418:
1558:, famous for her fair yet harsh rule. According to tradition, one day a foreign king placed a bag filled with gold at the intersection in Kalingga to test the fame truthfulness and honesty of the Kalingga people. Nobody dared to touch the bag that did not belong to them until 3 years later when Shima's son, the crown prince, accidentally touched the bag with his foot. The queen issued a death sentence to her own son but was overruled by a minister who appealed to the queen to spare the prince's life. Since it was the prince's foot that touched the bag of gold, it was decided that the foot must be punished through mutilation.
523:
67:
1513:
1922:訶陵，亦曰社婆，曰阇婆，在南海中。東距婆利，西墮婆登，南瀕海，北真臘。木為城，雖大屋亦覆以栟櫚。象牙為床若席。出玳瑁、黃白金、犀、象，國最富。有穴自湧鹽。以柳花、椰子為酒，飲之輒醉，宿昔壞。有文字，知星歷。食無匕筋。有毒女，與接輒苦瘡，人死屍不腐。王居阇婆城。其祖吉延東遷於婆露伽斯城，旁小國二十八，莫不臣服。其官有三十二大夫，而大坐敢兄為最貴。山上有郎卑野州，王常登以望海。夏至立八尺表，景在表南二尺四寸。貞觀中，與墮和羅、墮婆登皆遣使者入貢，太宗以璽詔優答。墮和羅丐良馬，帝與之。至上元間，國人推女子為王，號「悉莫」，威令整肅，道不舉遺。大食君聞之，賫金一囊置其郊，行者輒避，如是三年。太子過，以足躪金，悉莫怒，將斬之，群臣固請。悉莫曰：「而罪實本於足，可斷趾。」群臣復為請，乃斬指以徇。大食聞而畏之，不敢加兵。大歷中，訶陵使者三至。元和八年，獻僧只奴四、五色鸚鵡、頻伽鳥等。憲宗拜內四門府左果毅。使者讓其弟，帝嘉美，並官之。訖大和，再朝貢。咸通中，遣使獻女樂
369:
near
Pekalongan and Batang regency shows that Pekalongan was an ancient port, suggests that Pekalongan might be an altered name of Pe-Kaling-an. Kalingga existed between the 6th and 7th centuries, and it was one of the earliest Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms established in Java. The historical record of
1594:
at that time. Levy also gave figure that the Mu'awiyah possession of as many as around 5,000 ships in 655, were the reason why the caliphate envoys manage to safely reach
Kalingga during queen Shima reign, despite the length of distance between two nations.
1738:
temples, but they were probably built in a later period, during the early
Mataram Kingdom. Historians suggest that there was a link between this old kingdom and the later kingdom that flourished in the southern part of Central Java, specifically the
381:
civilizations with Islam were occurred in 7th AD century between
Arabian peoples with southeast Asia, contrary to most popular belief that Islam were brought to Nusantara, particularly Java island, by Indian merchants and preachers.
1710:
and is estimated to be from the 7th century. The inscription tells about a ruler named
Dapunta Selendra, the son of Santanu and Bhadrawati, and the husband of Sampula. Indonesian historian Prof. Drs. Boechari suggested that
490:) had arrived in Heling and stayed there for about three years. During his stay, and with the assistance of Jnanabhadra, a Kalinga Buddhist monk migrated from Kalinga Kingdom of Ancient India,he translated numerous Buddhist
392:
regarding the earliest contact of Islam in Java, although he also noted that the spread of Islam during queen Shima and Mu'awiyah era were not as vigorous as the later era in 15th AD century. The denomination of
1589:
in regards of Arab caliphate. Both Hamka, and Levy though that the envoys of
Umayyad managed to reach Kalingga kingdom due to the improvements of caliphate maritime navigation, as Mu'awiyah were focusing the
1726:
Both inscriptions suggest that in the 7th century, a Hindu
Shivaist kingdom flourished on the northern coast of Central Java, now identified as the Kalingga Kingdom. Some of the oldest Javanese
349:
The archaeological findings and historical records from this period are scarce, and the exact location of kingdom's capital is unknown. It is thought to be somewhere between present-day
1812:[Discovering the effectiveness of educational methods for teaching Arabic to non-native speakers in the Republic of Indonesia: Malang State University, Indonesia, as a model].
459:
The land produces tortoise-shell, gold and silver, rhinoceros-horns and ivory. The country is very rich; there is a cavern from which salt water bubbles up spontaneously. They make
2715:
219:
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is also called Djava, it is situated in the southern ocean, at the east of
Sumatra and at the west of Bali. At its south it has the sea and towards the north lies
456:
The people make fortifications of wood and even the largest houses are covered with palm leaves. They have couches of ivory and mats of the outer skin of bamboo.
1223:
2798:
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2251:
467:, when they drink of it, they become rapidly drunk. They have letters and are acquainted with astronomy. In eating they do not use spoons or chopsticks.
1712:
2677:
1203:
373:
The theory regarding contact between caliph Mu'awiyah with queen Shima of
Kalingga has become a basis for further analysis about history of Islam in
1183:
2171:
1541:
377:
conference in 2011 and earlier conference about
History of Islam in Indonesia in 1963, which researches suggested that the earliest contact of
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422:
2820:
1272:
2911:
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Between 742 and 755, the kingdom had moved further east from the Dieng Plateau, presumably in response to the expansion of the Buddhist
1810:"اكتشاف فعالية الوسائل التعليمية لتعليم اللغة العربية للناطقني بغريها يف مجهورية إندونيسيا: اجلامعة احلكومية ماالنج إبندونيسيا منوذجا"
2786:
2186:
1851:
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island which traced in 7th AD century, thus establishing the theory regarding the existence of trade route between Kalingga kingdom,
2020:"THE ARRIVAL AND SPREAD OF ISLAM IN THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO: AS REFLECTED AND SET FORTH IN HAMKA'S HISTORICAL WORK SEJARAH UMAT ISLAM"
2901:
2244:
417:
1786:
1968:
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2030:(20). International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, (ISTAC), International Islamic University Malaysia: 46.
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1985:
2237:
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1977:
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The Tukmas inscription was estimated to be originated from Kalingga period. It was discovered on the western slope of
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1995:
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It is stated that the king lives in a town called Djava, Djapa, or Djapo (闍婆). There is also a district called
255:
1730:
can also be found in the mountainous surrounding areas of northern Central Java, such as the Hindu temples of
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1357:
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31:
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479:. Groeneveldt argues that Djapa may be referring to Japara, but he does not hold a firm belief in that.
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2019:
1292:
1866:
1443:
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35:
17:
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which introduced by Hamka were supported by researcher who linked the founding of Islamic tomb in
590:
315:
2194:
2825:
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this kingdom is scarce and vague, and comes mostly from Chinese sources and local traditions.
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8:
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814:
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2102:(in Indonesian and Malay). Utusan Publications & Distributors. pp. 168–9, 264.
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2657:
2537:
2407:
2336:
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2195:"DARI PERSIA HINGGA CINA: Diskursus tentang Teori Kedatangan Islam di Melayu Nusantara"
1727:
1707:
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tells about a clear spring water that is so sacred that adored as the analogue of holy
1599:
1398:
1383:
1044:
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934:
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1987:
Sejarah perjuangan kaum Arab dalam pergerakan kemerdekaan 1945 dan setelah kemerdekaan
522:
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2527:
2507:
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2397:
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2143:
2103:
2066:
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1991:
1964:
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1801:
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1233:
1213:
994:
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1956:
1657:'s source in India. The inscription also bears Hindu signs and imageries, such as
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It was the earliest Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Central Java, and together with
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707:
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92:
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Hamka's Great Story A Master Writer's Vision of Islam for Modern Indonesia
2609:
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1911:
Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca, Compiled from Chinese Sources
1874:
1607:
1582:
1555:
824:
747:
549:
146:
51:
1875:"The Role o f t he Arabic Teacher i n t he Spread of Islam in Nusantara"
30:
This article is about the Javanese kingdom. For the Indian kingdom, see
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559:
491:
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110:
106:
96:
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2446:
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1759:
Chang Chi-yun. "Eastern Asia in the Sui and T'and Period" (map).
1671:
1659:
1578:
647:
402:
114:
1905:
1903:
2758:
2753:
2461:
1808:
Ahmad Yani bin Imam Shabari; Siti Sara bint Haji Ahmad (2019).
1681:
1654:
757:
354:
293:
263:
82:
1561:
According to Indonesian historians seminar which organized by
2733:
2667:
2594:
2456:
1900:
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Vol. 1. Taipei: Chinese Culture University Press, 1980. p. 49
1698:
Another inscription dated from around the same period is the
1687:
1566:
627:
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330:
2172:"Catatan Hamka Soal Hubungan Muawiyah dan Ratu Sima di Jawa"
2662:
2266:
1562:
432:
The Chinese sources come from China and date back to the
1963:. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press.
1879:
Ilomata International Journal of Social Science (IJSS)
1852:"Korespondensi Sriwijaya dengan Khilafah Bani Umayyah"
2017:
2011:
1706:, Central Java. It is written in the Kavi script in
1702:, discovered in Sojomerto village, Kecamatan Reban,
1641:, at Dusun Dakawu, Lebak village, Kecamatan Grabag,
1569:, queen Shima has managed to establish contact with
421:
Image of person from Kalingga/Java (大闍婆國), from the
2092:
486:, in 664 a Chinese Buddhist monk named Huining (會寧
1743:, known as the Sailendra of the Mataram Kingdom.
2883:
1934:
475:on the mountains, identified by Groeneveldt as
77:Precisely unknown, suggested somewhere between
2259:
2192:
2169:
2065:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 116.
1983:
388:, an Indonesian culture expert, accepted this
2245:
2199:Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Islam
2055:
1849:
1785:] (in Indonesian). Balai Penelitian P3M,
1535:
423:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
2132:
1942:. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. p. 37.
1602:, a book composed in later period, Shima's
2252:
2238:
1930:
1928:
1542:
1528:
65:
2136:Hukum Pidana Islam Kerajaan Demak Abad 15
1951:
1949:
1938:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2
416:
1961:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia
1925:
1872:
1814:Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES)
1787:Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University
482:According to the Chinese Buddhist monk
14:
2884:
1990:(in Indonesian). pp. 3–4, 13–14.
1955:
2233:
2093:Ahmad Jelani Halimi (24 April 2024).
1946:
2142:(in Indonesian). Hasfa. p. 42.
1909:Groeneveldt, Willem Pieter (1876). "
1778:Jurnal penelitian agama, Issues 6-11
1585:, queen Shima regards Mu'awiyah as
24:
2912:Hindu Buddhist states in Indonesia
1984:Indra Wardhana (11 January 2020).
1691:(red lotus), those are symbols of
1645:, Central Java, and is written in
25:
2938:
2096:Sejarah dan tamadun bangsa Melayu
1554:In 674, the kingdom was ruled by
344:
1511:
521:
439:New history of the T’ang dynasty
217:
27:6th–7th century Javanese kingdom
2902:Precolonial states of Indonesia
1959:(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.).
1632:
409:empire, and Umayyad caliphate.
1916:
1769:
1753:
1224:French and British interregnum
463:of the hanging flowers of the
361:is found in northern coast of
298:
268:
259:
13:
1:
2201:(in Indonesian and English).
2026:(in Indonesian and English).
2018:Ahmad Nabil Amir PhD (2022).
1746:
1816:(in Indonesian and Arabic).
1112:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
32:Kalinga (historical kingdom)
7:
619:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
337:are the oldest kingdoms in
306:: ) in Chinese sources, or
10:
2943:
2260:Former states in Indonesia
2174:(in Indonesian). Republika
1935:Drs. R. Soekmono (1988) .
1783:Religious research Journal
1618:, and also the founder of
1563:Aceh provincial government
1293:United States of Indonesia
1130:Chinese Kongsi federations
412:
29:
2856:
2767:
2724:
2686:
2638:
2570:
2485:
2434:
2425:
2365:
2274:
2265:
1762:Historical Atlas of China
1571:Mu'awiya I ibn Abi Sufyan
1444:Javanese historical texts
289:
251:
233:
192:
188:
178:
168:
164:
156:
152:
140:
136:
128:
120:
102:
88:
73:
64:
59:
45:
2922:6th century in Indonesia
2917:7th century in Indonesia
1913:". Batavia: W. Bruining.
1822:Sebelas Maret University
1715:was the ancestor of the
1204:Dutch East India Company
845:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
310:in Arabic scriptures of
2907:Medieval Hindu kingdoms
2892:History of Central Java
2193:Lukmanul Hakim (2015).
2170:Muhammad Hafil (2020).
1719:who later ruled in the
367:archaeological findings
314:era; was a 6th-century
60:6th century–7th century
1255:Emergence of Indonesia
469:
429:
318:on the north coast of
180:• Disestablished
34:. For other uses, see
2133:Naili Anafah (2018).
1700:Sojomerto inscription
1610:, who is the king of
1310:Republic of Indonesia
1176:European colonization
1075:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
444:
442:, it is stated that:
436:. In book 222 of the
420:
89:Common languages
2688:Lesser Sunda Islands
1592:Early Caliphate navy
1518:Indonesia portal
1139:Heshun Confederation
1055:Yogyakarta Sultanate
985:Kalinyamat Sultanate
955:Sultanate of Jailolo
925:Sultanate of Ternate
638:Tarumanagara Kingdom
2897:Indianized kingdoms
1850:Muhammad Subarkah.
1283:National Revolution
1273:Japanese occupation
1159:Santiaogou Republic
1025:Palembang Sultanate
945:Sultanate of Tidore
815:Peureulak Sultanate
748:Dharmasraya Kingdom
170:• Established
1789:. 1994. p. 51
1708:Old Malay language
1600:Carita Parahyangan
1362:1998–present
1263:National Awakening
1093:Christian kingdoms
1059:1755–present
1049:1745–present
1045:Surakarta Sunanate
1015:Kingdom of Kaimana
969:1526–present
935:Sultanate of Bacan
855:Pagaruyung Kingdom
796:Islamic sultanates
688:Shailendra Dynasty
430:
359:Keling subdistrict
339:Indonesian history
316:Indianized kingdom
2879:
2878:
2566:
2565:
2421:
2420:
2024:Jurnal al - Sirat
1970:978-0-8248-0368-1
1579:Qurayshite caliph
1552:
1551:
1366:
1365:
1318:Liberal democracy
1301:
1300:
1246:
1245:
1234:Dutch East Indies
1167:
1166:
1120:
1119:
1102:Larantuka Kingdom
1083:
1082:
995:Mataram Sultanate
895:Cirebon Sultanate
875:Malacca Sultanate
835:Ternate Sultanate
786:
785:
768:Singhasari Empire
762:1000s–1300s
728:Kahuripan Kingdom
609:
608:
312:Umayyad Caliphate
241:
240:
229:
228:
225:
224:
142:• circa 674
16:(Redirected from
2934:
2829:
2812:
2795:
2716:Solor Watan Lema
2600:Lanfang Republic
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2090:
2084:
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2081:
2079:
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2042:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1932:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1873:Nur Ali (2021).
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1847:
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1840:
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1836:
1820:(1). Surakarta:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1773:
1767:
1757:
1713:Dapunta Selendra
1643:Magelang Regency
1544:
1537:
1530:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1328:Guided Democracy
1314:
1313:
1259:
1258:
1180:
1179:
1149:Lanfang Republic
1135:
1134:
1098:
1097:
1019:1600s–1926
1009:1528s–1877
975:Banjar Sultanate
965:Banten Sultanate
949:1500s–1967
865:Brunei Sultanate
801:
800:
778:Majapahit Empire
678:Srivijaya Empire
658:Kalingga Kingdom
624:
623:
591:Toba catastrophe
574:94,000–12,000 BP
545:
544:
525:
515:
497:
496:
357:. A place named
300:
291:
270:
261:
253:
252:Karajan Kalingga
221:
220:
209:
208:
194:
193:
69:
43:
42:
21:
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2936:
2935:
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2927:Former kingdoms
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2875:
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2403:Sumedang Larang
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2213:
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2016:
2012:
2002:
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1982:
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1971:
1954:
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1933:
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1921:
1917:
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1844:
1834:
1832:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1721:Mataram Kingdom
1635:
1620:Mataram Kingdom
1587:king of Ta-cheh
1581:. According to
1548:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1352:1967–1998
1342:1966–1967
1332:1959–1966
1322:1950–1959
1311:
1303:
1302:
1297:1949–1950
1287:1945–1949
1277:1942–1945
1267:1908–1942
1256:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1241:1945–1949
1240:
1239:1800–1942
1228:1806–1816
1218:1685–1824
1208:1602–1799
1198:1521–1677
1188:1512–1850
1177:
1169:
1168:
1163:1777–1853
1153:1777–1884
1143:1776–1854
1132:
1122:
1121:
1095:
1085:
1084:
1079:1824–1911
1069:1814–1946
1039:1725–1946
1029:1659–1823
1005:Johor Sultanate
999:1586–1755
989:1527–1599
979:1526–1863
959:1496–1903
939:1515–1946
929:1486–1914
919:1496–1903
909:1475–1554
905:Demak Sultanate
899:1445–1677
889:1405–1851
879:1400–1511
869:1368–1888
859:1347–1833
849:1267–1521
839:1257–1914
829:1225–1613
805:Spread of Islam
798:
788:
787:
782:1293–1527
772:1222–1292
752:1183–1347
742:1045–1221
732:1019–1045
698:Mataram Kingdom
621:
611:
610:
542:
513:
506:
415:
365:, however some
347:
218:
213:Mataram Kingdom
181:
171:
143:
55:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2818:
2813:
2801:
2796:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:Samudera Pasai
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2435:Hindu/Buddhist
2429:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2275:Hindu/Buddhist
2269:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2185:
2162:
2148:
2122:
2108:
2085:
2071:
2048:
2010:
1996:
1976:
1969:
1957:Coedès, George
1945:
1924:
1915:
1899:
1865:
1842:
1800:
1768:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1704:Batang Regency
1647:Pallava script
1634:
1631:
1604:great-grandson
1575:Umayyad caliph
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1065:Deli Sultanate
1061:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1035:Siak Sultanate
1031:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
987:
981:
980:
977:
971:
970:
967:
961:
960:
957:
951:
950:
947:
941:
940:
937:
931:
930:
927:
921:
920:
917:
915:Aceh Sultanate
911:
910:
907:
901:
900:
897:
891:
890:
887:
885:Sulu Sultanate
881:
880:
877:
871:
870:
867:
861:
860:
857:
851:
850:
847:
841:
840:
837:
831:
830:
827:
821:
820:
819:840–1292
817:
811:
810:
809:800–1600
807:
799:
794:
793:
790:
789:
784:
783:
780:
774:
773:
770:
764:
763:
760:
758:Pannai Kingdom
754:
753:
750:
744:
743:
740:
738:Kediri Kingdom
734:
733:
730:
724:
723:
722:932–1579
720:
714:
713:
712:914–1908
710:
704:
703:
702:716–1016
700:
694:
693:
690:
684:
683:
680:
674:
673:
670:
668:Melayu Kingdom
664:
663:
660:
654:
653:
650:
644:
643:
640:
634:
633:
630:
622:
617:
616:
613:
612:
607:
606:
603:
597:
596:
593:
587:
586:
584:
576:
575:
572:
566:
565:
562:
556:
555:
553:
543:
538:
537:
534:
533:
527:
526:
518:
517:
508:
507:
500:
414:
411:
386:Azyumardi Azra
363:Jepara Regency
346:
345:Historiography
343:
304:Middle Chinese
274:Middle Chinese
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
215:
206:
203:
202:
197:
190:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
150:
149:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
104:
100:
99:
90:
86:
85:
75:
71:
70:
62:
61:
57:
56:
50:ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦏꦭꦶꦁꦒ (
49:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2939:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2173:
2166:
2151:
2149:9786027693098
2145:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2127:
2111:
2109:9789676121554
2105:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2074:
2072:9780299308407
2068:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2057:James R. Rush
2052:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
1999:
1997:9785210732798
1993:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1919:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1853:
1846:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1732:Dieng Plateau
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1669:(water jar),
1668:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:Galuh Kingdom
1613:
1612:Sunda Kingdom
1609:
1605:
1601:
1598:According to
1596:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
993:
992:
988:
986:
983:
982:
978:
976:
973:
972:
968:
966:
963:
962:
958:
956:
953:
952:
948:
946:
943:
942:
938:
936:
933:
932:
928:
926:
923:
922:
918:
916:
913:
912:
908:
906:
903:
902:
898:
896:
893:
892:
888:
886:
883:
882:
878:
876:
873:
872:
868:
866:
863:
862:
858:
856:
853:
852:
848:
846:
843:
842:
838:
836:
833:
832:
828:
826:
823:
822:
818:
816:
813:
812:
808:
806:
803:
802:
797:
792:
791:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
769:
766:
765:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
749:
746:
745:
741:
739:
736:
735:
731:
729:
726:
725:
721:
719:
718:Sunda Kingdom
716:
715:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
699:
696:
695:
691:
689:
686:
685:
681:
679:
676:
675:
671:
669:
666:
665:
661:
659:
656:
655:
651:
649:
646:
645:
641:
639:
636:
635:
631:
629:
628:Kutai Kingdom
626:
625:
620:
615:
614:
604:
602:
599:
598:
594:
592:
589:
588:
585:
583:
582:
578:
577:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
561:
558:
557:
554:
552:
551:
547:
546:
541:
536:
535:
532:
529:
528:
524:
520:
519:
516:
510:
509:
504:
499:
498:
495:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
468:
466:
462:
457:
454:
452:
448:
443:
441:
440:
435:
428:
424:
419:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
387:
383:
380:
376:
371:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
342:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
295:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
265:
257:
249:
245:
236:
234:Today part of
232:
216:
214:
211:
210:
207:
205:
204:
201:
198:
196:
195:
191:
187:
183:
177:
173:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
145:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
58:
53:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2816:South Maluku
2357:Tarumanagara
2306:
2227:
2214:. Retrieved
2205:(15): 9–10.
2202:
2198:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2135:
2113:. Retrieved
2095:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2061:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2027:
2023:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1986:
1979:
1960:
1939:
1936:
1918:
1890:. Retrieved
1878:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1817:
1813:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1782:
1777:
1771:
1760:
1755:
1736:Gedong Songo
1725:
1697:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1639:Mount Merapi
1636:
1633:Inscriptions
1624:
1597:
1586:
1560:
1553:
1500:
1459:Christianity
708:Bali Kingdom
657:
601:Buni culture
579:
564:1,000,000 BP
548:
494:scriptures.
487:
481:
472:
470:
458:
455:
446:
445:
438:
434:Tang dynasty
431:
427:Chen Menglei
394:
389:
384:
372:
348:
335:Tarumanagara
328:
320:Central Java
307:
297:
281:
277:
267:
243:
242:
200:Succeeded by
199:
93:Old Javanese
40:
2824: [
2807: [
2804:Negeri Soya
2790: [
2630:Tanjungpura
2610:Negara Daha
2605:Negara Dipa
2543:Riau-Lingga
2442:Dharmasraya
2100:(Paperback)
1854:. Republika
1677:kalacengkha
1583:Reuben Levy
1556:Queen Shima
1424:Archaeology
1419:Agriculture
825:Aru Kingdom
550:Paleolithic
512:History of
395:Arab theory
390:Arab theory
375:Minangkabau
184:7th century
174:6th century
2886:Categories
2821:Tanah Hitu
2726:West Timor
2572:Kalimantan
2538:Pagaruyung
2413:Yogyakarta
2388:Kalinyamat
2342:Singhasari
2337:Shailendra
2282:Blambangan
1747:References
1741:Kedu Plain
1717:Sailendras
1693:Hindu gods
1577:and fifth
1573:the first
1481:Mass media
1358:Reform era
1338:Transition
1184:Portuguese
570:Flores Man
540:Prehistory
473:Lang-pi-ya
351:Pekalongan
121:Government
79:Pekalongan
2706:Larantuka
2615:Pontianak
2533:Palembang
2477:Srivijaya
2467:Samaskuta
2408:Surakarta
2347:Srivijaya
2317:Majapahit
2302:Kahuripan
2211:2614-3798
2036:2785-9169
1887:2714-8998
1830:2502-1044
1679:(shell),
1666:kamandalu
1629:dynasty.
1627:Sailendra
1439:Education
1348:New Order
1116:1670–1950
1106:1515–1904
692:600s–900s
682:600s–1025
672:600s–1347
662:500s–600s
652:400s-500s
642:400s–500s
595:75,000 BP
581:Neolithic
514:Indonesia
465:coco palm
407:Srivijaya
379:Nusantara
324:Indonesia
237:Indonesia
103:Religion
2871:Salawati
2744:Amanuban
2739:Amanatun
2640:Sulawesi
2590:Bulungan
2472:Sanfotsi
2307:Kalingga
2297:Janggala
2216:11 April
2178:10 April
2155:10 April
2115:10 April
2078:10 April
2059:(2016).
2041:12 April
2003:10 April
1940:, 2nd ed
1892:12 April
1858:10 April
1835:10 April
1793:4 August
1734:and the
1651:Sanskrit
1486:Military
1464:Hinduism
1454:Buddhism
1449:Religion
1429:Currency
1412:By topic
632:350–1605
560:Java Man
531:Timeline
503:a series
501:Part of
492:Hinayana
451:Cambodia
248:Javanese
244:Kalingga
124:Monarchy
111:Buddhism
107:Hinduism
97:Sanskrit
47:Kalingga
18:Kalingga
2866:Kaimana
2843:Jailolo
2833:Ternate
2787:Huamual
2782:Honimoa
2749:Amarasi
2673:Banggai
2625:Sarawak
2553:Serdang
2528:Malacca
2523:Langkat
2486:Islamic
2447:Kantoli
2427:Sumatra
2393:Mataram
2378:Cirebon
2366:Islamic
2332:Sanjaya
2322:Mataram
2140:(ebook)
1881:: 109.
1675:(axe),
1672:parashu
1660:trisula
1608:Sanjaya
1474:Judaism
1434:Economy
1399:Bandung
1384:Jakarta
1376:Regions
1214:British
1194:Spanish
648:Kantoli
605:400 BCE
488:Huìníng
447:Ka-ling
413:History
403:Sumatra
308:Ho-ling
286:Chinese
276:: ) or
256:Chinese
157:History
115:Animism
74:Capital
36:Kalinga
2838:Tidore
2799:Loloda
2769:Maluku
2759:Wehali
2754:Sonbai
2711:Mengwi
2620:Sambas
2585:Brunei
2580:Banjar
2503:Asahan
2462:Pannai
2452:Malayu
2398:Pajang
2373:Banten
2327:Rajasa
2312:Kediri
2292:Ishana
2209:
2146:
2106:
2069:
2034:
1994:
1967:
1885:
1828:
1728:candis
1682:chakra
1655:Ganges
1565:, and
505:on the
484:Yijing
355:Jepara
296::
294:pinyin
288::
282:She-bo
278:She-po
269:Hēlíng
266::
264:pinyin
258::
160:
132:
83:Jepara
2858:Papua
2848:Bacan
2828:]
2811:]
2794:]
2734:Amabi
2658:Buton
2595:Kutai
2518:Johor
2513:Jambi
2457:Mauli
2383:Demak
2352:Sunda
2287:Galuh
1781:[
1688:padma
1567:Hamka
1496:Women
1491:Sport
1469:Islam
1394:Bogor
477:Dieng
399:Barus
331:Kutai
299:Shépó
147:Shima
2701:Bima
2696:Bali
2678:Suai
2668:Wajo
2663:Luwu
2653:Bone
2648:Gowa
2558:Siak
2508:Deli
2493:Aceh
2267:Java
2218:2024
2207:ISSN
2203:VIII
2180:2024
2157:2024
2144:ISBN
2117:2024
2104:ISBN
2080:2024
2067:ISBN
2043:2024
2032:ISSN
2005:2024
1992:ISBN
1965:ISBN
1894:2024
1883:ISSN
1860:2024
1837:2024
1826:ISSN
1795:2024
1685:and
1614:and
1389:Bali
461:wine
333:and
129:Raja
81:and
52:Jawa
2777:Iha
2498:Aru
1818:XII
1649:in
1606:is
425:by
353:or
280:or
2888::
2826:id
2809:id
2792:id
2197:.
2125:^
2022:.
1948:^
1927:^
1902:^
1877:.
1824:.
1723:.
1695:.
1663:,
1622:.
453:.
401:,
341:.
326:.
322:,
302:;
292:;
290:闍婆
272:;
262:;
260:訶陵
254:;
250::
113:,
109:,
95:,
2253:e
2246:t
2239:v
2220:.
2182:.
2159:.
2119:.
2082:.
2045:.
2028:1
2007:.
1973:.
1896:.
1862:.
1839:.
1797:.
1764:.
1543:e
1536:t
1529:v
284:(
246:(
54:)
38:.
20:)
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