609:
169:
633:
696:
681:
657:
621:
49:
669:
645:
1066:
333:
349:
358:
1409:
312:. After the end of World War I, Italy requested control of the Second Special Area (the territory of the former Austro-Hungarian concession) and obtained it in 1920, which doubled the size of the Italian concession. Italy returned the Second Special Area to the Chinese authorities when it was in danger of coming under attack and occupation during the
227:
352:
Map showing the
Italian concessions & forts in China. Additionally, there were, together with other colonial powers: Taku (fort with Great Britain) and Beihai (only port commerce rights). However, the one with full and sole colonial control by Italy was
234:
On 7 September 1901, Italy was granted a concession of 46 hectares (114 acres) in
Tientsin from the Chinese government. On 7 June 1902, the Italians took control of the concession, which was to be administered by an Italian consul. The Italian
319:
In 1935, the
Italian concession had a population of about 6,261, including 110 Italian civilians and about 536 foreigners. It was the refuge of many rich Chinese families escaping from Japanese forces after the
608:
1022:
Marinelli, Maurizio. “The
Genesis of the Italian Concession in Tianjin: A Combination of Wishful Thinking and Realpolitik”. Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 15 (4), 2010: 536–556.
1412:
The
Italian empire before WWII is shown in red. Pink areas were annexed/occupied for various periods between 1940 and 1943. Italian concessions and forts in China are not shown.
152:
127:
1927:
585:
451:
During World War II, the
Italian concession in Tientsin had a garrison of approximately 600 Italian troops. On 9 September 1943, after the publication of the
2010:
695:
448:
in the new
Caserma Ermanno Carlotto. The police were Chinese, while the officers were Italians. There was even a football team in the Italian concession.
1016:
Marinelli, Maurizio, Andornino, Giovanni. Italy's
Encounter with Modern China: Imperial dreams, strategic ambitions, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
2005:
1374:
1032:
1054:
1019:
Marinelli, Maurizio. “The
Triumph of the Uncanny: Italians and Italian Architecture in Tianjin”, In Cultural Studies Review, Vol. 19, 2, 2013, 70–98.
1951:
680:
1932:
1130:
632:
572:
559:
1379:
725:
17:
1778:
818:
546:
941:
1369:
656:
293:
792:
283:. The two districts were converted into "Special Areas" under Chinese control, with a separate administration from the rest of Tientsin.
620:
668:
644:
1586:
874:
738:
475:
48:
1990:
1829:
1871:
1229:
341:
280:
1834:
1047:
374:
1702:
1511:
1438:
1062:
758:
168:
2015:
1621:
1506:
1027:
Trentini ed
Italiani contro l'Armata Rossa. La storia del corpo di spedizione in Estremo Oriente e dei Battaglioni Neri
923:
Guido Samarani (2010), "An Historical Turning Point: Italy's Relations with China Before and After 8 September 1943",
1886:
1753:
1682:
1538:
1179:
1125:
992:
951:
802:
768:
502:
491:
479:
264:
251:
2000:
1995:
1866:
1040:
245:
1937:
1799:
1491:
510:
1824:
1476:
1157:
794:"Restituiamo la Storia" – dagli archivi ai territori: Architetture e modelli urbani nel Mediterraneo orientale
1861:
1851:
1846:
1496:
1364:
1338:
1270:
1137:
1104:
720:
181:
172:
The Italian World War I monument and the Piazza Regina Elena in the Italian Concession of Tientsin (ca. 1935)
385:, the foreign powers obtained the right to station troops to protect their legations under the terms of the
1642:
1562:
1554:
1501:
1486:
1433:
1354:
1142:
1094:
400:
of China. On 7 June 1902, the concession was taken into Italian possession and administered by an Italian
272:
1856:
1481:
1313:
1162:
1907:
1737:
1732:
1707:
1453:
1359:
1152:
467:. Those that did had their personal weapons returned and were used by the Japanese as labour troops.
1917:
1246:
370:
321:
1099:
822:
1912:
1697:
1687:
1546:
1147:
590:
478:
which, like the RSI in Axis-held northern Italy, was not recognized by the Kingdom of Italy, the
464:
382:
1167:
1794:
1727:
1712:
1606:
715:
456:
452:
207:
1174:
1003:
378:
1637:
1448:
1389:
1278:
332:
8:
1611:
1581:
1468:
1298:
1224:
1219:
1214:
422:
348:
145:
1717:
1662:
1591:
1384:
1236:
1202:
487:
445:
463:. In November, they were given the choice to give their allegiance to Mussolini's new
1596:
1443:
1394:
1303:
1283:
1251:
1241:
1086:
988:
947:
798:
764:
313:
309:
1902:
1841:
1692:
1647:
1293:
1257:
1065:
887:
854:
577:
564:
498:
437:
393:
215:
199:
1002:, The Historical Journal, Cambridge University Press, 2016, available on CJO2016,
470:
In July 1944, the Italian Social Republic formally relinquished the concession to
357:
1881:
1458:
1197:
506:
483:
366:
288:
276:
389:. In addition, Italy obtained the concession in Tientsin, southeast of Beijing.
1819:
1763:
1616:
1308:
1189:
1070:
733:
551:
386:
1657:
1652:
1984:
1966:
1953:
1876:
1768:
1722:
1601:
1288:
943:
Italia d'oltremare: Storie dei territori italiani dalla conquista alla caduta
404:: the first was Cesare Poma and the last (in 1943) was Ferruccio Stefanelli.
268:
907:
Enrico Cernuschi and Vincent P. O'Hara (2006), "Italy and the Pacific War",
407:
Along with the other foreign concessions, the Italian concession lay on the
1773:
1758:
1000:
Italy’s Informal Imperialism in Tianjin during the Liberal Epoch, 1902-1922
843:
Grasselli, Enrico. "L’esercito italiano in Francia e in Oriente" p. 370-371
687:
521:
During the Italian presence, the following governors succeeded each other:
471:
417:
397:
237:
132:
377:
by the Boxers for several months. After the siege had been broken by the
1207:
525:
260:
226:
426:
408:
305:
1804:
1325:
482:, or most other nations. The Wang Jingwei government fell when the
460:
297:
1408:
414:
In the late 1920s, the Italians even held small forts such as the
1114:
336:
A map of the foreign concessions in Tientsin in 1912 showing the
301:
242:
211:
1922:
1814:
490:. At the same time, the Italian commercial concessions in the
430:
401:
392:
On 7 September 1901, a concession in Tientsin was ceded to the
241:("Royal Navy") stationed vessels at Tientsin such as the river
189:
286:
The Italian concession became the headquarters of the Italian
1809:
980:. Ufficio Storico Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito, Roma, 2005.
494:, Hankou, and Beijing were ceded to the Republic of China.
214:(formerly romanized as Tientsin), China, controlled by the
373:
became the center of an international incident during the
218:
between 1901 and 1943, officially ceded to China in 1947.
1928:
Postage stamps and postal history of Italian East Africa
505:, the Italian concession was formally ceded by Italy to
855:"Italian Fort near the "China Great wall" (in Italian)"
760:
Guido Samarani: "The Italian presence in China", p. 54
344:
was added to the Italian concession after World War I.
459:without fighting and the Italians were interned at
819:"Italian occupation of former Austrian Concession"
756:
27:Small Territory controlled by the Kingdom of Italy
1982:
1933:Postage stamps and postal history of Oltre Giuba
497:On 2 June 1946, the Kingdom of Italy became the
1622:Lighthouse "Francesco Crispi" (Cape Guardafui)
1048:
978:Le Regie truppe in Estremo Oriente, 1900-1901
2011:1947 disestablishments in the Italian Empire
987:University of Chicago Press. Berkeley, 2008
1011:L’esercito italiano in Francia e in Oriente
757:Marinelli, M.; Andornino, G. (2013-11-07).
501:and, on 10 February 1947, by virtue of the
1055:
1041:
701:Italian Theatre in Hebei District, Tianjin
2006:1901 establishments in the Italian Empire
1339:Concessions & Forts of Italy in China
976:De Courten, Ludovica, Sargeri, Giovanni.
1587:Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Asmara
1407:
939:
885:
852:
739:List of former foreign enclaves in China
476:Reorganized National Government of China
381:(that included Italy) at the end of the
356:
347:
331:
225:
167:
543:Luigi Gabrielli di Quercita (1921–1924)
14:
1983:
1872:Italian Somali Divisions (101 and 102)
444:and quartered it with soldiers of the
342:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
281:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
1370:Tentative to occupy French Somaliland
1036:
790:
455:, the concession was occupied by the
1738:History of Italian colonial railways
985:The Age of Openness China before Mao
901:
614:The Italian consulate, built in 1916
375:Siege of the International Legations
503:peace treaty with the Allied powers
24:
674:A mansion near Piazza Regina Elena
662:Sacred Heart Church, built in 1922
650:North China Conservancy Commission
230:Italian postage stamp for Tientsin
221:
64:Concession of the Kingdom of Italy
25:
2027:
925:Journal of Modern Italian Studies
917:
492:Shanghai International Settlement
453:Italian armistice with the Allies
1887:Italian guerrilla units (A.O.I.)
1867:Italian Libyan Colonial Division
1064:
694:
679:
667:
655:
643:
631:
619:
607:
411:, southeast of the city centre.
204:Concessione italiana di Tientsin
150:
125:
47:
1938:Postage stamps of Italian Libya
1800:Bands (Italian Army irregulars)
963:
933:
686:A mansion, former residence of
626:Italian barracks, built in 1916
292:that fought in 1919 during the
1991:Foreign concessions in Tianjin
1825:Royal Corps of Colonial Troops
1663:Addis Abeba under Italian rule
1334:Italian concession of Tientsin
1029:. Temi editrice. Trento, 2003.
973:, Rivista Militare, n. 6/1986.
879:
868:
846:
837:
811:
784:
750:
194:
185:
18:Italian concession of Tientsin
13:
1:
1862:2nd Libyan Division Pescatori
1852:Italian 2nd Eritrean Division
1847:Italian 1st Eritrean Division
1683:Mogadishu–Villabruzzi Railway
1004:doi:10.1017/S0018246X15000461
971:Una bandiera italiana in Cina
726:Map of concessions in Tianjin
721:Concessions of Italy in China
531:Giuseppe Chiostri (1904–1906)
361:Map of the Italian concession
178:Italian concession of Tianjin
34:Italian concession of Tianjin
1643:Mogadishu under Italian rule
1143:Independent State of Croatia
540:Marcello Roddolo (1920–1921)
516:
442:Battaglione italiano in Cina
273:German concession of Tianjin
7:
1857:1st Libyan Division Sibille
1703:Railway stations in Eritrea
1563:Asmara Presidential Palace
1314:Southern Military Territory
1175:Italian Province of Lubiana
1013:Corbaccio ed. Milano, 1934.
791:AA VV (21 September 2012).
709:
638:Former residence of Cao Kun
537:Vincenzo Fileti (1912–1920)
534:Oreste Da Vella (1906–1911)
10:
2032:
1390:Ticino, Valais and Grisons
1163:Principality of the Pindus
327:
1908:Italian East African lira
1895:
1787:
1746:
1708:Rail transport in Somalia
1675:
1630:
1574:
1531:
1524:
1467:
1426:
1419:
1405:
1347:
1324:
1269:
1188:
1180:Governorate of Montenegro
1113:
1084:
1077:
206:) was a small territory (
104:
100:
90:
80:
76:
68:
60:
44:
39:
32:
1918:Italian Somaliland rupia
1420:Settlers and Irredentism
1247:Galla-Sidamo Governorate
940:Beltrami, Vanni (2011).
744:
371:Beijing Legation Quarter
322:Second Sino-Japanese War
2001:20th century in Tianjin
1996:Former Italian colonies
1913:Italian Somaliland lira
1733:Libyan Railway stations
1698:Asmara-Massawa Cableway
1688:Ethio-Djibouti Railways
465:Italian Social Republic
1795:Italian African Police
1728:Italian Libya Railways
1607:Fiat Tagliero Building
1427:Settlers and colonists
1413:
909:World War II Quarterly
875:Caserma Carlotto photo
716:Concessions in Tianjin
474:'s Japanese-sponsored
457:Imperial Japanese Army
362:
354:
345:
231:
203:
173:
2016:China–Italy relations
1896:Currencies and Stamps
1497:Istria-Venezia Giulia
1411:
1138:Islands of the Aegean
379:Eight-Nation Alliance
360:
351:
335:
229:
171:
1967:39.1350°N 117.1939°E
586:Ferruccio Stefenelli
267:terminated both the
1963: /
1788:Police and military
1582:Mogadishu Cathedral
1225:Somalia Governorate
1220:Eritrea Governorate
1215:Italian East Africa
1095:Southeastern France
1009:Grasselli, Enrico.
423:Great Wall of China
294:Allied intervention
146:Wang Jingwei regime
82:• Established
1747:Political concepts
1718:Via della Vittoria
1592:Benghazi Cathedral
1555:Governor's Palace
1547:Governor's Palace
1539:Governor's Palace
1414:
1237:Amhara Governorate
1230:British Somaliland
1203:Italian Somaliland
1025:Mautone, Antonio.
969:Cucchi, Giuseppe.
446:San Marco Regiment
363:
355:
346:
338:Italian concession
232:
174:
92:• Annexation
1972:39.1350; 117.1939
1946:
1945:
1723:Linea dell'Impero
1671:
1670:
1597:Tripoli Cathedral
1520:
1519:
1403:
1402:
1348:Planned expansion
1304:Benghazi Province
1252:Scioa Governorate
1242:Harar Governorate
983:Dikötter, Frank.
825:on 21 August 2012
511:Republic of China
480:Republic of China
314:Chinese Civil War
310:Russian Civil War
265:Republic of China
253:Sebastiano Caboto
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
138:
137:
16:(Redirected from
2023:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1903:Eritrean tallero
1842:Ascari del Cielo
1764:New Roman Empire
1693:Eritrean Railway
1648:Italian Benghazi
1566:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1529:
1528:
1424:
1423:
1299:Misrata Province
1294:Tripoli Province
1258:Italian Ethiopia
1082:
1081:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1033:
998:Donati, Sabina.
958:
957:
937:
931:
921:
915:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
883:
877:
872:
866:
865:
863:
861:
850:
844:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
821:. Archived from
815:
809:
808:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
754:
730:
698:
683:
671:
659:
647:
635:
623:
611:
594:
581:
568:
555:
499:Italian Republic
438:Benito Mussolini
394:Kingdom of Italy
383:Battle of Peking
339:
279:'s lease of the
271:'s lease of the
259:In 1917, during
247:Ermanno Carlotto
216:Kingdom of Italy
196:
195:Tiānjīn Yì Zūjiè
187:
154:
153:
142:
141:
129:
128:
122:
121:
106:
105:
51:
30:
29:
21:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2020:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1891:
1882:Legione Redenta
1830:Eritrean Ascari
1783:
1742:
1667:
1658:Italian Massaua
1638:Italian Tripoli
1626:
1570:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1516:
1463:
1415:
1399:
1343:
1320:
1265:
1198:Italian Eritrea
1184:
1109:
1073:
1063:
1061:
966:
961:
954:
938:
934:
922:
918:
906:
902:
892:
890:
888:"Football team"
884:
880:
873:
869:
859:
857:
851:
847:
842:
838:
828:
826:
817:
816:
812:
805:
789:
785:
775:
773:
771:
755:
751:
747:
728:
712:
707:
706:
705:
702:
699:
690:
684:
675:
672:
663:
660:
651:
648:
639:
636:
627:
624:
615:
612:
599:
588:
575:
562:
549:
519:
507:Chiang Kai-shek
484:Empire of Japan
367:Boxer Rebellion
340:. The adjacent
337:
330:
324:began in 1937.
289:Legione Redenta
277:Austria-Hungary
224:
222:Characteristics
151:
126:
93:
83:
56:
53:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2029:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1676:Infrastructure
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1653:Italian Asmara
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1617:Asmara Theatre
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1309:Derna Province
1306:
1301:
1296:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1190:Horn of Africa
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1168:Ionian Islands
1165:
1160:
1158:Hellenic State
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:Italian Empire
1060:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1007:
996:
981:
974:
965:
962:
960:
959:
952:
932:
916:
900:
886:Trentoincina.
878:
867:
853:Trentoincina.
845:
836:
810:
803:
783:
769:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
736:
734:Italian Empire
731:
723:
718:
711:
708:
704:
703:
700:
693:
691:
685:
678:
676:
673:
666:
664:
661:
654:
652:
649:
642:
640:
637:
630:
628:
625:
618:
616:
613:
606:
603:
602:
601:
597:
596:
583:
570:
557:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
518:
515:
387:Boxer Protocol
329:
326:
223:
220:
164:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
148:
139:
136:
135:
130:
118:
117:
112:
102:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2028:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
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930:(4): 590–602.
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804:9788849273649
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770:9781137290939
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573:Filippo Zappi
571:
566:
561:
560:Luigi Neyrone
558:
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466:
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454:
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418:Shan Hai Kuan
412:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
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388:
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376:
372:
369:in 1900, the
368:
359:
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269:German Empire
266:
262:
257:
255:
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249:
248:
244:
240:
239:
228:
219:
217:
213:
210:) in central
209:
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201:
197:
191:
183:
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170:
149:
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63:
59:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1948:
1774:Fourth Shore
1759:Mare Nostrum
1541:(Mogadishu)
1532:Governmental
1525:Architecture
1333:
1279:Tripolitania
1256:
1131:World War II
1078:Subdivisions
1026:
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999:
984:
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964:Bibliography
942:
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891:. Retrieved
881:
870:
858:. Retrieved
848:
839:
827:. Retrieved
823:the original
813:
793:
786:
774:. Retrieved
759:
752:
729:(in Chinese)
688:Liang Qichao
598:
520:
496:
472:Wang Jingwei
469:
450:
441:
440:created the
435:
415:
413:
406:
398:Qing dynasty
391:
364:
318:
287:
285:
258:
252:
246:
238:Regia Marina
236:
233:
193:
177:
175:
133:Qing dynasty
115:Succeeded by
114:
109:
1970: /
1958:117°11′38″E
1612:Marble Arch
1507:Switzerland
1469:Irredentism
1208:Oltre Giuba
1126:World War I
914:(1): 14–19.
893:23 November
860:23 November
829:23 November
776:23 November
595:(1938–1943)
589: [
582:(1932–1938)
576: [
569:(1927–1932)
563: [
556:(1925–1927)
550: [
547:Guido Segre
528:(1901–1903)
526:Cesare Poma
365:During the
308:during the
261:World War I
110:Preceded by
1985:Categories
1955:39°08′06″N
1779:Third Rome
1713:Via Balbia
1549:(Tripoli)
1439:Dodecanese
300:troops in
208:concession
1565:(Asmara)
1557:(Asmara)
1284:Cyrenaica
517:Governors
436:In 1925,
427:Manchuria
421:near the
416:Forte di
353:Tientsin)
306:Manchuria
40:1901–1943
1631:Urbanism
1575:Civilian
1492:Dalmatia
1449:Ethiopia
1326:Far East
1148:Dalmatia
1122:Albania
1085:Western
710:See also
488:defeated
461:Tangshan
298:Red Army
296:against
243:gunboats
1477:Corsica
1459:Somalia
1444:Eritrea
1434:Albania
1395:Tunisia
1365:Majorca
1115:Balkans
1105:Corsica
429:and in
396:by the
328:History
302:Siberia
212:Tianjin
200:Italian
182:Chinese
69:History
1923:Somalo
1820:Spahis
1815:Savari
1805:Zaptié
1355:Adalia
1153:Greece
1100:Monaco
991:
950:
801:
767:
431:Hankow
409:Pei Ho
402:consul
263:, the
192::
190:pinyin
184::
72:
61:Status
1810:Dubat
1512:Corfu
1502:Malta
1487:Savoy
1454:Libya
1385:Malta
1380:Sudan
1375:Kenya
1360:Egypt
1271:Libya
745:Notes
593:]
580:]
567:]
554:]
186:天津意租界
1482:Nice
989:ISBN
948:ISBN
895:2014
862:2014
831:2014
799:ISBN
778:2014
765:ISBN
486:was
304:and
275:and
250:and
176:The
96:1943
86:1901
55:Flag
509:'s
425:in
1987::
946:.
928:15
797:.
763:.
591:it
578:it
565:it
552:it
513:.
433:.
316:.
256:.
202::
198:,
188:;
1056:e
1049:t
1042:v
1006:.
995:.
956:.
912:3
897:.
864:.
833:.
807:.
780:.
180:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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