228:
558:
1112:
126:
939:
4627:
2457:
415:
2468:
1495:
653:
2445:
65:
2643:
1267:) were re-applied with great harshness after this war, as the Protestant elite wanted to ensure that the Irish Catholic landed classes would not be in a position to repeat their rebellions of the 17th century. In fact, many new Penal Laws were introduced, which put restrictions on Catholics inheriting property. As a result of these laws, Catholic landownership fell from around 14% in 1691 to around 5% in the course of the next century.
24:
227:
2478:
1066:. In addition, Catholics were barred from the Irish Parliament altogether, forbidden to live in towns and from marrying Protestants (although not all of these laws were strictly enforced). It has been calculated that up to a third of Ireland's population (4-600,000 people) died in these wars, either in fighting, or in the accompanying famine and plague. The Cromwellian conquest therefore left
1096:). Most Catholics, however were disappointed that the Cromwellian land confiscations were, on the whole, allowed to stand. Protestants, on the other hand, felt that Irish Catholics had been treated far too leniently by Charles, and deserved to be punished for their massacres of Protestant civilians in 1641. In 1678, there was another brief burst of anti-Catholic repression during the
990:, provoked an outbreak of anarchic violence around the country, after which it was joined by most Irish Catholic lords and their followers. In some respects, the rebellion was the end product of the long term alienation of Irish Catholics with English policies in Ireland. However, it was sparked off by the fear of impending civil war in the British Isles as a whole.
910:, in distinction to the new Protestant British settlers and the officially Protestant British government of Ireland. During the decades in between the end of the Elizabethan wars of conquest in 1603 and the outbreak of rebellion in 1641, Irish Catholics felt themselves to be increasingly threatened by and discriminated against by the English government of Ireland.
914:
the threat posed to them by the extension of the
Plantations. The Protestant settler-dominated Government of Ireland tried to confiscate more land from the native landowners by questioning their medieval land titles and as punishment for non-attendance at Protestant services. In response, Irish Catholics appealed directly to the King, first to James I and then
926:, Charles's representative in Ireland, was proposing further widespread confiscations of native land to break the power of the Irish Catholic upper classes. It is likely that this would eventually have provoked armed resistance from Irish Catholics at some point, but the actual rebellion was sparked by a political crisis in Scotland and England that led to
922:. On several occasions, the Monarchs appeared to have reached an agreement with them, granting their demands in return for raising taxes. However, Irish Catholics were disappointed when, on paying the increased levies, the King postponed the implementation of their demands. What was more, by the late 1630s,
649:". They either negotiated or fought with the autonomous Irish Kings and lords. This took nearly a century to achieve, and the re-conquest was accompanied by a great deal of bloodshed, as it led to the assimilation – sometimes abolition – of lordships that had been independent for several hundred years.
741:
failed to take hold among the Irish is an enduring question. One of several answers lies in the fact that brutal methods were used by crown authority to pacify the country and exploit its resources, which heightened resentment of
English rule. Additionally, a determined proselytising campaign carried
1274:
were also barred from holding public office, bearing arms and entering certain professions. This was in part due to the distrust the mostly
English Anglican establishment had for the mostly Scottish Presbyterian community, which by now had become a majority in Ulster. By the end of the 17th century,
913:
Most of the Irish upper classes, however, were not ideologically opposed to the sovereignty of the King of
England over Ireland, but wanted to be full subjects of the triple Stuart monarchy and maintain their pre-eminent position in Irish society. This was prevented by their religious dissidence and
710:
King, James I, in 1603. After this point, the
English authorities in Dublin established real control over Ireland for the first time, bringing a centralised form of justice to the entire island, and successfully disarmed the various lordships, both Irish and Old English. O'Neill, O'Donnell and their
534:
broke again with Rome in 1559. These confusing changes determined their relationship with the
British state for the next four hundred years, as the Reformation coincided with a determined effort on behalf of the English state to re-conquer and colonise Ireland thereafter. The religious schism meant
604:
went into open rebellion against the crown. Henry VIII put down this rebellion and then set about to pacify
Ireland and bring it all under English government control, perhaps to prevent it from becoming a base for foreign invasions of England (a concern that was to be sustained for another 400 or
947:
The fifty years from 1641 to 1691 saw two catastrophic periods of civil war in
Ireland 1641–53 and 1689–91, which killed hundreds of thousands of people and left others in permanent exile. The wars, which pitted Irish Catholics against British forces and Protestant settlers, ended in the almost
870:
In the early years of the 17th century, it looked possible for a time that, because of immigration of
English and Scottish settlers, Ireland could be peacefully integrated into British society. However, this was prevented by the continued discrimination by the English authorities against Irish
680:
dynasty resisted the imposition of an
English governor into the province. The second of these rebellions was put down by means of a forced famine, which may have killed up to a third of Munster's population. The most serious threat to English rule in Ireland came during the
1169:, with the help of a Dutch invasion force. Irish Catholics backed James to try to reverse the Penal Laws and land confiscations, whereas Irish and British Protestants supported William to preserve their dominance in the country. Richard Talbot, the Lord Deputy, raised a
644:
With the institutions of government in place, the next step was to extend the control of the English Kingdom of Ireland over all of its claimed territory. Henry VIII's officials were tasked with extending the rule of this new Kingdom throughout Ireland by the policy of
1208:
before retreating into winter quarters. The following year William III landed at Carrickfergus with a multi-national force of reinforcements, including British, Dutch and Danish troops. The two Kings fought for the English, Scottish and Irish thrones in the
898:, and other walled towns being fortified against the rural Gaelic clans. However, by the 17th century, the cultural divide between these groups, especially at elite social levels, was declining. For example, most Old English lords not only spoke the
1016:
and the English Royalists, though they did not sign a formal treaty with them until 1649. Had the Royalists won the English Civil War, the result could have been an autonomous Catholic ruled Ireland. However, the Royalists were defeated by the
815:. The principal victims of these laws were Roman Catholics and, from the late 17th century on, adherents of Presbyterianism. From 1607, Catholics were barred from public office and from serving in the army. In 1615, the constituencies of the
1217:
in 1690, where James's forces were defeated. Although not militarily decisive, this battle is remembered as a great Williamite victory because James fled Ireland for France after the battle, effectively conceding defeat to William.
1142:, Irish Catholics briefly looked like recovering their pre-eminent position in Irish society. James repealed much of the anti-Catholic legislation, allowed Catholics into the Irish Parliament and the Army and appointed a Catholic,
942:
After Irish Catholic rebellion and civil war, Oliver Cromwell, on behalf of the English Commonwealth, re-conquered Ireland between 1649 and 1651. Under his government, landownership in Ireland passed overwhelmingly to Protestant
637:, who was nominated by the King of England to govern Ireland. The Parliament met only when called by the Lord Deputy, when he wanted to pass new laws or raise new taxes. The Lord Deputy's permanent advisors were the Irish
1246:. The war, while not as destructive as that of the 1640s and 1650s, was nevertheless a shattering defeat for the old Irish Catholic landed classes, who never recovered their former position in Irish society.
697:
rebelled against English government. This war developed into a nationwide revolt where O'Neill and O'Donnell successfully obtained military aid from Spain, which was then in conflict with England during the
628:
before any draft bills might be introduced to the Parliament. After 1541, Henry VIII admitted native Irish lords into both houses and recognised their land titles, in return for their submission to him as
608:
Ireland was changed from a lordship to a full Kingdom under Henry VIII. From the period of the original lordship in the 12th century onwards, Ireland had retained its own bicameral
1004:
in 1642, no English troops were available to put down the uprising and the rebels were left in control of most of Ireland. The Catholic majority briefly ruled the country as
4594:
867:", literate pirates in Ireland could escape secular trial (making their prosecution much more difficult) until Irish law was brought into line with English law in 1613.
2961:
576:
There is some debate about why Henry VIII of England resolved to re-conquer Ireland completely. However, the most immediate reason was that the Fitzgerald dynasty of
2939:
3445:
754:
had been established in many countries in Catholic Europe for the training of Irish Catholic priests and the education of the Irish Catholic gentry. Finally, the
4542:
3465:
2966:
2514:
3562:
906:
and music. Intermarriage was also common. Moreover, in the wake of the Elizabethan conquest, the native population became defined by their shared religion,
37:
4547:
557:
3558:
620:. It was restricted for most of its existence in terms both of membership – Gaelic Irishmen were barred from membership – and of powers, notably by
4404:
803:
These settlers, who had a British and Protestant identity, would form the ruling class of future British administrations in Ireland. A series of
487:
to a centralised, monarchical, state-governed society, similar to those found elsewhere in Europe. The period is bounded by the dates 1536, when
3624:
843:
The difficulty in controlling the extremities of Ireland from London or Dublin early in the 17th century was demonstrated by the presence of
4576:
1708:
471:. This would eventually establish two central themes in future Irish history: subordination of the country to London-based governments and
443:
4676:
3743:
3167:
3079:
1872:
1854:
621:
316:
2949:
4590:
2507:
3511:
3389:
1052:
4671:
4651:
4409:
3045:
2471:
1882:
4581:
3605:
3394:
923:
43:
3755:
3639:
3299:
3011:
2867:
1892:
1143:
4666:
4557:
3588:
2500:
1484:
737:
The English had little success in converting either the native elite or the Irish people to the Protestant religion. Why the
2710:
1275:
Ireland's population was about 25% Protestant (including all denominations) of whom Anglicans (about 13%) formed the ruling
4459:
3842:
3728:
2903:
2759:
2481:
1067:
3797:
3710:
3667:
2886:
1887:
2914:
4562:
4326:
4229:
3723:
3634:
3409:
3212:
3172:
3160:
3143:
3071:
2973:
2849:
2651:
2152:
1741:
804:
334:
277:
272:
262:
3419:
3138:
2978:
2844:
2795:
1658:
1639:
1601:
1578:
1549:
1530:
1465:
1446:
1427:
1408:
1389:
1366:
762:
391:
257:
187:
169:
147:
107:
51:
1680:
1100:, when it was rumoured that Irish Catholics were planning another rebellion with French help. Two Catholic Bishops,
522:
moved further, breaking with Papal doctrine completely. While the English, the Welsh and, later, the Scots accepted
140:
4661:
4656:
4585:
3609:
3241:
3184:
3124:
2856:
2839:
2805:
2800:
2724:
2224:
1701:
761:
From the mid-16th and into the early 17th century, crown governments carried out a policy of colonisation known as
436:
252:
2699:
4222:
3849:
3295:
2783:
2778:
2219:
2164:
1829:
1033:
1025:
961:
686:
74:
518:
authority in 1536, was to change Ireland totally. While Henry VIII broke English Catholicism from Rome, his son
3854:
3750:
3424:
3404:
3359:
3057:
2817:
2773:
1620:
580:, who had become the effective rulers of Ireland in the 15th century, had become very unreliable allies of the
386:
85:
3832:
3541:
3455:
2923:
2827:
2822:
2582:
2540:
1197:
1138:
However, within a generation of the Restoration, Ireland was at war again. In the reign of the Catholic King
1040:
in 1649. Another policy implemented by the Cromwellian regime was the deportation of prisoners of war to the
401:
1123:, fought for James in 1689–91, but they failed to restore him to the throne of Ireland, England and Scotland
4489:
3807:
3733:
3583:
3516:
3440:
3314:
3271:
3038:
2891:
2743:
2550:
2531:
2523:
2402:
2239:
2156:
2124:
1804:
1173:
army from among Irish Catholics and seized all the strong points around the country, with the exception of
1162:
994:
356:
1674:
3827:
3200:
2790:
2601:
2160:
1694:
1292:
997:, particularly in Ulster, an event which scarred communal relations in Ireland for centuries afterwards.
429:
396:
338:
207:
1051:
As punishment for the rebellion of 1641, almost all lands owned by Irish Catholics were confiscated and
758:, which had played a major role in disseminating Protestant ideas in Europe, came to Ireland very late.
4532:
4171:
3837:
3531:
2834:
2768:
2613:
2418:
2249:
2180:
1824:
1009:
927:
503:
surrendered at Limerick, thus confirming Protestant dominance in Ireland. This is sometimes called the
633:. However, the real power in Ireland throughout this period lay not with the Parliament, but with the
4239:
4095:
3815:
3629:
3551:
3536:
3521:
3369:
3304:
3266:
3256:
3246:
3106:
2410:
1877:
1839:
1833:
1769:
1731:
1210:
1133:
548:
282:
4257:
4484:
3614:
3228:
2812:
2143:
1843:
1500:
1243:
1223:
699:
682:
570:
366:
134:
2665:
1967:
4552:
4501:
4217:
3969:
3718:
3578:
3384:
3329:
3319:
3286:
3119:
3031:
2954:
2738:
2734:
2338:
2170:
1849:
1814:
1101:
971:
832:
376:
247:
4572:
4449:
4075:
3595:
3450:
3339:
3290:
2729:
2387:
2204:
2199:
2137:
1897:
1819:
1794:
1784:
1560:
1166:
1147:
1093:
1062:
967:
957:
820:
780:
738:
728:
724:
661:
634:
613:
371:
151:
78:
2031:
4234:
4205:
3738:
2449:
2371:
2189:
2129:
1779:
1276:
1255:
1092:
made some efforts to conciliate Irish Catholics with compensation and land grants. (See also
1089:
1044:. Even worse was a scorched earth policy carried out by Parliamentarian commanders to subdue
1018:
879:
819:
were altered so that Protestants might form the majority of 108–102 in any given vote in the
816:
690:
646:
625:
609:
539:
were to be excluded from power in the new settlement unless they converted to Protestantism.
536:
1185:, arrived in Ireland in 1689 with French troops. The Siege of Derry was broken when General
788:, had settled up to 80,000 English and Scots in the north of Ireland by 1641. The so-called
4604:
4371:
4142:
4119:
3904:
3790:
3644:
3619:
3488:
3309:
3281:
2996:
2876:
2675:
2670:
2329:
2193:
2133:
1912:
1902:
1798:
1260:
1111:
1029:
1013:
983:
919:
915:
824:
785:
732:
617:
519:
381:
886:
settlers. These groups were historically antagonistic, with English settled areas such as
89:
8:
4479:
4381:
4277:
4165:
4010:
3700:
3690:
3600:
3276:
3133:
3114:
3068:
2694:
2660:
2629:
2619:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2379:
2259:
2234:
2229:
2209:
2039:
1991:
1808:
1759:
1264:
1214:
1182:
1158:
1154:
1139:
1085:
1079:
1005:
789:
743:
712:
511:
305:
242:
4306:
986:, rebelled against English and Protestant domination. The Rising, launched in Ulster by
4506:
4439:
4434:
4361:
4344:
4262:
3949:
3944:
3877:
3506:
3374:
3324:
3261:
3236:
3232:
3150:
3094:
3001:
2680:
2608:
2577:
2545:
2394:
2300:
2175:
2023:
1917:
1789:
1774:
1717:
1683:, annual academic conference focusing on Irish society in the Tudor and Stuart periods.
1590:
1570:
1235:
828:
669:
665:
566:
552:
496:
492:
460:
310:
216:
4537:
4467:
4187:
4049:
3914:
3820:
3770:
3685:
3546:
3460:
2748:
2687:
2624:
2572:
2293:
2185:
1654:
1635:
1616:
1597:
1574:
1545:
1526:
1480:
1461:
1442:
1423:
1404:
1385:
1378:
1362:
1280:
1239:
1227:
1193:
1037:
1001:
987:
918:, for full rights as subjects and toleration of their religion: a programme known as
907:
864:
812:
703:
531:
527:
475:
animosity between Catholics and Protestants. The period saw Irish society outside of
4043:
3780:
4396:
4376:
4197:
4152:
3526:
3207:
3189:
3076:
2944:
2589:
2355:
2055:
1975:
1222:
resistance in Ireland continued for another year however, winning a success at the
1108:
were arrested. Talbot died in prison and Plunkett was hanged, drawn and quartered.
938:
329:
4496:
4424:
4419:
4249:
4127:
4054:
3695:
3379:
3354:
2347:
1505:
1297:
1271:
1105:
1022:
975:
793:
707:
677:
630:
597:
488:
715:
in 1607. This removed the last major obstacle to English government in Ireland.
4631:
4527:
4366:
4354:
4132:
3195:
3179:
3129:
2492:
2461:
2321:
2285:
2103:
1764:
1178:
1036:
was marked by atrocities, such as the massacre of the Royalist garrison at the
899:
883:
808:
755:
593:
484:
419:
324:
300:
2071:
1542:
The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland and Ireland, 1638–1660
1234:
shortly afterwards. The Jacobite army left the country under the terms of the
765:. Scottish and English Protestants were sent as colonists to the provinces of
4645:
4182:
4015:
3889:
3364:
3349:
3006:
2934:
2929:
2719:
751:
638:
601:
581:
523:
468:
933:
4336:
4272:
4267:
4177:
4160:
3985:
3924:
3414:
3399:
2881:
2594:
2244:
2095:
2047:
2007:
1566:
1205:
974:, when Irish Catholics, threatened by expanding power of the anti-Catholic
903:
860:
1999:
874:
The pre-Elizabethan Irish population is usually divided into the "Old (or
4473:
4386:
4085:
4029:
3990:
3251:
2313:
2305:
2148:
1959:
1186:
1097:
1041:
979:
856:
585:
361:
4567:
4090:
4000:
3964:
3954:
3760:
2426:
2269:
2214:
2087:
2063:
1983:
1907:
1513:
1219:
1170:
747:
652:
500:
464:
4211:
1230:
in July 1691, when their main army was destroyed. They surrendered at
1012:
in Britain and Ireland. The Confederate regime allied themselves with
702:. A Spanish expeditionary force was defeated by English forces at the
4599:
4320:
4104:
3959:
3934:
3909:
3334:
2642:
2277:
2079:
1686:
472:
4285:
4005:
1951:
1150:. Protestants in Ireland could do little about this turn of events.
4511:
4444:
4109:
3995:
3939:
3344:
1474:
1359:
The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland: A Pattern Established, 1565–76
1231:
1056:
1045:
887:
848:
797:
476:
1494:
706:
in 1601. O'Neill and his allies eventually surrendered to the new
4429:
4414:
4313:
4100:
4080:
3054:
3023:
2015:
1935:
1201:
895:
766:
673:
672:(1569–1573 and 1579–1583) took place in the southern province of
589:
577:
499:
was declared by Henry VIII in 1542), and 1691, when the Catholic
4299:
4292:
4137:
4070:
3929:
1943:
951:
891:
852:
844:
774:
694:
4349:
3919:
1504:
1174:
875:
770:
515:
480:
807:
discriminated against all Christian faiths other than the
718:
4037:
1477:
A new history of Ireland: Early modern Ireland, 1534–1691
1055:. The remaining Catholic landowners were transplanted to
934:
Civil wars, Land confiscations and Penal Laws (1641–1691)
693:
the most powerful chieftains in the northern province of
542:
3466:
List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland
1475:
Moody, T. W.; Martin, Francis X.; Byrne, F. J. (1991).
1310:
530:
then reverted the state to Catholicism in 1553–58, and
1322:
1539:
948:
complete dispossession of the Catholic landed elite.
569:
and began the English re-conquest of the country, by
3196:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
1263:(which had been allowed to lapse somewhat after the
1458:
Sixteenth Century Ireland – The Incomplete Conquest
1334:
746:Catholic clergy, many of whom had been educated in
660:The re-conquest was completed during the reigns of
1589:
1377:
966:In the mid-17th century, Ireland was convulsed by
3559:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland
711:allies subsequently fled Ireland for good in the
656:Cahir Castle – besieged repeatedly in this period
402:History of the Irish language
4643:
2522:
1070:- to say the least - in Irish popular culture.
4405:Association football in the Republic of Ireland
535:that the native Irish and the (Roman Catholic)
1196:landed with a major Williamite expedition and
1048:, which caused famine throughout the country.
479:transform from a locally driven, intertribal,
3039:
2508:
1702:
1512:. Dublin: Browne and Nolan, Ltd. – via
1181:by his men. James, backed by the French King
565:King of England and Ireland, who founded the
459:saw the first full conquest of the island by
437:
952:The Confederate War and Cromwellian conquest
624:of 1494, which required the approval of the
3168:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1499:
1398:
1127:
838:
584:monarchs. Most seriously, they had invited
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4591:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland
3046:
3032:
2515:
2501:
1709:
1695:
444:
430:
88:. Please do not remove this message until
1629:
1520:
1399:Hayes-McCoy, Gerard Anthony (June 1989).
847:on the Munster coast. In particular, the
188:Learn how and when to remove this message
170:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
4410:Association football in Northern Ireland
1883:Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543
1632:Patrick Sarsfield and the Williamite War
1249:
1110:
993:The rebellion was marked by a number of
937:
651:
556:
133:This article includes a list of general
84:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3606:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
1648:
1596:. Routledge & Kegan Paul, Limited.
1436:
1417:
719:Colonisation and the religious question
4644:
1893:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
1716:
1558:
1455:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1144:Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell
1028:Ireland in 1649–1653 on behalf of the
784:). The largest of these projects, the
668:, after several bloody conflicts. The
495:as Lords Deputies of Ireland (the new
457:Ireland during the period of 1536–1691
3875:
3665:
3486:
3092:
3027:
2496:
1690:
1613:War and Politics in Ireland 1649–1730
1610:
1587:
1375:
1356:
543:Re-conquest and rebellion (1536–1607)
1540:Kenyon, J.; Ohlmeyer, J. H. (1998).
1439:Confederate Catholics at War 1641–49
796:, which distinguished them from the
119:
58:
17:
2962:Post-war period (political history)
2477:
1888:Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556
1675:16th century images of Irish people
1507:Studies in Irish History, 1649-1775
1000:As a result of the outbreak of the
831:of 1689, with the exception of the
13:
4677:1690s disestablishments in Ireland
3635:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland
3410:Economy of the Republic of Ireland
3208:Irish Free State (1922–1937)
3053:
1226:, but was finally ended after the
1084:An uneasy peace returned with the
1008:(1642–1649) during the subsequent
139:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
4688:
3420:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
1668:
1380:Making Ireland British, 1580–1650
514:, by which Henry VIII broke with
463:and its colonisation with mostly
33:This article has multiple issues.
4625:
3589:Tallest buildings and structures
2967:Post-war period (social history)
2641:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2455:
2443:
1634:. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.
1493:
1376:Canny, Nicholas P (3 May 2001).
995:massacres of Protestant settlers
871:Catholics on religious grounds.
588:troops into Dublin to crown the
413:
226:
124:
63:
22:
4672:1530s establishments in Ireland
4652:Early modern history of Ireland
1830:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
1361:. Sussex: Harvester Press Ltd.
1034:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
962:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
928:civil war in the three Kingdoms
823:. The Catholic majority in the
526:, the Irish remained Catholic.
41:or discuss these issues on the
3425:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
1742:History of Ireland (1691–1800)
1737:History of Ireland (1536–1691)
1460:. Dublin: St. Martin's Press.
1357:Canny, Nicholas P (May 1976).
1073:
1:
3487:
1649:Wheeler, James Scott (1999).
1525:. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
1303:
1206:took part in a long stand-off
1189:arrived with a relief force.
1021:, Charles I was executed and
902:, but extensively patronised
882:, or descendants of medieval
769:, Ulster and the counties of
4667:History of Ireland by period
4490:Northern Ireland flags issue
3666:
3441:List of conflicts in Ireland
3185:Southern Ireland (1921–1922)
2524:History of the British Isles
2125:Dublin Castle administration
1403:. Belfast: Appletree Press.
1200:. He then advanced south to
7:
3876:
3461:Gaelic clothing and fashion
3093:
1615:. Continuum International.
1544:. Oxford University Press.
1523:Confederate Ireland 1642–49
1521:Ó Siochrú, Micheál (1999).
1479:. Oxford University Press.
1456:Lennon, Colm (March 1995).
1384:. Oxford University Press.
1293:Early Modern Irish language
1286:
1279:. For the 18th century see
1086:Restoration of the monarchy
90:conditions to do so are met
10:
4693:
1825:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
1350:
1253:
1131:
1119:Irish Catholics, known as
1077:
1010:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
955:
722:
546:
4621:
4520:
4458:
4395:
4335:
4248:
4196:
4151:
4118:
4063:
4028:
3978:
3897:
3888:
3884:
3871:
3806:
3709:
3678:
3674:
3661:
3571:
3499:
3495:
3482:
3433:
3221:
3105:
3101:
3088:
3064:
2988:
2913:
2866:
2758:
2709:
2650:
2639:
2530:
2450:British Empire portal
2438:
2258:
2115:
1926:
1878:Crown of Ireland Act 1542
1863:
1770:Tudor conquest of Ireland
1750:
1732:Timeline of Irish history
1724:
1630:Waudchope, Piers (1992).
1559:Senior, Clive M. (1976).
1441:. Cork University Press.
1437:Lenihan, Pádraig (2001).
1420:1690: Battle of the Boyne
1418:Lenihan, Pádraig (2003).
1270:In addition, as of 1704,
1134:Williamite war in Ireland
1053:given to British settlers
549:Tudor conquest of Ireland
319:Great Britain and Ireland
283:Timeline of Irish history
2144:Privy Council of Ireland
1681:Tudor and Stuart Ireland
1128:The War of the Two Kings
1046:Irish guerrilla fighters
839:A New Order? (1607–1641)
602:Silken Thomas Fitzgerald
571:Hans Holbein the Younger
4662:17th century in Ireland
4657:16th century in Ireland
4582:Prostitution (Republic)
2796:Early medieval Scotland
2171:Court of Castle Chamber
1850:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1840:Williamite–Jacobite War
1815:Irish Rebellion of 1641
1213:, most famously at the
968:eleven years of warfare
154:more precise citations.
3451:List of Irish kingdoms
2840:Early medieval Ireland
2806:Late medieval Scotland
2801:High medieval Scotland
2774:Early medieval England
2205:Trinity College Dublin
2200:Grand Lodge of Ireland
2138:Irish House of Commons
2096:Bréifne Uí Raghallaigh
1898:Act of Settlement 1662
1820:Irish Confederate Wars
1795:Plantations of Ireland
1785:Reformation in Ireland
1653:. St. Martin's Press.
1501:O'Brien, Richard Barry
1198:captured Carrickfergus
1148:Lord Deputy of Ireland
1124:
1094:Act of Settlement 1662
1063:Act of Settlement 1652
958:Irish Confederate Wars
944:
821:Irish House of Commons
781:Plantations of Ireland
739:Protestant reformation
729:Plantations of Ireland
725:Reformation in Ireland
676:, when the Fitzgerald
657:
635:Lord Deputy of Ireland
573:
4558:Mass media (Republic)
4502:National coat of arms
3390:IRA Northern Campaign
2887:Early modern Scotland
2850:Late medieval Ireland
2845:High medieval Ireland
2784:Late medieval England
2779:High medieval England
2735:Protohistoric Ireland
2130:Parliament of Ireland
1780:Surrender and regrant
1277:Protestant Ascendancy
1256:Protestant Ascendancy
1250:Protestant Ascendancy
1204:where the two armies
1114:
970:, beginning with the
941:
655:
647:surrender and regrant
626:English Privy Council
610:Parliament of Ireland
560:
397:Economic history
392:British monarchs
4480:County coats of arms
4372:List of Irish people
3446:List of Irish tribes
3296:Cromwellian conquest
3282:Plantation of Ulster
3213:Ireland (since 1922)
2997:House of Plantagenet
2899:Early modern Ireland
2882:Early modern England
2877:Early modern Britain
2818:Early medieval Wales
2676:Prehistoric Shetland
2671:Prehistoric Scotland
2134:Irish House of Lords
1913:Constitution of 1782
1677:at Irish Archaeology
1611:Simms, J.G. (1986).
1588:Simms, J.G. (1969).
1244:enter French service
1030:English Commonwealth
827:persisted until the
825:Irish House of Lords
786:Plantation of Ulster
733:Plantation of Ulster
520:Edward VI of England
382:Gaelic monarchs
295:Peoples and polities
4595:in Northern Ireland
4586:in Northern Ireland
4327:Legendary creatures
4240:Traditional singing
4076:Saint Patrick's Day
3711:Republic of Ireland
3640:Tourist attractions
3625:ROI–UK border
3610:of Northern Ireland
3563:in Northern Ireland
3395:IRA Border Campaign
3370:War of Independence
3340:Second Great Famine
3325:Act of Union (1800)
3277:Flight of the Earls
3134:Lordship of Ireland
3069:Republic of Ireland
2974:Late modern Ireland
2868:Early modern period
2828:Late medieval Wales
2823:High medieval Wales
2695:Prehistoric Ireland
2666:Prehistoric England
2661:Prehistoric Britain
2210:Order of St Patrick
2032:Mac William Íochtar
1809:Flight of the Earls
1760:Lordship of Ireland
1651:Cromwell in Ireland
1571:David & Charles
1562:A Nation of Pirates
1265:English Restoration
1215:Battle of the Boyne
1161:was deposed by the
1155:Glorious Revolution
1140:James II of England
1080:English Restoration
1006:Confederate Ireland
800:English colonists.
792:were predominantly
744:Counter-Reformation
713:Flight of the Earls
512:English Reformation
505:early modern period
335:Republic of Ireland
306:Lordship of Ireland
77:of this article is
4632:Ireland portal
3950:Skirts and kidneys
3456:List of High Kings
3375:Anglo-Irish Treaty
3315:First Great Famine
3300:Settlement of 1652
3272:Tyrone's Rebellion
3262:Desmond Rebellions
3151:Kingdom of Ireland
3002:House of Lancaster
2955:World Wars (Wales)
2915:Late modern period
2892:Early modern Wales
2681:Prehistoric Orkney
2652:Prehistoric period
2462:Ireland portal
2240:Catholic Committee
2176:Peerage of Ireland
1984:Clann Aodha Buidhe
1918:Acts of Union 1800
1790:Desmond Rebellions
1718:Kingdom of Ireland
1319:, pp. 41, 68.
1236:Treaty of Limerick
1163:English Parliament
1153:However, with the
1125:
982:at the expense of
976:English Parliament
945:
878:) Irish", and the
835:period (1650–60).
829:Patriot Parliament
750:on the continent.
742:out in Ireland by
670:Desmond Rebellions
658:
612:, consisting of a
600:in 1487. In 1535,
574:
567:Kingdom of Ireland
553:Kingdom of Ireland
497:Kingdom of Ireland
493:FitzGerald dynasty
420:Ireland portal
311:Kingdom of Ireland
4639:
4638:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4024:
4023:
3915:Bacon and cabbage
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3734:Foreign relations
3657:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3584:Notable buildings
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3021:
3020:
2904:Early modern Mann
2791:Medieval Scotland
2749:Sub-Roman Britain
2744:End of Roman rule
2688:Prehistoric Wales
2490:
2489:
2186:Church of Ireland
2048:Bréifne Uí Ruairc
1486:978-0-19-820242-4
1331:, pp. 53–57.
1281:Ireland 1691-1801
1240:Patrick Sarsfield
1228:Battle of Aughrim
1224:Siege of Limerick
1194:Marshal Schomberg
1167:William of Orange
1038:Siege of Drogheda
1002:English Civil War
972:Rebellion of 1641
908:Roman Catholicism
865:benefit of clergy
861:pirate stronghold
851:of Leamcon (near
813:Church of Ireland
704:Battle of Kinsale
700:Anglo-Spanish War
532:Queen Elizabeth I
454:
453:
317:United Kingdom of
198:
197:
190:
180:
179:
172:
118:
117:
110:
56:
4684:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4307:Tuatha Dé Danann
3895:
3894:
3886:
3885:
3873:
3872:
3808:Northern Ireland
3786:
3776:
3766:
3676:
3675:
3663:
3662:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3360:Home Rule crisis
3190:Northern Ireland
3103:
3102:
3090:
3089:
3077:Northern Ireland
3048:
3041:
3034:
3025:
3024:
2979:Late modern Mann
2950:Second World War
2935:Edwardian period
2930:Victorian period
2835:Medieval Ireland
2769:Medieval England
2711:Classical period
2700:Prehistoric Mann
2645:
2602:Northern Ireland
2517:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2480:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2356:Richard Cromwell
2352:
2344:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2298:
2290:
2289:(1553; disputed)
2282:
2274:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1664:
1645:
1626:
1607:
1595:
1592:Jacobite Ireland
1584:
1555:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1497:
1490:
1471:
1452:
1433:
1414:
1395:
1383:
1372:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1238:, negotiated by
1165:and replaced by
1116:James VII and II
1019:Parliamentarians
924:Thomas Wentworth
817:Irish Parliament
685:1594–1603, when
614:House of Commons
485:Gaelic structure
446:
439:
432:
418:
417:
416:
339:Northern Ireland
330:Irish Free State
230:
220:
202:
201:
193:
186:
175:
168:
164:
161:
155:
150:this article by
141:inline citations
128:
127:
120:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
67:
66:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4626:
4624:
4609:
4577:outside Ireland
4548:Historic houses
4516:
4497:Irish Wolfhound
4468:Brighid's Cross
4454:
4425:Gaelic handball
4420:Gaelic football
4391:
4362:Hiberno-Normans
4331:
4244:
4192:
4147:
4128:Hiberno-English
4114:
4059:
4020:
3974:
3880:
3859:
3802:
3784:
3774:
3764:
3705:
3696:Ulster loyalism
3670:
3649:
3567:
3491:
3470:
3429:
3355:Dublin lock-out
3291:Confederate War
3242:Norman invasion
3229:Battles of Tara
3217:
3173:1801–1923
3161:1691–1800
3156:1536–1691
3144:1169–1536
3097:
3084:
3060:
3052:
3022:
3017:
3016:
2984:
2983:
2945:Interwar period
2940:First World War
2909:
2908:
2862:
2861:
2760:Medieval period
2754:
2753:
2705:
2704:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2620:Channel Islands
2556:Isles of Scilly
2526:
2521:
2491:
2486:
2456:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2348:Oliver Cromwell
2342:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2262:
2254:
2250:United Irishmen
2117:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1928:
1922:
1865:
1859:
1805:Nine Years' War
1752:
1746:
1720:
1715:
1671:
1661:
1642:
1623:
1604:
1581:
1552:
1533:
1487:
1468:
1449:
1430:
1411:
1392:
1369:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1298:Irish of Nantes
1289:
1258:
1252:
1136:
1130:
1118:
1106:Oliver Plunkett
1088:in England and
1082:
1076:
1068:bitter memories
1023:Oliver Cromwell
964:
956:Main articles:
954:
936:
900:Gaelic language
863:. By pleading "
841:
735:
723:Main articles:
721:
678:Earl of Desmond
631:King of Ireland
598:King of England
564:
555:
547:Main articles:
545:
489:King Henry VIII
450:
414:
412:
407:
406:
352:
344:
343:
321:
318:
296:
288:
287:
238:
218:
211:
194:
183:
182:
181:
176:
165:
159:
156:
146:Please help to
145:
129:
125:
114:
103:
97:
94:
83:
68:
64:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
4690:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4637:
4636:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4588:
4579:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:Heritage Sites
4540:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4482:
4477:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4367:Irish diaspora
4364:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4355:Gaelic Ireland
4347:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4215:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4098:
4096:Rose of Tralee
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:List of dishes
3901:
3899:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3821:D'Hondt method
3812:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3782:Seanad Éireann
3778:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3672:
3671:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3522:Extreme points
3519:
3514:
3512:Climate change
3509:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:1803 Rebellion
3327:
3322:
3320:1798 Rebellion
3317:
3312:
3307:
3305:Williamite War
3302:
3293:
3287:1641 Rebellion
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3267:Spanish Armada
3264:
3259:
3257:Tudor conquest
3254:
3249:
3247:Bruce campaign
3244:
3239:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3193:
3192:(1921–present)
3187:
3182:
3180:Irish Republic
3177:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3139:800–1169
3130:Gaelic Ireland
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3074:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2924:United Kingdom
2920:
2919:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2813:Medieval Wales
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2732:
2727:
2725:Roman Scotland
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2668:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2617:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2583:Outer Hebrides
2580:
2578:Inner Hebrides
2575:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2541:United Kingdom
2537:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2452:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2385:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2291:
2286:Lady Jane Grey
2283:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Irish Patriots
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2146:
2141:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1855:United Kingdom
1852:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:British Empire
1762:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1669:External links
1667:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1646:
1640:
1627:
1621:
1608:
1602:
1585:
1579:
1556:
1550:
1537:
1531:
1518:
1503:, ed. (1903).
1491:
1485:
1472:
1466:
1453:
1447:
1434:
1428:
1415:
1409:
1396:
1390:
1373:
1367:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1254:Main article:
1251:
1248:
1211:Williamite War
1192:The same year
1132:Main article:
1129:
1126:
1078:Main article:
1075:
1072:
988:Féilim Ó Néill
953:
950:
935:
932:
884:Hiberno-Norman
840:
837:
756:printing press
752:Irish Colleges
720:
717:
691:Hugh O'Donnell
683:Nine Years War
618:House of Lords
594:Lambert Simnel
544:
541:
467:settlers from
452:
451:
449:
448:
441:
434:
426:
423:
422:
409:
408:
405:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
332:
327:
325:Irish Republic
322:
315:
313:
308:
303:
301:Gaelic Ireland
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
223:
222:
213:
212:
205:
196:
195:
178:
177:
132:
130:
123:
116:
115:
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4689:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4634:
4633:
4620:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Public houses
4598:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3856:
3855:Peace process
3853:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3785:(upper house)
3783:
3779:
3777:
3775:(lower house)
3773:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:Republicanism
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:Peace process
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3385:The Emergency
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:Easter Rising
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Fenian Rising
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:Early history
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:House of York
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:(since 1707)
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2857:Medieval Mann
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:Roman Ireland
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:Roman Britain
2718:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:Isle of Wight
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2483:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1936:Tuadhmhumhain
1934:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Poynings' Law
1871:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1662:
1660:0-31222-550-4
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1641:0-71652-476-7
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1603:0-71006-446-2
1599:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1580:0-7153-7264-5
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1551:0-19280-278-X
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1532:1-85182-400-6
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1467:0-312-12462-7
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1448:1-85918-244-5
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1429:0-75243-304-0
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1410:0-86281-212-7
1406:
1402:
1401:Irish Battles
1397:
1393:
1391:0-19-820091-9
1387:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1368:0-85527-034-9
1364:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1343:, p. 54.
1342:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1272:Presbyterians
1268:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
996:
991:
989:
985:
981:
978:and Scottish
977:
973:
969:
963:
959:
949:
940:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
734:
730:
726:
716:
714:
709:
705:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
654:
650:
648:
642:
640:
639:Privy Council
636:
632:
627:
623:
622:Poynings' Law
619:
615:
611:
606:
605:more years).
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
568:
563:
559:
554:
550:
540:
538:
533:
529:
525:
524:Protestantism
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:Great Britain
466:
462:
458:
447:
442:
440:
435:
433:
428:
427:
425:
424:
421:
411:
410:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
348:
347:
340:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
320:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
292:
291:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
234:
233:
229:
225:
224:
221:
215:
214:
209:
204:
203:
200:
192:
189:
174:
171:
163:
153:
149:
143:
142:
136:
131:
122:
121:
112:
109:
101:
91:
87:
81:
80:
76:
70:
61:
60:
55:
53:
46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
4623:
4593: /
4584: /
4575: /
4553:Homelessness
4472:
4440:Road bowling
4435:Martial arts
4382:Ulster Scots
4319:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4263:Mythological
4210:
4170:
4143:Ulster Scots
4103: /
4042:
3970:Three-in-One
3781:
3772:Dáil Éireann
3771:
3761:
3719:Constitution
3608: /
3579:Architecture
3561: /
3434:Other topics
3415:Celtic Tiger
3400:The Troubles
3298: /
3289: /
3235: /
3231: /
3155:
3132: /
3120:Protohistory
2898:
2364:Commonwealth
2363:
2339:Commonwealth
2337:
2304:
2245:Orange Order
2165:Common Pleas
2153:King's Bench
2064:Tír Chonaill
2024:Deasmhumhain
2008:Iar Connacht
1736:
1650:
1631:
1612:
1591:
1567:Newton Abbot
1561:
1541:
1522:
1506:
1476:
1457:
1438:
1419:
1400:
1379:
1358:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1269:
1259:
1191:
1177:, which was
1152:
1137:
1120:
1115:
1102:Peter Talbot
1083:
1060:
1050:
1026:re-conquered
999:
992:
965:
946:
912:
904:Irish poetry
873:
869:
842:
833:Commonwealth
802:
794:Presbyterian
790:Ulster Scots
778:
760:
736:
687:Hugh O'Neill
659:
643:
607:
575:
561:
528:Queen Mary I
509:
504:
491:deposed the
456:
455:
267:
248:Protohistory
199:
184:
166:
157:
138:
104:
95:
73:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
4573:Place names
4450:Rugby union
4345:Anglo-Irish
4230:Instruments
4086:The Twelfth
4050:Set dancing
3850:LGBT rights
3756:LGBT rights
3686:Nationalism
3252:Black Death
2730:Roman Wales
2614:Isle of Man
2482:WikiProject
2430:(1760–1800)
2422:(1727–1760)
2414:(1714–1727)
2406:(1702–1714)
2398:(1689–1694)
2391:(1689–1702)
2388:William III
2383:(1685–1691)
2375:(1660–1685)
2367:(1659–1660)
2359:(1658–1659)
2351:(1653–1658)
2343:(1649–1653)
2333:(1625–1649)
2325:(1603–1625)
2317:(1558–1603)
2314:Elizabeth I
2309:(1554–1558)
2306:jure uxoris
2297:(1553–1558)
2281:(1547–1553)
2273:(1542–1547)
2149:Four Courts
2118:and society
2080:Fear Manach
2072:Tír Eoghain
1976:Uí Díarmata
1960:Clanricarde
1775:New English
1341:Senior 1976
1329:Senior 1976
1317:Senior 1976
1187:Percy Kirke
1098:Popish Plot
1074:Restoration
1042:West Indies
980:Covenanters
880:Old English
859:) became a
857:County Cork
811:(Anglican)
809:established
763:Plantations
662:Elizabeth I
592:pretender,
537:Old English
217:History of
152:introducing
98:August 2022
4646:Categories
4474:Cláirseach
4377:Travellers
4235:Rock music
4218:Folk music
4153:Literature
3955:Soda bread
3838:Government
3765:parliament
3762:Oireachtas
3739:Government
3679:Ideologies
3310:Penal Laws
3201:since 1922
3115:Prehistory
2427:George III
2372:Charles II
2270:Henry VIII
2263:and rulers
2190:Ascendancy
2088:Uí Catháin
1992:Magh Luirg
1968:Uí Failghe
1908:Popery Act
1903:Penal Laws
1866:Parliament
1844:Wild Geese
1834:Barbadosed
1753:and events
1622:0826436099
1514:Wikisource
1422:. Tempus.
1304:References
1261:Penal Laws
1090:Charles II
920:The Graces
805:Penal Laws
748:seminaries
586:Burgundian
562:Henry VIII
465:Protestant
243:Prehistory
237:Chronology
135:references
75:neutrality
38:improve it
4605:Squatting
4321:Fomorians
4250:Mythology
4120:Languages
4105:Halloween
4081:Bealtaine
4064:Festivals
4055:Stepdance
3960:Spice Bag
3945:Irish fry
3935:Colcannon
3910:Barmbrack
3833:Education
3791:President
3729:Education
3645:Transport
3620:Provinces
3542:Mountains
3517:Coastline
3489:Geography
3380:Civil War
3335:Tithe War
2419:George II
2330:Charles I
2278:Edward VI
2235:Defenders
2215:Jacobites
2194:Recusancy
2157:Exchequer
2104:Uí Mháine
2056:Cairbrigh
2000:Airgíalla
1944:Uí Echach
1929:conquests
1183:Louis XIV
1157:of 1688,
1121:Jacobites
1061:See also
1014:Charles I
943:colonists
916:Charles I
779:see also
501:Jacobites
473:sectarian
357:Conflicts
278:1801–1923
273:1691–1800
268:1536–1691
263:1169–1536
86:talk page
44:talk page
4563:Monastic
4528:Calendar
4512:Shamrock
4507:Red Hand
4445:Rounders
4110:Wren Day
4044:Sean-nós
3996:Guinness
3940:Drisheen
3816:Assembly
3798:Taxation
3701:Unionism
3668:Politics
3601:Counties
3345:Land War
3237:Clontarf
3233:Glenmama
3107:Timeline
3012:Monarchs
2630:Guernsey
2595:Anglesey
2568:Shetland
2563:Scotland
2532:Overview
2472:Category
2411:George I
2380:James II
2260:Monarchs
2161:Chancery
2116:Politics
1864:Acts of
1287:See also
1232:Limerick
1220:Jacobite
1179:besieged
1171:Jacobite
1159:James II
1057:Connacht
984:the King
894:, south
888:the Pale
849:townland
798:Anglican
477:the Pale
372:Kingdoms
258:795–1169
208:a series
206:Part of
160:May 2024
79:disputed
4533:Castles
4460:Symbols
4430:Hurling
4415:Camogie
4314:Firbolg
4300:Immrama
4293:Echtrai
4223:session
4206:Ballads
4183:Theatre
4172:Gaeilge
4166:Fiction
4101:Samhain
4016:Whiskey
3890:Cuisine
3878:Culture
3828:Economy
3724:Economy
3532:Islands
3507:Climate
3500:Natural
3095:History
3055:Ireland
2989:Related
2609:Ireland
2546:England
2395:Mary II
2322:James I
2016:Umhaill
1751:General
1725:History
1351:Sources
1202:Dundalk
896:Wexford
890:around
845:pirates
767:Munster
674:Munster
666:James I
590:Yorkist
578:Kildare
483:-based
461:England
387:Judaism
367:Cuisine
253:400–795
219:Ireland
148:improve
4538:Cinema
4337:People
4286:Aos Sí
4273:Ulster
4268:Fenian
4258:Cycles
4188:Triads
4178:Poetry
4161:Annals
4138:Shelta
4091:Lúnasa
4071:Imbolc
4006:Poitín
3986:Coffee
3979:Drinks
3930:Coddle
3596:Cities
3547:Rivers
3537:Loughs
3222:Events
3080:topics
3072:topics
3058:topics
2625:Jersey
2616:(Mann)
2573:Orkney
2393:&
2301:Philip
2299:&
2294:Mary I
2225:Tories
2192:&
2107:(1611)
2099:(1607)
2091:(1607)
2083:(1607)
2075:(1607)
2067:(1607)
2059:(1606)
2051:(1605)
2043:(1603)
2040:Laigin
2035:(1602)
2027:(1596)
2019:(1593)
2011:(1589)
2003:(1585)
1995:(1585)
1987:(1574)
1979:(1574)
1971:(1550)
1963:(1544)
1955:(1543)
1952:Loígis
1947:(1543)
1939:(1543)
1927:Gaelic
1799:Ulster
1657:
1638:
1619:
1600:
1577:
1548:
1529:
1509:
1498:
1483:
1464:
1445:
1426:
1407:
1388:
1365:
1032:. The
892:Dublin
876:Gaelic
853:Schull
775:Offaly
731:, and
708:Stuart
695:Ulster
616:and a
377:States
351:Topics
210:on the
137:, but
4568:Names
4521:Other
4485:Flags
4397:Sport
4350:Gaels
4278:Kings
4212:Céilí
4198:Music
4133:Irish
4030:Dance
3991:Cream
3925:Champ
3920:Boxty
3843:local
3744:local
3630:Towns
3615:Ports
3572:Human
3527:Fauna
2590:Wales
2220:Whigs
1242:, to
1175:Derry
1146:, as
771:Laois
582:Tudor
516:Papal
362:Clans
4387:Yola
4001:Mist
3965:Stew
3898:Food
3552:list
2403:Anne
2181:Army
2163:and
2136:and
1655:ISBN
1636:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1575:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1527:ISBN
1481:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1405:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1104:and
960:and
773:and
689:and
664:and
551:and
510:The
481:clan
337:and
72:The
4038:Jig
4011:Tea
3751:Law
596:as
4648::
2737:,
2159:,
2155:,
1573:.
1569::
1565:.
1283:.
1059:.
930:.
855:,
727:,
641:.
507:.
47:.
3047:e
3040:t
3033:v
2516:e
2509:t
2502:v
2196:)
2188:(
2167:)
2151:(
2140:)
2132:(
1846:)
1842:(
1836:)
1832:(
1811:)
1807:(
1801:)
1797:(
1710:e
1703:t
1696:v
1663:.
1644:.
1625:.
1606:.
1583:.
1554:.
1535:.
1516:.
1489:.
1470:.
1451:.
1432:.
1413:.
1394:.
1371:.
777:(
645:"
445:e
438:t
431:v
191:)
185:(
173:)
167:(
162:)
158:(
144:.
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
92:.
82:.
54:)
50:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
