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songs called "Khoosloh" to heal the mother camel's stress and encourage her to re-adopt her calf. While re-adoption in animal husbandry practice is widely used in various nomadic civilizations worldwide, uniquely for
Mongolian Gobi herders, only this instrument is used with camels. If a mother camel dies after giving birth to a calf, the herder would use this Khoosloh technique alongside Morin Khuur melodies to encourage another mother camel who has her own calf to adopt the new one. The practice is well documented in the documentary called
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824:), Engl. "University of Arts and Culture". Here, students enter in adult age for obtaining a bachelor's degree after 2 years and a master's degree after 5 years of musical education. After the master's degree, the students are considered to be professional musicians, and can play at one of the state ensembles or later become a teacher at the SUIS.
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direction changes, the right hand moves a little bit in advance to the opposite direction to avoid scratchy sounds and for achieving a better voice. When pushing the bow the hand closes a little bit in direction of a fist, when pulling it the hand opens - nearly to a right angle between the arm and the fingers.
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During the winter time, but also at the beginning of the spring time, a morin khuur player is called in for the "жавар үргээх", the "ceremony for scaring away the frost". In general, many traditional pieces are played, divided in the different styles: "уртын дуу", "urtiin duu" (long song), "магтаал",
805:
On the contemporary Morin Khuur the deep string is placed at the right side and the high string is placed at the left side, seen from the front of the instrument. The Igil has the opposite placement of strings, so a player has to adapt in order to play pieces made for the other one. For contemporary
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Nearly all of the
Mongolian style pieces are in F minor, and often the instrument is tuned 1-2 notes lower for coming closer to the tunes used in the deep past. The instruments in the pre-socialist era of Mongolia were usually covered with skin, which mostly doesn't allow the Bb and F tune - usually
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Some parts of the bowing technique is unique - the little and the ring finger of the right hand usually touch the bow hair, which is used for setting accents. The other two fingers maintain a slight pressure on the strings. A common technique with other string instruments is the "Kist". When the bow
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wooden-framed sound box to which two strings are attached. It is held nearly upright with the sound box in the musician's lap or between the musician's legs. The strings are made from hairs from nylon or horses' tails, strung parallel, and run over a wooden bridge on the body up a long neck, past a
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A beginner-grade morin khuur typically features a pine top with birch or laminated back and sides. In contrast, player-grade morin khuur is crafted from higher quality tonewoods, such as spruce for the top and birch for the back and sides. Some instruments, particularly those intended for classical
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The morin khuur is the national instrument in
Mongolia. Many festivals are held for celebrating the importance of this instrument on the Mongolian culture, like the biannual "International Morin Huur Festival and Competition", which is organized by the "World Morinhuur Association". First held in
540:
Another legend credits the invention of the morin khuur to a boy named Sükhe (or Suho). After a wicked lord slew the boy's prized white horse, the horse's spirit came to Sükhe in a dream and instructed him to make an instrument from the horse's body, so the two could still be together and neither
536:
One legend about the origin of the morin khuur is that a shepherd named Namjil the Cuckoo (or Khuhuu Namjil) received the gift of a flying horse; he would mount it at night and fly to meet his beloved. A jealous woman had the horse's wings cut off so that the horse fell from the air and died. The
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In the
Mongolian Gobi herder's daily life, the Morin Khuur has another important use. When a mother camel gives birth to a calf, sometimes she rejects her calf due to various natural stress situations. Mongolian camel herders use Morin Khuur-based melodies alongside special low-harmonic types of
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The modern standard height is 1.15 m (3 ft 9 in); the distance between the upper bridge and the lower bridge is about 60 cm (24 in), but the upper bridge especially can be adapted to match smaller player's fingers. The sound box usually has a depth of 8–9 cm
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2008, second in 2010 - with 8 participating countries (Mongolia, Korea, China, Russia, USA, Germany, France, Japan) - and planned for May 2012. Here, many amateurs come and play freestyle pieces, but also a professional contest is held and an instrument making competition.
497:) last for up to 2 years, but only if prepared and placed properly on the instrument. Most beginners don't comb the strings, then the sound quality worsens quickly. Good strings nearly sound like steel strings, and in spectrograms they show about 7-8 harmonics.
488:. When horsehair is used, the luthiers prefer to use the hair of white stallions. In general the quality of a horse hair string depends on its preparation, the climate conditions and the nutrition of the animals. That gives a wide area of quality differences.
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480:(3.1–3.5 in); the width of the soundbox is about 20 cm (7.9 in) at the top and 25 cm (9.8 in) at the bottom. Good quality instruments can achieve a strength of 85 dBA, which allows it to be played (if desired) even in
833:). Accepting students who are not older than 10 years old for the morin khuur class at the conservatory and since September 2017, the conservatory has been offering a Bachelor of Music and a Master of Music in Morin Khuur Performance degree.
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The fourth style, the "биелгее" is rarely played in these ceremonies, but in western
Mongolia it is common for accompanying "tatlaga dancing" in 3 times - like a waltz, but with dance movements imitating daily tasks of a nomad's family.
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On the national festival "Naadam" praise songs are played for the most magnificent horse and for the highest ranked wrestler and archer. The songs are called "Magtaal" and accompanied by a unique style of praise and morin khuur.
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749:", the ability to automatically adapt the finger position when a note wasn't hit properly. The main goal is to achieve a "clear" sound, that means no change in volume or frequency is desired. That depends on three main facts:
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apart, usually to B-flat and F. The strings are stopped either by pinching them in the joints of the index and middle fingers, or by pinching them between the nail of the little finger and the pad of the ring finger.
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During June, the "Roaring Hooves" festival is held. This is a small festival for professional skilled players - but unfortunately a closed festival. These recordings are often shown in TV reports later.
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would be lonely. So the first morin khuur was assembled, with horse bones as its neck, horsehair strings, horse skin covering its wooden soundbox, and its scroll carved into the shape of a horse head.
508:. In addition, the Inner Mongolian instruments have mostly mechanics for tightening the strings, where Mongolian luthiers mostly use traditional ebony or rosewood pegs in a slightly conic shape. In
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or cedar wood resin, and is held from underneath with the right hand. The underhand grip enables the hand to tighten the loose hair of the bow, allowing very fine control of the instrument's
604:(Serbia, Croatia & Albania) is a very similar instrument, and may indicate this is an extremely ancient instrument perhaps even dating back to the outward migration of people out of the
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strings a musician must memorize. The idea is that without moving the string hand too much the sound quality improves. The 2nd hand position on the B string is used to play C, D, E
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The instrument can be used for playing western style classical music, or
Mongolian style pieces. The primary education is to learn the scales, to train the ear for achieving the "
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skin, in which case a small opening would be left in the back. However, since the 1970s, new completely wooden sound box instruments have appeared, with carved
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have combined heavy metal and rock music with traditional
Mongolian lyrical themes and instruments, including the morin khuur; some of these bands include
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Because of its standard tune to Bb and F mostly western music is transposed for being played in one of the four most common scales: F major, F minor, B
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Also many amateur players acquired reasonable skills by taking lessons from private teachers, or being taught by their parents or other relatives.
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grieving shepherd made a horsehead fiddle from the now-wingless horse's skin and tail hair and used it to play poignant songs about his horse.
694:, then moves a little bit for hitting the F' with the little finger, then without moving the G position can be reached with the 1st finger.
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842:). Here several qualification courses are available. Graduates from this school mostly become teachers or enter the SUIS.
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second smaller bridge, to the two tuning pegs in the scroll, which is usually carved into the form of a horse's head.
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667:. The little finger tips the B strings under the F string, while all other fingers touch the strings from the top.
381:. Usually it is abbreviated as "Морин хуур", Latin transcription "Morin huur". In western Mongolia it is known as
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1108:
Pegg, Carole (2003) Mongolian Music, Dance, and Oral
Narrative: Recovering Performance Traditions (with audio CD)
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some 40,000 years ago. Often these instruments are depicted with a goat head instead of a horse in Europe.
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878:"magtaal" (praise songs) and "татлага", "tatlaga" (solo pieces, mostly imitating horses or camels).
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Mongolian culture, introduction into the principles of
Mongolian lyrics and to Mongolian folk songs
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Many
Mongolians have the instrument in their home because it is a symbol for peace and happiness.
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major. When used as a solo instrument the Morin Huur is often tuned a half tone higher or lower.
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tend to have larger bodies and thus possess more volume than the smaller-bodied instruments of
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A number of folk metal and folk rock bands from Mongolia and the Chinese autonomous region of
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string with the thumb to get a C, and use the ring finger under the F string to achieve the D
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Melodies are usually played from F to F' on the F string, then the player switches to the B
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Marsh, Peter K. (2004). Horse-Head Fiddle and the Cosmopolitan Reimagination of Mongolia.
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444:'s tail. Nowadays the strings are made of nylon. Traditionally, the strings were tuned a
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332:, and is considered a symbol of the nation of Mongolia. The morin khuur is one of the
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Santaro, Mikhail (1999). Морин Хуур - Хялгасны эзэрхийгч, available in cyrillic (
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the index finger hits on the low (F) string the G, the middle finger hits the G
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Luvsannorov, Erdenechimeg (2003) Морин Хуурын арга билгийн арванхоёр эгшиглэн,
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639:. That means, the distance between two fingers usually make the distance of a
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728:', F", B", also often players accompanying the F' on the F string with an F"
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Morin khuur vary in form depending on region. Instruments from central
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The larger of the two strings (the "male" string) has 130 hairs from a
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directed by Badraa J. in 1986 and was also remade in 2003 by director
682:. There are 3 hand positions on the F string, and 2 positions on the B
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music, use maple for the back and sides to produce a brighter sound.
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The modern style Morin Khuur is played with nearly natural finger
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Playing Chuurqin (solo 5:58~15:37) (accompaniment 15:37~18:49)
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In Mongolia, the morin khuur can be learned at three schools:
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328:. It is one of the most important musical instruments of the
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Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
1041:"Asia-Pacific Database on Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH)"
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Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella
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apart, though in modern music they are more often tuned a
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1165:
Mu. Burenchugula's Harchin epic «Manggusuyin Wulige'er» (
643:
on the lower section of the instrument. On the tune F / B
440:'s tail, while the "female" string has 105 hairs from a
913:
Animal psychological healing use by Gobi Desert farmers
312:
425:
The bow is loosely strung with horse hair coated with
1156:(seems a variant, but not the Xinagan Chuur variant)
552:
possess similar horse hair instruments (such as the
512:, the morin khuur is sometimes used in place of the
716:
is used, so the scale ranges from F to F'. On the B
1169:) played with a Morin huur's Chuur method playing
4618:
181:"Buyant Altai Khairkhan" (Altai Khairkhan, 2000)
4175:UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
837:
828:
819:
492:
348:In Mongolian, the instrument is usually called
27:Traditional Mongolian bowed stringed instrument
4159:
2558:
1938:
1196:
1134:Mongolian culture, including the morin khuur.
1160:The relation between Morin huur and Chuurqin
783:" are generally not used on the Morin Huur.
397:)—while in eastern Mongolia it is known as
393:—not to be confused with the similar Tuvan
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4152:
3548:Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia
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1945:
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1203:
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759:constant sound after bow direction changes
753:finger force used for touching the strings
722:strings several harmonics are available: B
472:similar to European stringed instruments.
1005:. www.silkroadproject.org. Archived from
491:Quality nylon strings (Khalkh Mongolian:
456:Traditionally, the frame is covered with
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
853:
619:
523:
43:This article includes a list of general
3552:Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia
1954:Traditional Chinese musical instruments
858:Mongolian musicians play the morin khur
14:
4619:
4147:
2546:
1926:
1210:
1184:
959:List of Mongolian musical instruments
849:
806:teaching the modern style is in use.
354:
615:
221:Traditional music of the Morin Khuur
29:
3607:La Mare de Déu de la Salut Festival
2574:UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage
763:As variation are usually used the "
229:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
24:
3499:Baltic song and dance celebrations
1087:) and classical Mongolian script (
697:It is also possible to touch the B
544:The fact that most of the eastern
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
4663:
1119:
676:string and continues with G, A, B
377:is Морин толгойтой хуур) meaning
4605:
3885:Violins craftsmanship of Cremona
3572:Dancing procession of Echternach
3270:Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals
3063:Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut
2709:
2663:Sega tambour of Rodrigues Island
1357:
836:The culture school of the SUIS (
712:On the F strings only the first
185:
108:
34:
4094:South Pacific Colombian marimba
3895:Wooden toys of Hrvatsko Zagorje
1062:
412:
3809:Petrykivka decorative painting
3621:French timber framing scribing
2658:Ritual dance of the royal drum
1033:
1020:
995:
976:
929:The Story of the Weeping Camel
827:Mongolian State Conservatory (
771:". Other techniques like the "
581:, and migrated to what is now
13:
1:
4637:Mongolian musical instruments
4064:Popayán Holy Week processions
3557:Copper craftsmanship of Lahij
1030:, 1991, Auvidis-UNESCO D 8207
969:
417:The instrument consists of a
3946:Carnaval de Negros y Blancos
3814:Procession of the Holy Blood
2853:Baul tradition of Bangladesh
983:Монгол ардын хөгжмийн зэмсэг
809:
366:name for the morin khuur is
205:More articles or information
7:
4652:Mongolian traditional music
4252:Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão
4192:Albanian folk iso-polyphony
3951:Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão
1395:Historical cities and towns
1332:Mongolian People's Republic
1028:Mongolia: Traditional Music
942:
732:at the F' position on the B
631:performing in Paris (2005).
313:
10:
4668:
4021:Indigenous Day of the Dead
2576:: Representative List
992:. Accessed 23 April 2010.
926:with a different title of
821:соёлын урлагын их сургууль
379:fiddle with a horse's head
195:The sound of a morin khuur
4642:Tuvan musical instruments
4603:
4182:
3926:
3917:
3728:Moldovan Christmas Carols
3690:Lithuanian cross crafting
3612:Festivity of Saint Blaise
3456:
3447:
3380:Tugging rituals and games
3128:Ladkah Buddhist chantings
2988:Gangneung Danoje Festival
2802:
2795:
2725:
2718:
2707:
2588:
2581:
2509:
2459:
2443:
2407:
2386:
2350:
2343:
2308:
2277:
2256:
2225:
2214:
2189:
2033:
1967:
1960:
1889:
1793:
1708:
1699:
1644:
1635:
1521:
1512:
1375:
1366:
1355:
1222:
1132:Embassy of Mongolia Seoul
1126:Mongolian art and culture
838:
830:Монгол Улсын Консерватори
829:
820:
519:
493:
406:
390:
326:bowed stringed instrument
302:
279:
271:
266:
256:
246:
236:
225:
220:
209:
204:
174:
169:
150:
143:
131:
127:Шоор (Shoor), Икил (Ikil)
123:
116:
107:
4627:Bowed string instruments
4347:Georgian vocal polyphony
3931:Carnaval de Barranquilla
3824:Sauna culture in Finland
3630:Georgian vocal polyphony
3310:Royal ballet of Cambodia
2697:Zambian Makishi Festival
2673:Ugandan barkcloth making
1572:Administrative divisions
1262:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
802:tuned 2-4 notes deeper.
4089:San Basilio de Palenque
3103:Koshikijima no Toshidon
2928:Chinese shadow puppetry
2692:Zafimaniry woodcrafting
1128:traditional instruments
932:which was nominated in
343:
138:Bowed string instrument
64:more precise citations.
3986:Danza de los Voladores
3981:Dancing Devils of Yare
3603:Falles of the Pyrenees
3461:Albanian iso-polyphony
3375:Thathera utensil craft
3320:Royal Ancestral Ritual
2923:Chinese seal engraving
2908:Chinese block printing
2735:Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah
1826:Goyol Fashion Festival
1616:Chief of General Staff
939:for Best Documentary.
859:
839:СУИСы, соёлын сургууль
632:
573:), though not western
533:
368:morin toloğay’ta quğur
4567:The Song of the Sibyl
3976:Costa Rican oxherding
3860:The Song of the Sibyl
3763:Mystery Play of Elche
3578:Daredevils of Sassoun
2963:Durga Puja in Kolkata
2918:Chinese paper cutting
2678:Vimbuza healing dance
1587:Third neighbor policy
1287:Northern Yuan dynasty
1167:legend of the monster
857:
623:
527:
317:), also known as the
4217:Ashiqs of Azerbaijan
3865:Suiti Cultural Space
3466:Ashiqs of Azerbaijan
3355:Songkran in Thailand
3260:Oku-noto no Aenokoto
2953:Dragon Boat Festival
2903:Chinese architecture
2778:Taghribat Bani Hilal
1846:Traditional medicine
1565:Constitutional Court
1407:Environmental issues
1237:Prehistoric Mongolia
1154:Chuur huur folk song
261:Asia and the Pacific
3655:Karagöz and Hacivat
3562:Croatian lacemaking
3158:Manipuri Sankirtana
2913:Chinese calligraphy
2633:Kamablon re-roofing
1531:State Great Khural
1322:Soviet intervention
756:pressure of the bow
625:Sambuugiin Pürevjav
602:Southeastern Europe
370:, (which in modern
364:Classical Mongolian
359:or "horse fiddle".
356:[mɔrinxʊːr]
321:, is a traditional
267:Inscription history
145:Related instruments
104:
3747:Mediterranean diet
3528:Carnival of Binche
3483:Azerbaijani carpet
3163:Mangal Shobhajatra
2968:Epic of King Gesar
2821:Akiu no Taue Odori
2763:Palestinian hikaye
1770:List of Mongolians
1677:Telecommunications
1317:Chinese occupation
1174:2019-12-07 at the
1149:A typical Chuurqin
1026:CD booklet notes,
988:2011-07-22 at the
860:
850:Cultural influence
633:
534:
275:2008 (3rd session)
92:
4614:
4613:
4262:Dainichido Bugaku
4141:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4026:Kallawaya culture
3956:Carnaval de Oruro
3913:
3912:
3829:Semeiskie culture
3478:Aubusson tapestry
3443:
3442:
3178:Mibu no Hana Taue
3038:Hitachi Furyumono
2943:Dainichido Bugaku
2791:
2790:
2705:
2704:
2653:Mbende Jerusarema
2540:
2539:
2505:
2504:
2304:
2303:
2210:
2209:
1920:
1919:
1885:
1884:
1695:
1694:
1631:
1630:
1623:Political parties
1582:Foreign relations
1508:
1507:
1114:978-0-295-98112-3
954:Music of Mongolia
949:Batzorig Vaanchig
924:Byambasuren Davaa
616:Playing technique
548:neighbors of the
311:
289:
288:
216:
215:
211:Music of Mongolia
190:
118:String instrument
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4659:
4609:
4542:Slovácko Verbuňk
4412:Khorasan Bakhshi
4277:Cante Alentejano
4168:
4161:
4154:
4145:
4144:
4104:Taquile textiles
4001:Garifuna culture
3991:Danza de tijeras
3924:
3923:
3849:Slovácko Verbuňk
3724:Makishi Festival
3640:Houtem Jaarmarkt
3518:Cante Alentejano
3454:
3453:
3148:Longquan celadon
3033:Hayachine Kagura
2958:Drametse Ngacham
2800:
2799:
2796:Asia and Pacific
2723:
2722:
2713:
2628:Ijele Masquerade
2603:Garifuna culture
2586:
2585:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2544:
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2223:
2222:
1965:
1964:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1924:
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1905:
1898:
1872:
1871:(New Year's Day)
1859:
1811:
1738:Southern Mongols
1706:
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1257:Rouran Khaganate
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579:Mongolian Steppe
496:
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319:horsehead fiddle
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60:this article by
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4477:Ojkanje singing
4377:Jongmyo Jereyak
4297:Cremona violins
4282:Cantonese opera
4257:Byzantine music
4222:Azerbaijani tar
4178:
4172:
4142:
4133:
4039:Maroon Heritage
4031:Mexican cuisine
3966:Círio de Nazaré
3919:
3909:
3635:Horezu ceramics
3543:Christmas Tsars
3495:Azerbaijani tar
3449:
3439:
3390:Vedic chantings
3053:Indonesian kris
2878:Cantonese opera
2868:Boysun District
2787:
2783:Tan-Tan Moussem
2714:
2701:
2608:Afounkaha Gbofe
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1775:Sex trafficking
1765:Public holidays
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1606:Law enforcement
1550:
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1362:
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1349:Modern Mongolia
1344:1990 Revolution
1327:1921 Revolution
1307:1911 Revolution
1297:Dzungar Khanate
1272:Medieval tribes
1218:
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1176:Wayback Machine
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494:сатуркан хялгас
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4547:Song of Sana'a
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4342:Garifuna music
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4287:Cantu a tenore
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4247:Bistritsa Babi
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4129:Záparo culture
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4119:Wajãpi culture
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4109:Tumba francesa
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4054:Peña de Bernal
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4006:Gióng Festival
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3890:Wajãpi culture
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3880:Turkish coffee
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3804:Opera dei Pupi
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3345:Sekishu-Banshi
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3208:Namsadang Nori
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2998:Gióng Festival
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2773:Song of Sana'a
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411:
345:
342:
336:identified by
287:
286:
285:Representative
283:
277:
276:
273:
269:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
226:
223:
222:
214:
213:
207:
206:
202:
201:
194:
184:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
172:
171:
167:
166:
148:
147:
141:
140:
135:
133:Classification
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
114:
113:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4664:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4608:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:Samba de roda
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4387:Istrian scale
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:Hudhud chants
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:Beijing opera
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4187:Aka polyphony
4185:
4184:
4181:
4176:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4157:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:Samba de Roda
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3920:Latin America
3918:Caribbean and
3916:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Kihnu culture
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Istrian scale
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3450:North America
3446:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Sada Shin Noh
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Hudhud Chants
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:Darangen Epic
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Beijing opera
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Bakhshi music
2841:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Jemaa el-Fnaa
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2598:Chopi timbila
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2307:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2213:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:Silk (string)
1959:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Horse culture
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:Supreme Court
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Mongol Empire
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:Proto-Mongols
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:99929-56-87-9
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:7-80506-802-X
1090:
1086:
1085:99929-5-015-3
1082:
1078:
1075:
1074:0-415-97156-X
1071:
1067:
1066:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1009:on 2013-10-19
1008:
1004:
1003:"Morin khuur"
998:
991:
987:
984:
979:
975:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
940:
938:
937:Academy Award
935:
931:
930:
925:
921:
910:
909:, and Uuhai.
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
879:
875:
872:
868:
864:
856:
847:
835:
826:
817:
816:
815:
807:
803:
799:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
758:
755:
752:
751:
750:
748:
747:muscle memory
743:
739:
731:
715:
710:
695:
668:
642:
638:
630:
626:
622:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
569:
565:
562:
558:
555:
551:
547:
542:
538:
531:
528:Morin khuur,
526:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
489:
487:
483:
477:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
423:
420:
410:
404:
400:
396:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
365:
360:
357:
353:
352:
341:
339:
335:
331:
330:Mongol people
327:
324:
320:
315:
309:
300:
296:
295:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
262:
259:
255:
252:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
231:
230:
224:
219:
212:
208:
203:
182:
173:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
106:
103:Möring qughur
95:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4597:Xoan singing
4587:Wayang kulit
4537:Silbo Gomero
4446:
4352:Gong culture
4207:Arabic maqam
4079:Rabinal Achí
4036:Moore Town's
3844:Sinjska alka
3839:Silbo Gomero
3769:Nestinarstvo
3761:
3752:Mesir Macunu
3576:
3430:Yūki-tsumugi
3415:Yeondeunghoe
3335:Sand drawing
3265:Pencak silat
3182:
3088:Katta Ashula
3003:Gong culture
2618:Gule Wamkulu
2120:
1869:Tsagaan Sar
1803:Architecture
1760:Prostitution
1713:Demographics
1594:Human rights
1533:(parliament)
1526:Constitution
1337:World War II
1312:Bogd Khanate
1282:Yuan dynasty
1267:Liao dynasty
1166:
1063:Bibliography
1048:. Retrieved
1044:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1011:. Retrieved
1007:the original
997:
978:
927:
920:Ingen Egshig
919:
916:
884:
880:
876:
873:
869:
865:
861:
845:
813:
804:
800:
785:
762:
744:
740:
711:
696:
669:
634:
610:Central Asia
598:gusle/lahuta
595:
543:
539:
535:
499:
490:
478:
474:
455:
435:
424:
416:
413:Construction
398:
382:
378:
367:
361:
350:
349:
347:
318:
293:
292:
290:
227:
170:Sound sample
93:
76:
67:
48:
4647:Spike lutes
4592:Xi'an guyue
4582:Vedic chant
4447:Morin khuur
4407:Koodiyattam
4382:Iraqi Maqam
4074:Quyllurit'i
3784:Azerbaijani
3774:Nijemo Kolo
3705:Lefkaritika
3695:Kvevri wine
3420:Yeongsanjae
3330:Saman dance
3315:Regong arts
3248:Uzbekistani
3188:Mosie ramie
3183:Morin khuur
3168:Mazu belief
3123:Koodiyattam
3028:Hansan Mosi
3018:Guqin music
2938:Daimokutate
2898:Chhau dance
2811:Moxibustion
2807:Acupuncture
2753:Iraqi maqam
2742:culture at
2719:Arab States
2046:Daguangxian
1649:Agriculture
1549:Government
1434:Gobi Desert
1390:Ulaanbaatar
1138:Music Tales
767:" and the "
606:Middle East
419:trapeziform
351:morin khuur
314:morin khuur
294:morin khuur
272:Inscription
124:Other names
62:introducing
4621:Categories
4557:Sutartinės
4552:Sosso Bala
4532:Shashmaqam
4527:Seto Leelo
4417:Kumi odori
4227:Baul music
4069:Pütchipü'ü
4044:Panama hat
3870:Sutartinės
3834:Seto leelo
3448:Europe and
3405:Xuan paper
3385:Urtiin Duu
3350:Shiraz rug
3138:Lenj boats
3108:Kumbh Mela
3083:Kashan rug
3008:Grand Song
2933:Daemokjang
2893:Cheoyongmu
2888:Chakkirako
2816:Ainu dance
2768:Shashmaqam
2668:Sosso Bala
2344:Percussion
2312:(woodwind)
2218:(woodwind)
1858:(festival)
1836:Literature
1671:(currency)
1556:Judiciary
1292:Four Oirat
1050:5 February
1013:2010-04-24
970:References
891:Altan Urag
818:The SUIS (
781:Martellato
779:" or the "
591:Kyrgyzstan
587:Kazakhstan
482:mezzoforte
303:морин хуур
94:Морин хуур
70:April 2021
45:references
18:Morin huur
4577:Vallenato
4432:Long song
4392:Kgal Laox
4114:Vallenato
4049:Parachico
4016:Huaconada
4011:Harakmbut
3900:Za križen
3680:Kırkpınar
3660:Kelaghayi
3508:Busójárás
3365:Taekkyeon
3340:Sbek Toch
3255:Nuad Thai
3113:Kumiodori
2638:Kankurang
2593:Aka music
2420:Fangxiang
2415:Bianzhong
2320:Hulusheng
2101:Jing erhu
2066:Diyingehu
1975:Duxianqin
1808:Biyelgee
1745:Education
1659:Companies
1577:Elections
1551:(cabinet)
1539:President
1461:Mountains
1439:Grassland
1368:Geography
1302:Qing rule
810:Education
777:Pizzicato
773:Col legno
641:half tone
637:positions
571:Kyl kyyak
566:, or the
486:crescendo
403:Mongolian
387:Mongolian
362:The full
323:Mongolian
308:romanized
299:Mongolian
247:Reference
152:Byzaanchy
4512:Rebetiko
4467:Nhã nhạc
4272:Candombe
4242:Biyelgee
4197:Angklung
3941:Candombe
3905:Zvončari
3853:Turkish
3719:Kraljice
3700:La Patum
3670:Khachkar
3617:Flamenco
3599:Falconry
3513:Călușari
3410:Yamahoko
3223:Nhã nhạc
3193:Mudiyett
3153:Mak yong
3133:Lakalaka
3078:Kalbelia
2831:Angklung
2748:Wadi Rum
2477:Bolanggu
2394:Bianqing
2296:Mangtong
2121:Matouqin
1912:Category
1864:Religion
1755:Language
1611:Military
1514:Politics
1449:Khövsgöl
1232:Timeline
1216:articles
1212:Mongolia
1172:Archived
986:Archived
943:See also
795:♭
792:Major, E
789:♭
775:", the "
738:string.
735:♭
730:overtone
725:♭
719:♭
714:harmonic
706:♯
700:♭
691:♭
685:♭
679:♭
673:♭
664:♯
658:♯
652:♯
646:♭
502:Mongolia
438:stallion
375:cyrillic
241:Mongolia
4562:Táncház
4492:Quan họ
4487:Pirekua
4482:Pansori
4442:Meshrep
4397:Khuumii
4237:Bigwala
4232:Bećarac
4212:Arirang
4177:: Music
4059:Pirekua
3961:Ceviche
3875:Táncház
3799:Olonkho
3794:Ojkanje
3788:Turkish
3710:Licitar
3538:Chovgan
3533:Castell
3503:Bećarac
3488:weaving
3370:Ta'zīye
3360:Ssireum
3300:Ramlila
3290:Quan họ
3285:Pungmul
3275:Pansori
3218:Naqqāli
3173:Meshrep
3098:Khoomei
3068:Jultagi
3058:Jamdani
3023:Haenyeo
2993:Gimjang
2873:Bunraku
2863:Bokator
2837:Arirang
2730:Ahellil
2527:Lusheng
2522:Kouxian
2243:Paixiao
2197:Yangqin
2181:Zhuiqin
2171:Zhonghu
2161:Yazheng
2015:Sanxian
1990:Konghou
1985:Guzheng
1968:Plucked
1896:Outline
1856:Naadam
1821:Cuisine
1810:(dance)
1795:Culture
1728:Buryats
1723:Khalkha
1718:Mongols
1701:Society
1682:Tourism
1669:Tögrög
1654:Banking
1637:Economy
1493:Selenga
1476:Khentii
1471:Khangai
1422:Mammals
1402:Climate
1380:Borders
1252:Xianbei
1247:Xiongnu
1224:History
964:Topshur
903:Hanggai
769:vibrato
550:Mongols
470:f-holes
310::
237:Country
58:improve
4507:Reggae
4472:Nongak
4462:Nanyin
4452:Mugham
4437:Maloya
4367:Hua'er
4332:Gagaku
4327:Fujara
4312:Eshuva
4292:Ca trù
4124:Yaokwa
3971:Cocolo
3855:Sohbet
3779:Nowruz
3757:Mugham
3742:Meddah
3732:Maloya
3715:Ljelje
3665:Keşkek
3625:Fujara
3435:Yunjin
3395:Wayang
3305:Ramman
3280:Pinisi
3243:Afghan
3238:Nowruz
3213:Nanyin
3203:Naadam
3073:Kabuki
3043:Hua'er
2973:Gagaku
2883:Ca trù
2683:Yaaral
2613:Gẹlẹdẹ
2582:Africa
2510:Others
2497:Zhangu
2492:Tanggu
2435:Yunluo
2368:Paiban
2325:Hulusi
2226:Flutes
2216:Bamboo
2190:Struck
2176:Zhuihu
2126:Maguhu
2116:Leiqin
2111:Laruan
2106:Jinghu
2096:Jiaohu
2076:Erxian
2056:Datong
2025:Yueqin
2005:Qinqin
1995:Liuqin
1816:Cinema
1750:Health
1733:Oirats
1498:Orkhon
1488:Rivers
1385:Cities
1214:
1112:
1102:
1091:
1083:
1072:
907:the Hu
765:accent
661:, D, D
575:Turkic
568:Kyrgyz
561:Kazakh
559:, the
546:Turkic
520:Origin
450:fourth
431:timbre
372:Khalkh
338:UNESCO
257:Region
47:, but
4502:Radif
4457:Muqam
4427:Lhamo
4422:Kunqu
4402:Klapa
4362:Gwoka
4357:Guqin
4337:Gagok
4322:Frevo
4307:Duduk
4302:Doina
4099:Tango
3996:Frevo
3737:Manas
3685:Klapa
3589:Duduk
3584:Doina
3567:Daina
3471:Ashik
3295:Radif
3198:Muqam
3143:Lhamo
3118:Kunqu
3013:Guqin
2978:Gagok
2848:Batik
2744:Petra
2687:Degal
2487:Paigu
2482:Jiegu
2472:Bangu
2408:Metal
2387:Stone
2358:Guban
2330:Sheng
2310:Gourd
2283:pipes
2279:Free-
2269:Suona
2257:Oboes
2238:Koudi
2166:Xiqin
2141:Tiqin
2131:Sanhu
2091:Huqin
2081:Gaohu
2041:Banhu
2034:Bowed
1980:Guqin
1903:Index
1877:Sport
1851:Music
1841:Media
1780:Women
1466:Altai
1444:Lakes
1429:Flora
1417:Birds
1412:Fauna
600:from
564:kobyz
554:Tuvan
466:sheep
464:, or
458:camel
446:fifth
427:larch
399:shoor
251:00068
164:Kobyz
160:Gusle
100:ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷ
98:ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ
4517:Sama
4317:Fado
4202:Aqyn
3819:Sama
3594:Fado
3550:and
3425:Yoga
3233:Nora
3093:Khon
2826:Akyn
2809:and
2746:and
2740:Bedu
2685:and
2517:Gudi
2460:Hide
2444:Clay
2425:Gong
2399:Qing
2363:Muyu
2351:Wood
2291:Bawu
2281:reed
2264:Guan
2248:Xiao
2233:Dizi
2156:Yehu
2151:Tuhu
2146:Tihu
2136:Sihu
2086:Gehu
2071:Erhu
2061:Dihu
2051:Dahu
2010:Ruan
2000:Pipa
1599:LGBT
1110:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1052:2019
934:2005
608:and
596:The
589:and
583:Tuva
557:igil
514:igil
510:Tuva
462:goat
442:mare
407:Шоор
395:igil
391:икил
383:ikil
344:Name
291:The
281:List
156:Igil
3650:Jem
3228:Noh
2623:Ifá
2532:Xun
2451:Fou
2430:Luo
2378:Zhu
2202:Zhu
1454:Uvs
627:of
484:or
409:).
4623::
2373:Yu
2335:Yu
2020:Se
1043:.
905:,
901:,
897:,
893:,
709:.
593:.
585:,
516:.
460:,
433:.
405::
389::
340:.
305:,
301::
162:,
158:,
154:,
4167:e
4160:t
4153:v
3717:/
2839:"
2835:"
2566:e
2559:t
2552:v
1946:e
1939:t
1932:v
1204:e
1197:t
1190:v
1095:)
1076:.
1054:.
1016:.
401:(
385:(
297:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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