880:
54:
420:
since 923. He is regarded as an able leader who attempted reforms designed to alleviate burdens faced by the peasantry. His rule was vigorous and well-organized. However, it was also a short reign. His death from illness in 954 ended his three-year reign. His adoptive son Chai Rong (also named Guo
974:
would not mind this sacrifice. It is said that the
Emperor himself supervised the casting at the many large furnaces at the back of the palace. The coins are assigned amuletic properties and "magical powers" because they were made from Buddhist statues and are said to particularly effective in
433:, was the adoptive son of Guo Wei. Born Chai Rong, he was the son of his wife's elder brother. He ascended the throne on the death of his adoptive father in 954. His reign was also effective and was able to make some inroads in the south with
1541:
272:
247:
1536:
925:
from the year 955 (Xiande 2). Emperor
Shizong is sometimes said to have cast cash coins with the inscription Guangshun Yuanbao (simplified Chinese:
1546:
1400:
1383:
1212:
1041:
400:. Guo Wei led a successful coup against the teenage emperor and then declared himself emperor of the new Later Zhou on New Year's Day in 951.
353:
1526:
970:
for copper which would be used to manufacture cash coins. When reproached for this, the
Emperor uttered a cryptic remark to the effect that
1516:
1472:
954:
and mandated that the citizens of Later Zhou should turn in to the government all of their bronze utensils with the notable exception of
874:
1506:
1465:
1208:
357:
171:
1084:
983:
and help women going through a difficult labour. The
Chinese numismatic charms based on the Zhouyuan Tongbao often depict a
999:
and
Empress, other images on Zhouyuan Tongbao charms and amulets include depictions of Gautama Buddha, the animals of the
1071:
1458:
1388:
441:, while initially promising, were ineffective. He died an untimely death in 959 from an illness while on campaign.
1199:
1531:
904:
331:
896:
758:
538:
430:
323:
1339:
1227:
822:
369:
349:
265:
1521:
1511:
1344:
1292:
1334:
1247:
1242:
1233:
385:
365:
252:
1177:
1123:
976:
866:
213:
1421:
1378:
99:
1124:"Chinese Cast Coins – POSTERIOR ZHOU DYNASTY – AD 951–960 – Emperor SHIH TSUNG – AD 954-959"
1431:
53:
8:
1501:
1192:
888:
870:
209:
1441:
1288:
879:
663:
397:
1163:
975:
midwifery – hence the many later-made imitations which are considered to be a form of
1087:
Written on
December 9, 2012 • Last edit: June 13, 2013. Retrieved: 13 September 2018.
1067:
1012:
979:. Among these assigned powers it is said that Zhouyuan Tongbao cash coins could cure
943:(951–953), however no authentic cash coins with this inscription are known to exist.
434:
396:
came to the throne of the Later Han in 948 after the death of the founding emperor,
1373:
1368:
996:
940:
892:
308:
951:
947:
437:
against the
Southern Tang in 956. However, efforts in the north to dislodge the
1185:
1063:
1000:
984:
971:
955:
77:
1495:
1395:
1313:
1128:
By Robert
Kokotailo (Calgary Coin & Antique Gallery – Chinese Cast Coins)
1102:
Gary
Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)
454:
24:
1479:
1436:
1426:
1318:
1298:
466:
458:
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438:
393:
217:
157:
91:
20:
1097:
1363:
959:
561:
413:
381:
1036:
1273:
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950:
cash coins. They were cast from melted-down bronze statues from 3,336
465:, bringing all of the southern states into its control as well as the
1308:
1207:
988:
922:
145:
384:, served as the Assistant Military Commissioner at the court of the
1059:
992:
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486:
95:
1303:
1268:
980:
686:
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361:
133:
67:
28:
1416:
1278:
912:
339:
87:
1283:
963:
462:
457:
usurped the throne and declared himself emperor of the Great
417:
389:
290:
1085:
A reference list of 5000 years of
Chinese coinage. (Numista)
946:
The pattern of the Zhouyuan Tongbao is based on that of the
991:
as a pair on their reverse symbolising either a harmonious
967:
544:
Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign
520:
Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign
476:
314:
311:
578:
356:that controlled most of northern China during the
1542:States and territories disestablished in the 960s
1493:
1537:States and territories established in the 950s
1193:
1473:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
1158:. Harvard University Press. pp. 13, 14.
1042:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
891:attributed to the Later Zhou period are the
1200:
1186:
461:, a dynasty that would eventually reunite
375:
52:
1090:
875:List of Chinese cash coins by inscription
444:
1466:Historical Records of the Five Dynasties
878:
364:(Emperor Taizu), it was preceded by the
1547:10th-century disestablishments in China
509:年號) and their according range of years
348:) in historiography, was a short-lived
1494:
1209:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
1077:
358:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
172:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
16:Chinese ruling dynasty from 951 to 960
1181:
1054:Hartill, David (September 22, 2005).
921:) coins which were issued by Emperor
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843:
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479:Sovereigns of the Later Zhou, 951–960
1527:10th-century establishments in China
1153:
883:A Zhouyuan Tongbao (周元通寶) cash coin.
1517:Former countries in Chinese history
424:
13:
958:, Shizong also ordered a fleet of
403:
14:
1558:
1459:Old History of the Five Dynasties
453:upon his death. Soon thereafter,
1083:Numis' Numismatic Encyclopedia.
1003:, and other auspicious objects.
586:Later Zhou emperors family tree
579:Later Zhou emperors' family tree
429:Guo Rong, posthumously known as
307:
270:
245:
1507:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
421:Rong) would succeed his reign.
408:Guo Wei, posthumously known as
1116:
1048:
1030:
935:
930:
926:
917:
908:
900:
344:
335:
327:
1:
1164:"5 DYNASTIES & 10 STATES"
1018:
431:Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou
1023:
19:Not to be confused with the
7:
1006:
929:; traditional Chinese:
860:
410:Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou
183:• Dynasty established
114:
10:
1563:
1146:
977:Chinese charms and amulets
864:
449:Guo Rong was succeeded by
18:
1450:
1409:
1353:
1327:
1262:Ten Kingdoms (Ten States)
1261:
1220:
1156:Imperial China (900–1800)
791:
789:
745:
743:
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721:
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677:
655:
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633:
629:
623:
472:
286:
224:
205:
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193:• Formal abdication
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151:
139:
127:
123:
113:
105:
83:
73:
63:
51:
46:
36:
818:Chai Zongxun 柴宗训 953–973
350:Chinese imperial dynasty
1066:: Trafford Publishing.
939:) during his Guangshun
867:Ancient Chinese coinage
376:Founding of the dynasty
1422:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
1098:"Chinese coins – 中國錢幣"
884:
529:Guǎngshun (廣順) 951–954
451:his seven-year-old son
445:Fall of the Later Zhou
1532:960 disestablishments
882:
754:Chai Rong 柴榮 921–959
370:Northern Song dynasty
368:and succeeded by the
100:Chinese folk religion
74:Common languages
1357:independent entities
1154:Mote, F. W. (1999).
572:Xiǎndé (顯德) 959–960
553:Xiǎndé (顯德) 954–959
388:, a regime ruled by
352:and the last of the
58:Later Zhou territory
905:traditional Chinese
887:The only series of
871:Cash (Chinese coin)
481:
332:traditional Chinese
1522:951 establishments
1512:Dynasties of China
1410:Neighboring states
1104:. 16 November 2016
1056:Cast Chinese Coins
936:guǎng shùn yuánbǎo
897:simplified Chinese
885:
682:Guo Wei 郭威 904–954
492:Posthumous names (
477:
416:ruler of northern
324:simplified Chinese
1489:
1488:
1013:Monarchy of China
966:to trade Chinese
918:zhōuyuán tōng bǎo
855:
854:
851:
850:
819:
755:
683:
576:
575:
566:柴宗訓 Chái Zōngxùn
502:Period of reigns
366:Later Han dynasty
296:
295:
282:
281:
278:
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1554:
1432:Tibetan kingdoms
1392:
1374:Qingyuan Circuit
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1075:
1074:. Pages 113–114.
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1046:
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952:Buddhist temples
937:
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893:Zhouyuan Tongbao
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532:Xiǎndé (顯德) 954
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425:Rule of Guo Rong
412:, was the first
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1492:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1446:
1405:
1386:
1379:Jinghai Circuit
1369:Dingnan Circuit
1349:
1323:
1257:
1216:
1206:
1176:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1149:
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1021:
1009:
948:Kaiyuan Tongbao
877:
865:Main articles:
863:
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816:
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756:
752:
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684:
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673:Empress Shengmu
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662:
581:
530:
499:Personal names
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447:
427:
406:
404:Rule of Guo Wei
378:
310:
306:
301:, known as the
271:
246:
194:
187:13 February 951
184:
154:
153:• 959–960
146:Emperor Shizong
142:
141:• 954–959
130:
129:• 951–954
59:
42:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1401:Lulong Circuit
1398:
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1384:Wuping Circuit
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1221:Five Dynasties
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1072:978-1412054669
1064:United Kingdom
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1016:
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1008:
1005:
1001:Chinese zodiac
985:Chinese dragon
956:bronze mirrors
933:; pinyin:
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558:Did not exist
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485:Temple names (
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354:Five Dynasties
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1396:Guiyi Circuit
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1377:
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1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Southern Tang
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589:
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557:
556:
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547:柴榮 Chái Róng
546:
543:
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528:
525:
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519:
516:
513:
512:
508:
504:
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460:
456:
455:Zhao Kuangyin
452:
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436:
432:
422:
419:
415:
411:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
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373:
371:
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363:
360:. Founded by
359:
355:
351:
347:
341:
333:
325:
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304:
300:
292:
289:
287:Today part of
285:
269:
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266:Northern Song
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147:
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138:
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134:Emperor Taizu
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108:
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79:
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55:
50:
45:
35:
30:
26:
25:Northern Zhou
22:
1480:Wudai Huiyao
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1427:Liao dynasty
1364:Yiwu Circuit
1354:
1328:Other states
1319:Northern Han
1299:Southern Han
1252:
1167:. Retrieved
1155:
1134:13 September
1132:. Retrieved
1127:
1118:
1108:13 September
1106:. Retrieved
1101:
1092:
1079:
1055:
1050:
1040:
1032:
945:
941:period title
934:
916:
886:
856:
821:
757:
685:
531:
478:
467:Northern Han
459:Song dynasty
448:
439:Northern Han
428:
407:
394:Liu Chengyou
390:Shatuo Turks
379:
343:
302:
298:
297:
235:Succeeded by
234:
229:
218:copper coins
214:Chinese coin
210:Chinese cash
158:Emperor Gong
92:Confucianism
21:Zhou dynasty
1387: [
1228:Later Liang
667:柴守礼 896–967
664:Chai Shouli
523:郭威 Guō Weī
505:Era names (
414:Han Chinese
382:Han Chinese
380:Guo Wei, a
230:Preceded by
1502:Later Zhou
1496:Categories
1274:Former Shu
1253:Later Zhou
1238:Later Tang
1169:2006-10-08
1019:References
972:the Buddha
889:cash coins
303:Later Zhou
106:Government
1451:Histories
1309:Later Shu
1248:Later Han
1243:Later Jin
1024:Citations
989:fenghuang
962:to go to
562:恭帝 Gōngdì
435:victories
386:Later Han
253:Later Han
84:Religion
1442:Đại Việt
1355:De facto
1213:Timeline
1060:Trafford
1007:See also
993:marriage
861:Currency
569:959–960
550:954–959
526:951–954
507:Nian Hao
487:Miao Hao
469:by 979.
345:Hòu Zhōu
206:Currency
109:Monarchy
96:Buddhism
1304:Jingnan
1147:Sources
997:Emperor
995:or the
981:malaria
923:Shizong
828:959–960
764:954–959
759:Shizong
692:951–954
599:Chai 柴翁
539:Shìzōng
494:Shi Hao
362:Guo Wei
115:Emperor
68:Kaifeng
64:Capital
47:951–960
29:Wu Zhou
27:or the
1417:Balhae
1130:. 2018
1070:
1037:"Zhou"
915::
913:pinyin
907::
899::
873:, and
823:Gongdi
473:Rulers
342::
340:pinyin
334::
326::
119:
88:Taoism
23:, the
1391:]
1284:Wuyue
964:Korea
960:junks
687:Taizu
541:(世宗)
517:(太祖)
515:Tàizŭ
463:China
418:China
398:Gaozu
291:China
1437:Dali
1340:Zhao
1236:) /
1136:2018
1110:2018
1068:ISBN
987:and
968:silk
931:廣順元寶
927:广顺元宝
909:周元通寶
901:周元通宝
675:圣穆皇后
496:諡號)
489:廟號)
299:Zhou
220:etc.
38:Zhou
1345:Yan
1293:Yin
1291:/ (
1289:Min
1279:Chu
1234:Jin
1498::
1389:zh
1335:Qi
1269:Wu
1126:.
1100:.
1062:,
1058:.
1039:.
911:;
903:;
869:,
825:恭帝
761:世宗
689:太祖
392:.
372:.
338:;
336:後周
330:;
328:后周
322:;
315:oʊ
312:dʒ
216:,
212:,
98:,
94:,
90:,
1295:)
1232:(
1215:)
1211:(
1201:e
1194:t
1187:v
1172:.
1138:.
1112:.
1045:.
895:(
318:/
309:/
305:(
41:周
31:.
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