1185:
602:
1532:
47:
463:
5021:
4402:
4412:
850:
2720:
4649:
5009:
4480:
1133:
3282:
2283:
4422:
4432:
1337:
864:
62:
592:
Today, the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management, and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its
1358:
In 2014 a major breakthrough in developing consensus between multiple stakeholder representatives of Iraq and Turkey on a Plan of Action for promoting exchange and calibration of data and standards pertaining to Tigris river flows was achieved. The consensus, known as the "Geneva
Consensus On Tigris
1344:
The Tigris is heavily dammed in Iraq and Turkey to provide water for irrigating the arid and semi-desert regions bordering the river valley. Damming has also been important for averting floods in Iraq, to which the Tigris has historically been notoriously prone following April melting of snow in the
2192:
1631:
1324:
The Tigris has long been an important transport route in a largely desert country. Shallow-draft vessels can go as far as
Baghdad, but rafts have historically been needed for transport downstream from
1352:
Recent
Turkish damming of the river has been the subject of some controversy, for both its environmental effects within Turkey and its potential to reduce the flow of water downstream.
699:"running water"). The Sumerian term, which can be interpreted as "the swift river", contrasts the Tigris to its neighbour, the Euphrates, whose leisurely pace caused it to deposit more
1211:
and about 30 km (19 mi) from the headwaters of the
Euphrates. The river then flows for 400 km (250 mi) through Southeastern Turkey before forming part of the
2046:
3664:
1535:
Coat of arms of the
Kingdom of Iraq 1932–1959 depicting the two rivers, the confluence Shatt al-Arab and the date palm forest, which used to be the largest in the world
1385:
could collapse. The United States warned people to evacuate the floodplain of the Tigris because between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were at risk of drowning due to
1992:
2500:
3693:
4615:
3963:
3093:
2010:
1632:"Landscape development within a young collision zone: implications for post-Tethyan evolution of the Upper Tigris River system in southeastern Turkey"
4446:
3577:
1459:
1215:. This stretch of 44 km (27 mi) is the only part of the river that is located in Syria. Some of its affluences are Garzan, Anbarçayi,
1251:
409:
1263:
1912:
5107:
3088:
1690:
Isaev, V.A.; Mikhailova, M.V. (2009). "The hydrology, evolution, and hydrological regime of the mouth area of the Shatt al-Arab River".
5122:
5102:
4637:
2203:
1952:
1908:
Namio Egami, "The Report of The Japan
Mission For The Survey of Under-Water Antiquities At Qurnah: The First Season," (1971-72), 1-45,
1666:
4468:
3581:
2036:
169:
3953:
3144:
2493:
2705:
2078:
1000:
5112:
5097:
5052:
3269:
3247:
1933:
1879:
5117:
3705:
3612:
3607:
2835:
2486:
1982:
1184:
4645:
247:
3958:
3874:
3597:
3562:
738:
4476:
4002:
2562:
2362:
2112:
1740:
1614:
1278:
and other ancient historians, the
Euphrates originally had its outlet into the sea separate from that of the Tigris.
506:
389:
67:
4090:
4075:
3671:
3659:
3226:
2236:
3948:
3934:
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2197:
4630:
3552:
3139:
3123:
2142:
601:
4461:
3165:
1371:
2014:
5137:
5062:
3698:
3175:
2910:
1230:
Close to its confluence with the
Euphrates, the Tigris splits into several channels. First, the artificial
17:
4798:
1531:
154:
5132:
4247:
4012:
3975:
3907:
3676:
3231:
3113:
3108:
3043:
2719:
2135:"Sunan Abi Dawud 4306 – Battles (Kitab Al-Malahim) – كتاب الملاحم – Sunnah.com – River of Dajal(Tigris)"
1132:
5082:
4425:
4100:
4080:
3922:
3912:
3902:
3602:
3592:
3371:
3236:
2845:
2209:
2176:; St J. Simpson; R. Wenke; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert; T. Elliott; S. Gillies (27 December 2020).
5072:
4803:
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3467:
3262:
2920:
2735:
1364:
761:
5067:
4653:
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4454:
4139:
4110:
3754:
2875:
2517:
1509:
1498:
4692:
5057:
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4115:
3779:
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3185:
3118:
3012:
2865:
2783:
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2104:
1909:
31:
5127:
4070:
3929:
3799:
3774:
3644:
3396:
3216:
3068:
2827:
1568:
1557:
1446:
nominative form) is the
Hurrian name of the Tigris River, which was deified. He was the son of
1375:
1309:
787:
727:
4841:
2282:
1732:
1726:
1515:
5047:
4851:
4712:
4435:
4174:
4042:
3654:
3527:
3506:
3426:
3386:
3277:
2885:
1528:
around 1858 while he walked along the banks of the Tigris river during his exile in
Baghdad.
1505:
1960:
5077:
4269:
4151:
4085:
4047:
3943:
3869:
3864:
3789:
3637:
3255:
3103:
3063:
2542:
2229:
1604:
1540:
1247:
1079:
573:. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the
4891:
1519:
8:
4831:
4211:
4169:
4095:
3970:
3892:
3421:
3391:
3376:
3190:
3098:
3073:
2880:
2855:
2259:
1573:
1212:
755:
2166:
5087:
4992:
4783:
4562:
4342:
4337:
4322:
4284:
4259:
4196:
4057:
3992:
3627:
3436:
3351:
3180:
3149:
3048:
2895:
2812:
2265:
1707:
1562:
1486:
1296:
stood on or near the Tigris, drawing water from it to irrigate the civilization of the
4184:
2068:
4818:
4500:
4411:
4362:
4327:
4164:
4105:
4007:
3917:
3887:
3882:
3749:
3744:
3728:
3617:
3557:
3477:
3472:
3381:
3170:
3027:
3022:
3007:
2942:
2860:
2817:
2537:
2532:
2271:
2108:
1819:
1794:
1736:
1711:
1610:
1578:
1414:
1173:
1114:
961:
892:
837:
714:
704:
671:
586:
4886:
4254:
4189:
4179:
3853:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3764:
3739:
3083:
3078:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2763:
2620:
2605:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2557:
1699:
1643:
1583:
1524:
1501:
states he received one of his visions "when I was by that great river the Tigris".
1443:
1200:
1159:
1100:
1074:
1060:
817:
662:
531:
477:
101:
4866:
4861:
5092:
5025:
4722:
4352:
4317:
4206:
4201:
4120:
4031:
3769:
3622:
3534:
3522:
3446:
3441:
3431:
3366:
3341:
3326:
3313:
3301:
3017:
2992:
2987:
2967:
2915:
2905:
2900:
2890:
2870:
2840:
2792:
2788:
2758:
2462:
2401:
2222:
1996:
1937:
1930:
1916:
1871:
1504:
The Tigris River is also mentioned in Islam in Sunan Abi Daud 4306. The tomb of
1482:
1471:
1378:
1275:
1266:, which drains the Hawizeh Marshes. Finally, the Tigris joins the Euphrates near
1259:
1243:
1140:
1030:
778:
718:
417:
46:
4687:
4846:
4836:
4750:
4742:
4659:
4512:
4490:
4332:
4307:
3587:
3517:
2997:
1953:"Mesopotamia, Tigris-Euphrates, 1914-1917, despatches, killed and died, medals"
1494:
1490:
1239:
1092:
801:
703:
and build up a higher bed than the Tigris. The Sumerian form was borrowed into
383:
1703:
1647:
5041:
5013:
4936:
4901:
4876:
4788:
4677:
4604:
4522:
4508:
4405:
4357:
4347:
4312:
4264:
4241:
4216:
3980:
3809:
3804:
3681:
3482:
3331:
2797:
2645:
2552:
1827:. Vol. I: What do the Ancestral Voices and Glyphs Say?. pp. 100–104
1478:
1271:
1231:
993:
829:
617:
547:
449:
371:
262:
249:
220:
184:
171:
4826:
2297:
1983:
Water supply key to the outcome of conflicts in Iraq and Syria, experts warn
952:
878:
The name of the Tigris in languages that have been important in the region:
656:
115:
4987:
4951:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4906:
4682:
4599:
4558:
4542:
4532:
4231:
3997:
3794:
3502:
3497:
3487:
3321:
2802:
2615:
2547:
2421:
2382:
2173:
2041:
1987:
1455:
1292:
straddles the Shatt al-Arab. In ancient times, many of the great cities of
1216:
551:
462:
437:
375:
4697:
2442:
2171:
4979:
4931:
4881:
4808:
4793:
4755:
4717:
4702:
4554:
4516:
4415:
4377:
4226:
4062:
3987:
3784:
3346:
3221:
3211:
3002:
2934:
2807:
2695:
2509:
2467:
2396:
2177:
1818:
Guo, Rongxing (7 July 2020). "2.1.3 Comparing the Euphrates and Tigris".
1386:
1293:
1208:
645:
523:
413:
215:
111:
4941:
1355:
Water from both rivers is used as a means of pressure during conflicts.
4969:
4896:
4856:
4765:
3492:
2753:
2748:
2457:
2416:
2411:
1512:
is in Baghdad and the flow of Tigris restricts the number of visitors.
1224:
825:
749:
429:
425:
142:
4911:
2478:
4959:
4727:
4669:
4550:
4302:
4274:
4221:
3759:
3451:
3411:
3058:
2743:
2630:
2567:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2406:
2332:
2307:
1663:"Geomorphic Evolution of the Upper Basin of the Tigris River, Turkey"
1382:
1346:
1305:
1267:
1235:
1220:
849:
633:
621:
574:
543:
527:
421:
232:
946:
648:
3819:
3649:
3632:
3406:
3401:
3195:
2850:
2773:
2768:
2675:
2660:
2655:
2610:
2134:
2073:
1425:
1255:
4871:
4732:
2037:"Iraqi PM and US issue warnings over threat of Mosul dam collapse"
1728:
The Euphrates River and the Southeast Anatolia Development Project
1662:
4778:
4773:
4279:
4236:
3416:
3361:
2952:
2680:
2670:
2635:
2625:
2337:
2327:
1552:
1447:
1434:
1429:
1402:
1398:
1301:
1281:
1188:
941:
582:
578:
570:
566:
322:
123:
52:
1199:
The Tigris is 1,750 km (1,090 mi) long, rising in the
4648:
4594:
4159:
2700:
2650:
2352:
2342:
2322:
2302:
2208:
Old maps of the Tigris, Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The
1467:
1451:
1394:
1360:
1313:
1204:
914:
562:
535:
83:
1910:
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient1960/8/0/8_0_1/_pdf
1336:
863:
772:
4584:
4479:
4372:
3356:
3053:
2690:
2685:
2665:
2317:
2312:
2214:
1770:
1390:
1325:
1316:
was irrigated by the Tigris via a canal dug around 2900 B.C.
1297:
1289:
1262:. The main channel continues southwards and is joined by the
1014:
998:
868:
853:
639:
627:
558:
519:
433:
119:
87:
805:
61:
4589:
3567:
3544:
3287:
3281:
2640:
1731:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. pp.
1418:
1285:
872:
857:
828:
of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, known in Arabic as the
700:
539:
486:
91:
2347:
1463:
1458:, one of the three gods spat out of Kumarbi's mouth onto
1389:
if the dam collapses, and that the major Iraqi cities of
495:
489:
1931:
The Conquest of Assyria: Excavations in an Antique Land
1207:
about 25 km (16 mi) southeast of the city of
1288:, stands on the banks of the Tigris. The port city of
1126:
984:
972:
905:
708:
694:
688:
682:
2198:
Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law
1065:
841:
811:
665:
507:
498:
1150:
1051:
1041:
925:
830:
792:
732:
492:
483:
1020:
1007:
480:
1795:"Tigris Meaning - Bible Definition and References"
530:. The river flows south from the mountains of the
2204:Outline of WWI Battles involving the Tigris River
2069:"US warns of Mosul dam collapse in northern Iraq"
557:The Tigris passes through historical cities like
5039:
605:Bedouin crossing the river Tigris with plunder (
1844:
1842:
1689:
1331:
1724:
1359:River", was reached at a meeting organized in
1119:
978:
966:
897:
674:
4631:
4462:
3263:
2494:
2230:
1164:
1839:
1145:
1035:
931:
919:
581:. In ancient times, the Tigris nurtured the
3089:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
2193:Managing the Tigris and Euphrates Watershed
1609:. Switzerland: Springer. pp. 425–438.
1489:branching off the river issuing out of the
1421:, who filled the river with flowing water.
810:, literally "swift river". Today, however,
4638:
4624:
4469:
4455:
3270:
3256:
2501:
2487:
2237:
2223:
1565:campaign against a dam on Tigris in Turkey
3578:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
1899:Pliny: Natural History, VI, XXVI, 128-131
1602:
1408:
1234:branches off, to join the Euphrates near
354:2,779 m/s (98,100 cu ft/s)
334:1,014 m/s (35,800 cu ft/s)
300:375,000 km (145,000 sq mi)
3402:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
1530:
1335:
1183:
862:
848:
600:
461:
2508:
1685:
1683:
344:337 m/s (11,900 cu ft/s)
14:
5040:
2178:"Places: 912964 (Tigris/Diglitus fl.)"
2034:
1821:Wadier: A New History of Civilizations
1768:
1642:(4–6). Taylor & Francis: 404–405.
1629:
1300:. Notable Tigris-side cities included
466:Mosul, on the bank of the Tigris, 1861
4619:
4450:
4137:
4029:
3851:
3726:
3299:
3251:
2482:
2218:
2081:from the original on 29 February 2016
2049:from the original on 29 February 2016
2008:
1725:Kolars, J.F.; Mitchell, W.A. (1991).
4431:
4373:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
1680:
1417:, the Tigris was created by the god
1146:
947:
800:Another name for the Tigris used in
765:
742:
538:, down through northern and eastern
4421:
2035:Borger, Julian (29 February 2016).
1817:
1769:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
1238:. Second, the Shatt al-Muminah and
1104:
1036:
932:
920:
821:
782:
722:
585:, with remnants like the relief of
24:
1771:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1660:
518:) is the eastern of the two great
25:
5149:
2160:
550:waterway, which empties into the
5108:Landforms of Diyarbakır Province
5020:
5019:
5007:
4647:
4478:
4430:
4420:
4410:
4401:
4400:
3706:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
3280:
3227:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
2718:
2281:
2009:Sümer, Vakur (1 December 2014).
1477:The Tigris appears twice in the
1246:. Further downstream, two other
1131:
476:
60:
45:
27:River in Turkey, Iraq, and Syria
4185:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
3608:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
3598:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
3337:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
2145:from the original on 2021-04-13
2127:
2118:
2101:The Literature of Ancient Sumer
2093:
2061:
2028:
2002:
1975:
1945:
1922:
1902:
1893:
1882:from the original on 2023-10-25
1864:
1859:Glossaire de la langue Hourrite
1851:
1669:from the original on 2023-10-25
1493:. The second mention is in the
3468:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
2784:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
2779:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
2244:
1811:
1787:
1762:
1749:
1718:
1654:
1623:
1596:
713:and from there into the other
515:
241: • coordinates
163: • coordinates
13:
1:
3727:
3166:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
2563:Tigris–Euphrates river system
2011:"Analysis & Water Agenda"
1589:
1372:United States Embassy in Iraq
1319:
606:
390:Tigris–Euphrates river system
292:1,900 km (1,200 mi)
130:Physical characteristics
68:Tigris–Euphrates river system
5123:Landforms of Şırnak Province
5113:Landforms of Batman Province
5103:Landforms of Elazığ Province
5098:Geography of Iraqi Kurdistan
5053:International rivers of Asia
3964:in ISIL-controlled territory
3852:
1759:, Leipzig (1914), IV, 6, 21.
1636:International Geology Review
1349:is the largest dam in Iraq.
1332:Management and water quality
1194:
1151:
1127:
1066:
953:
906:
806:
773:
756:
750:
709:
695:
689:
683:
666:
657:
634:
632:) is an alternative form of
622:
596:
280: • elevation
206:1,150 m (3,770 ft)
202: • elevation
7:
5118:Landforms of Siirt Province
4138:
4030:
3875:Council of Representatives
3613:Weapons of mass destruction
3300:
3232:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
3114:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
3109:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
1603:Barentine, John C. (2016).
1546:
1052:
1042:
1021:
1008:
985:
973:
926:
842:
831:
812:
793:
733:
318: • location
228: • location
150: • location
10:
5154:
3603:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
3237:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
2210:National Library of Israel
1942:Routledge, 2014, pp 344-49
1539:The river featured on the
1120:
1083:
1015:
999:
898:
675:
649:
644:), which was adapted from
640:
628:
542:, before merging with the
350: • maximum
340: • minimum
330: • average
29:
5001:
4978:
4950:
4817:
4764:
4741:
4668:
4577:
4541:
4499:
4396:
4295:
4150:
4146:
4133:
4038:
4025:
3860:
3847:
3735:
3722:
3543:
3460:
3312:
3308:
3295:
3204:
3158:
3132:
3036:
2933:
2826:
2734:
2727:
2716:
2598:
2525:
2516:
2430:
2361:
2290:
2279:
2252:
1704:10.1134/S0097807809040022
1648:10.1080/00206810902951072
1630:Nicoll, Kathleen (2010).
1485:, it is the third of the
1462:. Later he colluded with
1365:Strategic Foresight Group
1047:
979:
967:
739:Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
455:
443:
403:
395:
381:
367:
362:
358:
348:
338:
328:
316:
308:
304:
296:
288:
278:
239:
226:
214:
210:
200:
161:
148:
138:
134:
129:
107:
97:
79:
74:
59:
44:
39:
4784:Karamenderes (Scamander)
4528:Nahr al-Kabir al-Shamali
3954:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
3865:Administrative divisions
1510:Syed Abdul Razzaq Jilani
693:, probably derived from
445: • right
3513:Mandate for Mesopotamia
3387:First Babylonian Empire
2105:Oxford University Press
2013:. ORSAM. Archived from
1606:The Lost Constellations
1242:branch off to feed the
405: • left
32:Tigris (disambiguation)
3672:Insurgency (2011–2013)
3593:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
3397:Middle Assyrian Empire
3069:Babylonian mathematics
1861:, Paris (1980), p. 55.
1665:. University of Utah.
1569:List of places in Iraq
1558:Cradle of civilization
1536:
1409:Religion and mythology
1376:Prime Minister of Iraq
1370:In February 2016, the
1341:
1191:
1165:
875:
860:
613:
526:, the other being the
467:
284:1 m (3.3 ft)
3959:in post-invasion Iraq
3665:U.S. troop withdrawal
3427:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1534:
1518:, the founder of the
1506:Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal
1381:issued warnings that
1339:
1248:distributary channels
1187:
866:
852:
846:, "the Great Water".
604:
465:
263:31.00500°N 47.44194°E
185:38.48333°N 39.41667°E
3908:Council of Ministers
3790:Mesopotamian Marshes
3064:Babylonian astronomy
2543:Mesopotamian Marshes
2200:Peace Palace Library
2077:. 29 February 2016.
1541:coat of arms of Iraq
1470:to destroy Kumarbi (
1312:, while the city of
1178:Dîcle, Dijlê, دیجلە
1022:hē, ho Tígris, -idos
587:King Tiglath-Pileser
30:For other uses, see
5138:Rivers in Mandaeism
5063:Rivers of Kurdistan
4170:Mesopotamian Arabic
3976:Freedom of religion
3422:Neo-Assyrian Empire
3392:Old Assyrian Period
3377:Neo-Sumerian Empire
3145:Destruction by ISIL
3099:Sumerian literature
3074:Akkadian literature
2510:Ancient Mesopotamia
1963:on 19 November 2015
1876:europeanwalledtowns
1757:Sumerisches Glossar
1574:Mountains of Ararat
1543:from 1932 to 1959.
1450:and the brother of
1345:Turkish mountains.
1213:Syria-Turkey border
363:Basin features
259: /
181: /
5133:Water and religion
4693:Kızılırmak (Halys)
4101:Telecommunications
4076:Foreign Investment
4013:Wars and conflicts
3949:in pre-Saddam Iraq
3913:Presidency Council
3699:2019–2021 protests
3628:Invasion of Kuwait
3452:Sassanid Asorestan
3447:Parthian Babylonia
3442:Seleucid Babylonia
3437:Achaemenid Assyria
3352:Jemdet Nasr period
3181:Mesopotamian myths
2167:Livius.org: Tigris
1995:2016-12-04 at the
1936:2023-03-26 at the
1915:2018-10-31 at the
1661:Nicoll, Kathleen.
1563:Ilisu Dam Campaign
1537:
1415:Sumerian mythology
1363:by the think tank
1342:
1192:
1016:ἡ, ὁ Τίγρις, -ιδος
876:
861:
614:
468:
268:31.00500; 47.44194
190:38.48333; 39.41667
5083:Upper Mesopotamia
5035:
5034:
5014:Turkey portal
4960:Fırat (Euphrates)
4902:Mezitli (Liparis)
4819:Mediterranean Sea
4613:
4612:
4444:
4443:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4378:Mandaean New Year
4129:
4128:
4021:
4020:
4003:Political parties
3898:Foreign relations
3843:
3842:
3750:Lower Mesopotamia
3745:Upper Mesopotamia
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3478:Abbasid Caliphate
3473:Umayyad Caliphate
3382:Isin-Larsa period
3245:
3244:
3196:Ziggurat (Temple)
3171:Sumerian religion
2929:
2928:
2876:Middle Babylonian
2818:Kish civilization
2714:
2713:
2538:Lower Mesopotamia
2533:Upper Mesopotamia
2476:
2475:
2099:Jeremy A. Black,
1957:naval-history.net
1799:Bible Study Tools
1775:iranicaonline.org
1579:Geography of Iraq
1472:The Kumarbi Cycle
1284:, the capital of
1182:
1181:
840:, it is known as
838:Kurdish languages
791:
771:
748:
731:
715:Semitic languages
577:, who use it for
460:
459:
16:(Redirected from
5145:
5073:Rivers of Turkey
5023:
5022:
5012:
5011:
5010:
4756:Susurluk (Simav)
4663:
4662:
4654:Rivers of Turkey
4652:
4651:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4617:
4616:
4494:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4448:
4447:
4434:
4433:
4424:
4423:
4414:
4404:
4403:
4148:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4066:
4027:
4026:
3878:
3849:
3848:
3835:Sinjar Mountains
3825:Zagros Mountains
3765:Hamrin Mountains
3724:
3723:
3687:Mosul liberation
3660:Iraqi insurgency
3582:National Command
3571:
3407:Simurrum culture
3310:
3309:
3297:
3296:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3094:Sumerian cuisine
3084:Warfare in Sumer
3079:Economy of Sumer
2732:
2731:
2722:
2606:Fertile Crescent
2590:Sinjar Mountains
2585:Hamrin Mountains
2580:Zagros Mountains
2558:Taurus Mountains
2523:
2522:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2480:
2479:
2285:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2172:Hausleiter, A.;
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2006:
2000:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1959:. Archived from
1949:
1943:
1926:
1920:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1766:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1600:
1584:Zagros Mountains
1525:The Hidden Words
1481:. First, in the
1250:branch off (the
1201:Taurus Mountains
1168:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1106:
1087:
1086:
1069:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1009:hē Tígrēs, -ētos
1005:
1004:
988:
982:
981:
976:
970:
969:
956:
950:
949:
935:
934:
929:
923:
922:
909:
903:
902:
901:
887:Name for Tigris
881:
880:
845:
834:
824:) refers to the
823:
815:
809:
796:
786:
784:
776:
770:romanized:
769:
767:
762:Classical Syriac
759:
753:
747:romanized:
746:
744:
736:
726:
724:
712:
698:
692:
686:
680:
679:
678:
669:
660:
654:
653:
652:
643:
642:
637:
631:
630:
625:
611:
608:
510:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
446:
406:
386:
351:
341:
331:
319:
274:
273:
271:
270:
269:
264:
260:
257:
256:
255:
252:
203:
196:
195:
193:
192:
191:
186:
182:
179:
178:
177:
174:
164:
151:
102:Taurus Mountains
64:
51:Tigris river in
49:
37:
36:
21:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5068:Rivers of Syria
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5008:
5006:
4997:
4974:
4946:
4917:Berdan (Tarsus)
4813:
4774:Meriç (Maritsa)
4760:
4737:
4664:
4657:
4656:
4646:
4644:
4614:
4609:
4573:
4537:
4495:
4488:
4487:
4485:Rivers of Syria
4477:
4475:
4445:
4440:
4384:
4368:Public holidays
4291:
4142:
4125:
4064:
4034:
4017:
3876:
3856:
3839:
3770:Iraqi Kurdistan
3760:Euphrates river
3731:
3710:
3677:War (2014–2017)
3623:Operation Opera
3569:
3539:
3535:Arab Federation
3523:Kingdom of Iraq
3456:
3432:Fall of Babylon
3367:Akkadian Empire
3342:Samarra culture
3327:Hassuna culture
3304:
3291:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3246:
3241:
3200:
3154:
3128:
3037:Culture/society
3032:
2925:
2921:Muslim conquest
2891:Fall of Babylon
2822:
2723:
2710:
2594:
2512:
2507:
2477:
2472:
2426:
2357:
2286:
2277:
2248:
2243:
2183:
2181:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2033:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2007:
2003:
1997:Wayback Machine
1991:, 2 July 2014.
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1938:Wayback Machine
1927:
1923:
1917:Wayback Machine
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1883:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1723:
1719:
1692:Water Resources
1688:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1659:
1655:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1549:
1483:Book of Genesis
1411:
1379:Haider al-Abadi
1374:as well as the
1334:
1322:
1274:. According to
1260:Hawizeh Marshes
1258:), to feed the
1244:Central Marshes
1197:
1121:
1084:
899:
743:דיגלת, דיקגלת
676:
661:), itself from
650:
609:
599:
583:Assyrian Empire
508:
479:
475:
456:
444:
404:
382:
349:
339:
329:
317:
281:
267:
265:
261:
258:
253:
250:
248:
246:
245:
242:
229:
201:
189:
187:
183:
180:
175:
172:
170:
168:
167:
162:
149:
70:
55:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5151:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:Rivers of Iraq
5055:
5050:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5017:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4965:Dicle (Tigris)
4962:
4956:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4907:Efrenk (Müftü)
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4882:Alata (Sorgun)
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4823:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4804:Büyük Menderes
4801:
4799:Küçük Menderes
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4660:drainage basin
4643:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4547:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4505:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4491:drainage basin
4474:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4451:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4428:
4418:
4408:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4257:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4156:
4154:
4144:
4143:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4106:Transportation
4103:
4098:
4096:Stock Exchange
4093:
4091:Reconstruction
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4071:Infrastructure
4068:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3956:
3951:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3930:Prime Minister
3927:
3926:
3925:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3872:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3638:1991 uprisings
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Saddam Hussein
3585:
3574:
3573:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3518:Mandatory Iraq
3515:
3510:
3507:Mamluk dynasty
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:Gutian dynasty
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3306:
3305:
3293:
3292:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3217:Assyriologists
3214:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3124:List of rulers
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3013:Proto-Armenian
3010:
3005:
3000:
2998:Middle Persian
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2886:Neo-Babylonian
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2866:Old Babylonian
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2836:Early Dynastic
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2190:
2169:
2162:
2161:External links
2159:
2156:
2155:
2126:
2117:
2092:
2060:
2027:
2001:
1981:Vidal, John. "
1974:
1944:
1928:Larsen, M.T.,
1921:
1901:
1892:
1863:
1850:
1838:
1810:
1786:
1761:
1755:F. Delitzsch,
1748:
1741:
1717:
1698:(4): 380–395.
1679:
1653:
1622:
1615:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1495:Book of Daniel
1491:Garden of Eden
1460:Mount Kanzuras
1410:
1407:
1405:were at risk.
1333:
1330:
1321:
1318:
1240:Majar al-Kabir
1196:
1193:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1128:Idigna/Idigina
1117:
1111:
1110:
1093:Middle Persian
1077:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1033:
1027:
1026:
996:
990:
989:
964:
958:
957:
944:
938:
937:
917:
911:
910:
895:
889:
888:
885:
802:Middle Persian
670:, itself from
598:
595:
458:
457:
453:
452:
447:
441:
440:
407:
401:
400:
397:
393:
392:
387:
379:
378:
369:
365:
364:
360:
359:
356:
355:
352:
346:
345:
342:
336:
335:
332:
326:
325:
320:
314:
313:
310:
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
294:
293:
290:
286:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
243:
240:
237:
236:
230:
227:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
198:
197:
165:
159:
158:
152:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
132:
131:
127:
126:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
81:
77:
76:
72:
71:
65:
57:
56:
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5150:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:Border rivers
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5028:
5027:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:Asi (Orontes)
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4650:
4641:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4606:
4605:Yarmouk River
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:Nahr al-Kabir
4521:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4509:Orontes River
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4501:Mediterranean
4498:
4492:
4486:
4481:
4472:
4467:
4465:
4460:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4437:
4429:
4427:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4242:Iraqi Turkmen
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3877:(legislative)
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Syrian Desert
3808:
3806:
3805:Shatt al-Arab
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:Faw peninsula
3738:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3682:Fall of Mosul
3680:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:U.S. invasion
3653:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:Iran–Iraq War
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Buyid dynasty
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3332:Halaf culture
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Syrian Desert
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:Little Khabur
2400:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2121:
2115:, p. 220–221.
2114:
2113:0-19-926311-6
2110:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2017:on 2015-09-24
2016:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1896:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1744:
1742:0-8093-1572-6
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1618:
1616:9783319227948
1612:
1608:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:, also wrote
1521:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:Old Testament
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1338:
1329:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1272:Shatt-al-Arab
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:Shatt al-Hayy
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1010:
1002:
997:
995:
992:
991:
987:
975:
965:
963:
960:
959:
955:
945:
943:
940:
939:
928:
918:
916:
913:
912:
908:
896:
894:
891:
890:
886:
883:
882:
879:
874:
870:
865:
859:
855:
851:
847:
844:
839:
835:
833:
832:Šaṭṭ al-ʿArab
827:
819:
814:
808:
803:
798:
795:
789:
780:
775:
763:
758:
752:
740:
735:
729:
720:
716:
711:
706:
702:
697:
691:
685:
673:
668:
664:
659:
647:
636:
624:
619:
618:Ancient Greek
603:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
548:Shatt Al-Arab
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:
503:
473:
464:
454:
451:
450:Wadi Tharthar
448:
442:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:
402:
398:
394:
391:
388:
385:
380:
377:
373:
372:Shatt al-Arab
370:
366:
361:
357:
353:
347:
343:
337:
333:
327:
324:
321:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
277:
272:
244:
238:
234:
231:
225:
222:
221:Shatt al-Arab
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
199:
194:
166:
160:
156:
153:
147:
144:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
98:Source region
96:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
73:
69:
63:
58:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
5048:Tigris River
5024:
5005:
4964:
4952:Persian Gulf
4600:Banias River
4568:
4559:Balikh River
4543:Persian Gulf
4533:Nahr as-Sinn
4270:Christianity
4152:Demographics
4086:Oil reserves
4081:Oil Industry
4048:Central Bank
3944:Human rights
3870:Constitution
3815:Tigris river
3814:
3795:Persian Gulf
3503:Ottoman Iraq
3488:Qara Qoyunlu
3322:Ubaid period
3119:Royal titles
3044:Architecture
2881:Neo-Assyrian
2728:(Pre)history
2572:
2548:Persian Gulf
2245:
2182:. Retrieved
2147:. Retrieved
2138:
2129:
2120:
2100:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2072:
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2042:The Guardian
2040:
2030:
2019:. Retrieved
2015:the original
2004:
1988:The Guardian
1986:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:the original
1956:
1947:
1929:
1924:
1904:
1895:
1884:. Retrieved
1875:
1872:"Diyarbakir"
1866:
1858:
1857:E. Laroche,
1853:
1848:Genesis 2:14
1829:. Retrieved
1820:
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:
1789:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1727:
1720:
1695:
1691:
1671:. Retrieved
1656:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1605:
1598:
1538:
1523:
1520:Baháʼí Faith
1514:
1503:
1476:
1439:
1433:
1423:
1412:
1369:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1343:
1340:Batman River
1323:
1280:
1270:to form the
1252:Al-Musharrah
1229:
1198:
1107:
1096:
1088:
1013:
877:
799:
615:
591:
556:
552:Persian Gulf
522:that define
471:
469:
384:River system
376:Persian Gulf
18:Tigris River
5078:Mesopotamia
4892:Karacaoğlan
4555:Sajur River
4517:Afrin River
4426:WikiProject
4227:Marsh Arabs
4212:Circassians
3893:Foreign aid
3785:Mesopotamia
3347:Uruk period
3222:Hittitology
3212:Assyriology
3133:Archaeology
3003:Old Persian
2813:Jemdet Nasr
2363:Tributaries
2124:Daniel 10:4
2085:29 February
2053:29 February
1967:28 November
1516:Baháʼu'lláh
1487:four rivers
1432:mythology,
1387:flash flood
1294:Mesopotamia
1264:Al-Kassarah
1203:of eastern
1080:Old Persian
1046:, biblical
867:Outside of
696:*id (i)gina
646:Old Persian
610: 1860
524:Mesopotamia
422:Greater Zab
396:Tributaries
368:Progression
266: /
188: /
66:Map of the
5042:Categories
4708:Yeşilırmak
4343:Television
4323:Literature
4285:Irreligion
4260:Secularism
4197:Minorities
4065:(currency)
4058:Corruption
3903:Government
3694:Insurgency
3493:Aq Qoyunlu
3314:Chronology
3186:Divination
2896:Achaemenid
2861:Isin-Larsa
2754:Trialetian
2749:Mousterian
2736:Prehistory
2412:Little Zab
2298:Diyarbakır
2274:(1,377 km)
2246:The Tigris
2180:. Pleiades
2149:2021-02-10
2139:sunnah.com
2021:2015-11-28
1886:2019-11-10
1804:2024-07-10
1780:2024-07-10
1673:2021-09-05
1590:References
1497:, wherein
1320:Navigation
1225:Little Zab
1219:, and the
1085:𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠
936:, Ḥudāqil
826:confluence
813:Arvand Rud
807:Arvand Rud
677:𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼
651:𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠
426:Lesser Zab
297:Basin size
254:47°26′31″E
143:Lake Hazar
116:Diyarbakır
5088:Tur Abdin
4728:Kara Dere
4713:Yağlıdere
4670:Black Sea
4578:endorheic
4551:Euphrates
4363:Squatting
4328:Education
4275:Mandaeism
4244:/Turkoman
4222:Mandaeans
4207:Assyrians
4202:Armenians
4165:Languages
4053:Companies
4008:Judiciary
3918:President
3888:Elections
3883:Democracy
3729:Geography
3645:Sanctions
3563:2003–2011
3558:1968–2003
3553:1958–1968
3412:Babylonia
3059:Cuneiform
2935:Languages
2744:Acheulean
2631:Babylonia
2568:Euphrates
2518:Geography
2407:Great Zab
2333:Kadhimiya
2308:Hasankeyf
2253:Countries
1712:129706440
1440:Aranzahas
1383:Mosul Dam
1347:Mosul Dam
1306:Ctesiphon
1298:Sumerians
1268:al-Qurnah
1236:Nasiriyah
1195:Geography
1050:,
884:Language
843:Ava Mezin
788:romanized
728:romanized
723:חִדֶּקֶל
717:(compare
597:Etymology
575:Mandaeans
546:into the
544:Euphrates
528:Euphrates
309:Discharge
251:31°0′18″N
233:Al-Qurnah
176:39°25′0″E
173:38°29′0″N
5026:Category
4942:Deli Çay
4847:Kaledran
4842:Köprüçay
4837:Manavgat
4789:Bakırçay
4723:Gelevara
4406:Category
4255:Religion
4232:Persians
4116:Railways
4111:Airlines
3993:Military
3854:Politics
3830:Wildlife
3820:Umm Qasr
3650:Iraq War
3633:Gulf War
3545:Republic
3498:Safavids
3461:638–1958
3205:Academia
3159:Religion
3028:Urartian
3023:Sumerian
3008:Parthian
2943:Akkadian
2916:Sasanian
2906:Parthian
2901:Seleucid
2851:Simurrum
2841:Akkadian
2774:Khiamian
2764:Natufian
2676:Simurrum
2661:Kassites
2656:Hittites
2611:Adiabene
2262:(523 km)
2184:March 9,
2143:Archived
2107:, 2004,
2079:Archived
2074:BBC News
2047:Archived
1993:Archived
1934:Archived
1913:Archived
1880:Archived
1667:Archived
1547:See also
1466:and the
1310:Seleucia
1256:Al-Kahla
1223:and the
1115:Sumerian
1053:Ḥiddeqel
1048:חִדֶּקֶל
1043:Ḥîddéqel
1001:ἡ Τίγρης
962:Armenian
933:حُدَاقِل
893:Akkadian
822:اروندرود
734:Ḥîddéqel
705:Akkadian
672:Sumerian
593:future.
157:, Turkey
75:Location
4980:Caspian
4912:Deliçay
4877:Limonlu
4867:Babadıl
4862:Soğuksu
4743:Marmara
4678:Sakarya
4436:Commons
4353:Smoking
4318:Culture
4313:Cuisine
4296:General
4280:Yazidis
4237:Solluba
4190:Persian
4180:Kurdish
4175:Aramaic
4140:Society
4121:Tourism
4032:Economy
3780:Islands
3755:Borders
3580: (
3570:present
3505:(incl.
3417:Assyria
3362:Subartu
3302:History
3191:Prayers
3176:Deities
3140:Looting
2983:Kassite
2978:Hurrian
2973:Hittite
2963:Elamite
2958:Eblaite
2953:Aramaic
2948:Amorite
2871:Kassite
2846:Gutians
2828:History
2793:Samarra
2789:Hassuna
2759:Zarzian
2681:Subartu
2671:Mitanni
2636:Chaldea
2626:Assyria
2599:Ancient
2463:Samarra
2417:'Adhaim
2338:Baghdad
2328:Samarra
2268:(40 km)
2174:M. Roaf
1831:11 June
1553:Assyria
1456:Tašmišu
1448:Kumarbi
1444:Hittite
1442:in the
1435:Aranzah
1430:Hurrian
1426:Hittite
1403:Baghdad
1399:Samarra
1302:Nineveh
1282:Baghdad
1189:Baghdad
1174:Kurdish
1160:Turkish
1147:ܕܸܩܠܵܬܼ
1101:Persian
1075:Persian
1067:Aranzah
1061:Hurrian
1003:, -ητος
954:Diglath
942:Aramaic
907:Idiqlat
818:Persian
790::
730::
710:Idiqlat
690:Idigina
663:Elamite
579:baptism
571:Baghdad
567:Samarra
430:'Adhaim
323:Baghdad
155:Gölardı
124:Baghdad
80:Country
53:Baghdad
5093:Levant
4927:Ceyhan
4922:Seyhan
4852:Dragon
4766:Aegean
4688:Bartın
4683:Filyos
4595:Barada
4569:Tigris
4563:Khabur
4513:Karasu
4416:Portal
4358:Sports
4333:Health
4308:Cinema
4160:Iraqis
4063:Dinar
3998:Police
3800:Places
3290:topics
3018:Sutean
2993:Median
2988:Luwian
2968:Gutian
2856:Ur III
2769:Nemrik
2706:Cities
2701:Urartu
2651:Hamazi
2646:Gutium
2621:Armani
2573:Tigris
2526:Modern
2458:Badush
2422:Diyala
2387:Garzan
2383:Batman
2353:Kemune
2348:Al-Kūt
2343:Amarah
2323:Tikrit
2303:Bismil
2291:Cities
2260:Turkey
2111:
1739:
1710:
1613:
1499:Daniel
1468:Teshub
1452:Teshub
1401:, and
1395:Tikrit
1361:Geneva
1314:Lagash
1308:, and
1217:Batman
1209:Elazığ
1205:Turkey
1152:Deqlaṯ
1141:Syriac
1122:𒁇𒄘𒃼
1031:Hebrew
986:Dglatʿ
974:Tigris
968:Տիգրիս
927:Dijlah
921:دِجلَة
915:Arabic
900:𒁇𒄘𒃼
794:Dijlah
783:دِجلَة
779:Arabic
774:Deqlāṯ
757:diglāṯ
751:diqlāṯ
719:Hebrew
684:Idigna
641:Τίγρης
635:Tígrēs
629:Τίγρις
623:Tigris
569:, and
563:Tikrit
536:Turkey
532:Taurus
520:rivers
514:; see
511:-griss
472:Tigris
438:Diyala
418:Khabur
410:Garzan
399:
312:
289:Length
235:, Iraq
139:Source
112:Elazığ
108:Cities
84:Turkey
40:Tigris
4970:Hezil
4932:Payas
4887:Tömük
4872:Göksu
4809:Azmak
4794:Gediz
4779:Tunca
4733:Çoruh
4703:Terme
4585:Queiq
4348:Music
4338:Media
4265:Islam
4217:Kurds
4043:Banks
3981:Women
3775:Lakes
3568:2011–
3528:Kings
3357:Sumer
3104:Music
3054:Akitu
2911:Roman
2803:Ubaid
2798:Halaf
2696:Tukri
2691:Sumer
2686:Suhum
2666:Media
2616:Akkad
2453:Mosul
2448:Cizre
2443:Ilısu
2438:Dicle
2397:Botan
2393:Savur
2390:Göksu
2379:Hazro
2376:Pamuk
2370:Ambar
2318:Mosul
2313:Cizre
2266:Syria
1825:(PDF)
1708:S2CID
1391:Mosul
1326:Mosul
1290:Basra
1276:Pliny
1221:Great
1166:Dicle
1108:Dejle
1089:Tigrā
1037:חידקל
994:Greek
980:Դգլաթ
948:דיגלת
869:Mosul
854:Mosul
836:. In
766:ܕܩܠܬ
667:Tigra
658:Tigrā
620:form
559:Mosul
516:below
434:Cizre
414:Botan
216:Mouth
120:Mosul
88:Syria
4993:Kura
4988:Aras
4897:Tece
4857:Sini
4832:Aksu
4827:Eşen
4751:Biga
4718:Aksu
4590:Awaj
4561:and
4515:and
4248:Jews
3971:LGBT
3935:List
3923:List
3288:Iraq
3150:Tell
2808:Uruk
2641:Elam
2431:Dams
2373:Kuru
2272:Iraq
2186:2012
2109:ISBN
2087:2016
2055:2016
1969:2015
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1737:ISBN
1611:ISBN
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1454:and
1438:(or
1428:and
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