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397:. From 1819 onward Yusuf started planning for a conquest of Bornu, but the military expeditions that did take place seemed to be focused on profiting from the slave trade rather than on establishing administrative control over the region. In 1821, Mustafa al-Ahmar (al-Mukni's successor as Bey of Fezzan) led another expedition to the
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region to assist al-Kanimi, which was successful and returned with a large number of slaves. By 1821 Yusuf also agreed to aid the
British in sending heir explorers to Bornu, but they encountered difficulties when al-Kanimi learned of Yusuf's designs on Bornu. Yusuf prepared an army in the Fezzan for
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to protect
American shipping, refused the Pasha's demands, leading the Pasha to unofficially declare war, in May 1801, by chopping down the flagpole before the American consulate. Jefferson responded by ordering the US Navy into the Mediterranean, successfully blockading Tripolitania's harbors in
381:. By 1807 he was able to force all the tribes of Cyrenaica and the Fezzan, including the Awlad Sulayman, to submit to him, and brought the Fezzan under direct control. Military expeditions into the central Sahara helped to secure the trade routes in 1816. In 1817, Muhammad al-Mukni, the
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and to a lesser degree the United States, this failed to salvage
Tripolitania's economy. As Yusuf weakened, factions sprung up around his three sons; though Yusuf abdicated in 1832 in favor of his son Ali II, civil war soon resulted. Ottoman Sultan
402:
a major expedition against Bornu, but he needed external assistance to fund the campaign. Mustafa al-Ahmar's death in 1823 also led to delays. When his requests for a loan from the
British failed in 1824, he abandoned his plans of conquering Bornu.
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Karamanli domination of the Fezzan was consolidated during the 18th century. In the early 19th century, Yusuf expanded
Karamanli influence further by sending expeditions south to consolidate control of the trans-Saharan trade routes leading to
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intervened, deposed Hamet and briefly restored
Tripolitania to Ottoman rule. However, 'Ali, Hamet and Yusuf Karamanli returned to Tripolitania in January 1794 with the aid of the bey of Tunis, expelled Burghul and reestablished Tripolitania's
443:
sent in troops ostensibly to restore order, but instead deposed and exiled Ali II, marking the end of both the
Karamanli dynasty and an independent Tripolitania. A descendant family with the same name still exists in modern Tripoli-Libya.
301:'Ali ibn Mehmed neglected the affairs of state in the 1780s and delegated most of his power to his eldest son Hasan, whom he appointed as bey. The assassination of Hasan Bey in June 1790 by 'Ali's youngest son
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independence under nominal
Ottoman suzerainty. 'Ali formally abdicated in favour of Hamet, but Yusuf deposed Hamet within several months of the restoration, and ruled as bey of Tripoli during 1795–1832.
249:. After persuading the Ottomans to recognize him as governor, Ahmed established himself as pasha and made his post hereditary. Though Tripolitania continued to pay nominal tribute to the Ottoman
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had forced the
Barbary states to give up piracy almost entirely, and Tripolitania's economy began to crumble. Yusuf attempted to compensate for lost revenue by encouraging the
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shipping routes; nations that wished to protect their ships from the corsairs were forced to pay tribute to the pasha. On land, Ahmed expanded
Tripolitania's control as far as
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McLachlan, K. S. (1978). "Tripoli and Tripolitania: Conflict and Cohesion during the Period of the Barbary Corsairs (1551–1850)".
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Ahmad's successors proved to be less capable than himself, preventing the state from ever achieving the brief golden ages of its
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Hume, L. J. (1980). "Preparations for Civil War in Tripoli in the 1820s: Ali Karamanli, Hassuna D'Ghies and Jeremy Bentham".
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633:(in Arabic). مطبعة النجاح الجديدة - الدار البيضاء: منشورات وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية - المملكة المغربية.
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An intelligent and able man, Ahmed greatly expanded his city's economy, particularly through the employment of
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and popular cavalry officer, murdered the Ottoman governor of Tripolitania and seized the throne in the
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This article is about the early modern dynasty in Tripolitania. For the medieval Anatolian beylik, see
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and the reinstatement of his deposed brother, Hamet Karamanli, recruited by the American army officer
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468:(30 July 1793 – 20 January 1795), also called 'Ali Burghul' – Ottoman-supported usurper
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ruler of Kanem–Bornu, in the latter's war against the neighbouring kingdom of
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of Fezzan under Karamanli authority, obtained permission from Yusuf to assist
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1803. After some initial military successes, most notably the capture of the
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Ahmed II (20 January – 11 June 1795), also called 'Ahmed' or 'Hamet'
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A Nest of Corsairs: The Fighting Karamanlis of the Barbary Coast
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195:, covering most of Libya. The founder of the dynasty was
187:. At its peak, the Karamanli dynasty's influence reached
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Ruling dynasty of Ottoman Tripolitania from 1711 to 1832
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533:
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Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology
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Mehmed Karamanli (July 1832) (3rd time, in rebellion)
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Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
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In 1801, Yusuf demanded a tribute of $ 225,000 from
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List of rulers of the Karamanli Dynasty (1711–1835)
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209:a war with the United States between 1801 and 1805
459:Mehmed Karamanli (4 November 1745 – 24 July 1754)
347:. Jefferson, confident in the ability of the new
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608:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 199–200.
486:Mehmed Karamanli (1826) (2nd time, in rebellion)
480:Mehmed Karamanli (1817) (1st time, in rebellion)
305:triggered a war of succession between Yusuf and
253:, it otherwise acted as an independent kingdom.
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
495:Ali II Karamanli (20 August 1832 – 26 May 1835)
605:A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period
492:Mehmed ibn Ali (1835) (2nd time, in rebellion)
483:Mehmed ibn Ali (1824) (1st time, in rebellion)
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462:Ali I Karamanli (24 July 1754 – 30 July 1793)
179:from 1711 to 1835. Their territory comprised
570:. Indiana University Press. pp. 69–70.
418:in Libya at the end of the Karamanli period.
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207:who reigned from 1795 to 1832, who fought
203:. The most well-known Karamanli ruler was
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77:Learn how and when to remove this message
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211:. Ali II was the last of the dynasty.
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364:. On June 10, 1805, he signed the
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629:أفا, عمر; المغراوي, محمد (2013).
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1201:Foreign relations under Gaddafi
631:الخط المغربي: تاريخ وواقع وآفاق
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225:In the early 18th century, the
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692:The Journal of African History
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1208:Government of National Accord
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372:Trans-Saharan campaigns
282:Tripolitanian civil war
276:Tripolitanian civil war
272:before his 1745 death.
205:Yusuf ibn Ali Karamanli
61:more precise citations.
685:. London: John Murray.
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733:1978TrIBG...3..285M
521:1711 Karamanli coup
290:neighbors, such as
247:1711 Karamanli coup
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666:US Country Studies
511:Second Barbary War
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349:United States Navy
333:Second Barbary War
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929:Karamanlids
925:(1705–1957)
913:(1549–1659)
907:(1472–1554)
901:(1269–1465)
895:(1235–1556)
889:(1229–1574)
883:(1147–1269)
877:(1059–1158)
875:Khurasanids
871:(1040–1147)
865:(1008–1152)
845:Sulaymanids
815:Muhallabids
430:, but with
379:Kanem–Bornu
311:Ali Burghul
260:on crucial
175:that ruled
132:Final ruler
59:introducing
1475:Categories
1380:Literature
1303:(currency)
1140:Ecoregions
869:Almoravids
859:(973–1148)
835:(790–1066)
805:(710–1019)
527:References
201:Karamanids
150:Deposition
91:Karamanids
1365:Education
1334:Transport
1296:Companies
1191:Elections
1135:Districts
1108:Geography
935:Senussids
923:Husaynids
905:Wattasids
893:Zayyanids
863:Hammadids
853:(909–973)
847:(814–922)
841:(800–909)
839:Aghlabids
829:(788–985)
823:(777–909)
821:Rustamids
817:(771–793)
811:(757–976)
809:Midrarids
712:159671329
654:Hume 1980
466:Ali Pasha
441:Mahmud II
399:Lake Chad
342:President
270:Cyrenaica
243:Janissary
189:Cyrenaica
169:Qaramanli
165:Caramanli
1455:Category
1413:Olympics
1408:Football
1400:Religion
1243:Military
1174:Politics
1160:Wildlife
917:'Alawids
899:Marinids
881:Almohads
851:Fatimids
833:Ifranids
827:Idrisids
803:Salihids
500:See also
395:Baghirmi
391:de facto
316:de facto
258:corsairs
251:padishah
67:May 2023
1439:Outline
1404:Sports
1348:Culture
1329:Tourism
1269:Economy
1130:Climate
1120:Borders
1062:Kingdom
1020:Ottoman
995:Ancient
987:History
911:Sa'dids
887:Hafsids
791:Maghreb
729:Bibcode
675:Sources
454:Ahmed I
406:Decline
292:Algiers
288:Barbary
215:History
181:Tripoli
173:dynasty
122:Founder
114:Founded
104:Country
55:improve
1460:Portal
1370:Health
1309:Energy
1301:Dinar
1125:Cities
980:
857:Zirids
793:region
749:622157
747:
710:
637:
612:
574:
436:Europe
389:, the
266:Fezzan
193:Fezzan
140:Titles
1446:Index
1420:Women
1390:Music
1385:Media
1000:Roman
978:Libya
745:JSTOR
708:S2CID
296:Tunis
185:Libya
144:Pasha
40:, or
1253:LGBT
1082:2011
635:ISBN
610:ISBN
572:ISBN
331:and
268:and
241:, a
191:and
159:The
153:1832
117:1711
789:in
737:doi
700:doi
383:Bey
294:or
167:or
1477::
743:.
735:.
706:.
696:21
694:.
586:^
550:^
535:^
44:,
36:,
970:e
963:t
956:v
779:e
772:t
765:v
751:.
739::
731::
725:3
714:.
702::
643:.
618:.
580:.
93:.
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
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