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177:
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267:
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1181:) of Tripoli, demanded $ 225,000 (equivalent to $ 4.1 million in 2023) from the new administration. It was a long-standing tradition that, if a government was changed or the consular was changed, said government would have to pay 'consular' gifts, in either gold or in goods, usually military and naval stores. (In 1800, federal revenues totaled a little over $ 10 million, equivalent to $ 180 million in 2023.) Putting his long-held beliefs into practice, Jefferson refused the demand. Consequently, because of this, along with the Americans not paying the money nor the gifts as stated in the
135:
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1592:. Eaton and others felt that the capture of Derna should have been used as a bargaining chip to obtain the release of all American prisoners without having to pay ransom. Furthermore, Eaton believed the honor of the United States had been compromised when it abandoned Hamet Karamanli after promising to restore him as leader of Tripoli. Eaton's complaints generally went unheard, especially as attention turned to the strained international relations which would ultimately lead to the withdrawal of the United States Navy from the area in 1807 and to the
820:
1024:, decided to send envoys to Morocco and Algeria to try to purchase treaties and the freedom of the captured sailors held by Algeria. Morocco was the first Barbary Coast State to sign a treaty with the United States, on 23 June 1786. This treaty formally ended all Moroccan piracy against American shipping interests. Specifically, article six of the treaty states that if any Americans captured by Moroccans or other Barbary Coast States docked at a Moroccan city, they would be set free and come under the protection of the Moroccan State.
163:
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289:
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147:
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1114:, equivalent to $ 12 million in 2023) for peace, the release of American captives, various expenses for their care, and various gifts for the Dey's royal court and family. An additional indefinite yearly tribute of $ 21,600 (equivalent to $ 390,000 in 2023) in shipbuilding supplies and ammunition would be given to the Dey. The treaty, designed to prevent further piracy, resulted in the release of 115 American sailors held captive by the Dey.
1194:
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1077:. The incident convinced Jefferson that paying further tribute would do nothing to prevent more attacks. Although John Adams agreed with Jefferson, he believed that circumstances forced the United States to pay tribute; the United States had just fought an exhausting war, which put the nation deep into debt and unable to finance the establishment of a navy.
1572:
of
Tripoli amounts to three hundred persons, more or less; and the number of Tripolino subjects in the power of the Americans to about, one hundred more or less; The Bashaw of Tripoli shall receive from the United States of America, the sum of sixty thousand dollars, as a payment for the difference between the prisoners herein mentioned.
1619:
However, the more immediate problem of
Barbary piracy was not fully settled. By 1807, Algiers had reassembled its fleets and resumed taking American ships and seamen hostage. Distracted by the preludes to the War of 1812, the United States was unable to respond to the provocation until 1815, with the
1571:
The Bashaw of
Tripoli shall deliver up to the American squadron now off Tripoli, all the Americans in his possession; and all the subjects of the Bashaw of Tripoli now in the power of the United States of America shall be delivered up to him; and as the number of Americans in possession of the Bashaw
1080:
Various letters and testimonies by captured sailors described their time in captivity. Barbary Coast imprisonment was different from that practiced by the United States and the
European powers of the time. Prisoners were able to obtain wealth and property, along with achieving status beyond that of a
1219:
their judgment may form itself on a knowledge and consideration of every circumstance of weight." Although
Congress never voted on a formal declaration of war, it authorized the President to instruct the commanders of armed American vessels to seize all vessels and goods of the Pasha of Tripoli "and
1064:
It was written in their Koran, that all nations which had not acknowledged the
Prophet were sinners, whom it was the right and duty of the faithful to plunder and enslave; and that every mussulman who was slain in this warfare was sure to go to paradise. He said, also, that the man who was the first
1039:
a week later. All four
Barbary Coast states demanded $ 660,000 each (equivalent to $ 15 million in 2023). However, the envoys were given only an allocated budget of $ 40,000 (equivalent to $ 930,000 in 2023) to achieve peace. Diplomatic talks to reach a reasonable sum for tribute or for the
1287:
In 1802, in response to
Jefferson's request for a formal authorization of anti-piracy efforts, Congress passed "An act for the protection of commerce and seamen of the United States against the Tripolitan cruisers", authorizing the President to "employ such of the armed vessels of the United States
1121:
and others. With the recommissioning of the
American Navy in 1794 and a rush of new ships and weapons, it became increasingly possible for America to cease payments, although by now the long-standing habit was difficult to change. The continuing demand for tribute ultimately led to the formation of
1599:
The First
Barbary War was beneficial to the reputation of the United States' military command and war mechanism, which had been up to that time relatively untested. The First Barbary War showed that the United States could execute a war far from home, and that American forces had the cohesion to
1166:
that "shall be officered and manned as the President of the United States may direct." In the event of a declaration of war on the United States by the Barbary powers, these ships were to "protect our commerce and chastise their insolence—by sinking, burning or destroying their ships and vessels
970:
for centuries with the special mission of collecting and disbursing funds for the relief and ransom of prisoners of Mediterranean pirates. According to Robert Davis, between 1 and 1.25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves between the 16th and 19th centuries.
1211:, with gifts and letters to attempt to maintain peace with the Barbary powers. However, if war had been declared, then Dale was instructed to "protect American ships and citizens against potential aggression"; however, Jefferson made it clear that he was "unauthorized by the
3813:
1065:
to board a vessel had one slave over and above his share, and that when they sprang to the deck of an enemy's ship, every sailor held a dagger in each hand and a third in his mouth; which usually struck such terror into the foe that they cried out for quarter at once.
1584:. At the time, some argued that buying sailors out of slavery was a fair exchange to end the war. William Eaton, however, remained bitter for the rest of his life about the treaty, feeling that his efforts had been squandered by the American emissary from the
1299:
went unchallenged on the sea, but the question of how far to push the conflict remained. Jefferson pressed the issue the following year, with an increase in military force and deployment of many of the navy's best ships to the region throughout 1802.
1259:
to be used as naval bases for launching operations against Tripoli, a port walled fortress city protected by 150 pieces of heavy artillery and manned by 25,000 soldiers, assisted by a fleet of 10 ten-gunned brigs, 2 eight-gun schooners, two large
1059:
to negotiate with Tripoli's envoy, ambassador Sidi Haji Abdrahaman (or Sidi Haji Abdul Rahman Adja). When they enquired "concerning the ground of the pretensions to make war upon nations who had done them no injury", the ambassador replied:
3807:
990:(1778–83). Although the treaty does not mention the Barbary States in name, it refers to common enemies between both the United States and France. As such, piracy against United States shipping only began to occur after the end of the
3653:
1185:
signed in 1796 between Tripoli and America, on 10 May 1801, the Pasha declared war on the United States, not through any formal written documents but in the customary Barbary manner of cutting down the flagstaff in front of the
1020:. The Spanish government negotiated the freedom of the captured ship and crew; however, Spain advised the United States to offer tribute to prevent further attacks against merchant ships. The United States Minister to France,
885:. Tripolitania had declared war against Sweden and the United States over disputes regarding tributary payments made by both states in exchange for a cessation of Tripolitanian commerce raiding at sea. United States President
1288:
as may be judged requisite... for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof on the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas." The statute authorized American ships to seize vessels belonging to the
1429:
intact after the frigate ran aground on a reef while patrolling Tripoli harbor. Efforts by the Americans to refloat the ship while under fire from shore batteries and Tripolitan Naval units failed. The ship, her captain
1396:(joined in 1805) all saw service during the war, under the overall command of Preble. Throughout 1803, Preble set up and maintained a blockade of the Barbary ports while taking action to seize and harass their fleets.
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3954:
1027:
American diplomatic action with Algeria, the other major Barbary Coast State, was much less productive than with Morocco. Algeria began piracy against the United States on 25 July 1785 with the capture of the
1563:
Wearied of the blockade and raids, and now under threat of a continued advance on Tripoli proper and a scheme to restore his deposed older brother Hamet Karamanli as ruler, Yusuf Karamanli signed a
1095:
and disease. As word of their treatment reached the United States, through freed captives' narratives and letters, Americans pushed for Congress to take military action against the Barbary states.
1154:, Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent President John Adams. Jefferson was sworn into office on March 4, 1801. The new President was now poised to order naval actions against the Barbary states.
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1207:
Before learning that Tripoli had declared war on the United States, Jefferson sent a small squadron, consisting of three frigates and one schooner, under the command of Commodore
4215:
1847:
The Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Early American Republic, 1783–1812: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History
1215:, without the sanction of Congress, to go beyond the line of defense." He told Congress: "I communicate all material information on this subject, that in the exercise of this
1576:
In agreeing to pay a ransom of $ 60,000 (equivalent to $ 1.2 million in 2023) for the American prisoners, the Jefferson administration drew a distinction between paying
4220:
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1461:
to float close enough to board her. Decatur's men stormed the ship and overpowered the Tripolitan sailors. With fire support from American warships, the Marines set fire to
1013:
This lapse of protection by a European power led to the first American merchant ship being seized after the Treaty of Paris. On 11 October 1784, Moroccan pirates seized the
5039:
1851:
3334:
1110:. On September 5, 1795, American negotiator Joseph Donaldson signed a peace treaty with the Dey of Algiers, that included an upfront payment of $ 642,500 in specie (
2714:
2568:
1091:(governor). Even so, most captives could expect little more than lives of hard labor and abuse, and struggled under extremely poor conditions that exposed them to
1220:
also to cause to be done all such other acts of precaution or hostility as the state of war will justify." The American squadron joined a Swedish flotilla under
441:
1098:
On July 19, 1794, Congress appropriated $ 800,000 (equivalent to $ 16 million in 2023) for the release of American prisoners and for a peace treaty with
2452:
3580:
727:
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4183:
4108:
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2277:"American Peace Commissioners to John Jay," March 28, 1786, "Thomas Jefferson Papers," Series 1. General Correspondence. 1651–1827, Library of Congress.
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1251:, but Ferdinand saw an opportunity and supplied the Americans with manpower, craftsmen, supplies, gunboats, mortar boats, and the ports of Messina,
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1187:
1624:, in which naval victories by Commodores William Bainbridge and Stephen Decatur led to treaties ending all tribute payments by the United States.
1539:—"the shores of Tripoli". The capturing of the city gave American negotiators leverage in securing the return of hostages and the end of the war.
5691:
3321:
1642:, the oldest military monument in the United States, honors the American heroes of the First Barbary War: Somers—by then promoted to the rank of
1163:
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Farber, Hannah (2014), "Millions for Credit: Peace with Algiers and the Establishment of America's Commercial Reputation Overseas, 1795–96.",
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Barbary corsairs led attacks upon American merchant shipping in an attempt to extort ransom for the lives of captured sailors, and ultimately
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1535:. This was the first time the United States flag was raised in victory on foreign soil. The action is memorialized in a line of the
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Eaton had requested 100 Marines, but had been limited to eight by Commodore Barron, who wished to budget his forces differently.
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Preble attacked Tripoli on 14 July 1804, kicking off a series of inconclusive battles, including an unsuccessful attempt to use
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Battistini, Robert. "Glimpses of the Other before Orientalism: The Muslim World in Early American Periodicals, 1785–1800."
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had been at war with the Tripolitans since 1800. The First Barbary War was the first major American war fought outside the
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trade threatened to siphon money and energy away from the new nation while entangling it in the wars and intrigue of the
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Just before Jefferson's inauguration in 1801, Congress passed naval legislation that, among other things, provided for
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remained enslaved for over a decade, and soon were joined by crews of other ships captured by the Barbary States.
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Some sources confirm this wording, some other sources report this quotation with slight differences in wording.
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Rojas, Martha Elena. "'Insults Unpunished' Barbary Captives, American Slaves, and the Negotiation of Liberty."
1906:"Research Guides: Battle Studies, Country Studies, & Staff Rides: Barbary Wars & the Battle of Tripoli"
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and United States history, and Decatur returned to the United States as its first post-revolutionary war hero.
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2005:
Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, The Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800
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Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation
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was destroyed, possibly by enemy gunfire, before she achieved her goal, killing Somers and his entire crew.
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1085:, who rose to the highest position a Christian slave could achieve in Algeria, becoming an adviser to the
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from the United States to avoid further attacks, as they had with the various European states. Before the
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The Marine Corps and the State Department: enduring partners in United States foreign policy, 1798–2007
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Africa: Rivista Trimestrale Di Studi e Documentazione Dell’Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente
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or ransoming their crews provided the rulers of these nations with wealth and naval power. The
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Proposals for concerted operation among the powers at war with the Pyratical states of Barbary
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Blum, Hester. "Pirated Tars, Piratical Texts Barbary Captivity and American Sea Narratives."
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Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States
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986:, United States shipping was protected by France during the revolutionary years under the
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Thomas Jefferson and the Tripoli Pirates: The Forgotten War That Changed American History
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1646:–Lieutenant James Caldwell, James Decatur (brother of Stephen Decatur), Henry Wadsworth,
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How America's war with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation
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1670:, it was moved to the west terrace of the national Capitol and finally, in 1860, to the
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forces argued over the needs of the country and the burden of taxation. Jefferson's own
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History of the United States of America During the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson
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America and the Barbary Pirates: An International Battle Against an Unconventional Foe
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United States Congressional Serial Set, Serial No. 15038, House Documents Nos. 129–137
1271:
The first action of the campaign took place on 1 August 1801, when the armed schooner
1224:
in blockading Tripoli, the Swedes having been at war with the Tripolitans since 1800.
994:, when the United States government lost its protection under the Treaty of Alliance.
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The Pirate Coast: Thomas Jefferson, the First Marines, and the Secret Mission of 1805
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Jefferson continued to argue for cessation of the tribute, with rising support from
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as a fire ship, packed with explosives and sent to enter Tripoli harbor. However,
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The End of Barbary Terror: America's 1815 War Against the Pirates of North Africa
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wherever you shall find them." On Jefferson's inauguration as president in 1801,
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1277:(commanded by Lieutenant Andrew Sterret) defeated the 14-gun Tripolitan corsair
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important function confided by the constitution to the legislature exclusively
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Power, Faith, and Fantasy: The United States in the Middle East, 1776 to 2006
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Folayan, Kola. “The Tripolitan War : A Reconsideration of the Causes.”
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2079:"Barbary Treaties 1786–1816: Treaty with Morocco June 28 and July 15, 1786"
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ransom of the captured sailors struggled to make any headway. The crews of
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Naval Documents Related to the United States War with the Barbary Powers
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5278:
5268:
4901:
4740:
4725:
4550:
4532:
4249:
3833:
Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society
3732:
2580:
1988:
1524:
1438:
was subsequently converted into a floating battery for harbor defense.
1127:
1052:
1014:
898:
781:
2195:
1491:
boarding a Tripolitan gunboat during a naval engagement, 3 August 1804
1193:
5431:
5384:
5369:
5173:
4796:
4685:
3701:
1147:
894:
2320:"Founders Online: From Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, 11 July 1786"
1434:, and all officers and crew were taken ashore and held as hostages.
1069:
Jefferson reported the conversation to Secretary of Foreign Affairs
997:
419:
47:
5263:
5100:
5079:
4966:
4936:
4660:
4290:
3759:
3385:
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777 draft and 1786 passage
3179:
3153:
2948:
The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power
2943:
1567:
ending hostilities on 10 June 1805. Article 2 of the treaty reads:
1143:
1070:
1029:
2969:
2565:
Dawn like Thunder: The Barbary Wars and the Birth of the U.S. Navy
2389:
2387:
1138:
and anti-navalists believed that the future of the country lay in
5198:
5178:
5168:
2768:
Tripoli Monument at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland
2199:
Thomas Barclay (1728–1793): Consul in France, Diplomat in Barbary
1265:
1256:
1232:
1099:
975:
338:
194:
2898:
To the Shores of Tripoli: The Birth of the U.S. Navy and Marines
6099:
5328:
5158:
4606:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
3118:
Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy
3081:
Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy
2384:
1512:
1511:
led a force of eight U.S. Marines and five hundred mercenaries—
1261:
1236:
1092:
1056:
288:
277:
152:
1773:(from The Oxford Companion to American Military History). 2000
5188:
4221:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
4069:
Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression
3030:
The Barbary Wars: American Independence in the Atlantic World
2178:
The diplomatic correspondence of the United States of America
2174:
2082:
1528:
1516:
1450:
1173:
1103:
3000:
A Rage for Glory: The Life of Commodore Stephen Decatur, USN
2711:
From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776
5243:
2692:"Treaty of Peace and Amity, Signed at Tripoli June 4, 1805"
16:
War between United States and the Barbary states, 1801–1805
1190:. Algiers and Tunis did not follow their ally in Tripoli.
6165:
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
3335:
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
3100:
Jefferson's War: America's First War on Terror, 1801–1805
2291:. The Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly Co. p. 413.
1087:
1006:
3006:
2365:
2363:
1820:
Jefferson's War: America's First War on Terror 1801–1805
1157:
982:, which formalized the United States' independence from
2284:
1073:, who submitted the ambassador's comments and offer to
881:, in which the United States and Sweden fought against
1600:
fight together as Americans rather than separately as
2360:
2348:
1717:
1666:("Old Ironsides"). From its original location in the
3166:
Victory in Tripoli: Lessons for the War on Terrorism
2407:
Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal
2302:
2300:
2044:
Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal
1880:"Presidential War Powers: The Constitutional Answer"
113:
Tripolitania ships allowed to inspect American ships
3427:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2226:
926:and crews from the quasi-independent North African
2855:
2474:
2002:
1662:in 1806 and brought to the United States on board
1425:In October 1803, Tripoli's fleet captured the USS
2752:
2297:
2196:Priscilla H. Roberts; Richard S. Roberts (2008).
1507:", and United States Marine Corps 1st Lieutenant
6136:
3162:
3322:A Summary View of the Rights of British America
3071:Tripoli: The United States' First War on Terror
1793:"War with the Barbary Pirates (Tripolitan War)"
1503:, a former Army captain who used the title of "
3027:
2853:
2393:
2143:
1816:
5116:
4591:
3195:
2764:
2054:
2052:
966:, or order of "Mathurins", had operated from
844:
435:
3881:Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence
3151:
1873:
1871:
1785:
1227:On 31 May 1801, Dale's successor, Commodore
2882:, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2116:In God We Still Trust: A 365-Day Devotional
2112:
1957:Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne
1418:An 1897 painting of the burning of the USS
5123:
5109:
5055:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
5040:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
4598:
4584:
3973:Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia)
3370:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
3202:
3188:
2049:
1983:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963.
1558:
1441:On the night of 16 February 1804, Captain
904:
851:
837:
442:
428:
4199:Louisiana Purchase Exposition gold dollar
4159:Washington and Jefferson National Forests
4084:Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service
3068:
2976:
2721:New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
2667:"A History Lesson: The First Barbary War"
2618:
1868:
1650:and John Dorsey. Originally known as the
5692:Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands
3826:The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth
2858:Thomas Jefferson And The Tripoli Pirates
2537:
2535:
2202:. Associated University Presse. p.
2181:. Printed by Blair & Rives. p.
2061:"Jefferson, American Minister in France"
2000:
1541:
1482:
1413:
1192:
996:
159:
4119:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
3142:Treaties with The Barbary Powers :
3097:
2895:
2447:
2445:
1931:"Barbary Wars, 1801–1805 and 1815–1816"
6137:
5489:Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship
2997:
2875:
2833:
2805:
2592:
2472:
2369:
2354:
2306:
2263:. Government Printing Office. p.
2175:United States. Dept. of State (1837).
2058:
1877:
1843:
407:Approx. 500 Greek and Arab mercenaries
6078:
5535:
5467:
5225:
5142:
5104:
4579:
4079:Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
3916:Jefferson and the Library of Congress
3891:Founding Fathers of the United States
3451:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
3183:
3106:
2926:
2854:Kilmeade, Brian; Yaeger, Don (2015),
2532:
2455:, vol. 27, no. 1, 1972, pp. 615–626.
2009:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 23.
1698:Military history of the United States
1495:The turning point in the war was the
1158:Declaration of war and naval blockade
703:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
449:
423:
6110:Monte della Redenzione degli Schiavi
5554:Ottoman raid on the Balearic Islands
5130:
5035:Timeline of U.S. military operations
4352:Cultural depictions of Sally Hemings
3209:
3115:
3077:
3045:
2942:
2442:
2233:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1817:Joseph Wheelan (21 September 2004).
1531:, to capture the Tripolitan city of
1203:aground off Tripoli, in October 1803
1124:United States Department of the Navy
1051:In March 1786, Thomas Jefferson and
6051:Austrian expedition against Morocco
3299:Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention
3237:Vice President of the United States
3007:Brian Kilmeade; Don Yeager (2015).
2921:Barbary Wars § Further reading
2575:Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, 1963.
1523:—on a march across the desert from
116:Freeing prisoners of American ships
13:
3679:A Manual of Parliamentary Practice
3055:, New York: W.W. Norton & Co,
2914:
1608:, etc. The United States Navy and
594:3rd President of the United States
14:
6201:
6180:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire
4792:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
3673:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
3135:
2771:, dcmemorials.com, archived from
2481:. Naval Institute Press. p.
1903:
1586:United States Department of State
919:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
6185:Wars involving the United States
5716:Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir
4559:
4558:
4204:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins
3248:United States Secretary of State
2512:
2418:
2285:Philip Gengembre Hubert (1872).
1823:. PublicAffairs. pp. 128–.
1739:
1727:
824:
818:
642:Military Peace Establishment Act
504:
337:
328:
319:
310:
299:
287:
276:
265:
254:
243:
232:
221:
210:
187:
175:
161:
145:
133:
62:by William Bainbridge Hoff, 1878
57:fighting the Tripolitan polacca
46:
21:For an earlier Barbary war, see
5881:Battle of the Oinousses Islands
5143:
4209:250th Anniversary silver dollar
3609:Founder, University of Virginia
3163:Joshua E. London (4 May 2006),
2799:
2786:
2758:
2741:
2732:
2702:
2684:
2664:
2658:
2628:
2611:
2602:
2586:
2556:
2506:
2466:
2412:
2399:
2375:
2339:
2330:
2312:
2271:
2251:
2220:
2189:
2168:
2137:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2077:Miller, Hunter. United States.
2071:
2036:
2023:
1994:
1612:became a permanent part of the
1457:, thus deceiving the guards on
1449:aboard the captured Tripolitan
1406:Second Battle of Tripoli Harbor
958:. Capturing merchant ships and
869:(1801–1805), also known as the
536:Early life and political career
110:The United States paying ransom
76:(4 years and 1 month)
6160:Presidency of Thomas Jefferson
5963:Moroccan seizure of the Betsey
5226:
5070:List of anti-war organizations
4149:Thomas Jefferson School of Law
3955:Separation of church and state
3864:American Philosophical Society
3801:Notes on the State of Virginia
3794:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
3226:President of the United States
3102:, New York: Carroll & Graf
2998:De Kay, James Tertius (2004),
2059:Parton, James (October 1872).
1964:
1948:
1923:
1897:
1837:
1810:
1759:
915:Moroccan seizure of the Betsey
558:Notes on the State of Virginia
1:
5822:Raid on Ceriale and Borghetto
5536:
5519:US Treaty with Morocco (1836)
5509:US Treaty with Algiers (1815)
5504:US Treaty with Tripoli (1805)
5494:US Treaty with Tripoli (1796)
5468:
4982:War against the Islamic State
4109:University of Virginia statue
3943:Jefferson–Hemings controversy
3581:Federal judicial appointments
3268:Congress of the Confederation
3120:. W.W. Norton & Company.
2808:Journal of the Early Republic
2150:. The History Press. p.
2119:. Thomas Nelson Inc. p.
1752:
1703:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
1197:An artist's depiction of the
889:refused to pay this tribute.
807:Jefferson–Hemings controversy
6095:Slavery on the Barbary Coast
3814:European journey memorandums
3554:State of the Union Addresses
3483:Dunbar and Hunter Expedition
2227:Frederick C. Leiner (2006).
2067:. Vol. 30. p. 413.
1634:Tripoli Monument (sculpture)
1499:(April–May 1805). Ex-consul
1081:slave. One such example was
877:, was a conflict during the
74:May 10, 1801 – June 10, 1805
7:
6079:
5804:Dutch expedition to Algiers
5728:Rebellion of the Alpujarras
5644:Ottoman wintering in Toulon
5590:Capture of Peñón of Algiers
5514:US Treaty with Tunis (1824)
5499:US Treaty with Tunis (1797)
4422:Cornelia Jefferson Randolph
4154:Thomas Jefferson University
4124:Thomas Jefferson Foundation
3631:Democratic-Republican Party
3549:West Point Military Academy
3341:Declaration of Independence
3291:Second Continental Congress
3032:, New York: Hill and Wang,
2938: ed.) (published 1891)
2429:Thomas Jefferson Foundation
1844:Tucker, Spencer C. (2014).
1681:
1672:United States Naval Academy
1627:
787:Democratic-Republican Party
546:Declaration of Independence
10:
6206:
5910:Action of 28 November 1751
4972:War in North-West Pakistan
4822:Second Sumatran expedition
4787:American Revolutionary War
3461:Lewis and Clark Expedition
3175:First American-Barbary War
3073:, New York: Presidio Press
2977:Daugherty, Leo J. (2009).
2918:
2896:Whipple, A. B. C. (1991),
2876:London, Joshua E. (2005),
2671:The Atlas Business Journal
2608:Tucker, 2005, pp. 326–331.
2394:Kilmeade & Yaeger 2015
1631:
1610:United States Marine Corps
1445:led a small detachment of
1403:
1399:
1152:1800 presidential election
954:) were the scourge of the
908:
657:Lewis and Clark Expedition
20:
6085:
6074:
6013:
5890:
5763:Expulsion of the Moriscos
5755:
5546:
5542:
5531:
5474:
5463:
5414:
5393:
5337:
5259:Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis
5236:
5232:
5221:
5149:
5138:
5017:
4817:First Sumatran expedition
4779:
4618:
4611:
4527:
4452:Frederick Madison Roberts
4374:Martha Jefferson Randolph
4360:
4294:(1997 documentary series)
4229:
4054:Thomas Jefferson Building
4022:
3991:
3846:
3785:
3711:
3626:Anti-Administration party
3589:
3436:
3416:
3363:All men are created equal
3309:
3217:
3069:Smethurst, David (2006),
2640:Militaryhistory.about.com
2288:Making of America Project
1973:The Cradle of Colonialism
1713:Capture of Manuel Briones
1546:A painting of Lieutenant
718:Chesapeake–Leopard affair
698:Native American relations
461:
394:William Eaton's invasion:
349:
203:
126:
66:
45:
37:
32:
5999:2nd Swedish-Algerian War
5993:1st Swedish-Algerian War
5904:Spanish conquest of Oran
5799:Action of 3 October 1624
5704:Expedition to Mostaganem
4771:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
4731:Battle of Blair Mountain
4347:Wine bottles controversy
4139:Jefferson City, Missouri
3604:Franco-American alliance
3098:Wheelan, Joseph (2003),
2753:U.S. Library of Congress
2477:The U.S. Navy: a history
1979:4 September 2017 at the
1708:To the Shores of Tripoli
1693:Islamic views on slavery
1614:United States government
513:This article is part of
405:, and several civilians
5975:Portuguese Algerian War
5951:Bombardments of Tunisia
5845:French-Tripolitania War
5698:Battle of Wadi al-Laban
5484:Anglo-Moroccan alliance
5479:Franco-Ottoman alliance
5447:Baba Mohammed ben-Osman
5030:Wars involving the U.S.
4867:Philippine–American War
4751:1960s ghetto rebellions
4520:(2nd great-grandfather)
4464:Jane Randolph Jefferson
4416:Ellen Randolph Coolidge
3998:Presidential elections
3901:Jefferson and education
3886:Committee of the States
3377:Consent of the governed
3256:U.S. Minister to France
3171:(Heritage Lecture #940)
3107:Zacks, Richard (2005),
3028:Lambert, Frank (2005),
2834:Keynes, Edward (2004),
2571:1 December 2017 at the
2546:Presidential War Powers
2515:"The First Barbary War"
2473:Miller, Nathan (1997).
2463:. Accessed 27 May 2021.
2421:"The First Barbary War"
2147:Hidden History of Maine
2144:Harry Gratwick (2010).
1935:Office of the Historian
1910:grc-usmcu.libguides.com
1559:Peace treaty and legacy
1239:, to the court of King
1188:United States Consulate
905:Background and overview
466:Action of 1 August 1801
6170:Wars involving Morocco
6045:Bombardment of Tripoli
6033:Bombardment of Algiers
5987:Bombardment of Tangier
5957:Bombardment of Algiers
5945:Bombardment of Algiers
5869:Bombardment of Algiers
5857:Bombardment of Algiers
5851:Bombardment of Algiers
5075:Conscientious objector
4977:First Libyan Civil War
4847:Second Fiji expedition
4827:Ivory Coast expedition
4761:1992 Los Angeles riots
4721:Colorado Coalfield War
4613:Listed chronologically
4302:(2002 animated series)
4134:Monticello Association
3859:American Enlightenment
3820:Indian removal letters
3777:White House Colonnades
3772:Virginia State Capitol
3750:University of Virginia
3636:Jeffersonian democracy
3532:Native American policy
3402:Land Ordinance of 1785
3397:Land Ordinance of 1784
3158:, victoryintripoli.com
3013:. Penguin Publishing.
2862:, New York: Sentinel,
2717:18 August 2017 at the
2409:. 1.2 (2003): 133–158.
2046:. 8.2 (2010): 446–474.
2033:. 1.2 (2003): 159–186.
2031:Early American Studies
1574:
1555:
1492:
1422:
1410:Battle of Derna (1805)
1204:
1150:. During the divisive
1136:Democratic-Republicans
1083:James Leander Cathcart
1067:
1010:
1005:paying tribute to the
942:, and the independent
744:University of Virginia
627:Jeffersonian democracy
476:Action of 22 June 1803
204:Commanders and leaders
6175:Wars involving Sweden
6005:Action of 16 May 1797
5969:American-Algerian War
5045:Territorial evolution
5025:Conflicts in the U.S.
4947:Intervention in Haiti
4837:First Fiji expedition
4446:T. Jefferson Coolidge
4442:(great-granddaughter)
4434:John Wayles Jefferson
4179:Jefferson–Jackson Day
4114:David d'Angers statue
3911:Jefferson and slavery
3896:Historical reputation
3599:Early life and career
3331:(initial draft; 1775)
3329:Olive Branch Petition
3169:, Heritage Foundation
3116:Toll, Ian W. (2008).
3078:Toll, Ian W. (2006),
2820:10.1353/jer.2014.0028
2792:Tucker, 2005, p. 332.
2738:Tucker, 2005, p. 464.
2324:founders.archives.gov
1569:
1545:
1486:
1447:United States Marines
1417:
1247:. The kingdom was at
1196:
1062:
1000:
728:Judicial appointments
541:Early life and career
6155:Ottoman Tripolitania
5915:Battle of Cape Palos
5834:Action of March 1665
5781:Battle of Cape Corvo
5722:Great Siege of Malta
5626:Siege of Castelnuovo
5584:Battle of Formentera
5355:Anglo-Turkish piracy
5274:Murat Reis the Elder
5249:Hayreddin Barbarossa
4907:Bay of Pigs Invasion
4862:Spanish–American War
4832:Mexican–American War
4756:Kent State shootings
4746:Puerto Rican revolts
4676:American Indian Wars
4470:Lucy Jefferson Lewis
4380:Mary Jefferson Eppes
3854:Age of Enlightenment
3488:Red River Expedition
3279:Governor of Virginia
3111:, New York: Hyperion
2900:, Bluejacket Books,
2840:, Penn State Press,
2267:. GGKEY:TBY2W8Z0L9N.
2113:Richard Lee (2011).
1884:Libertyclassroom.com
1850:. ABC-CLIO. p.
1668:Washington Navy Yard
944:Sultanate of Morocco
708:Red River Expedition
183:Ottoman Tripolitania
6090:Barbary slave trade
6057:Invasion of Algiers
5939:Invasion of Algiers
5921:Danish–Algerian War
5769:Franco-Algerian War
5674:Invasion of Corsica
4922:Invasion of Grenada
4917:Dominican Civil War
4514:(great-grandfather)
4216:U.S. postage stamps
4184:Currency depictions
4164:Peaks and mountains
4094:Karl Bitter statues
4064:Jefferson Territory
3961:The American Museum
3869:American Revolution
3520:Non-Intercourse Act
3503:Embargo Act of 1807
3407:Northwest Ordinance
3390:Freedom of religion
2928:Adams, Henry Brooks
2765:Giovanni C Micali,
2708:Herring, George C.
2696:Avalon.law.yale.edu
2646:on 16 February 2012
2279:LoC: March 28, 1786
1970:Masselman, George.
1676:Annapolis, Maryland
1654:, it was carved of
1465:and destroyed her.
1142:, arguing that the
992:American Revolution
911:Barbary slave trade
770:cultural depictions
401:, William Eaton, 3
388:Swedish Royal Navy:
6027:Second Barbary War
5933:Dutch–Moroccan War
5898:Dutch–Algerian War
5839:Anglo-Algerian War
5810:Turkish Abductions
5793:Anglo-Algerian War
5740:Conquest of Tunis
5650:Capture of Mahdiye
5560:Capture of Algiers
5204:Regency of Tripoli
5154:Regency of Algiers
4962:War in Afghanistan
4932:Invasion of Panama
4927:Lebanese Civil War
4852:Formosa Expedition
4812:Second Barbary War
4766:2020 racial unrest
4701:Johnson County War
4696:Lincoln County War
4671:American Civil War
4666:Harpers Ferry raid
4641:Turner's Rebellion
4476:Randolph Jefferson
4410:George W. Randolph
4404:Thomas J. Randolph
4315:Jefferson's Garden
4275:Jefferson in Paris
4039:Jefferson Memorial
3666:Compromise of 1790
3641:First Party System
3543:Marbury v. Madison
3466:Corps of Discovery
3456:Louisiana Purchase
3152:Joshua E. London,
2936:Library of America
2747:Gerard W. Gawalt,
2309:, pp. 40, 41.
2085:, Yale Law School.
2083:The Avalon Project
1960:(in French). 1834.
1622:Second Barbary War
1556:
1493:
1432:William Bainbridge
1423:
1297:United States Navy
1205:
1140:westward expansion
1011:
1003:William Bainbridge
988:Treaty of Alliance
797:Views on education
667:Burr–Hamilton duel
652:Louisiana Purchase
647:Yazoo land scandal
573:First Party System
568:Secretary of State
563:Minister to France
481:2nd Tripoli Harbor
471:1st Tripoli Harbor
344:Slimane of Morocco
6145:First Barbary War
6132:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6039:Battle of Tripoli
6021:First Barbary War
5816:Sack of Baltimore
5787:Dutch–Barbary War
5734:Battle of Lepanto
5680:Capture of Bougie
5632:Battle of Alboran
5620:Battle of Preveza
5602:Conquest of Tunis
5596:Conquest of Tunis
5572:Battle of Pianosa
5527:
5526:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5437:Mohamed Kharnadji
5299:Muhammad Kurdogli
5217:
5216:
5098:
5097:
5060:Casualties of war
4892:Russian Civil War
4857:Korean Expedition
4802:First Barbary War
4681:Brooks–Baxter War
4636:Fries's Rebellion
4631:Whiskey Rebellion
4573:
4572:
4440:Sarah N. Randolph
4343:(2020 miniseries)
4310:(2008 miniseries)
4144:Jefferson College
4104:Louisville statue
4074:Jefferson Lecture
3527:First Barbary War
3476:Empire of Liberty
3418:French Revolution
3347:Committee of Five
3314:the United States
3091:978-0-393-05847-5
3062:978-0-393-33030-4
3039:978-0-8090-9533-9
2990:978-0-7864-3796-2
2950:. New York City:
2869:978-1-59184-806-6
2847:978-0-271-02607-7
2727:978-0-19-507822-0
2636:"Battle of Derna"
2513:Huff, Elizabeth.
2492:978-1-55750-595-8
2419:Huff, Elizabeth.
2396:, pp. 45–46.
2244:978-0-19-518994-0
2213:978-0-934223-98-0
2161:978-1-59629-815-6
2130:978-1-4041-8965-2
2016:978-1-4039-4551-8
2001:R. Davis (2003).
1861:978-1-59884-157-2
1830:978-0-7867-4020-8
1797:veteranmuseum.org
1644:master commandant
1249:war with Napoleon
1245:Kingdom of Naples
1222:Rudolf Cederström
1183:Treaty of Tripoli
1119:George Washington
964:Trinitarian Order
875:Barbary Coast War
867:First Barbary War
861:
860:
693:Florida and Haiti
662:First Barbary War
637:Twelfth Amendment
551:Committee of Five
530:
529:
494:
493:
453:First Barbary War
418:
417:
316:Rais Mahomet Rous
294:Rudolf Cederström
199:
157:
122:
121:
33:First Barbary War
23:Dutch–Barbary war
6197:
6076:
6075:
5927:Siege of Melilla
5710:Battle of Djerba
5662:Siege of Tripoli
5656:Invasion of Gozo
5544:
5543:
5533:
5532:
5465:
5464:
5365:Ahmed el Inglizi
5319:Hassan Veneziano
5289:Muhammad I Pasha
5254:Sayyida al Hurra
5234:
5233:
5223:
5222:
5209:Regency of Tunis
5194:Republic of Salé
5140:
5139:
5132:Barbary Corsairs
5125:
5118:
5111:
5102:
5101:
5050:Military history
5009:Yemeni civil war
4942:Somali Civil War
4842:Second Opium War
4711:Homestead strike
4626:Shays' Rebellion
4600:
4593:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4562:
4561:
4512:William Randolph
4454:(great-grandson)
4448:(great-grandson)
4368:Martha Jefferson
4283:Thomas Jefferson
4189:Jefferson nickel
4174:Other placenames
4099:Hempstead statue
3978:Virginia dynasty
3932:National Gazette
3621:Ratification Day
3357:physical history
3302:
3294:
3282:
3271:
3259:
3251:
3240:
3229:
3211:Thomas Jefferson
3204:
3197:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3159:
3131:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3074:
3065:
3047:Oren, Michael B.
3042:
3024:
3003:
2994:
2973:
2939:
2910:
2892:
2872:
2861:
2850:
2830:
2793:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2775:on 26 April 2020
2762:
2756:
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2739:
2736:
2730:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2642:. Archived from
2632:
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2615:
2609:
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2590:
2584:
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2539:
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2268:
2255:
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2224:
2218:
2217:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2065:Atlantic Monthly
2056:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2008:
1998:
1992:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1895:
1894:
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1890:
1875:
1866:
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1841:
1835:
1834:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1771:Encyclopedia.com
1767:"Tripolitan War"
1763:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1688:Barbary treaties
1640:Tripoli Monument
1548:Presley O'Bannon
1509:Presley O'Bannon
1022:Thomas Jefferson
948:Alaouite dynasty
924:Barbary corsairs
887:Thomas Jefferson
853:
846:
839:
828:
827:
822:
802:Views on slavery
683:2nd inauguration
620:1st inauguration
526:
525:
523:
522:Thomas Jefferson
516:
508:
501:
500:
497:
496:
456:
454:
444:
437:
430:
421:
420:
410:Various cruisers
368:Second Squadron:
342:
341:
334:Shadi Nazmi Reis
333:
332:
324:
323:
315:
314:
304:
303:
292:
291:
281:
280:
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269:
259:
258:
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237:
236:
226:
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217:Thomas Jefferson
215:
214:
197:
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190:
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167:
165:
164:
155:
151:
149:
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68:
67:
50:
30:
29:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6190:1800s conflicts
6135:
6134:
6133:
6124:
6081:
6062:
6009:
5886:
5875:Sieges of Ceuta
5751:
5668:Battle of Ponza
5578:Siege of Rhodes
5566:Fall of Tlemcen
5538:
5523:
5470:
5451:
5410:
5406:Yusuf Karamanli
5401:Ahmed Karamanli
5389:
5333:
5228:
5213:
5145:
5134:
5129:
5099:
5094:
5013:
4872:Boxer Rebellion
4775:
4656:Bleeding Kansas
4614:
4607:
4604:
4574:
4569:
4540:James Madison →
4523:
4458:Peter Jefferson
4424:(granddaughter)
4418:(granddaughter)
4392:Madison Hemings
4386:Harriet Hemings
4356:
4232:
4225:
4194:Two-dollar bill
4059:Jefferson River
4024:
4018:
3987:
3926:Pet mockingbird
3906:Religious views
3842:
3838:Founders Online
3781:
3714:
3707:
3592:accomplishments
3591:
3585:
3537:Burr conspiracy
3498:Cumberland Road
3493:Pike Expedition
3432:
3412:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3297:
3285:
3274:
3262:
3254:
3243:
3232:
3221:
3213:
3208:
3138:
3128:
3092:
3084:, W.W. Norton,
3063:
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2991:
2962:
2923:
2917:
2915:Further reading
2908:
2890:
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2719:Wayback Machine
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2634:
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2607:
2603:
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2573:Wayback Machine
2562:Tucker, Glenn.
2561:
2557:
2551:LewRockwell.com
2540:
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2340:
2336:Rojas, 168–169.
2335:
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2305:
2298:
2293:
2282:
2281:(handwritten).
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2098:
2094:Battistini, 450
2093:
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2057:
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2041:
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2028:
2024:
2017:
1999:
1995:
1981:Wayback Machine
1969:
1965:
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1561:
1497:Battle of Derna
1489:Stephen Decatur
1443:Stephen Decatur
1412:
1404:Main articles:
1402:
1169:Yusuf Karamanli
1160:
1132:Anti-Federalist
980:Treaty of Paris
921:
907:
863:
862:
857:
825:
823:
816:
792:Religious views
761:
758:
735:
734:Post-presidency
732:
713:Pike Expedition
688:Burr conspiracy
674:
671:
611:
608:
595:
592:
583:Vice presidency
537:
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376:Third Squadron:
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360:First Squadron:
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327:
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318:
317:
309:
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306:Yusuf Karamanli
298:
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283:Gustav IV Adolf
275:
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272:Stephen Decatur
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5775:Raid on Żejtun
5772:
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5614:Siege of Corfu
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5065:Peace movement
5062:
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5019:
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4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4716:Pullman Strike
4713:
4708:
4706:Coal Creek War
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4651:Dorr Rebellion
4648:
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4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4515:
4509:
4506:Isham Randolph
4503:
4502:(grand-nephew)
4500:Dabney S. Carr
4497:
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4479:
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4299:Liberty's Kids
4295:
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4279:
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4270:
4269:
4264:
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4176:
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4169:Jefferson Rock
4166:
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4141:
4136:
4131:
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4111:
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4044:Mount Rushmore
4041:
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4019:
4017:
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4009:
4004:
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3921:Jefferson Pier
3918:
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3797:
3789:
3787:
3786:Other writings
3783:
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3780:
3779:
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3769:
3768:
3767:
3765:Jefferson Hall
3762:
3757:
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3725:
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3709:
3708:
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3691:Jefferson disk
3688:
3686:American Creed
3683:
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3178:
3177:
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3137:
3136:External links
3134:
3133:
3132:
3127:978-0393330328
3126:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3090:
3075:
3066:
3061:
3043:
3038:
3025:
3020:978-1591848066
3019:
3004:
2995:
2989:
2974:
2960:
2940:
2919:Main article:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2893:
2888:
2873:
2868:
2851:
2846:
2837:Undeclared War
2831:
2814:(2): 187–217,
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2785:
2757:
2740:
2731:
2701:
2683:
2657:
2627:
2619:Daugherty 2009
2610:
2601:
2585:
2555:
2531:
2519:monticello.org
2505:
2491:
2465:
2441:
2425:monticello.org
2411:
2398:
2383:
2374:
2372:, p. 204.
2359:
2357:, p. 207.
2347:
2338:
2329:
2311:
2296:
2270:
2250:
2243:
2219:
2212:
2188:
2167:
2160:
2136:
2129:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2070:
2048:
2035:
2022:
2015:
1993:
1963:
1947:
1922:
1904:Ellis, Chris.
1896:
1867:
1860:
1836:
1829:
1809:
1784:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1736:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1656:Carrara marble
1652:Naval Monument
1632:Main article:
1629:
1626:
1560:
1557:
1487:A painting of
1474:Richard Somers
1472:under Captain
1401:
1398:
1290:Bey of Tripoli
1231:, traveled to
1159:
1156:
1112:silver coinage
1007:Dey of Algiers
906:
903:
871:Tripolitan War
859:
858:
856:
855:
848:
841:
833:
830:
829:
817:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
773:
772:
759:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
733:
731:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
672:
670:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
623:
622:
617:
609:
607:
606:
601:
593:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
554:
553:
543:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
515:a series about
511:
509:
492:
491:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
462:
459:
458:
447:
446:
439:
432:
424:
416:
415:
414:4,000 soldiers
412:11–20 gunboats
408:
352:
351:
347:
346:
296:
239:Richard Morris
206:
205:
201:
200:
172:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:
114:
111:
103:
99:
98:
84:
82:
78:
77:
72:
64:
63:
43:
42:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6202:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6115:Redemptorists
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6084:
6077:
6073:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5981:Siege of Oran
5979:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5686:Siege of Oran
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5638:Siege of Nice
5636:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5608:Sack of Mahón
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5534:
5530:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5466:
5462:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5360:Sulayman Reis
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5224:
5220:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5164:Barbary coast
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5112:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5085:War on terror
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4601:
4596:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4566:
4565:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4508:(grandfather)
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4428:Francis Eppes
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4398:Eston Hemings
4396:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:Jefferson Lab
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3983:Ward republic
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3948:Betty Hemings
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3938:Sally Hemings
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:Poplar Forest
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:Barboursville
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3661:Residence Act
3659:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3646:republicanism
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3129:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2983:. McFarland.
2982:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2909:
2907:1-55750-966-2
2903:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2889:0-471-44415-4
2885:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2789:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2735:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2605:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2544:(2005-07-07)
2543:
2542:Woods, Thomas
2538:
2536:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2469:
2462:
2458:
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2430:
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2422:
2415:
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2364:
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2342:
2333:
2325:
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2315:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2045:
2039:
2032:
2026:
2018:
2012:
2007:
2006:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1813:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1734:United States
1725:
1724:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:Joseph Israel
1645:
1641:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1537:Marines' Hymn
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:William Eaton
1498:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:rechristened
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1353:
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1316:Constellation
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1230:
1229:Edward Preble
1225:
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1019:
1016:
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999:
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993:
989:
985:
984:Great Britain
981:
977:
972:
969:
965:
961:
957:
956:Mediterranean
953:
952:Barbary Coast
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
930:provinces of
929:
925:
920:
916:
912:
902:
900:
897:, and in the
896:
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884:
880:
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749:Autobiography
747:
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678:1804 election
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632:Fiscal policy
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621:
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615:1800 election
613:
612:
605:
602:
600:
597:
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589:
588:Personal life
586:
584:
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578:1796 election
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356:United States
354:
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331:
322:
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302:
297:
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284:
279:
273:
268:
262:
261:Edward Preble
257:
251:
250:William Eaton
246:
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224:
218:
213:
208:
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196:
184:
173:
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142:
141:United States
131:
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125:
115:
112:
109:
108:
107:
106:Peace treaty
104:
101:
100:
96:
92:
88:
87:Mediterranean
83:
80:
79:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
60:
56:
49:
44:
41:
36:
31:
24:
19:
6150:Barbary Wars
6120:Trinitarians
6020:
6014:19th century
5891:18th century
5756:17th century
5746:Sack of Sori
5547:16th century
5415:19th century
5394:18th century
5345:Jan Janszoon
5338:17th century
5237:16th century
4897:World War II
4801:
4691:Hamburg riot
4557:
4551:Aaron Burr →
4547:← John Adams
4538:
4533:← John Adams
4531:
4338:
4327:2015 musical
4321:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4262:1969 musical
4256:
4253:(1953 short)
4248:
4242:The Patriots
4240:
4034:Bibliography
3960:
3930:
3824:
3799:
3792:
3715:architecture
3713:Jeffersonian
3700:
3696:Swivel chair
3677:
3652:
3541:
3526:
3512:
3508:
3320:
3312:documents of
3165:
3154:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3080:
3070:
3051:
3029:
3009:
3002:, Free Press
2999:
2979:
2947:
2931:
2897:
2878:
2857:
2836:
2811:
2807:
2800:Bibliography
2788:
2777:, retrieved
2773:the original
2767:
2760:
2743:
2734:
2710:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2665:Fye, Shaan.
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2644:the original
2639:
2630:
2613:
2604:
2588:
2564:
2558:
2549:
2522:. Retrieved
2518:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2476:
2468:
2432:. Retrieved
2424:
2414:
2406:
2401:
2377:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2287:
2273:
2259:
2253:
2229:
2222:
2198:
2191:
2177:
2170:
2146:
2139:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2073:
2064:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2025:
2004:
1996:
1972:
1966:
1956:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1934:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:
1899:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:
1878:Woods, Tom.
1846:
1839:
1819:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1796:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1761:
1664:Constitution
1663:
1651:
1639:
1637:
1618:
1598:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1554:, April 1805
1515:from Crete,
1494:
1477:
1469:
1467:
1463:Philadelphia
1462:
1459:Philadelphia
1458:
1454:
1440:
1436:Philadelphia
1435:
1427:Philadelphia
1426:
1424:
1420:Philadelphia
1419:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1339:Philadelphia
1338:
1332:
1327:
1323:Constitution
1322:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1241:Ferdinand IV
1226:
1213:constitution
1209:Richard Dale
1206:
1200:Philadelphia
1199:
1178:
1172:
1164:six frigates
1161:
1116:
1111:
1097:
1086:
1079:
1068:
1063:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1017:
1012:
973:
922:
883:Tripolitania
879:Barbary Wars
874:
870:
866:
864:
812:Bibliography
661:
604:Inauguration
451:
393:
387:
375:
367:
359:
355:
228:Richard Dale
127:Belligerents
105:
58:
54:
40:Barbary Wars
38:Part of the
18:
6001:(1796-1802)
5983:(1790–1792)
5977:(1790–1813)
5877:(1694–1727)
5795:(1620–1621)
5646:(1543-1544)
5427:Hussein Dey
5375:Ali Bitchin
5350:Salé Rovers
5314:Arnaut Mami
5309:Hasan Pasha
5294:Hasan Corso
5144:Territories
4952:Bosnian War
4912:Vietnam War
4887:World War I
4877:Banana Wars
4807:War of 1812
4518:Henry Soane
4494:Dabney Carr
4488:Samuel Carr
4318:(2015 play)
4286:(1997 film)
4278:(1995 film)
4245:(1946 play)
3968:Tufton Farm
3755:The Rotunda
3590:Other noted
3425:Co-author,
3293:(1775–1776)
3281:(1779–1781)
3270:(1783–1784)
3258:(1785–1789)
3250:(1790–1793)
3239:(1797–1801)
3228:(1801–1809)
2952:Basic Books
2621:, pp.
2593:Keynes 2004
2381:Rojas, 165.
2370:Farber 2014
2355:Farber 2014
2307:London 2005
1802:11 February
1777:11 February
1606:New Yorkers
1594:War of 1812
1590:Tobias Lear
1588:, diplomat
1580:and paying
723:Embargo Act
673:Second term
383:2 schooners
6139:Categories
5863:Morean War
5828:Cretan War
5422:Ali Khodja
5385:Yusuf Reis
5380:Simon Reis
5324:Sinan Reis
5304:Hasan Agha
5284:Aydın Reis
5279:Kemal Reis
5269:Salah Rais
5227:Commanders
5090:War crimes
4957:Kosovo War
4902:Korean War
4882:Border War
4741:Bonus Army
4736:Tulsa riot
4726:Red Summer
4646:Mormon War
4482:Peter Carr
4436:(grandson)
4430:(grandson)
4412:(grandson)
4406:(grandson)
4388:(daughter)
4382:(daughter)
4376:(daughter)
4340:Washington
4307:John Adams
4250:Ben and Me
4233:depictions
4023:Legacy and
3733:Monticello
3728:Farmington
3509:Chesapeake
3446:Transition
3438:Presidency
2970:2004695066
2961:046500721X
2779:20 January
2676:20 January
2595:, p.
2524:14 October
2345:Rojas, 163
2103:Rojas, 176
1753:References
1525:Alexandria
1369:John Adams
1328:Enterprise
1310:Chesapeake
1274:Enterprise
1128:Federalist
1053:John Adams
1015:brigantine
946:under the
909:See also:
899:Arab world
782:Monticello
610:First term
599:Presidency
403:midshipmen
399:US Marines
391:3 frigates
379:2 frigates
373:1 schooner
371:6 frigates
365:1 schooner
363:4 frigates
325:Hassan Bey
55:Enterprise
6105:Lazarists
6053:(1829–30)
6023:(1801–05)
5995:(1791–92)
5971:(1785–95)
5953:(1784–92)
5935:(1775–77)
5929:(1774–75)
5923:(1769–72)
5900:(1715–26)
5865:(1684–99)
5847:(1681–85)
5841:(1677–82)
5830:(1645–69)
5789:(1618–22)
5771:(1609–28)
5730:(1568–71)
5537:Conflicts
5469:Diplomacy
5432:Omar Agha
5370:Omar Agha
5174:Cherchell
4797:Quasi-War
4686:Range War
4478:(brother)
4332:2020 film
4267:1972 film
4026:memorials
3992:Elections
3829:(c. 1819)
3702:Megalonyx
2944:Boot, Max
2828:154186346
2729:. p. 100.
2599:(note 31)
2583:. p. 293.
1991:. p. 205.
1602:Georgians
1351:President
1321:USS
1302:USS
1282:in battle
1264:, and 19
1148:Old World
960:enslaving
895:New World
777:Memorials
739:Education
156:(1801–02)
89:coast of
5442:Haji Ali
5264:Occhiali
5080:Cold War
4997:Cameroon
4967:Iraq War
4937:Gulf War
4661:Utah War
4619:Domestic
4564:Category
4496:(nephew)
4490:(nephew)
4484:(nephew)
4472:(sister)
4466:(mother)
4460:(father)
4322:Hamilton
4291:Liberty!
4231:Cultural
4049:Birthday
3963:magazine
3874:patriots
3760:The Lawn
3471:timeline
3352:authored
3310:Founding
3287:Delegate
3264:Delegate
3049:(2007),
2946:(2003).
2930:(1986),
2715:Archived
2650:15 March
2569:Archived
2461:41852623
1977:Archived
1940:21 March
1915:21 March
1682:See also
1628:Monument
1478:Intrepid
1470:Intrepid
1455:Intrepid
1375:Nautilus
1357:Congress
1333:Intrepid
1266:gunboats
1253:Syracuse
1144:Atlantic
1075:Congress
1071:John Jay
1055:went to
1030:schooner
1001:Captain
873:and the
350:Strength
85:Off the
81:Location
6080:Slavery
5199:Tetouan
5179:Mahdiya
5169:Bizerte
5018:Related
4780:Foreign
4089:Statues
3847:Related
3738:gardens
3614:history
3576:Cabinet
3513:Leopard
3343:(1776)
3289:to the
3266:to the
1746:Morocco
1720:Portals
1578:tribute
1521:Berbers
1505:general
1400:Battles
1381:Scourge
1279:Tripoli
1262:galleys
1257:Palermo
1243:of the
1233:Messina
1108:Tripoli
1100:Algiers
1046:Dauphin
1037:Dauphin
976:tribute
940:Tripoli
932:Algiers
928:Ottoman
385:1 ketch
381:3 brigs
195:Morocco
91:Tripoli
59:Tripoli
6100:Bagnio
6059:(1830)
6047:(1828)
6041:(1825)
6035:(1816)
6029:(1815)
5989:(1791)
5965:(1784)
5959:(1784)
5947:(1783)
5941:(1775)
5917:(1758)
5906:(1732)
5883:(1695)
5871:(1688)
5859:(1683)
5853:(1682)
5824:(1637)
5818:(1631)
5812:(1627)
5806:(1624)
5783:(1615)
5777:(1614)
5765:(1609)
5748:(1584)
5742:(1574)
5736:(1571)
5724:(1565)
5718:(1563)
5712:(1560)
5706:(1558)
5700:(1558)
5694:(1558)
5688:(1556)
5682:(1555)
5676:(1553)
5670:(1552)
5664:(1551)
5658:(1551)
5652:(1550)
5640:(1543)
5634:(1540)
5628:(1539)
5622:(1538)
5616:(1537)
5610:(1535)
5604:(1535)
5598:(1534)
5592:(1529)
5586:(1529)
5580:(1522)
5574:(1519)
5568:(1518)
5562:(1516)
5556:(1501)
5329:Dragut
5159:Annaba
4370:(wife)
4361:Family
3816:(1787)
3810:(1786)
3804:(1785)
3682:(1801)
3657:(1790)
3515:affair
3429:(1789)
3409:(1787)
3337:(1775)
3325:(1774)
3301:(1776)
3124:
3088:
3059:
3036:
3017:
2987:
2968:
2958:
2904:
2886:
2866:
2844:
2826:
2725:
2581:391442
2579:
2489:
2459:
2434:18 May
2241:
2210:
2158:
2127:
2013:
1989:242863
1987:
1889:9 July
1858:
1827:
1582:ransom
1565:treaty
1519:, and
1513:Greeks
1393:Hornet
1390:, and
1255:, and
1237:Sicily
1179:Bashaw
1171:, the
1106:, and
1093:vermin
1057:London
1035:, and
1018:Betsey
1009:, 1800
968:France
917:, and
891:Sweden
765:Legacy
760:Legacy
198:(1802)
192:
180:
169:Sicily
166:
153:Sweden
150:
138:
102:Result
5189:Rabat
5002:Libya
4992:Syria
4400:(son)
4394:(son)
2824:S2CID
2623:11–12
2498:9 May
2457:JSTOR
2235:17–18
1660:Italy
1552:Derna
1533:Derna
1529:Egypt
1517:Arabs
1451:ketch
1387:Syren
1363:Essex
1345:Vixen
1304:Argus
1174:Pasha
1104:Tunis
1042:Maria
1033:Maria
950:(the
936:Tunis
754:Death
486:Derne
95:Derna
5244:Aruj
5184:Oran
4987:Iraq
4257:1776
4012:1804
4007:1800
4002:1796
3569:1805
3564:1802
3559:1801
3122:ISBN
3086:ISBN
3057:ISBN
3034:ISBN
3015:ISBN
2985:ISBN
2966:LCCN
2956:ISBN
2902:ISBN
2884:ISBN
2864:ISBN
2842:ISBN
2781:2007
2723:ISBN
2678:2016
2652:2009
2577:OCLC
2526:2014
2500:2011
2487:ISBN
2436:2019
2239:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2125:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1985:OCLC
1942:2024
1917:2024
1891:2014
1856:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1804:2017
1779:2017
1638:The
1408:and
1295:The
1177:(or
1130:and
1122:the
1044:and
865:The
71:Date
53:USS
3276:2nd
3245:1st
3234:2nd
3223:3rd
2816:doi
2597:191
2204:184
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
