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77:
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166:. It was therefore unable to veto the authorization of member states to assist in the defense of South Korea. The United Nations forces pushed the North Koreans out of the South and made it to the Chinese border before the Chinese People's Volunteer Army intervened and pushed the UN back to the 38th parallel. Although a cease-fire was declared in 1953, UN forces remained along the demilitarized zone until 1967, when American and South Korean forces took over.
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63:. Chapter 6 describes the Security Council's power to investigate and mediate disputes, while Chapter 7 discusses the power to authorize economic, diplomatic, and military sanctions, as well as the use of military force, to resolve disputes. The founders of the UN envisioned that the organization would act to prevent conflicts between nations and make future wars impossible; however, the outbreak of the
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was the first of many steps to recap former peacekeeping missions, isolate flaws, and take steps to patch these mistakes to ensure the efficiency of future peacekeeping missions. The UN has vowed to continue to put these practices into effect when performing peacekeeping operations in the future. The
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One suggestion to address the problem of delays such as the one in Rwanda, is a rapid reaction force: a standing group, administered by the UN and deployed by the
Security Council that receives its troops and support from current Security Council members and is ready for quick deployment in the event
67:
made peacekeeping agreements extremely difficult due to the division of the world into hostile camps. Following the end of the Cold War, there were renewed calls for the UN to become the agency for achieving world peace, and the agency's peacekeeping dramatically increased, authorizing more missions
512:
With the end of the Cold War, a number of nations called for the UN to become an organization of world peace and do more to encourage the end to conflicts around the globe. The end of political gridlock in the
Security Council helped the number of peacekeeping missions increased substantially. In a
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made it difficult to implement peacekeeping measures in countries and regions seen to relate to the spread or containment of leftist and revolutionary movements. While some conflicts were separate enough from the Cold War to achieve consensus support for peacekeeping missions, most were too deeply
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as a means of resolving conflicts between states. He suggested deploying unarmed or lightly armed military personnel from a number of countries, under UN command, to areas where warring parties were in need of a neutral party to observe the peace process. Pearson's proposal and offer to dedicate
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The UN has also organized single peacekeeping missions aimed at ending civil wars in a number of countries. In
Central African Republic, MINURCA (1998) was created to oversee the disarmament of several mutinous groups of former CAR military personnel and militias as well as to assist with the
1125:
technocratic aspects of the reform process have been continued and revitalised by the DPKO in its 'Peace
Operations 2010' reform agenda. The 2008 capstone doctrine entitled "United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Principles and Guidelines" incorporates and builds on the Brahimi analysis.
114:
after World War II. From 1947 to 1954, Trieste was declared an independent city state under the protection of the United
Nations as the Free Territory of Trieste. The territory was divided into two zones, which later formed the basis for the division of the territory between
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study found the UN to be successful in two out of three peacekeeping efforts. It compared UN nation-building efforts to those of the United States, and found that seven out of eight UN cases are at peace, as opposed to four out of eight US cases at peace. Also in 2005, the
918:, the AU/UN Hybrid Operation in Darfur. Violence in Darfur, spilled over the border into Chad and the Central African Republic. In 2007, MINURCAT was deployed to minimize violence to civilians and prevent interference of aid distribution related to violence in Darfur.
513:
new spirit of cooperation, the
Security Council established larger and more complex UN peacekeeping missions. Furthermore, peacekeeping came to involve more and more non-military elements that ensured the proper operation of civic functions, such as elections. The UN
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in 1957 for his work in establishing UN peacekeeping operations. UNEF was the first official armed peacekeeping operation modeled on
Pearson's ideas. Since 1956, most UN peacekeeping forces, including those called "observer" missions, have been armed.
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and because the UN mission was not a full peacekeeping force. It included only two observers at any time and left the peacekeeping to another international organization. It was the first time the UN operated in this manner with a regional bloc.
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The Middle East, where combatants were generally not firmly aligned with the superpowers, who mainly sought stability in the crucial oil-producing region, was the most visible location of UN peacekeeping during the Cold War. In 1958,
142:), as it was named, continues to monitor the situation and has provided observers for a number of conflicts in the region since then. In 1949, observers were deployed to the border of India and Pakistan in a similar mission after the
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477:, the Soviet Union drastically decreased its military and economic support for a number of "proxy" civil wars around the globe. It also withdrew its support from satellite states and one UN peacekeeping mission,
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UN peacekeepers have also been accused of sexual abuse including child rape, gang rape, and soliciting prostitutes during peacekeeping missions in the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan, Burundi, and CĂ´te d'Ivoire.
809:
Despite the cessation of international, Cold-War inspired aid, civil wars continued in many regions and the UN attempted to bring peace. Several conflicts were the cause of multiple peace-keeping missions.
596:. The guerrilla movements in all five countries, variously communist and anti-communist, gave way to UN-brokered peace agreements in the 1990s. In El Salvador, a further internal UN peacekeeping force, (
3023:
1078:, and presented evidence, albeit circumstantial, that international activism—mostly spearheaded by the UN—has been the main cause of the decline in armed conflict since the end of the Cold War.
848:(ECOWAS), which had intervened militarily at the request of the Liberian government, and oversee the maintenance of the peace agreement in the nation. However, two rebel groups instigated the
2993:
1311:
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961:, though the country remains divided. Following ceasefire agreements ending the Burundi Civil War, ONUB was authorized in 2004 to oversee the implementation of the Arusha Peace Accords.
3003:
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In 1991, the political situation created by the collapse of the USSR allowed the first explicitly-authorized operation of collective self-defense since the Korean War: expelling
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for the first time took over control of the entire state on behalf of the UN and organized and ran an election before turning control over to the elected government. In
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have been reluctant to fully enforce them in the face of deteriorating conditions. Disagreements in the
Security Council are seen as having failed to prevent the 1994
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481:, was designed to oversee the Pakistan–Afghanistan border and the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan as the USSR began to refocus domestically. In 1991, the
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306:, was also dispatched, in 1965 to the areas of the India-Pakistan border that were not being monitored by the earlier mission, UNMOGIP, after a ceasefire in the
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321:), 1965–1966, the UN authorized an observer mission in a country where ideological factions were facing off. However, the mission was only initiated after the
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1961:
UN peacekeeping proposal: The presentation of the
Eurocorps-Foreign Legion concept and its Single European Regiment at the European Parliament in June 2003
150:). They also continue to monitor the border. In 1950, the UN faced one of its greatest early challenges when North Korea invaded South Korea, starting the
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training of a new national police and the running of elections. The mission was extended after successful elections to help ensure further stability. In
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134:. The mission was officially authorized on May 29, 1948. This date is used as a memorial day to all the UN peacekeepers who have died known as the
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to supervise the withdrawal of invading forces. United
Nations Emergency Force as a peacekeeping force was initially suggested as a concept by
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was authorized to ensure that there was no illegal infiltration of personnel or supply of arms across the Lebanese borders, mainly from the
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37:
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both were occasions of widespread atrocities and ethnic violence. Eight UN peacekeeping missions have been sent to the former Yugoslavia,
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In response to criticism, including reports of sexual abuse by peacekeepers, the UN has taken steps toward reforming its operations. The
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was set up to establish control and administer the territory until independence, after which an assistance mission was established,
417:. Throughout the 1970s, the UN also authorized several peacekeeping missions to attempt to calm the Arab–Israeli conflict, in Suez (
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1992:
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The UN has also drawn criticism for perceived failures. In some cases, the Security Council has failed to pass resolutions or the
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2012:
1089:. UN and international inaction has also been cited for failing to intervene and provide sufficient humanitarian aid during the
780:
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UN Peacekeepers have also been used to oversee independence movements and the establishment of new states. Beginning in 1989,
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was dispatched to oversee the implementation of the ceasefire agreement and continues to assist in national security reform.
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from Belgian control. It stayed on until 1964 to help maintain stability and prevent the breakup of the country during the
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oversaw the restriction of cross-border aid by any one country to insurgencies in any other. Five nations were involved:
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A number of missions were designed to end civil wars in which competing sides had been sponsored by Cold War players. In
93:
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between the two countries. Two other inter-state conflicts have been the cause for UN peacekeeping since. In 1994, the
325:
in a civil war between leftist and conservative factions. The US had consolidated its hold and invited a force of the
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256:
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329:(dominated by US troops) to keep the peace. The mission was approved mainly because the Americans presented it as
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1957:
includes history, news, and links to other related UN sites. (English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish)
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UN Peacekeeping Operations: Principles and Guidelines PDF pbpu.unlb.org/PBPS/Library/Capstone_Doctrine_ENG.pdf
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General Assembly Resolution 1000 (ES-I)UN Doc A/RES/1000 (ES-I) of 5 November 1956 Establishment of the UNEF
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1985:
1742:
1082:
155:
124:
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There was one exception to the rule. In the Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the
130:
The first UN peacekeeping mission was a team of observers deployed to the Middle East in 1948, during the
2430:
2249:
434:
33:
2589:
1254:"Resolution 50 (1948) /: [adopted by the Security Council at its 310th meeting], of 29 May 1948"
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127:) and the UK (British Element Trieste Force) in the northern zone and Yugoslavia in the southern zone.
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1218:
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131:
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29:
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documented a decline in the number of wars, genocides and human rights abuses since the end of the
837:
747:
The 1990s also saw the UN refocus its attention on genocide and ethnic cleansing. The Civil War in
636:
219:
1853:
3195:
1978:
1372:
958:
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223:
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around the globe, 12 of which continue today. The peacekeeping force as a whole received the
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1517:"The Massacre of Refugees in Congo: A Case of UN Peacekeeping Failure and International Law"
366:
maintained law and order while the territory was transferred from Dutch colonial control to
3499:
3463:
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3410:
3141:
2390:
1738:"108 Sri Lankan peacekeepers in Haiti to be repatriated after claims they paid prostitutes"
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International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
997:
and the election of a new government. In 1991, a ceasefire and referendum were planned by
879:, were organized with the goal of reforming, training, and assisting the police through a
8:
3200:
1094:
1050:
1005:. Disagreements prevented the referendum, but the ceasefire continues to be monitored by
864:
441:, to supervise the withdrawal of troops to the internationally recognized border between
274:
2016:
1757:
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1936:
1603:
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fail to bring peace and stability, though they did mitigate the effects of the famine.
314:
107:(1934–35) may be "the first true example of an international peace observation force".
1360:
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released a report critical of UN Peacekeeping anti-corruption guidance and oversight.
1105:, Kashmir dispute and continuing failure to prevent genocide or provide assistance in
123:. The UN also authorized two nations to station troops in the Free Territory, the US (
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was similarly designed to oversee the end of the conflict between the anti-Communist
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into 15 independent states. Conflicts broke out in two former Soviet Republics, the
310:. Neither of these disputes were seen to have Cold War or ideological implications.
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1908:
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942:
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1847:"Corruption & Peacekeeping: Strengthening Peacekeeping and the United Nations"
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76:
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1708:
1315:
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1101:, failing to implement provisions of Security Council resolutions related to the
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110:
Before any official peacekeeping mission, the UN played an important role in the
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2001:
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1490:"Preventing Genocide How the Early Use of Force Might Have Succeeded in Rwanda"
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to that cause was seen as a brilliant political move. Pearson was awarded the
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1402:"United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP)"
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from a strip of contested territory in accordance with the decision of the
414:
355:
154:. The Soviet Union was, at the time, boycotting the UN in protest over the
48:
735:(UNMEE) was established to monitor the cessation of hostilities after the
691:
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3308:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
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The UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, begun in 1964, attempted to end the
170:
21:
1607:
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1940:
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in 1999, followed the ECOMOG-led restoration of the government after a
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was created in 1992 to support the increased demand for such missions.
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1954:
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was authorized in 1996 to verify the ceasefire there between leftist
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25:
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466:
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55:, the authorization is generally considered to lie in (or between)
437:. In the 1980s only one new mission was authorized in the region,
3303:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
1970:
1098:
1049:(IAGS) examine an exhumed mass grave of victims of the July 1995
1022:
1006:
998:
990:
973:
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814:
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147:
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Bonnart, Frederick; Tribune, International Herald (1997-01-22).
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in 1991, followed by internal violence, was the impetus for the
600:), was authorized to verify the ceasefire between the socialist
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UN Soldiers in Eritrea as part of UNMEE. Photo by Dawit Rezene
68:
between 1991 and 1994 than in the previous 45 years combined.
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1671:"Opinion | It's Time for a Standing UN Rapid Reaction Force"
957:
was dispatched to enforce a 2004 peace agreement ending the
844:
in September 1993 to assist and supervise the troops of the
711:. Following the cessation of hostilities, the UN authorized
700:
609:
601:
541:
501:, which were eventually policed by UN peacekeeping forces,
446:
442:
378:
363:
347:
291:
1852:. Transparency International. October 2013. Archived from
1417:"The UN's Role in Nation Building: From the Congo to Iraq"
1387:"United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (Unsf)"
1129:
906:
and the Sudanese government. Since then, rebel groups in
1820:"Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations"
1514:
473:
With the decline of the Soviet Union and the advent of
887:
saw the ouster of the president and the UN authorized
536:) aimed to end fighting between rebel, anti-Communist
1880:"Peacekeeping by U.N. Faces New Scrutiny on 2 Fronts"
1093:, the failure of UN peacekeepers to prevent the 1995
20:
efforts began in 1948. Its first activity was in the
3261:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
3211:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1644:"Annan acknowledges UN failure to protect in Darfur"
1142:
1017:. Violence by anti-independence forces followed and
1013:, in 1999, a referendum voted for independence from
980:
138:. The group, the UN Truce Supervision Organization (
1585:
1481:
1361:
http://www.un.org/events/peacekeeping60/1950s.shtml
1097:, failure to provide effective humanitarian aid in
346:programs during the Cold War. In 1960, the UN sent
3318:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
1586:Clark, Jeffery (1992–1993). "Debacle in Somalia".
1328:
3454:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1438:
401:. A few years later, the Yemen Observer Mission (
290:on the island and prevent wider conflict between
3540:
1176:International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers
1171:Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions
941:was designed to monitor the ceasefire after the
136:International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers
3428:World Federation of United Nations Associations
2923:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
1877:
1458:
469:on MINUGUA peacekeeping duty in Guatemala, 1998
1913:"The Evolution of United Nations Peacekeeping"
1871:
1812:
1806:"UN staff accused of raping children in Sudan"
1777:"UN staff accused of raping children in Sudan"
1668:
1464:
1296:"International Day of UN Peacekeepers, 29 May"
1252:Year: 1948), UN Security Council (3rd (1964).
1047:International Association of Genocide Scholars
713:United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission
1986:
1758:"Aid workers in Liberia accused of sex abuse"
1508:
604:and the government. Similarly, in Guatemala,
350:to help facilitate the decolonization of the
3323:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
1966:A historical perspective of UN peace-keeping
1839:
1414:
1399:
1326:
1161:List of United Nations peacekeeping missions
1033:, which continues to monitor the situation.
686:
288:conflict between the ethnic Greeks and Turks
181:diplomat and future Canadian Prime Minister
1701:
1487:
1251:
654:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
237:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3416:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
3328:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
1993:
1979:
1774:
1557:
867:(UNMIH). In 1996 and 1997 three missions,
721:United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group
281:
1930:
846:Economic Community of West African States
674:Learn how and when to remove this message
257:Learn how and when to remove this message
2845:Conference on International Organization
1907:
1775:Holt, Kate; Hughes, Sarah (2007-01-04).
1624:. Human Rights Watch. September 17, 2004
1280:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1040:
963:
912:clashed with government-sponsored forces
797:
690:
460:
409:with sides supported by regional rivals
405:), authorized in 1963, attempted to end
377:
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75:
2760:Office international d'hygiène publique
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1579:
1467:"The world reflects on Rwanda genocide"
904:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement
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2555:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
1614:
1320:
456:
3469:UN television film series (1964–1966)
3221:International Narcotics Control Board
3152:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
2940:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
2911:Convention on the Rights of the Child
2889:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1974:
1524:The Journal of Modern African Studies
1515:Emizet, Kisangani N. F. (June 2000).
805:MINUSTAH soldier with a Haitian girl.
515:Department of Peacekeeping Operations
3293:United Nations Postal Administration
2928:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
2647:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1704:"U.N. Sexual Abuse Alleged in Congo"
1622:"Darfur Resolution Historic Failure"
1232:
652:adding citations to reliable sources
619:
421:) in 1973 and in the Golan Heights (
235:adding citations to reliable sources
202:
2696:Permanent representatives to the UN
2585:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
1878:Gladstone, Rick (October 9, 2013).
1724:"UN troops face child abuse claims"
902:to enforce a ceasefire between the
723:(UNASOG) oversaw the withdrawal of
13:
3505:Withdrawal from the United Nations
2691:Security Council Permanent members
2000:
1901:
1400:Baczko, Adam; Dorronsoro, Gilles.
1359:1950s United Nations Peacekeeping
733:UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea
14:
3565:
3490:United Nations in popular culture
3174:Expulsion from the United Nations
3119:General Assembly President (2016)
1948:
981:Independence facilitation efforts
840:resulted in the authorization of
612:and the conservative government.
337:
278:enmeshed in the global struggle.
169:In 1956, the UN responded to the
3522:
1441:"The Human Security Report 2005"
1242:(Polity Press, 2008), pp. 34–36.
1145:
945:—it continues to operate due to
936:Democratic Republic of the Congo
624:
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385:in 1976 wearing the distinctive
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3078:International Court of Justice
2627:Sport for Development and Peace
1830:
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1492:. Wilson Center. Archived from
1432:
1408:
1393:
1379:
1181:Attacks on humanitarian workers
327:Organization of American States
105:International Force in the Saar
2755:Permanent Court of Arbitration
2750:International Peace Conference
2117:International Court of Justice
1365:
1353:
1302:
1288:
1245:
1211:
1193:
729:International Court of Justice
552:and the leftist government in
342:The UN also assisted with two
175:United Nations Emergency Force
71:
36:have taken part in a total of
1:
3549:History of the United Nations
3288:Sustainable Development Goals
2815:Declaration by United Nations
2740:International Telegraph Union
1565:"Srebrenica Report Blames UN"
1465:Harsch, Ernest (April 2004).
1186:
1166:History of the United Nations
1036:
898:, the UN initially sponsored
742:
453:between those two countries.
3216:International Criminal Court
2652:UN organizations by location
1762:International Herald Tribune
1743:International Herald Tribune
1219:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1957"
1103:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
1029:led to the establishment of
465:Alpine Helicopters contract
125:Trieste United States Troops
24:to observe and maintain the
7:
3554:United Nations peacekeeping
3350:Security Council veto power
2657:Sexual Violence in Conflict
2580:Economic and Social Affairs
2151:Economic and Social Council
1335:. Penguin Canada. pp.
1205:United Nations Peacekeeping
1138:
881:period of political turmoil
487:Georgian–Abkhazian conflict
435:1978 South Lebanon conflict
302:. A second observer force,
198:
112:conflict concerning Trieste
34:United Nations peacekeepers
18:United Nations Peacekeeping
10:
3570:
3401:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea
3226:International Day of Peace
2708:General Assembly Observers
2031:General Assembly President
1702:Colum Lynch (2004-12-16).
1488:Feil, Scott (April 1998).
1133:Transparency International
993:oversaw the withdrawal of
891:to stabilize the country.
787:as well as two to Rwanda,
540:and the ruling, Communist
323:US intervened unilaterally
308:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
164:People's Republic of China
144:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
94:Nobel Peace Prize laureate
3518:
3441:
3132:
3054:
2957:
2945:World Heritage Convention
2854:
2833:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
2795:
2732:
2723:
2669:
2543:General Assembly Building
2516:
2399:
2171:
2070:
2052:
2043:
2008:
1536:10.1017/s0022278x0000330x
1053:, outside the village of
850:Second Liberian Civil War
425:) in 1974 concluding the
3251:Military Staff Committee
2590:Dag Hammarskjöld Library
2093:Deputy Secretary-General
2022:Deputy Secretary-General
1783:. London. Archived from
1001:regarding the region of
949:in parts of the DRC. In
838:First Liberian Civil War
715:(UNIKOM) to monitor the
433:) in 1978 following the
3422:Woodrow Wilson Memorial
3384:UN International School
3379:UN Federal Credit Union
3360:Security Council reform
3196:Four Nations Initiative
3124:Security Council (2016)
2967:Security Council vetoes
2098:Under-Secretary-General
1726:. BBC News. 2006-11-30.
1439:Human Security Centre.
968:Land Rovers for use by
687:International conflicts
282:International conflicts
3372:Security Council mural
3338:Millennium Declaration
3283:SDG Publishers Compact
2745:Universal Postal Union
1269:Cite journal requires
1062:
1059:Bosnia and Herzegovina
977:
806:
737:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
696:
470:
389:
273:, the tensions on the
158:being occupied by the
96:
53:United Nations Charter
51:" is not found in the
3510:Women in peacekeeping
3169:Drug control treaties
1918:International Affairs
1327:Andrew Cohen (2008).
1113:of future genocides.
1072:Human Security Report
1044:
967:
801:
753:breakup of Yugoslavia
694:
464:
381:
374:Middle East conflicts
188:Canadian peacekeepers
132:1948 Arab–Israeli War
79:
30:1948 Arab–Israeli War
3464:United Nations Radio
3459:United Nations Medal
3411:University for Peace
3142:Bretton Woods system
2877:governed territories
2622:Developing Countries
2533:Secretariat Building
2402:Specialized agencies
1955:UN peacekeeping home
1027:Violence during 2006
648:improve this section
558:Mozambican Civil War
399:United Arab Republic
383:Canadian peacekeeper
231:improve this section
3236:International Years
3201:Genocide Convention
2637:Outer Space Affairs
2632:Disarmament Affairs
2597:Safety and Security
2538:Conference Building
2518:Secretariat offices
2163:Trusteeship Council
1567:. BBC. Nov 16, 1999
1314:19 May 2008 at the
1095:Srebrenica massacre
1051:Srebrenica massacre
947:continuing violence
885:coup d'Ă©tat in 2004
865:UN Mission in Haiti
457:End of the Cold War
362:from 1962 to 1963,
275:UN Security Council
81:14th Prime Minister
3256:Official languages
2803:London Declaration
2612:Internal Oversight
2602:Palestinian Rights
2174:Funds, programmes,
1884:The New York Times
1808:. BBC. 2007-05-28.
1675:The New York Times
1650:. December 9, 2006
1415:RAND Corporation.
1221:. Nobel Foundation
1063:
978:
972:being unloaded in
934:. In 1999, in the
807:
697:
471:
451:eight years of war
407:civil war in Yemen
390:
315:Dominican Republic
97:
3536:
3535:
3367:UN Art Collection
3343:Millennium Summit
3298:UN Block By Block
3278:Ralph Bunche Park
3246:UN laissez-passer
3206:UN Global Compact
3163:Delivering as One
3062:Secretary-General
2953:
2952:
2933:Indigenous Caucus
2827:Tehran Conference
2821:Moscow Conference
2796:Preparatory years
2765:League of Nations
2665:
2664:
2565:Palace of Nations
2267:UNEP/GRID-Arendal
2083:Secretary-General
2026:Amina J. Mohammed
2013:Secretary-General
1909:Goulding, Marrack
1346:978-0-14-317269-7
1331:Lester B. Pearson
1045:Delegates of the
959:Ivorian Civil War
684:
683:
676:
564:UNAMIC, and then
267:
266:
259:
192:Nobel Peace Prize
160:Republic of China
101:League of Nations
90:Lester B. Pearson
47:Though the term "
42:Nobel Peace Prize
3561:
3529:World portal
3527:
3526:
3433:Biopiracy treaty
3019:Nagorno-Karabakh
2989:Security Council
2972:General Assembly
2899:Human Rights Day
2839:Yalta Conference
2809:Atlantic Charter
2730:
2729:
2686:Founding members
2607:Peace Operations
2491:World Bank Group
2185:Culture of Peace
2176:and other bodies
2129:Security Council
2105:General Assembly
2071:Principal organs
2050:
2049:
2017:AntĂłnio Guterres
1995:
1988:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1944:
1934:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1859:on March 4, 2016
1858:
1851:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1796:
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1618:
1612:
1611:
1600:10.2307/20045500
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1546:. Archived from
1521:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1443:. Archived from
1436:
1430:
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1397:
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1257:
1249:
1243:
1240:Peace Operations
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1197:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1091:Second Congo War
1087:Rwandan genocide
1067:RAND Corporation
943:Second Congo War
819:Somali Civil War
813:The collapse of
679:
672:
668:
665:
659:
628:
620:
262:
255:
251:
248:
242:
211:
203:
162:rather than the
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3562:
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3559:
3558:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3521:
3514:
3437:
3128:
3050:
2949:
2850:
2791:
2733:Preceding years
2719:
2672:
2661:
2520:and departments
2519:
2512:
2404:
2395:
2178:
2175:
2167:
2066:
2039:
2004:
1999:
1951:
1932:10.2307/2622309
1904:
1902:Further reading
1899:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1876:
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1717:
1709:Washington Post
1700:
1696:
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1667:
1663:
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1642:
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1627:
1625:
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1615:
1588:Foreign Affairs
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1550:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1496:on July 6, 2010
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1316:Wayback Machine
1307:
1303:
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1246:
1238:Paul F. Diehl,
1237:
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1224:
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1217:
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1212:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1153:Politics portal
1151:
1144:
1141:
1039:
983:
914:, resulting in
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689:
680:
669:
663:
660:
645:
629:
618:
570:Central America
459:
429:, and Lebanon (
376:
360:West New Guinea
340:
284:
269:Throughout the
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88:
74:
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2713:European Union
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2599:
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2562:
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2550:Envoy on Youth
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2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2035:Dennis Francis
2028:
2019:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:United Nations
1998:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1949:External links
1947:
1946:
1945:
1925:(3): 451–464.
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1870:
1838:
1829:
1824:United Nations
1811:
1797:
1767:
1749:
1729:
1715:
1694:
1661:
1635:
1613:
1594:(1): 109–123.
1578:
1556:
1553:on 2011-08-26.
1530:(2): 163–202.
1507:
1480:
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1287:
1271:|journal=
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1122:Brahimi Report
1038:
1035:
1003:Western Sahara
982:
979:
744:
741:
688:
685:
682:
681:
632:
630:
623:
617:
614:
509:respectively.
483:USSR dissolved
458:
455:
427:Yom Kippur War
387:UN blue helmet
375:
372:
344:decolonization
339:
338:Decolonization
336:
283:
280:
265:
264:
215:
213:
206:
200:
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183:Lester Pearson
73:
70:
32:. Since then,
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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3007:
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2697:
2694:
2692:
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2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
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2673:and observers
2668:
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2648:
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2643:
2640:
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2635:
2633:
2630:
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2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Legal Affairs
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
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2598:
2595:
2591:
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2011:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1984:
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1973:
1967:
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1962:
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1933:
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1911:(July 1993).
1910:
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1787:on 2007-01-04
1786:
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1764:. 2006-05-08.
1763:
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1746:. 2007-11-02.
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1447:on 2009-07-28
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1201:"Our history"
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1126:
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851:
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657:
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638:
633:This section
631:
627:
622:
621:
616:Post Cold War
613:
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607:
603:
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595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:, ending the
555:
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535:
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527:
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510:
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500:
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488:
484:
480:
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449:after almost
448:
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440:
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400:
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384:
380:
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361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
335:
332:
331:fait accompli
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
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293:
289:
279:
276:
272:
261:
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250:
240:
236:
232:
226:
225:
221:
216:This section
214:
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205:
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196:
193:
189:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
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133:
128:
126:
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118:
113:
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106:
102:
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50:
45:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
3520:
3482:
3474:
3420:
3266:Peacekeeping
3241:Interpreters
3161:
2862:Peacekeeping
2861:
2780:organization
2681:Full members
2642:Partnerships
2528:Headquarters
2250:peacekeeping
1922:
1916:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1854:the original
1841:
1832:
1814:
1800:
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1761:
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1732:
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1647:
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1616:
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1559:
1548:the original
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1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1460:
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1445:the original
1434:
1423:. Retrieved
1410:
1395:
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1367:
1355:
1330:
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1262:cite journal
1247:
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1234:
1223:. Retrieved
1213:
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1115:
1111:
1080:
1064:
1061:. July 2007.
995:South Africa
984:
924:Sierra Leone
920:
893:
858:
835:
821:in 1991 saw
812:
808:
746:
698:
670:
661:
646:Please help
634:
519:
511:
472:
415:Saudi Arabia
391:
356:Congo Crisis
341:
330:
312:
285:
268:
253:
244:
229:Please help
217:
168:
156:Chinese seat
129:
109:
103:-controlled
98:
49:peacekeeping
46:
17:
15:
3495:UNICEF club
3189:Honour Flag
3024:North Korea
2959:Resolutions
2906:Enlargement
2078:Secretariat
1889:October 29,
1863:October 29,
1648:Sudan Times
1473:November 3,
731:. In 2000,
664:August 2020
578:El Salvador
475:perestroika
247:August 2020
171:Suez Crisis
72:Early years
38:72 missions
28:during the
22:Middle East
3543:Categories
3483:Ex Tempore
3475:UN Special
3396:UN Mandate
2855:Activities
2461:UN Tourism
2284:UN-HABITAT
2262:OzonAction
2087:selections
1791:2010-05-04
1688:2023-02-22
1451:2007-02-08
1425:2008-12-30
1225:2010-04-12
1187:References
1037:Assessment
1011:East Timor
926:, UNOMSIL/
859:A coup in
743:Civil Wars
586:Costa Rica
554:Mozambique
499:Tajikistan
152:Korean War
121:Yugoslavia
3355:UN reform
3157:Criticism
3055:Elections
3029:Palestine
2916:committee
2324:UN-Oceans
2272:UNEP-WCMC
2156:President
2144:President
2134:Elections
2110:President
2045:UN System
1781:Telegraph
1683:0362-4331
1544:154818651
1015:Indonesia
831:UNOSOM II
817:into the
803:Brazilian
635:does not
590:Nicaragua
582:Guatemala
495:civil war
368:Indonesia
218:does not
173:with the
61:Chapter 7
57:Chapter 6
44:in 1988.
26:ceasefire
3500:Model UN
3485:magazine
3477:magazine
3406:UN Sacco
2894:drafting
2872:timeline
2867:missions
2770:archives
2386:UN Women
2374:UNU-CRIS
2225:UNCITRAL
2062:Preamble
1608:20045500
1312:Archived
1139:See also
1076:Cold War
1055:PotoÄŤari
889:MINUSTAH
823:UNOSOM I
765:UNPREDEP
757:UNPROFOR
751:and the
709:Gulf War
594:Honduras
562:Cambodia
526:UNAVEM I
467:Bell 212
294:members
271:Cold War
199:Cold War
179:Canadian
65:Cold War
3449:Outline
3134:Related
3014:Lebanon
2785:members
2775:charter
2725:History
2671:Members
2570:Nairobi
2205:MINURSO
2139:Members
2122:Statute
2054:Charter
1941:2622309
1654:May 29,
1628:May 29,
1571:May 29,
1500:May 29,
1337:116–125
1099:Somalia
1065:A 2005
1023:UNMISET
1007:MINURSO
999:Morocco
991:Namibia
974:Namibia
928:UNAMSIL
877:MIPONUH
815:Somalia
707:in the
656:removed
641:sources
606:MINUGUA
491:Georgia
479:UNGOMAP
439:UNIIMOG
419:UNEF II
239:removed
224:sources
148:UNMOGIP
3333:UN Day
3271:Canada
3147:CCISUA
3009:Israel
2994:Cyprus
2847:(1945)
2841:(1945)
2835:(1944)
2829:(1943)
2823:(1943)
2817:(1942)
2811:(1941)
2805:(1941)
2575:Vienna
2560:Geneva
2451:UNESCO
2369:UNU-OP
2344:UNRISD
2339:UNOSAT
2319:UNITAR
2314:UNIDIR
2309:UNICRI
2304:UNICEF
2220:UNCTAD
2210:UNAIDS
1939:
1681:
1606:
1542:
1373:"ONUC"
1343:
1107:Darfur
1019:UNTAET
916:UNAMID
908:Darfur
875:, and
873:UNTMIH
869:UNSMIH
842:UNOMIL
829:, and
827:UNITAF
793:UNOMUR
789:UNAMIR
783:, and
773:UNTAES
769:UNMIBH
749:Rwanda
705:Kuwait
598:ONUSAL
592:, and
550:RENAMO
546:ONUMOZ
522:Angola
503:UNOMIG
493:and a
431:UNIFIL
395:UNOGIL
319:DOMREP
304:UNIPOM
300:Greece
296:Turkey
186:1,000
85:Canada
3442:Other
3389:Hanoi
3179:FICSA
3044:Yemen
3034:Syria
2882:UNPOL
2456:UNIDO
2359:UNSSC
2354:UNSDG
2349:UNRWA
2334:UNOPS
2329:UNODC
2299:UNHRC
2294:UNHCR
2289:OHCHR
2279:UNFPA
2245:UNDPO
2235:UNDGC
2230:UNCDF
1937:JSTOR
1857:(PDF)
1850:(PDF)
1604:JSTOR
1551:(PDF)
1540:S2CID
1520:(PDF)
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1031:UNMIT
1009:. In
987:UNTAG
970:UNTAG
955:UNOCI
939:MONUC
910:have
900:UNMIS
896:Sudan
861:Haiti
854:UNMIL
785:UNMIK
781:UNPSG
777:UNMOP
761:UNCRO
725:Libya
703:from
574:ONUCA
566:UNTAC
560:. In
538:UNITA
507:UNMOT
423:UNDOF
411:Egypt
403:UNYOM
358:. In
352:Congo
140:UNTSO
117:Italy
3184:Flag
3112:2011
3107:2014
3102:2017
3097:2020
3092:2021
3087:2022
3082:2023
3072:2016
3067:2021
3004:Iraq
2999:Iran
2982:67th
2977:66th
2701:list
2496:IBRD
2481:WIPO
2471:WFEO
2421:IFAD
2416:ICAO
2257:UNEP
2240:UNDP
2215:SCSL
2200:IAEA
2195:IPCC
1891:2013
1865:2013
1679:ISSN
1656:2011
1630:2011
1573:2011
1502:2011
1475:2022
1469:. UN
1341:ISBN
1282:link
1275:help
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883:. A
836:The
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