1815:
reasons why its etymology has been a matter of debate. According to Jean Deny, it probably derived from padişah (pādishāh, emperor), with the possible influence of baskak (bāsqāq, agent, tax collector), as suggested by
Gerhard Doerfer. Alternative theories claim that it is a modification of the word başağa (bāş āghā), which was used to designate a 'principal elder brother' or 'prince's elder son' in pre-Ottoman times. Some Turkish lexicographers, including Ahmed Vefik (Aḥmed Vefīḳ) Paşa and Mehmed Salahi (Meḥmed Salāhī), assert that it most likely originated from başa (bāşa) or beşe (elder brother), which was a title generally attributed to provincial notables and janissaries. This theory rests on a double hypothesis: 1) the first Ottoman honoured with the title was probably Alaeddin (ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn), the brother of Orhan (Orkhān, r. c. 724–63/1324–62), and 2) it was also conferred on his designated successors in the second half of the eighth/fourteenth century. In any case, two facts are indisputable. Some Anatolian emirs made use of this honorific distinction before the Ottomans, such as Aydınlı Umur (Umūr) Paşa (d. 748/1348). Moreover, outside of members of the Ottoman family circle, the first dignitaries awarded the title were the sultan's most prominent lieutenants, such as Çandarlı Kara Halil (Qara Khalīl, d. 789/1387), chief of the administration and commander of the army in the reign of Murad (Murād) I (r. 763–91/1362–89).
978:
2038:
2042:
531:
928:
988:
2111:
968:
918:
938:
2223:
472:
2115:
958:
948:
1004:
861:(imperial seal). The title did not bestow rank or title to the wife nor was any religious leader elevated to the title. In contrast to western nobility titles, where the title normally is added before the given name, Ottoman titles followed the given name. In contacts with foreign emissaries and representatives, holders of the title Pasha were often referred to as "Your Excellency".
1814:
The use of paşa (pāşā) as an
Ottoman title emerged immediately after the reign of Osman I (ʿOthmān I, d. c. 724/1324), contrary to previous honorific designations used for upper dignitaries, such as emir (emīr), bey (beg), mirimiran (mīrimīrān), and vezir (vezīr, vizier). This is probably one of the
663:
appears originally to have applied exclusively to military commanders and only high ranking family of the sultans, but subsequently it could distinguish any high official, and also unofficial persons whom the court desired to honour.
694:
tradition) or peacock tails that the bearers were entitled to display on their standard as a symbol of military authority when on campaign. Only the sultan himself was entitled to four tails, as
837:
and was noted in
Egyptian media in 2014 as one of the main "families that rule Egypt" to this day, and as "deeply rooted in Egyptian society and… in the history of the country."
2311:
1018:
1730:
145:
attributes the origin of the
English borrowing to the mid-17th century. The etymology of the Turkish word itself has been a matter of debate. Contrary to titles like
2155:
2176:
977:
2291:
890:
The
Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Although it is no longer an official title, high-ranking officers of the
1265:
2200:
585:
2243:
2003:
1540:
2024:
1635:
1759:
1024:
2238:
257:. According to Oxford Dictionaries, the Turkish word from which it was borrowed was formed as a result of the combination of the
592:, however, it still owed technical fealty to the Ottoman Sultan. Moreover, Muhammad Ali harboured ambitions of supplanting the
1740:
2095:
1839:
275:
2085:
690:
Three grades of Pasha existed, distinguished by the number of horse tails (three, two, and one respectively; a symbol of
355:), which denoted a 'principal elder brother' or 'prince's elder son' in the pre-Ottoman period. According to etymologist
1949:
845:
As an honorific, the title pasha was an aristocratic title and could be hereditary or non-hereditary, stipulated in the
2301:
1889:
1864:
1798:
Bouquet, Olivier (2014). "Paşa". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
1929:
1920:
Deny, Jean (1995). "Pas̲h̲a". In
Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
1807:
1676:
883:, it is used as an honorific closer to "Sir" than "Lord", especially by older people. Among Egyptians born since the
833:
is known as "the family of the pashas" for having produced the largest number of nobles holding this title under the
511:
2306:
1212:
2174:
1281:
1227:
826:
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1452:
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without distinction. They also frequently gave it to foreigners in the service of the
Ottoman Empire, or of the
2266:
2148:
2039:"عرب أم شركس أم خليط منهما ؟. عائلات الأباظية في مصر تتكيف نموذجياً مع المتغيرات الاجتماعية والتقلبات السياسية"
887:
and the abolition of aristocratic titles, it is considered a highly formal way of addressing one's male peers.
576:) came to be used in Egypt, which was conquered by the Ottomans in 1517. The rise to power in Egypt in 1805 by
493:
1314:
790:(the most common type of Governor) were entitled to the style of Pasha (typically with two tails). The word
1112:
1106:
1095:
704:
The following military ranks entitled the holder to the style Pasha (lower ranks were styled Bey or merely
232:
716:(Grand Vizier, the prime minister, but also often taking the field as Generalissimo instead of the Sultan)
1735:
884:
188:
1561:(Józef Bem), Polish general and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, who served in the Ottoman Empire.
2286:
2140:
1100:
1073:
1389:, is known as the father of obstetrics and gynaecology in Egypt and was a pioneer in obstetric fistula
409:, the latter meaning 'elder brother' and being a title given to some Ottoman provincial officials and
142:
1975:
177:
of the same era. Old
Turkish had no fixed distinction between /b/ and /p/, and the word was spelled
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62:
20:
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1996:
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Even in
Ottoman Turkish much military vocabulary is borrowed from Persian. The highest rank,
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971:
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after his military title, besides the administrative term for the type of jurisdiction, e.g.
676:
577:
564:
that it was the sole "Turkish title which carries with it any definite rank and precedence".
2000:
1335:
343:
Some theories have posited a
Turkish or Turkic origin of the word, claiming it derived from
2020:
1633:
1463:
1386:
1381:
1323:
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1217:
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891:
834:
621:
8:
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1963:
1709:
1332:, was an Egyptian Coptic leader, politician, and founder of the Coptic Museum in Cairo
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in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district.
1945:
742:
530:
358:
1701:
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1402:
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The inclusion criterion is that the person held the rank of "pasha" in his society
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2007:
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As first used in western Europe, the title appeared in writing with an initial
206:
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1705:
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917:
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2234:
2229:
1955:
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27:
16:
Title for high-ranking military or political officials in the Ottoman Empire
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432:, etc., general in the 16th and 17th century, derive through the medieval
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931:
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223:
2247:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 883.
1509:
1424:
1164:
967:
810:
496: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
447:
1692:
Belghazi, Taieb (2006). "Festivalization of Urban Space in Morocco".
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1150:
1033:
by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.
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85:
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226:
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are often referred to as "pashas" by the Turkish public and media.
795:
766:
746:
601:
290:
77:
2228:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
947:
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and Mehmed Salahi, argued it was most likely derived from Turkish
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or other jurisdiction of a Pasha, such as the Pasha or Bashaw of
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Ottoman and Egyptian authorities conferred the title upon both
772:
719:
684:
451:
173:(d. 1324), though it had been used before the Ottomans by some
1667:
Benzakour, Fouzia; Gaadi, Driss; Queffélec, Ambroise (2000).
433:
1147:
909:, similar to the term "skipper" in the Anglophone navies.
536:
246:
161:), which were established in usage much earlier, the title
146:
1284:(William Hicks), British Colonel, Hero of the Mahdist Wars
671:(Grand Admiral of the Ottoman fleet). Pashas ranked above
1882:
The Last Lingua Franca: English Until the Return of Babel
1573:
1058:
672:
604:), and sought to style his Egyptian realm as a successor
287:, the word is "more than likely derived from the Persian
154:
2031:
1666:
92:
was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century
2312:
Titles in Bosnia and Herzegovina during Ottoman period
1449:
the longest serving Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
1209:, (General Richard Guyon), also known as Kurshid Pasha
1854:
608:
to the Ottoman Empire. As such, he bore the title of
1669:
Le Français au Maroc: Lexique et contacts de langues
1466:, known as "Alibasah Sentot" or "Sentot Ali Pasha".
1412:
Qassim Pasha Al Zuhair, Pasha of Albasrah and Kuwait
268:
262:
237:
76:
political and military system, typically granted to
67:
2021:"عائلات تحكم مصر.. 1 ـ 'الأباظية' عائلة الباشوات"
2253:
1543:(Sir William Williams), Canadian/British General
756:, the highest Muslim clergyman, of cabinet rank.
741:(chief black eunuch, the highest officer in the
391:). Some earlier Turkish lexicographers, such as
2137:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
458:due to the absence of the /p/ sound in Arabic.
26:"Paşa" redirects here. For the footballer, see
1834:(in Turkish). Simurg Kitapçılık. p. 290.
1378:, founder of the post-Ottoman Turkish republic
728:(army lieutenant-general or navy vice-admiral)
667:It was also part of the official style of the
2083:
1903:
1897:
1604:In older works it is sometimes anglicized as
749:corps of the halberdiers in the imperial army
462:Role in Ottoman and Egyptian political system
441:
386:
380:
356:
350:
344:
335:
329:
316:
306:
296:
288:
252:
244:
211:
178:
136:
123:
1832:Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lugatı
972:Major-General Charles George Gordon CB Pasha
584:military commander, effectively established
1374:Mustafa Kemal Pasha, subsequently known as
567:It was through this custom that the title (
1855:Meri, Josef W.; Jere L. Bacharach (2006).
1125:("Ibrahim Pasha of Parga"), also known as
656:officially recognised Isma'il as Khedive.
1982:
1857:Medieval Islamic Civilization: L–Z, index
1694:Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies
912:
512:Learn how and when to remove this message
2233:
2084:Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (1984-01-12).
2056:
1691:
1630:The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
1443:, British officer in the Egyptian police
986:
976:
966:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
529:
2292:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2135:Shaw, Stanford J. and Ezel Kural Shaw.
1797:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1586:List of Ottoman titles and appellations
612:, in addition to the official title of
2254:
1922:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1879:
1826:
571:
450:, the title became used frequently in
2203:from the original on 8 September 2017
1859:. Taylor & Francis. p. 814.
1657:"Pacha" used as spelling in this text
1650:
648:ceasing to be used in 1867, when the
552:had the right to bestow the title of
446:. Due to the Ottoman presence in the
1944:
1919:
1913:
1782:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1725:
1723:
997:
855:) issued by the Sultan carrying the
494:adding citations to reliable sources
465:
371:
218:
41:
745:; three tails, as commander of the
387:
363:, the word is derived from Turkish
340:), meaning 'agent, tax collector'.
297:
253:
243:) and the root of the Persian word
57:
13:
2087:Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali
905:in French) is the nickname of the
640:also inherited these titles, with
321:, while repeating a suggestion by
14:
2323:
1747:
1720:
1565:Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha of Tripoli
1512:(Tevfik Pasha), Arab pan-Islamist
1230:(Augustus Charles Hobart-Hampden)
760:If a Pasha governed a provincial
616:, and the self-declared title of
2221:
2027:from the original on 2015-11-28.
1993:Turkish Life in Town and Country
1002:
864:The sons of a Pasha were styled
562:Turkish Life in Town and Country
470:
2185:
2165:
2129:
2112:"عائلة الباشوات أباظة - Search"
2104:
2077:
2013:
1938:
1873:
1848:
1317:(Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz)
734:(major general or rear-admiral)
481:needs additional citations for
169:usage right after the reign of
2090:. Cambridge University Press.
1902:, was a shortening of Persian
1884:. Penguin UK. pp. 1–352.
1820:
1685:
1660:
1644:
1622:
1598:
1109:(Claude Alexandre de Bonneval)
829:. In an Egyptian context, the
569:Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:
315:also attributed its origin to
1:
1800:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
1764:Oxford Dictionaries (English)
1615:
1320:Krayem Pasha Al Nahar, Jordan
1213:Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier
1096:Barbarossa Khair ad-Din Pasha
2114:. 2024-03-19. Archived from
1416:Radu Bey, Pasha of Wallachia
1113:Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
1103:(Ransford Dodsworth Bucknam)
840:
622:Egyptian and Sudanese throne
405:
398:
365:
301:). The same view is held by
269:
263:
227:
222:'head, chief'), itself from
200:
194:
131:
117:
103:
7:
1904:
1736:Online Etymology Dictionary
1579:
381:
317:
307:
289:
245:
189:Online Etymology Dictionary
183:still in the 15th century.
68:
10:
2328:
2141:Cambridge University Press
2064:"Rushdi Abaza, AlexCinema"
1348:(Heinrich August Meissner)
523:
325:that it was influenced by
274:
238:
25:
18:
2302:Turkish words and phrases
1880:Ostler, Nicholas (2010).
1706:10.1080/10669920500515168
1555:, Egyptian Prime Minister
1236:, arms and algebra expert
879:and (to a lesser extent)
375:'boy, prince'), which is
357:
143:Oxford English Dictionary
72:) was a high rank in the
1591:
1470:Muslim commander during
1354:(Antoine Ignace Melling)
1311:(Otto Liman von Sanders)
1297:Multiple members of the
786:(governors-general) and
620:. His successors to the
526:Egypt under Muhammad Ali
204:was itself from Turkish
175:Anatolian Turkish rulers
96:and it was also used in
2307:Bengali Muslim surnames
2244:Encyclopædia Britannica
2193:"جريدة الدستور البصرية"
1989:Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane
1501:, vali of Mosul 1910-12
1485:(Charles Pomeroy Stone)
1309:Liman von Sanders Pasha
1304:Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha
1203:(Charles George Gordon)
764:, it could be called a
560:wrote in the 1904 work
1924:. Vol. 8. Brill.
1898:
1671:. De Boeck Supérieur.
1655:. pp. Chapter 42.
1572:, Egyptian Pashas and
1341:Mehmed Pasha Sokolović
1197:(Sir John Bagot Glubb)
1057:, Egyptian Pashas and
995:
984:
974:
964:
954:
944:
934:
924:
913:List of notable pashas
558:Lucy Mary Jane Garnett
541:
442:
351:
345:
336:
330:
212:
205:
179:
137:
124:
49:
21:Pasha (disambiguation)
2267:Noble titles of Egypt
1460:, Kurdish nationalist
1376:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1363:Müezzinzade Ali Pasha
1133:("the Favorite") and
1123:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
990:
980:
970:
960:
950:
940:
930:
920:
533:
524:Further information:
2151:, 9780521291668. p.
1958:on 20 November 2012.
1653:The Innocents Abroad
1651:Twain, Mark (1869).
1516:Turhan Pasha Përmeti
1464:Sentot Prawirodirdjo
1437:, Egyptian statesman
1387:Naguib Pasha Mahfouz
1382:Mustafa Reshid Pasha
1330:Marcus Simaika Pasha
1324:Mahmud Dramali Pasha
1234:Hüseyin Tevfik Pasha
1218:Hagop Kazazian Pasha
1135:Maktul Ibrahim Pasha
1131:Makbul Ibrahim Pasha
892:Turkish Armed Forces
835:Muhammad Ali dynasty
540:with two horse tails
490:improve this article
454:, though pronounced
420:. The English forms
19:For other uses, see
1632:, Chapter 68, etal
1553:Youssef Wahba Pasha
1549:(Henry Felix Woods)
1245:Ibrahim Edhem Pasha
1240:Hussein Refki Pasha
1223:Hajji Mustafa Pasha
1175:Essad Pasha Toptani
1129:("the Westerner"),
1127:Frenk Ibrahim Pasha
922:Mustafa Kemal Pasha
233:Proto-Indo-European
2197:www.al-jazirah.com
2179:2016-12-03 at the
2158:2024-01-02 at the
2006:2024-01-02 at the
1997:G.P. Putnam's Sons
1743:on 6 October 2013.
1638:2019-05-09 at the
1371:, viceroy of Egypt
1369:Muhammad Ali Pasha
1336:Mehmet Esat Bülkat
1277:Kara Mustafa Pasha
1273:, Moroccan general
1031:clean up the lists
996:
985:
975:
965:
955:
945:
942:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
935:
925:
907:Commanding Officer
885:Revolution of 1952
853:patent of nobility
815:Egyptian Khedivate
699:commander in chief
542:
2287:Titles in Lebanon
2097:978-0-521-28968-9
2066:. www.bibalex.org
2023:. 26 March 2014.
1841:978-975-7172-56-7
1559:Yusuf Murad Pasha
1365:, Ottoman admiral
1326:, Ottoman general
1185:Fekry Pasha Abaza
1092:(Valentine Baker)
1080:Ali Pasha Mubarak
1076:, multiple people
1069:Abbas II of Egypt
1048:
1047:
994:Ben Schauma Pasha
752:Constantinople's
590:independent state
522:
521:
514:
285:Jere L. Bacharach
108:The English word
66:
2319:
2248:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2189:
2183:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2041:. Archived from
2035:
2029:
2028:
2017:
2011:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1954:. Archived from
1942:
1936:
1935:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1830:(2002). "başa".
1824:
1818:
1817:
1795:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1770:on 16 April 2017
1766:. Archived from
1756:
1745:
1744:
1739:. Archived from
1727:
1718:
1717:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1642:
1626:
1609:
1602:
1494:Sultan al-Atrash
1403:Omar Pasha Latas
1137:("the Executed")
1064:Abbas I of Egypt
1043:
1040:
1034:
1006:
1005:
998:
982:Aziz Pasha Abaza
952:Osman Nuri Pasha
881:Levantine Arabic
575:
573:[ˈbæːʃæ]
570:
517:
510:
506:
503:
497:
474:
466:
445:
408:
401:
393:Ahmed Vefik Paşa
390:
389:
384:
374:
373:
368:
362:
361:
354:
348:
339:
333:
320:
310:
300:
299:
294:
279:). According to
278:
272:
266:
256:
255:
250:
241:
240:
231:('master', from
230:
221:
220:
215:
203:
197:
182:
140:
134:
127:
120:
94:Kingdom of Egypt
71:
61:
59:
43:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2252:
2251:
2237:, ed. (1911). "
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2181:Wayback Machine
2171:
2170:
2166:
2160:Wayback Machine
2143:, 27 May 1977.
2134:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2082:
2078:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2061:
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2008:Wayback Machine
1987:
1983:
1971:
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1960:
1946:Nişanyan, Sevan
1943:
1939:
1932:
1918:
1914:
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1849:
1842:
1828:Tietze, Andreas
1825:
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1640:Wayback Machine
1628:Edward Gibbon.
1627:
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1613:
1612:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1582:
1570:Zulfikar family
1293:Kilic Ali Pasha
1256:Jafar al-Askari
1153:& Pasha of
1044:
1038:
1035:
1028:
1007:
1003:
962:Donizetti Pasha
915:
843:
825:in turn), e.g.
794:designated any
777:vilayet/walayah
754:Shaikh ul-Islam
722:(Field marshal)
568:
528:
518:
507:
501:
498:
487:
475:
464:
323:Gerhard Doerfer
303:Nicholas Ostler
210: /
106:
38:Ottoman Turkish
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2325:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Turkish titles
2294:
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2282:Titles in Iran
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2277:Ottoman titles
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2235:Chisholm, Hugh
2215:
2214:
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2012:
1981:
1937:
1930:
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1891:978-0141922218
1890:
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1866:978-0415966924
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1541:Williams Pasha
1538:
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1528:
1523:
1518:
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1507:
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1496:
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1489:Sulejman Pasha
1486:
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1474:
1461:
1455:
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1444:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:Vlad III Tepes
1413:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1366:
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1355:
1349:
1346:Meissner Pasha
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1299:Köprülü family
1295:
1290:
1288:Kazazian Pasha
1285:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1263:
1258:
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1242:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1220:
1215:
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1198:
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1160:El-Emam family
1157:
1138:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:Andranik Pasha
1082:
1077:
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1046:
1045:
1025:embedded lists
1019:indiscriminate
1010:
1008:
1001:
914:
911:
842:
839:
758:
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750:
743:Topkapı Palace
735:
729:
723:
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650:Ottoman Sultan
598:Constantinople
546:Ottoman Empire
520:
519:
502:September 2023
478:
476:
469:
463:
460:
359:Sevan Nişanyan
192:, the Turkish
105:
102:
88:, and others.
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2324:
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2230:public domain
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2139:(Volume II).
2138:
2132:
2118:on 2024-03-19
2117:
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2045:on 2016-12-27
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2016:
2009:
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2002:
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1965:
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1700:(1): 97–107.
1699:
1695:
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1678:9782801112601
1674:
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1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:Russell Pasha
1439:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:, Brother of
1417:
1414:
1411:
1409:
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1396:
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1383:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:Melling Pasha
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
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1252:(İsmet İnönü)
1251:
1248:
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1241:
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1224:
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1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:Bucknam Pasha
1099:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
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1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1042:
1039:February 2023
1032:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1011:This section
1009:
1000:
999:
993:
989:
983:
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714:Vizier-i-Azam
711:
710:
709:
707:
702:
700:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:Kapudan Pasha
665:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:Osman Dynasty
591:
589:
583:
579:
574:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
539:
538:
532:
527:
516:
513:
505:
495:
491:
485:
484:
479:This section
477:
473:
468:
467:
459:
457:
453:
449:
444:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
407:
402:
400:
394:
383:
379:with Persian
378:
367:
360:
353:
347:
341:
338:
332:
328:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
293:
292:
286:
282:
281:Josef W. Meri
277:
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265:
260:
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248:
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196:
191:
190:
186:According to
184:
181:
176:
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133:
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126:
119:
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91:
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79:
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64:
55:
51:
47:
39:
35:
29:
22:
2272:Noble titles
2242:
2205:. Retrieved
2196:
2187:
2167:
2136:
2131:
2120:. Retrieved
2116:the original
2106:
2086:
2079:
2068:. Retrieved
2058:
2047:. Retrieved
2043:the original
2033:
2015:
1992:
1984:
1956:the original
1950:
1940:
1921:
1915:
1895:
1881:
1875:
1856:
1850:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1799:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:the original
1763:
1741:the original
1734:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1668:
1662:
1652:
1646:
1629:
1624:
1605:
1600:
1531:Vartan Pasha
1447:Rüstem Pasha
1408:Piyale Pasha
1358:Midhat Pasha
1228:Hobart Pasha
1201:Gordon Pasha
1180:Fakhri Pasha
1134:
1130:
1126:
1118:Djemal Pasha
1055:Abaza Family
1049:
1036:
1029:Please help
1013:may contain
1012:
902:
896:
889:
874:
869:
865:
863:
856:
846:
844:
831:Abaza Family
827:Hobart Pasha
804:
791:
782:
771:
765:
759:
703:
692:Turco-Mongol
689:
679:, but below
666:
660:
658:
645:
641:
609:
587:
578:Muhammad Ali
566:
561:
553:
543:
535:
508:
499:
488:Please help
483:verification
480:
455:
429:
425:
421:
417:
415:
396:
342:
267:'lord', and
236:
187:
185:
162:
158:
150:
122:
109:
107:
89:
33:
32:
2172:(in French)
1999:, 1904. p.
1972:|work=
1547:Woods Pasha
1536:Wehib Pasha
1526:Urabi Pasha
1521:Tusun Pasha
1505:Talat Pasha
1499:Tahir Pasha
1483:Stone Pasha
1477:Sinan Pasha
1458:Şerif Pasha
1435:Riyad Pasha
1398:Osman Pasha
1393:Nubar Pasha
1315:Goltz Pasha
1282:Hicks Pasha
1271:Judar Pasha
1261:Jamal Pasha
1250:İsmet Pasha
1207:Guyon Pasha
1195:Glubb Pasha
1170:Enver Pasha
1107:Ahmed Pasha
1090:Baker Pasha
1021:information
992:Stone Pasha
932:Enver Pasha
901:, "pasha" (
899:French Navy
788:valis/wālis
739:Kizlar Agha
586:Egypt as a
544:Within the
411:janissaries
403:or Turkish
224:Old Persian
112:comes from
86:dignitaries
2256:Categories
2149:0521291666
2122:2024-04-02
2070:2012-08-23
2049:2016-12-06
1908:'emperor'.
1616:References
1510:Tawfiq Bay
1453:Said Pasha
1425:Refet Bele
1266:John Pasha
1190:Fuad Pasha
1165:Emin Pasha
1015:unverified
875:In modern
811:Christians
783:beylerbeys
659:The title
534:A pasha's
448:Arab world
165:came into
28:Cahit Paşa
1974:ignored (
1964:cite book
1802:. Brill.
1714:145764601
1430:Regep Aga
1151:Commander
1074:Ali Pasha
870:Pashazade
866:Pashazada
841:Honorific
819:Sultanate
762:territory
696:sovereign
654:Abdülaziz
606:sultanate
313:Jean Deny
104:Etymology
78:governors
63:romanized
2207:29 April
2201:Archived
2177:Archived
2156:Archived
2025:Archived
2004:Archived
1774:15 April
1636:Archived
1580:See also
1472:Java War
1468:Javanese
877:Egyptian
796:province
792:pashalik
767:pashaluk
747:baltadji
681:Khedives
602:Istanbul
588:de facto
582:Albanian
352:bāş āghā
318:padishah
308:padishah
291:Padishah
276:𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠
141:)). The
82:generals
2232::
1905:padišāh
1760:"Pasha"
1731:"pasha"
1155:Tripoli
1145:Ottoman
897:In the
823:Kingdom
817:(later
807:Muslims
800:Tripoli
780:. Both
706:Effendi
685:Viziers
638:Isma'il
626:Ibrahim
618:Khedive
438:Italian
377:cognate
259:Pahlavi
171:Osman I
167:Ottoman
129:; also
114:Turkish
98:Morocco
74:Ottoman
65::
46:Turkish
2262:Pashas
2226:
2147:
2094:
1928:
1888:
1863:
1838:
1806:
1712:
1675:
1606:bashaw
1141:Dragut
858:tughra
848:firman
821:, and
773:eyalet
720:Mushir
644:, and
636:, and
550:Sultan
548:, the
452:Arabic
426:bassaw
422:bashaw
346:başağa
337:bāsqāq
331:baskak
327:Turkic
298:پادشاه
261:words
153:) and
54:Arabic
2239:Pasha
1710:S2CID
1592:Notes
1148:Naval
903:pacha
726:Ferik
677:Aghas
661:Pasha
642:Pasha
634:Sa'id
630:Abbas
610:Pasha
600:(now
580:, an
554:Pasha
456:basha
443:bassa
440:word
434:Latin
430:bucha
382:bačče
264:pati-
228:pati-
201:basha
195:pasha
163:pasha
132:basha
118:pasha
110:pasha
90:Pasha
69:basha
34:Pasha
2209:2018
2145:ISBN
2092:ISBN
1976:help
1951:paşa
1926:ISBN
1899:paşa
1886:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1776:2017
1673:ISBN
1574:Beys
1059:Beys
809:and
737:The
732:Liva
712:The
683:and
675:and
673:Beys
646:Wāli
614:Wāli
537:tugh
436:and
406:beşe
399:başa
388:بچّه
372:بچّه
366:beşe
283:and
270:shah
247:shah
239:poti
213:bash
180:başa
151:amīr
147:emir
138:bāşā
125:pāşā
58:باشا
50:paşa
42:پاشا
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2153:386
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254:شاه
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207:baş
198:or
159:beg
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.