2713:
2375:
36:
764:
531:
470:, or "married men") who ventured overseas and married local women. With Albuquerque's encouragement, mixed marriages flourished and some 200 were recorded by 1604. By creating families, the Portuguese men would make more settled communities, with families whose children would be Catholic and loyal to the Crown.
663:
Since
Portuguese times, the Kristang have been living by the sea. It is still an important part of their culture. Even today, with only 10 percent of the community earning their living by fishing, many men go fishing to supplement their income or just to relax with their neighbours. Traditionally men
649:
is a thriving
Kristang community in Malacca, established in 1933 with the goal of gathering the dispersed Kristang community and preserving their culture. A simple village of poor fishermen for many decades, it has recently become a major tourist attraction. This has helped to improve the income of
296:
religious laws. These require non-Muslims intending to marry Malay-Muslims first to convert to Islam. Eurasians are not always willing to alter their religious and cultural identity in this way. In earlier centuries, Portuguese and local Malays were able to marry without such conversions, because
878:
is a major tourist attraction of
Malacca. Tourists come to observe the festivities, which are religiously based. Besides that, there are also a minority of former Kristang Christians who had rediscovered their Sephardic Jewish roots and returned to Judaism. This led to the establishment of the
725:
Kristang or
Malacca Portuguese cuisine consists of heavy local influence, with the additions of stews and the inclusion of pork and seafood in the diet, and rice is the staple food. Among the many dishes in Kristang cuisine, the most popular is
712:
dance, which is believed to have developed from the Branyo. The adoption of western music instruments and musical scales by traditional Malay and Indian orchestras suggests a strong
Portuguese influence. The most popular branyo tune,
734:), Soy Limang, Porku Tambrinyu (pork tamarind stew), Achar Pesi (fish pickle), Pang Su Si (Su Si Bun), and Sugee Cake. As is the custom, Kristang people commonly eat using their hands instead of utensils. It is similar to the
633:
descent. The government sponsored this program to help the Malays increase their participation in the national economy. The
Kristang community in Singapore is part of a larger umbrella group, known generically as the
292:, and in the early colonial years, Portuguese women did not settle in the colony. Nowadays intermarriage occurs more frequently between Kristang and people of Chinese and Indian ethnicity rather than Malay because of
287:
Scholars believe the
Kristang community originated in part from liaisons and marriages between Portuguese men (sailors, soldiers, traders, etc.) and local native women. The men came to Malacca during the
1048:
599:, and Malaysians, including themselves, often refer to the community as "Portuguese". As the Kristang language is not taught in schools, it is nearing extinction, with the exception of within the
332:
presently living in
Malaysia and Singapore. This includes people of Portuguese descent who were not part of the historical Kristang community, and people with other European ancestry, such as
730:. Other popular delicacies include Portuguese grilled fish, pineapple prawn Curry, Cari Seccu (dry curry), Caldu Pescador (Fisherman's soup), Sambal Chili Bedri (green chilli
253:
government classifies them as
Portuguese-Eurasians; in Singapore, they are primarily known as Kristang. Today, elements of Kristang culture and identity, especially the
442:
At that time, Portuguese women were barred from travelling overseas due to superstition about women on ships, as well as the substantial danger of the sea route around
2535:
1302:
Gerard
Fernandis, "Paipia, Relijang e Tradisang" (People, Religion and Tradition), The Portuguese Eurasians in Malayasia: 'Bumiquest', "A Search for Self Identity"
1248:
Gerard Fernandis, "Paipia, Relijang e Tradisang" (People, Religion and Tradition), The Portuguese Eurasians in Malayasia: 'Bumiquest', "A Search for Self Identity"
1231:
225:, the last being due to significant emigration in the second half of the twentieth century. People of this ethnicity also have, besides Malay and Portuguese,
2779:
486:
in Portugal that ended the 60-year period known as the "Union of the Crowns" (1580–1640), when the crown of Portugal was joined with the crown of Spain by
1344:
409:(White Bengalis), as the Portuguese brought to mind traders from Bengal but were more pale skinned. In the early years, the Malays called the Portuguese
490:. Almost all political contact between Portugal and Malacca ended, and a large number of people of Portuguese descent in the city were evacuated to
370:(shrimp), referring to the fact that the Portuguese Malaccans were traditionally shrimp fishermen). In the native tongue, they also call themselves
1317:
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735:
836:) is the most festive occasion of the year, when many Kristang families get together to celebrate by eating seasonal dishes, singing
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3497:
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2165:
1337:
466:. To promote settlement, the King of Portugal granted freeman status and exemption from Crown taxes to Portuguese men (known as
2459:
2145:
891:
The Portuguese ruled Malacca from 1511 to 1641. About 300 Portuguese words were adopted in the Malay language. These include:
2764:
2464:
2160:
2046:
1117:
3507:
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2131:
850:. Like many other Portuguese-speaking Catholic communities around the world, the Kristang also celebrate a string of major
514:
284:
of Malacca, the original, geographical, cultural and spiritual centre of the Malacca Portuguese identity, is Oliver Lopez.
415:
3492:
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1330:
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454:) in 1511, the Portuguese government encouraged their explorers to marry local indigenous women, under a policy set by
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560:
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785:
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289:
261:
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The Kristang community still has cultural and linguistic continuities with today's Portugal, especially with the
234:
165:
3409:
2511:
2294:
789:
646:
605:
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281:
509:
Even after Portugal lost Malacca in 1641, the Kristang community largely preserved its traditions, practicing
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272:
or leader of the community worldwide and in Singapore is the Kristang Singaporean science fiction writer and
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2642:
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the Nazarene). A story was recorded that the Portuguese landing party inadvertently insulted the Malaccan
229:
ancestry due to intermarriages, which is common among the Kristang. In addition, due to persecution by the
3218:
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2875:
2310:
1162:
157:
595:
region, from where many early settlers emigrated. The Kristang continue to hold some church services in
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1063:
491:
483:
625:
groups. However, they have been given the privilege to apply to be members of a trust scheme known as
3414:
3019:
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436:
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774:
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1471:
778:
545:
265:
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1247:
982:
635:
447:
329:
1109:
Linguistics, Literature and Culture: Millennium Realities and Innovative Practices in Asia
325:) is Kristang for "wardrobe"; the Malay language incorporated these Kristang words whole.
8:
3247:
3149:
2858:
2749:
2692:
2687:
2674:
2623:
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1536:
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1024:
875:
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of flowers on his head, and he had them detained. In 1511, a Portuguese fleet came from
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Humanistic & Secular Jews Build Communities and Congregations Worldwide: Malaysia
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863:
630:
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186:
99:
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2833:
2737:
2443:
2438:
2180:
2175:
2060:
1833:
1736:
1573:
1494:
1383:
1000:
855:
727:
463:
432:
337:
210:
103:
1979:
1204:
3198:
2840:
2613:
2394:
2279:
2258:
2243:
2239:
2006:
1962:
1927:
1848:
1731:
1546:
1504:
1461:
1436:
1265:
1235:
1166:
1018:
747:
391:
around the turn of the 16th century. It eventually was controlled as part of the
387:
Malacca was a major destination in the great wave of sea expeditions launched by
355:
1318:
As Malacca loses Kristang, Singapore group seeks to revive 500-year-old language
245:) between the 16th and 17th centuries, when the city was a port and base of the
3154:
3098:
3081:
2075:
2018:
1918:
1883:
1853:
1808:
1781:
1746:
1657:
1578:
1556:
1431:
1411:
991:
592:
487:
479:
198:
178:
153:
124:
107:
40:
A group of Kristang people performing a traditional dance in Malacca, Malaysia.
2214:
3481:
3404:
3399:
3122:
3113:
3108:
2678:
2085:
2080:
2070:
1984:
1969:
1937:
1878:
1858:
1813:
1791:
1741:
1667:
1650:
1541:
1509:
1446:
1028:
837:
202:
1322:
3372:
2065:
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1952:
1947:
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1888:
1823:
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1566:
1489:
871:
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401:
333:
226:
194:
120:
69:
177:(otherwise known as "Portuguese-Eurasians" or "Malacca Portuguese") are a
3394:
3304:
3193:
3187:
3159:
3076:
2828:
2811:
2802:
2112:
1838:
1786:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1583:
1530:
1009:
1004:
883:(KCCJ) in 2010 which is no longer in operation due to political reasons.
510:
482:
nation took Malacca from the Portuguese in 1641. This coincided with the
132:
3239:
2389:
2106:
1998:
1974:
1942:
1818:
1640:
1615:
1602:
1363:
703:
395:. The first Portuguese expedition to reach Malacca landed in 1507. The
293:
3419:
3258:
2634:
3252:
3224:
3130:
3093:
3030:
1932:
1828:
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headquarters, as war captives, where they settled in an area called "
222:
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149:
82:
78:
3350:
763:
530:
35:
3339:
3331:
3203:
2408:
2374:
1908:
717:, is regarded as the unofficial "anthem" for Portuguese Eurasians.
502:". Portuguese trade relations with the former colonial outpost of
451:
388:
273:
250:
242:
237:
assimilated into the Kristang community. The creole group arose in
214:
61:
3299:
3377:
3344:
3324:
3309:
3277:
3271:
3103:
2552:
1913:
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846:
750:
and Christian first names, while their surnames were Portuguese.
459:
428:
136:
128:
65:
3263:
3175:
297:
religious laws were not enforced. Today, the Malay language, or
2413:
2194:
1957:
1893:
1709:
1699:
1694:
1674:
1228:
Julian Wong, "When Exactly Can You Call a Eurasian a ‘Grago’?"
1021:- ethnic group from Macau usually with some Portuguese ancestry
731:
699:
690:
677:
666:
622:
424:
301:, has changed to incorporate many Kristang words. For example,
258:
73:
1254:, 2000, Sciences Politiques - Bordeaux, accessed 12 June 2009.
1157:
3317:
3284:
3086:
1898:
1870:
1721:
1526:
1514:
1499:
708:
513:
and using the Portuguese language within the community. Some
503:
420:
86:
1138:
Ministry of Culture, Community & Youth of Singapore Kaya
1106:
Manan, Shakila Abdul; Rahim, Hajar Abdul (5 December 2012).
1067:
328:
The name "Kristang" is sometimes incorrectly used for other
3211:
886:
517:
were also absorbed into the community during this time.
257:, which is classified as critically endangered by the
1263:
1180:"#AMoT24: Kevin Martens Wong, The Voice Of A People"
702:, descends from the southern Portuguese folk dance
688:Kristang traditional music and dance, such as the
1205:"Book A Writer / Our Writers: Kevin Martens Wong"
612:The Kristang people in Malaysia do not have full
3479:
2496:List of Malaysian sportspeople of Indian origin
698:are descendants of Portuguese folk dances. The
2491:List of Malaysian politicians of Indian origin
1169:, Joan Marbeck Website, accessed 12 June 2009.
629:. This is a privilege shared by Malaysians of
3046:
2650:
2357:
1352:
1338:
1159:Language Is the Soul of our Kristang Heritage
1092:Rotterdam – 91 Day Far East Cruise: Volume 2
3425:Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories
792:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
706:, and can be easily mistaken for the Malay
559:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
446:. Following the Portuguese colonization of
343:The name comes from the Portuguese creole
3053:
3039:
2657:
2643:
2364:
2350:
1345:
1331:
1105:
736:Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia
638:community. Some members have emigrated to
405:) noted that the Malays first called them
382:
330:people of mixed European and Asian descent
1172:
812:Learn how and when to remove this message
579:Learn how and when to remove this message
358:for the Malacca Portuguese community was
2189:
2099:
1126:
680:-poled shrimp net through the shallows.
264:, are currently undergoing cultural and
2664:
746:The Kristang people traditionally used
3480:
3060:
1308:, 2000, Sciences Politiques - Bordeaux
1257:
887:Portuguese influence on Malay language
276:Kevin Martens Wong, while the current
16:Ethnic group of Malaysia and Singapore
3034:
2638:
2345:
1326:
1088:
473:
3518:Malaysian people of Kristang descent
1134:"Keepsakes of the Kristang Heritage"
790:adding citations to reliable sources
757:
557:adding citations to reliable sources
524:
506:(China) have continued to this day.
268:in both Malaysia and Singapore. The
185:ethnic group of people of primarily
56:Regions with significant populations
874:, on 29 June. The June festival of
854:at the end of June, beginning with
413:(a Malay contraction of the Arabic
213:ancestry. They are based mostly in
13:
3523:Malaysian people of Indian descent
1267:East of Bali: From Lombok to Timor
683:
618:status, a status which applies to
14:
3534:
1295:
1112:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
824:In general the Kristang practice
520:
478:A powerful sea power, the rising
2711:
2373:
1264:Müller, K.; Pickell, D. (1997).
1089:Dubov, Kalman (2 January 2022).
1049:"People, Culture & Politics"
879:Kristang Community for Cultural
762:
529:
262:Red Book of Endangered Languages
34:
1241:
3498:European diaspora in Singapore
3410:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
1222:
1197:
1151:
1099:
1082:
1055:
1041:
862:) on 24 June and closing with
435:to free the landing party and
347:(Christian), derived from the
290:age of Portuguese explorations
1:
3368:Cherokee freedmen controversy
1034:
642:over the past three decades.
313:) is Kristang for "fork" and
28:Jenti Kristang / Orang Serani
2011:Peranakan Eropah (including
233:in the region, a lot of the
7:
3508:Portuguese diaspora in Asia
3503:Multiracial affairs in Asia
2460:Malaysian Indians in Penang
976:
753:
366:(slang term for Portuguese
10:
3539:
3441:Contemporary ethnic groups
2465:Malaysian Indians in Sabah
720:
658:
653:
484:Portuguese Restoration War
377:
193:descent, with substantial
3493:Ethnic groups in Malaysia
3459:
3433:
3360:
3069:
3002:
2897:
2874:
2800:
2720:
2709:
2673:
2596:
2558:Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur
2545:
2517:Hindu temples in Malaysia
2504:
2486:List of Malaysian Indians
2478:
2452:
2401:
2386:
2223:
2205:
2125:
2040:
1997:
1869:
1762:
1614:
1601:
1480:
1397:
1382:
1371:
1360:
1354:Ethnic groups in Malaysia
1270:. Periplus. p. 217.
650:the Kristang population.
147:
142:
118:
113:
98:
93:
60:
55:
50:
45:
33:
2522:Malaysian Indian cuisine
1427:Negeri Sembilanese Malay
1003:- ethnic group from the
741:
640:Perth, Western Australia
515:Dutch (crypto-)Catholics
496:Dutch East India Company
3513:Immigration to Malaysia
1495:Christmas Island Malays
664:fish from small wooden
419:, meaning followers of
383:Portuguese colonization
266:language revitalisation
2527:Malaysian Tamil cinema
2402:Ethnolinguistic groups
2395:Person of India Origin
627:Amanah Saham Bumiputra
231:Portuguese Inquisition
2597:Related ethnic groups
2573:Little India, Malacca
647:Portuguese Settlement
601:Portuguese Settlement
456:Afonso de Albuquerque
282:Portuguese Settlement
241:(part of present-day
143:Related ethnic groups
3388:Interracial marriage
3383:Interethnic marriage
3165:Eurasian Singaporean
2588:Sentul, Kuala Lumpur
2578:Little India, Penang
2265:China/Taiwan Chinese
1027:- Ethnic group from
1012:- ethnic group from
994:- ethnic group from
985:- ethnic group from
983:Anglo-Burmese people
786:improve this section
670:, or by pushing the
553:improve this section
374:(Christian people).
2765:Trinidad and Tobago
2624:Indians in Thailand
2619:Indian Singaporeans
2563:Dhoby Ghaut, Penang
2225:Foreign ethnicities
1608:Indigenous peoples)
1234:25 May 2021 at the
1165:28 May 2009 at the
1025:Bombay East Indians
870:), the fishermen's
844:, and revelling in
606:Ujong Pasir Malacca
494:(now Jakarta), the
158:Portuguese diaspora
30:
3467:Race of the future
3451:luk khrueng people
2609:Indian Indonesians
2568:Little India, Ipoh
2470:Indians in Sarawak
2429:Malaysian Malayali
2424:Malaysian Gujarati
2166:Indians in Sarawak
1457:Terengganuan Malay
1312:"Penang Eurasians"
1070:on 27 October 2010
876:St. John's village
474:The Dutch takeover
280:or Headman of the
24:
3475:
3474:
3028:
3027:
2632:
2631:
2583:Paya Besar, Kedah
2434:Malaysian Punjabi
2380:Malaysian Indians
2339:
2338:
2201:
2200:
2121:
2120:
2091:Penangite Chinese
2036:
2035:
1993:
1992:
1597:
1596:
1452:Selangorian Malay
1417:Kelantanese Malay
1119:978-1-4438-4396-6
826:Roman Catholicism
822:
821:
814:
589:
588:
581:
444:Cape of Good Hope
393:Portuguese Empire
255:Kristang language
247:Portuguese Empire
171:
170:
29:
3530:
3170:Filipino Mestizo
3055:
3048:
3041:
3032:
3031:
2715:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2604:Bruneian Indians
2444:Tamil Malaysians
2439:Malaysian Telugu
2378:
2377:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2195:Peranakan Chitty
2187:
2186:
2161:Indians in Sabah
2146:Penangite Indian
2097:
2096:
1612:
1611:
1472:Sarawakian Malay
1395:
1394:
1380:
1379:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1261:
1255:
1245:
1239:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1209:Sing Lit Station
1201:
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1144:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1066:. Archived from
1059:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1001:Filipino mestizo
817:
810:
806:
803:
797:
766:
758:
676:, a traditional
584:
577:
573:
570:
564:
533:
525:
46:Total population
38:
31:
27:
23:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3488:Kristang people
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3455:
3429:
3356:
3065:
3059:
3029:
3024:
2998:
2893:
2870:
2796:
2716:
2707:
2669:
2663:
2633:
2628:
2614:Indian Filipino
2592:
2541:
2500:
2479:Notable peoples
2474:
2448:
2419:Kristang people
2397:
2393:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2340:
2335:
2226:
2219:
2208:(non-Peranakan)
2207:
2197:
2185:
2129:
2117:
2095:
2044:
2032:
2029:Peranakan Turki
1989:
1865:
1758:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1593:
1476:
1432:Penangite Malay
1386:
1367:
1356:
1351:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1262:
1258:
1246:
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1236:Wayback Machine
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1167:Wayback Machine
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1104:
1100:
1095:. Kalman Dubov.
1087:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1019:Macanese people
979:
889:
818:
807:
801:
798:
783:
767:
756:
744:
723:
686:
684:Music and dance
661:
656:
585:
574:
568:
565:
550:
534:
523:
476:
437:conquer Malacca
385:
380:
356:derogatory term
235:Jews of Malacca
81:
77:
41:
26:
25:Kristang people
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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3335:
3328:
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3288:
3281:
3269:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3229:
3228:
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3215:
3208:
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3201:
3196:
3191:
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3142:
3141:
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3125:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3099:Cape Coloureds
3091:
3084:
3082:Amazonian Jews
3079:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2987:United Kingdom
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2920:Czech Republic
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2871:
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2867:
2866:
2861:
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2848:
2843:
2838:
2837:
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2831:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2808:
2806:
2798:
2797:
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2782:
2777:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
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2740:
2730:
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2722:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2671:
2670:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2546:Ethnic enclave
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2499:
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2262:
2252:
2247:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2206:Mixed ancestry
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2107:Peranakan Cina
2103:
2101:
2094:
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2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
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2033:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:Peranakan Siam
2021:
2019:Jawi Peranakan
2016:
2009:
2007:Peranakan Arab
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
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1579:Burmese Malays
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1524:
1523:
1522:
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1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1462:Bruneian Malay
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1442:Perlisan Malay
1439:
1437:Perakian Malay
1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:Malaccan Malay
1419:
1414:
1409:
1407:Johorean Malay
1403:
1401:
1392:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:, Penang Story
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3145:Anglo-Burmese
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2693:Guinea-Bissau
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2679:Luso-Africans
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2109:(Baba-Nyonya)
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1029:Mumbai, India
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771:This section
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538:This section
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440:
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427:by placing a
426:
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418:
417:
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408:
407:Bengali Puteh
404:
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373:
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350:
346:
341:
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316:
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304:
300:
299:Bahasa Melayu
295:
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283:
279:
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263:
260:
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3373:Ethnogenesis
3349:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3264:
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3238:
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3181:
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3150:Anglo-Indian
3135:
3087:
2845:
2703:South Africa
2418:
2388:
2321:Singaporeans
2227:/expatriates
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1953:Orang Sungai
1490:Cocos Malays
1481:
1447:Pahang Malay
1398:
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1305:
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1266:
1259:
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1068:the original
1057:
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959:
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949:
945:
939:
935:
929:
925:
919:
915:
909:
905:
899:
895:
890:
872:patron saint
867:
859:
852:Saints' days
845:
841:
833:
823:
808:
799:
784:Please help
772:
745:
724:
715:Jingkli Nona
714:
707:
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671:
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662:
644:
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613:
611:
604:
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575:
566:
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539:
508:
500:Kampung Tugu
477:
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414:
410:
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402:Malay Annals
400:
396:
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371:
367:
363:
359:
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344:
342:
327:
322:
314:
310:
302:
298:
286:
277:
269:
249:. Today the
174:
172:
127:), minority
121:Christianity
70:Kuala Lumpur
21:Ethnic group
18:
3395:Melting pot
3305:Mixed-blood
3194:Luso-Asians
3188:Luk khrueng
3062:Multiracial
3020:New Zealand
2960:Netherlands
2876:Middle East
2803:Luso-Asians
2250:Bangladeshi
2113:Sino-Native
1646:Orang Kuala
1636:Orang Kanaq
1626:Proto-Malay
1552:Minangkabau
1531:Bugis-Malay
1482:Anak Dagang
1064:"Worldwide"
1010:Indo people
1005:Philippines
511:Catholicism
133:Sunni Islam
3482:Categories
3160:Dutch Indo
3127:Eurasians
3077:Afro-Asian
2955:Luxembourg
2855:Sri Lanka
2780:New Jersey
2698:Mozambique
2666:Portuguese
2512:Cathedrals
2390:Malaysians
2331:Vietnamese
2285:Indonesian
2171:Sri Lankan
1975:Sama-Bajau
1943:Lun Bawang
1819:Lun Bawang
1752:Semaq Beri
1641:Orang Laut
1616:Peninsular
1603:Orang Asal
1520:Mandailing
1374:Bumiputera
1364:Malaysians
1184:August Man
1074:4 December
1035:References
952:, church);
942:, cheese);
932:, butter);
912:, school);
748:Portuguese
728:Cari Debal
704:Corridinho
696:Farrapeira
620:indigenous
597:Portuguese
349:Portuguese
319:Portuguese
307:Portuguese
294:endogamous
187:Portuguese
183:indigenous
162:Bumiputera
148:Eurasian,
3446:Diasporas
3253:Melungeon
3219:Hùnxuě'ér
3131:Amerasian
3094:Coloureds
3010:Australia
2834:Mardijker
2824:Indonesia
2792:Venezuela
2728:Argentina
2453:By states
2316:Pakistani
2215:Chindians
2190:Peranakan
2100:Peranakan
2071:Hainanese
2061:Cantonese
2026:(Sam-Sam)
1999:Peranakan
1904:Mangka'ak
1799:Orang Ulu
1737:Cheq Wong
1574:Sundanese
1542:Baweanese
1510:Banjarese
1399:Anak Jati
1306:Lusotopie
1252:Lusotopie
1014:Indonesia
996:Sri Lanka
868:San Pedro
864:St. Peter
860:San Juang
830:Christmas
773:does not
673:langgiang
615:bumiputra
540:does not
251:Malaysian
223:Australia
219:Singapore
150:Mardijker
94:Languages
83:Australia
79:Singapore
3460:See also
3340:Quadroon
3332:mameluco
3240:caiçaras
3225:Chindian
3204:Topasses
3199:Macanese
3182:Kristang
2977:Slovenia
2864:Mestiços
2859:Burghers
2851:Pakistan
2846:Malaysia
2760:Suriname
2721:Americas
2668:diaspora
2409:Chindian
2302:(former)
2295:Japanese
2275:Filipino
2259:Rohingya
2244:Hadhrami
2156:Malayali
2141:Gujarati
2013:Kristang
1963:Tambanuo
1909:Maragang
1732:Mah Meri
1618:Malaysia
1547:Makassar
1537:Javanese
1505:Acehnese
1232:Archived
1163:Archived
977:See also
930:manteiga
922:, flag);
920:bandeira
856:St. John
754:Religion
694:and the
636:Eurasian
452:Malaysia
389:Portugal
345:Kristang
274:linguist
243:Malaysia
215:Malaysia
175:Kristang
114:Religion
62:Malaysia
3420:Plaçage
3415:Passing
3378:Exogamy
3361:History
3345:Sacatra
3325:caboclo
3311:mulatos
3278:castizo
3272:Mestizo
3259:mestiço
3248:Marabou
3233:juçaras
3155:Burgher
3137:Bụi đời
3109:Griquas
3104:Basters
3003:Oceania
2945:Iceland
2940:Germany
2930:Finland
2925:Denmark
2915:Croatia
2910:Belgium
2905:Austria
2787:Uruguay
2505:Culture
2290:Iranian
2255:Burmese
2235:African
2151:Punjabi
2086:Henghua
2081:Foochow
2076:Teochew
2056:Hokkien
2042:Chinese
1938:Illanun
1919:Rumanau
1914:Minokok
1884:Kadazan
1854:Melanau
1845:Others
1809:Kelabit
1782:Bukitan
1777:Bidayuh
1764:Sarawak
1747:Jah Hut
1705:Mendriq
1658:Semelai
1589:Siamese
1557:Kerinci
1467:Kedayan
1283:2 March
1214:21 June
1189:21 June
1143:21 June
987:Myanmar
926:mentega
916:bendera
906:sekolah
902:, car);
900:carreta
881:Judaism
847:saudadi
842:branyok
794:removed
779:sources
721:Cuisine
667:perahus
659:Fishing
654:Culture
561:removed
546:sources
492:Batavia
468:casados
460:Viceroy
458:, then
448:Malacca
429:garland
416:Nasrani
378:History
368:camarão
352:Cristão
338:British
323:armário
278:Regedor
239:Malacca
207:Chinese
199:British
137:Secular
129:Judaism
104:English
66:Malacca
3351:sarará
3292:coyote
3265:ainoko
3123:Dougla
3114:Oorlam
3088:cafuzo
3064:topics
3015:Hawaii
2982:Sweden
2972:Norway
2935:France
2898:Europe
2889:Turkey
2884:Israel
2801:Asia (
2775:Hawaii
2755:Mexico
2750:Guyana
2745:Canada
2738:Pardos
2733:Brazil
2688:Angola
2675:Africa
2414:Chitty
2311:Nepali
2306:Korean
2300:Jewish
2280:Indian
2181:Telugu
2127:Indian
1985:Tidong
1970:Rungus
1958:Dumpas
1933:Ida'an
1928:Bisaya
1894:Kwijau
1859:Miriek
1849:Bisaya
1834:Sa'ban
1814:Kenyah
1792:Selako
1742:Temiar
1710:Mintil
1700:Kintaq
1695:Kensiu
1675:Semang
1668:Temuan
1606:(Other
1274:
1116:
970:ananás
968:(from
958:(from
950:igreja
948:(from
946:gereja
940:queijo
938:(from
928:(from
918:(from
910:escola
908:(from
898:(from
896:kereta
838:carols
732:sambal
700:Branyo
691:Branyo
678:bamboo
623:ethnic
425:sultan
411:Serani
364:Gragok
315:almari
270:Kabesa
259:UNESCO
211:Indian
203:Jewish
179:creole
135:, and
74:Penang
51:37,000
3434:Lists
3318:pardo
3300:Métis
3285:cholo
3070:Terms
2841:Macau
2812:India
2176:Tamil
2066:Hakka
1980:Suluk
1948:Murut
1899:Lotud
1889:Dusun
1871:Sabah
1829:Punan
1824:Penan
1804:Kayan
1772:Dayak
1727:Semai
1722:Senoi
1690:Jahai
1685:Lanoh
1680:Batek
1663:Temoq
1631:Jakun
1527:Bugis
1515:Batak
1500:Chams
1384:Malay
966:nanas
834:Natal
742:Names
709:Joget
593:Minho
504:Macau
480:Dutch
464:India
433:India
421:Jesus
360:Grago
334:Dutch
311:garfo
303:garfu
227:Dutch
195:Dutch
191:Malay
108:Malay
87:Perth
3212:Hapa
3176:Hāfu
2992:Jews
2965:Jews
2829:Indo
2817:Jews
2536:List
2326:Thai
2240:Arab
2132:list
2047:list
1839:Ukit
1787:Iban
1567:Rawa
1389:list
1285:2015
1272:ISBN
1216:2024
1191:2024
1145:2024
1114:ISBN
1076:2010
960:mesa
956:meja
936:keju
840:and
777:any
775:cite
645:The
631:Thai
544:any
542:cite
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