604:"Gumul-Sin brought the woman out of the city gate and departed. (A report is taken back to my lord.) I gave this instruction to the guides, ‘Until YOU safely guide the woman through a frontier town, modify her garment and head-gear.’ But, being negligent, the men did not modify (the attire) but added three to four (other women) along with her. Having stocked up, they left and reached Agade. They drank beer and, having the woman ride a mule, they led her all the way through the square in Agade. The woman was recognized and she was seized. When news of her capture reached Atamrum in Ešnunna, a troop of 30 men armed with bronze spears surrounded Gumul-Sin saying, ‘Your lord has conveyed to you 5 manas of silver, yet you keep on selling women from Ešnunna."
248:
375:
335:"Naram-Sin, the mighty, king of Agade, when the four quarters together revolted against him, ... In view of the fact that he protected the foundations of his city from danger, (the citizens of his city requested from Astar in Eanna, Enlil in Nippur, Dagan in Tuttul, Ninhursag in Kes, Ea in Eridu, Sin in Ur, Samas in Sippar, (and) Nergal in Kutha, that (Naram-Sin) be (made) the god of their city, and they built within Agade a temple (dedicated) to him. ... "
473:
293:
651:"Along the roadside the (personnel) of the postal stations pass my letters along from one to another (and thus) bring them to the king, my lord. (Yet) for two or three times (already) my letter has been returned from (the postal stations) Kamanate, Ampihapi, and garesu! Let an order sealed with the imperial seal (unqu) be sent to them (that) they should pass my letter along from one to another and bring it to the king, my Lord!"
512:(1121–1100 BC), that Akkad had been renamed sometime in the 2nd millennium. The kuduru suggests the new name was Dur-Sharru-Kin, "on the bank of the river Nish-Gatti in the district of Milikku". This is not to be confused with the Dur-Sharukin built by the Neo-Assyrians in the 8th century BC: the most likely site would be Dur-Rimush (a cult center of the god Adad), nine kilometers north of Dur-Sharukin (Tell el-Mjelaat).
33:
664:
409:(circa 1375 BC) reported rebuilding the Akitu house of Ishtar at Akkade. Another Nabonidus period copy indicates Kurigalzu (unclear if first or second of that name) left an inscription at Akkade recording his fruitless search for the E.ul.mas (temple of Istar-Annunitum). Nabonidus claimed that the Assyrian ruler Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) had rebuilt the E.ul.mas temple of Istar-Annunitum at Agade.
367:(circa 1750 BC) includes the phrase "the one who installs Ištar in the temple Eulmaš inside Akkade city". It also holds a list of cities in order along their watercourse ie "... Tutub, Eshnunna, Agade, Ashur, ..." which would place Akkade off the Tigris between Eshnunna and Ashur. Akkade is given the modifier ribitu which is used for prominent places.
1208:
631:) found there. The statue is of black stone and was originally three meters high and thought to be of ruler Rimush. The upper portion of the statue was reportedly destroyed by a local imam for idolatry. The site in question has been partially eroded away by the Tigris and is located between Samarra and the confluence of the Tigiris and
1008:
Winter, Irene J., "How Tall Was Naram-Sîn’s
Victory Stele? Speculation on the Broken Bottom", in Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen, edited by Erica Ehrenberg, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 301-312,
480:
Scholars have worked to identify the location of the city of Akkad since the earliest days of
Assyriology. The proposals essentially all fall into two areas 1) near the confluence of the Tigris river and Diayalla river, an area significantly covered by the large modern city of
496:
south, has shifted its banks over time with its historical course being an open question. This complicates locating the city of Akkad and also opens the possibility that its location shifted over time, as sometimes happened when the Tigris or
Euphrates river moved.
646:
Màr-Issâr (Mar-Istar), agent of the Neo-Assyrian ruler
Esarhaddon in the city of Akkad, was having trouble getting reports to the king. He names some of the post stations between Akkad and Nineveh. None of them are currently known though there have been proposals.
538:(1186–1172 BC) the recipient is given cultivated land in the communal land of the city of Agade located around the settlement of Tamakku adjacent to the Nar Sarri (Canal of the King) in Bīt-Piri’-Amurru, north of the "land of Istar-Agade" and east of Kibati canal.
393:
include two female slaves who, based on the standard naming scheme, are either from Akkad or were owned by someone from Akkad, ie "Taram-Agade and Taram-Akkadi". The former was also the name of a daughter of
Akkadian ruler Naram-Sin several centuries beforehand.
459:"... all of them (kings from the entire world) brought their heavy tribute and kissed my feet in Babylon. From (a region) as far as the city of Assur and the city of Susa, the city of Agade, the land of Esnunna, the town Zamban, the town Me-Turnu, the city of
1386:
Frayne, D. R., 2004 Geographical Notes on the Land of Akkad, in G. Frame (ed.), From the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea, Studies on the
History of Assyria and Babylonia in Honour of A. K. Grayson, Leiden: Nederlands Instituut Voor Het Naije Oosten, pp. 103–116,
448:"Ibna son of Šum-ukin, of his own free will, sold Šahana and her three-year-old daughter Ša-Nana-bani to Šamaš-dannu son of Mušezib-Marduk descendant of the priest of the city of Akkad for one-half mina five shekels of silver, the price agreed upon. ..."
356:, the Amorite king Shamshi-Adad (1808–1776 BC), in the final years of his reign, went to the cities of "Rapiqum and Akkad" (they having been captured earlier by his son Yasmah-Adad) as part of one of his military campaigns, in this case against
1093:
Naohiko
Kawakami, "The Location of the Ancient City of Akkade: Review of Past Theories and Identification of Issues for Formulating a Specific Methodology for Searching Akkade", AL-RĀFIDĀN: Journal of Western Asiatic Studies, vol. 45, pp. 45–68,
623:
with the Tigris, has been proposed as a candidate for the location of Akkad. No remains datable to the
Akkadian Empire period have been found at the site. Excavations found remains dating to the Isin-Larsa, Old Babylonian, and Kassite periods.
370:
Centuries later, an old
Babylonian text (purportedly a copy of an original Sargon of Akkad (2334–2279 BC) statue inscription) refers to ships being docked at the quay of Agade, i.e. "Sargon moo the ships of Meluhha Magan, and Tilmun] a Ag.".
288:"Man-istusu, king of the world: when he conquered Ansan and Sirihum, had ... ships cross the Lower Sea. ... He quarried the black stone of the mountains across the Lower Sea, loaded (it) on ships, and moored (the ships) at the quay of Agade"
806:
Sharlach, T. M., "Belet-šuhnir and Belet-terraban and
Religious Activities of the Queen and the Concubine(s)", in An Ox of One's Own: Royal Wives and Religion at the Court of the Third Dynasty of Ur, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 261-286,
1392:
Kawakami, Naohiko, "The northwestern territorial extent of Sargon's Empire of Akkad: studies on the royal inscriptions and the historical literary texts on the horizons of the historical geography", Dissertation, University of Liverpool,
436:
In 674 BC Esarhaddon reports returning the gods (cult statues) of the city of Akkad to that city from Elam, possibly taken by Shutruk-Nakhunte five centuries earlier though more likely taken in an Elamite raid that occurred in 675 BC.
834:
A. Westenholz, "Old Sumerian and Old Akkadian Texts in Philadelphia, Chiefly from Nippur", I: Literary and Lexical Texts and the Earliest Administrative Documents from Nippur. Bibliotheca Mesopotamica 1. Malibu: Undena Publications,
432:"Concerning the lunar éclipsé about which the king, my lord, wrote to me, it was observed in the cities of Akkad, Borsippa and Nippur. What we saw in Akkad corresponded to the other (observations). A bronze ket was set up (played)."
1198:
Al-Mutawally, N.A.M., "Economical Texts from Išān-Mazyad", in De Meyer, L. and Gasche, H., (eds.), Mésopotamie et Élam, Actes de la XXXVIème Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale Gand, 10-14 juillet 1989, Ghent, pp. 45-46,
1036:
Rochberg, Francesca, "Natural Knowledge in Ancient Mesopotamia", Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science, edited by Peter Harrison, Ronald L. Numbers and Michael H. Shank, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 9-36,
1408:
Sallaberger, W./I. Schrakamp, "Philological data for a historical chronology of Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium", in: W. Sallaberger/I. Schrakamp (eds.), History & philology, ARCANE 3. Turnhout, pp. 1–13, 2015
412:
The Elamite ruler Shutruk-Nakhunte (1184 to 1155 BC) conquered part of Mesopotamia, noting that he defeated Sippar. As part of the spoils some millennium old royal Akkadian statues were taken back to Susa including the
888:
Steinkeller, Piotr, "The Divine Rulers of Akkade and Ur: Toward a Definition of the Deification of Kings in Babylonia", History, Texts and Art in Early Babylonia: Three Essays, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 107-157,
741:
Westenholz, C. F., "The Old Akkadian Period: History and Culture", in Mesopotamien: Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 160/3), Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz, Freiburg, Schweiz, pp. 11-110,
526:
and 15 kilometers east-northeast of Babylon. Excavations have shown that the remains at Ishan Mizyad date to the Akkadian period (about 200 Old Akkadian administrative texts were found, mainly lists of workers),
1396:
Naohiko Kawakami, "Searching for the Location of the Ancient City of Akkade in Relation to the Ancient Course of the Tigris Using Historical Geographical and GIS Analyses", AKKADICA, vol. 143, pp. 101–135,
1289:
588:
north-west of Sumer proper. It has also been suggested that Akkad was under the control of Eshnunna in that period. It is also known that the rulers of Eshnunna continued cult activities in the city of Akkad.
428:, who was the son of the temple administrator (šatammu) of Akkad, left Nineveh and arrived at the city of Akkad five days later and "sat upon the throne" and was buried there. In another letter he states:
1018:
Nissinen, Martti, "City as Lofty as Heaven: Arbela and Other Cities in Neo-Assyrian Prophecy", Prophetic Divination: Essays in Ancient Near Eastern Prophecy, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 267-300, 2019
1405:
Nowicki, Stefan, "Sargon of Akkade and his god: Comments on the worship of the god of the father among the ancient Semites", Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69.1, pp. 63–82, 2016
816:
Speiser, Ephraim Avigdor, "Elam And Sumer In The Epigraphical Sources", in Mesopotamian Origins: The Basic Population of the Near East, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 26-58, 1930
1105:
Kawakami, Naohiko, "GIS and Historical Geographical Analyses of the Reconstructed Ancient Course of the Tigris in the Northern Part of Southern Mesopotamia", al-Rāfidān, vol. 43, pp. 13-38, 2022
1046:
D. Brown and M. Linssen, "BM 134701=1965-10-14,1 and the Hellenistic Period Eclipse ritual from Uruk", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 91, no. 2, 1997, pp. 147–66, 1997
138:. In the early days of research various unidentified mounds were considered as the location of Akkad. In modern times most of the attention has focused on an area roughly defined by 1) near
274:, was "Year in which En-šakušuana defeated Akkad". This would have been shortly before the rise of the Akkadian Empire and part of his northern campaign that also defeated Kish and Akshak.
847:
Eppihimer, Melissa, "Assembling King and State: The Statues of Manishtushu and the Consolidation of Akkadian Kingship", American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 365–80, 2010
639:
in 1821. This location had been suggested much earlier by Lane. More recently this site has been identified in a regional survey (site N) as lying not far south of the site of
531:, Isin-Larsa period, and Neo-Babylonian period, including an archive of cuneiform tablets from the Ur III period. Until Neo-Babylonian times a canal ran from Kish to Mizyad.
1311:
Ross, John, "A Journey from Baghdád to the Ruins of Opis, and the Median Wall, in 1834", The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 11, pp. 121–36, 1841
1082:
Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke, "A selection from the miscellaneous inscriptions of Assyria and Babylonia", in The Cuneiform inscriptions of Western Asia, vol. 5, London, 1884
898:
Nele Ziegler, "Akkad à l’époque paleo- babylonienne", in Entre les fleuves – II: D’Aššur à Mari et au- delà, ed. N. Ziegler and E. Cancik- Kirschbaum, Gladbeck: PeWe, 2014
1320:
Reade, Julian, "Early monuments in Gulf stone at the British Museum, with observations on some Gudea statues and the location of Agade", vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 258-295, 2002
1073:
Garroway, Kristine, "Appendix A. Cuneiform Texts", Children in the Ancient Near Eastern Household, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 254-280, 2014
1280:
Sasson, Jack M., "Warfare", From the Mari Archives: An Anthology of Old Babylonian Letters, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, 2015, pp. 181-214, 2015
627:
A site, locally called El Sanam (or Makan el Sanam), near Qādisiyyah (Kudsia), has been suggested based on the base fragment of an Old Akkadian statue (now in the
239:
or the Lullubian (though that is unattested). The non-Akkadian origin of the city's name would suggest that the site may have been occupied in pre-Sargonic times.
1373:
Radner, Karen, "Royal pen pals: the kings of Assyria in correspondence with officials, clients and total strangers (8th and 7th centuries BC)", pp. 127-143, 2015
1291:
Chaffey, Ilana, "Come as you are, as you were, as I want you to be: A Study of Foreign Musicians in the Mari Archives", Dissertation, Macquarie University, 2022
945:
1027:
Ahmed, Sami Said, "Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin", Southern Mesopotamia in the time of Ashurbanipal, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 62-103, 1968
1125:
535:
339:
One year name of Naram-Sin reads "The year the wall of Agade <was built>". Another is "Year in which the temple of Isztar in Agade was built".
162:- all within roughly 30 kilometers of modern Baghdad in central Iraq. There are also location proposals as far afield as the Mosul area in northern Iraq.
925:
Steinert, Ulrike, "Akkadian Terms for Streets and the Topography of Mesopotamian Cities", Altorientalische Forschungen, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 309-347, 2011
879:
A. H. al-Fouadi, "Bassetki Statue with an Old Akkadian Royal Inscription of Naram-Sin of Agade (2291-2255 BC)", Sumer, vol. 32, no. 1-2, pp. 63-76, 1976
522:
A proposed location of Agade is Ishan Mizyad (Tell Mizyad), a large (1,000 meters by 600 meters) low site 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest from
342:
The location "Dur(BAD₃)-A-ga-de₃" (Fortress of Agade) was frequently mentioned in texts of the Ur III period, noting the indication of deification.
825:
Pomponio, Francesco, "Further Considerations On Kiš In The Ebla Texts", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 107, pp. 71–83, 2013
519:
river, which originates in Iran and joins the Tigris just south of Al Zab in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, has also been suggested.
1449:
956:
Harris, Rivkah, "Notes on the Slave Names of Old Babylonian Sippar", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 46–51, 1977
201:
1300:
Gentili, Paolo, "Wandering Through Time: The Chronology Of Tell Mohammed", Studi Classici e Orientali, vol. 57, pp. 39–55, 2011
417:
and a statue of the Akkadian ruler Manishtushu. It is unknown if the statues were taken from Akkad or had been moved to Sippar.
1439:
1400:
G.J. P. McEwan, "Agade after the Gutian Destruction: The Afterlife of a Mesopotamian City", AfO Beiheft 19, pp. 8–15, 1982
1444:
792:
1353:
1114:
687:
1414:
1342:
1243:
988:
868:
907:
Lewy, Hildegard, "The Synchronism Assyria—Ešnunna—Babylon", Die Welt Des Orients, vol. 2, no. 5/6, pp. 438–53, 1959
284:–2255 BC), second Akkadian ruler, all bearing portions of a "standard inscription". It mentions Agade An excerpt:
677:
1064:
Frame, Grant, "Uncertain Dynasties", Rulers of Babylonia, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 90-274, 1995
682:
485:, and 2) the confluence of the Tigris river and the Adheim river (later known as the Radānu) south of Samarra.
247:
17:
999:
S. Langdon, "New Inscriptions of Nabuna'id", American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 32, 1915-16
863:
Douglas R. Frayne, The Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334-2113), University of Toronto Press, pp. 5-218, 1993,
1210:
W. J. Hinke, "A New Boundary Stone of Nebuchadrezzar I from Nippur (BE IV)", University of Philadelphia, 1907
754:
Wall-Romana, Christophe "An areal location of Agade", Journal of Near Eastern Studies 49.3, pp. 205–245, 1990
596:(c. 1775–1761 BC) also suggests a location not far from Eshnunna. After Eshnunna was conquered by Atamrum of
1364:
Northedge, Alastair, and Robin Falkner, "The 1986 Survey Season at Sāmarrā", Iraq, vol. 49, pp. 143–73, 1987
1103:
1091:
424:(681–669 BC) to the city of Akkad. In one letter from Màr-Issâr to Esarhaddon in 671 BC he reports that the
1234:
Michael Jursa, "A 'Prisoner Text' from Birmingham", in G. Chambon, M. Guichard & A.-I. Langlois (eds),
1116:
Khalid al-Admi, "A New Kudurru of Maroduk-Nadin-Ahhe IM. 90585", Sumer, vol. 38, no. 1–2, pp. 121–133, 1982
1154:
Mahmoud, N. Ahmed, "The Ur III tablets from Ishan Mizyad", Acta Sumerologica, vol. 11, pp. 330–352, 1989
414:
974:
Frame, G., "Nabonidus and the history of the Eulmas temple at Akkad", Mesopotamia 28, pp. 21-50, 1993
1434:
1429:
190:
1344:
Rich, C. J., "Narrative of a Residence in Koordistan &c, edited by his widow", London, 1836
397:
According to a purported brick inscription copy made during the reign of the Neo-Babylonian ruler
374:
476:
Map showing locations of Sippar, Eshnunna, Kish, and Babylon – cities suggested as close to Akkad
1254:
Ziegler N. & A.-I. Langlois, "Les toponymes paléo-babyloniens de la Haute-Mésopotamie",
692:
425:
1390:
542:
1221:
Andrew George, "Babylonian and Assyrian: a history of Akkadian", In: Postgate, J. N. (ed.),
8:
528:
983:
George, A. R., "House Most High. The temples of ancient Mesopotamia", Winona Lake, 1993
965:
Clayden, T., "Kurigalzu I and the restoration of Babylonia", Iraq 58, pp. 109–121, 1996
946:
Cuneiform Inscription Of Defeat Of Oman & Indus Valley - MS-2814 Schoyen Collection
328:
309:
1410:
1239:
984:
864:
788:
720:
505:
441:
364:
301:
232:
228:
116:
94:
1236:
De l’argile au numérique. Mélanges assyriologiques en l’honneur de Dominique Charpin
934:
227:
In the early days of Assyriology, it was suggested that the name of Agade is not of
1219:
509:
382:
236:
54:
1403:
785:
Inanna, Lady of the Largest Heart. Poems by the Sumerian High Priestess Enheduanna
769:, "Kish, Akkad and Agade", Review of "McGuire Gibson, The city and area of Kish",
488:
Almost all of the proposals for the location of the city of Akkad place it on the
1454:
916:
Dossin, G., "Archives royales de Mari1", Paris: Impr. Nationale, 1950 (in french)
452:
324:
305:
297:
124:
41:
463:, as far as the land of the Gutis, (these) sacred cities across the Tigris ..."
1329:
Thomas, Ariane, "The Akkadian Royal Image: On a Seated Statue of Manishtushu",
669:
628:
554:
174:
131:
during a period of about 150 years in the last third of the 3rd millennium BC.
319:–2218 BC) with an inscription mentioning the construction of a temple in Akkad
1423:
712:
636:
608:
267:
256:
1309:
724:
472:
766:
620:
585:
570:
523:
489:
251:
Manishtushu Obelisk, with close-up of the text. 2270–2255 BC, Louvre Museum
197:
159:
155:
147:
1127:
McGuire Gibson, "The city and area of Kish", Field Research Projects, 1972
110:
1225:, Ancient and Modern, London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2007
1055:
A. K. Grayson, "Assyrian and Babylonian chronicles", J. J. Augustin, 1975
546:
460:
406:
353:
345:
It is known from textual sources that the late 19th century BC rulers of
128:
600:
a songstress, Huššutum, was repatriated by Mari and soon reached Agade.
573:. Mari documents also indicate that Akkad is sited at a river crossing.
1163:"Excavations in Iraq, 1981–82." Iraq, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 199–224, 1983
1136:
Rashid, F., "Akkad or Bab-Aya", Sumer 43, pp. 183-214, 1984 (in Arabic)
516:
421:
1145:"Excavations in Iraq, 1979–80." Iraq, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 167–98, 1981
632:
565:, Akkad would be on the Tigris just downstream of the current city of
935:
Composite of Laws of Hammurabi at CDLI - RIME 4.03.06.add21 (P464358)
593:
440:
A slave sale document from the 13th year of the Neo-Babylonian ruler
398:
166:
135:
37:
173:(Warlike Ishtar), though it may have been a different aspect, Istar-
612:
581:
562:
558:
357:
346:
139:
292:
640:
616:
597:
566:
501:
493:
482:
402:
151:
1271:, ed. N. Ziegler and E. Cancik- Kirschbaum, Gladbeck: PeWe, 2014
576:
An Old Babylonian prisoner record from the time of Rīm-Anum of
550:
390:
221:
217:
186:
143:
120:
32:
1355:
Lane, W. H., "Babylonian Problems", John Murray, London, 1923
1331:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie
719:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin: W. de Gruyter, p. 62,
182:
178:
715:(1928), "Akkad", in Ebeling, Erich; Meissner, Bruno (eds.),
580:
in the 18th century BC implies that Akkad is in the area of
181:
was also revered. Ishtar and Ilaba were later worshipped at
1256:
Matériaux pour l’étude de la toponymie et de la topographie
577:
271:
1267:
Nele Ziegler, "Akkad à l’époque paleo- babylonienne," in
1185:
Buccellati, Marilyn K., "Orientalists Meet at Berkeley",
1172:
al-Mutawali, Nawala A., "Clay Tablets from Tell Mizyad",
635:
rivers. The fragment was first observed and described by
420:
Màr-Issâr (Mar-Istar) was assigned by Neo-Assyrian ruler
327:
records that the inhabitants of Akkad built a temple for
66:
60:
277:
A number of fragments of royal statues of Manishtushu (
109:
98:
455:(c. 600–530 BC), after conquering Mesopotamia, wrote
63:
659:
569:, near the crossing of the Tigris and its tributary
536:
Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II
69:
57:
1269:Entre les fleuves – II: D’Aššur à Mari et au- delà
549:which places Akkade between the cities of Sippar (
101:
1421:
508:(1095–1078 BC) and Second Dynasty of Isin ruler
331:after he had crushed a revolt against his rule.
389:List of slaves from the Old Babylonian city of
44:and the general area in which Akkad was located
750:
748:
843:
841:
737:
735:
733:
381:("Country of Akkad"), on a cylinder seal of
127:, which was the dominant political force in
745:
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857:
855:
853:
838:
730:
401:(556 - 539 BC) many centuries later, the
771:Journal of the American Oriental Society
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373:
291:
246:
31:
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760:
643:on the Tigris river by an old citadel.
14:
1422:
850:
782:
349:performed cultic activities at Akkad.
266:), king of Uruk and a contemporary of
196:The city is possibly mentioned in the
1333:, vol. 105, no. 1–2, pp. 86–117, 2015
1202:
787:, Austin: University of Texas Press,
711:
492:. A problem is that the Tigris, from
757:
1189:, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 303–304, 1968
688:Chronology of the ancient Near East
24:
1380:
773:, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 434–53, 1975
615:) in the south-eastern suburbs of
25:
1466:
504:from the reigns of Kassite ruler
662:
53:
1450:Former populated places in Iraq
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882:
873:
783:Meador, Betty De Shong (2001),
678:Cities of the Ancient Near East
500:It has been proposed, based on
123:period) was the capital of the
1176:41, pp. 135–136, 1985 (arabic)
828:
819:
810:
800:
776:
705:
683:List of Mesopotamian dynasties
216:), in a list of the cities of
165:The main goddess of Akkad was
13:
1:
1440:Lost ancient cities and towns
698:
313:
278:
260:
212:, classically transliterated
1445:Archaeological sites in Iraq
1238:(Leuven), pp. 507-512, 2019
717:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
7:
655:
619:near the confluence of the
467:
10:
1471:
415:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
242:
231:origin. Proposals include
158:, and 5) not far from the
40:showing the extent of the
592:A text from the reign of
205:
27:Ancient Mesopotamian city
444:(605–562 BC) it states:
352:Based on texts found at
308:, dated to the reign of
323:The inscription on the
693:List of kings of Akkad
653:
606:
561:(Tutub) on a route to
477:
465:
450:
434:
386:
337:
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252:
204:) where it is written
45:
649:
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543:Old Babylonian period
475:
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333:
295:
286:
250:
191:Old Babylonian period
35:
363:The prologue of the
136:location is unknown
478:
387:
321:
253:
146:, 3) not far from
46:
1223:Languages of Iraq
794:978-0-292-75242-9
506:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
442:Nebuchadnezzar II
426:"substitute king"
365:Laws of Hammurabi
302:Dohuk Governorate
233:Sumerian language
229:Akkadian language
16:(Redirected from
1462:
1374:
1371:
1365:
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1258:I/1, Paris, 2016
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728:
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709:
672:
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665:
515:The area of the
510:Nebuchadnezzar I
383:Shar-Kali-Sharri
318:
315:
283:
280:
265:
262:
237:Hurrian language
207:
171:‘Aštar-annunîtum
167:Ishtar-Annunitum
114:
107:
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100:
76:
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62:
59:
21:
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1435:Akkadian Empire
1430:Akkadian cities
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1381:Further reading
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545:itinerary from
534:On the Kassite
470:
453:Cyrus the Great
325:Bassetki Statue
316:
306:Iraqi Kurdistan
298:Bassetki Statue
281:
263:
255:A year name of
245:
125:Akkadian Empire
102:
56:
52:
42:Akkadian Empire
28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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1244:978-9042938724
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713:Unger, Eckhard
703:
702:
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673:
670:History portal
657:
654:
629:British Museum
555:Sippar-Amnanum
469:
466:
264: 2350 BC
244:
241:
177:. Her husband
154:, 4) near the
26:
18:Akkad (region)
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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869:0-8020-0593-4
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648:
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637:Claudius Rich
634:
630:
625:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:Tell Muhammad
605:
601:
599:
595:
590:
587:
586:Diyala Valley
583:
579:
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568:
564:
560:
556:
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548:
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532:
530:
529:Ur III period
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268:Lugal-zage-si
258:
249:
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234:
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215:
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203:
202:Genesis 10:10
199:
194:
192:
188:
185:and possibly
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
112:
105:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:; also spelt
74:
50:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
1369:
1360:
1349:
1338:
1330:
1325:
1316:
1305:
1296:
1285:
1276:
1268:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1215:
1204:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1004:
995:
979:
970:
961:
952:
941:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
884:
875:
830:
821:
812:
802:
784:
778:
770:
767:Harvey Weiss
716:
707:
650:
645:
626:
621:Diyala River
607:
603:
591:
575:
571:Diyala River
541:Based on an
540:
533:
521:
514:
499:
490:Tigris river
487:
479:
458:
451:
447:
439:
435:
431:
419:
411:
396:
388:
378:
369:
362:
351:
344:
341:
338:
334:
322:
287:
276:
257:En-šakušuana
254:
226:
213:
209:
198:Hebrew Bible
195:
170:
164:
160:Diyala River
156:Tigris River
133:
103:
90:
86:
82:
78:
48:
47:
29:
1187:Archaeology
407:Kurigalzu I
317: 2254
300:, found in
282: 2270
129:Mesopotamia
119:during the
36:Map of the
1424:Categories
699:References
611:(possibly
517:Little Zab
422:Esarhaddon
220:in Sumer (
142:, 2) near
594:Zimri-Lim
584:, in the
399:Nabonidus
329:Naram-Sin
310:Naram-Sin
208: (
175:Ulmašītum
87:a-ka₃-de₂
38:Near East
725:23582617
656:See also
613:Diniktum
582:Eshnunna
563:Eshnunna
559:Khafajah
502:kudurrus
468:Location
379:Agade-ki
358:Eshnunna
347:Eshnunna
140:Eshnunna
117:Sumerian
99:𒀀𒂵𒉈𒆠
95:Akkadian
641:Samarra
633:ʿAdhaim
617:Baghdad
598:Andarig
567:Baghdad
494:Samarra
483:Baghdad
403:Kassite
243:Sources
189:in the
152:Babylon
115:URI in
108:, also
1455:Nimrod
1413:
1242:
987:
867:
791:
723:
557:) and
551:Sippar
405:ruler
391:Sippar
222:Shinar
218:Nimrod
210:ʾAkkaḏ
206:אַכַּד
187:Sippar
144:Sippar
121:Ur III
104:akkadê
83:Akkade
1174:Sumer
214:Accad
183:Girsu
179:Ilaba
91:Agade
79:Accad
49:Akkad
1411:ISBN
1397:2022
1393:2004
1387:2004
1240:ISBN
1199:1991
1094:2023
1037:2011
1009:2021
985:ISBN
889:2017
865:ISBN
835:1975
807:2017
789:ISBN
742:1999
721:OCLC
578:Uruk
553:and
547:Mari
524:Kish
354:Mari
296:The
272:Umma
150:and
148:Kish
134:Its
461:Der
270:of
224:).
169:or
89:or
1426::
852:^
840:^
759:^
747:^
732:^
360:.
314:c.
304:,
279:c.
261:c.
235:,
193:.
113:𒆠
111:𒌵
97::
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73:/
70:d
67:æ
64:k
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51:(
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