244:
1632:
3346:
462:
3030:
122:
469:
5520:
5544:
5508:
1499:
4398:
5556:
9455:
2697:
25:
5532:
772:
1483:
and
Ottomans, new trends were also acquired. Especially wandering traditional crafts artists and architects helped spread these new trends and localized styles to several beyliks across Anatolia, which resulted in innovative and original works particularly in architecture. Wood and stone carving,
692:, failing and losing power every time. By the close of the century, the early Ottoman leaders had conquered large parts of land from Karamanids and other less prominent beyliks. These had a short respite when their territories were restored to them after the Ottoman defeat suffered against
373:
became gradually less and less able to resist these attacks, and many Turks began to settle in western parts of
Anatolia. As a result, many more beyliks were founded in these newly conquered realms, who engaged in power struggles with the
671:
either through the acquisition of towns or by cementing marriage alliances. Meanwhile, wary of an increase in
Ottoman regional power, the Karamanids repeatedly engaged in conflict with the Ottomans with the help of other beyliks,
1454:
Combined with the
Seljuks and the migration of Turkic tribes into the Anatolian mainland, the Anatolian beyliks spread the Turkic language and Islamic culture in Anatolia. Unlike the Seljuks, whose administrative language was
1547:(1312) built by the Aydın beylik. The above mosques, although being successors of Seljuq architecture, differ greatly in the increase of decorations in the interior and exterior spaces and the different placement of the
7342:
7896:
8155:
1578:(1409), all of which respect a new style that considers and incorporates the exterior surroundings also. One of the first examples of the Anatolian beylik architecture hinting at the forming of the
8137:
8072:
8167:
8161:
5594:
8830:
8149:
739:
who more or less completely united the present territories of Turkey (and much more) in his 1534 campaign. Many of the former
Anatolian beyliks subsequently became the basis for the
7617:
7318:
8020:
7116:
2489:
1484:
clay tiles and other similar decorative arts of the
Seljuks were still used, however with the influence of the pursuit for new spaces and its reflections in other arts as well.
6490:
8898:
6970:
8143:
6988:
8904:
7611:
2499:
9412:
1598:(1374) built by the Saruhan beylik. Also worth noting is the increase in constructions of madrassas that points at the beyliks' attaching greater importance to sciences.
8298:
7890:
7647:
7104:
7037:
6399:
9424:
9029:
7884:
7828:
7641:
7599:
7324:
4352:
These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
9011:
8999:
8626:
6519:
8398:
8014:
9285:
9167:
9053:
9035:
9023:
7969:
7171:
7165:
5587:
8435:
6819:
6496:
9418:
9059:
9047:
9017:
9005:
7933:
7122:
7000:
179:, the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more extensive period of establishment took place as a result of the decline of the
9406:
7330:
9041:
7791:
7371:
6324:
5400:
9430:
9400:
9339:
8562:
8121:
6294:
8356:
7365:
6554:
6306:
9280:
8793:
6976:
7785:
6715:
6312:
5580:
253:(1375). The caption next to the seated ruler reads: "Asia Minor also called Turkey, where there are many cities and castles." The map is shown upside down.
6288:
6196:
8787:
6548:
6300:
6513:
1475:
In spite of their limited sources and the political climate of their era, art during the
Anatolian beyliks flourished, probably forming the basis for
9291:
9173:
6982:
6813:
6752:
8519:
7521:
6685:
6318:
6525:
4526:
719:, who conquered their lands and re-assured a homogeneous rule in Anatolia. The further steps towards a single rule by the Ottomans were taken by
1631:
8775:
8669:
8620:
6709:
6691:
8614:
8572:
8947:
5063:
3936:
7635:
7605:
8507:
8445:
6964:
6917:
5226:
4605:
4321:
2567:
461:
9500:
9495:
9065:
8513:
8058:
6542:
5868:
2725:
5199:
4600:
3303:
2650:
2555:
2545:
4997:
626:
5885:
4386:
4354:
3018:
2843:
The decline of medieval
Hellenism in Asia Minor: and the process of Islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century
89:
5489:
4631:
4578:
760:
in 1071, mostly situated towards eastern
Anatolia, and who were vassals (or sometimes at war) of the centralized power of the
61:
2826:
9490:
4509:
4364:
2469:
1479:. Although the artistic style of the Anatolian beyliks can be considered as representatives of a transition period between
4956:
4671:
4497:
2608:
2459:
68:
5447:
4987:
4977:
4044:
2850:
740:
711:, who reincorporated most of these beyliks into Ottoman territory in a period of about 25 years. The final blow to the
42:
2996:
9485:
6060:
4992:
4939:
4877:
4565:
4548:
2948:
2877:
2781:
2633:
2525:
108:
8008:
7943:
5425:
5110:
4909:
4833:
4621:
2660:
75:
5105:
4553:
3645:
2718:
2768:
1463:
language thus achieved widespread use in these principalities and reached its highest sophistication during the
934:
5247:
4944:
4899:
4813:
4791:
4704:
4097:
2978:
2193:
46:
7478:
2955:
57:
5969:
5336:
5053:
4774:
4316:
3931:
3345:
2687:
2638:
2439:
1493:
1476:
5548:
5420:
5115:
4746:
4726:
3979:
2940:
2655:
1659:
2863:
1674:
354:
from Persia and
Turkestan, who also fled the Mongols. The ghazis fought under the inspiration of either a
5375:
5002:
4982:
4904:
4828:
4573:
4379:
3011:
2535:
2323:
1686:
7450:
2932:
736:
340:, to declare sovereignty over their dominions. With the fall of Seljuk centralized power in Konya, many
9480:
5917:
5912:
5098:
5073:
4951:
4801:
4638:
4626:
4492:
3865:
2869:
2711:
2645:
2449:
1611:
1323:
949:
393:
coastline, held momentarily two centuries before. In the beginning, the most powerful states were the
180:
9274:
9210:
7484:
7466:
7408:
5901:
5276:
4914:
4894:
4541:
2670:
319:
8280:
8274:
5934:
5474:
5140:
4838:
4767:
4536:
3693:
141:
6050:
8849:
8350:
6070:
5939:
5928:
5536:
4823:
4796:
4741:
4736:
4588:
3721:
3665:
3412:
3408:
3248:
3066:
3061:
2797:
975:
35:
8332:
6055:
4583:
243:
8222:
7779:
5922:
5706:
5629:
5331:
5271:
5259:
5152:
5009:
4502:
4425:
4372:
3958:
3316:
3293:
3108:
3004:
2675:
1649:
545:
82:
8344:
5326:
2816:
8892:
8471:
8374:
6679:
6075:
6005:
5479:
5264:
5254:
5221:
4961:
4784:
4188:
4142:
3750:
2103:
1460:
663:, who at the time were thought to be the strongest. Towards the end of the 14th century, the
8481:
6444:
6222:
4394:
2892:
The Ahiler Beylik is sometimes considered one of the Anatolian beyliks but was a mercantile
970:
A second group beyliks emerged as a result of the weakening of this central state under the
315:, would receive military and financial support from the Seljuks in return for their fealty.
8386:
8368:
8362:
8316:
8304:
7593:
7531:
5415:
5410:
5395:
5341:
5286:
5170:
5029:
5014:
4862:
4779:
4593:
4341:
3404:
3123:
3078:
2269:
1579:
121:
8286:
5742:
1308:
432:
8:
6000:
5291:
5242:
5175:
5125:
5024:
4934:
4882:
4695:
4676:
4462:
4082:
3701:
3326:
3148:
2628:
2613:
2363:
2093:
2060:
1952:
1865:
757:
266:
8392:
5718:
2865:
European and Islamic Trade in the Early Ottoman State: The Merchants of Genoa and Turkey
1522:
870:
415:, and was at that stage relatively small and possessed modest military power. Along the
402:
191:
7391:
7336:
6382:
5995:
5945:
5462:
5405:
5385:
5298:
5187:
5130:
4926:
4848:
4514:
4435:
4430:
4077:
3926:
3899:
3133:
3026:
2623:
2479:
2283:
2068:
1221:
1161:
1103:
728:
525:
448:
7177:
2073:
1288:
350:(former Seljuk leaders), and other religious Muslim leaders, in addition to employing
9376:
8781:
8292:
6065:
5990:
5560:
5507:
5469:
5432:
5318:
5303:
5120:
5058:
5045:
5019:
4887:
4818:
4762:
4681:
4410:
4218:
4137:
3890:
3637:
3311:
3223:
3198:
3188:
3183:
3153:
3093:
2944:
2873:
2846:
2822:
2777:
2739:
2665:
2618:
2259:
2143:
2133:
2113:
2083:
1620:
1459:, the Anatolian beyliks adopted spoken Turkic as their formal literary language. The
1374:
724:
659:
starting in 1354, they soon gained strength to emerge as the principal rivals of the
565:
379:
8704:
7752:
6797:
1575:
1502:
885:
647:, the Beylik of Osman expanded at Byzantine expense westwards and southwards of the
9110:
8838:
8813:
8380:
8326:
8310:
8062:
7832:
7419:
7241:
6856:
5748:
5603:
5390:
5358:
5180:
5135:
5078:
4731:
4654:
4469:
4183:
4163:
3941:
3717:
3705:
3697:
3685:
3661:
3653:
3641:
3622:
3575:
3477:
3440:
3331:
3268:
3263:
3228:
3178:
3103:
3083:
3043:
2744:
2591:
2343:
2313:
2275:
1775:
1456:
1359:
1059:
761:
732:
697:
681:
652:
651:
in the first decades of the 14th century. With their annexation of the neighboring
631:
594:
554:
485:
375:
366:
359:
337:
278:
262:
157:
133:
8233:
7557:
4173:
3073:
1531:
1132:
8338:
7282:
6792:
6673:
6591:
5906:
5788:
5730:
5524:
5457:
5437:
5368:
5363:
5308:
5281:
5192:
5165:
4843:
4808:
4337:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
4019:
3996:
3969:
3709:
3681:
3677:
3649:
3618:
3555:
3512:
3495:
3321:
3283:
3218:
3203:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3118:
3098:
3088:
3056:
2233:
2183:
2163:
2123:
1982:
1735:
1595:
685:
534:
383:
8632:
8525:
7412:
7277:
7233:
6697:
9384:
9311:
9120:
8983:
7359:
7212:
7145:
6703:
5800:
5712:
5380:
5160:
5083:
4716:
4484:
4445:
4331:
4228:
4208:
4102:
4087:
4052:
3953:
3725:
3713:
3689:
3669:
3630:
3579:
3540:
3445:
3435:
3354:
3288:
3273:
3253:
3238:
3233:
3208:
3193:
3113:
3051:
3034:
2931:
2774:
Histoire économique et sociale de l'Empire ottoman et de la Turquie (1326-1960)
2431:
2203:
1464:
1419:
1394:
1327:
1112:
1079:
979:
648:
630:
The Anatolian Beyliks and main contemporary Asian polities circa 1300. A small
452:
440:
436:
408:
326:
commanders in Anatolia then gained strength and authority which encouraged the
213:
166:
162:
8910:
7067:
322:
from the East saw a decline in Seljuk power which gradually deteriorated. The
9474:
9459:
9146:
8876:
8859:
8491:
7267:
6030:
5776:
5512:
5452:
5353:
5093:
5088:
4721:
4666:
4457:
4264:
4254:
4057:
3946:
3845:
3800:
3673:
3595:
3591:
3561:
3505:
3490:
3455:
3362:
3278:
3258:
3243:
2701:
2603:
2293:
1364:
1093:
664:
249:
6434:
1333:
756:
In the list below, only the beyliks that were founded immediately after the
412:
303:
is a Turkish term that denotes a border or frontier territory equivalent to
197:
9085:
8951:
8687:
8208:
7623:
7229:
6272:
6035:
5848:
5828:
5812:
5754:
5736:
5484:
5442:
5068:
4519:
4243:
4029:
3657:
3599:
3583:
3545:
3397:
3367:
2403:
2373:
2223:
1526:
1389:
576:
503:
494:
232:
9242:
9102:
8455:
8204:
7472:
6040:
5572:
1278:
1270:
9193:
8211:
7916:
7504:
7415:
7237:
7192:
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under
6831:
6735:
6574:
6388:
6385:
6341:
6252:
6179:
5794:
5348:
4659:
4233:
3885:
3830:
3535:
3465:
2596:
2303:
2251:
1825:
1404:
1191:
1123:
900:
811:
468:
424:
398:
270:
201:
9141:
8739:
8729:
8108:
7858:
7842:
7077:
6247:
1521:
Some representative examples of the Anatolian beyliks' architecture are
1514:
1181:
954:
8930:
8187:
7984:
7979:
7773:
7684:
7629:
6994:
6881:
6045:
5782:
5770:
4213:
4178:
4034:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3875:
3213:
2413:
2383:
1785:
1706:
1641:
1241:
1028:
890:
855:
712:
677:
660:
416:
394:
390:
370:
125:
A map of independent Turkic beyliks in Anatolia during the 14th century
9136:
8486:
8098:
7953:
7863:
7051:
6787:
6766:
6242:
3840:
1211:
1196:
1044:
909:
299:(especially in border areas to ensure safety against the Byzantines);
9354:
8113:
7811:
7692:
7445:
7429:
7251:
7149:
6900:
6652:
6439:
6410:
6378:
6237:
6227:
5764:
5619:
4259:
4238:
4203:
4198:
4147:
4107:
4092:
4062:
3965:
3916:
3825:
3587:
3500:
3460:
3381:
3377:
2393:
2213:
1548:
1498:
1433:
1176:
1108:
1089:
919:
837:
716:
693:
635:
616:
516:
444:
323:
282:
9253:
8724:
4248:
2982:
1536:
1506:
1265:
1048:
291:
24:
9328:
8652:
8545:
8418:
8103:
8040:
7989:
7868:
7747:
7688:
7667:
7541:
7193:
7110:
7020:
6782:
6762:
6360:
6010:
5858:
5838:
5818:
5806:
5204:
4531:
4290:
4223:
4168:
4117:
4072:
3921:
3895:
3870:
3820:
3795:
3612:
3425:
3389:
3373:
2893:
2771:
2353:
2153:
1933:
1795:
1725:
1587:
1566:
1555:. Karaman beylik also left noteworthy architectural works, such as
1423:
1349:
1341:
1292:
1261:
1230:
1206:
1166:
1142:
1128:
1035:
905:
831:
708:
704:
668:
428:
420:
308:
170:
8754:
8750:
8709:
8679:
7732:
7082:
7072:
6232:
6134:
5639:
5214:
2841:
This process is described in the pioneering work, Speros Vryonis,
1510:
982:
territory in Western Anatolia toward the end of the 13th century.
801:
358:
or a general, trying to assert Islamic power, with the attacks on
9370:
9349:
9258:
9248:
9236:
9151:
8598:
8582:
8476:
8247:
8243:
8238:
8117:
8082:
7727:
7706:
7572:
7562:
6943:
6927:
6637:
6632:
6150:
6124:
6107:
5724:
5690:
5679:
5668:
4300:
4280:
4193:
3810:
3805:
3785:
3738:
3607:
3525:
3470:
3450:
3430:
3420:
3385:
2173:
1962:
1942:
1875:
1855:
1815:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1560:
1552:
1480:
1429:
1298:
1274:
1250:
1246:
1151:
924:
796:
720:
689:
656:
644:
476:
304:
258:
8744:
7292:
9220:
9106:
8834:
8758:
8714:
7757:
7742:
7567:
7297:
7272:
6948:
6657:
6647:
6627:
6606:
6469:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6418:
6414:
6262:
6257:
6155:
5685:
5209:
4402:
4397:
4326:
4285:
4067:
4024:
3974:
3835:
3790:
3780:
3764:
3758:
3743:
3733:
3569:
3530:
3520:
3485:
2897:
2517:
2022:
1992:
1915:
1845:
1805:
1409:
1345:
1085:
1068:
1064:
1022:
1017:
1007:
1002:
971:
939:
875:
845:
841:
673:
605:
355:
345:
333:
274:
8719:
6267:
8978:
8962:
8734:
8683:
8253:
7974:
7737:
7722:
7702:
7577:
7287:
7161:
7087:
7047:
6642:
6622:
6601:
6206:
6160:
5673:
5663:
5643:
4295:
3880:
3815:
3550:
2749:
2042:
2032:
2012:
2002:
1972:
1905:
1895:
1885:
1835:
1544:
1379:
1337:
1313:
1226:
1147:
1040:
860:
821:
765:
362:
territory further expanding the power sphere of the beyliks.
351:
285:
was largely as a result of using these clans under appointed
228:
205:
771:
6464:
5985:
4336:
4112:
1715:
1583:
8258:
978:
in 1243, which had the indirect consequence of extending
751:
328:
174:
1582:
that aims at uniting the interior space beneath one big
965:
775:
Map of the Anatolian beyliks in the 11th-12th centuries
4322:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
2815:
Forêt, Philippe; Kaplony, Andreas (30 November 2008).
7144:
First period of incorporation (by marriage) into the
703:
But the Ottoman state quickly collected itself under
3773:
311:used in other parts of Europe. These clans, led by
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:
Historical, small Turkic principalities in Anatolia
419:, from North to South, were the principalities of
741:administrative subdivisions in the Ottoman Empire
9472:
443:(later also known as Isfendiyar) reigned in the
223:denotes a territory under the jurisdiction of a
7211:
2818:The Journey of Maps and Images on the Silk Road
1295:, subordinate to Sahib Ataids and Germiyanids)
7503:
5588:
4380:
3012:
2719:
9084:
8120:transferred in 1301 to Dündar Bey's brother
7353:Sinop Dynasty or Isfendiyarid Dynasty :
6830:Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik of
4355:State with limited international recognition
2917:, Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters, page 40
2845:(Berkeley: University of California, 1971),
2814:
2772:Mohamed Hedi Cherif - Daniel Panzac (1995).
9192:
8812:
8186:
7915:
6734:
6573:
6178:
5602:
2979:"Osmanlı Medeniyeti (Ottoman Civilization)"
1082:(later also known as Beylik of Isfendiyar)
8929:
5595:
5581:
4387:
4373:
3019:
3005:
2861:
2726:
2712:
8651:
8039:
7810:
7390:
7160:Second period of Beylik reconstituted by
6899:
6106:
269:and the subsequent conquest of Anatolia,
208:completed its incorporation of the other
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
8417:
7666:
7019:
3302:
2910:
2908:
2906:
1497:
770:
731:in 1515 during his campaign against the
411:, was situated in the northwest, around
242:
183:in the latter half of the 13th century.
120:
6872:Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?)
5886:Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
2896:rather than a monarchical dynasty. See
9473:
8544:
6484:Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty:
6359:
5317:
780:Founded after the Battle of Manzikert
752:Beyliks founded after Manzikert (1071)
614:
574:
563:
543:
532:
407:, who would later go on to become the
9309:
9191:
9083:
8928:
8811:
8650:
8543:
8416:
8185:
8038:
7914:
7809:
7665:
7502:
7389:
7210:
7018:
6898:
6733:
6572:
6358:
6177:
6105:
6093:
6092:
5576:
4368:
3000:
2903:
986:Founded after the Battle of Köse Dağ
966:Beyliks founded after Köse Dağ (1243)
603:
552:
501:
483:
474:
156:
9310:
7343:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha the Second
6847:Mengücekli Davud Shah (1142- ?)
5543:
5531:
2935:(translated by Gary Leiser) (1992).
523:
514:
492:
273:clans began settling in present-day
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
8156:Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey
592:
583:
465:
401:in the central area. The Beylik of
389:By 1300, the Turks had reached the
13:
9501:15th century in the Ottoman Empire
9496:14th century in the Ottoman Empire
2915:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
746:
455:in what was the Beylik of Candar.
14:
9512:
8365:(1398–1399, 1402–1420, 1421–1423)
7897:Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the Second
6507:Mardin Dynasty or Ilgazi Dynasty:
6061:Ikhtiyar al-Din Hasan ibn Ghafras
2971:
2937:The Origins of the Ottoman Empire
2798:"The Cresques Project - Panel IV"
2776:(in French). Peeters Publishers.
2274:(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as
723:who conquered territories of the
634:still existed as a vassal of the
386:, as well as between each other.
9453:
9364:Important centers and extension:
9230:Important centers and extension:
9130:Important centers and extension:
8972:Important centers and extension:
8870:Important centers and extension:
8592:Important centers and extension:
8465:Important centers and extension:
8168:Hamidoğlu Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey
8092:Important centers and extension:
7963:Important centers and extension:
7852:Important centers and extension:
7716:Important centers and extension:
7551:Important centers and extension:
7439:Important centers and extension:
7261:Important centers and extension:
7061:Important centers and extension:
6937:Important centers and extension:
6776:Important centers and extension:
6616:Important centers and extension:
6428:Important centers and extension:
6216:Important centers and extension:
6144:Important centers and extension:
5554:
5542:
5530:
5519:
5518:
5506:
4910:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
4396:
3344:
3028:
2695:
2238:224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)
1630:
467:
460:
281:'s central power established in
23:
8697:Important centers and extension
8138:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
8073:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
5657:Important centers and extension
5555:
4327:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
2962:Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte
1487:
932:
898:
868:
829:
794:
447:region around the provinces of
34:needs additional citations for
8162:Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin Ilyas Bey
8009:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
7944:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
2886:
2855:
2835:
2808:
2790:
2762:
2094:Kingdom of Alexander the Great
1:
8150:Hamidoğlu Necmeddin Ishak Bey
5970:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
4317:Organization of Turkic States
2755:
1664:
1494:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
643:Under its eponymous founder,
5401:Intangible cultural heritage
4747:Southeastern Anatolia Region
4579:Proclamation of the republic
2981:(in Turkish). Archived from
2941:State University of New York
7:
9491:States in medieval Anatolia
7479:Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan
7232:, commander descended from
4672:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
2609:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
2324:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1601:
1590:architectural structure is
1449:
680:("White Sheep Turkomans"),
10:
9517:
5918:Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)
5913:Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)
4503:Conquest of Constantinople
2924:
2870:Cambridge University Press
1491:
1444:
369:weakened, their cities in
332:, who had until then been
238:
235:in other parts of Europe.
216:by the late 15th century.
9448:
9393:
9363:
9319:
9305:
9267:
9229:
9201:
9187:
9160:
9129:
9093:
9079:
8992:
8971:
8938:
8924:
8885:
8869:
8821:
8807:
8768:
8696:
8660:
8646:
8607:
8591:
8553:
8539:
8500:
8464:
8426:
8412:
8267:
8195:
8181:
8130:
8091:
8048:
8034:
8001:
7962:
7924:
7910:
7877:
7851:
7819:
7805:
7766:
7715:
7675:
7661:
7618:Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey
7586:
7550:
7512:
7498:
7459:
7438:
7399:
7385:
7352:
7319:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha
7311:
7260:
7220:
7206:
7132:
7097:
7060:
7028:
7014:
6957:
6936:
6908:
6894:
6865:
6841:Erzincan and Kemah Branch
6840:
6806:
6775:
6743:
6729:
6666:
6615:
6582:
6568:
6535:
6506:
6483:
6427:
6368:
6354:
6334:
6281:
6215:
6187:
6173:
6143:
6115:
6101:
6088:
6023:
5978:
5962:
5955:
5894:
5878:
5699:
5656:
5652:
5610:
5502:
5235:
5151:
5044:
5010:The constitutional system
4970:
4925:
4870:
4861:
4755:
4703:
4694:
4647:
4614:
4564:
4542:Second Constitutional Era
4527:Decline and modernization
4483:
4444:
4418:
4409:
4350:
4309:
4273:
4156:
4130:
4043:
3995:
3988:
3909:
3858:
3353:
3342:
3042:
2490:Decline and modernization
2440:Periods of Ottoman Empire
1513:, built by the Beylik of
247:Anatolian Beyliks in the
9486:Middle Eastern dynasties
8061:, frontier rulers under
8021:Germiyanlı Süleyman Shah
7687:, brother-in-law of the
7240:in the imperial army of
5935:Battle of Iconium (1190)
4993:Ministry of the Interior
4978:Administrative divisions
4537:First Constitutional Era
3932:Timeline of the Göktürks
1027:1293–1471 as vassals to
737:Süleyman the Magnificent
307:, with the similar term
9286:Muzafferuddin Ishak Bey
9168:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
9111:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
9103:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
8911:Pervâneoğlu Gazi Çelebi
8839:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
8063:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
7970:Kula (District), Manisa
7833:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
7691:governor for Anatolia,
7420:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
7242:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6857:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6855:Incorporation into the
5929:Battle of Myriokephalon
5604:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
4940:Parliamentary elections
4742:Eastern Anatolia Region
4737:Central Anatolia Region
4419:Ancient and Middle Ages
2802:www.cresquesproject.net
762:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
655:and their advance into
344:joined forces with the
279:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
181:Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm
9425:Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey
9048:Giyas al-Din Halil Bey
8899:Pervâneoğlu Mehmed Bey
8831:Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî
8223:Kerimeddin Karaman Bey
7885:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
7829:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
7780:Giyath al-Din Muhammad
7642:Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey
7600:Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey
7325:Candaroğlu Ibrahim Bey
7230:Şemseddin Yaman Candar
7001:Melikshah bin Muhammed
5923:Battle of Mount Cadmus
5895:Wars and major battles
5111:Science and technology
4945:Presidential elections
4426:Prehistory of Anatolia
3646:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2821:. BRILL. p. 194.
2661:Constitutional history
2546:Provisional government
2500:Defeat and dissolution
1650:Prehistory of Anatolia
1518:
1470:
816:also called Ahlatshahs
776:
667:advanced further into
254:
204:, from its capital in
154:Turkish pronunciation:
137:
126:
8905:Pervâneoğlu Mesud Bey
8399:Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey
8015:Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey
7792:Mehmed Bey the Second
7612:Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey
7372:Kemaleddin Ismail Bey
6325:Muhammed bin Begtimur
6076:Shams al-Din Isfahani
6051:Shams al-Din Altınapa
6006:Karim al-Din Aqsarayi
5902:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
5106:Free trade agreements
4988:Intelligence Services
4785:North Anatolian Fault
4143:Proto-Turkic language
3774:Extinct Turkic groups
2900:for more information.
2104:Kingdom of Cappadocia
1660:Palaeolithic Anatolia
1501:
1492:Further information:
950:Beylik of Tanrıbermiş
774:
246:
124:
9170:(1275–1288) and sons
8436:Melik Danişmend Gazi
8387:Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed
8363:Sultanzâde Mehmet II
8357:Nasreddin Mehmed Bey
8311:Alâeddin Halil Mirza
7891:Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey
7648:Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey
7594:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
7532:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
7485:Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey
7467:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
7409:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
7366:Taceddin Ibrahim Bey
7178:İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey
7105:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
7038:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
6880:Beylik destroyed by
6820:Mengücekli Ishak Bey
6497:Sökmenli Ibrahim Bey
6491:Müinüddin Sökmen Bey
6400:Muinüddin Sökmen Bey
6071:Mu'in al-Din Parwana
6024:Other notable people
5979:Writers and scholars
5490:World heritage sites
5015:Turkish Armed Forces
4900:Constitutional Court
4814:Flora and vegetation
4792:Environmental issues
4780:East Anatolian Fault
4727:Mediterranean Region
4342:World Turks Qurultai
2270:Eastern Roman Empire
1580:Ottoman architecture
627:class=notpageimage|
43:improve this article
9407:Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey
9281:Fahreddin Ilyas Bey
8627:Inançoğlu Ishak Bey
8317:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
8305:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
8144:Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey
7331:Candaroğlu Adil Bey
7117:Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey
7090:(between 1336–1344)
6989:Nâsırüddin Muhammed
6971:Ali bin Ebu'l-Kâsım
6520:Hüsameddin Timurtaş
6474:temporarily in 1117
6001:Siraj al-Din Urmavi
5059:Banking and Finance
4677:History of Anatolia
4574:War of Independence
4566:Republic of Türkiye
4463:Battle of Manzikert
4083:Karachay-Cherkessia
2933:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
2862:Kate Fleet (1999).
2614:History of Anatolia
2536:War of Independence
2364:Empire of Trebizond
2228:133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
1675:Mesolithic Anatolia
1570:in Karaman (1382),
987:
781:
758:Battle of Manzikert
267:Battle of Manzikert
257:Following the 1071
58:"Anatolian beyliks"
9431:Tekeoğlu Osman Bey
9413:Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey
9401:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
9340:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
8682:castle and nearby
8563:Germiyanlı Ali Bey
8369:Bengi Alâeddin Ali
8345:Seyfeddin Süleyman
8275:Kerîmeddin Karaman
8122:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
8057:Hamid and his son
7337:Celaleddin Bayezid
7172:Aydınoğlu Umur Bey
7166:Aydınoğlu Musa Bey
6716:Nasreddin Muhammed
6409:Three branches in
6377:Eksük and his son
6313:Seyfeddin Begtimur
6295:Ibrahim bin Sökmen
5996:Fakhr al-Din Iraqi
5946:Battle of Elbistan
5940:Battle of Köse Dağ
5116:Telecommunications
4905:Court of Cassation
4606:Multi-party period
4515:Ottoman Old Regime
4436:Byzantine Anatolia
4431:Classical Anatolia
4274:Traditional sports
4078:Kabardino-Balkaria
3698:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
2656:Diplomatic history
2568:Multi-party period
2518:Republic of Turkey
2294:Great Seljuk State
2284:Rashidun Caliphate
2069:Classical Anatolia
1687:Neolithic Anatolia
1572:Akmedrese Madrassa
1519:
1222:Kadi Burhan al-Din
985:
976:Battle of Köse Dağ
779:
777:
729:Beylik of Dulkadir
255:
227:, equivalent to a
138:Anadolu beylikleri
127:
9481:Anatolian beyliks
9468:
9467:
9460:Turkey portal
9444:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9419:Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey
9379:between 1361–1373
9377:Kingdom of Cyprus
9301:
9300:
9183:
9182:
9075:
9074:
8920:
8919:
8803:
8802:
8761:between 1300–1314
8642:
8641:
8535:
8534:
8408:
8407:
8177:
8176:
8030:
8029:
7992:between 1300–1368
7934:Kerimüddin Alişir
7906:
7905:
7801:
7800:
7657:
7656:
7494:
7493:
7411:, commander from
7381:
7380:
7202:
7201:
7123:Aydınoğlu Isa Bey
7010:
7009:
6890:
6889:
6725:
6724:
6564:
6563:
6555:Sökmen the Second
6549:Nureddin Muhammed
6350:
6349:
6307:Sökmen the Second
6301:Ahmed bin Ibrahim
6169:
6168:
6095:Anatolian beyliks
6084:
6083:
6066:Manuel Maurozomes
6056:Sa'd al-Din Köpek
6019:
6018:
5991:Haji Bektash Veli
5570:
5569:
5498:
5497:
5040:
5039:
4983:Foreign relations
4957:Political parties
4857:
4856:
4690:
4689:
4682:History of Thrace
4584:Atatürk's reforms
4475:Anatolian beyliks
4362:
4361:
4138:Old Turkic script
4126:
4125:
3937:Timeline 500–1300
3854:
3853:
3340:
3339:
3199:Kipchak languages
3154:Karamanli Turkish
2956:(limited preview)
2828:978-90-474-2497-0
2769:(limited preview)
2740:History of Turkey
2736:
2735:
2702:Turkey portal
2619:History of Thrace
2576:
2575:
2526:Periods of Turkey
2508:
2507:
2422:
2421:
2334:Anatolian beyliks
2260:Medieval Anatolia
2242:
2241:
2144:Kingdom of Pontus
2134:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2084:Achaemenid Empire
2051:
2050:
1924:
1923:
1697:
1696:
1442:
1441:
1422:(issued from the
1071:and the vicinity
997:Duration of rule
963:
962:
834:(three branches)
791:Duration of rule
725:Beylik of Ramadan
713:Beylik of Karaman
661:Beylik of Karaman
261:victory over the
130:Anatolian beyliks
119:
118:
111:
93:
9508:
9458:
9457:
9456:
9307:
9306:
9189:
9188:
9081:
9080:
8926:
8925:
8893:Süleyman Pervâne
8850:Süleyman Pervâne
8809:
8808:
8648:
8647:
8623:(~1314 - ?)
8541:
8540:
8414:
8413:
8381:Sultanzâde Ishak
8339:Burhaneddin Musa
8293:Bedreddin Mahmut
8183:
8182:
8036:
8035:
7912:
7911:
7831:, regent to the
7807:
7806:
7786:Alâeddin Ali Bey
7663:
7662:
7500:
7499:
7387:
7386:
7208:
7207:
7016:
7015:
6896:
6895:
6731:
6730:
6680:Gazi Gümüshtigin
6570:
6569:
6514:Necmeddin Ilgazi
6356:
6355:
6335:Important works:
6175:
6174:
6103:
6102:
6090:
6089:
5960:
5959:
5749:Kilij Arslan III
5654:
5653:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5574:
5573:
5558:
5557:
5546:
5545:
5534:
5533:
5522:
5521:
5510:
5315:
5314:
5200:Cities and towns
5181:Turkish language
5136:Turkish Airlines
4952:Electoral system
4915:Council of State
4868:
4867:
4802:Waste management
4732:Black Sea Region
4710:
4701:
4700:
4655:Turkic migration
4601:One-party period
4470:Sultanate of Rum
4416:
4415:
4401:
4400:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4184:Tibetan Buddhism
4164:Turkic mythology
4045:Autonomous areas
3997:Sovereign states
3993:
3992:
3771:
3770:
3753:
3728:
3625:
3602:
3564:
3515:
3480:
3441:Crimean Karaites
3415:
3392:
3348:
3300:
3299:
3179:Khorasani Turkic
3033:
3032:
3031:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2966:
2954:
2918:
2912:
2901:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2859:
2853:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2766:
2745:Sultanate of Rum
2728:
2721:
2714:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2666:Cultural history
2651:Military history
2646:Economic history
2592:Turkic migration
2556:One-party period
2532:
2531:
2446:
2445:
2344:County of Edessa
2314:Sultanate of Rum
2276:Empire of Nicaea
2266:
2265:
2080:
2079:
2074:Classical Thrace
1939:
1938:
1776:Achaeans (Homer)
1712:
1711:
1679:c. 11,000–
1666:
1656:
1655:
1634:
1624:
1606:
1605:
1529:(Milet) (1404),
1523:İlyas Bey Mosque
988:
984:
797:Beylik of Smyrna
782:
778:
733:Mamluk Sultanate
698:Battle of Ankara
653:Beylik of Karasi
632:Sultanate of Rum
621:
619:
612:
610:
601:
599:
590:
588:
581:
579:
572:
570:
561:
559:
550:
548:
541:
539:
530:
528:
521:
519:
512:
510:
499:
497:
490:
488:
487:CHAGATAI KHANATE
481:
479:
472:
471:
464:
367:Byzantine Empire
338:Sultanate of Rum
320:Mongol invasions
263:Byzantine Empire
160:
158:[bejlic]
155:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
9516:
9515:
9511:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9506:
9505:
9471:
9470:
9469:
9464:
9454:
9452:
9436:
9427:(~1360 - ~1375)
9389:
9359:
9315:
9297:
9263:
9225:
9197:
9179:
9174:Nusreddin Ahmed
9156:
9125:
9089:
9071:
8988:
8967:
8934:
8916:
8881:
8865:
8862:
8817:
8799:
8796:(~1340 - ~1360)
8790:(~1320 - ~1340)
8784:(~1282 - ~1320)
8778:(~1261 - ~1282)
8764:
8692:
8656:
8638:
8617:(~1300 - ~1314)
8603:
8587:
8549:
8531:
8496:
8460:
8422:
8404:
8327:Fahreddin Ahmed
8263:
8191:
8173:
8126:
8087:
8044:
8026:
7997:
7990:Beylik of Lâdik
7958:
7920:
7902:
7873:
7847:
7815:
7797:
7762:
7711:
7671:
7653:
7582:
7546:
7508:
7490:
7469:(1309 - ?)
7455:
7434:
7395:
7377:
7348:
7307:
7256:
7216:
7198:
7152:the Thunderbolt
7128:
7093:
7056:
7024:
7006:
6983:Izzeddin Saltuk
6953:
6932:
6904:
6886:
6861:
6836:
6802:
6771:
6739:
6721:
6674:Danishmend Gazi
6662:
6611:
6592:Danishmend Gazi
6578:
6560:
6536:Harput Dynasty:
6531:
6502:
6479:
6423:
6364:
6346:
6330:
6289:Sökmen el Kutbi
6277:
6211:
6197:Sökmen el Kutbi
6183:
6165:
6139:
6111:
6097:
6080:
6015:
5974:
5951:
5907:Siege of Nicaea
5890:
5874:
5789:Kilij Arslan IV
5743:Süleymanshah II
5731:Kilij Arslan II
5695:
5648:
5606:
5601:
5571:
5566:
5494:
5313:
5309:Women in Turkey
5277:Law enforcement
5231:
5227:Life expectancy
5193:Islam in Turkey
5147:
5036:
4998:National Police
4966:
4921:
4853:
4844:Turkish Riviera
4751:
4708:
4707:
4686:
4643:
4610:
4589:Language reform
4560:
4479:
4440:
4405:
4395:
4393:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4346:
4305:
4269:
4152:
4122:
4039:
4020:Northern Cyprus
3984:
3970:Altai Mountains
3905:
3850:
3769:
3749:
3694:North Macedonia
3636:
3617:
3574:
3560:
3556:Siberian Tatars
3511:
3496:Khorasani Turks
3476:
3403:
3372:
3349:
3336:
3298:
3219:Ottoman Turkish
3139:Karachay-Balkar
3038:
3029:
3027:
3025:
2988:
2986:
2977:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2951:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2913:
2904:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2860:
2856:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2813:
2809:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2732:
2696:
2694:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2671:Genetic history
2586:
2578:
2577:
2561:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2509:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2423:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2243:
2234:Sasanian Empire
2194:Armenian Empire
2184:Parthian Empire
2164:Attalid kingdom
2124:Seleucid Empire
2078:
2063:
2053:
2052:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1736:Akkadian Empire
1709:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1691:c. 8,000–
1680:
1668:
1654:
1644:
1622:
1615:
1604:
1496:
1490:
1473:
1452:
1447:
1229:(replacing the
1111:(preceding the
968:
754:
749:
747:List of beyliks
696:in 1402 in the
641:
640:
639:
629:
623:
622:
617:
615:
613:
608:
606:
604:
602:
597:
595:
593:
591:
586:
584:
582:
577:
575:
573:
568:
566:
564:
562:
555:
553:
551:
546:
544:
542:
537:
535:
533:
531:
526:
524:
522:
517:
515:
513:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
495:
493:
491:
486:
484:
482:
477:
475:
473:
466:
384:Knights Templar
241:
153:
142:Ottoman Turkish
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9514:
9504:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9466:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9449:
9446:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9435:
9434:
9428:
9422:
9416:
9410:
9404:
9397:
9395:
9391:
9390:
9388:
9387:
9385:Teke Peninsula
9382:
9367:
9365:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9326:
9324:
9320:
9317:
9316:
9303:
9302:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9295:
9289:
9283:
9278:
9271:
9269:
9265:
9264:
9262:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9239:
9233:
9231:
9227:
9226:
9224:
9223:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9208:
9206:
9202:
9199:
9198:
9185:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9177:
9171:
9164:
9162:
9158:
9157:
9155:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9133:
9131:
9127:
9126:
9124:
9123:
9121:Afyonkarahisar
9118:
9116:
9113:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9091:
9090:
9077:
9076:
9073:
9072:
9070:
9069:
9063:
9057:
9051:
9045:
9039:
9033:
9027:
9021:
9015:
9009:
9003:
8996:
8994:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8986:
8981:
8975:
8973:
8969:
8968:
8966:
8965:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8945:
8943:
8939:
8936:
8935:
8922:
8921:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8908:
8902:
8896:
8889:
8887:
8883:
8882:
8880:
8879:
8873:
8871:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8863:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8828:
8826:
8822:
8819:
8818:
8805:
8804:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8797:
8791:
8785:
8779:
8772:
8770:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8705:Muğla Province
8700:
8698:
8694:
8693:
8691:
8690:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8667:
8665:
8661:
8658:
8657:
8644:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8636:
8630:
8624:
8618:
8611:
8609:
8605:
8604:
8602:
8601:
8595:
8593:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8560:
8558:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8537:
8536:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8529:
8523:
8517:
8511:
8504:
8502:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8468:
8466:
8462:
8461:
8459:
8458:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8424:
8423:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8396:
8390:
8384:
8378:
8372:
8366:
8360:
8354:
8348:
8342:
8336:
8330:
8324:
8314:
8308:
8302:
8296:
8290:
8284:
8278:
8271:
8269:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8241:
8236:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8202:
8200:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8179:
8178:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8165:
8159:
8153:
8147:
8141:
8134:
8132:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8124:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8095:
8093:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8085:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8055:
8053:
8049:
8046:
8045:
8032:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8024:
8018:
8012:
8005:
8003:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7966:
7964:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7931:
7929:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7908:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7900:
7894:
7888:
7881:
7879:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7855:
7853:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7845:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7826:
7824:
7820:
7817:
7816:
7803:
7802:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7795:
7789:
7783:
7777:
7770:
7768:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7753:Şebinkarahisar
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7709:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7645:
7639:
7633:
7627:
7621:
7615:
7609:
7603:
7597:
7590:
7588:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7554:
7552:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:Hasan Dulkadir
7519:
7517:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7482:
7476:
7470:
7463:
7461:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7453:
7448:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7432:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7383:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7375:
7369:
7363:
7360:Isfendiyar Bey
7356:
7354:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7340:
7334:
7328:
7322:
7321:(1309 - ~1340)
7315:
7313:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7213:Candaroğulları
7204:
7203:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7182:with intervals
7175:
7169:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7146:Ottoman Empire
7142:
7140:
7136:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7120:
7114:
7108:
7101:
7099:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7091:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7064:
7062:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7012:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7004:
6998:
6992:
6986:
6980:
6977:Ziyâüddin Gazi
6974:
6973:(1102 - ~1124)
6968:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6946:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6915:
6913:
6909:
6906:
6905:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6869:
6867:
6866:Divriği Branch
6863:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6817:
6810:
6808:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6798:Şebinkarahisar
6795:
6790:
6785:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6713:
6707:
6701:
6695:
6689:
6683:
6677:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6589:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6566:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6552:
6546:
6539:
6537:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6523:
6517:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6494:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6352:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6322:
6316:
6310:
6304:
6298:
6292:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6171:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6099:
6098:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5966:
5964:
5957:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5943:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5866:
5856:
5846:
5836:
5826:
5816:
5810:
5804:
5801:Kaykhusraw III
5798:
5792:
5786:
5780:
5774:
5768:
5762:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5713:Kilij Arslan I
5710:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5671:
5666:
5660:
5658:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5600:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5577:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5552:
5540:
5528:
5516:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5426:Radio stations
5423:
5418:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5274:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5161:Turkish people
5157:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5126:Transportation
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4834:National parks
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4768:Climate change
4759:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4717:Marmara Region
4713:
4711:
4709:(west to east)
4698:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4624:
4622:Constitutional
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4512:
4510:Transformation
4507:
4506:
4505:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4485:Ottoman Empire
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4454:
4452:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4392:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4369:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4332:Turkic Academy
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4229:Khalwati order
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4209:Bektashi Order
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4088:Karakalpakstan
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4053:Altai Republic
4049:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3954:Nomadic empire
3951:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3722:Western Thrace
3628:
3627:
3626:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3446:Crimean Tatars
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3249:Siberian Tatar
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2973:
2972:External links
2970:
2968:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2902:
2885:
2878:
2854:
2851:978-1597404761
2834:
2827:
2807:
2789:
2782:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2691:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:(1945–present)
2570:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2470:Transformation
2466:
2465:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2204:Roman Republic
2200:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2027:859–595/585 BC
2025:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1920:859–595/585 BC
1918:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1667:500,000–
1662:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1592:Ulucami Mosque
1586:and forming a
1557:Ulucami Mosque
1541:Ulucami Mosque
1503:İsa Bey Mosque
1489:
1486:
1472:
1469:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1427:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:Afyonkarahisar
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1331:
1328:Ottoman Empire
1320:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1268:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1005:
999:
998:
995:
992:
991:Beylik's name
974:blow with the
967:
964:
961:
960:
957:
952:
946:
945:
942:
937:
931:
930:
927:
922:
916:
915:
912:
903:
897:
896:
893:
888:
882:
881:
878:
873:
867:
866:
863:
858:
852:
851:
848:
835:
828:
827:
824:
819:
808:
807:
804:
799:
793:
792:
789:
786:
785:Beylik's name
753:
750:
748:
745:
735:, and his son
715:was struck by
649:Sea of Marmara
625:
624:
459:
458:
457:
441:Candar dynasty
409:Ottoman Empire
352:Ghazi warriors
240:
237:
214:Ottoman Empire
190:, that of the
167:petty kingdoms
163:principalities
146:Tavâif-i mülûk
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9513:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9478:
9476:
9461:
9451:
9450:
9447:
9432:
9429:
9426:
9423:
9420:
9417:
9414:
9411:
9408:
9405:
9402:
9399:
9398:
9396:
9392:
9386:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9372:
9369:
9368:
9366:
9362:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9321:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9304:
9293:
9290:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9276:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9266:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9244:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9234:
9232:
9228:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9203:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9186:
9175:
9172:
9169:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9159:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9134:
9132:
9128:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9078:
9067:
9064:
9061:
9058:
9055:
9052:
9049:
9046:
9043:
9040:
9037:
9034:
9031:
9028:
9025:
9022:
9019:
9016:
9013:
9010:
9007:
9004:
9001:
8998:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8970:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8953:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8923:
8912:
8909:
8906:
8903:
8900:
8897:
8894:
8891:
8890:
8888:
8884:
8878:
8875:
8874:
8872:
8868:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8840:
8836:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8823:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8806:
8795:
8792:
8789:
8786:
8783:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8773:
8771:
8767:
8760:
8756:
8752:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8695:
8689:
8686:, later also
8685:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8645:
8634:
8631:
8628:
8625:
8622:
8619:
8616:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8606:
8600:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8590:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8538:
8527:
8524:
8521:
8518:
8515:
8512:
8509:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8499:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8463:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8428:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8411:
8400:
8397:
8394:
8391:
8388:
8385:
8382:
8379:
8376:
8373:
8370:
8367:
8364:
8361:
8358:
8355:
8352:
8349:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8331:
8328:
8325:
8322:
8318:
8315:
8312:
8309:
8306:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8294:
8291:
8288:
8285:
8282:
8279:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8270:
8266:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8249:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:successively
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8213:
8210:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8180:
8169:
8166:
8163:
8160:
8157:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8145:
8142:
8139:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8129:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8090:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8060:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8050:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8033:
8022:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8010:
8007:
8006:
8004:
8000:
7993:
7991:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7961:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7909:
7898:
7895:
7892:
7889:
7886:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7876:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7850:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7804:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7765:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7720:
7718:
7714:
7708:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7660:
7650:(1507- ~1525)
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7591:
7589:
7585:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7511:
7507:(1348- ~1525)
7506:
7501:
7497:
7486:
7483:
7480:
7477:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7458:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7417:
7414:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7384:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7355:
7351:
7344:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7326:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7310:
7303:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7205:
7195:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7179:
7176:
7173:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7131:
7124:
7121:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7096:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7013:
7002:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6935:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6893:
6883:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6858:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6833:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6821:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6805:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6774:
6768:
6765:, later also
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6728:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6681:
6678:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6567:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6526:Necmeddin Alp
6524:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6426:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6353:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6333:
6326:
6323:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6311:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6110:(1081 - 1092)
6109:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6091:
6087:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6031:Gevher Nesibe
6029:
6028:
6026:
6022:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5870:
5867:
5865:) (1303–1307)
5864:
5860:
5857:
5855:) (1301–1303)
5854:
5850:
5847:
5845:) (1294–1301)
5844:
5840:
5837:
5835:) (1293–1294)
5834:
5830:
5827:
5825:) (1284–1293)
5824:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5777:Kaykhusraw II
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5761:) (1205–1211)
5760:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5598:
5593:
5591:
5586:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5563:
5562:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4797:Air pollution
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:Aegean Region
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Turkification
4665:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4498:Classical Age
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4458:Seljuk Empire
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4356:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:Organizations
4308:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4265:Vattisen Yaly
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4058:Bashkortostan
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3947:Turkification
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3563:
3562:Baraba Tatars
3559:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Common Turkic
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3294:Western Yugur
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Crimean Tatar
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2985:on 2005-08-01
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2950:0-7914-0819-1
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2881:
2879:0-521-64221-3
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2830:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2785:
2783:90-6831-799-7
2779:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:Turkification
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2463:
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2460:Classical Age
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2198:190 BC–428 AD
2197:
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2188:247 BC–224 AD
2187:
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2061:Classical Age
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2033:Median Empire
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1532:İsabey Mosque
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1291:(also called
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1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:c. 1290–1362
1011:
1009:
1006:
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1001:
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994:Capital city
993:
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989:
983:
981:
977:
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948:
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935:Çubukoğulları
933:
928:
926:
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788:Capital city
787:
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250:Catalan Atlas
245:
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215:
211:
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199:
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189:
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182:
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172:
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161:) were small
159:
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113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
9433:(~1375–1390)
9415:(? - ?)
9375:lost to the
9374:
9086:Sahib Ataids
9038:(? - ?)
9032:(? - ?)
8776:Menteshe Bey
8749:temporarily
8703:present-day
8670:Menteshe Bey
8655:(~1261–1424)
8633:Süleyman Bey
8621:Murad Arslan
8548:(~1300–1368)
8526:Süleyman Bey
8351:Alâeddin Ali
8320:
8190:(~1250–1487)
8164:(? - ?)
8158:(? - ?)
8152:(? - ?)
8140:(~1280–1324)
8043:(~1280–1374)
7988:
7624:Melik Arslan
7481:(? - ?)
7475:(? - ?)
7418:clan of the
7301:
7215:(~1300–1461)
7181:
7119:(? - ?)
6979:(~1124–1132)
6814:Mengücek Bey
6753:Mengücek Bey
6710:Melik Ismail
6698:Melik Zünnun
6692:Melik Mehmed
6557:(? - ?)
6551:(? - ?)
6473:
6303:(? - ?)
6297:(? - ?)
6094:
6036:Gurju Khatun
5862:
5852:
5849:Kayqubad III
5842:
5832:
5829:Kayqubad III
5822:
5813:Kayqubad III
5758:
5755:Kaykhusraw I
5737:Kaykhusraw I
5559:
5547:
5535:
5523:
5511:
5396:Illumination
5332:Architecture
5260:Human rights
5248:Universities
5166:Ethnic Kurds
5153:Demographics
5064:Construction
4474:
4449:
4244:Qalandariyya
4219:Christianity
4030:Turkmenistan
3968: /
3959:Turco-Mongol
3398:Azerbaijanis
2987:. Retrieved
2983:the original
2961:
2936:
2914:
2888:
2864:
2857:
2842:
2837:
2817:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2773:
2764:
2676:LGBT history
2634:Christianity
2404:Kara Koyunlu
2374:Latin Empire
2333:
2252:Medieval Age
2224:Ancient Rome
2218:163 BC–72 AD
1953:Neo-Hittites
1866:Neo-Hittites
1850:1300–1250 BC
1830:1500–1290 BC
1820:1500–1300 BC
1810:1500–1320 BC
1800:1680–1220 BC
1790:1650–1450 BC
1780:1700–1300 BC
1770:1780–1680 BC
1760:1950–1750 BC
1750:2300–1400 BC
1740:2400–2150 BC
1730:2500–2000 BC
1591:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1488:Architecture
1474:
1453:
1390:Sahib Ataids
969:
815:
768:are listed.
755:
707:and his son
702:
642:
585:
556:
496:GOLDEN HORDE
417:Aegean coast
403:
388:
364:
346:
341:
327:
317:
312:
300:
296:
290:
286:
271:Oghuz Turkic
256:
248:
233:principality
224:
220:
218:
212:to form the
209:
192:
187:
185:
175:
173:governed by
149:
145:
129:
128:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
9314:(1301–1423)
9294:(1388–1390)
9277:(1302–1345)
9275:Saruhan Bey
9211:Saruhan Bey
9196:(1302–1410)
9194:Sarukhanids
9176:(1288–1341)
9088:(1275–1341)
9056:(1511–1516)
9050:(1490–1511)
9020:(1417–1427)
9014:(1416–1417)
9012:Ibrahim Bey
9000:Ibrahim Bey
8948:Ramazan Bey
8933:(1352–1516)
8913:(1300–1326)
8907:(1296–1300)
8901:(1277–1296)
8895:(1261–1277)
8816:(1261–1322)
8814:Pervâneoğlu
8635:(1345–1368)
8629:(? - ~1360)
8528:(1345–1360)
8522:(1328–1345)
8516:(1328–1345)
8510:(1307–1328)
8421:(1303–1360)
8401:(1483–1487)
8395:(1469–1483)
8389:(1464–1469)
8377:(1424–1464)
8371:(1418–1424)
8359:(1398–1399)
8353:(1357–1398)
8347:(1356–1357)
8341:(1351–1356)
8335:(1350–1351)
8329:(1349–1350)
8323:(1348–1349)
8313:(1333–1348)
8307:(1312–1333)
8301:(1308–1312)
8295:(1300–1308)
8289:(1283–1300)
8283:(1261–1283)
8277:(1256–1261)
8146:(1324–1330)
8023:(1361–1387)
8017:(1340–1361)
8011:(1300–1340)
7919:(1300–1429)
7917:Germiyanids
7899:(1320–1326)
7893:(1302–1320)
7887:(1288–1302)
7814:(1288–1326)
7794:(1380–1381)
7788:(1365–1380)
7782:(1352–1365)
7776:(1328–1352)
7670:(1328–1381)
7644:(1492–1507)
7620:(1443–1454)
7614:(1396–1443)
7608:(1386–1396)
7602:(1348–1386)
7596:(1348–1348)
7505:Dulkadirids
7394:(1227–1309)
7374:(1443–1461)
7368:(1440–1443)
7362:(1385–1440)
7345:(1384–1392)
7339:(1361–1385)
7333:(1340–1361)
7327:(1340–1345)
7302:temporarily
7238:Oghuz Turks
7180:(1405–1425
7174:(1403–1405)
7168:(1402–1403)
7113:(1334–1348)
7107:(1307–1334)
7088:Sakız/Chios
7023:(1307–1425)
7003:(1200–1202)
6997:(1191–1200)
6991:(1168–1191)
6985:(1132–1168)
6967:(1072–1102)
6903:(1072–1202)
6832:Danishmends
6822:(1118–1120)
6816:(1071–1118)
6738:(1071–1277)
6736:Mengujekids
6718:(1175-1178)
6712:(1164–1175)
6706:(1143–1164)
6700:(1142–1143)
6694:(1134–1142)
6688:(1104–1134)
6682:(1084–1104)
6676:(1071–1084)
6577:(1071–1178)
6575:Danishmends
6545:(1112–1124)
6528:(1154–1176)
6522:(1122–1154)
6516:(1106–1122)
6499:(1104–1131)
6493:(1102–1104)
6342:Ahlat Tombs
6327:(1185–1207)
6321:(1193–1197)
6315:(1185–1193)
6309:(1128–1185)
6291:(1100–1112)
6182:(1100–1207)
6180:Shah-Armens
5809:(1282–1284)
5803:(1265–1282)
5797:(1249–1257)
5795:Kayqubad II
5791:(1248–1265)
5785:(1246–1260)
5779:(1237–1246)
5773:(1220–1237)
5767:(1211–1220)
5751:(1204–1205)
5745:(1196–1204)
5739:(1192–1196)
5733:(1156–1192)
5727:(1116–1156)
5721:(1107–1116)
5715:(1092–1107)
5709:(1077–1086)
5549:WikiProject
5480:Video games
5272:Individuals
5265:LGBT rights
5255:Health care
5222:Immigration
5003:Gendarmerie
4962:Referendums
4878:Legislative
4775:Earthquakes
4660:Oghuz Turks
4549:Dissolution
4234:Malamatiyya
3886:Pan-Turkism
3866:Grey Wolves
3831:Oghuz Turks
3751:Afghanistan
3536:Qarai Turks
3466:Karakalpaks
3234:Sakha/Yakut
3124:Fuyü Gïrgïs
3079:Azerbaijani
2965:(in German)
2960:Westermann
2597:Oghuz Turks
2562:(1930–1945)
2560:(1923–1930)
2550:(1920–1923)
2540:(1919–1922)
2504:(1908–1922)
2494:(1789–1908)
2484:(1703–1789)
2474:(1566–1703)
2464:(1453–1566)
2454:(1299–1453)
2432:Ottoman Era
2418:(1378–1501)
2408:(1375–1468)
2398:(1256–1335)
2388:(1250–1487)
2378:(1204–1261)
2368:(1204–1461)
2358:(1101–1409)
2348:(1098–1150)
2338:(1081–1423)
2328:(1078–1375)
2318:(1077–1307)
2308:(1071–1178)
2304:Danishmends
2298:(1037–1194)
2017:1000–545 BC
2007:1000–700 BC
1997:1000–560 BC
1987:1100–560 BC
1977:1150–547 BC
1967:1200–700 BC
1957:1200–800 BC
1947:1200–800 BC
1910:1000–545 BC
1900:1000–700 BC
1890:1150–547 BC
1880:1200–700 BC
1870:1200–800 BC
1860:1200–800 BC
1840:1450–350 BC
1826:Hayasa-Azzi
1720:3000–700 BC
1621:History of
1477:Ottoman art
1405:Sarukhanids
1326:(later the
1192:Germiyanids
1124:Dulkadirids
901:Mengujekids
812:Shah-Armens
399:Germiyanids
202:Oghuz Turks
186:One of the
9475:Categories
9292:Hızır Shah
9054:Hahmud Bey
9036:Dündar Bey
9024:Mehmed Bey
8954:Oghuz clan
8931:Ramadanids
8755:Güzelhisar
8508:Karesi Bey
8446:Karesi Bey
8375:Ibrahim II
8188:Karamanids
8170:(? - 1391)
7985:Yenicekent
7980:Yenicekent
7774:Eretna Bey
7685:Eretna Bey
7630:Shah Budak
7487:(? - 1309)
7236:branch of
6995:Mama Hatun
6965:Saltuk Bey
6918:Saltuk Bey
6435:Diyarbakır
6046:Baba Ishak
5879:Chronology
5783:Kaykaus II
5771:Kayqubad I
5707:Suleyman I
5630:Suleyman I
5421:Newspapers
5406:Literature
5386:Folk dance
5287:Corruption
5171:Minorities
5099:Renewables
5054:Automotive
4863:Government
4594:Secularism
4214:Burkhanism
4179:Aiyy Faith
4098:Nakhchivan
4035:Uzbekistan
4015:Kyrgyzstan
4010:Kazakhstan
4005:Azerbaijan
3876:Burkhanism
3702:Montenegro
3666:Dodecanese
3327:Old Uyghur
3312:Old Turkic
3214:Old Turkic
3149:Karakalpak
2989:2005-07-18
2756:References
2480:Old Regime
2414:Ak Koyunlu
2384:Karamanids
2168:282–129 BC
2118:306–168 BC
2114:Antigonids
2108:322–130 BC
2098:334–301 BC
2088:559–331 BC
2047:685–547 BC
2037:678–549 BC
1786:Kizzuwatna
1707:Bronze Age
1642:Prehistory
1588:monumental
1549:courtyards
1438:1321–1423
1414:1300–1410
1399:1275–1341
1384:1352–1608
1375:Ramadanids
1369:1277–1322
1354:1299–1922
1324:Ottomanids
1318:1261–1424
1303:1262–1391
1283:1296–1357
1256:1250–1487
1242:Karamanids
1236:1381–1398
1216:1300–1391
1201:1300–1429
1186:1285–1326
1171:1379–1410
1156:1335–1390
1137:1348–1522
1118:1211–1309
1098:1291–1461
1054:1300–1425
1029:Karamanids
959:1071–1098
944:1085–1112
929:1072–1202
914:1072–1277
895:1095–1183
891:Diyarbekir
880:1085–1398
871:Dilmaçoğlu
865:1071–1178
856:Danishmend
850:1102–1409
826:1110–1207
806:1081–1098
690:Hungarians
682:Byzantines
678:Aq Qoyunlu
509:GREAT KHAN
395:Karamanids
376:Byzantines
371:Asia Minor
200:branch of
69:newspapers
9355:Korkuteli
9329:Hamidoğlu
9323:Ancestors
9243:Kemalpaşa
9066:Kubad Bey
9060:Selim Bey
9030:Eyluk Bey
9018:Hamza Bey
9006:Ahmed Bey
8615:Inanç Bey
8573:Inanç Bey
8520:Yahşı Han
8514:Demir Han
8456:Balıkesir
8333:Şemseddin
8321:2nd reign
8299:Yahşı Han
8205:Nure Sûfi
8114:Korkuteli
8059:Ilyas Bey
8052:Ancestors
7812:Eshrefids
7693:Timurtash
7473:Alp Yürek
7446:Kastamonu
7430:Kastamonu
7392:Chobanids
7252:Kastamonu
7162:Tamerlane
7155:1402–1414
7150:Bayezid I
6901:Saltukids
6825:1120–1142
6704:Yağıbasan
6686:Emir Gazi
6653:Kastamonu
6543:Belek Bey
6440:Hasankeyf
6411:Hasankeyf
6372:Ancestors
6363:(1102 - )
6238:Adilcevaz
6228:Malazgirt
6041:Sâhib Ata
5869:Mesud III
5863:4th reign
5853:3rd reign
5843:3rd reign
5833:2nd reign
5823:2nd reign
5765:Kaykaus I
5759:2nd reign
5719:Melikshah
5620:Qutalmish
5475:TV series
5433:Miniature
5376:Festivals
5292:Terrorism
5243:Education
5176:Languages
5020:Air Force
4935:Elections
4883:Executive
4829:Mountains
4696:Geography
4615:Overviews
4554:Partition
4520:Tulip era
4260:Zahediyeh
4255:Safaviyya
4204:Bayramiye
4199:Batiniyya
4174:Shamanism
4157:Religions
4148:Turkology
4108:Tatarstan
4093:Khakassia
4063:Chuvashia
3989:Locations
3966:Tian Shan
3942:Migration
3917:Turkestan
3900:Hungarian
3891:Turkesism
3588:Kryashens
3576:Astrakhan
3501:Krymchaks
3461:Karachays
3382:Telengits
3378:Kumandins
3304:Alphabets
3134:Ili Turki
3044:Languages
2394:Ilkhanate
2288:(637–656)
2214:Commagene
2208:133–27 BC
2178:281–64 BC
2158:297–74 BC
2148:302–64 BC
2138:305–30 BC
2128:305–64 BC
1669:10,000 BC
1565:Hatuniye
1434:Korkuteli
1360:Pervâneid
1279:Çanakkale
1271:Balıkesir
1177:Eshrefids
1109:Kastamonu
1104:Chobanids
1090:Kastamonu
920:Saltukids
838:Hasankeyf
764:based in
717:Mehmed II
694:Tamerlane
636:Ilkhanate
618:MAJAPAHIT
598:SULTANATE
538:SULTANATE
518:ILKHANATE
449:Kastamonu
445:Black Sea
404:Osmanoğlu
360:Byzantine
324:Ilkhanate
318:However,
219:The word
193:Osmanoğlu
99:June 2010
9409:(?-1327)
9403:(1301-?)
9394:Dynasty:
9344:Capitals
9147:Sandıklı
9142:Beyşehir
9068:(1517-?)
9044:(?-1490)
9042:Omer Bey
9026:(1427-?)
9008:(?-1416)
9002:(1344-?)
8993:Dynasty:
8957:Capitals
8886:Dynasty:
8825:Ancestor
8769:Dynasty:
8740:Bozdoğan
8730:Acıpayam
8674:Capitals
8653:Menteshe
8608:Dynasty:
8557:Ancestor
8501:Dynasty:
8472:Aydıncık
8430:Ancestor
8419:Karasids
8281:Mehmet I
8268:Dynasty:
8227:Capitals
8199:Ancestor
8131:Dynasty:
8109:Gölhisar
8104:Uluborlu
8041:Hamidids
8002:Dynasty:
7928:Ancestor
7878:Dynasty:
7869:Bolvadin
7859:Beyşehir
7843:Beyşehir
7767:Dynasty:
7748:Erzincan
7705:, later
7689:Ilkhanid
7668:Eretnids
7636:Şahsuvar
7632:(?-1492)
7606:Sûli Bey
7587:Dynasty:
7542:Elbistan
7516:Ancestor
7460:Dynasty:
7451:Taşköprü
7312:Dynasty:
7194:Murad II
7125:(- 1390)
7111:Umur Beg
7098:Dynasty:
7078:Alaşehir
7050:, later
7042:Capitals
7021:Aydinids
6958:Dynasty:
6807:Dynasty:
6783:Erzincan
6763:Erzincan
6757:Capitals
6667:Dynasty:
6596:Capitals
6404:Capitals
6361:Artuqids
6319:Aksungur
6282:Dynasty:
6248:Eleşkirt
6011:Ibn Bibi
5859:Mesud II
5839:Mesud II
5819:Mesud II
5807:Mesud II
5614:Ancestor
5525:Category
5463:Football
5448:Painting
5391:Folklore
5299:Marriage
5205:Istanbul
5188:Religion
5141:Railways
5131:Aviation
5069:Currency
4927:Politics
4895:Judicial
4871:Branches
4849:Wildlife
4639:Military
4627:Economic
4532:Tanzimat
4224:Hurufism
4169:Tengrism
4118:Xinjiang
4073:Gagauzia
3922:Mongolia
3896:Turanism
3871:Kemalism
3859:Politics
3821:Kipchaks
3801:Göktürks
3796:Dughlats
3650:Bulgaria
3638:Abkhazia
3613:Turkmens
3596:Nağaybäk
3426:Bashkirs
3390:Tubalars
3374:Chelkans
3368:Altaians
3322:Cyrillic
3224:Pecheneg
3189:Krymchak
3094:Chagatai
3067:Southern
3062:Northern
2894:republic
2688:Timeline
2624:Religion
2585:By topic
2354:Artuqids
2154:Bithynia
2003:Tuwanuwa
1934:Iron Age
1896:Tuwanuwa
1796:Hittites
1726:Hattians
1693:5,500 BC
1681:9,000 BC
1612:a series
1610:Part of
1602:See also
1567:Madrassa
1563:(1302),
1553:minarets
1539:(1375),
1517:in 1375.
1515:Aydınids
1450:Language
1432:, later
1424:Hamidids
1350:Istanbul
1342:Dimetoka
1336:, later
1293:Inanjids
1273:, later
1262:Karasids
1231:Eretnids
1207:Hamidids
1182:Beyşehir
1167:Erzincan
1162:Erzincan
1150:, later
1143:Eretnids
1131:, later
1129:Elbistan
1088:, later
1043:, later
1036:Aydinids
955:Alaşehir
908:, later
906:Erzincan
886:İnaloğlu
832:Artuqids
727:and the
709:Murad II
705:Mehmed I
669:Anatolia
665:Ottomans
397:and the
309:margrave
171:Anatolia
9371:Antalya
9350:Antalya
9334:Founder
9331:dynasty
9288:(-1388)
9268:Dynasty
9259:Menemen
9249:Akhisar
9237:Demirci
9215:Capital
9205:Founder
9161:Dynasty
9152:Denizli
9137:Akşehir
9115:Capital
9109:of the
9097:Founder
8952:Yüreğir
8942:Founder
8854:Capital
8844:Founder
8837:of the
8794:Ibrahim
8757:, also
8664:Founder
8599:Denizli
8583:Denizli
8577:Capital
8567:Founder
8487:Bigadiç
8482:Edremit
8477:Bergama
8450:Capital
8440:Founder
8248:Karaman
8244:Larende
8239:Ermenek
8217:Founder
8118:Antalya
8099:Eğirdir
8083:Isparta
8077:Capital
8067:Founder
7954:Kütahya
7948:Capital
7938:Founder
7864:Akşehir
7837:Capital
7823:Founder
7728:Kayseri
7707:Kayseri
7697:Capital
7679:Founder
7573:Kayseri
7563:Malatya
7536:Capital
7526:Founder
7424:Capital
7403:Founder
7283:Kalecik
7278:Çankırı
7246:Capital
7224:Founder
7052:Ayasluğ
7032:Founder
6944:Erzurum
6928:Erzurum
6922:Capital
6912:Founder
6788:Divriği
6767:Divriği
6747:Founder
6638:Kayseri
6633:Malatya
6586:Founder
6394:Founder
6389:Türkmen
6381:, from
6243:Başkale
6201:Capital
6191:Founder
6151:Ephesus
6129:Capital
6125:Tzachas
6119:Founder
6108:Tzachas
5956:Culture
5725:Mesud I
5700:Dynasty
5691:Antalya
5680:Malatya
5669:Kayseri
5642:, then
5634:Capital
5624:Founder
5561:Outline
5537:Commons
5470:Theater
5453:Pottery
5369:Ottoman
5364:Cuisine
5342:Ottoman
5319:Culture
5304:Poverty
5236:Society
5121:Tourism
5074:Defense
5046:Economy
4888:Cabinet
4819:Geology
4763:Climate
4705:Regions
4632:Ottoman
4450:Beyliks
4446:Seljuks
4411:History
4301:Chovgan
4281:Kyz kuu
4194:Alevism
4131:Studies
3927:History
3910:Origins
3841:Türgesh
3811:Khazars
3806:Karluks
3786:Bulgars
3761:(Sakha)
3739:Uyghurs
3718:Tunisia
3706:Romania
3686:Lebanon
3654:Croatia
3642:Algeria
3631:Turkish
3623:Iranian
3608:Tofalar
3580:Chinese
3541:Qashqai
3526:Naimans
3471:Kazakhs
3451:Dolgans
3436:Chuvash
3431:Chulyms
3421:Balkars
3413:Georgia
3409:Armenia
3386:Teleuts
3363:Afshars
3355:Peoples
3332:Persian
3269:Turkmen
3264:Turkish
3229:Qashqai
3184:Kipchak
3104:Chuvash
3084:Bashkir
2943:Press.
2925:Sources
2639:Judaism
2174:Galatia
1993:Aeolis
1963:Phrygia
1943:Diauehi
1876:Phrygia
1856:Diauehi
1816:Mitanni
1766:Kussara
1756:Assyria
1746:Luwians
1561:Ermenek
1481:Seljuks
1465:Ottoman
1461:Turkish
1457:Persian
1445:Society
1430:Antalya
1309:Menteşe
1299:Denizli
1275:Bergama
1251:Karaman
1247:Larende
1212:Eğirdir
1197:Kütahya
1152:Kayseri
1113:Candars
1092:, last
1074:?–1460
1045:Ayasluğ
925:Erzurum
910:Divriği
721:Selim I
686:Pontics
674:Mamluks
657:Rumelia
645:Osman I
587:BEYLIKS
547:YADAVAS
527:GEORGIA
433:Menteşe
425:Saruhan
380:Genoese
365:As the
347:atabegs
336:to the
334:vassals
305:marches
297:uj begi
289:called
265:at the
239:History
210:beyliks
196:of the
188:beyliks
134:Turkish
83:scholar
9254:Gördes
9221:Manisa
9107:vizier
8984:Tarsus
8835:vizier
8759:Rhodes
8725:Çameli
8715:Finike
8383:(1464)
8287:Güneri
8234:Ereğli
8209:Afshar
7758:Niksar
7743:Amasya
7568:Harput
7298:Samsun
7273:Eflani
7148:under
7133:Events
6949:Tercan
6658:Ankara
6648:Amasya
6628:Niksar
6607:Niksar
6470:Aleppo
6460:Harput
6455:Midyat
6450:Mardin
6445:Silvan
6419:Harput
6415:Mardin
6263:Bitlis
6258:Tatvan
6223:Silvan
6156:Lesbos
6135:İzmir
5948:(1277)
5942:(1243)
5931:(1176)
5925:(1148)
5909:(1097)
5871:(1307)
5815:(1284)
5686:Alanya
5682:(1178)
5676:(1175)
5513:Portal
5458:Sports
5359:Cinema
5354:Carpet
5337:Seljuk
5327:Anthem
5210:Ankara
5079:Energy
4971:Topics
4839:Rivers
4756:Topics
4648:Topics
4403:Turkey
4291:Kokpar
4286:Jereed
4249:Rifaʽi
4239:Qadiri
4068:Crimea
4025:Turkey
3975:Otuken
3836:Shatuo
3826:K'o-sa
3791:Cumans
3781:Bulaqs
3765:Yugurs
3759:Yakuts
3744:Uzbeks
3734:Tuvans
3710:Serbia
3682:Kosovo
3678:Israel
3662:Cyprus
3619:Afghan
3592:Mishar
3570:Tatars
3531:Nogais
3521:Kumyks
3506:Kyrgyz
3491:Khalaj
3486:Khakas
3456:Gagauz
3284:Uyghur
3204:Kyrgyz
3174:Khazar
3169:Khalaj
3164:Khakas
3159:Kazakh
3144:Karaim
3129:Gagauz
3119:Dolgan
3099:Chulym
3089:Bulgar
3052:Afshar
3037:topics
3035:Turkic
2947:
2898:Ahiler
2876:
2849:
2825:
2780:
2023:Urartu
1983:Doris
1916:Urartu
1846:Assuwa
1806:Arzawa
1623:Turkey
1614:on the
1596:Manisa
1537:Selçuk
1507:Selçuk
1410:Manisa
1346:Edirne
1266:Karası
1086:Eflani
1080:Candar
1069:Amasya
1065:Samsun
1049:Selçuk
1023:Alanya
1018:Alaiye
1008:Ankara
1003:Ahiler
980:Turkic
972:Mongol
940:Harput
876:Bitlis
846:Harput
842:Mardin
596:MAMLUK
557:Tungus
507:OF THE
505:EMPIRE
439:. The
435:, and
421:Karasi
391:Aegean
382:, the
378:, the
356:mullah
292:uç bey
277:. The
275:Turkey
259:Seljuk
221:beylik
150:Beylik
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
9421:(?-?)
9241:Nif (
9062:(?-?)
8979:Adana
8963:Adana
8950:from
8877:Sinop
8860:Sinop
8788:Orhan
8782:Mesut
8751:Aydın
8735:Tavas
8710:Muğla
8688:Balat
8684:Milas
8680:Beçin
8546:Ladik
8492:Ezine
8393:Kasım
8254:Konya
8212:Oghuz
8207:from
7975:Simav
7738:Tokat
7733:Niğde
7723:Sivas
7703:Sivas
7638:(?-?)
7626:(?-?)
7578:Antep
7558:Maraş
7416:Oghuz
7288:Tosya
7268:Sinop
7083:Aydın
7073:İzmir
7048:Birgi
6882:Abaka
6793:Kemah
6643:Tokat
6623:Sivas
6602:Sivas
6386:Oghuz
6383:Döğer
6379:Artuk
6233:Erciş
6207:Ahlat
6161:Chios
5674:Sivas
5664:Konya
5644:Konya
5640:İznik
5443:Names
5438:Music
5411:Media
5282:Crime
5215:İzmir
4824:Lakes
4809:Fauna
4296:Jigit
4189:Islam
4103:Sakha
3881:Jadid
3816:Kimek
3726:Yemen
3714:Syria
3690:Libya
3670:Egypt
3658:Crete
3600:Volga
3584:Lipka
3551:Shors
3546:Salar
3513:China
3478:China
3289:Uzbek
3274:Tuvan
3254:Tatar
3239:Salar
3209:Nogai
3194:Kumyk
3114:Cuman
3057:Altai
2750:Taifa
2629:Islam
2043:Lydia
2013:Ionia
1973:Caria
1906:Ionia
1886:Caria
1836:Lycia
1576:Niğde
1545:Birgi
1527:Balat
1511:İzmir
1509:near
1467:era.
1380:Adana
1365:Sinop
1338:Bursa
1334:Söğüt
1314:Milas
1289:Ladik
1227:Sivas
1148:Sivas
1133:Maraş
1094:Sinop
1060:Canik
1041:Birgi
861:Sivas
822:Ahlat
802:İzmir
766:Konya
578:KHMER
569:SAING
567:MYIN-
536:DELHI
453:Sinop
429:Aydin
413:Söğüt
283:Konya
229:duchy
206:Bursa
169:) in
90:JSTOR
76:books
9312:Teke
8753:and
8745:Çine
8214:clan
8116:and
7413:Kayı
7293:Araç
7234:Kayı
7187:1425
7139:1390
7068:Tire
6875:1277
6850:1228
6465:Palu
6417:and
6391:clan
6273:Hani
5986:Rumi
5963:Arts
5485:Wine
5381:Flag
5084:Coal
5030:Navy
5025:Land
4493:Rise
4448:and
4113:Tuva
3980:Oğuz
3846:Uzes
3674:Iraq
3405:Iran
3279:Urum
3259:Tofa
3244:Shor
3074:Äynu
2945:ISBN
2874:ISBN
2847:ISBN
2823:ISBN
2778:ISBN
2450:Rise
1716:Troy
1584:dome
1551:and
1420:Teke
1348:and
1277:and
688:and
609:RYEO
478:1300
451:and
437:Teke
342:beys
329:beys
313:beys
287:beys
198:Kayı
176:beys
165:(or
62:news
8720:Kaş
8259:Mut
7164:to
6268:Muş
6253:Van
5349:Art
5094:Oil
5089:Gas
3748:in
3635:in
3510:in
3475:in
3402:in
1594:in
1574:in
1559:in
1543:at
1535:at
1525:at
1505:in
1471:Art
607:GO-
295:or
231:or
225:bey
45:by
9477::
9105:,
8319:,
6413:,
5416:TV
3724:,
3720:,
3716:,
3712:,
3708:,
3704:,
3700:,
3696:,
3692:,
3688:,
3684:,
3680:,
3676:,
3672:,
3668:,
3664:,
3660:,
3656:,
3652:,
3648:,
3644:,
3640:,
3621:,
3598:,
3594:,
3590:,
3586:,
3582:,
3578:,
3411:,
3407:,
3388:,
3384:,
3380:,
3376:,
2939:.
2905:^
2872:.
2868:.
2800:.
1665:c.
1426:)
1344:,
1340:,
1330:)
1253:)
1233:)
1115:)
1067:,
1051:)
844:,
840:,
818:)
743:.
700:.
684:,
676:,
431:,
427:,
423:,
301:uç
152:;
148:,
144::
140:,
136::
9381:)
9373:(
9245:)
8841:)
8833:(
8250:)
8246:(
7994:)
7987:(
7304:)
7300:(
7184:)
6476:)
6472:(
5861:(
5851:(
5841:(
5831:(
5821:(
5757:(
5596:e
5589:t
5582:v
4388:e
4381:t
4374:v
4357:.
4251:*
3902:)
3898:(
3020:e
3013:t
3006:v
2992:.
2953:.
2882:.
2831:.
2804:.
2786:.
2727:e
2720:t
2713:v
2278:)
1264:/
1249:(
1047:(
814:(
638:.
132:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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