34:
460:
444:. This was the direct result of an international conference on impunity, organised by the ICJ under the auspices of the United Nations in 1992, which adopted an appeal asking the Vienna conference to "set up an international penal tribunal…in order to finally break the cycle of impunity". In November 2006 the ICJ held an international meeting in
429:
347:
In 1955, the ICJ issued a report entitled Under False
Colours in which it stated that "the International Association of Democratic Lawyers and its subsidiaries proceed from a principle which is diametrically opposed to those which form the basis of the Commission’s work. Although it is careful not to
637:
Every few years, the ICJ convenes a World
Congress, where jurists from around the world work together to address a pressing human rights issue and agree normative principles and objectives in a public Declaration. These Declarations have frequently been used by inter-governmental bodies, including
242:
The ICJ's
International Law and Protection Programme works to promote the application of international law to violations of a civil, political, social or economic nature. The focus is on the international obligations of states to respect human rights, protect victims, and hold state and non-state
324:
Born at the ideological frontline of a divided post-war Berlin, the ICJ was established following the 1952 ‘International
Congress of Jurists’ in West Berlin . The Congress was organized by the ‘Investigating Committee of Free Jurists (ICJF)’, a group of German jurists committed to investigating
328:
During the
Congress, delegates decided to make provisions to expand the work of the ICJF to investigate human rights violations in other regions of the world. A five-member ‘Standing Committee of the Congress’ was appointed for this purpose and, in 1953, the Standing Committee created the
435:
In the 1990s, a number of important international developments took place as a result of initiatives by the ICJ. These included the UN Declaration on the
Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance and the recommendation by the Programme of Action of the
336:, a West German lawyer and the Acting President of the ICJF. Two weeks prior to the start of the Congress, on 8 July 1952, in an apparent attempt to intimidate participants, Dr. Linse was abducted by East German intelligence agents and delivered to the
547:
608:
649:
The ICJ's most recent
Declaration, agreed at the ICJ's 17th World Congress in December 2012, related to Access to Justice and Right to a Remedy in International Human Rights Systems. The full list of ICJ Congresses is as follows:
379:
considered that the ICJ was "set up and controlled by the CIA for propaganda operations." The CIA funding became public in 1967, but the organization survived the revelations after a period of reform under
Secretary General
583:
937:
523:
511:
559:
541:
626:
173:
drawn from a wide range of jurisdictions and legal traditions. The
Secretariat and the Commission undertake advocacy and policy work aimed at strengthening the role of lawyers and
356:
505:
402:
In 1978, the ICJ established the Centre for the
Independence of Judges and Lawyers (CIJL). It was instrumental in the formulation and adoption of the UN Basic Principles on the
602:
425:
577:
596:
535:
614:
638:
the United Nations, as well as bar associations, lawyers, academic centres and other human rights NGOs around the world. For example, the ICJ was responsible for the
1112:
1127:
947:
188:
The ICJ was established in 1953 by German jurists involved in human rights investigations in the Soviet Zone of post-war Germany. It was partially funded by the
553:
459:
The ICJ also initiated the drafting of the set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights through Action to Combat Impunity and the
316:. These focus on promoting and supporting the independence of the judiciary, the rule of law, and human rights issues specific to their local contexts.
348:
pronounce itself openly on the subject, the International Association of Democratic Lawyers defends and supports the principles of Soviet-Communism."
1122:
468:
461:
Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
732:
414:
368:
193:
1016:
565:
590:
517:
499:
329:“International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)” as a permanent organisation dedicated to the defence of human rights through the rule of law.
1117:
790:
737:
235:
The ICJ is active in promoting human rights and the rule of law at the international (e.g. the UN), regional, and national (e.g.
399:. MacDermot moved the ICJ away from its association with the CIA, to the forefront of the international human rights movement.
924:
220:
250:
1081:
1058:
916:
830:
942:
483:
437:
888:
822:
The Internationalization of Palace Wars: Lawyers, Economists, and the Contest to Transform Latin American States
20:
657:
2008 – Geneva, Switzerland – Upholding the Rule of Law and the Role of Judges & Lawyers in times of crisis
430:
Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
968:
727:
158:
60:
388:
funding. MacBride himself was involved in CIA funding, according to information the US government reported.
441:
1005:
654:
2012 – Geneva, Switzerland – Access to Justice and Right to a Remedy in International Human Rights Systems
938:"ICT Light of Truth Award ceremony brings together eminent individuals with historic connection to Tibet"
859:
410:
352:
189:
486:. The award is presented to organisations who have made outstanding contributions to the Tibetan cause.
406:
and the UN Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers and its mandate is to work for their implementation.
464:
453:
1017:"ICJ adopts Declaration on Access to Justice and Right to a Remedy", 12 December 2012, at icj.org
722:
432:, which continue to guide international law in the area of economic, social and cultural rights.
795:
281:
208:
820:
403:
909:
Behind the disappearances: Argentina's dirty war against human rights and the United Nations
791:"The International Commission of Jurists: Global Advocates for Human Rights. (Book review)"
639:
475:
224:
660:
2004 – Berlin, Germany – Upholding Human Rights and the Rule of Law in Combating Terrorism
8:
359:, but the CIA's role was not known to most of the ICJ's members. American founders like
196:, perceived as leftist by American officials. Starting from the 1970s, Secretary-General
64:
1070:
687:
1971 – Aspen, USA – Justice and the Individual: The Rule of Law under Current Pressures
259:
669:
1995 – Bangalore, India – Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Role of Lawyers
33:
1077:
1054:
920:
912:
826:
421:
372:
269:
203:
The current ICJ President is Professor Robert Goldman. Former Presidents include Sir
984:
332:
One of the key areas of concern for the 106 Congress delegates was the case of Dr.
98:
90:
396:
381:
185:. In addition, the ICJ has national sections and affiliates in over 70 countries.
1047:
893:
646:
in 1959, which set out the ICJ's conception of the Rule of Law as being dynamic.
392:
385:
340:. Despite international condemnation of the abduction, Dr. Linse was executed in
301:
263:
197:
94:
364:
275:
243:
actors accountable for violations and abuses. Specific areas of work include:
1106:
424:
to consider the nature and scope of the obligations of States parties to the
216:
494:
As at 2015 there are 21 autonomous National Sections of the ICJ. They are:
360:
333:
313:
297:
212:
204:
178:
155:
1072:
The International Commission of Jurists: Global Advocates for Human Rights
371:, which had been set up by leftist French lawyers with connections to the
972:
884:
717:
712:
643:
449:
376:
309:
285:
182:
166:
78:
325:
human rights abuses carried out in the Soviet Zone of post-war Germany.
1049:
NGOs and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: a Curious Grapevine
1028:
690:
1966 – Geneva, Switzerland – The ICJ's Mandate, Policies and Activities
479:
445:
16:
Non-governmental human rights organization based in Geneva, Switzerland
571:
693:
1962 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – Executive Action and the Rule of Law
675:
1989 – Caracas, Venezuela – The Independence of Judges and Lawyers
742:
620:
236:
681:
1981 – The Hague, Netherlands – Development and the Rule of Law
529:
341:
305:
293:
200:
moved the organization away from its association with the CIA.
170:
162:
74:
773:
702:
1952 – Berlin, Germany – The International Congress of Jurists
684:
1977 – Vienna, Austria – Human Rights in an Undemocratic World
426:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
420:
In 1986, the ICJ gathered a group of distinguished experts in
818:
761:
548:
Deutsche Sektion der Internationalen Juristen-Kommission E.V.
174:
696:
1959 – New Delhi, India – The Rule of Law in a Free Society
678:
1985 – Nairobi, Kenya – Human and Peoples’ Rights in Africa
161:. It is supported by an International Secretariat based in
609:
Svenska Avdelningen av Internationella Juristkommissionen
337:
247:
Centre for the Independence of Judges and Lawyers (CIJL);
1097:
788:
138:
1069:
1046:
469:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1113:International organisations based in Switzerland
1104:
733:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
584:Nederlands Juristen Comité voor de Mensenrechten
1128:Central Intelligence Agency front organizations
415:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
369:International Association of Democratic Lawyers
194:International Association of Democratic Lawyers
474:In April 2013, the ICJ was presented with the
351:The ICJ was initially partially funded by the
1067:
1044:
883:
911:, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990,
877:
440:in Vienna to work on the setting up of an
969:International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
428:. The meeting witnessed the birth of the
1123:International human rights organizations
814:
812:
789:Richard Pierre Claude (August 1, 1994).
632:
292:The ICJ operates regional programmes in
738:International Federation of Journalists
699:1955 – Athens, Greece – The Rule of Law
207:(2012–2017), a former member of the UN
1105:
819:Yves Dezalay, Bryant G. Garth (2002).
987:. International Commission of Jurists
809:
784:
782:
560:Karnataka State Commission of Jurists
230:
221:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
1076:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
524:Comisión Chilena de Derechos Humanos
489:
251:Economic, social and cultural rights
512:Österreichische Juristen-Kommission
148:International Commission of Jurists
27:International Commission of Jurists
13:
1038:
930:
779:
542:Asociación Ecuatoriana de Juristas
395:was Secretary-General, succeeding
14:
1139:
1118:Organizations established in 1952
1091:
367:conceived it as a counter to the
943:International Campaign for Tibet
627:American Association for the ICJ
484:International Campaign for Tibet
463:, both under examination at the
438:World Conference on Human Rights
32:
1022:
1010:
1006:Wikisource:Declaration of Delhi
999:
977:
962:
946:. 15 April 2013. Archived from
825:. University of Chicago Press.
901:
852:
839:
767:
755:
666:1998 – Cape Town, South Africa
530:Comisión Colombina de Juristas
409:In 1980, the ICJ received the
357:American Fund for Free Jurists
21:International Court of Justice
1:
847:Inside the Company: CIA Diary
748:
728:Congress for Cultural Freedom
506:Australian Section of the ICJ
404:Independence of the Judiciary
159:non-governmental organization
672:1992 – Cartigny, Switzerland
603:Slovenian Section of the ICJ
442:International Criminal Court
278:Human Rights Mechanisms; and
177:in protecting and promoting
19:Not to be confused with the
7:
889:"OBITUARY: Niall MacDermot"
706:
578:Nepalese Section of the ICJ
411:European Human Rights Prize
353:Central Intelligence Agency
190:Central Intelligence Agency
110:Robert Goldman (since 2017)
10:
1144:
1031:Accessed 17 September 2017
1019:Accessed 17 September 2017
849:, Allen Lane, 1975, p 611.
776:Accessed 17 September 2017
764:Accessed 17 September 2017
663:2001 – Geneva, Switzerland
465:UN Human Rights Commission
319:
256:Business and Human Rights;
18:
597:Polish Section of the ICJ
536:Danish Section of the ICJ
454:The Yogyakarta Principles
344:for “espionage” in 1953.
134:
124:
114:
104:
84:
70:
56:
48:
40:
31:
615:Swiss section of the ICJ
219:(2008–2011), the former
1029:"Congresses" at icj.org
985:"ICJ National Sections"
723:World Assembly of Youth
1068:Howard Tolley (1994).
1053:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1045:William Korey (2001).
796:Human Rights Quarterly
467:and also received the
209:Human Rights Committee
154:) is an international
633:Congresses of the ICJ
192:(CIA) to counter the
887:(27 February 1996).
774:"Regions" at icj.org
640:Declaration of Delhi
476:Light of Truth Award
270:Women's Human Rights
225:President of Ireland
762:"Themes" at icj.org
391:From 1970 to 1990,
239:in the UK) levels.
65:Consultative Status
28:
260:Sexual Orientation
231:Current activities
86:Official language
26:
925:978-0-8122-1313-3
554:Justice Hong Kong
490:National Sections
422:international law
375:. Ex-CIA officer
373:French resistance
169:, and staffed by
144:
143:
116:Secretary-General
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1075:
1064:
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860:"Peter Benenson"
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619:United Kingdom:
215:(2011–2012) and
120:Saman Zia-Zarifi
106:Acting President
36:
29:
25:
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1039:Further reading
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978:
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894:The Independent
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864:The Independent
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799:
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635:
625:United States:
492:
456:in March 2007.
393:Niall MacDermot
386:Ford Foundation
322:
302:Central America
282:Global Security
264:Gender Identity
233:
198:Niall MacDermot
127:
117:
107:
87:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1131:
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1120:
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1092:External links
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950:on 12 May 2013
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989:. Retrieved
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952:. Retrieved
948:the original
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908:
907:Iain Guest,
903:
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879:
868:. Retrieved
866:. 2005-02-28
863:
854:
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800:. Retrieved
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769:
757:
648:
636:
566:Jura Hominis
493:
473:
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419:
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401:
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361:Allen Dulles
355:through the
350:
346:
334:Walter Linse
331:
327:
323:
314:North Africa
298:Asia Pacific
291:
241:
234:
213:Pedro Nikken
211:, Professor
205:Nigel Rodley
202:
187:
179:human rights
156:human rights
151:
147:
145:
71:Headquarters
41:Abbreviation
973:NGO Monitor
885:Tam Dalyell
718:Rule of law
713:Vivian Bose
644:rule of law
552:Hong Kong:
504:Australia:
450:LGBT rights
377:Philip Agee
310:Middle East
286:Rule of Law
183:rule of law
167:Switzerland
139:www.icj.org
79:Switzerland
1107:Categories
870:2020-10-24
802:2009-10-10
749:References
601:Slovenia:
591:ICJ Norway
528:Colombia:
518:ICJ Canada
500:ICJ Africa
480:Dalai Lama
446:Yogyakarta
308:, and the
572:ICJ Kenya
546:Germany:
540:Ecuador:
534:Denmark:
510:Austria:
471:in 1993.
49:Formation
991:4 August
954:24 April
707:See also
607:Sweden:
595:Poland:
589:Norway:
516:Canada:
498:Africa:
482:and the
284:and the
181:and the
743:JUSTICE
642:on the
621:JUSTICE
576:Nepal:
570:Kenya:
564:Italy:
558:India:
522:Chile:
478:by the
320:History
237:JUSTICE
171:lawyers
135:Website
126:Staff
99:Spanish
91:English
1080:
1057:
927:p 111.
923:
915:
829:
586:(NJCM)
342:Moscow
306:Europe
294:Africa
175:judges
163:Geneva
95:French
75:Geneva
63:with
1078:ISBN
1055:ISBN
993:2015
956:2013
921:ISBN
913:ISBN
827:ISBN
448:for
363:and
312:and
262:and
223:and
146:The
57:Type
52:1952
413:by
338:KGB
152:ICJ
61:NGO
44:ICJ
1109::
971:,
940:.
919:,
891:.
862:.
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793:.
781:^
417:.
304:,
300:,
296:,
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995:.
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897:.
873:.
835:.
805:.
288:.
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266:;
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150:(
23:.
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