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The fire mill is a wheel that makes use of the expansion of heated air to generate motive power. The calculated power of
Amontons' fire mill was 39 HP, equal to the power of the most powerful hot air engines of the 19th century (with the exception of the "caloric engine" of Ericsson). The main
470:
later found deviations from
Amontons’ laws in some cases. In systems with significant non-uniformity of the stress field, because local slip occurs before the entire system slides, Amontons’ laws are not satisfied macroscopically.
354:
difference between
Amontons' engine and the hot air engines of the 19th century was the nature of the piston (Amontons used water) and the use of rotational motion instead of alternating motion.
707:
De la resistance causée dans les
Machines, tant par les frottemens des parties qui les composent, que par roideur des cordes qu'on y employe, & la maniere de calculer l'un & l'autre
710:(On the resistance caused in machines, both by the rubbing of the parts that compose them and by the stiffness of the cords that one uses in them, & the way of calculating both),
38:
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Développements précoces du concept de travail mécanique (fin 17e s.-début 18e s.): quantification, optimisation et profit de l'effet des agents producteurs
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327:. His work led him to speculate that a sufficient reduction in temperature would lead to the disappearance of pressure. Though he came close to finding
988:
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and as the angle of tilt of the plane is increased, the brick will eventually start to move downwards as gravity overcomes the frictional resistance.
346:. In 1699, he built his first engine, more than a century earlier than the well-known Stirling engine. This engine, named by Amontons a "fire mill" (
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Moyen de substituer commodement l'action du feu, a la force des hommes et des cheveaux pour mouvoir les machines
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832:"Systematic breakdown of Amontons' law of friction for an elastic object locally obeying Amontons' law"
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307:, he established that the pressure of a gas increases by roughly one-third between the temperatures of
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The first and second laws, which were founded by
Amontons, and the third law, which was founded by
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in 1781. For this contribution, Amontons was named as one of the 23 "Men of
Tribology" by
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The force of friction is independent of the apparent area of contact. (Amontons' 2nd law)
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The force of friction is directly proportional to the applied load. (Amontons' 1st law)
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350:) followed a new thermodynamic cycle, which later became known as the Stirling cycle.
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607:(Method of substituting the force of fire for horse and man power to move machines),
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264:(1695), particularly for use of these instruments at sea. He also demonstrated an
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Remarques et expériences physiques sur la construction d'une nouvelle clepsydre
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343:
252:
Among his contributions to scientific instrumentation were improvements to the
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From Watt to
Clausius: The Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age
799:"The research works of Coulomb and Amontons and generalized laws of friction"
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530:(Doctoral thesis) (in French). Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1. p. 572.
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404:. Though they were received with some skepticism, the laws were verified by
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scale), the discovery would not be complete until at least a century later.
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Kinetic friction is independent of the sliding velocity. (Coulomb's law)
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144:(31 August 1663 – 11 October 1705) was a French scientific instrument
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The laws are shown by the classic example of a brick resting on an
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who had moved to the French capital. While still young, Guillaume
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Deaf persons in the arts and sciences: a biographical dictionary
331:- the theoretical temperature by which the volume of air in his
456:, where it is in equilibrium and thus motionless. The force of
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173:
94:
16:
French scientific instrument inventor and physicist (1663-1705)
445:. (These 3 laws only apply to dry friction; the addition of a
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will be reduced to nothing (estimated by him as −240° on the
316:
221:
900:
Asimov's
Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
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B. Le Bovier de
Fontenelle (1705). "Eloge de M. Amontons".
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In 1699, Amontons published his rediscovery of the laws of
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152:. He was one of the pioneers in studying the problem of
545:. Bonnie Meath-Lang. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
172:
Guillaume was born in Paris, France. His father was a
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modifies the tribological properties significantly.)
319:. This was a substantial step towards the subsequent
184:
and became mostly deaf. According to one biographer,
19:"Amontons" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
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746:"Men of Tribology: Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)"
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373:indicating directions and magnitudes of forces.
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342:Guillaume Amontons is also the inventor of the
284:Amontons investigated the relationship between
236:He was supported in his research career by the
415:
640:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
208:. He also spent time studying the skills of
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716:Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
712:Mémoires de l'Académie royale des sciences
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613:Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
609:Mémoires de l'Académie royale des sciences
576:Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
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989:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
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847:
814:
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955:on which this biography is partly based.
830:Otsuki, M.; Matsukawa, H. (2013-04-02).
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361:
303:. Though his results were at best semi-
268:and proposed the use of his clepsydra (
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797:Popova, E.; Popov, V.L. (2015-06-30).
787:, Introduction to Tribology - Friction
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729:The Friction and Lubrication of Solids
727:Bowden, F.P. & Tabor, D. (1950)
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999:French scientists with disabilities
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369:for a block on a ramp. Arrows are
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750:Journal of Lubrication Technology
443:Amontons-Coulomb laws of friction
421:Amontons-Coulomb laws of friction
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979:17th-century French inventors
906:, Doubleday & Co., Inc.,
744:Dowson, Duncan (1977-10-01).
274:keeping time on a ship at sea
704:Amontons (19 December 1699)
7:
688:"Ericsson's Caloric Engine"
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406:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
357:
164:, and early engine design.
10:
1020:
524:Yannick Fonteneau (2011).
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416:Amontons' laws of friction
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953:The Galileo Project entry
922:Cardwell, D.S.L. (1971).
816:10.1007/s40544-015-0074-6
392:is the force of friction.
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113:Thermodynamic temperature
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601:Amontons (20 June 1699)
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196:, but was able to study
637:Encyclopædia Britannica
541:Lang, Harry G. (1995).
506:Newton's laws of motion
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441:later, are called the
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248:Scientific instruments
670:"The Stirling Engine"
588:Amontons, G. (1695),
482:Académie des Sciences
400:first put forward by
377:is the normal force,
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323:and, in particular,
298:accurate and precise
42:Guillaume Amontons,
858:2013NatSR...3E1586O
495:is named after him.
206:celestial mechanics
1004:French deaf people
836:Scientific Reports
652:"Amontons' engine"
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142:Guillaume Amontons
30:Guillaume Amontons
866:10.1038/srep01586
763:10.1115/1.3453230
692:hotairengines.org
674:hotairengines.org
656:hotairengines.org
402:Leonardo da Vinci
367:Free-body diagram
296:though he lacked
266:optical telegraph
202:physical sciences
188:, while studying
160:, the concept of
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120:Scientific career
44:Luxembourg Garden
21:Amontons (crater)
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260:(1687), and
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242:public works
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218:architecture
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974:1705 deaths
969:1663 births
487:The crater
290:temperature
270:water clock
262:thermometer
198:mathematics
91:Nationality
963:Categories
258:hygrometer
244:projects.
238:government
194:university
186:Fontenelle
78:1705-10-12
59:1663-08-31
849:1202.1716
772:0022-2305
447:lubricant
254:barometer
214:surveying
150:physicist
884:23545778
842:: 1586.
803:Friction
734:1, 87-89
592:, Paris.
561:31374052
500:See also
489:Amontons
480:Member,
398:friction
358:Friction
321:gas laws
311:and the
286:pressure
256:(1695),
178:Normandy
154:friction
146:inventor
875:3613807
854:Bibcode
714:, in:
611:, in:
491:on the
475:Honours
468:Coulomb
458:gravity
439:Coulomb
383:gravity
371:vectors
337:Celsius
210:drawing
130:Physics
76: (
57: (
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578:: 150.
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484:(1690)
385:, and
272:) for
226:France
216:, and
204:, and
200:, the
174:lawyer
126:Fields
95:French
46:, 1690
942:18-19
844:arXiv
512:Notes
317:water
294:gases
222:Paris
176:from
928:ISBN
912:ISBN
908:1972
880:PMID
768:ISSN
557:OCLC
547:ISBN
493:Moon
309:cold
288:and
232:Work
168:Life
148:and
71:Died
52:Born
870:PMC
862:doi
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292:in
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