44:
1083:. Within this hierarchical system, each individual had a fixed status with clear-cut responsibilities and rights toward individuals above and below him. The ordinary people consisted of several groups. Every free man was the client or retainer of a person in the upper strata, while every slave was the property of an elite individual or family. The great majority of the free men were agriculturalists, townsmen and traders emerged as a result of the state being located on both continental and seafaring trading routes. The fact that it was one of the most important commercial centres in Southeast Asia can clearly be seen from the multitude of archaeological evidence found.
1099:. Buddhism became the core faith of early Thai society, linking up and unifying the various lifestyles and beliefs found in this region, and also played a part in determining the form of the political system. The Buddhist faith was recognised by both the state and the people. Buddhism also played an important part in the affairs of the ruling classes it was accepted in early Thai society that the king was not only the royal patron of Buddhism but also the
490:
858:
747:, who were already trading out of several important ports. About this time the importance of Suvarnabhumi lessened, whereas the importance of Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian archipelago appeared to grow, together with the importance of the “Empire of the South Sea”. The new network extended as far as the islands of
661:
Dvaravati remained relatively isolated. Although distinct, the sophisticated Mon-Dvaravati culture is based on Hindu cosmology. Its characteristic art style "such as the faceted miter sitting high on the forehead ... the facial features, especially the eyes″ has influenced Thai sculpture to this day.
827:
were introduced as beasts of burden instead of the oxen. This method was ideally suited for wet rice farming. Rice production increased and became an economic base for the development of the community. The people were able to develop their own economic system based on rice until they gained economic
682:
This theory ignored the fact that the indigenous groups already had their own political and cultural systems, although numerous and diverse, which were both individualistic and well developed. They had contacted and exchanged between the groups and then established a common culture before the advent
698:
and the Indian Ocean. They transported both new techniques and artefacts to the various settlements in
Southeast Asia. They were the main force influencing the later development of populated centres into states. They were in contact with the seafarers of Maritime Southeast Asia and became coastal
674:
Previously, studies on the initial state of Thai history were confined to the preconception that both its origin and existence were the results of Indian influences alone. These influences were seen as being a significant cause of early Thai states becoming a unified state with territorial power
634:- centered in the Mekong Delta and comprising territories inside modern day Thailand. Chinese annals confirm Funan's existence as early as the 1st century CE, but archaeological documentation implies an extensive human settlement history since the 4th century BCE. The
766:
The early coastal states continued to grow physically and spread inland, where they met up with more diverse cultures, which had already been through their own process of historical and cultural development. Their radiating power extended throughout the hinterland of
727:. These records correlate with certain archaeological finds. The Roman lamp, copper coins of Victorius, atche beads, enamelled beads were found in this area. These antiques were also firmly related to the trading which linked the Eastern and Western world.
1207:
Ji, Xueping; Kuman, Kathleen; Clarke, R.J.; Forestier, Hubert; Li, Yinghua; Ma, Juan; Qiu, Kaiwei; Li, Hao; Wu, Yun (May 2016). "The oldest
Hoabinhian technocomplex in Asia (43.5 ka) at Xiaodong rockshelter, Yunnan Province, southwest China".
670:
Instead of the theory of the migration from southern China, some posit an
Indigenous States theory. A number of indigenous states were able to absorb foreign political and cultural influences, and forge their own distinct cultural identity.
1075:
wielded full economic and power. Next was the upper class consisting of statesmen and high officials who supervised the carrying out of state and royal duties. There were also community leaders who interacted closely with the populace.
831:
Although the international trade through the Strait of
Malacca had been favoured since the 6th century, the overland routes from the coastal towns in Southern Myanmar to the port towns of central Thailand were favoured until the early
931:, as well as to immigrants from India. In addition, the population also consisted of coastal peoples, some mariners, Chinese, and a host of other minority groups. This important characteristic is “The great variety” of Thai people.
1125:
The development of
Buddhism during the early Thai state period formed the basis for a Buddhist society and state in this area and provides the historical basis and origins for the later development of the kingdom of Thailand.
1058:
The initial Thai society, the basic division was that between the rulers and the ruled. During this formative period, there were radical changes in the local political system. The original system of chiefdom is led by a
656:
principalities also appear during the middle of the first millennium in the lower Chao Phraya River valley of modern-day central
Thailand. Unlike Funan, Langkasuka and Tambralinga that were situated in the center of the
918:
The result of population movements and migrations certainly affected cultural traditions and lifestyles found among the peoples who are to populate the kingdom of
Thailand. Therefore, the Thai / Sama / Sayam /
646:, which after centuries of trade and socio-economic interaction with India had adopted and incorporated elements of Indian culture, religion, statecraft, administration, epigraphy, literature and architecture.
1526:"State-Formation of Southeast Asia and the Regional Integration - "thalassocratic" state - Base of Power is in the control of a strategic points such as strait, bay, river mouth etc. river mouth etc"
958:
in some places, and most self-identify as "Tai". A far more comprehensive list is available in Thai only for this term. For example, 29 ethnic groups & languages are identified as "Tai" in the
934:
Thai society and culture covered an area wider than that ruled by the state. Tai peoples refers collectively to the ethnic groups of southern China and
Southeast Asia, stretching from
551:, a name assigned to an industry and cultural continuity of stone tools and flaked cobble artifacts that appears around 10,000 BP in caves and rock shelters first described in
1468:
Higham, Charles; Higham, Thomas; Ciarla, Roberto; Douka, Katerina; Kijngam, Amphan; Rispoli, Fiorella (10 December 2011). "The
Origins of the Bronze Age of Southeast Asia".
1244:
704:
627:
in North-eastern
Thailand currently ranks as the earliest known center of copper and bronze production in Southeast Asia and has been dated to around 2,000 years BCE.
1103:
whose duty was to spread the faith through following the righteous path as well as through the domination and subjugation of other peoples through the waging of war.
743:, which helped to shorten the journey to East Asia. This brought the Gulf of Thailand mariners into direct confrontation with their rivals, the seafarers of the
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centres of the trade and the cultural activities during the 2nd to 6th centuries. Together with Suvarnabhumi and Funan, Chinese records mention the states of
808:
792:
950:. Despite never having a unified nation-state of their own, the peoples also share or historically shared a vague idea of a "Siam" nation, corrupted to
1417:
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kingdoms on the Malay peninsula appear in Chinese texts by the fifth century. As well as Funan these polities are characterized as fully developed
43:
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Lipson, Mark; Loh, Po-Ru; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Ko, Ying-Chin; Stoneking, Mark; Berger, Bonnie; Reich, David (19 August 2014).
1176:"Multiple Optima in Hoabinhian flaked stone artefact palaeoeconomics and palaeoecology at two archaeological sites in Northwest Thailand"
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covering areas of the Indochina peninsula. Furthermore, the idea of a unified state extended to the belief that its citizens were all of
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groups, who originate in North-Eastern India predominantly populated the riverine lowlands of Indochina since around 5000 years BP.
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The monks partook in religious duties which were more related to the needs of the ordinary people. They taught the people how to
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River valley around 3,000 BP, who introduced wet-rice and millet farming techniques in Mainland Southeast Asia. The site of
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took refuge in the deep jungle, although some enjoyed various degrees of influence over politically powerful persons.
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2004:
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Justin Van Leur, Indonesian Trade and Society : Essays in Asian Social and Economic History (The Hague, 1955).
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from the communities to coastal centres was due to their economic and cultural interaction with seafarers from the
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CHAU-JU-KUA: His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelfth and thirteenth Centuries, entitled chu-fan-chi
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313:
2413:
2374:
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1978:
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Gungwu, Wang (1958). "The Nanhai trade: a study of the early history of Chinese trade in the South China Sea".
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The import of new techniques and the growth of the initial Thai state affected agricultural production. The
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2009:
1999:
1645:
O.W. Wolters, History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives (Singapore, 1982), pp.4–8, 9–12.
1504:"THE VIRTUAL MUSEUM OF KHMER ART - History of Funan - The Liang Shu account from Chinese Empirical Records"
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who by around 30,000 BP had spread into all sub-regions. They left traces of the first local culture - the
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456:
451:
23:
1855:
E. Sarkisyanz, Buddhist Backgrounds of the Burmese Revolution, (The Hague/Martinus Nijhof, 1965) pp.33–67.
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Srisakra Vallibhotama, Southeast Asia in the 9th the 14th centuries (Singapore 1986), pp.229–238.
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and Rattanakosin became one of the trans-peninsula routes parallel with the Strait of Malacca.
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basin. There is evidence that the “Empire of the South Sea” had conquered the mainland once.
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759:. The area located among these land and islands became the commercial and economic base for
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Beneath these strata were the masses, the great majority of whom were either free men or
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1953:
1767:"The excavations at P'ong Tuk and their importance for the ancient history of Siam"
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had a direct relationship with the royalty through their ceremonial duties, the
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1741:"Chên-Li-Fu, A State on the Gulf of Siam at the beginning of the 13th century"
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The oldest known records of a political entity in Indochina are attributed to
208:
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2681:
2659:
2554:
1663:
George Coedes, Bulletin de la commission archeologique de l’Indochine (1911).
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1571:"Urban Morphology of Commercial Port Cities and Shophouses in Southeast Asia"
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immigrants arrived at the coast of central modern Vietnam around 2500 BP.
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1928:
1336:"Reconstructing Austronesian population history in Island Southeast Asia"
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951:
772:
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1110:, as well as giving lessons concerning the Buddhist doctrine. While the
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Asia's French Connection : George Coedes and the Coedes Collection
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1444:"Hunter-Gatherers in Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to the Present"
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1279:"The Austroasiatic Urheimat: the Southeastern Riverine Hypothesis"
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version in People's Republic of China alone. Tai peoples include:
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of Tambralinga, were mentioned in these records. According to the
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1392:"Austronesian Southeast Asia: An outline of contemporary issues"
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By the 6th century, mariners had learnt to use the prevailing
1625:"The Mon-Dvaravati Tradition of Early North-Central Thailand"
1246:
The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Volume One, Part One
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The growth of the initial Thai states gradually came into a
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and political power over all others states in this region.
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576:
1714:
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1333:
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in 961. The envoy reported the name of their kingdom was
1310:"THE AUSTRONESIAN SETTLEMENT OF MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA"
1467:
1418:"Origins of Ethnolinguistic Identity in Southeast Asia"
619:
suggests the immigration of settlers arriving from the
1206:
946:
and share similar traditions and festivals, including
923:
is the various indigenous peoples, Proto Malayu, Mon,
1803:
O.W. Wolters, Early Indonesian Commerce, pp.154–155.
1288:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 317–345.
1812:Friedrich Hirth and W.W. Rockhill (translators),
2857:
1435:
807:sent tribute to Chinese court by the command of
1816:(Cheng-Wen Publishing Company, 1967), pp.31–32.
1702:Paul Wheatle, The Golden Khersonese 1966, p.24.
1067:based on Indian models. The king and the royal
1876:
1276:
512:
980:The Thai of Thailand (Tai Noi or Little Tai)
1846:Skinner, Chinese society in Thailand, p.96.
886:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
665:
1883:
1869:
1441:
730:
519:
505:
1828:, (Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1958).
1586:
1367:
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906:Learn how and when to remove this message
836:period. Together with the rice commerce,
1568:
1738:
1693:George Coedes, Indianized States, p.22.
1684:, The recent discovery at NakornPathom.
1242:
1173:
2858:
1764:
1711:
1180:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
690:(Thai: U-Thong, Chinese: Chinlin) and
1890:
1864:
1277:Sidwell, Paul; Blench, Roger (2011).
1011:of Laos and China (also called "Dai")
1049:The various tribes in Yunnan, China.
884:adding citations to reliable sources
851:
1046:people of present-day North Vietnam
938:to eastern India and from southern
783:in 903. References to the kings of
13:
1837:Pelliot, “Le Fou-nan”, pp.265–266.
535:people's southward migration from
14:
2882:
1603:"Dvaravati ANCIENT KINGDOM, ASIA"
1018:of China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
1627:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1549:National Library of Australia.
856:
488:
42:
2702:Traditional musical instruments
1849:
1840:
1831:
1819:
1806:
1797:
1784:
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1739:Wolters, O.W. (November 1960).
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1071:together with the bureaucratic
1569:Han, Wang; Beisi, Jia (2016).
1410:
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1270:
1249:. Cambridge University Press.
1236:
1200:
1174:Marwick, Ben (December 2013).
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543:had already been populated by
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1025:(Tai Dam) of Laos and Vietnam
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711:and the later states such as
1588:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.02.031
1394:. Omnivoyage. Archived from
1230:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.09.080
942:to Thailand, that speak the
803:'s chronicle describes that
7:
2580:Water supply and sanitation
1826:An Outline History of China
1774:Journal of the Siam Society
1748:Journal of the Siam Society
1470:Journal of World Prehistory
1286:Dynamics of Human Diversity
1129:
1086:
1063:was changed to a system of
659:international trade network
559:, later also documented in
539:since the 4th century, the
10:
2887:
2434:Controlled-access highways
1794:1966, p.15, note 2, p.288.
1284:. In Enfield, N.J. (ed.).
1243:Tarling, Nicholas (1999).
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2516:Universities and colleges
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1987:
1911:
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1605:. Encyclopedia Britannica
1482:10.1007/s10963-011-9054-6
1193:10.1016/j.jaa.2013.08.004
1136:Early history of Thailand
987:(Thai Yai or Big Tai) of
977:or Thai Yuan) of Thailand
739:and navigate through the
2248:House of Representatives
2142:Administrative divisions
1506:. Wintermeier collection
1210:Quaternary International
666:Indigenous states theory
1765:Coedes, George (1928).
1556:21 October 2011 at the
731:Empire of the South Sea
2387:Science and technology
2355:Special economic zones
970:and Northeast Thailand
683:of Indian influences.
2744:Mythological creature
2275:Deputy Prime Minister
2191:Intelligence agencies
1792:The Golden Khersonese
1340:Nature Communications
763:as a maritime state.
541:Indochinese peninsula
2402:Traditional medicine
2116:World Heritage Sites
2071:Environmental issues
1575:Procedia Engineering
1398:on 25 September 2016
880:improve this section
781:Kingdom of Dvaravati
617:Two layer hypothesis
442:Peopling of Thailand
378:Rattanakosin Kingdom
2871:Indianized kingdoms
1352:2014NatCo...5.4689L
1222:2016QuInt.400..166J
1095:culture instead of
973:The Northern Thai (
686:The development of
644:Indianized kingdoms
495:Thailand portal
284:Nakhon Si Thammarat
2414:Telecommunications
2066:Floods in Thailand
1964:Siamese Revolution
1360:10.1038/ncomms5689
741:Straits of Malacca
615:The controversial
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1949:Ayutthaya Kingdom
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1531:. Keio University
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1257:
1241:
1237:
1205:
1201:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1132:
1089:
1065:divine kingship
1056:
912:
901:
895:
892:
877:
861:
850:
825:water buffaloes
821:
733:
696:South China Sea
668:
525:
489:
487:
482:
481:
437:
429:
428:
423:
422:
342:
334:
333:
257:
249:
248:
102:
92:
91:
65:
54:
34:
27:
12:
11:
5:
2884:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2793:Solar calendar
2790:
2788:Lunar calendar
2780:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
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2704:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
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2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2622:
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2605:
2599:
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2577:
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2567:
2562:
2557:
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2508:
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2496:
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2479:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:Stock Exchange
2406:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2352:
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2325:
2324:
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2313:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2270:Prime Minister
2267:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2149:
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2138:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2046:Municipalities
2043:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Initial states
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1818:
1805:
1796:
1790:Paul Wheatle,
1783:
1757:
1731:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1616:
1594:
1561:
1542:
1517:
1495:
1476:(4): 227–274.
1460:
1448:Digitalcommons
1434:
1423:. Roger Blench
1409:
1383:
1326:
1301:
1294:
1269:
1255:
1235:
1199:
1186:(4): 553–564.
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1108:read and write
1088:
1085:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
981:
978:
971:
914:
913:
864:
862:
855:
849:
846:
820:
817:
732:
729:
667:
664:
527:
526:
524:
523:
516:
509:
501:
498:
497:
484:
483:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
447:Constitutional
444:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
425:
424:
419:
418:
416:
410:
409:
407:
401:
400:
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392:
391:
389:
383:
382:
379:
375:
374:
371:
365:
364:
361:
355:
354:
351:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
330:
329:
326:
320:
319:
316:
310:
309:
306:
300:
299:
296:
290:
289:
286:
280:
279:
276:
270:
269:
266:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
245:
244:
241:
235:
234:
233:671 CE–1025 CE
231:
225:
224:
223:638 CE–1292 CE
221:
215:
214:
213:629 CE–1292 CE
211:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
193:500 CE–1200 CE
191:
185:
184:
183:468 CE–1388 CE
181:
175:
174:
171:
165:
164:
163:100 CE–1500 CE
161:
155:
154:
153:100 CE–1277 CE
151:
145:
144:
141:
135:
134:
133:200 BCE–700 CE
131:
125:
124:
123:691 BCE–638 CE
121:
115:
114:
111:
103:
100:Initial states
98:
97:
94:
93:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
74:
66:
61:
60:
55:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
29:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2883:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Ethnic groups
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:Manufacturing
2348:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Early history
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1809:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1780:(3): 195–209.
1779:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1626:
1620:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1527:
1521:
1505:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1419:
1413:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1295:9780858836389
1291:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:Raktamaritika
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
990:
986:
982:
979:
976:
972:
969:
965:
964:
963:
961:
960:Thai language
957:
953:
949:
945:
944:Tai languages
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
910:
907:
899:
889:
885:
881:
875:
874:
870:
865:This section
863:
859:
854:
853:
845:
843:
839:
835:
829:
826:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
693:
689:
684:
680:
678:
672:
663:
660:
655:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
600:
599:Austroasiatic
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:Austronesians
542:
538:
534:
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
503:
502:
500:
499:
496:
486:
485:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
433:
432:
417:
415:
412:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
377:
376:
372:
370:
367:
366:
362:
360:
357:
356:
352:
350:
347:
346:
338:
337:
327:
325:
322:
321:
317:
315:
312:
311:
307:
305:
302:
301:
297:
295:
292:
291:
287:
285:
282:
281:
277:
275:
272:
271:
267:
265:
262:
261:
253:
252:
243:790 CE–974 CE
242:
240:
237:
236:
232:
230:
227:
226:
222:
220:
217:
216:
212:
210:
207:
206:
203:600 CE–800 CE
202:
200:
197:
196:
192:
190:
187:
186:
182:
180:
177:
176:
173:300 CE–700 CE
172:
170:
167:
166:
162:
160:
157:
156:
152:
150:
147:
146:
142:
140:
137:
136:
132:
130:
129:Raktamaritika
127:
126:
122:
120:
117:
116:
112:
110:
107:
106:
101:
96:
95:
85:
83:
80:
79:
75:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
58:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
31:
30:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2756:Architecture
2687:Martial arts
2608:Architecture
2499:Demographics
2487:Prostitution
2482:Lèse majesté
2328:Car industry
2321:Central bank
2179:Human rights
2152:Constitution
1938:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1799:
1791:
1786:
1777:
1773:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1734:
1720:(2): 1–135.
1717:
1713:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1597:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1498:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1396:the original
1386:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1304:
1285:
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1245:
1238:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1124:
1105:
1101:Dharmikaraja
1090:
1078:
1057:
933:
917:
902:
893:
878:Please help
866:
834:Rattanakosin
830:
822:
789:King Bakaraj
785:Haribhunjaya
765:
734:
717:Lang-Jia-Shu
688:Suvarnabhumi
685:
681:
673:
669:
648:
629:
614:
610:Austronesian
597:
552:
530:
414:2001–present
381:1782–present
341:Main history
143:52 CE–600 CE
119:Singhanavati
109:Suvarnabhumi
99:
15:
2805:Video games
2397:Measurement
2303:Agriculture
2056:Earthquakes
1995:Archaeology
1929:Tai peoples
1631:10 February
1609:10 February
1581:: 190–197.
1535:10 February
1510:10 February
1453:10 February
1427:10 February
1319:10 February
1216:: 166–174.
1146:Tambralinga
1069:aristocracy
1032:(Tai Daeng)
966:The Lao of
896:August 2013
813:Xian-Lo-Gua
805:San-Fo-Shih
797:Javaka Raja
773:Tambralinga
769:Chao Phraya
721:To-Lo-Po-Ti
640:Tambralinga
591:, southern
531:Before the
472:Phitsanulok
209:Haripuñjaya
149:Tambralinga
72:Spirit Cave
33:History of
2860:Categories
2665:Literature
2477:Corruption
2392:Inventions
2310:(currency)
2243:Parliament
2211:Ministries
2174:Government
2162:Commission
2061:Ecoregions
1979:since 2001
1919:Prehistory
1912:Chronology
1754:(2): 1–35.
1162:References
1120:mendicants
848:Population
636:Langkasuka
625:Ban Chiang
561:Terengganu
549:Hoabinhian
239:Canasapura
159:Langkasuka
82:Ban Chiang
63:Prehistory
2655:Festivals
2650:Etiquette
2603:Animation
2570:Squatting
2511:Education
2424:Transport
2343:Renewable
2231:Air Force
2196:Judiciary
2157:Elections
2106:Volcanoes
2091:Provinces
2081:Mountains
2036:Addresses
2024:Geography
2005:Education
1974:1973–2001
1969:1932–1973
1490:162300712
1402:2 January
1315:. Sealang
1262:3 January
1097:Shamanism
1039:(Tai Kao)
1037:White Tai
1023:Black Tai
867:does not
838:Sukhothai
761:Srivijaya
757:Sri Lanka
679:descent.
654:Dvaravati
405:1973–2001
396:1932–1973
387:1782–1932
373:1767–1782
363:1351–1767
353:1238–1438
328:1810–1902
318:1808–1916
308:1457–1902
298:1605–1680
288:1278–1782
278:1094–1338
268:1292–1775
229:Srivijaya
219:Ngoenyang
189:Dvaravati
113:Legendary
2840:Category
2682:Marriage
2660:Folklore
2630:Clothing
2565:Religion
2555:Language
2548:COVID-19
2533:Gambling
2528:Feminism
2467:Abortion
2439:Railways
2429:Airports
2238:Monarchy
2216:Military
2206:Localism
2130:Politics
2111:Wildlife
2010:Military
2000:Economic
1988:By topic
1924:Peopling
1896:articles
1892:Thailand
1726:41503138
1554:Archived
1378:25137359
1346:: 4689.
1130:See also
1112:brahmins
1093:Buddhist
1087:Religion
1073:nobility
1009:Thai Lue
1004:of China
997:of China
948:Songkran
775:invaded
745:Java Sea
737:monsoons
585:Cambodia
573:Thailand
565:Malaysia
553:Hòa Bình
457:Economic
452:Military
53:Timeline
35:Thailand
24:a series
22:Part of
2824:Outline
2734:Aquatic
2724:Symbols
2635:Cuisine
2595:Culture
2455:Society
2419:Tourism
2338:Nuclear
2291:Economy
2147:Cabinet
2096:Regions
2076:Islands
2051:Climate
2041:Borders
1904:History
1369:4143916
1348:Bibcode
1218:Bibcode
1116:hermits
1054:Society
1044:Tai Dom
1030:Red Tai
940:Sichuan
888:removed
873:sources
842:Ayudhya
819:Economy
749:Sumatra
709:Pan-Pan
705:Tan-Tan
701:Tun-Sun
621:Yangtze
581:Myanmar
569:Sumatra
557:Vietnam
537:Guangxi
477:Bangkok
304:Pattani
294:Singora
199:Wen Dan
169:Pan Pan
139:Tun Sun
2845:Portal
2776:Flower
2766:Emblem
2751:Anthem
2729:Animal
2719:Sports
2670:Poetry
2625:Cinema
2618:Comics
2560:Racism
2538:Health
2504:People
2333:Energy
2260:Police
2253:Senate
2101:Rivers
1894:
1724:
1488:
1376:
1366:
1292:
1253:
1156:Javaka
1081:slaves
995:Zhuang
936:Hainan
929:Champa
795:, and
713:Chi Tu
589:Yunnan
436:Topics
274:Phayao
264:Lan Na
26:on the
2831:Index
2761:Deity
2697:Music
2692:Media
2677:Names
2645:Drama
2585:Women
2472:Crime
2316:Banks
2308:Baht
1770:(PDF)
1744:(PDF)
1722:JSTOR
1529:(PDF)
1486:S2CID
1421:(PDF)
1313:(PDF)
1282:(PDF)
1061:chief
1002:Buyei
989:Burma
975:Lanna
956:Assam
925:Khmer
725:Lo-Hu
692:Funan
632:Funan
606:Khmer
593:China
324:Reman
314:Satun
2783:Time
2771:Flag
2739:Bird
2639:wine
2375:NEEC
2365:CWEC
2226:Navy
2221:Army
2184:LGBT
1633:2018
1611:2018
1537:2018
1512:2018
1455:2018
1429:2018
1404:2017
1374:PMID
1321:2018
1290:ISBN
1264:2017
1251:ISBN
1141:Lavo
1118:and
1042:The
1035:The
1028:The
1021:The
1016:Nùng
1014:The
1007:The
1000:The
993:The
985:Shan
983:The
968:Laos
952:Shan
921:Siam
871:any
869:cite
801:Song
777:Lavo
755:and
753:Java
723:and
649:The
638:and
604:and
587:and
577:Laos
467:Isan
462:LGBT
179:Lavo
2613:Art
2543:HIV
2380:SEC
2370:NEC
2360:EEC
2201:Law
1583:doi
1579:142
1478:doi
1364:PMC
1356:doi
1226:doi
1214:400
1188:doi
954:or
882:by
779:or
677:Mon
651:Mon
602:Mon
533:Tai
2862::
1778:21
1776:.
1772:.
1752:48
1750:.
1746:.
1718:31
1716:.
1577:.
1573:.
1484:.
1474:24
1472:.
1446:.
1372:.
1362:.
1354:.
1342:.
1338:.
1224:.
1212:.
1184:32
1182:.
1178:.
927:,
840:,
815:.
787:,
751:,
719:,
715:,
707:,
703:,
595:.
583:,
579:,
575:,
571:,
567:,
563:,
555:,
2641:)
2637:(
1884:e
1877:t
1870:v
1728:.
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1358::
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1344:5
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909:)
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898:)
894:(
890:.
876:.
520:e
513:t
506:v
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