443:. It is the upper part of the instrument. In the "kifal", the tuning keys are wedged, the "otia" (ears), which are T-shaped (usually) and the strings are tied to them, which, after crossing the whole instrument, end up in the tailpiece ("palikar"), a wooden component in the shape of an elongated inverted triangle, located at the bottom, on which the lower ends of the strings are attached. The three strings are attached to the bridge ("donkey"), a component that carries three incisions - notches to keep the strings stable. Inside the lyre, a piece of wood, the soundpost, is wedged. The sides of the instrument are flat and are called "magla" (cheeks). The neck ("goula") is the point at which the lyre player holds the instrument. The sound comes from two curved or straight soundholes, the "rothonia" (nostrils), and through holes in their ends, on the lid and on the side. A typical lyre has: two holes on each side, four holes in the soundboard (two at the top and two at the bottom) and one at each end of the soundholes.
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The most common material for the construction of the body, the pegbox and the neck of the instrument is the one-piece plum wood, as well as mulberry, walnut, cedar, acacia, etc., while the soundboard is made of pine or fir wood. Traditionally, plum wood is considered the best. According to tradition,
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The three single strings of the
Pontian lyre until 1920 were made of silk and produced a nice melodic but low sound. Alternatively, the two highest were made of silk and the third was made of gut. The two highest strings were thinner than the third. Today the strings are metal, either two strings of
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The bow is a separate tool and necessary for the use of the instrument. Its name comes from the arc created by its fibers. It is a long wooden instrument, about 50 to 60 cm long, that has two sides, the front side has a bundle of fibers that end at its ends. The fibers passing from one end end
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When using the instrument, the
Pontian lyre player "plays" the lyre either standing or sitting. It is played in the downright position, either by resting it on the knee when sitting, or held in front of the player when standing.The lyre always has a slight tilt to the left. Although in the
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traditional musical instrument. It belongs to the category of stringed bowed musical instruments. It has three strings, usually tuned to perfect fourths, usually tuned B-E-A. It is the pre-eminent musical folk instrument of the Greeks of Pontus. It seems to have been invented during the
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The
Pontian lyre seems to have been created between the 11th and 12th centuries, when Pontus was part of the Byzantine Empire, while the name "Kemenche" first appeared in the 10th century. According to Pavlos Hairopoulos, it was created by the Greeks of Pontus themselves.
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the growth rings of the soundboard wood, if they are dense, perform the fine frequencies better, while if they are dilute the lower ones. Usually, the densest rings are placed on the highest string.
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Notes from a speech by V. Architektonidis, Founder and
Director of the Palladium Conservatory of Athens, on: "The importance of the Pontian lyre in our cultural heritage" Argyroupoli 2005.
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pear-shaped lyre of Crete, the
Dodecanese, and Thrace the strings are pressed with the nail, in the bottle-shaped Pontian Lyre they are pressed with the core of the fingers, as in the
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The
Kemenche is distinguished by the uniqueness of its bottle-shaped form with a long neck and an oblong body. The pegbox is teardrop-shaped and is called "kifal" (Head) in the
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at the other where they are tied there with leather. This point, which is cylindrical, is held with the dominant hand of the player and pressed with the middle finger
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which basically means horse tail violin. Similar and variant types were probably disseminated along east–west trading routes from Asia into the Middle East, and the
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During Jean, At ‘Ayan Robert, Spector
Johanna, Qassim Hassan Scheherazade, Morris R. Conway, «Kamancheh», Grove Music Online – Oxford Music Online
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Margaret J. Kartomi: On
Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 1990
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Margaret J. Kartomi: On
Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology,
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The lowest string is named "kapan" and the highest one "zil", and so do the respective types of the instrument.
177:. Might be an instrument of Scythians. Also Circassian people of Caucasus region has the same instrument named
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The direct ancestor of all
European bowed instruments (Perhaps including the Kemençe, too) is the
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530:, Silk Road Story 2: Bowed Instruments, Smithsonian Center for Folk life and Cultural Heritage
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equal thickness and one thinner, or two strings of equal thickness and one covered with wire.
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Hedwig Usbeck: "Türklerde Musıki Aletleri", Musıki Mecmuası, no. 235 - 243, 1968 - 1969.
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The Pontian lyre is tuned in perfect fourths. There are three different ways to play:
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The fibers of the bow are male horse tail hairs (Mare hairs tend to be worn by her
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The earliest stringed instruments were mostly plucked (for example, the Greek
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The tune is played on the lowest string, with the next being used as a drone.
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The tune is played on the highest string, with the next being used as a drone
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The stringed instruments of the Middle Ages, their evolution and development
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cultures of Central Asia, in forms closely resembling the modern-day
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An article about Pontic kemenche from famous virtuoso Th. Petrides
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Rauf Yekta: Türk Musikisi (çev: Orhan Nasuhioğlu), İstanbul, 1986.
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Laurence Picken: Folk Musical Instruments of Turkey, Londra, 1975.
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Asuman Onaran: Kemençe Seslerinin Armonik Analizi, İstanbul, 1959.
155:). Two-stringed, bowed instruments, played upright and strung and
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695:Η λύρα. Η εξέλιξη από την αρχαία εποχή ως σήμερα σ' όλο τον κόσμο
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The NPR Classical Music Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z
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Curt Sachs: The History of Musical Instruments, New York, 1940.
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The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments: Londra, 1984.
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754:. Vol. 1. Paris: Librairie Générale des Arts Decoratifs.
697:. Θεσσαλονίκη: Εκδοτικός Οίκος Αδελφών Κυριακίδη. p. 30.
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Traditional Pontic dances accompanied by the Pontic lyra
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Young Pontian kemenche player in Trabzon, 1910 postcard
765:. 2 Cilt (2 Volumes). Heyamola Yayıncılık. İstanbul.
143:. The instrument is made of different types of wood.
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159:with horsehair, may have originated in the nomadic
528:The Silk Road: Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust
824:Archive of the Union of Pontians of Argyroupolis.
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821:Folklore Museum of the Municipality of Elliniko.
750:Grillet, Laurent (1901). Schmid, Charles (ed.).
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736:. Diss. Goldsmiths, University of London, 2007.
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761:(2005). Karadeniz: Ansiklopedik Sözlük
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663:. London: William Reeves. p. 434.
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734:The Pontic lyra in contemporary Greece
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717:. Αθήνα: Μέλισσα. pp. 271–276.
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467:The first two strings play the tune
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283:Place for hand (same as the body)
197:(ربابة), which developed into the
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1960:Pontic Greek musical instruments
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715:Ελληνικά Λαϊκά Μουσικά Όργανα
713:Ανωγειανάκης, Φοίβος (1991).
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19:For homonym instruments, see
693:Χαιρόπουλος, Παύλος (1994).
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1851:Turkish musical instruments
1530:Turkish musical instruments
777:University of Chicago Press
630:"Lira | musical instrument"
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323:Ses delikleri, Rothonia
70:Kemençe of the Black Sea
1950:Laz musical instruments
1861:Ottoman classical music
863:Lyra (kemenche) Lessons
635:Encyclopedia Britannica
608:Encyclopedia Britannica
550:Hoffman, Miles (1997).
16:Bowed string instrument
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540:(accessed 2008-09-26)
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294:Bed, Slabbering bib
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359:Stalward Young Man
135:years, between the
78:Karadeniz kemençesi
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1566:Rebab/Kabak kemane
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794:2012-04-03 at the
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86:Ποντιακή λύρα
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1955:Necked lutes
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1561:Yaylı tanbur
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1368:Greek dances
1225:Askomandoura
1117:
838:kondes.tr.gg
759:Özhan Öztürk
751:
744:Bibliography
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639:. Retrieved
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583:, p. 29
581:Grillet 1901
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372:Gövde, Soma
261:Kulak, Otia
207:
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69:
67:
1780:Cura nagara
1764:instruments
1747:Kargı Düdük
1742:Dilli düdük
1722:Dilli kaval
1707:Turkish ney
1664:instruments
1571:Sine kemanı
1540:instruments
1118:Pontic lyra
1113:Cretan lyra
1053:Water organ
848:kemence.com
402:Can direği
298:Fingerboard
264:Fist, Ears
179:Shikepshine
93:Pontic lyre
1934:Categories
1762:Percussion
1302:Idiophones
1283:Tambourine
1269:Percussion
1035:Percussion
515:References
409:Sound post
405:Life post
330:Soundholes
314:Soundboard
247:Top, Head
230:Part Name
168:Morin huur
161:equestrian
103:(ჭილილი),
1727:Dilli ney
1363:Nisiotika
1309:Koudounia
1288:Toubeleki
1235:Tsampouna
1184:Tambouras
1020:Pan flute
978:Epigonion
411:(inside)
363:Tailpiece
236:Function
165:Mongolian
133:Byzantine
1918:Category
1844:See also
1830:Castanet
1737:Tárogató
1662:Woodwind
1341:See also
1260:Souravli
1245:Karamuza
1240:Floghera
1205:Santouri
1189:Thaboura
1179:Psaltery
1169:Mandolin
1149:Bouzouki
1071:Medieval
1048:Crotalum
1043:Cochilia
993:Trigonon
960:Phorminx
945:Barbiton
792:Archived
659:(1939).
534:Archived
422:Strings
384:mulberry
356:Palikar
233:Meaning
170:and the
105:Armenian
50:stringed
21:Kemenche
1800:Naqareh
1795:Darbuka
1687:Dankiyo
1629:Shahrud
1619:Baglama
1319:Trigono
1293:Tympano
1255:Mantura
1250:Lalitsa
1164:Mandola
1142:Plucked
1083:Organon
1058:Sistrum
1025:Salpinx
988:Sambuca
983:Magadis
955:Kithara
927:Pandura
911:Ancient
868:kemence
641:6 April
614:6 April
603:"Rabab"
494:Playing
447:Strings
426:Strings
392:juniper
348:(pine)
128:Turkish
122:) is a
74:Turkish
60:321.322
1815:Nagara
1775:Bendir
1752:Miskal
1652:Santur
1599:Cümbüş
1538:String
1488:Violin
1483:Kemane
1456:Ghaval
1447:Zourna
1426:Daouli
1314:Stamna
1198:Struck
1174:Oudola
1159:Laouto
1154:Guitar
1099:String
1092:Modern
950:Chelys
919:String
779:, 1990
769:
667:
564:
509:violin
456:Tuning
388:walnut
378:Body (
346:Bridge
310:Cover
307:Kapak
190:Arabic
172:Kazakh
116:Pontic
112:Qamani
109:քամանի
101:Çilili
1835:Spoon
1810:Kudüm
1790:Davul
1717:Sipsi
1712:Kaval
1697:Çifte
1692:Gaida
1682:Karkm
1677:Tulum
1672:Zurna
1644:Mugni
1639:Lavta
1624:Komuz
1604:Ahenk
1579:Kanun
1452:Tulum
1324:Zilia
1230:Gaida
1106:Bowed
1015:Aulos
488:urine
375:Body
280:Neck
203:rebec
194:rebab
175:Kobyz
157:bowed
124:Greek
82:Greek
1825:Zill
1614:Cura
1584:Çeng
1473:Lyra
1430:Masa
1218:Wind
1007:Wind
970:Harp
937:Lyre
767:ISBN
665:ISBN
643:2019
616:2019
562:ISBN
380:plum
268:Pegs
153:lyre
139:and
137:11th
126:and
120:lyra
68:The
1805:Kus
1785:Daf
1732:Mey
1702:Ney
1634:Rud
1609:Saz
1478:Oud
490:.)
478:Bow
416:11
399:10
251:Peg
97:Laz
91:or
1936::
1594:Ud
723:^
703:^
632:.
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889:t
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673:.
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72:(
23:.
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