1005:
1974:
1941:
2007:
2040:
6319:
1035:
2925:
1065:
1095:
1981:
1948:
2014:
2264:. This compound is reddish-brown in dry conditions. Iron's reaction with bromine is less reactive than its reaction with fluorine or chlorine. A hot iron can also react with iodine, but it forms iron(II) iodide. This compound may be gray, but the reaction is always contaminated with excess iodine, so it is not known for sure. Iron's reaction with iodine is less vigorous than its reaction with the lighter halogens.
6331:
2047:
3413:
1681:; the chemical properties of the two heaviest group 17 members have not been conclusively investigated. The halogens show trends in chemical bond energy moving from top to bottom of the periodic table column with fluorine deviating slightly. It follows a trend in having the highest bond energy in compounds with other atoms, but it has very weak bonds within the diatomic F
3866:. These clusters of 13 aluminium atoms with an extra electron added do not appear to react with oxygen when it is introduced in the same gas stream. Assuming each atom liberates its 3 valence electrons, this means 40 electrons are present, which is one of the magic numbers for sodium and implies that these numbers are a reflection of the noble gases.
3742:. However, iodine is not known to have a biological role in plants. There are typically 0.06 milligrams per liter of iodine in human blood, 300 parts per billion of iodine in human bones, and 50 to 700 parts per billion of iodine in human tissue. There are 10 to 20 milligrams of iodine in a typical 70-kilogram human.
3655:
Fluoride anions are found in ivory, bones, teeth, blood, eggs, urine, and hair of organisms. Fluoride anions in very small amounts may be essential for humans. There are 0.5 milligrams of fluorine per liter of human blood. Human bones contain 0.2 to 1.2% fluorine. Human tissue contains approximately
3646:
halogen groups, which can exhibit considerable chemical reactivity. For aliphatic carbon-halogen bonds, the C-F bond is the strongest and usually less chemically reactive than aliphatic C-H bonds. The other aliphatic-halogen bonds are weaker, their reactivity increasing down the periodic table. They
3793:
Chlorine gas is highly toxic. Breathing in chlorine at a concentration of 3 parts per million can rapidly cause a toxic reaction. Breathing in chlorine at a concentration of 50 parts per million is highly dangerous. Breathing in chlorine at a concentration of 500 parts per million for a few minutes
1496:. However, in 1811, Courtois added sulfuric acid to his process and found that his process produced purple fumes that condensed into black crystals. Suspecting that these crystals were a new element, Courtois sent samples to other chemists for investigation. Iodine was proven to be a new element by
3869:
Calculations show that the additional electron is located in the aluminium cluster at the location directly opposite from the iodine atom. The cluster must therefore have a higher electron affinity for the electron than iodine and therefore the aluminium cluster is called a superhalogen (i.e., the
3679:. Humans typically consume 1 to 20 milligrams of bromine per day. There are typically 5 parts per million of bromine in human blood, 7 parts per million of bromine in human bones, and 7 parts per million of bromine in human tissue. A typical 70-kilogram human contains 260 milligrams of bromine.
2169:
and damaging cells. Hydrogen chloride is also a dangerous chemical. Breathing in gas with more than fifty parts per million of hydrogen chloride can cause death in humans. Hydrogen bromide is even more toxic and irritating than hydrogen chloride. Breathing in gas with more than thirty parts per
2107:
The hydrogen-halogen reactions get gradually less reactive toward the heavier halogens. A fluorine-hydrogen reaction is explosive even when it is dark and cold. A chlorine-hydrogen reaction is also explosive, but only in the presence of light and heat. A bromine-hydrogen reaction is even less
4490:(The first of them , the electronegative , are divided into three classes: 1) The first includes substances which, united with electropositive , immediately produce salts, and which I therefore name "salt-formers" (salt-producing substances). These are chlorine, iodine, and fluorine *).)
3374:, which occurs via spallation and from the radioactive decay of uranium in ores. Several other radioactive isotopes of iodine have also been created naturally via the decay of uranium. A total of 38 isotopes of iodine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 108 to 145.
3671:
falling below 2 parts per million. Human blood contains an average of 0.3% chlorine. Human bone typically contains 900 parts per million of chlorine. Human tissue contains approximately 0.2 to 0.5% chlorine. There is a total of 95 grams of chlorine in a typical 70-kilogram human.
3794:
is lethal. In addition, breathing in chlorine gas is highly painful because of its corrosive properties. Hydrochloric acid is the acid of chlorine, while relatively nontoxic, it is highly corrosive and releases very irritating and toxic hydrogen chloride gas in open air.
1458:. It displaced oxygen in contaminated areas and replaced common oxygenated air with the toxic chlorine gas. The gas would burn human tissue externally and internally, especially the lungs, making breathing difficult or impossible depending on the level of contamination.
3801:
Iodine is somewhat toxic, being able to irritate the lungs and eyes, with a safety limit of 1 milligram per cubic meter. When taken orally, 3 grams of iodine can be lethal. Iodide anions are mostly nontoxic, but these can also be deadly if ingested in large amounts.
2313:
halogens. Many interhalogens consist of one or more atoms of fluorine bonding to a heavier halogen. Chlorine and bromine can bond with up to five fluorine atoms, and iodine can bond with up to seven fluorine atoms. Most interhalogen compounds are
3786:, range from 0.7 to 1.2 mg/L to avoid the detrimental effects of fluoride while at the same time reaping the benefits. People with levels between normal levels and those required for skeletal fluorosis tend to have symptoms similar to
1868:
The high reactivity of fluorine allows some of the strongest bonds possible, especially to carbon. For example, Teflon is fluorine bonded with carbon and is extremely resistant to thermal and chemical attacks and has a high melting point.
3770:. In addition, fluoride anions are toxic, but not as toxic as pure fluorine. Fluoride can be lethal in amounts of 5 to 10 grams. Prolonged consumption of fluoride above concentrations of 1.5 mg/L is associated with a risk of
3748:, although very scarce, has been found in micrograms in the earth. It has no known biological role because of its high radioactivity, extreme rarity, and has a half-life of just about 8 hours for the most stable isotope.
3797:
Pure bromine is somewhat toxic but less toxic than fluorine and chlorine. One hundred milligrams of bromine is lethal. Bromide anions are also toxic, but less so than bromine. Bromide has a lethal dose of 30 grams.
2503:
Iodine, however, is minimally soluble in water (0.03 g/100 g water at 20 °C) and does not react with it. However, iodine will form an aqueous solution in the presence of iodide ion, such as by addition of
4402:(One should say instead, with proper morphology, "halogen" (this word is not strange since already in mineralogy via Werner's "halite" species) from αλς "salt" and the old γενειν (Doric γενεν) "to beget".)
2349:. Chlorine is by far the most abundant of the halogens in seawater, and the only one needed in relatively large amounts (as chloride ions) by humans. For example, chloride ions play a key role in
3603:. The gas reduces the thinning of the filament and blackening of the inside of the bulb resulting in a bulb that has a much greater life. Halogen lamps glow at a higher temperature (2800 to 3400
1841:
is the most reactive of all elements; it is the only element more electronegative than oxygen, it attacks otherwise-inert materials such as glass, and it forms compounds with the usually inert
3809:
and thus highly dangerous, but it has not been produced in macroscopic quantities and hence it is most unlikely that its toxicity will be of much relevance to the average individual.
2380:
are industrially created compounds substituted with multiple halogens. Many of them are very toxic and bioaccumulate in humans, and have a very wide application range. They include
3393:. These isotopes are astatine-215, astatine-217, astatine-218, and astatine-219. A total of 31 isotopes of astatine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 191 to 227.
3647:
are usually more chemically reactive than aliphatic C-H bonds. As a consequence, the most common halogen substitutions are the less reactive aromatic fluorine and chlorine groups.
1849:
and highly toxic gas. The reactivity of fluorine is such that, if used or stored in laboratory glassware, it can react with glass in the presence of small amounts of water to form
2520:
The table below is a summary of the key physical and atomic properties of the halogens. Data marked with question marks are either uncertain or are estimations partially based on
1594:
proposed that the name "halogen" – meaning "salt producer", from αλς "salt" and γενειν "to beget" – replace the name "chlorine", which had been proposed by the
English chemist
5484:
Bergeron, D. E.; Roach, P. J.; Castleman, A. W.; Jones, N. O.; Khanna, S. N. (2005). "Al
Cluster Superatoms as Halogens in Polyhalides and as Alkaline Earths in Iodide Salts".
10321:
10071:
3444:
are produced each year. Four hundred-thousand metric tons of hydrofluoric acid are made each year. Fluorine gas is made from hydrofluoric acid produced as a by-product in
9231:
1833:. Because the halogens have seven valence electrons in their outermost energy level, they can gain an electron by reacting with atoms of other elements to satisfy the
9669:
9655:
8748:
3595:
filament in bulbs that have small amounts of a halogen, such as iodine or bromine added. This enables the production of lamps that are much smaller than non-halogen
9850:
9586:
9466:
9404:
9376:
8665:
3675:
Some bromine in the form of the bromide anion is present in all organisms. A biological role for bromine in humans has not been proven, but some organisms contain
10998:
9391:
8582:
8323:
4168:
10600:
9396:
9188:
8521:
3870:
vertical electron detachment energies of the moieties that make up the negative ions are larger than those of any halogen atom). The cluster component in the
1685:
molecule. This means that further down group 17 in the periodic table, the reactivity of elements decreases because of the increasing size of the atoms.
1376:, assuming white phosphorus is taken as the standard state. All of the halogens form acids when bonded to hydrogen. Most halogens are typically produced from
9420:
9369:
8286:
2282:
where X and Y are halogens and n is one, three, five, or seven. Interhalogen compounds contain at most two different halogens. Large interhalogens, such as
1515:
claimed to have discovered element 85 in minerals, and called the element dakine, but he was also mistaken. An attempt at discovering element 85 in 1939 by
8904:
8537:
6124:
6134:
4484:, dela sig i tre klasser: 1) den första innehåller kroppar, som förenade med de electropositiva, omedelbart frambringa salter, hvilka jag derför kallar
2260:. However, if the reaction conditions are moist, this reaction will instead result in a reddish-brown product. Iron can also react with bromine to form
6184:
3844:= 1, 2, 3, ... ) in helium gas and reacted with a gas containing iodine. When analyzed by mass spectrometry one main reaction product turns out to be
11815:
6368:
6281:
6159:
4054:
The average atomic weight of this element changes depending on the source of the chlorine, and the values in brackets are the upper and lower bounds.
1404:
was known as early as 1529. Early chemists realized that fluorine compounds contain an undiscovered element, but were unable to isolate it. In 1860,
5434:
Giri, Santanab; Behera, Swayamprabha; Jena, Puru (2014). "Superhalogens as
Building Blocks of Halogen-Free Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries†".
1512:
2061:
The elements become less reactive and have higher melting points as the atomic number increases. The higher melting points are caused by stronger
6164:
6139:
5585:
2200:, and sodium astatide. Heated sodium's reaction with halogens produces bright-orange flames. Sodium's reaction with chlorine is in the form of:
6119:
5835:
4851:
6248:
6258:
6253:
4597:
6194:
6154:
6149:
6109:
4499:
The word "halogen" appeared in
English as early as 1832 (or earlier). See, for example: Berzelius, J.J. with A.D. Bache, trans., (1832)
3812:
Tennessine cannot be chemically investigated due to how short its half-life is, although its radioactivity would make it very dangerous.
6169:
6104:
5890:
6263:
6243:
6030:
5009:
Rothe, S.; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.; Borschevsky, A.; Capponi, L.; Cocolios, T. E.; De Witte, H.; Eliav, E.; et al. (2013).
1314:(Ts), though some authors would exclude tennessine as its chemistry is unknown and is theoretically expected to be more like that of
6099:
6063:
5349:
1004:
3359:, bromine-79 and bromine-81. A total of 33 isotopes of bromine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 66 to 98.
2309:
because interhalogen bonds are weaker. However, the chemical properties of interhalogens are still roughly the same as those of
6144:
6094:
1865:
compound), extremely dry glass, or metals such as copper or steel, which form a protective layer of fluoride on their surface.
1575:
4776:
3638:
The chemical reactivity of halogen atoms depends on both their point of attachment to the lead and the nature of the halogen.
3474:
Approximately 450,000 metric tons of bromine are produced each year. Fifty percent of all bromine produced is produced in the
6361:
6189:
6114:
6025:
5554:
5333:
5247:
5181:
4110:
2928:
Boiling or sublimation temperature dependence for halogens at various pressures. The vertical bar indicates the melting point
5318:
4722:
3490:
and bleaching powder to natural brine. However, in modern times, bromine is produced by electrolysis, a method invented by
3762:
Fluorine gas is extremely toxic; breathing in fluorine at a concentration of 25 parts per million is potentially lethal.
10006:
7896:
5623:
5578:
3494:. It is also possible to produce bromine by passing chlorine through seawater and then passing air through the seawater.
2135:(HAt). All of these compounds form acids when mixed with water. Hydrogen fluoride is the only hydrogen halide that forms
1892:. Due to relatively weak intermolecular forces, chlorine and fluorine form part of the group known as "elemental gases".
3531:
Tennessine is made by using a cyclotron, fusing berkelium-249 and calcium-48 to make tennessine-293 and tennessine-294.
2108:
explosive; it is explosive only when exposed to flames. Iodine and astatine only partially react with hydrogen, forming
11708:
7671:
6058:
6015:
4285:
5152:
Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (2011). Morss, Lester R; Edelstein, Norman M; Fuger, Jean (eds.).
3778:, a condition in which bone fractures become more common due to the hardening of bones. Current recommended levels in
1446:. Scheele called the element "dephlogisticated muriatic acid", which is how chlorine was known for 33 years. In 1807,
12986:
6231:
5301:
4732:
4698:
3774:, an aesthetic condition of the teeth. At concentrations above 4 mg/L, there is an increased risk of developing
1365:
4206:"Chemical properties of the halogens - Group 17 - the halogens - Edexcel - GCSE Combined Science Revision - Edexcel"
14383:
6354:
5157:
4801:
3329:, fluorine-19. However, there are trace amounts in nature of the radioactive isotope fluorine-23, which occurs via
3659:
Chloride anions are essential to a large number of species, humans included. The concentration of chlorine in the
6179:
6053:
3381:. However, there are four naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of astatine produced via radioactive decay of
969:
953:
4664:
4001:(s) of the number prior to the parenthesized value (i.e., counting from rightmost digit to left). For instance,
3528:
Even though astatine is naturally occurring, it is usually produced by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles.
3352:
of argon-36. A total of 24 isotopes of chlorine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 28 to 51.
2214:
Iron reacts with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine to form iron(III) halides. These reactions are in the form of:
6334:
6216:
5571:
4982:
Bonchev, Danail; Kamenska, Verginia (1981). "Predicting the properties of the 113–120 transactinide elements".
4412:
Snelders, H. A. M. (1971). "J. S. C. Schweigger: His
Romanticism and His Crystal Electrical Theory of Matter".
2357:
and are also used by the body to produce stomach acid. Iodine is needed in trace amounts for the production of
5790:
6208:
6129:
6019:
4465:
4369:
2256:
even in cold temperatures. When chlorine comes into contact with a heated iron, they react to form the black
2170:
million of hydrogen bromide can be lethal to humans. Hydrogen iodide, like other hydrogen halides, is toxic.
1571:
3337:. A total of eighteen isotopes of fluorine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 13 to 31.
3623:, the incorporation of halogen atoms into a lead drug candidate results in analogues that are usually more
3607:) with a whiter colour than other incandescent bulbs. However, this requires bulbs to be manufactured from
3557:
3509:. However, in modern times, iodine is produced in other ways. One way that iodine is produced is by mixing
6238:
5264:
5102:
4947:
5800:
5795:
5198:"Краткий справочник физико-химических величин Равделя, Л.: Химия, 1974 г. – 200 стр. \\ стр 67 табл. 24"
3826:
Certain aluminium clusters have superatom properties. These aluminium clusters are generated as anions (
11364:
10351:
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8163:
6073:
4886:
4171:
PDF | "Element 117" | www.researchgate.net | Retrieved - 2023.08.13 (20:58:??) -- yyyy.mm.dd (hh:mm:ss)
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the concentration of chloride is 0.5%. Plant growth is adversely affected by chloride levels in the
14039:
13206:
12964:
12938:
12923:
12839:
11638:
11537:
11448:
11425:
11387:
10763:
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2539:
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1830:
31:
17:
6226:
5375:
Bergeron, D. E.; Castleman, A. Welford; Morisato, Tsuguo; Khanna, Shiv N. (2004). "Formation of Al
4714:
4554:
4511:
4500:
4304:; Abdullin, F.Sh.; Bailey, P.D.; Benker, D.E.; Bennett, M.E.; Dmitriev, S.N.; et al. (2010).
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14032:
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12764:
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12710:
12266:
12251:
11929:
11922:
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11582:
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11348:
10918:
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10814:
10807:
10792:
10777:
10749:
10712:
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10534:
9999:
9940:
9910:
9857:
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9828:
9821:
9792:
9715:
9579:
8946:
8853:
8798:
8777:
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8740:
8726:
8703:
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8418:
7889:
6322:
6291:
5785:
5742:
5613:
4755:
4601:
3683:
3682:
Humans typically consume less than 100 micrograms of iodine per day. Iodine deficiency can cause
3656:
50 parts per billion of fluorine. A typical 70-kilogram human contains 3 to 6 grams of fluorine.
3463:
are also mined for chlorine. Forty million metric tons of chlorine are produced each year by the
2389:
2354:
2062:
1858:
990:
5350:"CDC Statement on the 2006 National Research Council (NRC) Report on Fluoride in Drinking Water"
3627:
and less water-soluble. As a consequence, halogen atoms are used to improve penetration through
3497:
In 2003, 22,000 metric tons of iodine were produced. Chile produces 40% of all iodine produced,
1606:
14336:
14307:
14230:
14130:
14107:
14062:
13554:
13546:
13222:
12915:
12899:
12884:
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12671:
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12134:
11701:
11628:
11590:
11507:
11487:
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10991:
10975:
10892:
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10800:
10785:
10770:
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10664:
10527:
10512:
10490:
10483:
10468:
10461:
10362:
10309:
10283:
10060:
9872:
9864:
9842:
9813:
9799:
9725:
9708:
9624:
9609:
9572:
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9092:
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9061:
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8861:
8842:
8805:
8784:
8733:
8593:
8425:
8411:
8395:
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8352:
8337:
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5812:
5639:
4878:
3767:
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3433:
3401:
3397:
2104:
However, hydrogen iodide and hydrogen astatide can split back into their constituent elements.
1818:
1357:
1275:
924:
11282:
6045:
1450:
investigated chlorine and discovered that it is an actual element. Chlorine gas was used as a
14292:
14276:
14261:
14253:
14183:
14123:
14054:
14009:
13640:
13562:
13539:
13509:
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12577:
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12023:
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12001:
11915:
11895:
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11063:
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10697:
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8232:
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7966:
6286:
5867:
5546:
5066:
4576:
3631:
and tissues. It follows that there is a tendency for some halogenated drugs to accumulate in
1850:
1609:
proposed the term "halogen" for the elements fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, which produce a
1579:
1412:
and probably produced fluorine, but he was unable to prove his results at the time. In 1886,
1405:
5011:"Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Astatine by Laser Ionization Spectroscopy"
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10197:
10119:
9895:
9887:
9763:
9733:
9549:
9353:
9299:
9209:
9173:
9150:
9136:
9020:
8980:
8881:
8813:
8718:
8619:
8567:
8513:
8487:
8463:
8301:
8243:
8189:
8085:
8074:
8051:
5885:
5353:
3994:
3565:
3356:
3344:, chlorine-35 and chlorine-37. However, there are trace amounts in nature of the isotope
1846:
11294:
11274:
5497:
5447:
5396:
5165:
5026:
4960:
4819:
4328:
3548:
for drinking water, swimming pools, fresh wounds, spas, dishes, and surfaces. They kill
2443:
per kg of water at ambient temperature (21 °C). Dissolved chlorine reacts to form
1034:
14284:
14245:
14215:
14161:
14153:
14024:
14002:
13876:
13872:
13864:
13727:
13712:
13628:
13605:
13524:
13476:
13455:
13398:
13380:
13275:
13247:
13139:
13112:
13070:
13058:
12570:
12562:
12530:
12381:
12352:
12236:
12161:
12142:
12103:
12084:
12076:
11941:
11835:
11820:
11155:
11099:
10938:
10930:
10851:
10687:
10580:
10549:
10427:
10376:
10332:
10313:
10301:
10260:
10152:
10052:
9992:
9435:
9345:
9287:
9261:
9035:
9027:
8984:
8972:
8877:
8869:
8669:
8634:
8509:
8455:
8448:
8296:
8218:
8147:
8135:
7955:
7947:
7882:
5973:
5933:
5517:
5416:
5043:
4902:
4437:
4429:
4350:
4165:
3998:
3779:
3775:
3363:
2613:
2257:
2253:
1582:
successfully bombarded berkelium-249 atoms with calcium-48 atoms to make tennessine.
1493:
1180:
1173:
2305:
Interhalogens are typically more reactive than all diatomic halogen molecules except F
2139:. Hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, and hydroastatic acid are all
1548:
1094:
1064:
14378:
14208:
13900:
13853:
13678:
13635:
13459:
13429:
13373:
13365:
13231:
12788:
12522:
12385:
12376:
12318:
12194:
12153:
12099:
12068:
11970:
11936:
11899:
11887:
11754:
11694:
11242:
11201:
11194:
10682:
10641:
10542:
10446:
10392:
10216:
10205:
10178:
10108:
10082:
10031:
9338:
9280:
8660:
8607:
8441:
8315:
8200:
8067:
7959:
7932:
7920:
7657:
7248:
6068:
5938:
5550:
5509:
5408:
5329:
5297:
5243:
5177:
5048:
5010:
4728:
4694:
4441:
4342:
4281:
4126:
4106:
3763:
3588:
2608:
2596:
2448:
2444:
2414:
2331:
2261:
2132:
2120:
2116:
1826:
1637:
1614:
1591:
1497:
1443:
1431:
1425:
1409:
1303:
1187:
625:
5420:
5197:
5127:
4906:
3428:
at room temperature. Chlorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid.
2477:
Bromine has a solubility of 3.41 g per 100 g of water, but it slowly reacts to form
2289:
can be produced by a reaction of a pure halogen with a smaller interhalogen such as
14201:
13844:
13647:
13601:
13484:
13424:
13417:
13410:
13385:
13357:
13260:
13217:
13183:
13171:
13101:
13035:
12972:
12595:
12585:
12554:
12356:
12189:
12149:
12061:
11986:
11952:
11811:
11803:
11762:
11733:
11209:
11144:
10959:
10942:
10877:
10870:
10843:
10436:
10406:
10220:
10174:
10148:
10130:
10047:
9412:
9268:
9257:
9045:
9013:
8923:
8916:
8896:
8305:
8278:
8250:
7942:
7312:
7017:
6846:
6675:
6594:
6513:
6486:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6303:
6221:
5997:
5862:
5820:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5538:
5521:
5501:
5451:
5400:
5169:
5038:
5030:
4991:
4964:
4894:
4780:
4421:
4354:
4337:
4332:
4305:
3973:
3771:
3703:
3334:
2842:
2505:
2482:
2478:
2124:
2079:
1610:
1481:
1381:
1350:
1338:
1334:
1283:
1206:
1140:
1117:
1087:
1057:
1027:
997:
11661:
1438:
and early chemists. However, elemental chlorine was not produced until 1774, when
14017:
13915:
13884:
13839:
13472:
13447:
13350:
13077:
13043:
13010:
12518:
12403:
12393:
12337:
12330:
12310:
11975:
11828:
11784:
11749:
11247:
10964:
10838:
10296:
10100:
9455:
9050:
9005:
8130:
8003:
7977:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6174:
6035:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
4688:
4462:(salt-making substances) for the elements chlorine, iodine, and fluorine. See:
4301:
4131:
3739:
3561:
3448:
manufacture. Approximately 15,000 metric tons of fluorine gas are made per year.
3445:
2619:
2521:
2232:
2189:
2185:
2166:
2128:
2085:
1563:
1520:
1389:
1361:
1342:
1329:
The word "halogen" means "salt former" or "salt maker". When halogens react with
11258:
5317:
Fawell, J.; Bailey, K.; Chilton, J.; Dahi, E.; Fewtrell, L.; Magara, Y. (2006).
2115:
All halogens form binary compounds with hydrogen known as the hydrogen halides:
13793:
13784:
13779:
13674:
13620:
13613:
13593:
13494:
13265:
13085:
13065:
13030:
13014:
12600:
12408:
12305:
11882:
11769:
10186:
10167:
8018:
6377:
5983:
5978:
5948:
5943:
5928:
5594:
5214:
4643:
4151:
3731:
3723:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3510:
2847:
2346:
2193:
1862:
1641:
1556:
1544:
1540:
1474:
1346:
1279:
5173:
5128:"WebElements Periodic Table » Tennessine » properties of free atoms"
4622:
1492:
manufacture. Courtois typically boiled the seaweed ash with water to generate
14372:
13928:
13686:
13586:
13166:
13050:
11796:
10592:
8529:
7471:
4898:
4181:
3953:
3783:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3553:
3545:
3487:
3475:
3330:
2837:
2601:
2578:
2567:
2556:
2545:
2534:
2197:
2179:
2162:
2136:
1528:
1516:
1451:
1413:
1369:
795:
11669:
5505:
5404:
4146:
13090:
12111:
11653:
7992:
7525:
7354:
7059:
6459:
6392:
6298:
5963:
5958:
5712:
5647:
5513:
5455:
5412:
5352:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 10, 2013. Archived from
5052:
4501:"An essay on chemical nomenclature, prefixed to the treatise on chemistry,"
4346:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3928:
3608:
3584:
3572:
bleaches, and chlorine-derived bleaches are used in the production of some
3464:
2452:
2302:
can be produced by directly combining pure halogens in various conditions.
2273:
1973:
1940:
1595:
1524:
1504:
1447:
1417:
1385:
837:
704:
478:
4182:"halogen | Elements, Examples, Properties, Uses, & Facts | Britannica"
4169:
Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties
3455:
is the mineral that is most commonly mined for chlorine, but the minerals
2006:
13390:
10267:
7579:
7543:
7534:
7444:
7426:
7417:
6454:
6078:
5953:
5707:
4522:
Page 43, Edexcel
International GCSE chemistry revision guide, Curtis 2011
4071:
3977:
3806:
3522:
3491:
3345:
2140:
2039:
1883:
1455:
879:
851:
844:
774:
760:
753:
4995:
4805:
3759:
The halogens tend to decrease in toxicity towards the heavier halogens.
3370:. However, there are trace amounts in nature of the radioactive isotope
2088:. For fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, this reaction is in the form of:
1465:. Balard discovered bromine by passing chlorine gas through a sample of
1368:, though not far above room temperature the same becomes true of groups
7841:
7588:
7516:
7489:
7462:
7122:
7104:
7077:
6908:
6899:
6638:
5852:
5034:
3711:
3660:
3624:
3456:
3371:
3367:
3349:
2800:
2151:
1834:
1539:. Element 85, now named astatine, was produced successfully in 1940 by
1532:
1401:
1311:
1145:
886:
830:
809:
788:
527:
513:
492:
364:
357:
158:
10014:
7904:
4968:
4433:
2084:
All of the halogens have been observed to react with hydrogen to form
1648:, meaning "greenish-yellow". Bromine's name comes from the Greek word
1384:. The middle halogens—chlorine, bromine, and iodine—are often used as
13656:
11716:
7597:
7570:
7561:
7408:
7390:
7381:
7372:
7158:
7068:
7041:
6989:
6935:
6917:
6881:
6861:
6800:
6737:
6681:
6620:
6609:
6528:
6479:
6469:
6464:
5908:
5877:
5732:
5722:
5717:
3916:
3821:
3787:
3643:
3390:
3386:
2624:
2509:
2362:
2252:
Iron wool can react rapidly with fluorine to form the white compound
2144:
1889:
1842:
1661:
1489:
1373:
912:
904:
893:
872:
865:
746:
732:
725:
718:
555:
485:
464:
427:
385:
371:
343:
325:
281:
232:
188:
144:
135:
75:
12994:
4724:
Naturally
Occurring Organohalogen Compounds - A Comprehensive Update
4372:[Postscript of the editor concerning the new nomenclature].
3568:, which is produced from chlorine, is the active ingredient of most
2924:
2341:, and a few natural ones, contain halogen atoms; these are known as
10414:
10016:
8117:
7906:
7814:
7729:
7698:
7552:
7453:
7336:
7318:
7293:
7284:
7257:
7230:
7194:
7185:
7167:
7095:
7086:
6980:
6852:
6818:
6728:
6719:
6710:
6701:
6656:
6575:
6557:
6492:
5900:
5857:
4425:
3745:
3639:
3592:
3549:
3441:
3429:
3417:
2767:
2666:
2632:
2315:
2310:
1961:
1928:
1886:
1838:
1822:
1633:
1536:
1307:
1291:
1287:
1122:
1039:
1009:
858:
781:
690:
676:
660:
653:
632:
611:
583:
576:
562:
506:
499:
420:
318:
295:
225:
218:
211:
204:
172:
112:
98:
50:
3505:
and the United States. Until the 1950s, iodine was extracted from
2933:
Sublimation or boiling point (C) of halogens at various pressures
1980:
1947:
1825:
in sufficient quantities. This high reactivity is due to the high
12176:
11718:
7760:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7507:
7498:
7480:
7435:
7363:
7345:
7275:
7221:
7203:
7176:
7149:
7131:
7113:
7023:
6953:
6926:
6890:
6872:
6836:
6827:
6809:
6791:
6690:
6629:
6519:
6346:
5563:
4370:"Nachschreiben des Herausgebers, die neue Nomenclatur betreffend"
4075:
4067:
3990:
3735:
3727:
3699:
3514:
3460:
3421:
3382:
2699:
2589:
2583:
2561:
2358:
2338:
2335:
2013:
1994:
1602:
1552:
1485:
1435:
1377:
1315:
1295:
1069:
823:
816:
802:
767:
711:
697:
646:
604:
590:
569:
548:
534:
520:
450:
399:
378:
350:
336:
309:
302:
288:
274:
195:
151:
68:
4525:
3751:
Tennessine is purely man-made and has no other roles in nature.
2046:
1660:, meaning "unstable". Tennessine is named after the US state of
1598:. Davy's name for the element prevailed. However, in 1826, the
13652:
12996:
7787:
7399:
7327:
7212:
7140:
7050:
7032:
6998:
6962:
6944:
6773:
6764:
6755:
6647:
6600:
6566:
6548:
6503:
5374:
5008:
4845:
4488:(Corpora Halogenia). Desse utgöras af chlor, iod och fluor *)."
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
3715:
3664:
3604:
3518:
3502:
3479:
3452:
3425:
2733:
2572:
2550:
2456:
2406:
2353:
function by mediating the action of the inhibitory transmitter
2027:
1599:
1299:
1099:
739:
683:
597:
541:
471:
457:
434:
406:
392:
260:
253:
246:
165:
128:
105:
91:
59:
30:
This article is about the chemical series. For other uses, see
4879:"Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)"
4468:[Annual Report on Progress in Physics and Chemistry].
4300:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
3892:
ion is similar to an iodide ion or a bromide ion. The related
3440:
Approximately six million metric tons of the fluorine mineral
1656:, meaning "violet". Astatine's name comes from the Greek word
1511:, and named the element Alabamine, but was mistaken. In 1937,
7613:
7302:
7007:
6665:
6539:
5844:
4682:
4680:
3691:
3573:
3569:
3498:
3483:
3468:
2350:
1632:, meaning "to flow", because it was derived from the mineral
1625:
1527:
was also unsuccessful, as was an attempt in the same year by
1466:
1330:
1319:
667:
441:
179:
84:
1652:, meaning "stench". Iodine's name comes from the Greek word
7649:
7266:
7239:
6782:
6746:
6584:
5483:
4222:
3668:
3600:
3506:
3412:
2385:
2318:
gases. However, some interhalogens are liquids, such as BrF
2155:
1621:
1567:
1408:, an English chemist, ran a current of electricity through
1392:, while elemental halogens are dangerous and can be toxic.
1263:
1251:
1242:
1227:
1221:
639:
618:
267:
239:
119:
4677:
4101:(2017) . Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.).
1857:). Thus, fluorine must be handled with substances such as
1260:
1224:
6971:
6386:
3436:, and astatine and tennessine due to their radioactivity.
1677:
The halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are
1215:
413:
5154:
The
Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements
4841:"Standard Uncertainty and Relative Standard Uncertainty"
2184:
All the halogens are known to react with sodium to form
1620:
The
English names of these elements all have the ending
5469:
Ball, Philip (16 April 2005). "A New Kind of
Alchemy".
5316:
2322:, and many iodine-containing interhalogens are solids.
1531:, who discovered an iodine-like element resulting from
4392:
Halit-Geschlecht dieses Wort nicht fremd ist) von αλς
3766:
is also toxic, being able to penetrate skin and cause
2231:
However, when iron reacts with iodine, it forms only
2154:. Hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride are highly
1266:
1257:
1230:
5103:"How Much Do You Know About the Element Tennessine?"
4872:
4870:
4868:
4476:. Stockholm, Sweden: P.A. Norstedt & Söner: 187.
4382:On p. 251, Schweigger proposed the word "halogen":
1248:
1218:
5151:
3663:of cereals is 10 to 20 parts per million, while in
3432:could not be included in the image due to its high
1239:
1236:
1212:
1209:
4945:Slater, J. C. (1964). "Atomic Radii in Crystals".
4925:
4923:
4466:"Årsberättelser om Framstegen i Physik och Chemie"
3980:'s melting and boiling points are still uncertain.
3915:cluster is expected to behave chemically like the
3501:produces 30%, and smaller amounts are produced in
2365:. Organohalogens are also synthesized through the
5537:
4865:
4531:
2405:Fluorine reacts vigorously with water to produce
1388:. Organobromides are the most important class of
14370:
5379:I: Evidence for the Superhalogen Character of Al
5097:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5087:
3340:Chlorine has two stable and naturally occurring
3325:Fluorine has one stable and naturally occurring
1640:in metalworking. Chlorine's name comes from the
5287:
5285:
4981:
4920:
4756:"The Oxidising Ability of the Group 7 Elements"
4384:"Man sage dafür lieber mit richter Wortbildung
4306:"Synthesis of a new element with atomic number
3486:. Historically, bromine was produced by adding
2439:Chlorine has maximum solubility of ca. 7.1 g Cl
5433:
4852:National Institute of Standards and Technology
12980:
11702:
10000:
7890:
7665:
6362:
5579:
5477:
5368:
5084:
4877:Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2011).
3611:rather than silica glass to reduce breakage.
3355:There are two stable and naturally occurring
2392:(PFCs), as well as numerous other compounds.
1877:
1507:claimed to have discovered element 85 with a
5328:. World Health Organization. pp. 37–9.
5282:
4876:
4665:"Poison Facts:Low Chemicals: Hydrogen Iodid"
3362:There is one stable and naturally occurring
2372:
2278:Interhalogen compounds are in the form of XY
1360:that contains elements in three of the main
4934:(84th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
4929:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4062:
4060:
920:
12987:
12973:
11709:
11695:
10007:
9993:
7897:
7883:
7672:
7658:
6369:
6355:
5586:
5572:
5242:. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, UK.
4367:
4070:, and the value in brackets indicates the
3642:halogen groups are far less reactive than
2325:
1821:, and as such can be harmful or lethal to
5042:
4574:
4552:
4463:
4336:
4105:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3560:. Their reactivity is also put to use in
2267:
1562:In 2010, a team led by nuclear physicist
4938:
4537:
4504:The American Journal of Science and Arts
4411:
4057:
3411:
2923:
11717:Salts and covalent derivatives of the
7469:
5256:
4975:
4720:
2400:
2165:chemical, and is highly toxic, causing
1477:changed the element's name to bromine.
1461:Bromine was discovered in the 1820s by
14:
14371:
13020:
12995:Salts and covalent derivatives of the
11739:
10037:
10015:Salts and covalent derivatives of the
7926:
7905:Salts and covalent derivatives of the
7523:
7352:
7057:
5237:
5207:
5067:"Get Facts About the Element Astatine"
4944:
4686:
4275:
3544:Both chlorine and bromine are used as
2515:
1576:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1428:, and successfully isolated fluorine.
13988:
12968:
12660:
11690:
11337:
9988:
9520:
7878:
7653:
7577:
7541:
7532:
7442:
7424:
7415:
6350:
5567:
5145:
4932:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
4577:"THE ACIDITY OF THE HYDROGEN HALIDES"
4396:und dem alten γενειν (dorisch γενεν)
4097:
4066:The element does not have any stable
3404:, tennessine-293 and tennessine-294.
2937:
1322:nomenclature, this group is known as
1282:consisting of six chemically related
7586:
7514:
7487:
7460:
7120:
7102:
7075:
6906:
6897:
5468:
5462:
5291:
4555:"Assorted reactions of the halogens"
4454:In 1826, Berzelius coined the terms
1144:
7595:
7568:
7559:
7406:
7388:
7379:
7370:
7156:
7066:
7039:
6987:
6933:
6915:
6879:
6859:
6798:
6735:
6636:
6618:
6607:
6526:
6330:
5240:Medicinal Chemistry an Introduction
5002:
4690:Chemistry Of Interhalogen Compounds
4388:(da schon in der Mineralogie durch
4294:
2451:, a solution that can be used as a
2073:
24:
7550:
7451:
7334:
7316:
7291:
7282:
7255:
7228:
7183:
7165:
7093:
7084:
6978:
6850:
6816:
6726:
6708:
6699:
6679:
6654:
6376:
5593:
5531:
5262:
4510:: 248–276 ; see, for example
3997:. This uncertainty applies to the
3710:. Foods containing iodine include
3650:
3614:
2158:. Hydrogen fluoride is used as an
1667:
1469:. He originally proposed the name
1356:The group of halogens is the only
1121:
1031:
25:
14395:
7505:
7496:
7478:
7433:
7343:
7273:
7246:
7219:
7201:
7192:
7174:
7147:
7129:
7111:
7021:
6951:
6924:
6888:
6834:
6825:
6807:
6789:
6717:
6688:
6627:
6573:
6555:
6517:
6490:
4984:The Journal of Physical Chemistry
4779:. Resistoflex.com. Archived from
4777:"Solubility of chlorine in water"
4174:
1624:. Fluorine's name comes from the
1613:-like substance when they form a
1366:standard temperature and pressure
1061:
1001:
7854:Melting Point: ? 573–773 K
7397:
7361:
7325:
7210:
7138:
7048:
7030:
6960:
6942:
6870:
6771:
6762:
6753:
6598:
6501:
6329:
6318:
6317:
3972:This could also be the case for
3539:
3521:. Iodine is also extracted from
3400:. Tennessine has only two known
2173:
2150:All of the hydrogen halides are
2045:
2038:
2012:
2005:
1979:
1972:
1946:
1939:
1416:, a chemist in Paris, performed
1205:
1093:
1063:
1033:
1003:
7300:
7005:
6996:
6663:
6645:
6564:
6546:
5427:
5342:
5310:
5231:
5190:
5158:Springer Science+Business Media
5120:
5059:
4833:
4812:
4794:
4769:
4748:
4657:
4636:
4615:
4598:"Facts about hydrogen fluoride"
4590:
4568:
4516:
4493:
4448:
4405:
4361:
4048:
3983:
3815:
3690:occur in humans in some of the
3534:
3482:, and most of the remainder in
2065:resulting from more electrons.
1829:of the atoms due to their high
1689:Halogen bond energies (kJ/mol)
1333:, they produce a wide range of
1091:
7264:
7237:
6780:
6744:
6582:
6537:
5648:1 (Hydrogen and alkali metals)
5156:. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:
4693:. Discovery Publishing House.
4338:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502
4198:
4159:
4139:
4132:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
4119:
4103:English Pronouncing Dictionary
4091:
3966:
3552:and other potentially harmful
1566:involving scientists from the
1442:heated hydrochloric acid with
13:
1:
6969:
6190:Thermal expansion coefficient
5886:Lists of metalloids by source
4804:. bromaid.org. Archived from
4532:Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997
4374:Journal für Chemie und Physik
4085:
3407:
2143:, but hydrofluoric acid is a
1572:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1488:ash as part of a process for
1473:for the new element, but the
7856:Boiling Point: ? 823 K
7679:
5265:"Fluoride in Drinking-water"
2395:
2068:
1872:
1664:, where it was synthesized.
1590:In 1811, the German chemist
1585:
7:
5929:Platinum-group metals (PGM)
5632:By periodic table structure
5270:. World Health Organisation
4948:Journal of Chemical Physics
4368:Schweigger, J.S.C. (1811).
3922:
3754:
3579:
3556:through a process known as
3320:
2293:. All interhalogens except
1672:
10:
14400:
13993:
12662:
11339:
9525:
7858:Specific mass: ? g/cm
7709:Atomic Weight: 18.9984032
6868:
6697:
6616:
6535:
6499:
6401:
6074:Goldschmidt classification
5326:Fluoride in Drinking-water
5319:"Guidelines and standards"
4480:"De förre af dessa, d. ä.
3819:
2524:rather than observations.
2271:
2177:
2077:
1878:Diatomic halogen molecules
1395:
333:
201:
141:
81:
56:
29:
27:Group of chemical elements
13999:
13995:
13022:
13004:
11741:
11726:
10039:
10024:
9531:
9527:
7928:
7914:
7860:Electronegativity: ?
7798:Atomic Weight: 126.90447
7777:Specific mass: 3.122 g/cm
7687:
7611:
7311:
7016:
6845:
6674:
6593:
6512:
6485:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6396:
6391:
6384:
6312:
6274:
6207:
6087:
6044:
6005:
5996:
5921:
5899:
5876:
5843:
5833:
5811:
5741:
5653:2 (Alkaline earth metals)
5638:
5631:
5622:
5601:
5543:Chemistry of the Elements
5541:; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).
5174:10.1007/978-94-007-0211-0
4930:Lide, D. R., ed. (2003).
4464:Berzelius, Jacob (1826).
4152:Dictionary.com Unabridged
3934:Halogen addition reaction
3517:ores, which contain some
2498:O(l) → HBr(aq) + HBrO(aq)
2472:O(l) → HCl(aq) + HClO(aq)
2378:Polyhalogenated compounds
2373:Polyhalogenated compounds
1882:The stable halogens form
1795:
1775:
1755:
1725:
1480:Iodine was discovered by
1162:
988:
919:
44:
39:
7804:Specific mass: 4.93 g/cm
4899:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14
4822:. Hazard.com. 1998-04-21
4278:Nature's Building Blocks
3999:least significant figure
3959:
2915:2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7
2390:perfluorinated compounds
2367:nucleophilic abstraction
2063:London dispersion forces
1831:effective nuclear charge
1617:with an alkaline metal.
908:
32:Halogen (disambiguation)
14384:Groups (periodic table)
7827:Melting Point: 575.15 K
7806:Electronegativity: 2.66
7800:Melting Point: 386.65 K
7779:Electronegativity: 2.96
7773:Melting Point: 266.05 K
7752:Electronegativity: 3.16
7744:Boiling Point: 239.11 K
7742:Melting Point: 172.31 K
7721:Electronegativity: 3.98
6292:systematic element name
6264:in East Asian languages
5614:Extended periodic table
5506:10.1126/science.1105820
5405:10.1126/science.1093902
5292:Gray, Theodore (2010).
4802:"Properties of bromine"
4470:Arsb. Vetensk. Framsteg
4317:Physical Review Letters
3995:measurement uncertainty
3684:intellectual disability
3677:organobromine compounds
3597:incandescent lightbulbs
3402:synthetic radioisotopes
2326:Organohalogen compounds
1509:magneto-optical machine
1424:dissolved in anhydrous
7833:Electronegativity: 2.2
7802:Boiling Point: 475.4 K
7775:Boiling Point: 332.0 K
7771:Atomic Weight: 79.904
7740:Atomic Weight: 35.453
7713:Boiling Point: 85.03 K
7711:Melting Point: 53.63 K
6135:Electron configuration
6125:Electrical resistivity
6064:Electron configuration
5868:Post-transition metals
5456:10.1002/ange.201408648
4721:Gribble, G. W (2009).
4600:. 2005. Archived from
3688:Organoiodine compounds
3437:
3398:isotopes of tennessine
2929:
2848:No. of electrons/shell
2268:Interhalogen compounds
1636:, which was used as a
7831:Specific mass: 7 g/cm
5969:Transuranium elements
5547:Butterworth-Heinemann
5539:Greenwood, Norman N.
5015:Nature Communications
4687:Saxena, P. B (2007).
4276:Emsley, John (2011).
4074:of the longest-lived
3415:
2927:
1851:silicon tetrafluoride
1580:Vanderbilt University
1463:Antoine Jérôme Balard
1400:The fluorine mineral
1345:(common table salt),
974:(Europe, pattern A-B)
7829:Boiling Point: 610 K
6185:Thermal conductivity
6160:Heat of vaporization
5602:Periodic table forms
4808:on December 8, 2007.
3989:The number given in
3768:highly painful burns
3416:From left to right:
3396:There are no stable
3379:isotopes of astatine
3377:There are no stable
2904:2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7
2593:(g/cmat 25 °C)
2401:Reactions with water
1861:(which is itself an
1823:biological organisms
1817:Halogens are highly
1607:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
1440:Carl Wilhelm Scheele
1422:potassium bifluoride
1358:periodic table group
7850:Atomic Number: 117
6217:Element discoveries
5974:Superheavy elements
5934:Rare-earth elements
5498:2005Sci...307..231B
5448:2014AngCh.12614136G
5397:2004Sci...304...84B
5238:Thomas, G. (2000).
5166:2011tcot.book.....M
5132:www.webelements.com
5027:2013NatCo...4.1835R
4996:10.1021/j150609a021
4961:1964JChPh..41.3199S
4623:"Hydrogen chloride"
4458:(salt-formers) and
4329:2010PhRvL.104n2502O
3782:, a way to prevent
3566:Sodium hypochlorite
3357:isotopes of bromine
3348:, which occurs via
2934:
2516:Physical and atomic
1690:
958:(US, pattern A-B-A)
7823:Atomic Number: 85
7796:Atomic Number: 53
7769:Atomic Number: 35
7738:Atomic Number: 17
7693:
5356:on January 9, 2014
5219:Edison Tech Center
5215:"The Halogen Lamp"
5035:10.1038/ncomms2819
4644:"Hydrogen bromide"
4575:Jim Clark (2002).
4553:Jim Clark (2011).
4482:de electronegativa
4302:Oganessian, Yu.Ts.
4186:www.britannica.com
4135:. Merriam-Webster.
3780:water fluoridation
3776:skeletal fluorosis
3438:
2932:
2930:
2508:(KI), because the
2258:iron(III) chloride
2254:iron(III) fluoride
1688:
1494:potassium chloride
1181:element from decay
1174:primordial element
925:IUPAC group number
14366:
14365:
14361:
14360:
12962:
12961:
12956:
12955:
11684:
11683:
11678:
11677:
9982:
9981:
9977:
9976:
7872:
7871:
7867:
7866:
7861:
7834:
7807:
7780:
7753:
7749:
7722:
7718:
7707:Atomic Number: 9
7647:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7606:
7605:
6344:
6343:
6203:
6202:
6165:Ionization energy
6140:Electronegativity
6130:Electron affinity
6069:Electronegativity
6059:Crystal structure
6054:Aqueous chemistry
6031:Nuclear stability
6026:Atomic properties
5992:
5991:
5939:Refractory metals
5917:
5916:
5863:Transition metals
5829:
5828:
5556:978-0-08-037941-8
5436:Angewandte Chemie
5335:978-92-4-156319-2
5296:. Running Press.
5249:978-0-470-02597-0
5183:978-94-007-0210-3
5107:www.thoughtco.com
5071:www.thoughtco.com
4969:10.1063/1.1725697
4955:(10): 3199–3205.
4758:. Chemguide.co.uk
4460:Corpora Halogenia
4112:978-3-12-539683-8
3764:Hydrofluoric acid
3698:, as well as the
3694:, especially the
3589:incandescent lamp
3364:isotope of iodine
3318:
3317:
2922:
2921:
2832:
2831:
2609:ionization energy
2597:Electronegativity
2449:hypochlorous acid
2445:hydrochloric acid
2415:hydrogen fluoride
2361:hormones such as
2332:organic compounds
2262:iron(III) bromide
2133:hydrogen astatide
2121:hydrogen chloride
2117:hydrogen fluoride
2059:
2058:
1827:electronegativity
1815:
1814:
1592:Johann Schweigger
1498:Joseph Gay-Lussac
1444:manganese dioxide
1432:Hydrochloric acid
1426:hydrogen fluoride
1410:hydrofluoric acid
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1158:
1135:
1112:
1082:
1052:
1022:
983:
982:
975:
959:
901:
900:
627:Mercury (element)
16:(Redirected from
14391:
14332:
14331:
14330:
14318:
14317:
14316:
14303:
14302:
14301:
14141:
14140:
14139:
13820:
13819:
13818:
13799:
13790:
13775:
13774:
13773:
13665:
13664:
13007:
13006:
12989:
12982:
12975:
12966:
12965:
12499:
12498:
12497:
12218:
11730:
11729:
11711:
11704:
11697:
11688:
11687:
11634:
10028:
10027:
10009:
10002:
9995:
9986:
9985:
9963:
9953:
9921:
9920:
9919:
9446:
9445:
9444:
9431:
9430:
9429:
9184:
9183:
9182:
9169:
9168:
9167:
8795:
8794:
8793:
8766:
8765:
8764:
8693:
8483:
7917:
7916:
7899:
7892:
7885:
7876:
7875:
7852:Atomic Weight:
7849:
7825:Atomic Weight:
7822:
7795:
7768:
7747:
7737:
7716:
7706:
7690:
7689:
7674:
7667:
7660:
7651:
7650:
7616:
7615:
7602:
7600:
7593:
7591:
7584:
7582:
7575:
7573:
7566:
7564:
7557:
7555:
7548:
7546:
7539:
7537:
7530:
7528:
7521:
7519:
7512:
7510:
7503:
7501:
7494:
7492:
7485:
7483:
7476:
7474:
7467:
7465:
7458:
7456:
7449:
7447:
7440:
7438:
7431:
7429:
7422:
7420:
7413:
7411:
7404:
7402:
7395:
7393:
7386:
7384:
7377:
7375:
7368:
7366:
7359:
7357:
7350:
7348:
7341:
7339:
7332:
7330:
7323:
7321:
7307:
7305:
7298:
7296:
7289:
7287:
7280:
7278:
7271:
7269:
7262:
7260:
7253:
7251:
7244:
7242:
7235:
7233:
7226:
7224:
7217:
7215:
7208:
7206:
7199:
7197:
7190:
7188:
7181:
7179:
7172:
7170:
7163:
7161:
7154:
7152:
7145:
7143:
7136:
7134:
7127:
7125:
7118:
7116:
7109:
7107:
7100:
7098:
7091:
7089:
7082:
7080:
7073:
7071:
7064:
7062:
7055:
7053:
7046:
7044:
7037:
7035:
7028:
7026:
7012:
7010:
7003:
7001:
6994:
6992:
6985:
6983:
6976:
6974:
6967:
6965:
6958:
6956:
6949:
6947:
6940:
6938:
6931:
6929:
6922:
6920:
6913:
6911:
6904:
6902:
6895:
6893:
6886:
6884:
6877:
6875:
6866:
6864:
6857:
6855:
6841:
6839:
6832:
6830:
6823:
6821:
6814:
6812:
6805:
6803:
6796:
6794:
6787:
6785:
6778:
6776:
6769:
6767:
6760:
6758:
6751:
6749:
6742:
6740:
6733:
6731:
6724:
6722:
6715:
6713:
6706:
6704:
6695:
6693:
6686:
6684:
6670:
6668:
6661:
6659:
6652:
6650:
6643:
6641:
6634:
6632:
6625:
6623:
6614:
6612:
6605:
6603:
6589:
6587:
6580:
6578:
6571:
6569:
6562:
6560:
6553:
6551:
6544:
6542:
6533:
6531:
6524:
6522:
6508:
6506:
6497:
6495:
6387:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6348:
6347:
6333:
6332:
6321:
6320:
6304:Dmitri Mendeleev
6232:1869 predictions
6222:Dmitri Mendeleev
6003:
6002:
5841:
5840:
5821:Aufbau principle
5733:18 (Noble gases)
5636:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5624:Sets of elements
5588:
5581:
5574:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5545:(2nd ed.).
5526:
5525:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5323:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5289:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5269:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5099:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5046:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4927:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4887:Pure Appl. Chem.
4883:
4874:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4684:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4550:
4535:
4529:
4523:
4520:
4514:
4497:
4491:
4477:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4409:
4403:
4381:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4340:
4312:
4310:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4273:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4178:
4172:
4166:Fricke, Burkhard
4163:
4157:
4156:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4095:
4079:
4064:
4055:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4008:
4006:
3987:
3981:
3970:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3903:
3902:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3880:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3772:dental fluorosis
3335:protactinium-231
2935:
2931:
2893:2, 8, 18, 18, 7
2834:
2833:
2527:
2526:
2506:potassium iodide
2499:
2483:hypobromous acid
2479:hydrogen bromide
2473:
2435:
2301:
2292:
2288:
2248:
2227:
2210:
2125:hydrogen bromide
2086:hydrogen halides
2080:Hydrogen halides
2074:Hydrogen halides
2049:
2042:
2016:
2009:
1983:
1976:
1950:
1943:
1895:
1894:
1691:
1687:
1551:, who bombarded
1484:, who was using
1482:Bernard Courtois
1390:flame retardants
1362:states of matter
1351:potassium iodide
1339:calcium fluoride
1318:. In the modern
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1170:
1169:
1154:
1152:
1131:
1129:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1018:
1016:
1007:
973:
970:old IUPAC number
957:
954:CAS group number
939:
921:
910:
896:
889:
882:
875:
868:
861:
854:
847:
840:
833:
826:
819:
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
721:
714:
707:
700:
693:
686:
679:
670:
663:
656:
649:
642:
635:
628:
621:
614:
607:
600:
593:
586:
579:
572:
565:
558:
551:
544:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
502:
495:
488:
481:
474:
467:
460:
453:
444:
437:
430:
423:
416:
409:
402:
395:
388:
381:
374:
367:
360:
353:
346:
339:
328:
321:
312:
305:
298:
291:
284:
277:
270:
263:
256:
249:
242:
235:
228:
221:
214:
207:
198:
191:
182:
175:
168:
161:
154:
147:
138:
131:
122:
115:
108:
101:
94:
87:
78:
71:
62:
53:
47:
46:
37:
36:
21:
14399:
14398:
14394:
14393:
14392:
14390:
14389:
14388:
14369:
14368:
14367:
14362:
14347:
14342:
14340:
14329:
14326:
14325:
14324:
14322:
14320:
14315:
14312:
14311:
14310:
14308:
14300:
14297:
14296:
14295:
14293:
14288:
14280:
14275:
14273:
14265:
14257:
14249:
14244:
14242:
14234:
14229:
14227:
14219:
14214:
14212:
14207:
14205:
14197:
14187:
14182:
14180:
14172:
14167:
14165:
14157:
14149:
14138:
14135:
14134:
14133:
14131:
14129:
14127:
14119:
14111:
14106:
14104:
14096:
14091:
14089:
14081:
14076:
14074:
14066:
14058:
14053:
14051:
14043:
14038:
14036:
14028:
14023:
14021:
14013:
14008:
14006:
13932:
13911:
13906:
13904:
13896:
13888:
13880:
13875:
13868:
13863:
13861:
13857:
13848:
13842:
13835:
13830:
13828:
13817:
13814:
13813:
13812:
13810:
13808:
13806:
13797:
13792:
13791:
13788:
13783:
13782:
13772:
13769:
13768:
13767:
13765:
13763:
13761:
13753:
13748:
13746:
13741:
13739:
13731:
13726:
13724:
13716:
13711:
13709:
13701:
13690:
13682:
13677:
13663:
13660:
13659:
13658:
13655:
13646:
13644:
13634:
13632:
13624:
13619:
13617:
13609:
13604:
13597:
13589:
13582:
13574:
13566:
13558:
13550:
13545:
13543:
13535:
13530:
13528:
13520:
13515:
13513:
13508:
13506:
13498:
13488:
13480:
13475:
13463:
13458:
13446:
13444:
13440:
13435:
13433:
13423:
13421:
13416:
13414:
13406:
13401:
13394:
13379:
13377:
13369:
13361:
13356:
13354:
13346:
13338:
13333:
13331:
13326:
13324:
13316:
13311:
13309:
13301:
13296:
13294:
13289:
13287:
13279:
13269:
13251:
13246:
13239:
13235:
13226:
13220:
13216:
13214:
13210:
13205:
13203:
13195:
13187:
13182:
13175:
13157:
13152:
13150:
13145:
13143:
13138:
13131:
13127:
13122:
13120:
13116:
13111:
13109:
13105:
13100:
13098:
13094:
13084:
13081:
13076:
13074:
13064:
13062:
13054:
13049:
13047:
13039:
13013:
13000:
12993:
12963:
12958:
12957:
12942:
12937:
12935:
12927:
12919:
12911:
12903:
12898:
12896:
12888:
12880:
12875:
12873:
12865:
12860:
12858:
12850:
12845:
12843:
12835:
12827:
12814:
12809:
12807:
12799:
12794:
12792:
12784:
12776:
12768:
12760:
12752:
12744:
12739:
12737:
12729:
12724:
12722:
12714:
12706:
12701:
12699:
12691:
12683:
12675:
12604:
12581:
12576:
12574:
12566:
12558:
12545:
12540:
12538:
12534:
12526:
12521:
12514:
12509:
12507:
12496:
12493:
12492:
12491:
12489:
12487:
12485:
12477:
12472:
12470:
12462:
12454:
12449:
12447:
12439:
12431:
12423:
12412:
12397:
12389:
12384:
12375:
12373:
12368:
12365:
12355:
12351:
12349:
12341:
12336:
12334:
12326:
12321:
12314:
12301:
12293:
12285:
12277:
12272:
12270:
12262:
12257:
12255:
12250:
12248:
12240:
12232:
12227:
12225:
12220:
12217:
12213:
12208:
12198:
12180:
12172:
12167:
12165:
12157:
12152:
12148:
12146:
12138:
12133:
12131:
12123:
12115:
12107:
12102:
12095:
12090:
12088:
12080:
12072:
12067:
12065:
12057:
12049:
12044:
12042:
12037:
12035:
12027:
12022:
12020:
12012:
12007:
12005:
12000:
11998:
11990:
11981:
11979:
11956:
11951:
11949:
11945:
11935:
11933:
11928:
11926:
11921:
11919:
11911:
11903:
11898:
11891:
11873:
11868:
11866:
11861:
11854:
11850:
11845:
11843:
11839:
11834:
11832:
11827:
11824:
11814:
11810:
11807:
11802:
11800:
11795:
11793:
11783:
11781:
11773:
11768:
11766:
11758:
11722:
11715:
11685:
11680:
11679:
11673:
11665:
11657:
11649:
11644:
11642:
11633:
11629:
11627:
11625:
11617:
11609:
11601:
11596:
11594:
11586:
11578:
11570:
11565:
11563:
11558:
11556:
11551:
11549:
11541:
11536:
11534:
11526:
11521:
11519:
11511:
11498:
11493:
11491:
11483:
11478:
11476:
11468:
11460:
11452:
11447:
11445:
11437:
11429:
11421:
11416:
11414:
11406:
11401:
11399:
11391:
11383:
11378:
11376:
11368:
11360:
11352:
11298:
11290:
11286:
11278:
11270:
11262:
11251:
11228:
11223:
11221:
11213:
11205:
11200:
11198:
11190:
11185:
11178:
11173:
11171:
11167:
11159:
11154:
11152:
11147:
11140:
11135:
11133:
11125:
11120:
11118:
11113:
11111:
11103:
11098:
11096:
11091:
11089:
11084:
11082:
11074:
11069:
11067:
11062:
11060:
11055:
11053:
11045:
11040:
11038:
11033:
11031:
11026:
11024:
11019:
11017:
11009:
11004:
11002:
10997:
10995:
10987:
10979:
10968:
10953:
10948:
10946:
10941:
10934:
10929:
10922:
10917:
10915:
10910:
10908:
10904:
10896:
10891:
10889:
10881:
10876:
10874:
10866:
10861:
10859:
10854:
10847:
10834:
10826:
10818:
10813:
10811:
10806:
10804:
10796:
10791:
10789:
10781:
10776:
10774:
10769:
10767:
10762:
10760:
10755:
10753:
10745:
10740:
10738:
10733:
10731:
10723:
10718:
10716:
10711:
10709:
10701:
10691:
10668:
10663:
10661:
10656:
10654:
10650:
10640:
10638:
10633:
10631:
10623:
10618:
10616:
10608:
10603:
10596:
10588:
10583:
10576:
10568:
10563:
10561:
10553:
10548:
10546:
10538:
10533:
10531:
10523:
10518:
10516:
10511:
10509:
10501:
10496:
10494:
10489:
10487:
10482:
10480:
10472:
10467:
10465:
10460:
10458:
10450:
10440:
10435:
10418:
10410:
10405:
10403:
10398:
10396:
10391:
10389:
10385:
10375:
10373:
10368:
10366:
10361:
10359:
10355:
10347:
10342:
10340:
10336:
10331:
10329:
10325:
10317:
10312:
10305:
10287:
10282:
10280:
10275:
10266:
10264:
10259:
10257:
10253:
10248:
10246:
10242:
10237:
10235:
10231:
10226:
10224:
10219:
10215:
10213:
10209:
10204:
10201:
10196:
10194:
10190:
10182:
10177:
10173:
10171:
10166:
10164:
10156:
10151:
10147:
10145:
10140:
10138:
10134:
10129:
10127:
10123:
10118:
10116:
10112:
10104:
10099:
10097:
10093:
10088:
10086:
10081:
10079:
10075:
10070:
10068:
10064:
10056:
10020:
10013:
9983:
9978:
9962:
9958:
9955:
9952:
9948:
9946:
9944:
9936:
9931:
9929:
9918:
9915:
9914:
9913:
9911:
9909:
9907:
9899:
9893:
9891:
9886:
9884:
9876:
9870:
9868:
9863:
9861:
9856:
9854:
9846:
9841:
9839:
9834:
9832:
9827:
9825:
9817:
9812:
9810:
9805:
9803:
9798:
9796:
9788:
9783:
9781:
9776:
9774:
9769:
9767:
9759:
9754:
9752:
9744:
9739:
9737:
9729:
9719:
9714:
9712:
9704:
9699:
9697:
9689:
9681:
9673:
9668:
9666:
9661:
9659:
9651:
9646:
9644:
9636:
9628:
9623:
9621:
9613:
9608:
9606:
9598:
9590:
9585:
9583:
9578:
9576:
9568:
9563:
9561:
9553:
9548:
9546:
9538:
9470:
9459:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9428:
9425:
9424:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9408:
9402:
9400:
9394:
9387:
9382:
9380:
9375:
9373:
9364:
9359:
9357:
9349:
9344:
9342:
9334:
9329:
9322:
9316:
9314:
9309:
9307:
9303:
9295:
9291:
9286:
9284:
9278:
9276:
9272:
9267:
9265:
9260:
9253:
9248:
9246:
9241:
9239:
9234:
9230:
9228:
9220:
9215:
9213:
9208:
9206:
9201:
9199:
9194:
9192:
9181:
9178:
9177:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9149:
9147:
9142:
9140:
9132:
9127:
9125:
9120:
9118:
9113:
9111:
9103:
9098:
9096:
9091:
9089:
9081:
9073:
9065:
9054:
9039:
9033:
9031:
9026:
9024:
9019:
9017:
9009:
9004:
9002:
8997:
8995:
8990:
8988:
8983:
8976:
8971:
8969:
8964:
8962:
8958:
8952:
8950:
8942:
8937:
8935:
8927:
8922:
8920:
8912:
8907:
8900:
8892:
8887:
8885:
8880:
8876:
8873:
8865:
8859:
8857:
8852:
8848:
8846:
8838:
8833:
8831:
8826:
8824:
8819:
8817:
8809:
8804:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8789:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8760:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8754:
8752:
8744:
8739:
8737:
8732:
8730:
8722:
8717:
8715:
8707:
8702:
8700:
8695:
8692:
8688:
8683:
8673:
8668:
8654:
8648:
8646:
8640:
8638:
8630:
8625:
8623:
8618:
8611:
8606:
8604:
8599:
8597:
8592:
8590:
8586:
8578:
8573:
8571:
8563:
8558:
8556:
8548:
8543:
8541:
8533:
8525:
8519:
8517:
8512:
8505:
8500:
8498:
8493:
8491:
8482:
8478:
8476:
8474:
8469:
8467:
8459:
8454:
8452:
8447:
8445:
8437:
8431:
8429:
8424:
8422:
8417:
8415:
8407:
8401:
8399:
8394:
8392:
8387:
8385:
8380:
8378:
8370:
8365:
8363:
8358:
8356:
8351:
8349:
8341:
8336:
8334:
8329:
8327:
8319:
8309:
8304:
8290:
8284:
8282:
8273:
8268:
8266:
8261:
8254:
8249:
8247:
8242:
8240:
8236:
8231:
8229:
8224:
8222:
8217:
8215:
8211:
8206:
8204:
8199:
8197:
8193:
8185:
8180:
8178:
8173:
8171:
8167:
8159:
8151:
8146:
8139:
8121:
8114:
8110:
8108:
8104:
8099:
8097:
8093:
8088:
8084:
8082:
8078:
8073:
8071:
8063:
8057:
8055:
8050:
8048:
8044:
8039:
8035:
8033:
8029:
8024:
8022:
8017:
8015:
8007:
8002:
8000:
7996:
7991:
7989:
7981:
7976:
7974:
7970:
7965:
7963:
7958:
7951:
7936:
7910:
7903:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7844:
7836:
7832:
7830:
7828:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7817:
7809:
7805:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7790:
7782:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7763:
7755:
7751:
7746:Specific mass:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7732:
7724:
7720:
7715:Specific mass:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7701:
7683:
7678:
7648:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7607:
7598:
7596:
7589:
7587:
7580:
7578:
7571:
7569:
7562:
7560:
7553:
7551:
7544:
7542:
7535:
7533:
7526:
7524:
7517:
7515:
7508:
7506:
7499:
7497:
7490:
7488:
7481:
7479:
7472:
7470:
7463:
7461:
7454:
7452:
7445:
7443:
7436:
7434:
7427:
7425:
7418:
7416:
7409:
7407:
7400:
7398:
7391:
7389:
7382:
7380:
7373:
7371:
7364:
7362:
7355:
7353:
7346:
7344:
7337:
7335:
7328:
7326:
7319:
7317:
7303:
7301:
7294:
7292:
7285:
7283:
7276:
7274:
7267:
7265:
7258:
7256:
7249:
7247:
7240:
7238:
7231:
7229:
7222:
7220:
7213:
7211:
7204:
7202:
7195:
7193:
7186:
7184:
7177:
7175:
7168:
7166:
7159:
7157:
7150:
7148:
7141:
7139:
7132:
7130:
7123:
7121:
7114:
7112:
7105:
7103:
7096:
7094:
7087:
7085:
7078:
7076:
7069:
7067:
7060:
7058:
7051:
7049:
7042:
7040:
7033:
7031:
7024:
7022:
7008:
7006:
6999:
6997:
6990:
6988:
6981:
6979:
6972:
6970:
6963:
6961:
6954:
6952:
6945:
6943:
6936:
6934:
6927:
6925:
6918:
6916:
6909:
6907:
6900:
6898:
6891:
6889:
6882:
6880:
6873:
6871:
6862:
6860:
6853:
6851:
6837:
6835:
6828:
6826:
6819:
6817:
6810:
6808:
6801:
6799:
6792:
6790:
6783:
6781:
6774:
6772:
6765:
6763:
6756:
6754:
6747:
6745:
6738:
6736:
6729:
6727:
6720:
6718:
6711:
6709:
6702:
6700:
6691:
6689:
6682:
6680:
6666:
6664:
6657:
6655:
6648:
6646:
6639:
6637:
6630:
6628:
6621:
6619:
6610:
6608:
6601:
6599:
6585:
6583:
6576:
6574:
6567:
6565:
6558:
6556:
6549:
6547:
6540:
6538:
6529:
6527:
6520:
6518:
6504:
6502:
6493:
6491:
6380:
6375:
6345:
6340:
6308:
6270:
6199:
6175:Oxidation state
6083:
6040:
5988:
5984:Minor actinides
5979:Major actinides
5944:Precious metals
5913:
5895:
5872:
5825:
5807:
5737:
5723:16 (Chalcogens)
5718:15 (Pnictogens)
5618:
5597:
5592:
5557:
5534:
5532:Further reading
5529:
5492:(5707): 231–5.
5482:
5478:
5467:
5463:
5432:
5428:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5336:
5321:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5290:
5283:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5236:
5232:
5223:
5221:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5184:
5150:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5109:
5101:
5100:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5007:
5003:
4980:
4976:
4943:
4939:
4928:
4921:
4911:
4909:
4881:
4875:
4866:
4856:
4854:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4825:
4823:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4786:
4784:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4761:
4759:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4719:
4715:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4685:
4678:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4607:
4605:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4581:
4579:
4573:
4569:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4538:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4498:
4494:
4453:
4449:
4410:
4406:
4366:
4362:
4308:
4307:
4299:
4295:
4288:
4274:
4223:
4214:
4212:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4190:
4188:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4164:
4160:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4113:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4078:of the element.
4065:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4002:
3988:
3984:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3925:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3818:
3757:
3732:sunflower seeds
3653:
3651:Biological role
3629:lipid membranes
3617:
3615:Drug components
3582:
3542:
3537:
3446:phosphoric acid
3410:
3323:
3169:
3163:
3157:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2622:
2620:Covalent radius
2611:
2599:
2592:
2581:
2570:
2559:
2548:
2537:
2522:periodic trends
2518:
2512:ion is formed.
2497:
2493:
2489:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2442:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2398:
2375:
2347:organic halides
2330:Many synthetic
2328:
2321:
2308:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2233:iron(II) iodide
2226:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2204:
2190:sodium chloride
2186:sodium fluoride
2182:
2176:
2167:pulmonary edema
2129:hydrogen iodide
2099:
2095:
2082:
2076:
2071:
2035:
2002:
1969:
1936:
1922:
1914:
1880:
1875:
1856:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1700:
1684:
1675:
1670:
1668:Characteristics
1588:
1564:Yuri Oganessian
1557:alpha particles
1549:Emilio G. Segrè
1521:Yvette Cauchois
1398:
1343:sodium chloride
1256:
1247:
1235:
1208:
1204:
1163:
1150:
1149:
1127:
1126:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1014:
1013:
1008:
984:
976:
972:
960:
956:
937:
934:Name by element
915:
902:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
831:
824:
817:
810:
803:
796:
789:
782:
775:
768:
761:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
698:
691:
684:
677:
668:
661:
654:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
591:
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
549:
542:
535:
528:
521:
514:
507:
500:
493:
486:
479:
472:
465:
458:
451:
442:
435:
428:
421:
414:
407:
400:
393:
386:
379:
372:
365:
358:
351:
344:
337:
326:
319:
310:
303:
296:
289:
282:
275:
268:
261:
254:
247:
240:
233:
226:
219:
212:
205:
196:
189:
180:
173:
166:
159:
152:
145:
136:
129:
120:
113:
106:
99:
92:
85:
76:
69:
60:
51:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14397:
14387:
14386:
14381:
14364:
14363:
14359:
14358:
14355:
14352:
14349:
14345:
14338:
14334:
14327:
14313:
14305:
14298:
14290:
14286:
14282:
14278:
14271:
14267:
14263:
14259:
14255:
14251:
14247:
14240:
14236:
14232:
14225:
14221:
14217:
14210:
14203:
14199:
14195:
14190:
14189:
14185:
14178:
14174:
14170:
14163:
14159:
14155:
14151:
14147:
14143:
14136:
14125:
14121:
14117:
14113:
14109:
14102:
14098:
14094:
14087:
14083:
14079:
14072:
14068:
14064:
14060:
14056:
14049:
14045:
14041:
14034:
14030:
14026:
14019:
14015:
14011:
14004:
14000:
13997:
13996:
13994:
13992:
13989:
13986:
13985:
13982:
13979:
13976:
13973:
13970:
13967:
13964:
13961:
13958:
13955:
13952:
13949:
13946:
13943:
13940:
13937:
13934:
13930:
13926:
13922:
13921:
13918:
13913:
13909:
13902:
13898:
13894:
13890:
13886:
13882:
13878:
13870:
13866:
13859:
13855:
13851:
13846:
13837:
13833:
13826:
13822:
13815:
13804:
13800:
13795:
13786:
13777:
13770:
13759:
13755:
13751:
13744:
13737:
13733:
13729:
13722:
13718:
13714:
13707:
13703:
13699:
13695:
13692:
13688:
13684:
13680:
13671:
13670:
13667:
13661:
13650:
13642:
13638:
13630:
13626:
13622:
13615:
13611:
13607:
13599:
13595:
13591:
13588:
13584:
13580:
13576:
13572:
13568:
13564:
13560:
13556:
13552:
13548:
13541:
13537:
13533:
13526:
13522:
13518:
13511:
13504:
13500:
13496:
13492:
13490:
13486:
13482:
13478:
13469:
13468:
13465:
13461:
13453:
13450:
13442:
13438:
13431:
13427:
13419:
13412:
13408:
13404:
13396:
13392:
13388:
13383:
13375:
13371:
13367:
13363:
13359:
13352:
13348:
13344:
13340:
13336:
13329:
13322:
13318:
13314:
13307:
13303:
13299:
13292:
13285:
13281:
13277:
13273:
13271:
13267:
13263:
13257:
13256:
13253:
13249:
13241:
13237:
13233:
13229:
13224:
13212:
13208:
13201:
13197:
13193:
13189:
13185:
13177:
13173:
13169:
13163:
13162:
13159:
13155:
13148:
13141:
13133:
13129:
13125:
13118:
13114:
13107:
13103:
13096:
13092:
13088:
13079:
13072:
13068:
13060:
13056:
13052:
13045:
13041:
13037:
13033:
13027:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13019:
13017:
13005:
13002:
13001:
12992:
12991:
12984:
12977:
12969:
12960:
12959:
12954:
12953:
12950:
12947:
12944:
12940:
12933:
12929:
12925:
12921:
12917:
12913:
12909:
12905:
12901:
12894:
12890:
12886:
12882:
12878:
12871:
12867:
12863:
12856:
12852:
12848:
12841:
12837:
12833:
12829:
12825:
12821:
12817:
12816:
12812:
12805:
12801:
12797:
12790:
12786:
12782:
12778:
12774:
12770:
12766:
12762:
12758:
12754:
12750:
12746:
12742:
12735:
12731:
12727:
12720:
12716:
12712:
12708:
12704:
12697:
12693:
12689:
12685:
12681:
12677:
12673:
12669:
12665:
12664:
12661:
12658:
12657:
12654:
12651:
12648:
12645:
12642:
12639:
12636:
12633:
12630:
12627:
12624:
12621:
12618:
12615:
12612:
12609:
12606:
12602:
12598:
12592:
12591:
12588:
12583:
12579:
12572:
12568:
12564:
12560:
12556:
12552:
12547:
12543:
12536:
12532:
12528:
12524:
12516:
12512:
12505:
12501:
12494:
12483:
12479:
12475:
12468:
12464:
12460:
12456:
12452:
12445:
12441:
12437:
12433:
12429:
12425:
12421:
12417:
12414:
12410:
12406:
12400:
12399:
12395:
12391:
12387:
12379:
12371:
12363:
12359:
12347:
12343:
12339:
12332:
12328:
12324:
12316:
12312:
12308:
12303:
12299:
12295:
12291:
12287:
12283:
12279:
12275:
12268:
12264:
12260:
12253:
12246:
12242:
12238:
12234:
12230:
12223:
12215:
12210:
12206:
12202:
12200:
12196:
12192:
12186:
12185:
12182:
12178:
12174:
12170:
12163:
12159:
12155:
12144:
12140:
12136:
12129:
12125:
12121:
12117:
12113:
12109:
12105:
12097:
12093:
12086:
12082:
12078:
12074:
12070:
12063:
12059:
12055:
12051:
12047:
12040:
12033:
12029:
12025:
12018:
12014:
12010:
12003:
11996:
11992:
11988:
11984:
11982:
11977:
11973:
11967:
11966:
11963:
11958:
11954:
11947:
11943:
11939:
11931:
11924:
11917:
11913:
11909:
11905:
11901:
11893:
11889:
11885:
11879:
11878:
11875:
11871:
11864:
11856:
11852:
11848:
11841:
11837:
11830:
11822:
11818:
11805:
11798:
11791:
11787:
11779:
11775:
11771:
11764:
11760:
11756:
11752:
11746:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11738:
11736:
11728:
11727:
11724:
11723:
11714:
11713:
11706:
11699:
11691:
11682:
11681:
11676:
11675:
11671:
11667:
11663:
11659:
11655:
11651:
11647:
11640:
11636:
11631:
11623:
11619:
11615:
11611:
11607:
11603:
11599:
11592:
11588:
11584:
11580:
11576:
11572:
11568:
11561:
11554:
11547:
11543:
11539:
11532:
11528:
11524:
11517:
11513:
11509:
11505:
11501:
11500:
11496:
11489:
11485:
11481:
11474:
11470:
11466:
11462:
11458:
11454:
11450:
11443:
11439:
11435:
11431:
11427:
11423:
11419:
11412:
11408:
11404:
11397:
11393:
11389:
11385:
11381:
11374:
11370:
11366:
11362:
11358:
11354:
11350:
11346:
11342:
11341:
11338:
11335:
11334:
11331:
11328:
11325:
11322:
11319:
11316:
11313:
11310:
11307:
11304:
11301:
11296:
11292:
11288:
11284:
11280:
11276:
11272:
11268:
11264:
11260:
11256:
11253:
11249:
11245:
11239:
11238:
11235:
11230:
11226:
11219:
11215:
11211:
11207:
11203:
11196:
11192:
11188:
11180:
11176:
11169:
11165:
11161:
11157:
11150:
11142:
11138:
11131:
11127:
11123:
11116:
11109:
11105:
11101:
11094:
11087:
11080:
11076:
11072:
11065:
11058:
11051:
11047:
11043:
11036:
11029:
11022:
11015:
11011:
11007:
11000:
10993:
10989:
10985:
10981:
10977:
10973:
10970:
10966:
10962:
10956:
10955:
10951:
10944:
10936:
10932:
10924:
10920:
10913:
10906:
10902:
10898:
10894:
10887:
10883:
10879:
10872:
10868:
10864:
10857:
10849:
10845:
10841:
10836:
10832:
10828:
10824:
10820:
10816:
10809:
10802:
10798:
10794:
10787:
10783:
10779:
10772:
10765:
10758:
10751:
10747:
10743:
10736:
10729:
10725:
10721:
10714:
10707:
10703:
10699:
10695:
10693:
10689:
10685:
10679:
10678:
10675:
10670:
10666:
10659:
10652:
10648:
10644:
10636:
10629:
10625:
10621:
10614:
10610:
10606:
10598:
10594:
10590:
10586:
10578:
10574:
10570:
10566:
10559:
10555:
10551:
10544:
10540:
10536:
10529:
10525:
10521:
10514:
10507:
10503:
10499:
10492:
10485:
10478:
10474:
10470:
10463:
10456:
10452:
10448:
10444:
10442:
10438:
10430:
10424:
10423:
10420:
10416:
10412:
10408:
10401:
10394:
10387:
10383:
10379:
10371:
10364:
10357:
10353:
10349:
10345:
10338:
10334:
10327:
10323:
10319:
10315:
10307:
10303:
10299:
10293:
10292:
10289:
10285:
10278:
10270:
10262:
10255:
10251:
10244:
10240:
10233:
10229:
10222:
10211:
10207:
10199:
10192:
10188:
10184:
10180:
10169:
10162:
10158:
10154:
10143:
10136:
10132:
10125:
10121:
10114:
10110:
10106:
10102:
10095:
10091:
10084:
10077:
10073:
10066:
10062:
10058:
10054:
10050:
10044:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10036:
10034:
10026:
10025:
10022:
10021:
10012:
10011:
10004:
9997:
9989:
9980:
9979:
9975:
9974:
9971:
9968:
9965:
9960:
9950:
9942:
9938:
9934:
9927:
9923:
9916:
9905:
9901:
9897:
9889:
9882:
9878:
9874:
9866:
9859:
9852:
9848:
9844:
9837:
9830:
9823:
9819:
9815:
9808:
9801:
9794:
9790:
9786:
9779:
9772:
9765:
9761:
9757:
9750:
9746:
9742:
9735:
9731:
9727:
9722:
9721:
9717:
9710:
9706:
9702:
9695:
9691:
9687:
9683:
9679:
9675:
9671:
9664:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9642:
9638:
9634:
9630:
9626:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9604:
9600:
9596:
9592:
9588:
9581:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9559:
9555:
9551:
9544:
9540:
9536:
9532:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9518:
9517:
9514:
9511:
9508:
9505:
9502:
9499:
9496:
9493:
9490:
9487:
9484:
9481:
9478:
9475:
9472:
9468:
9464:
9461:
9457:
9453:
9449:
9448:
9441:
9426:
9414:
9410:
9406:
9398:
9389:
9385:
9378:
9371:
9366:
9362:
9355:
9351:
9347:
9340:
9336:
9332:
9324:
9320:
9312:
9305:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9289:
9282:
9274:
9270:
9263:
9255:
9251:
9244:
9237:
9226:
9222:
9218:
9211:
9204:
9197:
9190:
9186:
9179:
9164:
9152:
9145:
9138:
9134:
9130:
9123:
9116:
9109:
9105:
9101:
9094:
9087:
9083:
9079:
9075:
9071:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9056:
9052:
9048:
9042:
9041:
9037:
9029:
9022:
9015:
9011:
9007:
9000:
8993:
8986:
8978:
8974:
8967:
8960:
8956:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8933:
8929:
8925:
8918:
8914:
8910:
8902:
8898:
8894:
8890:
8883:
8871:
8867:
8863:
8855:
8844:
8840:
8836:
8829:
8822:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8800:
8790:
8779:
8775:
8771:
8761:
8750:
8746:
8742:
8735:
8728:
8724:
8720:
8713:
8709:
8705:
8698:
8690:
8685:
8681:
8677:
8675:
8671:
8663:
8657:
8656:
8652:
8644:
8636:
8632:
8628:
8621:
8613:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8588:
8584:
8580:
8576:
8569:
8565:
8561:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8515:
8507:
8503:
8496:
8489:
8485:
8480:
8472:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8450:
8443:
8439:
8435:
8427:
8420:
8413:
8409:
8405:
8397:
8390:
8383:
8376:
8372:
8368:
8361:
8354:
8347:
8343:
8339:
8332:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8311:
8307:
8299:
8293:
8292:
8288:
8280:
8275:
8271:
8264:
8256:
8252:
8245:
8238:
8234:
8227:
8220:
8213:
8209:
8202:
8195:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8176:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8127:
8126:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8112:
8106:
8102:
8095:
8091:
8080:
8076:
8069:
8065:
8061:
8053:
8046:
8042:
8031:
8027:
8020:
8013:
8009:
8005:
7998:
7994:
7987:
7983:
7979:
7972:
7968:
7961:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7939:
7938:
7934:
7929:
7927:
7925:
7923:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7902:
7901:
7894:
7887:
7879:
7870:
7869:
7865:
7864:
7839:
7837:
7812:
7810:
7785:
7783:
7758:
7756:
7727:
7725:
7696:
7694:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7677:
7676:
7669:
7662:
7654:
7645:
7644:
7638:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7608:
7604:
7603:
7594:
7585:
7576:
7567:
7558:
7549:
7540:
7531:
7522:
7513:
7504:
7495:
7486:
7477:
7468:
7459:
7450:
7441:
7432:
7423:
7414:
7405:
7396:
7387:
7378:
7369:
7360:
7351:
7342:
7333:
7324:
7315:
7309:
7308:
7299:
7290:
7281:
7272:
7263:
7254:
7245:
7236:
7227:
7218:
7209:
7200:
7191:
7182:
7173:
7164:
7155:
7146:
7137:
7128:
7119:
7110:
7101:
7092:
7083:
7074:
7065:
7056:
7047:
7038:
7029:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7004:
6995:
6986:
6977:
6968:
6959:
6950:
6941:
6932:
6923:
6914:
6905:
6896:
6887:
6878:
6869:
6867:
6858:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6833:
6824:
6815:
6806:
6797:
6788:
6779:
6770:
6761:
6752:
6743:
6734:
6725:
6716:
6707:
6698:
6696:
6687:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6662:
6653:
6644:
6635:
6626:
6617:
6615:
6606:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6581:
6572:
6563:
6554:
6545:
6536:
6534:
6525:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6500:
6498:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6378:Periodic table
6374:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6351:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6326:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6213:
6211:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6195:Vapor pressure
6192:
6187:
6182:
6180:Speed of sound
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6155:Heat of fusion
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6110:Critical point
6107:
6102:
6097:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6050:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6011:
6009:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5949:Coinage metals
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5882:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5838:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5747:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5644:
5642:
5633:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5595:Periodic table
5591:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5555:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5476:
5461:
5426:
5391:(5667): 84–7.
5380:
5376:
5367:
5341:
5334:
5309:
5302:
5281:
5255:
5248:
5230:
5206:
5189:
5182:
5144:
5119:
5083:
5058:
5001:
4990:(9): 1177–86.
4974:
4937:
4919:
4893:(2): 359–396.
4864:
4832:
4811:
4793:
4768:
4747:
4733:
4713:
4699:
4676:
4656:
4635:
4614:
4589:
4567:
4536:
4534:, p. 804.
4524:
4515:
4492:
4472:(in Swedish).
4447:
4426:10.1086/350763
4420:(3): 328–338.
4404:
4360:
4323:(14): 142502.
4293:
4287:978-0199605637
4286:
4280:. OUP Oxford.
4221:
4197:
4173:
4158:
4155:(Online). n.d.
4138:
4118:
4111:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4056:
4047:
3993:refers to the
3982:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3924:
3921:
3908:
3899:
3886:
3877:
3860:
3851:
3832:
3820:Main article:
3817:
3814:
3756:
3753:
3652:
3649:
3633:adipose tissue
3621:drug discovery
3616:
3613:
3587:are a type of
3581:
3578:
3554:microorganisms
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3511:sulfur dioxide
3409:
3406:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2617:
2605:
2594:
2587:
2576:
2565:
2554:
2543:
2531:
2517:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:(g) + 4 HF(aq)
2431:
2427:
2423:
2410:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2374:
2371:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2306:
2297:
2285:
2279:
2272:Main article:
2269:
2266:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2194:sodium bromide
2178:Main article:
2175:
2172:
2137:hydrogen bonds
2102:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2078:Main article:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1923:(solid phase)
1916:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1863:organofluorine
1854:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1682:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1587:
1584:
1545:K.R. Mackenzie
1541:Dale R. Corson
1513:Rajendralal De
1475:French Academy
1397:
1394:
1347:silver bromide
1280:periodic table
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1160:
1159:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1002:
1000:
994:
993:
986:
985:
981:
980:
977:
968:
965:
964:
961:
952:
949:
948:
945:
941:
940:
938:fluorine group
935:
931:
930:
927:
917:
916:
903:
899:
898:
891:
884:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
800:
793:
786:
779:
772:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
673:
672:
665:
658:
651:
644:
637:
630:
623:
616:
609:
602:
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
560:
553:
546:
539:
532:
525:
518:
511:
504:
497:
490:
483:
476:
469:
462:
455:
447:
446:
439:
432:
425:
418:
411:
404:
397:
390:
383:
376:
369:
362:
355:
348:
341:
334:
332:
330:
323:
315:
314:
307:
300:
293:
286:
279:
272:
265:
258:
251:
244:
237:
230:
223:
216:
209:
202:
200:
193:
185:
184:
177:
170:
163:
156:
149:
142:
140:
133:
125:
124:
117:
110:
103:
96:
89:
82:
80:
73:
65:
64:
57:
55:
45:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14396:
14385:
14382:
14380:
14377:
14376:
14374:
14356:
14353:
14350:
14348:
14341:
14335:
14333:
14319:
14306:
14304:
14291:
14289:
14283:
14281:
14274:
14268:
14266:
14260:
14258:
14252:
14250:
14243:
14237:
14235:
14228:
14222:
14220:
14213:
14206:
14200:
14198:
14192:
14191:
14188:
14181:
14175:
14173:
14166:
14160:
14158:
14152:
14150:
14144:
14142:
14128:
14122:
14120:
14114:
14112:
14105:
14099:
14097:
14090:
14084:
14082:
14075:
14069:
14067:
14061:
14059:
14052:
14046:
14044:
14037:
14031:
14029:
14022:
14016:
14014:
14007:
14001:
13998:
13990:
13987:
13983:
13980:
13977:
13974:
13971:
13968:
13965:
13962:
13959:
13956:
13953:
13950:
13947:
13944:
13941:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13927:
13924:
13923:
13919:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13905:
13899:
13897:
13891:
13889:
13883:
13881:
13874:
13871:
13869:
13862:
13852:
13850:
13849:
13841:
13838:
13836:
13829:
13823:
13821:
13807:
13801:
13798:
13789:
13781:
13778:
13776:
13762:
13756:
13754:
13747:
13740:
13734:
13732:
13725:
13719:
13717:
13710:
13704:
13702:
13696:
13693:
13691:
13685:
13683:
13676:
13673:
13672:
13668:
13666:
13654:
13651:
13649:
13645:
13639:
13637:
13633:
13627:
13625:
13618:
13612:
13610:
13603:
13600:
13598:
13592:
13590:
13585:
13583:
13577:
13575:
13569:
13567:
13561:
13559:
13553:
13551:
13544:
13538:
13536:
13529:
13523:
13521:
13514:
13507:
13501:
13499:
13493:
13491:
13489:
13483:
13481:
13474:
13471:
13470:
13466:
13464:
13457:
13454:
13451:
13449:
13445:
13434:
13428:
13426:
13422:
13415:
13409:
13407:
13400:
13397:
13395:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13378:
13372:
13370:
13364:
13362:
13355:
13349:
13347:
13341:
13339:
13332:
13325:
13319:
13317:
13310:
13304:
13302:
13295:
13288:
13282:
13280:
13274:
13272:
13270:
13264:
13262:
13259:
13258:
13254:
13252:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13230:
13228:
13227:
13219:
13215:
13204:
13198:
13196:
13190:
13188:
13181:
13178:
13176:
13170:
13168:
13165:
13164:
13160:
13158:
13151:
13144:
13137:
13134:
13132:
13121:
13110:
13099:
13089:
13087:
13083:
13075:
13069:
13067:
13063:
13057:
13055:
13048:
13042:
13040:
13034:
13032:
13029:
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10562:
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10547:
10541:
10539:
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10526:
10524:
10517:
10510:
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10488:
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10475:
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10466:
10459:
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10443:
10441:
10434:
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10426:
10425:
10421:
10419:
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10411:
10404:
10397:
10390:
10380:
10378:
10374:
10367:
10360:
10350:
10348:
10341:
10330:
10320:
10318:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10294:
10290:
10288:
10281:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10265:
10258:
10247:
10236:
10225:
10218:
10214:
10203:
10195:
10185:
10183:
10176:
10172:
10165:
10159:
10157:
10150:
10146:
10139:
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10107:
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10069:
10059:
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10003:
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9990:
9987:
9972:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9954:
9945:
9939:
9937:
9930:
9924:
9922:
9908:
9902:
9900:
9892:
9885:
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9877:
9869:
9862:
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9849:
9847:
9840:
9833:
9826:
9820:
9818:
9811:
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9782:
9775:
9768:
9762:
9760:
9753:
9747:
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9724:
9723:
9720:
9713:
9707:
9705:
9698:
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9667:
9660:
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9639:
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9622:
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9614:
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9533:
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9494:
9491:
9488:
9485:
9482:
9479:
9476:
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9471:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9454:
9451:
9450:
9447:
9432:
9417:
9411:
9409:
9401:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9381:
9374:
9367:
9365:
9358:
9352:
9350:
9343:
9337:
9335:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9315:
9308:
9298:
9296:
9285:
9277:
9266:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9247:
9240:
9233:
9229:
9223:
9221:
9214:
9207:
9200:
9193:
9187:
9185:
9170:
9155:
9148:
9141:
9135:
9133:
9126:
9119:
9112:
9106:
9104:
9097:
9090:
9084:
9082:
9076:
9074:
9068:
9066:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9043:
9040:
9032:
9025:
9018:
9012:
9010:
9003:
8996:
8989:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8970:
8963:
8951:
8945:
8943:
8936:
8930:
8928:
8921:
8915:
8913:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8895:
8893:
8886:
8879:
8875:
8868:
8866:
8858:
8851:
8847:
8841:
8839:
8832:
8825:
8818:
8812:
8810:
8803:
8796:
8782:
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8767:
8753:
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8723:
8716:
8710:
8708:
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8664:
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8639:
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8614:
8612:
8605:
8598:
8591:
8581:
8579:
8572:
8566:
8564:
8557:
8551:
8549:
8542:
8536:
8534:
8528:
8526:
8518:
8511:
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8462:
8460:
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8393:
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8328:
8322:
8320:
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8312:
8310:
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8300:
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8291:
8283:
8276:
8274:
8267:
8260:
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8241:
8230:
8223:
8216:
8205:
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8142:
8140:
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8098:
8087:
8083:
8072:
8066:
8064:
8056:
8049:
8038:
8034:
8023:
8016:
8010:
8008:
8001:
7990:
7984:
7982:
7975:
7964:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7937:
7930:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7900:
7895:
7893:
7888:
7886:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7862:
7847:
7843:
7838:
7835:
7820:
7816:
7811:
7808:
7793:
7789:
7784:
7781:
7766:
7762:
7757:
7754:
7735:
7731:
7726:
7723:
7704:
7700:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7686:
7682:
7675:
7670:
7668:
7663:
7661:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7610:
7601:
7592:
7583:
7574:
7565:
7556:
7547:
7538:
7529:
7520:
7511:
7502:
7493:
7484:
7475:
7466:
7457:
7448:
7439:
7430:
7421:
7412:
7403:
7394:
7385:
7376:
7367:
7358:
7349:
7340:
7331:
7322:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7297:
7288:
7279:
7270:
7261:
7252:
7243:
7234:
7225:
7216:
7207:
7198:
7189:
7180:
7171:
7162:
7153:
7144:
7135:
7126:
7117:
7108:
7099:
7090:
7081:
7072:
7063:
7054:
7045:
7036:
7027:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7002:
6993:
6984:
6975:
6966:
6957:
6948:
6939:
6930:
6921:
6912:
6903:
6894:
6885:
6876:
6865:
6856:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6831:
6822:
6813:
6804:
6795:
6786:
6777:
6768:
6759:
6750:
6741:
6732:
6723:
6714:
6705:
6694:
6685:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6660:
6651:
6642:
6633:
6624:
6613:
6604:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6579:
6570:
6561:
6552:
6543:
6532:
6523:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6496:
6488:
6484:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6388:
6383:
6379:
6372:
6367:
6365:
6360:
6358:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6337:
6336:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6315:
6314:
6311:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6273:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6249:controversies
6247:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6170:Melting point
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6150:Heat capacity
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6105:Boiling point
6103:
6101:
6100:Atomic radius
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6086:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5964:Native metals
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5891:Dividing line
5889:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5832:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:17 (Halogens)
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5621:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5589:
5584:
5582:
5577:
5575:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5535:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5480:
5472:
5471:New Scientist
5465:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5442:(50): 14136.
5441:
5437:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5371:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5337:
5331:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5305:
5303:9781579128951
5299:
5295:
5288:
5286:
5266:
5259:
5251:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5199:
5193:
5185:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5148:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5054:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5005:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4941:
4933:
4926:
4924:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4880:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4821:
4820:"Iodine MSDS"
4815:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4783:on 2012-04-23
4782:
4778:
4772:
4757:
4751:
4736:
4734:9783211993224
4730:
4726:
4725:
4717:
4702:
4700:9788183562430
4696:
4692:
4691:
4683:
4681:
4666:
4660:
4645:
4639:
4624:
4618:
4604:on 2013-02-01
4603:
4599:
4593:
4578:
4571:
4556:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4533:
4528:
4519:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4496:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4478:From p. 187:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4380:(2): 249–255.
4379:
4376:(in German).
4375:
4371:
4364:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4303:
4297:
4289:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4170:
4167:
4162:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4114:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4099:Jones, Daniel
4094:
4090:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4051:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3955:
3954:Pseudohalogen
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3867:
3843:
3835:
3823:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3784:dental caries
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3708:immune system
3705:
3701:
3697:
3696:thyroid gland
3693:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3585:Halogen lamps
3577:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3558:sterilization
3555:
3551:
3547:
3546:disinfectants
3540:Disinfectants
3532:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:sulfuric acid
3485:
3481:
3477:
3476:United States
3472:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:cluster decay
3328:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:18.9984032(5)
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2580:
2579:Boiling point
2577:
2574:
2569:
2568:Boiling point
2566:
2563:
2558:
2557:Melting point
2555:
2552:
2547:
2546:Melting point
2544:
2541:
2536:
2535:atomic weight
2532:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2408:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:compounds or
2344:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2317:
2312:
2303:
2300:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:sodium iodide
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2180:Metal halides
2174:Metal halides
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2066:
2064:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:Walter Minder
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:Horia Hulubei
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:poisonous gas
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:was known to
1433:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:Henri Moissan
1411:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:disinfectants
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:(I), and the
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1202:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1006:
999:
996:
995:
992:
987:
978:
971:
967:
966:
962:
955:
951:
950:
946:
943:
942:
936:
933:
932:
928:
926:
923:
922:
918:
914:
911: →
907: ←
906:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
862:
857:
855:
850:
848:
843:
841:
836:
834:
829:
827:
822:
820:
815:
813:
808:
806:
801:
799:
797:Rutherfordium
794:
792:
787:
785:
780:
778:
773:
771:
766:
764:
759:
757:
752:
750:
745:
743:
738:
736:
731:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
710:
708:
703:
701:
696:
694:
689:
687:
682:
680:
675:
674:
671:
666:
664:
659:
657:
652:
650:
645:
643:
638:
636:
631:
629:
624:
622:
617:
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
596:
594:
589:
587:
582:
580:
575:
573:
568:
566:
561:
559:
554:
552:
547:
545:
540:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
519:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
496:
491:
489:
484:
482:
477:
475:
470:
468:
463:
461:
456:
454:
449:
448:
445:
440:
438:
433:
431:
426:
424:
419:
417:
412:
410:
405:
403:
398:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
377:
375:
370:
368:
363:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
342:
340:
335:
331:
329:
324:
322:
317:
316:
313:
308:
306:
301:
299:
294:
292:
287:
285:
280:
278:
273:
271:
266:
264:
259:
257:
252:
250:
245:
243:
238:
236:
231:
229:
224:
222:
217:
215:
210:
208:
203:
199:
194:
192:
187:
186:
183:
178:
176:
171:
169:
164:
162:
157:
155:
150:
148:
143:
139:
134:
132:
127:
126:
123:
118:
116:
111:
109:
104:
102:
97:
95:
90:
88:
83:
79:
74:
72:
67:
66:
63:
58:
54:
49:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
13843:
13221:
7845:
7840:
7818:
7813:
7791:
7786:
7764:
7759:
7733:
7728:
7702:
7697:
7680:
6474:
6328:
6316:
6299:Trivial name
6287:nomenclature
5959:Heavy metals
5954:Noble metals
5727:
5713:14 (Tetrels)
5609:Alternatives
5542:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5470:
5464:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5388:
5384:
5370:
5358:. Retrieved
5354:the original
5344:
5325:
5312:
5294:The Elements
5293:
5272:. Retrieved
5258:
5239:
5233:
5222:. Retrieved
5218:
5209:
5192:
5153:
5147:
5137:November 12,
5135:. Retrieved
5131:
5122:
5112:November 12,
5110:. Retrieved
5106:
5076:November 12,
5074:. Retrieved
5070:
5061:
5018:
5014:
5004:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4931:
4910:. Retrieved
4890:
4885:
4857:26 September
4855:. Retrieved
4844:
4835:
4824:. Retrieved
4814:
4806:the original
4796:
4785:. Retrieved
4781:the original
4771:
4760:. Retrieved
4750:
4738:. Retrieved
4727:. Springer.
4723:
4716:
4706:February 27,
4704:. Retrieved
4689:
4668:. Retrieved
4659:
4649:February 24,
4647:. Retrieved
4638:
4628:February 24,
4626:. Retrieved
4617:
4606:. Retrieved
4602:the original
4592:
4582:February 24,
4580:. Retrieved
4570:
4560:February 27,
4558:. Retrieved
4527:
4518:
4507:
4503:
4495:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4469:
4459:
4455:
4450:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4320:
4316:
4296:
4277:
4213:. Retrieved
4210:BBC Bitesize
4209:
4200:
4189:. Retrieved
4185:
4176:
4161:
4150:
4141:
4130:
4121:
4102:
4093:
4050:
3985:
3968:
3949:Interhalogen
3944:Halogenation
3939:Halogen lamp
3929:Halogen bond
3868:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3816:Superhalogen
3811:
3805:Astatine is
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3761:
3758:
3750:
3744:
3681:
3674:
3658:
3654:
3637:
3618:
3609:fused quartz
3599:at the same
3583:
3543:
3535:Applications
3530:
3527:
3496:
3473:
3465:electrolysis
3451:The mineral
3450:
3439:
3395:
3376:
3361:
3354:
3339:
3324:
2916:
2882:2, 8, 18, 7
2738:126.90447(3)
2519:
2502:
2476:
2453:disinfectant
2438:
2404:
2376:
2342:
2329:
2304:
2277:
2274:Interhalogen
2251:
2230:
2213:
2183:
2149:
2141:strong acids
2114:
2106:
2103:
2083:
2060:
1918:
1910:
1881:
1867:
1816:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1676:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1629:
1619:
1596:Humphry Davy
1589:
1561:
1525:spectroscopy
1505:Fred Allison
1502:
1479:
1470:
1460:
1448:Humphry Davy
1430:
1418:electrolysis
1399:
1355:
1337:, including
1328:
1323:
1200:
1198:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1132:
1109:
1079:
1049:
1019:
944:Trivial name
909:
839:Darmstadtium
706:Protactinium
480:Praseodymium
6335:WikiProject
6079:Term symbol
5909:Noble gases
5853:Lanthanides
5836:metallicity
5708:13 (Triels)
5263:Fawell, J.
4486:Saltbildare
4456:Saltbildare
4072:mass number
4031:stands for
4009:stands for
3991:parentheses
3978:copernicium
3976:, although
3807:radioactive
3523:natural gas
3492:Herbert Dow
3346:chlorine-36
3303:6.78386786
3287:6.70468662
3255:6.48283787
3239:6.30674661
3223:6.00571661
3207:5.70468662
3191:5.30674661
3174:5.00571661
3131:5.00571661
3114:4.72696301
3097:4.42593302
3080:4.12490302
3063:3.90305427
3046:3.72696301
3029:3.42593302
3012:3.12490302
2995:2.82387302
2978:2.12490302
2917:(predicted)
2343:halogenated
1915:(gas phase)
1884:homonuclear
1843:noble gases
1456:World War I
1406:George Gore
1304:radioactive
913:noble gases
881:Livermorium
853:Copernicium
846:Roentgenium
776:Mendelevium
762:Einsteinium
755:Californium
14373:Categories
7842:Tennessine
6259:for people
6254:for places
6227:1871 table
6120:Elasticity
6088:Data pages
6046:Properties
5922:Other sets
5878:Metalloids
5224:2014-09-05
4912:5 December
4826:2011-12-29
4787:2011-12-29
4762:2011-12-29
4670:2015-04-12
4608:2017-10-28
4215:2022-03-21
4191:2022-03-21
4086:References
3661:dry weight
3625:lipophilic
3576:products.
3457:carnallite
3434:reactivity
3408:Production
3372:iodine-129
3368:iodine-127
3350:spallation
3271:6.6077766
2938:Tmelt (С)
2912:tennessine
2801:Tennessine
2481:(HBr) and
2447:(HCl) and
2369:reaction.
2131:(HI), and
2110:equilibria
1921:(X−X) / pm
1913:(X−X) / pm
1845:. It is a
1835:octet rule
1533:beta decay
1436:alchemists
1402:fluorospar
1312:tennessine
1148: (Ts)
1146:Tennessine
1125: (At)
1072: (Br)
1042: (Cl)
905:chalcogens
888:Tennessine
832:Meitnerium
811:Seaborgium
790:Lawrencium
529:Dysprosium
515:Gadolinium
494:Promethium
366:Technetium
359:Molybdenum
160:Phosphorus
6244:etymology
6095:Abundance
6020:in humans
6016:Abundance
5901:Nonmetals
5858:Actinides
5360:August 1,
4848:reference
4740:April 23,
4442:170337569
4147:"Halogen"
4127:"Halogen"
3917:triiodide
3822:Superatom
3788:arthritis
3740:mushrooms
3704:epidermis
3644:aliphatic
3562:bleaching
3478:, 35% in
3391:plutonium
3387:neptunium
2819:? 7.1-7.3
2810:? 350-550
2807:? 623-823
2786:? 6.2–6.5
2704:79.904(1)
2533:Standard
2510:triiodide
2426:(g) + 2 H
2396:Reactions
2363:thyroxine
2152:irritants
2145:weak acid
2069:Compounds
1904:structure
1890:molecules
1873:Molecules
1847:corrosive
1679:nonmetals
1662:Tennessee
1586:Etymology
1503:In 1931,
1490:saltpeter
1310:(At) and
1306:elements
1188:Synthetic
1102: (I)
1012: (F)
947:halogens
895:Oganesson
874:Moscovium
867:Flerovium
748:Berkelium
734:Americium
727:Plutonium
720:Neptunium
557:Ytterbium
487:Neodymium
466:Lanthanum
429:Tellurium
387:Palladium
373:Ruthenium
345:Zirconium
327:Strontium
283:Germanium
234:Manganese
190:Potassium
146:Aluminium
137:Magnesium
77:Beryllium
40:Halogens
14379:Halogens
10017:chloride
7907:fluoride
7815:Astatine
7748:0.003214
7730:Chlorine
7717:0.001696
7699:Fluorine
7681:Halogens
6323:Category
6275:See also
6145:Hardness
5998:Elements
5514:15653497
5421:26728239
5413:15066775
5274:10 March
5053:23673620
4907:95898322
4390:Werner's
4347:20481935
4068:nuclides
4023:, while
3974:group 12
3923:See also
3755:Toxicity
3746:Astatine
3728:lobsters
3665:potatoes
3640:Aromatic
3593:tungsten
3591:using a
3580:Lighting
3550:bacteria
3525:fields.
3442:fluorite
3430:Fluorine
3418:chlorine
3342:isotopes
3321:Isotopes
2901:astatine
2871:2, 8, 7
2868:chlorine
2857:fluorine
2768:Astatine
2667:Chlorine
2633:Fluorine
2530:Halogen
2485:(HBrO):
2430:O(l) → O
2339:polymers
2334:such as
2316:covalent
2311:diatomic
2219:2Fe + 3X
2205:2Na + Cl
1962:chlorine
1929:fluorine
1901:molecule
1887:diatomic
1839:Fluorine
1819:reactive
1673:Chemical
1634:fluorite
1615:compound
1611:sea-salt
1537:polonium
1378:minerals
1324:group 17
1308:astatine
1292:chlorine
1288:fluorine
1284:elements
1274:) are a
1201:halogens
1123:Astatine
1040:Chlorine
1010:Fluorine
860:Nihonium
783:Nobelium
692:Actinium
678:Francium
662:Astatine
655:Polonium
634:Thallium
613:Platinum
585:Tungsten
578:Tantalum
564:Lutetium
508:Europium
501:Samarium
422:Antimony
320:Rubidium
297:Selenium
227:Chromium
220:Vanadium
213:Titanium
206:Scandium
174:Chlorine
114:Fluorine
100:Nitrogen
52:Hydrogen
18:Halogens
13936:
13694:
12663:
11719:bromide
11340:
9894: ?
9463:
9058:
7761:Bromine
7635:p-block
7630:d-block
7625:f-block
7620:s-block
6209:History
6115:Density
5743:Periods
5522:8003390
5494:Bibcode
5486:Science
5444:Bibcode
5393:Bibcode
5385:Science
5162:Bibcode
5044:3674244
5023:Bibcode
5021:: 1–6.
4957:Bibcode
4512:p. 263.
4386:Halogen
4355:3263480
4325:Bibcode
4076:isotope
3736:seaweed
3724:herring
3716:oysters
3700:stomach
3601:wattage
3519:iodates
3515:nitrate
3461:sylvite
3422:bromine
3383:uranium
3327:isotope
3148:log(P)
3018:−101.6
3001:−106.7
2952:log(P)
2941:−100.7
2879:bromine
2843:Element
2700:Bromine
2649:−188.12
2643:−219.62
2602:Pauling
2590:Density
2494:(g) + H
2468:(g) + H
2359:thyroid
2336:plastic
2209:→ 2NaCl
2127:(HBr),
2123:(HCl),
1995:bromine
1898:halogen
1658:astatos
1646:chloros
1603:chemist
1600:Swedish
1553:bismuth
1486:seaweed
1454:during
1396:History
1316:gallium
1296:bromine
1278:in the
1156:Halogen
1133:Halogen
1110:Halogen
1080:Halogen
1070:Bromine
1050:Halogen
1020:Halogen
989:↓
825:Hassium
818:Bohrium
804:Dubnium
769:Fermium
713:Uranium
699:Thorium
648:Bismuth
606:Iridium
592:Rhenium
571:Hafnium
550:Thulium
536:Holmium
522:Terbium
452:Caesium
401:Cadmium
380:Rhodium
352:Niobium
338:Yttrium
311:Krypton
304:Bromine
290:Arsenic
276:Gallium
197:Calcium
153:Silicon
70:Lithium
12997:iodide
7788:Iodine
6239:Naming
6036:Symbol
5845:Metals
5813:Blocks
5801:Pyykkö
5796:Fricke
5791:Aufbau
5640:Groups
5553:
5520:
5512:
5419:
5411:
5332:
5300:
5246:
5180:
5051:
5041:
4905:
4846:CODATA
4731:
4697:
4440:
4434:229946
4432:
4398:zeugen
4353:
4345:
4284:
4109:
3738:, and
3720:shrimp
3706:, and
3692:glands
3605:kelvin
3570:fabric
3503:Russia
3480:Israel
3453:halite
3426:iodine
3424:, and
3389:, and
3312:243.5
3309:127.1
3293:115.2
3277:101.6
3232:139.8
3216:110.3
3197:−16.9
3180:−33.8
3137:−33.8
3126:159.8
3120:−47.3
3109:137.3
3103:−60.2
3092:116.5
3086:−71.7
3075:105.4
3052:−84.5
3038:−16.8
3035:−93.3
3004:−32.8
2987:−48.7
2947:112.9
2890:iodine
2828:? 157
2795:? 145
2759:1008.4
2741:386.85
2734:Iodine
2725:1139.9
2719:3.1028
2691:1251.2
2685:0.0032
2682:−34.04
2679:239.11
2676:−101.5
2658:1681.0
2652:0.0017
2614:kJ·mol
2607:First
2457:bleach
2417:(HF):
2413:) and
2407:oxygen
2388:, and
2240:Fe + I
2223:→ 2FeX
2163:strial
2156:acidic
2119:(HF),
2028:iodine
1859:Teflon
1650:bromos
1630:fluere
1605:Baron
1578:, and
1547:, and
1471:muride
1331:metals
1300:iodine
1298:(Br),
1294:(Cl),
1166:Legend
1153:
1130:
1107:
1100:Iodine
1077:
1047:
1017:
991:Period
741:Curium
685:Radium
599:Osmium
543:Erbium
473:Cerium
459:Barium
436:Iodine
408:Indium
394:Silver
262:Copper
255:Nickel
248:Cobalt
167:Sulfur
130:Sodium
107:Oxygen
93:Carbon
61:Helium
6282:IUPAC
6007:Lists
5518:S2CID
5417:S2CID
5322:(PDF)
5268:(PDF)
5201:(PDF)
4903:S2CID
4882:(PDF)
4438:S2CID
4430:JSTOR
4351:S2CID
4311:= 117
4040:0.000
4033:1.007
4025:1.007
4018:0.000
4011:1.007
4003:1.007
3960:Notes
3919:ion.
3840:with
3574:paper
3513:with
3499:Japan
3484:China
3469:brine
3261:84.8
3229:35.6
3213:10.3
3200:78.8
3183:58.2
3140:58.2
3106:24.3
3072:−0.6
3058:97.5
3041:84.7
3024:73.2
3007:62.2
2990:38.7
2984:−118
2955:mmHg
2944:−7.3
2860:2, 7
2825:? 743
2816:? 610
2813:? 883
2792:899.0
2783:? 337
2780:? 610
2753:4.933
2750:184.3
2747:457.4
2744:113.7
2713:332.0
2707:265.8
2673:171.6
2646:85.03
2640:53.53
2386:PBDEs
2351:brain
2244:→ FeI
2100:→ 2HX
1907:model
1654:iodes
1644:word
1642:Greek
1628:word
1626:Latin
1555:with
1467:brine
1382:salts
1335:salts
1320:IUPAC
1290:(F),
1276:group
979:VIIB
963:VIIA
669:Radon
443:Xenon
181:Argon
86:Boron
12939:EsBr
12932:EsBr
12924:CfBr
12916:BkBr
12908:CmBr
12900:AmBr
12893:AmBr
12885:PuBr
12877:NpBr
12870:NpBr
12847:PaBr
12840:PaBr
12832:ThBr
12824:AcBr
12811:YbBr
12804:YbBr
12796:TmBr
12789:TmBr
12781:ErBr
12773:HoBr
12765:DyBr
12757:TbBr
12749:GdBr
12741:EuBr
12734:EuBr
12726:SmBr
12719:SmBr
12711:PmBr
12703:NdBr
12696:NdBr
12688:PrBr
12680:CeBr
12672:LaBr
12601:RaBr
12596:FrBr
12586:AtBr
12578:PoBr
12571:PoBr
12563:BiBr
12555:PbBr
12550:TlBr
12542:HgBr
12523:AuBr
12519:AuBr
12511:PtBr
12504:PtBr
12490:IrBr
12482:IrBr
12474:OsBr
12467:OsBr
12459:ReBr
12436:TaBr
12428:HfBr
12420:LuBr
12409:BaBr
12404:CsBr
12394:XeBr
12370:TeBr
12346:SbBr
12338:SnBr
12331:SnBr
12323:InBr
12319:InBr
12311:CdBr
12306:AgBr
12298:PdBr
12290:RhBr
12282:RuBr
12274:TcBr
12267:TcBr
12259:MoBr
12252:MoBr
12245:MoBr
12237:NbBr
12229:ZrBr
12222:ZrBr
12214:ZrBr
12195:SrBr
12190:RbBr
12169:SeBr
12162:SeBr
12154:+AsO
12143:AsBr
12135:GeBr
12128:GeBr
12120:GaBr
12112:ZnBr
12104:CuBr
12100:CuBr
12092:NiBr
12085:NiBr
12077:CoBr
12069:FeBr
12062:FeBr
12054:MnBr
12046:CrBr
12039:CrBr
12032:CrBr
12009:TiBr
12002:TiBr
11995:TiBr
11987:ScBr
11976:CaBr
11961:BrCl
11908:SiBr
11900:AlBr
11896:AlBr
11888:MgBr
11883:NaBr
11812:NOBr
11755:BeBr
11750:LiBr
11670:NoCl
11662:MdCl
11654:FmCl
11646:EsCl
11639:EsCl
11630:CfCl
11622:CfCl
11614:BkCl
11606:CmCl
11598:AmCl
11591:AmCl
11583:PuCl
11575:NpCl
11538:PaCl
11531:PaCl
11523:ThCl
11516:ThCl
11508:AcCl
11495:YbCl
11488:YbCl
11480:TmCl
11473:TmCl
11465:ErCl
11457:HoCl
11449:DyCl
11442:DyCl
11434:TbCl
11426:GdCl
11418:EuCl
11411:EuCl
11403:SmCl
11396:SmCl
11388:PmCl
11380:NdCl
11373:NdCl
11365:PrCl
11357:CeCl
11349:LaCl
11275:DbCl
11267:RfCl
11259:LrCl
11248:RaCl
11243:FrCl
11233:AtCl
11225:PoCl
11218:PoCl
11210:BiCl
11202:PbCl
11195:PbCl
11187:TlCl
11183:TlCl
11175:HgCl
11156:AuCl
11149:(Au)
11145:AuCl
11137:PtCl
11130:PtCl
11122:IrCl
11115:IrCl
11108:IrCl
11100:OsCl
11093:OsCl
11086:OsCl
11079:OsCl
11071:ReCl
11064:ReCl
11057:ReCl
11050:ReCl
11006:TaCl
10999:TaCl
10992:TaCl
10984:HfCl
10976:LuCl
10965:BaCl
10960:CsCl
10950:XeCl
10943:XeCl
10939:XeCl
10919:TeCl
10912:TeCl
10893:SbCl
10886:SbCl
10878:SnCl
10871:SnCl
10863:InCl
10856:InCl
10852:InCl
10844:CdCl
10839:AgCl
10831:PdCl
10823:RhCl
10815:RuCl
10808:RuCl
10801:RuCl
10793:TcCl
10786:TcCl
10778:MoCl
10771:MoCl
10764:MoCl
10757:MoCl
10750:MoCl
10742:NbCl
10735:NbCl
10728:NbCl
10720:ZrCl
10713:ZrCl
10706:ZrCl
10688:SrCl
10683:RbCl
10673:BrCl
10665:SeCl
10658:SeCl
10635:AsCl
10628:AsCl
10620:GeCl
10613:GeCl
10605:GaCl
10601:GaCl
10593:ZnCl
10585:CuCl
10581:CuCl
10573:NiCl
10565:CoCl
10558:CoCl
10550:FeCl
10543:FeCl
10535:MnCl
10528:MnCl
10520:CrCl
10513:CrCl
10506:CrCl
10469:TiCl
10462:TiCl
10455:TiCl
10447:ScCl
10437:CaCl
10433:CaCl
10344:SiCl
10314:AlCl
10310:AlCl
10302:MgCl
10297:NaCl
10053:BeCl
10048:LiCl
9452:FrF
8973:+TeO
8608:+SeO
7750:g/cm
7719:g/cm
6014:By:
5551:ISBN
5510:PMID
5409:PMID
5362:2013
5330:ISBN
5298:ISBN
5276:2016
5244:ISBN
5178:ISBN
5139:2021
5114:2021
5078:2021
5049:PMID
4914:2012
4859:2011
4742:2022
4729:ISBN
4708:2013
4695:ISBN
4651:2013
4630:2013
4584:2013
4562:2013
4414:Isis
4394:Salz
4343:PMID
4282:ISBN
4107:ISBN
4029:(72)
3669:soil
3507:kelp
3459:and
3296:230
3280:215
3264:197
3248:174
3186:183
3151:atm
3143:183
3134:760
3117:400
3100:200
3089:9.3
3083:100
3069:−79
3021:−25
2762:133
2756:2.66
2728:114
2722:2.96
2716:58.8
2710:−7.3
2688:3.16
2655:3.98
2382:PCBs
2355:GABA
2160:indu
2055:272
2022:227
1989:198
1956:149
1853:(SiF
1811:239
1808:285
1805:272
1802:294
1799:151
1791:272
1788:360
1785:368
1782:363
1779:193
1771:327
1768:427
1765:444
1762:428
1759:243
1638:flux
1622:-ine
1568:JINR
1523:via
1519:and
1372:and
1349:and
1199:The
641:Lead
620:Gold
269:Zinc
241:Iron
121:Neon
14357:No
14354:Md
14351:Fm
14344:EsI
14337:EsI
14323:CfI
14309:CfI
14294:BkI
14285:CmI
14277:AmI
14270:AmI
14262:PuI
14254:NpI
14231:PaI
14224:PaI
14216:ThI
14209:ThI
14202:ThI
14194:AcI
14184:YbI
14177:YbI
14169:TmI
14162:TmI
14154:ErI
14146:HoI
14132:DyI
14124:DyI
14116:TbI
14108:GdI
14101:GdI
14093:EuI
14086:EuI
14078:SmI
14071:SmI
14063:PmI
14055:NdI
14048:NdI
14040:PrI
14033:PrI
14025:CeI
14018:CeI
14010:LaI
14003:LaI
13984:Og
13981:Ts
13978:Lv
13975:Mc
13972:Fl
13969:Nh
13966:Cn
13963:Rg
13960:Ds
13957:Mt
13954:Hs
13951:Bh
13948:Sg
13945:Db
13942:Rf
13939:Lr
13929:RaI
13925:Fr
13920:Rn
13916:AtI
13908:PoI
13901:PoI
13893:BiI
13885:PbI
13877:TlI
13873:TlI
13865:HgI
13845:AuI
13840:AuI
13832:PtI
13825:PtI
13811:IrI
13803:IrI
13794:OsI
13785:OsI
13780:OsI
13766:ReI
13758:ReI
13728:TaI
13721:TaI
13713:HfI
13706:HfI
13698:LuI
13687:BaI
13679:CsI
13675:CsI
13669:Xe
13648:+Te
13641:TeI
13636:+Sb
13629:SbI
13621:SnI
13614:SnI
13606:InI
13602:InI
13594:CdI
13587:AgI
13579:PdI
13571:RhI
13563:RuI
13555:TcI
13547:MoI
13540:MoI
13532:NbI
13525:NbI
13517:ZrI
13510:ZrI
13503:ZrI
13485:SrI
13477:RbI
13473:RbI
13467:Kr
13460:IBr
13456:IBr
13452:Se
13448:+As
13430:AsI
13425:+Ge
13418:GeI
13411:GeI
13403:GaI
13399:GaI
13391:ZnI
13386:CuI
13381:-Ni
13374:NiI
13366:CoI
13358:FeI
13351:FeI
13343:MnI
13335:CrI
13328:CrI
13321:CrI
13298:TiI
13291:TiI
13284:TiI
13276:ScI
13266:CaI
13255:Ar
13248:ICl
13244:ICl
13192:SiI
13184:AlI
13180:AlI
13172:MgI
13167:NaI
13161:Ne
13051:+BO
13036:BeI
13031:LiI
13025:He
12999:ion
12952:No
12949:Md
12946:Fm
12862:UBr
12855:UBr
12820:**
12656:Og
12653:Ts
12650:Lv
12647:Mc
12644:Fl
12641:Nh
12638:Cn
12635:Rg
12632:Ds
12629:Mt
12626:Hs
12623:Bh
12620:Sg
12617:Db
12614:Rf
12611:Lr
12608:**
12590:Rn
12451:WBr
12444:WBr
12386:IBr
12382:IBr
12377:+Te
12357:-Sb
12353:+Sb
12205:YBr
12184:Kr
12150:+As
12024:VBr
12017:VBr
11971:KBr
11965:Ar
11953:SBr
11930:PBr
11923:PBr
11916:PBr
11877:Ne
11870:BrF
11863:BrF
11859:BrF
11829:BrO
11797:BrN
11790:NBr
11778:CBr
11770:+BO
11763:BBr
11744:He
11734:HBr
11721:ion
11567:UCl
11560:UCl
11553:UCl
11546:UCl
11504:**
11333:Og
11330:Ts
11327:Lv
11324:Mc
11321:Fl
11318:Nh
11315:Cn
11312:Rg
11309:Ds
11306:Mt
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