Griffin - Knowledge

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unknown creature by its features: body like a mammal but head with raptor's beak, dwelling in Eastern deserts on way to gold deposits, lays eggs in nest on the ground. No living animal has these characteristics, but some dinosaurs had all of these features, leading to the question of whether ancient nomads who first told Greeks about griffins could have observed fossil skeletons of beaked dinosaurs and nests with eggs. Traffic went both ways on the ancient trade routes; this means that tales related to strange creatures with four legs and beaks, and nests and eggs on the ground, were recounted by traders and gold seekers traveling west from China, and transmitted to the Greco-Roman world through translators. On their way to the gold-dust-bearing gullies of the Altai ("Gold") Mountains and Tien Shan gold belts, travelers from the east would pass through the Gobi and then arrive in Issedonian territory (Issedon Serica and Issedon Scythica, desert stations where the griffin was first described to Greeks), having observed or heard garbled descriptions of strange beaked quadrupeds east of those points.

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Indian artists, when they represent the Sun, yoke four of them abreast to draw the images ; and in size and strength they resemble lions, but having this advantage over them that they have wings, they will attack them, and they get the better of elephants and of dragons. But they have no great power of flying, not more than have birds of short flight; for they are not winged as is proper with birds, but the palms of their feet are webbed with red membranes, such that they are able to revolve them, and make a flight and fight in the air; and the tiger alone is beyond their powers of attack, because in swiftness it rivals the winds".

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be on this half, and more great and stronger than an hundred eagles such as we have amongst us. For one griffin there will bear, flying to his nest, a great horse, if he may find him at the point, or two oxen yoked together as they go at the plough. For he hath his talons so long and so large and great upon his feet, as though they were horns of great oxen or of bugles or of kine, so that men make cups of them to drink of. And of their ribs and of the pens of their wings, men make bows, full strong, to shoot with arrows and quarrels.

9418: 59: 1564: 1656: 48: 9450: 1715: 2467: 2127: 1037: 251: 3302: 2699: 3336: 1735: 9784: 570: 1640: 3017: 2602: 1358: 1255:, d. 235 AD) added certain other embellishments, such as its reputation of "black plumage on its back with a red chest and white wings". Aelian was the last source on the griffin to add fresh information on the griffin, and late writers (into medieval times) merely rehashed existing material on griffins, with the exception of the lore about their "agate eggs" which emerged at some indistinct time later on (cf. infra). 317: 2253:

away) may have been rendered as large mammal-type external ears, and its beak may be treated as evidence of a part-bird nature and led to stylized wings being added to accord with the creature's avian-like attributes.The narrow, elongated scapula of beaked dinosaurs resembles that of birds and this avian feature may have suggested to ancient observers that the creature had wings.

1247:.. so impassable that, in addition, they prevent those who deliberately travel here from seeing anything. After that comes a region of very rich soil but quite uninhabitable because griffins, a savage and tenacious breed of wild beasts, love.. the gold that is mined from deep within the earth there, and because they guard it with an amazing hostility to those who set foot there. 913: 998:, etc., cf. fig. right). Early Greek and early Etruscan (e.g. the Barberini) examples of cauldron-griffins may have been of Syric-Urartian make, based on evidence (the "tendrils" or "tresses" motif was already touched upon, above), but "Vannic (Urartian) originals" have yet to be found (in the Orient). It has thus been controversially argued (by 1033:, who engraved the image of a griffin attacking a horse. Other Scythian artifacts show griffins attacking horses, stags, and goats. Griffins are typically shown attacking horses, deer, and humans in Greek art. Nomads were said to steal griffin-guarded gold according to Scythian oral traditions reported by Greek and Roman travelers. 2265:

fossils in Scythia. They further argue that the anatomies of griffins in Greek art are clearly based on those of living creatures, especially lions and eagles, and that there are no features of griffins in Greek art that can only be explained by the hypothesis that the griffins were based on fossils.

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and other fossils, seen by ancient observers, may have been interpreted as evidence of a half-bird-half-mammal creature. She argues that repeated oral descriptions and artistic attempts to illustrate a bony neck frill (which is rather fragile and may have been frequently broken or entirely weathered

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In that country be many griffins, more plenty than in any other country. Some men say that they have the body upward as an eagle and beneath as a lion; and truly they say sooth, that they be of that shape. But one griffin hath the body more great and is more strong than eight lions, of such lions as

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Because the lion was traditionally considered the king of the beasts, and the eagle the king of the birds, by the Middle Ages, the griffin was thought to be an especially powerful and majestic creature. Since classical antiquity, griffins were known for guarding treasures and priceless possessions.

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By the 12th century, the appearance of the griffin was substantially fixed: "All its bodily members are like a lion's, but its wings and mask are like an eagle's." It is not yet clear if its forelimbs are those of an eagle or of a lion. Although the description implies the latter, the accompanying

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people neighboring region to the Arimaspi, in the northern extremes (of Central Asia). Aeschylus also concurs that the Arimaspi robbed the gold which the griffins collected from various areas in the periphery (presumably including the Armaspi's territorial stream, the stream of Pluto "rolling with

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that succeeded Sumer, early examples (from early 3rd millennium BC) of lions with bird heads appeared on cylinder seals, shown pulling the chariots for its rider, the weather god. The "lion-griffin" on Akkadian seals are also shown as fire-belching, and shaggy (at the neck) in particular examples.

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There may also be so-called "tendrils", or curled "spiral-locks" depicted, presumably representing either hair/mane or feather/crest locks dangling down. Single- or double-streaked tendrils hang down both sides and behind the griffin's neck, carven on some of the Greek protomes. The tendril motif

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says these appendages were "topknots" subsequently rendered as "knobs" in later development of the cauldron Griffins. Benson's emphasis is that the Greeks attached a stylized "anorganic" topknot or an "inorganic" plug on the griffin's head (due to lack of information), while in contrast, a known

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As to the gold which the griffins dig up, there are rocks which are spotted with drops of gold as with sparks, which this creature can quarry because of the strength of its beak. "For these animals do exist in India" he said, "and are held in veneration as being sacred to the Sun ; and the

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maintains the position that Luristan examples must be counted as developments of the "lion-griffin" type, even when it exhibits "stylization .. approaching the beak of a bird". The Luristan griffin-like creatures resemble and perhaps are descended from Assyrian creatures, possibly influenced by

5122:, p. 110: "The immediate source of non-Mesopotamian motives in Assyrian art is the kingdom of Mitan"; "The griffin is as common in Mitannian (Figs. 21, 22) as in Assyrian art, and the question arises whether it was peculiar to the ephemereal kingdom, or reached it from one of the sources". 2244:

descriptions of griffins as real animals of Asia in a lost work by Aristeas (referenced by Herodotus, ca. 450 BC) and ending with Aelian (3rd century AD), the last ancient author to report any "new" details about the griffin. Mayor took a paleo-cryptozoological approach, trying to identify the

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There is said to be a legend that a griffin's claw was made into a cup and dedicated to Cuthbert. As a matter of fact, griffin claws were frequently fashioned into goblets (drinking cups) in medieval Europe, and specific examples can be given, such as Charlemagne's griffin-claw drinking horn,

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10), as the tale incorporates the song in Italian, supposedly sung by the bones of the murdered finder of the feather). It may not be a griffin's feather but another kind of avian plumage (peacock feather) that remedies blindness in other Italian variants of this folktale type.

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And the griffins of the Indians and the ants of the Ethiopians, though they are dissimilar in form, yet, from what we hear, play similar parts; for in each country they are, according to the tales of poets, the guardians of gold, and devoted to the gold reefs of the two

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wrote that griffins did not have true bird wings, but only membranous webbed feet that only gave them capability of short-distanced flight. Writers after Aelian (3rd century AD) did not add new material to griffin lore, except for the later lore that griffins deposited

2483: 1199:, India, and this has been interpreted by modern scholars as "doublets or garbled versions" of the lore of gold-hoarding griffins. It appears that the accounts of griffins given by Pliny had been admixed with the lore of these gold-guarding ants of India, and later 1233:, who was nearly coeval with Pliny, gave a somewhat unique account of the griffin, claiming them to be lion-sized, and having no true wings, and instead had paws "webbed with red membranes", that gave them ability to makes leaps of flight of only a short distance. 2099:, after Dante and Virgil's journey through Hell and Purgatory has concluded, Dante meets a chariot dragged by a griffin in Earthly Paradise. Immediately afterwards, Dante is reunited with Beatrice. Dante and Beatrice then start their journey through Paradise. 2260:

has contested this hypothesis. Witton and Richard A. Hing argue that it ignores the existence of depictions of hybrid creatures bird's heads on mammal bodies throughout the Near East dating to long before the time when Mayor posits the Greeks became aware of

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Alleged griffin's claws, eggs, and feathers were held as valuable objects, but actually derived from exotic animals, etc. The eggs were often ostrich eggs, or in rare cases, fossilized dinosaur eggs. The feather is a piece of forgery, an object crafted from

5827:, pp. 40, 42 : "Pliny wrote: 'Arimaspeans... are always fighting for gold with the griffins, winged animals whose appearance is well known. The griffins toss up gold when they make their burrows.'" and n11, citing 11. Pliny the Elder 10.70.136; 7.2.10 5039:

Fishbane's example from early 3rd millennium BC is a four-wheeled chariot, citing Pritchard. There is another four-wheeled chariot which generally match the description, held by the Morgan Library (shelfmark Morgan Seal 220), dated to between 2340 and 2150

4173: 4143: 982:, but the animal called the gryps, gryphon, or griffin in Greek writings did not appear in Greek art until about 700 BC, or rather, it was "rediscovered" as artistic motif in the 8th to 7th centuries BC, adapting the style of griffin current in 374: 606:, figure right) also bear the "curled tresses" that are the signature of Uratrian workmanship. Even the ornate crests on Minoan griffins (such as the fresco of the Throne Room, figure top of page) may be a development of these curled tresses. 4501:

as "Crusher", which is consistent with one of Leibovitch's several glosses.<!!-- But David note 8 indicates the source to be Newberry 1893b (Beni Hasan II), Pl. 16, which probably should by Griffith & Newberry (El-Bersheh II)0, Pl.

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The griffin of Greece, as depicted in cast bronze cauldron protomes (cf. below), has a squat face with short beaks that are open agape as if screaming, with the tongue showing. There is also a "top-knob" on its head or between the brows.

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The idea that griffins hated horses can be explained as an offshoot of the lore that griffins had their gold stolen by horseback-riding Arimaspians. The griffin were already being depicted attacking the horse in ancient art, as on the

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observed on the way to gold deposits by nomadic prospectors of ancient Scythia (Central Asia). This speculation is based on Greek and Latin literary sources and related artworks in a specific time frame, beginning with the first

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While Maxwell-Hyslop, thought early griffin protomes were made in the east, she regarded later Etruscan examples as being made locally, imitating the Eastern originals, but such "Vannic (Urartrians) originals" are yet to be

3269: 196:(mid 5th century BC), but the physical descriptions are not very explicit. Thus even though they are sharp-beaked, their being likened to "unbarking hounds of Zeus" has led to the speculation they were seen as wingless. 1575:

Griffins also appear on a wide range of medieval luxury objects, such as textiles, and in these contexts are part of a shared visual language deployed by artisans in the Byzantine, western medieval, and Islamic worlds.

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was adopted during the university's centennial in 1969. The seal, approved by the Board of Trustees, was designed by Prof. Al Gowan, formerly at Purdue. It replaced an unofficial one that had been in use for 73 years.

796:. Russian jewelry historian Elena Neva maintained that the Achaemenids considered the griffin "a protector from evil, witchcraft, and secret slander", but no writings exist from Achaemenid Persia to support her claim. 3319: 591:

emerged at the beginning of the first millennium, BC., in various parts of the Orient. The "double spiral of hair running downwards from the base of the ear" is said to be a hallmark of Iranian (Uratrian) art. The

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they note that Greek accounts of griffins describe them as living creatures, not ancient skeletons, and that some of the details of these accounts suggest griffins are purely imaginary, not inspired by fossils.

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and now housed in the Bibliothèque Nationale, is a drinking cup made of a bovine horn. Additional ornamentation were attached to it, such as a gilt copper leg for it to stand on, realistically resembling the

2717:. The college's debating society is known as the Gryphon, and the notes of its master emeritus show it to be one of the oldest debating institutions in the country, significantly older than the more famous 389:, which is generally regarded as a mythological bird (rather than a composite) in later medieval Persian literature, though some argue that this bird may have originated from the Mesopotamian lion-griffin. 3734:

Mayor's reasoning being that Aeschylus elsewhere refers to eagles as "winged dogs of Zeus". However this seems contradictory to Apollonius being able to refer to winged harpies as "Zeus' dogs", as noted

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Benson thinks using a simplified "plug" shape was the Greek "solution" to the problem of not knowing exactly what 3-dimensional shape to use, having only access to 2-dimensional renderings from the East.

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is said to have obtained claw and egg: two claws and two eggs were registered in the 1383 inventory of the saint's shrine, but the two-feet claws that still remain on display have been identified as

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The "š" glyph seems to be 𓈚 rathe than 𓈙 and are thus superposed in Leibovitch's inline text; however the glyps are juxtaposed and seemingly the plain bar "š" is used on his Fig. 5 line sketch.

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A cluster of "warts" between the eyes are also mentioned. One conjecture is that these derive from the bumps (furrows) on a lion's snout. Another view regards the wart as deriving from the bumpy

544:, although in some older illustrations griffins have a lion's forelegs (see bronze figure, right); they generally have a lion's hindquarters. Its eagle's head is conventionally given prominent 3540:

The example on figure right is the broken off head, and it is not certain whether the paired spiral-locks ran down its neck, as in other examples of griffin protomes from Olympia (Jantzen,

4865:, p. 321: "wart-like protuberances between the eyes..natural property of the lion". An example from the east is given as Fig. 10: "Lion-griffin. Middle Assyrian (after Corpus 596)". 369: 7096: 2223:, a classical folklorist and historian of science, has speculated that the way the Greeks imagined griffins from the seventh century BC onwards may have been influenced in part by the 2020:

origin. It is the largest bronze medieval Islamic sculpture known, at over 3 feet tall (42.5 inches, or 1.08 m), and was probably created in the 11th century AD in

237:(7th century AD) wrote that griffins were a great enemy of horses. This notion may have readily developed from the tradition that horseback-riding Arimaspians raided the griffin gold. 1785:. This distinction is not found outside of British heraldry; even within it, male griffins are much rarer than winged ones, which are not given a specific name. One example is 3115: 2828:

in San Francisco, CA was chosen by the student body by popular vote to be the griffin after the Golden Gate University Griffins, where they operated out of from 1997 to 2000.

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art. It became quite popular in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, when the Greeks first began to record accounts of the "gryps" creature from travelers to Asia, such as

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Griffins in heraldry are usually portrayed with the rear body of a lion, an eagle's head with erect ears, a feathered breast, and the forelegs of an eagle, including claws.

1009:) that these attachments had always since the earliest times been crafted by Greek workshops, added to the plain cauldrons imported from the Near East. Detractors (notably 1424:

Mountains. In every part of their body they are lions, and in wings and heads are like eagles, and they are fierce enemies of horses. Moreover they tear men to pieces".

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coinage of Attica. Apollo rode a griffin to Hyperboria each winter, leaving Delphi, or so it was believed. Apollo riding griffin is known from multiple examples of

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In British heraldry, a male griffin is shown without wings, its body covered in tufts of formidable spikes, with a short tusk emerging from the forehead, as for a

1013:) believe that (early examples of) the griffin-ornamented cauldron, in its entirely, were crafted in the East, though excavated finds from the Orient are scarce. 7058: 1447:

Despite Isidore passing on classical without religious connotation, the griffin, being a union of an aerial bird and a terrestrial beast, came to be regarded in

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Goblets in the shape of gryphon's claws or eggs were highly prized in the courts of medieval Europe, and were usually made from antelope horns and ostrich eggs.

1316:, a griffin-themed bronze "wine-cup" or "cauldron" had been installed, according to Herodotus. The vessel was attached griffin heads around the rim (like the 1153:

of Proconnesus, a Greek who traveled to the Altai region between Mongolia and NW China in the 7th century BC. Although Aristeas's original poem was lost, the

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agreed with Jantzen that the protomes were always Greek, but disagreed with Jantzen on the caudron, and doubted cauldrons were separately made in the East.

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Dionysus was also depicted on a griffin-chariot or mounting griffin; the motif was borrowed from the god Apollo due to "syncretism between the two gods".

4299:"Irano-Talmudica II: Leviathan, Behemoth and the 'Domestication' of Iranian Mythological Creatures in Eschatological Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud" 2502: 2443: 7903:. North Carolina Studies in Romance Languages and Literatures 33 (revised ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 122–123. 1025:, the griffin image was included in Scythian "animal style" artifacts of the 6th–4th centuries BC, but no writings explain their meaning. The 2992: 1789:, whose badge was described as featuring a "peyr keythongs". It is possible that the male griffin/keythong originated as a derivation of the heraldic 4146:; Pičikian, Igor R. (1995), Invernizzi, Antonio (ed.), "An Achaemenian griffin handle from the Temple of the Oxus: the makhaira in Northern Bactria", 3917: 3574: 1176:

to "silent hounds of Zeus" That they are called dogs or hounds here has led to the conjecture that Aeschylus considered them wingless or flightless.

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became the first to explicitly state the griffins as having wings and long ears. In one of the two passages, Pliny also located the "griffons" in

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workmanship (neither Assyrian or Scythian), though the hoard itself may have represented a Scythian burial. The animal is described as having a "

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A slightly different interpretation was that the griffin symbolized the pope or papacy rather than Christ himself, as proposed by French critic

7747: 4608:(pharaoh of Fifth Dynasty of Egypt). A relief represents Sahure as an enemy-trampling griffin in the reliefs work found in his pyramid complex. 1515:

The supposed claws were often turned into drinking cups (and griffin egg artifacts were also used as goblets, according to heraldry scholars).

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is another heraldic variety of griffin, which is depicted with the head and wings of an eagle, the body and legs of a lion, and the tail of a

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Griffins may be shown in a variety of poses, but in British heraldry are never shown with their wings closed. Heraldic griffins use the same

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Infrequently, a griffin is portrayed without wings, or a wingless eagle-headed lion is identified as a griffin. In 15th-century and later

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Another monster is seen just above; a lion with the head of a hawk, the wings of an eagle, and the horns and feathers of a god... called

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has used the term "Griffin Eye" for its intelligence surveillance platform based on a Hawker Beechcraft King Air 35ER civilian aircraft.

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Gerald Leigh, in his work on heraldry (1563), surmised from his claw that the original griffin must have been as "bigge as two lyons".

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One prominent characteristic of the cauldron griffins is the "top-knob between the brows" (seemingly situated at the top of the head).

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version of the Bible uses griffon for a creature referred to as vulture or ossifrage in other English translations (Leviticus 11:13).

5964:, n14: "Aelian is the last literary text dealing with the griffin considered here; after his account,.. no new information about the 3889: 1157:

lore preserved in secondhand accounts by the playwright Aeschylus (ca. 460 BC), and later his contemporary, Herodotus the historian.

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Wien: Herman Böhlaus, 1963. (Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philologisch-historische Klasse, Sitzungberichte, 241).

7348: 4595:, p. 2 citing Leibovitch, but the words do not actually occur as names/epithets in Leibovitch's reading of the inscription: " 3708:

But "Herdotus doubted that Arimaspeans were monocular".The Scythian word "arimasp" signifies "rich in horses rather than one-eyed

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Phillips, E. D. (1955). "The Legend of Aristeas: Fact and Fancy in Early Greek Notions of East Russia, Siberia, and Inner Asia".

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Magical Medicine: The Folkloric Component of Medicine in the Folk Belief, Custom, and Ritual of the Peoples of Europe and America

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The heraldic griffin "denote strength and military, courage and leadership", according to one source. That it became a Christian

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dating back to before 3000 BC. The oldest known depiction of a griffin-like animal in Egypt appears as a relief carving on

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by Mela (1st century) as quoted above, while the Hyperboreans are sometimes said to dwell further north than these mountains.

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Griffin seated l. on a fish, with rounded, feathered wing; around, magistrate's name Καλλιδαμασ; around, circle of dots.

3130: 2327: 2148: 1915:, is a heraldic variant of the griffin possessing the head and legs of the more common variant and the hindquarters of a 734: 7954: 7385: 3654:.) thought the Ziwiye griffin was a protome to a lost cauldron. Goldman thinks this unlikely, as the animal is posed in 2198: 1376:

The notion that griffins lay stones or agate instead of eggs was introduced "at some in the evolution of griffin lore".

9831: 8246: 7943: 7831: 5453: 5419: 5381: 5347: 4059: 3751: 2871: 1608: 1441: 1026: 722:(cf. fig. right) dates to the 4th millennium B.C., and is a unique example of a griffin-like animal with a male lion's 7066: 3081: 2666: 2028:

until replaced by a replica in 1832; the original is now in the Museo dell' Opera del Duomo (Cathedral Museum), Pisa.

8066: 7988: 7964: 7908: 7595: 7563: 7489: 6854: 6800: 6771: 6761: 6534: 6355: 6309: 6280: 6203: 6143: 6010: 5999:"13 Life on Earth and Death from Heaven: The Golden Pectoral of the Scythian King from the Tolstaya Mogila (Ukraine)" 5810: 4998: 4811:, p. 321: "the top-knob on the cauldron griffin is a straight-forward carryover from its oriental counterparts". 4740: 4576: 4481: 4310: 4155: 4051: 4021: 3100: 2898: 2793: 2685: 1294:

featured a statue of the god flanked by griffins, or so it can be presumed based on the representation struck on the

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Apollonius also compares the griffins to gold-gathering ants, though he places the ants not in India but in Africa (

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Herodotus explains (via Aristeas) that the gold-guarding griffin supposedly dwelled further north from the one-eyed

804:, from the 4th century BC, perhaps serving as an emblem of the kingdom of Macedon or a personal emblem of 7331: 6191: 1267:

but here, the identifiable attested "accounts" presented in scholarship are largely not literary, but artistic, or

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In addition to the Throne Room, Goldman provides the following Mycenaean examples: the "ivory plaque of Mycenae" (

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Leibovitch, J. (1942). "Quelques éléments de la décoration égyptienne sous le Nouvel Empire : Le Griffon".

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in April 2010. The griffin was chosen because it is the combination of the British lion and the American eagle.

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mentions that he attempted to create a griffin but could not obtain the "necessary eagle eggs and lion semen".

3060: 3038: 2645: 2623: 2361:, there is a Digimon called Gryphomon who is based on the depiction of a griffin that has a snake-headed tail. 1101:

In ancient Crete, griffins became very popular, and were portrayed in various media. A similar creature is the

346:), meaning 'lion-eagle'. However, the practice of referring to ancient Iranian griffin objects or monuments as 8131: 5944:

IV , 27:"Gryphem, Indicum animal, audio similiter quadrupedem, ut leonem,.." Quoted in English translation by

5505:, p. 326: "the griffin-headed bird appears in the orientalizing phase of seventh century B.C. Greek art". 2512:(1915–1993), was adopted as the official symbol of the city of Heraklion on 22 March 1961 (cf. figure right). 9846: 9793: 5998: 5837: 5802: 5788: 5015:"Worshiper pouring libation before goddess standing on lion-griffin that draws chariot driven by weather god" 4177: 3847:

The design of the griffin is a mock-up of Minoan art, but the inscription language is archaicized Greek, not

3564: 3311: 2411:("golden griffon"), and the school house named after him uses the symbol of a Griffin as their house mascot. 1952: 1923:. Sea-griffins are present on the arms of a number of German noble families, including the Mestich family of 1341: 864: 106: 7479: 6266: 6131: 6032: 5895: 4298: 296:

It could also have been an Anatolian loan word derived from a Semitic language; compare the Hebrew word for

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people who robbed the gold from the fabulous creatures. Aristeas is said to have been informed through the

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Le griffon de l'archaïsme a l'époque impériale: Étude iconographique et essai d'interpretation symbolique

6900: 4095:, "From the archaeological perspective, origin in Asia Minor (and the Near East: Elam) is very probable." 3979: 3514:

The cast pieces could also have additional hammered details. The "cast protomes" are grouped by Jantzen.

3155: 3067: 2976: 2912: 2760: 2652: 2349: 1832: 1459:, espoused by many commentators, who see this evidenced in the griffin that draws the chariot in Dante's 1409: 8919: 7433: 6973: 651: 8163: 8027: 6643: 6474: 4934: 4902: 4386: 2968: 2961: 2836: 2807: 2516: 2428: 2051: 1771:, with the exception that where a lion would be described as rampant a griffin is instead described as 1223:, Pliny also wrote, "griffins were said to lay eggs in burrows on the ground and these nests contained 8177: 2999:. A common mistake regarding this is the assumption that the griffin is the same as the mythical bird 2054:. They are most easily distinguished from griffins by their membranous, rather than feathered, wings. 1603:

Attestation of griffin's feather as cure for blindness does occur in an Italian folktale, classed as "

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The Gryphes are so called because they are winged quadrupeds. This kind of wild beast is found in the

342: 6957: 4791:

The positioning is between the brows, yet looks to be at the top of the head, as seen on the example

2840: 2524: 2321: 2297: 1287: 7511: 6873: 6646:(1716) observed a gilded "prodigious claw" referred to as a griffin's claw while touring the Danube. 5541:, p. 156 viewed later examples to have been western, copied from eastern "originals" (cited by 3049: 2634: 2102: 1951:. It is sometimes wingless. The opinicus is rarely used in heraldry, but appears in the arms of the 1188:, had located the griffins in India, and more explicitly classed them as beaked, four-legged birds. 532: 9836: 9613: 9109: 8636: 5794: 4400: 3034: 2818: 2619: 2528: 2345: 2285: 2035:

decoration the griffin is usually represented as a four-footed beast with wings and the head of an

1169:

gold"). The equestrian Arimaspi would ride off with the loot, and the griffins would give pursuit.

1065: 990:

of Proconnesus. A number of bronze griffin protomes on cauldrons have been unearthed in Greece (on

577: 39: 35: 31: 17: 5705: 2519:

uses a griffin for its production company. Merv Griffin Entertainment was founded by entrepreneur

1725: 9776: 9738: 9130: 9069: 9009: 8396: 8341: 8306: 8171: 7549: 7045:

Fictitious and Symbolic Creatures in Art: With Special Reference to Their Use In British Heraldry

4041: 3973: 3027: 2938: 2832: 2710: 2612: 1646: 1531: 1471: 379:

argued for the possibility that the application of this term may extend to the griffin. The term

9631: 9580: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 7553: 7454: 6817: 5651: 5241: 5192: 1544: 1495: 184:

were associated with gold deposits of Central Asia. The earliest classical writings derive from

8512: 8489: 8445: 8384: 8239: 8206: 8056: 8031: 7980:

Bronze Monsters and the Cultures of Wonder: Griffin Cauldrons in the Preclassical Mediterranean

7978: 7898: 7821: 7777: 7687: 7649: 7585: 7574: 7484:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, imprint of Penn State University Press. pp. 299–373. 7281:

Philadelphia Museum of Art – Giving : Giving to the Museum : Specialty License Plates

6788: 6738:

McClanan, A (2019). "Illustrious Monsters: Representations of Griffins on Byzantine Textiles".

6524: 6418:, Columbia Studies in the Social Sciences, 48, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 225 6003:

Archaeology of Greece and Rome: Image, Text and Context. Studies In Honour of Anthony Snodgrass

4890: 4730: 4369: 4178:"Copper cauldrons from Gilgit and Central Asia: more about Saka and Dards and related problems" 3418: 2932: 2905: 2825: 2730: 2333: 1740: 1704: 1129: 97: 9408: 7397: 6844: 6834: 6478: 6413: 6345: 5337: 3992:→ Αβδηριτων on border of an incuse square; within, smaller linear square in four compartments. 3569: 3559: 3466:) which also denoted a bird (falcon or eagle), and not a composite, as conceded by Litvinskij. 1681: 1061:

protective deity, often depicted with a bull or lion's body, eagle's wings, and human's head.

202:(1st century) was the first to explicitly state that griffins were winged and long eared. But 8517: 8467: 8462: 8440: 8324: 7773: 6302:

A Passion for Antiquities: Ancient Art from the Collection of Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman

5371: 4988: 4894: 4469: 4404: 4394: 4390: 3911: 3764:. gives the definition: "Furnished with ears (acc. to auris, l.), having long or large ears". 3696: 3670:(1950), "Le trésor de Ziwiye" at Fig. 30, considered the object a Scythinan import. Cited by 2928: 2880: 2814: 2341: 2303: 1995: 592: 7609: 6105: 5443: 5411: 5280: 4896:

Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravées de style oriental : Musée du Louvre

2050:

are sometimes mistaken for griffins, but are in fact (Tudor) dragons, the supporters of the

9636: 8423: 8389: 8281: 6106:"Red-figure hydria with Apollo riding a griffin, ca. 380–360 B.C. (Object number: 2003-92)" 5270: 4604:

the lord of the mountain countries, who crushes (trampling them)". The inscription is from

4325: 3912: 3898: 3822: 3774: 3722: 3365: 3325:

A griffin portrayed in a mythical land located south of the world's known continents, from

3163: 2887: 2734: 2718: 2703: 2448: 1821: 1429: 1263:

The griffin has been associated with various deities (Apollo, Dionysus, Nemesis), in Greek

1010: 960: 844: 726:. However, this monster then ceased to continue to be expressed after the Elamite culture. 455: 65: 5049:

Frankfort's example is a two-wheeled chariot in the seal-impression image shown on Fig. 4.

1968: 8: 9494: 9292: 9274: 9064: 8647: 8599: 8574: 8276: 6995: 6953: 6262: 6028: 5276:

Hierakonpolis ...: Plates of discoveries, 1898-99, with Description of the site in detail

5148: 4208: 4074: 3813:

Mayor seems to suggest it may have been the "carved ivory horn" obtained as a gift from

3579: 3378: 3359: 3184: 2745: 2114: 1764: 1475: 1230: 1087: 1058: 548:; these are sometimes described as the lion's ears, but are often elongated (more like a 417: 203: 7971:

Isidore's entries contain traditional folkloric material, but without Christian allegory

6165:

at si Phoebus adest et frenis grypha iugalem / Riphaeo tripodas repetens detorsit ab axe

5097:, p. 324 and Pl. 90, Fig. 12 "Luristan lion head" (which has the beak-like feature) 2279:

Griffins, like many other fictional creatures, frequently appear within works under the

1069: 882:

Griffin-type creatures combining raptor heads and mammalian bodies were depicted in the

835:" (i.e., beaks) made by Urartian craftsmen, similar to what is found on Greek protomes. 9688: 9661: 8989: 8934: 8884: 8795: 8785: 8722: 8697: 8632: 8607: 8579: 8479: 8266: 8043: 8015: 7861: 7805: 7797: 7741: 7717: 7672: 7637: 7629: 7528: 7499: 7162: 6409: 5798: 4353: 4345: 4247: 4007: 3856: 3756: 3255: 3201: 2722: 2572: 2453:

was erected in 2007 at the forecourt of the Farkashegyi cemetery in Budapest, Hungary.

2366: 2107: 2073: 1611:

780). There is also a study that considers the griffin's feather tale as a variant of "

1405: 1325: 1299: 824: 715: 601: 234: 153: 6740:

Animals in Text and Textile: Storytelling in the Medieval World, Riggisberger Berichte

4328:(1947), "Two Manichæan Magical Texts with an Excursus on the Parthian Ending -ēndēh", 4132:(36). Faculty of Literature and Humanities Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman: 21–41. 2964:'s highlight attraction is a dive coaster called the "Griffon", which opened in 2007. 1484:, completed c. 1185) clearly depicted the two-colored bird as symbolic of the Church. 1036: 9816: 9605: 9536: 9527: 9421: 9150: 8755: 8627: 8566: 8544: 8522: 8406: 8358: 8232: 8062: 7984: 7960: 7956:

The Book of Fabulous Beasts: A Treasury of Writings from Ancient Times to the Present

7939: 7904: 7883: 7827: 7809: 7676: 7641: 7591: 7559: 7485: 7280: 7263: 7025: 7015: 6991: 6933: 6908: 6879: 6850: 6796: 6767: 6718: 6530: 6520: 6351: 6305: 6276: 6199: 6139: 6006: 5921: 5901: 5806: 5701: 5449: 5415: 5377: 5343: 4994: 4905:. The "S" indicates Susa expedition, under the direction of J. de Morgan (1897–1912). 4736: 4572: 4477: 4357: 4306: 4151: 4082: 4055: 4047: 4017: 3952: 3235: 3074: 2752: 2659: 2404: 2065: 1844: 1836: 1814: 1721: 1593: 1480: 1433: 1252: 1244: 1200: 1076:. This was a divine storm-bird linked with the southern wind and the thunder clouds. 1053:

Several ancient mythological creatures are similar to the griffin. These include the

944: 843:

Representations of griffin-like hybrids with four legs and a beaked head appeared in

498:. The descriptive epithet "Tearer" is not uniquely applied to the griffin beast, and 401: 393: 354: 275:

The derivation of this word remains uncertain. It could be related to the Greek word

223: 7373: 6715:

The Book of Beasts: Being a Translation From a Latin Bestiary of the Twelfth Century

5994: 5014: 4474:

Picturing Royal Charisma: Kings and Rulers in the Near East from 3000 BCE to 1700 CE

4361:; Reprinted in Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques ed. (1977) "B. Henning selected papers", 3821:. However, the ivory horn given by the caliph seems more likely to be Charlemagne's 1518:

A number of medieval griffin's claws existed, sometimes purported to be very large.

9417: 9373: 9361: 9282: 9084: 8889: 8836: 8831: 8765: 8750: 8692: 8657: 8507: 8502: 8435: 8401: 8329: 8150:

Gryps-Greif-Gryphon (Griffon). Eine sprach-, kultur- und stoffgeschichtliche Studie

8103: 8007: 7853: 7789: 7709: 7664: 7621: 7435:...but my parents were unwilling to secure the necessary eagle eggs and lion semen. 7253: 7112: 6516: 6480:

The Writings of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, with Bibliographical and Critical Notes

5657: 4984: 4901:

Items S. 366 (Pl. 44, fig. 10); S. 367 (Pl. 44, fig. 11); S. 368 (Pl. 45, fig. 2)

4337: 4239: 2942: 2844: 2764: 2738: 2543: 2400: 1866:

is a related legendary creature, supposedly the offspring of a griffin and a mare.

1604: 1456: 1428:

Isidore's localization of the griffins in the mountains of Hyperborea derives from

1192: 1079: 852: 764:

depicting both the "bird-griffin" and "lion-griffin" designs, such as are found on

337: 329: 227: 7857: 6969: 6192:"14. Party animals: the imagery of status, power and masculinity in Greek mosaics" 5405: 3884: 1563: 1487:

At any rate, the griffin can be found sculpted at a number of Christian churches.

951:

and miniature frescos dated to this period. One early example of griffin-types in

540:

Most statuary representations of griffins depict them with bird-like forelegs and

58: 9788: 9700: 9385: 9230: 9215: 9210: 9145: 8826: 8790: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8617: 8589: 8363: 8286: 8123: 7935: 7920: 7697: 7683: 7605: 7461: 6757: 6341: 5843: 5784: 3926: 3848: 3814: 3761: 3613: 3345: 3307: 3292: 3239: 3223: 2714: 2568: 2551: 2539: 2309: 2203: 2135: 2084: 1612: 1377: 1274:

The griffin was naturally linked to Apollo, given the existence of the cultus of

1212: 995: 979: 927: 860: 769: 753: 745: 454:), and this must have meant a "griffin or a monster like a griffin" according to 365: 199: 117: 51: 47: 9449: 8904: 8202:, source texts in Greek, Hebrew, and Old English, with new English translations. 7823:

The First Fossil Hunters: Dinosaurs, Mammoths, and Myth in Greek and Roman Times

7650:"Hunting the Eschata: An Imagined Persian Empire on the Lekythos of Xenophantos" 5445:

Egyptian Iconography on Syro-Palestinian Cylinder Seals of the Middle Bronze Age

5373:

Egyptian Iconography on Syro-Palestinian Cylinder Seals of the Middle Bronze Age

3667: 3651: 3593:

An additional example of Etruscan griffin is the one found in Vetulonia, Italy.

2864: 9712: 9678: 9671: 9225: 9190: 8982: 8909: 8894: 8874: 8612: 8457: 8452: 8346: 8334: 7873: 7841: 7817: 7729: 6196:

Sociable Man: Essays on Ancient Greek Social Behaviour in Honour of Nick Fisher

5891: 5707:

Aischulou Promētheus desmōtēs. The Prometheus vinctus, from the text of Dindorf

5586: 5554:

Jantzen (1951). "Die Bedeutung der Greifenprotomen aus dem Heraion von Samos".

5174: 5070:

Frankfort classed it as a "winged, tailed, and taloned dragon which spat fire".

4212: 3216: 3189: 3134: 2972: 2941:'s mascot "Aguileon" is a griffin. The name "Aguileon" is a compound using two 2379: 2257: 2235: 2220: 2212: 2047: 2040: 2025: 1988: 1979: 1552: 1236: 1220: 1004: 931: 797: 793: 761: 699: 479: 427: 358: 262: 133: 8128:

Il grifone: Storia di un motivo iconografico nell'antico Oriente mediterraneo.

8107: 7932:

The Book of Gryphons: A History of the Most Majestic of All Mythical Creatures

7625: 7519:

Benson, J. L. (1960). "Unpublished Griffin Protomes in American Collections".

7410: 7258: 7245: 4341: 1396:) among its eggs" to change the ambient temperature and enhance reproduction. 9810: 9760: 9695: 9666: 9326: 9250: 9182: 8271: 7689:

The Arts of Ancient Iran: From Its Origins to the Time of Alexander the Great

7267: 7116: 6822:. FF Communications, 147. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica. p. 55. 4148:

In the Land of the Gryphons: Papers on Central Asian Archaeology in Antiquity

3524: 3341: 3247: 2535: 2375: 2283:

genre. Examples of fantasy-oriented franchises that feature griffins include

2229: 2160: 2143: 2089: 1540: 1102: 940: 856: 832: 777:

animals, or perhaps there had been parallel development in both Assyrian and

711: 9135: 7233:

Why Protoceratops Almost Certainly Wasn't The Inspiration For Griffin Legend

7029: 7012:

Giants, Monsters, and Dragons: an Encyclopedia of Folklore, Legend, and Myth

5407:

Beyond Babylon: Art, trade, and diplomacy in the second millennium B.C.

4330:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

2126: 1333:, according to the text, standing on a tripod shaped like colossal figures. 350:, is not followed by other current archaeological scholarship (e.g., here). 9773:

Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)

9750: 9728: 9683: 9561: 9220: 9125: 8760: 8687: 8652: 8497: 8430: 8353: 8291: 7478:Álvarez-Mon, Javier (2011). Álvarez-Mon, Javier; Garrison, Mark B. (eds.). 7305:"Ο Γρύπας, το μυθικό τέρας γίνεται το σύμβολο της πόλης του Ηρακλείου...". 4268: 3326: 3140: 2726: 2698: 2558: 2520: 2482: 2395: 2371: 2315: 2032: 2009: 1975: 1817: 1616: 1519: 1448: 1380:(d. 1280) attributes to other writers the claim that "this bird places an ' 1279: 1041: 1022: 972: 816: 581: 420:

characterized as the counterpart of the simurgh. However, the cognate term

9162: 8879: 8858: 7668: 6968: 6422: 2423:"Griff" Statue in the forecourt of the Farkashegyi Cemetery Budapest, 2007 2024:(Islamic Spain). From about 1100 it was placed on a column on the roof of 1275: 1243:

In Europe, constantly falling snow makes those places contiguous with the

800:(1973) remarks that a "lion-griffin" attacks a stag in a pebble mosaic at 9755: 9597: 9094: 9074: 8942: 8821: 8584: 8194: 7228: 6710: 4294: 3621: 2383: 2155: 2017: 1907: 1810: 1806: 1662: 1523: 1509: 1295: 1268: 1264: 1224: 1029:, interred in Scythian king's burial site, perhaps commissioned to Greek 983: 790: 765: 723: 707: 447: 321: 258: 9570: 9167: 8642: 8170: 8047: 7633: 7532: 7166: 6843:; Russo, Joseph, eds. (2009), "79. The King of Naples—Lu Re di Napuli", 1090:. The Bible mentions the Ziz in Psalms 50:11. This is also similar to a 668: 626:) is simple but more "plausible" (naturalistic), resembling a forelock. 9255: 9245: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9140: 9014: 8972: 8952: 8924: 8914: 8301: 8200:

Four Footed Winged Raptors Gryphons of Greece, Europe and the Near East

8019: 7865: 6840: 4251: 3818: 3146: 3041: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2996: 2626: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2557:

Similarly, prior to the mid-1990s a griffin formed part of the logo of

2547: 2131: 2095: 2021: 1862: 1700: 1572:

illustration is ambiguous. It was left to the heralds to clarify that.

1421: 964: 952: 895: 569: 495: 432: 413: 145: 129: 77: 9589: 8130:

Rome: Centro di studi semitici, Istituto di studi del Vicino Oriente,

7801: 7721: 6483:. Vol. 10. Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press. pp. 338, 351–352. 4349: 4303:

Shoshannat Yaakov: Jewish and Iranian studies in honor of Yaakov Elman

4016:. Vol. 2. Translated by Throop, Priscilla. MedievalMS. xii.2.17. 1353:

Stonemasonry with Griffins, late 11th-12th c, Gradina, Rakovac. Serbia

1203:

also inserted attributes of the ant into his description of griffins.

426:(glossed as 'griffin') also occurs in Middle Persian, attested in the 9656: 9260: 9240: 9235: 9044: 9029: 8846: 8551: 8210: 6258: 5697: 5647: 3787: 3412: 3369: 3212: 3000: 2473: 1928: 1828: 1655: 1597: 1283: 1216: 1165: 1095: 1030: 978:

The griffin-like hybrid became a fixture of Aegean culture since the

809: 805: 730: 635: 466:

The griffin was given names which were descriptive epithets, such as

368:

culture was a fabulous composite creature, and Russian archaeologist

215: 193: 189: 8899: 8775: 8011: 7793: 5296:, pp. 184–185 and Fig 3 (detail of griffin-like beast), citing 4568:

Ancient Egyptian Prisoner Statues: Fragments of the Late Old Kingdom

4243: 3016: 2601: 2466: 1693: 1567:

Byzantine silk with griffins, 11th century, now in Sion, Switzerland

1412:, and the griffin is classified as a "beast of prey". Thus Isidore ( 9745: 9287: 9172: 9099: 9079: 9024: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8527: 8255: 8142: 7713: 7196: 7153:

Mayor, Adrienne (November–December 1994). "Guardians of The Gold".

6437: 6091: 4403:. Sold at the Offices of the Egypt Exploration Fund. pp. 34–35 and 4122:"The Reflection of Mythological Concepts in Achaemenid Jewelry Art" 3852: 3835: 3406: 2988: 2810:

in Ottawa is the gryphon, and the team name is the Glebe Gryphons.

2291: 1880: 1772: 1757: 1734: 1589: 1357: 1303: 1161: 1150: 1109: 987: 917: 891: 757: 675: 185: 181: 157: 9506: 9458: 5779: 5777: 4470:"3. Hybridism as a Visual Mark of Divinity: The Case of Akhenaten" 3683:

That later griffin protomes are Greek-made is "without question" (

3438:

Abdera minted coins since it was founded in 544 BC as a colony of

2202:

Early historic references to the gryphon describe the area of the

9397: 9155: 9089: 9059: 9039: 9034: 9019: 8853: 8841: 8811: 8770: 8734: 8667: 8622: 8418: 8379: 7587:

Milton and the Natural World: Science and Poetry in Paradise Lost

5846:. W. Heinemann. 1912. volume I, book III. Chapter XLVIII, p. 333. 4598:

Spdw le seigneur des pays montagne, qui écrase (en les piétinant)

3456: 3394: 3208: 2357: 2280: 1924: 1920: 1779: 1666: 1381: 1321: 1196: 1185: 1054: 968: 920: 774: 738: 478:

meaning "Tearer" inscribed on a griffin image found in a tomb at

385: 219: 69: 6233: 6231: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 3773:

Apollonius of Tyana's writings, as recorded in his biography by

2979:" steel roller coaster, which features a griffin as its mascot. 1547:

located in Charlemagne's former capital of Aix-la-Chapelle (now

737:

portrayed instead were winged lions, and the lion-headed eagle (

9733: 9707: 9482: 9314: 9104: 8994: 8977: 8947: 8727: 8682: 8672: 8413: 8296: 8188: 7319: 6350:, Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, p. 290, 5948:, p. 33 and excerpted with somewhat different phrasing in 5774: 4840:, p. 62 and Fig. 5, griffin protome of stone, from Nimrud. 4605: 4293:

Kiperwasser, Reuven; Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2012), Secunda, Shai;

3922: 3180: 3173: 2916: 2848: 2436: 2432: 2387: 2224: 1999: 1753: 1714: 1548: 1536: 1329: 1291: 1125: 1117: 1113: 1091: 956: 948: 883: 828: 820: 718:) period. An example of a winged lion with beaks, unearthed in 623: 511: 297: 6649: 6604: 5771:, p. 42 and n11, citing Pliny the Elder 10.70.136; 7.2.10 5410:

Metropolitan Museum of Art and Yale University Press. p.

4496: 4013:

Isidore of Seville's Etymologies: Complete English Translation

3975:

Descriptive Catalogue of Greek Coins selected from the cabinet

3567:

shown right; the lions do not have these hanging tresses. Cf.

3475: 3200:

The latest fighter produced by the Saab Group bears the name "

3116:

The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe

2835:, an independent, co-ed, university preparatory day school in 1760:

and a guardian of the divine, was already touched upon above.

1639: 505: 499: 489: 483: 467: 9349: 9004: 8677: 8556: 8539: 6846:

The Collected Sicilian Folk and Fairy Tales of Giuseppe Pitrè

6666: 6664: 6492: 6490: 6253: 6251: 6228: 6085: 5469: 5317: 5078: 5076: 4955: 4908: 4601: 4505: 4472:, in David, Arlette; Milstein, Rachel; Ornan, Tallay (eds.), 3894: 3799: 3718: 3400: 3169: 3168:, a creature called "Griffin" is made by inserting a woman's 3128:

Griffins are also present in various animated series such as

2946: 2803:, one of the 16 colleges in Durham University, is a griffin. 2713:(founded 1555), originating from the family crest of founder 2165: 2036: 1948: 1827:

The red griffin rampant was the coat of arms of the dukes of

1802: 1452: 1362: 1313: 1073: 991: 887: 848: 827:, Iran resembles the western protomes in style. They were of 801: 549: 316: 250: 208: 165: 73: 7246:"Did the horned dinosaur Protoceratops inspire the griffin?" 5630: 5628: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5595: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4676: 4476:, Archaeopress Publishing Limited, pp. 52–53 and Table 3.1, 4442:

tštš.. signifie déchirer, triturer, couper, metter en pièces

4381: 4379: 4377: 2571:

previously used the griffin in their logo (Cf. Saab fighter

1072:, half man and half bird, associated with the chief sky god 9453: 8662: 8224: 8139:

Griffinology: The Griffin’s Place in Myth, History and Art.

8058:

Mythical and Fabulous Creatures: A Source Book and Research

7388:. Deadspin.com (7 April 2010). Retrieved on 2 January 2012. 6300:. In J. Paul Getty Museum; Cleveland Museum of Art (eds.). 6089:, ca. 400–300 BC. London, British Museum E 543. red-figure 5930:, vol. 1, Impensis Friderici Frommanni, pp. 53–54 5732: 5730: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5640: 5613: 4591:

The epithet "the Crusher" (or "Trampler") is also given by

4136: 3439: 3373: 2991:

features a griffin. The pattern of this design, created by

2950: 2562: 2077: 2013: 1916: 1885: 1768: 1432:(4th and 5th century). Griffins had already been localized 778: 719: 541: 161: 111: 6952:

Male griffin depicted in Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 222,

6681: 6679: 6661: 6487: 6248: 5520: 5073: 4761: 1841:

coat of arms of the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

1474:, who built this interpretation upon the observation that 1302:. And Apollo hitched griffins to his chariot according to 1179: 912: 7579:(in French). Brussels: Institut historique belge de Rome. 7464:. GA-ASI.com (20 July 2010). Retrieved on 2 January 2012. 7361: 6390: 5863: 5836: 5625: 5592: 5134:"Central Asian Jewelry and their Symbols in Ancient Time" 4700: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4546: 4534: 4374: 3388: 2582:

uses a griffin to represent protecting data and systems.

2579: 1083: 545: 536:

Bronze figure of a griffin, Roman period (AD 50–270)

5830: 5727: 5685: 5673: 5265: 5263: 1783: 815:

A golden frontal half of a griffin-like animal from the

7700:(October 1960). "The Development of the Lion-Griffin". 7286: 7134: 6676: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6558: 6546: 6380: 6378: 6171: 5660:. New York: Tandy-Thomas. III.16, IV.13 (pp. 146, 192). 5486: 5484: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4795:, p. 324 provides: Plate 90, fig. 1 (adapted from 4286: 4002: 4000: 3978:. Philadelphia: American Numismatic Society. p. 43 and 7844:; Heaney, Michael (1993). "Griffins and Arimaspeans". 7386:

Pantless Man-Bird To Lead William and Mary Into Battle

6978:

The Pursuivant of Arms, or Heraldry Founded upon Facts

6237: 6041: 5886: 5884: 5646: 5155:[Griffin in the ancient art of Central Asia]. 5151:(1959). "Grifon v drevnem iskusstve central'noi Azii" 5100: 4688: 4643: 4113: 3915:; David Robert Howlett; Richard Ashdowne (1975–2013). 3563:. The lateral side of the griffins are hard to see on 3277:

Meditationes emblematicae de restaurata pace Germaniae

2117:

wrote about them in his 14th century book of travels:

2080:

is one such poet who writes in reference to griffins.

1345:

A soldier fighting a griffin, 'Alphonso' Psalter, 1284

7400:. Wm.edu (8 April 2010). Retrieved on 2 January 2012. 7014:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 279. 6515: 6415:

An Encyclopedist of the Dark Ages: Isidore of Seville

6083:

Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum 202, red-figure cup/

5914: 5260: 1796: 1782:. In some blazons, this variant is termed a keythong. 1086:, which resembles Anzu, as well as the ancient Greek 440:

which also appears in the same text). Middle Persian

6826: 6691: 6587: 6570: 6375: 6363: 6334: 5481: 4868: 4814: 4103: 4101: 3997: 3624:(5 December 1953). "A Royal Tomb of Homeric Times", 54:

bowl with sitting griffin, gilted silver, from Iran.

6257: 5881: 5508: 3951:. London: Alphabooks/A & C Black. p. 173. 2785:features an ax-wielding griffin on its unit patch. 1813:, griffins commenced to be depicted as part of the 7349:"The New (Olde) Reed Almanac (continued): Griffin" 7244:Witton, Mark P.; Hing, Richard A. (20 June 2024). 7099:, City of London Corporation, hosted by webarchive 6849:, vol. 1&2, Routledge, pp. 348–349, 6408: 5208:, p. 63 and Pl. 2, #3 (monochrome photograph) 4292: 4142: 4006: 3984:144 AR Phoenician Tetradrachm; 14.94 gr.; 27 mm. 2403:has a griffin-shaped knocker. Also, the character 2193: 1140: 8181:. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. p. 195. 5920: 5900:. University of Michigan Press. Book 2.1, p. 68. 5545:, pp. 319–320) , as shall be iterated below. 4168: 4166: 4120:Asadi, Arezoo; Darvishi, Farangis (Winter 2020). 4098: 3918:Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources 3620:, fig. 24); the "gold cylinder seal from Pylos" ( 2748:, appearing also on the top of the school crest. 1843:, representing the historical region Vorpommern ( 1820:, rearing at the sides of the shield bearing the 1592:properties and one of its feathers could restore 1191:Herodotus also mentions elsewhere that there are 789:Bird-headed mammal images appeared in art of the 756:, the North and North West region of Iran in the 617:The top-knob feature has clear oriental origins. 9808: 7322:. Trinity.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2 January 2012. 7131:, Chapter XXIX, Macmillan and Co. edition, 1900. 7000:, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, pp. 231–232. 6005:, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 331–332, 5404:Aruz, Joan; Benzel, Kim; Evans, Jean M. (2008). 5342:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 139–140. 4885: 4883: 4446: 4385: 3204:" (Griffin), as a result of public competition. 2016:in Italy since the Middle Ages, though it is of 576:—8th - 7th centuries B.C., from Barberini tomb. 226:. Scholars have observed that legends about the 7455:GA-ASI Introduces Griffin Eye Manned ISR System 7364:. Gogryphons.com. Retrieved on 23 October 2013. 7283:. Philamuseum.org. Retrieved on 2 January 2012. 6942:. London: T.C. and E.C. Jack. pp. 222–224. 6907:. Poole: New Orchard Editions. pp. 44–45. 6766:. University of California Press. p. 298. 6347:Man and the Beasts (De Animalibus, Books 22-26) 6340: 5783: 5403: 5007: 3584:. Both are bronze cauldrons on a conical stand. 3421:, Hindu mythological lion-elephant-horse hybrid 1116:is a large bird-like creature that serves as a 281:(grypos), meaning 'curved', or 'hooked'. Greek 8191:, a repository of griffin lore and information 7772: 7604: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6469: 6467: 5890: 5582: 5538: 5475: 5376:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 88–90. 5308: 5248:. Illustrated Dictionary of Egyptian Mythology 5119: 4966: 4921: 4163: 3817:, who also gave Charlemagne the live elephant 3671: 3647: 2897:A griffin appears in the official seal of the 2744:The Gryphon is the official school mascot for 383:is recognized as the etymological ancestor of 30:"Gryphon" redirects here. For other uses, see 8240: 7976: 6893: 4880: 4755: 4119: 3883: 3554: 3527:" of beasts such as seen in Urartian art, by 2585: 2501:An archaic griffin design, created by artist 2435:castings of them perch on each corner of the 2012:is a large bronze sculpture that has been in 1094:. The cherub, or sphinx, was very popular in 230:of India may have contaminated griffin lore. 6899: 6795:. Pro/Am Music Resources. pp. 721–723. 5448:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 5–6. 5312: 5297: 5279:. Vol. Part II. B. Quaritch. p. 41 and 5269: 5147: 4596: 4463: 4461: 4440: 3254:, Latin for "griffin-vulture". The Catholic 2702:The Gryphon is the emblem and mascot of the 2064:For fictional characters named Griffin, see 1278:, with a cult center at the Greek colony of 1128:. It is also the name for the constellation 939:Griffin-type animals appeared in the art of 357:names for the creature have been discussed. 300: 7840: 7477: 7398:W&M welcomes newest member of the Tribe 7298: 7122: 6502: 6464: 6324: 6163: 6138:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 296. 6136:Edinburgh Companion to Sidonius Apollinaris 6001:, in Bintliff, John; Rutter, N. K. (eds.), 5961: 5949: 5824: 5768: 5748: 5634: 5607: 5153:Грифон в древнем искусстве центральной Азии 5082: 4993:. Oxford University Press. pp. 45–46. 4979: 4977: 4975: 4090: 4081:, volume 1, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2010 3965: 3745: 3523:The beaks on the Greeks are identified as " 3211:firm named its heavy bomber design for the 2870:Yellow griffin pictured in the logo of the 2592:List of griffins as mascots and in heraldry 2176:With winged course ore Hill or moarie Dale, 1883:, such a wingless griffin may be called an 1630:List of griffins as mascots and in heraldry 1391: 1385: 660:—Susa, Iran. 4th millennium B.C.). Louvres. 573:Griffins and lions on cauldron. Etruscan. 288: 282: 276: 8247: 8233: 7918: 7759: 7746:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7682: 7614:The Annual of the British School at Athens 7376:. Purdue.edu. Retrieved on 2 January 2012. 7243: 6932: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6867: 6865: 6839: 6670: 6610: 6496: 6473: 6289: 6123: 5989: 5987: 5323: 5293: 4713: 4670: 4552: 4540: 4511: 4436: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4172: 3528: 2164:he mentions the griffin as an allusion to 2046:The statues that mark the entrance to the 1805:emerged as a major seafaring power in the 450:magical texts (Manichaean Middle Persian: 254:Griffin depicted on obverse side of coin. 8026: 7896: 7257: 6809: 6750: 6442: 6396: 6198:. Classical Press of Wales. p. 298. 6183: 6177: 6129: 6023: 6021: 5978: 5897:Pomponius Mela's Description of the World 5710:. vv. 802–806, and endnotes, pp. 115–116. 5696: 5181:. p. 31, & notes on p. 506. 4889: 4724: 4722: 4592: 4458: 4424: 3101:Learn how and when to remove this message 3006: 2686:Learn how and when to remove this message 2043:, or with the head and beak of an eagle. 1551:, Germany) also houses a griffin horn of 523: 7997: 7922:Heraldry in History, Poetry, and Romance 7572: 7548: 7102: 7047:. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 162. 7042: 6815: 6737: 6529:. Wigston: Magna Books. pp. 80–81. 6458: 6435:Servius's commentary on Virgil's eighth 6402: 6304:. J. Paul Getty Museum. pp. 50–51. 6222: 6218: 6189: 6037:. Columbia University. pp. 259–260. 5756: 5736: 5679: 5619: 5581:, p. 58, and note 2, naming/citing 5441: 5369: 5193:"Dartmouth College expedition to Greece" 4983: 4972: 3553:See the cover photo of this cauldron in 3122:The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian 2995:, is based on a griffin statue found in 2908:depicts a griffin for their unit badge. 2796:features a griffin on its school crest. 2778:feature griffins in their unit patches. 2697: 2418: 2407:'s surname is a variation on the French 2197: 2125: 2106:Illustration for Mandeville's legend by 2101: 1588:, a griffin's claw was believed to have 1562: 1494: 1356: 1348: 1340: 1035: 955:occurs in the 15th century BC 911: 568: 531: 408:) that had been used to translate Greek 315: 249: 57: 46: 8093:Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Honar-Ha-Ye-Tajassomi 7728: 7696: 7583: 7140: 6921: 6862: 6717:. Stroud: Alan Sutton. pp. 22–24. 6630: 6344:(1987), Scanlan, James J. (tr.) (ed.), 5984: 5934: 5924:(1832), Scanlan, James J. (tr.) (ed.), 5864:Philostratus & Conybeare tr. (1912) 5566: 5559: 5542: 5526: 5514: 5502: 5228: 5106: 5094: 5058: 4862: 4808: 4792: 4779: 4767: 4694: 4682: 4658: 4564: 4558: 4324: 4318: 4207: 4192: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3754:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. 3684: 3658:position, and gold is too soft a metal. 3415:, Tibetan mythological celestial animal 2172:As when a Gryfon through the Wilderness 1558: 1180:Griffins of India and gold-digging ants 943:in the MM III Period (1650–1600 BC) in 510:) has also been used to denote the god 180:In Greek and Roman texts, griffins and 14: 9809: 8075: 7647: 7539: 7518: 6871: 6793:The Pro/Am Book of Music and Mythology 6780: 6703: 6071: 6059: 6047: 6018: 5927:Aeliani de natura animalium libri xvii 5752: 5589:(1958) "Objets orientaux..", pp. 73ff. 5578: 5490: 5205: 4874: 4837: 4825: 4728: 4719: 4637: 4617: 4229: 4107: 3971: 3877: 3348:company. Symbol came into use in 1899. 2922: 2854: 2813:The griffin is the official mascot of 1831:and survives today as the armorial of 1399: 877: 706:3000 BC, perhaps as early as the 698:Griffin-like animals were depicted on 622:oriental example (stone protomes from 436:XXIV (supposedly distinguishable from 8228: 8205: 8054: 7900:Mediaeval Latin and French Bestiaries 7872: 7816: 7216: 7212: 7184: 7172: 7152: 6980:. London: W. N. Wright . p. 183. 6786: 6709: 6697: 6685: 6655: 6598: 6581: 6564: 6552: 6454: 6412:(1912), Brehaut, Ernest (tr.) (ed.), 6295: 6271:. Vol. 2. W. Heinemann. IV.152 ( 6027: 5993: 5945: 5335: 4990:Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking 4523:David, citing Newberry (1893a, 1893b 4467: 4230:Harper, P. O. (1961), "The Sēnmurw", 3946: 3384:List of hybrid creatures in mythology 2831:The Gryphon is the school mascot for 2188: 2180:Had from his wakeful custody purloind 2178:Pursues the Arimaspian, who by stelth 1490: 1239:(fl. AD 43) wrote in his Book ii. 6: 1135: 555: 7952: 7929: 7778:"Urartian Bronzes in Etruscan Tombs" 7009: 6890:; Reprint: David & Charles 2002. 6756: 6384: 6369: 6328: 6238:Herodotus & Rawlinson tr. (1909) 5131: 4267: 4061:Prolegomena to the History of Israel 3933: 3905: 3890:Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français 3744:The word for "eared" in the text is 3717:To distinguish from the (screaming) 3442:, which also used the griffin motif. 3425: 3403:or Pi Yao, Chinese mythical creature 3397:, winged stallion in Greek mythology 3238:are called griffines, including the 3153:A griffin appeared in the 1974 film 3039:adding citations to reliable sources 3010: 2931:professional ice hockey team of the 2624:adding citations to reliable sources 2595: 2472:Municipal official seal (modern) of 2439:'s roof, protecting its collection. 2340:Griffins appear in the fairy tales " 2227:remains of beaked dinosaurs such as 1869: 1839:) in Poland. It is also part of the 1410:Christian allegorical interpretation 1336: 1048: 907: 898:, dated at about 1950–1550 BC. 332:, the griffin has come to be called 211:stone among the eggs in their nest. 6905:Heraldry: Customs, Rules and Styles 5968:was added, except for 'agate eggs'" 5173: 4232:Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 3409:, Hindu mythology: lion-bird hybrid 3362:, Greek mythological hybrid monster 3215:after the legendary animal, as the 3131:My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic 2915:Police depicts a griffin holding a 2534:The griffin is used in the logo of 2328:My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic 1874: 916:Bronze griffin head fragment (of a 641: 341: 301: 168:with its talons on the front legs. 24: 8116: 7129:The Travels of Sir John Mandeville 6878:. Quantum Books. pp. 44, 69. 5273:; Green, Frederick Wastie (1902). 4571:. Lockwood Press. pp. 50–51. 2956: 2872:Estonian Internal Security Service 2763:in Virginia changed its mascot to 2531:also used a griffin for its logo. 2274: 1958: 1797:Houses and cities using the device 1464: 1442:gold pectoral of the Scythian King 1258: 1206: 1027:Golden Pectoral from Tovsta Mohyla 638:on a rooster or other such fowls. 552:'s), and are sometimes feathered. 25: 9863: 8157: 7250:Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 5724:vv. 805–806, and notes by Watson. 5061:, p. 324 and pl. 90, fig. 15 4943:(picture). The Granger Collection 4276:Известия Российской академии наук 4273:Izvestiya Rossiskoi Akademii Nauk 4064:, Edinburgh: Black, 1885, p. 304. 3825:, perhaps the one held in Aachen. 3721:, referred as "dogs of Zeus" (by 2899:Waterloo Police Department (Iowa) 2709:Three gryphons form the crest of 2456: 2427:The griffin is the symbol of the 2269: 461: 9782: 9448: 9416: 7448: 7426: 7412:Family Guy - "What's your name?" 7403: 7391: 7379: 7367: 7355: 7341: 7325: 7313: 7274: 7237: 7222: 7206: 7190: 7178: 7146: 7090: 7081: 7051: 7036: 7003: 6985: 6962: 6946: 6731: 6636: 6616: 6448: 6429: 6318: 6212: 6152: 6098: 6077: 6065: 6053: 5971: 5955: 5857: 5818: 5762: 5742: 5714: 5664: 4439:, pp. 186–187 and Fig. 5: " 4079:Etymological Dictionary of Greek 3841: 3828: 3807: 3793: 3780: 3767: 3738: 3728: 3711: 3702: 3334: 3318: 3300: 3284: 3268: 3222:, the German form of "griffin". 3015: 2982: 2879: 2863: 2721:. Griffins are also mascots for 2600: 2481: 2465: 2149:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 1987: 1967: 1733: 1713: 1692: 1680: 1654: 1638: 1404:The account of the "gryphes" by 667: 650: 311: 8096:نشریه هنرهای زیبا- هنرهای تجسمی 8032:"Nemesis and the Wheel of Fate" 7879:Flying Snakes and Griffin Claws 7762:Bulletin de l'institut d'Égypte 7702:American Journal of Archaeology 7648:Franks, Hallie Malcolm (2009), 6110:Princeton University Art Museum 5894:(1998). Romer, Frank E. (ed.). 5839:The Life of Apollonius of Tyana 5572: 5548: 5532: 5496: 5435: 5397: 5363: 5329: 5302: 5287: 5234: 5211: 5199: 5185: 5167: 5125: 5112: 5088: 5064: 5052: 5043: 5033: 4927: 4856: 4843: 4831: 4802: 4785: 4773: 4749: 4623: 4611: 4585: 4517: 4489: 4430: 4418: 4261: 4223: 3690: 3677: 3661: 3640: 3631: 3606: 3596: 3587: 3573:for another cauldron, from the 3547: 3534: 3517: 3508: 3469: 3445: 3246:). The scientific name for the 3026:needs additional citations for 2772:367th Training Support Squadron 2611:needs additional citations for 2488:Merv Griffin Entertainment logo 2194:Possible influence by dinosaurs 1787:John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond 1141:Grecian accounts of the gryphon 1016: 683:Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin 240: 164:, and the head and wings of an 8195:The Medieval Bestiary: Griffin 7977:Papalexandrou, Nassos (2021). 7882:. Princeton University Press. 7826:. Princeton University Press. 7590:. Cambridge University Press. 6622:London, Hugh Stanford (1956). 5801:, H. G. Bohn, VII.2 (p. 123); 4899:. Paris: Hachette. p. 49. 4447:Griffith & Newberry (1895) 4427:, p. 2 citing Leibovitch. 4305:, Brill, p. 209 and n22, 4271:(1918), "Ossetica-Japhetica", 4067: 4030: 3432: 3229: 2138:, alleged inspiration for the 1900: 1623: 1555:, made of Asian buffalo horn. 1320:, described above): it was an 1044:from 3rd century BCE 693: 595:cauldron-griffins (e.g., from 13: 1: 7983:. University of Texas Press. 7919:Millington, Ellen J. (1858). 7897:McCulloch, Florence (1962) . 7858:10.1080/0015587X.1993.9715853 7610:"Notes on the Cretan Griffin" 7573:Delplace, Christiane (1980). 7481:The Golden Griffin from Arjan 7338:Retrieved on 5 November 2013. 7201:Dinosaurs, Myths and Monsters 6132:"8. Sidonius' Intersexuality" 5656:. Vol. 2. Translated by 5132:Neva, Elena (12 March 2008). 4046:, New York: Doubleday, 2006, 3866: 3391:, Japanese legendary creature 3379:Hybrid creatures in mythology 3312:Zoological Museum, Copenhagen 3291:Heraldic guardian griffin at 2414: 2057: 1953:Worshipful Company of Barbers 1855: 1661:Griffin segreant wearing the 1584:According to Stephen Friar's 1366: 868: 710:(4000–3100BC) and subsequent 703: 674:Bronze griffins from ancient 527: 266: 214:Pliny placed the griffins in 188:(7th cent. BC), preserved by 9827:European legendary creatures 9822:Egyptian legendary creatures 9539:(metal in the United States) 8254: 7934:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 6997:A Complete Guide to Heraldry 6939:A Complete Guide to Heraldry 6901:von Volborth, Carl-Alexander 6130:Gualandri, Isabella (2020). 5790:The Natural History of Pliny 5556:Festschrift für Hans Jantzen 4497: 3972:Bement, Clarence S. (1921). 3949:A New Dictionary of Heraldry 3476: 2776:12th Combat Aviation Brigade 2515:Film and television company 2496: 2386:are attacked by griffins in 2072:Griffins are used widely in 1512:fiber, with painted colors. 506: 500: 490: 484: 468: 245: 222:(5th century BC) in greater 112: 7: 9852:Fairy tale stock characters 8132:Sapienza Università di Roma 8086:in the Ancient Middle East" 7959:. Oxford University Press. 6475:Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 6194:. In Lambert, S. D. (ed.). 5442:Teissier, Beatrice (1996). 5370:Teissier, Beatrice (1996). 5311:, p. 110, also citing 5019:Morgan Library & Museum 4399:. Vol. 2. Appended by 4150:, Le lettere, p. 123, 3646:Ghirshman (and others, cf. 3353: 3156:The Golden Voyage of Sinbad 2913:Royal New Zealand Air Force 2761:College of William and Mary 2350:The Singing, Springing Lark 1934: 1850: 1833:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 1579: 1251:The aforementioned Aelian ( 1149:or griffin was gathered by 609: 564: 524:§ Medieval iconography 320:Shirdal on the silver cup, 293:'hook-nosed' is suggested. 171: 10: 9868: 9842:Mythological birds of prey 8076:Taheri, Sadreddin (2013). 7584:Edwards, Karen L. (2005). 7558:. New York: Sphere Books. 6816:Brewster, Paul G. (1953). 6644:Lady Mary Wortley Montague 6062:, p. 469, n56, Fig. 5 5313:Quibell & Green (1902) 5298:Quibell & Green (1902) 4782:, p. 322 and note 22. 4126:Journal of Iranian Studies 3800: 3481: 3261: 3195: 2969:Cedar Point Amusement Park 2962:Busch Gardens Williamsburg 2808:Glebe Collegiate Institute 2589: 2586:School emblems and mascots 2578:Information security firm 2517:Merv Griffin Entertainment 2494: 2429:Philadelphia Museum of Art 2216:skeletons are very common. 1649:of the Bevan family crest. 1627: 1586:New Dictionary of Heraldry 905: 678:, Iran, 1st millennium BC. 521: 101: 29: 9832:Greek legendary creatures 9769: 9721: 9649: 9622: 9546: 9515: 9469: 9407: 9336: 9301: 9273: 9181: 9118: 8933: 8867: 8804: 8743: 8598: 8565: 8488: 8372: 8317: 8262: 8211:"Skeptoid #442: Griffins" 8108:10.22059/jfava.2013.30063 7734:Griechische Greifenkessel 7626:10.1017/S0068245400018025 7540:Bolton, J. D. P. (1962). 7332:VU university Amsterdam. 7259:10.1177/03080188241255543 7203:, 10 and 13 December 2011 7175:, pp. xvii, xxv, 49. 6958:Earl of Carrick (Ireland) 6787:Lewis, Thomas P. (2021). 6325:Mayor & Heaney (1993) 6134:. In Kelly, Gavin (ed.). 5962:Mayor & Heaney (1993) 5950:Mayor & Heaney (1993) 5869:vol. II, book VI.I., p. 5 5825:Mayor & Heaney (1993) 5769:Mayor & Heaney (1993) 5749:Mayor & Heaney (1993) 5670:Herodotus III.116, IV.13. 5635:Mayor & Heaney (1993) 5608:Mayor & Heaney (1993) 4342:10.1017/S0041977X0007988X 4091: 3275:Griffin in Johann Vogel: 3207:During World War II, the 2945:words; "aguila" meaning " 2525:Beverly Hills, California 2322:The Spiderwick Chronicles 2298:Heroes of Might and Magic 1724:of the knighthood family 1312:At the Temple of Hera at 947:, found on sealings from 901: 657:Griffin seal impression. 494:"fiery one", attested at 405: 289: 283: 277: 156:with the body, tail, and 62:Restored griffin fresco. 8095: 8036:Brooklyn Museum Bulletin 6875:Introduction to Heraldry 6658:, pp. 42–43, 47–48. 6296:Towne, Elana B. (1994). 6268:The History of Herodotus 6263:Godley, A. D. (ed., tr.) 5653:The History of Herodotus 5152: 4936:Image of Persian griffin 4413:, "the tearer-in-pieces" 4401:George Willoughby Fraser 4275: 4219:. Costa Mesa: Mazda Pub. 3295:, Netherlands, 1892–1912 2821:, both in Pennsylvania. 2819:Gwynedd Mercy University 2781:The emblem of the Greek 2546:and its former partners 2529:Merv Griffin Enterprises 2286:Warhammer Fantasy Battle 838: 629: 578:National Etruscan Museum 40:Gryphon (disambiguation) 36:Griffon (disambiguation) 32:Griffin (disambiguation) 9777:List of oldest heraldry 8178:Encyclopædia Britannica 8061:. Bloomsbury Academic. 8055:South, Malcolm (1987). 7953:—— (1999). 7542:Aristeas of Proconnesus 7362:Sarah Lawrence Gryphons 7043:Vinycomb, John (1906). 6872:Oliver, Stefan (1997). 6190:Westgate, Ruth (2011). 4891:Delaporte, Louis-Joseph 4735:. Curzon. p. 151. 4620:, p. 60 et passim. 4468:David, Arlette (2016), 3947:Friar, Stephen (1987). 3626:Illustrated London News 2939:Suwon Samsung Bluewings 2833:Glenlyon Norfolk School 2723:VU University Amsterdam 2711:Trinity College, Oxford 1687:Pomeranian coat-of-arms 1040:Griffin inscription at 784: 517: 6164: 5878: 5854: 4732:The Kingdom of Armenia 4729:Chahin, Mack (2001) . 4597: 4565:Prakash, Tara (2022). 4455:: Pl. XVI, tomb no. 5. 4441: 4391:Newberry, Percy Edward 3746: 3650:, p. 160, citing 3455:etymological root was 3234:Some large species of 3007:In film and television 2949:" and "leon" meaning " 2933:American Hockey League 2919:for their unit badge. 2906:Royal Air Force Police 2826:Leadership High School 2783:15th Infantry Division 2731:Sarah Lawrence College 2706: 2442:The "Griff" statue by 2424: 2399:series, the character 2334:The Battle for Wesnoth 2304:Dungeons & Dragons 2217: 2186: 2152: 2124: 2111: 1741:Coat-of-arms of Crimea 1705:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1568: 1504: 1426: 1392: 1386: 1373: 1354: 1346: 1249: 1172:Aeschylus likened the 1045: 936: 908:§ Divine creature 760:, include examples of 587: 537: 325: 272: 233:In the Christian era, 81: 55: 7774:Maxwell-Hyslop, K. R. 7669:10.2972/hesp.78.4.455 7293:Glassteelandstone.com 7187:, pp. 23, 25, 27 7059:"The griffon of Pisa" 6298:"13. Griffin protome" 6221:, p. 298 citing 5873: 5849: 5583:Maxwell-Hyslop (1956) 5539:Maxwell-Hyslop (1956) 5476:Frankfort (1936–1937) 5336:Patch, Diana (2012). 5309:Frankfort (1936–1937) 5271:Quibell, James Edward 5231:, p. 319, note 3 5120:Frankfort (1936–1937) 4967:Frankfort (1936–1937) 4922:Frankfort (1936–1937) 4685:, pp. 20, 69–70. 4036:William H. C. Propp, 3697:George M. A. Hanfmann 3672:Maxwell-Hyslop (1956) 3648:Maxwell-Hyslop (1956) 3179:In an episode of the 2929:Grand Rapids Griffins 2815:Chestnut Hill College 2751:The official seal of 2701: 2590:Further information: 2527:. His former company 2422: 2342:Jack the Giant Killer 2201: 2170: 2129: 2119: 2105: 1994:Statue of a griffin. 1566: 1498: 1457:both human and divine 1418: 1360: 1352: 1344: 1241: 1039: 971:, as restored by Sir 915: 865:Early Dynastic Period 735:Early Dynastic period 572: 535: 355:Old or Middle Iranian 319: 253: 61: 50: 9847:Mythological hybrids 8209:(25 November 2014). 8028:Riefstahl, Elizabeth 7915:, C. N. Potter, 1976 7460:11 July 2011 at the 7155:Archaeology Magazine 7010:Rose, Carol (2001). 6457:, p. 89 citing 6441:(1. 27), accord. to 5339:Dawn of Egyptian Art 5157:Sovetskya Arheologia 4985:Fishbane, Michael A. 4756:Papalexandrou (2021) 4217:Encyclopedia Iranica 4209:Schmidt, Hanns-Peter 4174:Litvinskij, Boris A. 4144:Litvinskij, Boris A. 4089:, p. 289, entry for 3913:Ronald Edward Latham 3775:Flavius Philostratus 3723:Apollonius of Rhodes 3555:Papalexandrou (2021) 3370:egg-producing mammal 3366:Duck billed platypus 3035:improve this article 2888:Utti Jaeger Regiment 2735:University of Guelph 2719:Oxford Union Society 2704:University of Guelph 2620:improve this article 1982:Museum, 11th century 1559:Medieval iconography 1545:Kornelimünster Abbey 1408:(d. 636) lacked any 1286:. And even the main 1193:gold-collecting ants 1011:K. R. Maxwell-Hyslop 845:Ancient Egyptian art 446:is also attested in 9789:Heraldry portal 9216:Hastings/Hungerford 8503:Crowns and coronets 8475:National traditions 8137:McClallen, Anne L. 7925:. Chapman and Hall. 7374:Traditions. Big Ten 7199:television program 6613:, pp. 278–279. 6225:, pp. 372–376. 5942:De natura animalium 5622:, pp. 161–163. 5529:, pp. 319–320. 5326:, pp. 184–185. 5179:Alexander the Great 4770:, pp. 320–321. 4514:, pp. 186–187. 4075:Robert S. P. Beekes 3834:Used since c. 1481 3185:The Big Bang Theory 3113:Griffins appear in 2987:The logo design of 2923:Professional sports 2890:of the Finnish Army 2855:Police and military 2746:Raffles Institution 2115:Sir John Mandeville 1822:Cross of St. George 1767:terminology as the 1669:, 13th century 1645:A heraldic griffin 1503:, 15th century 1499:Martin Schongauer: 1476:Herrad of Landsberg 1400:Christian symbolism 1361:Medieval tapestry, 1231:Apollonius of Tyana 878:Near East elsewhere 752:The bronzeworks of 619:Jack Leonard Benson 370:Boris A. Litvinskij 204:Apollonius of Tyana 9173:Waterlily/Seeblatt 8397:Ancient and modern 7930:Nigg, Joe (1982). 7544:. Clarendon Press. 7111:, translated from 7109:The Essential Rumi 6934:Fox-Davies, Arthur 6521:Gwynn-Jones, Peter 6410:Isidore of Seville 6074:, p. 469, n56 6034:The Cults of Olbia 5799:Henry Thomas Riley 5702:Watson, John Selby 5195:(image). May 2009. 5083:Álvarez-Mon (2011) 4008:Isidore of Seville 3857:Cretan hieroglyphs 3801:κρητῆρος Ἀργολικοῦ 3757:A Latin Dictionary 3750:in declined form. 3618:La Crète dédalique 3236:Old World vultures 3162:In the 1969 movie 2707: 2536:United Paper Mills 2425: 2367:The Son of Neptune 2248:Mayor argues that 2218: 2189:Theories of origin 2153: 2112: 1996:St Mark's Basilica 1927:and the Barony of 1911:, also termed the 1569: 1505: 1491:Claw, egg, feather 1416:xii.2 .17) gives: 1406:Isidore of Seville 1374: 1355: 1347: 1300:red-figure pottery 1276:Hyperborean Apollo 1245:Riphaean Mountains 1145:Local lore on the 1136:Classical accounts 1068:feature the demon 1066:Akkadian mythology 1046: 937: 930:. 7th century BC. 894:during the Middle 825:Kurdistan Province 588: 556:Cauldron figurines 538: 430:cosmological text 392:There is also the 326: 273: 235:Isidore of Seville 154:legendary creature 82: 56: 9804: 9803: 9645: 9644: 9583:(color in Canada) 9269: 9268: 8189:The Gryphon Pages 8148:Wild, Friedrich. 7334:About the griffin 7219:, pp. 49, 71 6992:Arthur Fox-Davies 6914:978-1-85079-037-2 6724:978-0-7509-0206-9 6688:, pp. 44–45. 6671:Millington (1858) 6611:Millington (1858) 6567:, pp. 43–44. 6555:, pp. 43–48. 6517:Bedingfeld, Henry 6497:Millington (1858) 5952:, pp. 44–45. 5922:Claudius Aelianus 5755:, p. 81 and 5658:Rawlinson, George 5585:, pp. 150ff. and 5324:Leibovitch (1942) 5294:Leibovitch (1942) 5217:Ghirshman (1958) 4714:Ghirshman (1964c) 4671:Ghirshman (1964c) 4640:, pp. 59–60. 4553:Leibovitch (1942) 4541:Leibovitch (1942) 4512:Leibovitch (1942) 4437:Leibovitch (1942) 4087:978-90-04-17420-7 4056:Julius Wellhausen 4054:, p. 386; citing 3958:978-0-906670-44-6 3529:Ghirshman (1964c) 3504: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3426:Explanatory notes 3111: 3110: 3103: 3085: 2801:St Mary's College 2753:Purdue University 2696: 2695: 2688: 2670: 2503:Thomas Fanourakis 2405:Godric Gryffindor 2301:, the Griffon in 2206:, a region where 2184:The guarded Gold 2066:Griffin (surname) 1870:Heraldic subtypes 1845:Hither Pommerania 1837:Farther Pomerania 1722:Gryf coat of arms 1481:Hortus deliciarum 1434:Riphean Mountains 1337:Medieval accounts 1253:Claudius Aelianus 1049:Ancient parallels 945:Minoan chronology 412:'griffin' in the 228:gold-digging ants 110: 16:(Redirected from 9859: 9787: 9786: 9785: 9625: 9612: 9604: 9596: 9588: 9578: 9568: 9560: 9557: 9549: 9534: 9526: 9518: 9505: 9502: 9493: 9490: 9481: 9478: 9452: 9420: 9396: 9393: 9384: 9381: 9372: 9369: 9360: 9357: 9348: 9345: 9325: 9322: 9313: 9310: 9299: 9298: 9283:Rule of tincture 9000:Griffin/Keythong 8596: 8595: 8287:Officers of arms 8249: 8242: 8235: 8226: 8225: 8220: 8182: 8174: 8124:Bisi, Anna Maria 8111: 8090: 8072: 8051: 8023: 7994: 7973: 7949: 7926: 7914: 7893: 7869: 7837: 7813: 7769: 7751: 7745: 7737: 7725: 7698:Goldman, Bernard 7693: 7684:Ghirshman, Roman 7679: 7654: 7644: 7606:Frankfort, Henri 7601: 7580: 7569: 7545: 7536: 7515: 7509: 7505: 7503: 7495: 7465: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7430: 7424: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7352: 7345: 7339: 7329: 7323: 7320:Trinity.ox.ac.uk 7317: 7311: 7310: 7309:. 22 March 2021. 7302: 7296: 7290: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7271: 7261: 7241: 7235: 7226: 7220: 7210: 7204: 7194: 7188: 7182: 7176: 7170: 7150: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7120: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7069:on 26 March 2012 7065:. Archived from 7055: 7049: 7048: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7007: 7001: 6989: 6983: 6981: 6966: 6960: 6950: 6944: 6943: 6930: 6919: 6918: 6897: 6891: 6889: 6869: 6860: 6859: 6837: 6835:volume 2, p. 869 6830: 6824: 6823: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6758:Hand, Wayland D. 6754: 6748: 6747: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6707: 6701: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6674: 6668: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6640: 6634: 6620: 6614: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6585: 6579: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6513: 6500: 6494: 6485: 6484: 6471: 6462: 6461:, pp. 73–76 6452: 6446: 6443:McCulloch (1962) 6433: 6427: 6425: 6419: 6406: 6400: 6397:McCulloch (1962) 6394: 6388: 6382: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6338: 6332: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6255: 6246: 6245: 6235: 6226: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6187: 6181: 6178:Riefstahl (1956) 6175: 6169: 6167: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6127: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6102: 6096: 6081: 6075: 6069: 6063: 6057: 6051: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6025: 6016: 6015: 5991: 5982: 5979:Riefstahl (1956) 5975: 5969: 5959: 5953: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5888: 5879: 5871: 5861: 5855: 5847: 5842:. Translated by 5834: 5828: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5793:, translated by 5781: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5725: 5722:Prometheus Bound 5718: 5712: 5711: 5694: 5683: 5677: 5671: 5668: 5662: 5661: 5644: 5638: 5632: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5590: 5576: 5570: 5552: 5546: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5333: 5327: 5321: 5315: 5306: 5300: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5267: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5238: 5232: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5149:Pugachenkova, G. 5145: 5144:on 25 July 2014; 5140:. Archived from 5129: 5123: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5071: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5047: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5011: 5005: 5004: 4981: 4970: 4964: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4931: 4925: 4919: 4906: 4900: 4887: 4878: 4872: 4866: 4860: 4854: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4726: 4717: 4711: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4641: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4600: 4593:Riefstahl (1956) 4589: 4583: 4582: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4465: 4456: 4444: 4434: 4428: 4425:Riefstahl (1956) 4422: 4416: 4415: 4383: 4372: 4360: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4290: 4284: 4279: 4265: 4259: 4254: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4205: 4190: 4189: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4071: 4065: 4043:The Anchor Bible 4034: 4028: 4027: 4004: 3995: 3994: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3944: 3931: 3930: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3881: 3860: 3845: 3839: 3832: 3826: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3784: 3778: 3771: 3765: 3749: 3742: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3681: 3675: 3665: 3659: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3629: 3614:Demargne, Pierre 3610: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3585: 3583: 3572: 3562: 3551: 3545: 3538: 3532: 3521: 3515: 3512: 3506: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3449: 3443: 3436: 3338: 3322: 3304: 3288: 3272: 3106: 3099: 3095: 3092: 3086: 3084: 3043: 3019: 3011: 2993:Edward Zahrabian 2883: 2867: 2845:British Columbia 2794:Wycliffe College 2739:Canisius College 2691: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2669: 2628: 2604: 2596: 2523:and is based in 2511: 2485: 2469: 2452: 2401:Albus Dumbledore 1991: 1971: 1875:Wingless griffin 1737: 1717: 1699:Coat-of-arms of 1696: 1684: 1658: 1642: 1605:The Singing Bone 1395: 1389: 1371: 1368: 1288:Temple of Apollo 1080:Jewish mythology 1008: 934: 873: 872: 3300–3100 870: 853:cosmetic palette 705: 685: 671: 661: 654: 642:Art in antiquity 605: 585: 509: 503: 493: 487: 471: 407: 378: 345: 330:Persian language 304: 303: 292: 291: 286: 285: 280: 279: 270: 268: 115: 105: 103: 76:, original from 27:Legendary animal 21: 9867: 9866: 9862: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9857: 9856: 9837:Heraldic beasts 9807: 9806: 9805: 9800: 9783: 9781: 9765: 9717: 9641: 9623: 9618: 9610: 9602: 9594: 9586: 9576: 9566: 9558: 9555: 9547: 9542: 9532: 9524: 9516: 9511: 9503: 9500: 9491: 9488: 9479: 9476: 9465: 9403: 9394: 9391: 9382: 9379: 9370: 9367: 9358: 9355: 9346: 9343: 9332: 9323: 9320: 9311: 9308: 9297: 9265: 9231:Hungerford knot 9201:Cavendish/Savoy 9177: 9114: 8929: 8863: 8800: 8739: 8594: 8561: 8484: 8368: 8313: 8258: 8253: 8223: 8172:"Griffin" 8169: 8160: 8155: 8119: 8117:Further reading 8114: 8097: 8088: 8069: 8030:(Spring 1956). 8012:10.2307/3248792 7991: 7967: 7946: 7936:Applewood Books 7911: 7890: 7874:Mayor, Adrienne 7842:Mayor, Adrienne 7834: 7818:Mayor, Adrienne 7794:10.2307/4199609 7776:(Autumn 1956). 7739: 7738: 7692:. Golden Press. 7652: 7598: 7566: 7550:Costello, Peter 7507: 7506: 7497: 7496: 7492: 7468: 7462:Wayback Machine 7453: 7449: 7440: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7427: 7418: 7416: 7415:, 12 March 2016 7409: 7408: 7404: 7396: 7392: 7384: 7380: 7372: 7368: 7360: 7356: 7351:. Reed College. 7347: 7346: 7342: 7330: 7326: 7318: 7314: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7291: 7287: 7279: 7275: 7242: 7238: 7227: 7223: 7211: 7207: 7195: 7191: 7183: 7179: 7151: 7147: 7139: 7135: 7127: 7123: 7107: 7103: 7095: 7091: 7086: 7082: 7072: 7070: 7057: 7056: 7052: 7041: 7037: 7022: 7008: 7004: 6990: 6986: 6967: 6963: 6951: 6947: 6931: 6922: 6915: 6898: 6894: 6886: 6870: 6863: 6857: 6833: 6831: 6827: 6819:The Two Sisters 6814: 6810: 6803: 6785: 6781: 6774: 6755: 6751: 6736: 6732: 6725: 6708: 6704: 6696: 6692: 6684: 6677: 6669: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6641: 6637: 6621: 6617: 6609: 6605: 6597: 6588: 6580: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6537: 6514: 6503: 6495: 6488: 6472: 6465: 6459:Costello (1979) 6453: 6449: 6434: 6430: 6421: 6407: 6403: 6395: 6391: 6383: 6376: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6342:Albertus Magnus 6339: 6335: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6294: 6290: 6283: 6256: 6249: 6243:IV.152 (p. 284) 6241: 6236: 6229: 6223:Delplace (1980) 6219:Westgate (2011) 6217: 6213: 6206: 6188: 6184: 6176: 6172: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6128: 6124: 6114: 6112: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6082: 6078: 6070: 6066: 6058: 6054: 6046: 6042: 6026: 6019: 6013: 5992: 5985: 5976: 5972: 5960: 5956: 5939: 5935: 5919: 5915: 5908: 5889: 5882: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5858: 5848: 5844:F. C. Conybeare 5835: 5831: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5785:Pliny the Elder 5782: 5775: 5767: 5763: 5757:Costello (1979) 5747: 5743: 5737:Phillips (1955) 5735: 5728: 5719: 5715: 5695: 5686: 5680:Phillips (1955) 5678: 5674: 5669: 5665: 5645: 5641: 5633: 5626: 5620:Phillips (1955) 5618: 5614: 5606: 5593: 5577: 5573: 5553: 5549: 5537: 5533: 5525: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5501: 5497: 5489: 5482: 5474: 5470: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5440: 5436: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5368: 5364: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5334: 5330: 5322: 5318: 5307: 5303: 5292: 5288: 5268: 5261: 5251: 5249: 5240: 5239: 5235: 5216: 5212: 5204: 5200: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5172: 5168: 5154: 5130: 5126: 5117: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5074: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5044: 5038: 5034: 5024: 5022: 5013: 5012: 5008: 5001: 4982: 4973: 4965: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4920: 4909: 4888: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4861: 4857: 4848: 4844: 4836: 4832: 4824: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4766: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4743: 4727: 4720: 4712: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4657: 4644: 4628: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4590: 4586: 4579: 4563: 4559: 4555:, pp. 186. 4551: 4547: 4539: 4535: 4522: 4518: 4510: 4506: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4466: 4459: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4387:Griffith, F. Ll 4384: 4375: 4323: 4319: 4313: 4291: 4287: 4277: 4266: 4262: 4244:10.2307/3257932 4228: 4224: 4206: 4193: 4171: 4164: 4158: 4141: 4137: 4118: 4114: 4106: 4099: 4072: 4068: 4040:, volume 2A of 4035: 4031: 4024: 4005: 3998: 3970: 3966: 3959: 3945: 3934: 3927:British Academy 3910: 3906: 3882: 3878: 3869: 3864: 3863: 3846: 3842: 3833: 3829: 3815:Harun al-Rashid 3812: 3808: 3798: 3794: 3785: 3781: 3772: 3768: 3762:Perseus Project 3743: 3739: 3733: 3729: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3687:, p. 321). 3682: 3678: 3666: 3662: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3622:Blegen, Carl W. 3611: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3588: 3577: 3575:Bernardini tomb 3568: 3558: 3552: 3548: 3544:no. 80, p. 20). 3539: 3535: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3495: 3490: 3474: 3470: 3450: 3446: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3356: 3349: 3346:forest industry 3339: 3330: 3323: 3314: 3308:Rogue taxidermy 3305: 3296: 3293:Kasteel de Haar 3289: 3280: 3273: 3264: 3240:griffon vulture 3232: 3224:General Atomics 3198: 3107: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3044: 3042: 3032: 3020: 3009: 2985: 2959: 2957:Amusement parks 2925: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2884: 2876: 2875: 2868: 2857: 2715:Sir Thomas Pope 2692: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2629: 2627: 2617: 2605: 2594: 2588: 2569:Saab Automobile 2552:Saab Automobile 2540:Vauxhall Motors 2505: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2478: 2477: 2470: 2459: 2446: 2417: 2310:Ragnarok Online 2277: 2275:Popular fiction 2272: 2256:Paleontologist 2204:Dzungarian Gate 2196: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2136:Ripon Cathedral 2085:Dante Alighieri 2060: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2003: 2002: 1992: 1984: 1983: 1972: 1961: 1959:In architecture 1937: 1903: 1877: 1872: 1858: 1853: 1835:(historically, 1799: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1730: 1729: 1718: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1697: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1659: 1651: 1650: 1643: 1632: 1626: 1613:The Twa Sisters 1582: 1561: 1493: 1478:'s manuscript ( 1451:as a symbol of 1402: 1378:Albertus Magnus 1369: 1339: 1261: 1259:Divine creature 1219:. According to 1213:Pliny the Elder 1209: 1207:Pliny and later 1182: 1143: 1138: 1124:) of the deity 1051: 1019: 1002: 980:Late Bronze Age 935: 928:Olympia, Greece 925: 910: 904: 880: 871: 861:Two Dog Palette 841: 812:'s successors. 787: 770:Bernard Goldman 746:Akkadian Empire 702:in Mesopotamia 696: 691: 690: 689: 688: 687: 686: 680: 672: 664: 663: 662: 659: 655: 644: 632: 612: 599: 586: 575: 567: 558: 530: 528:§ Variants 520: 464: 372: 314: 271: 256: 248: 243: 200:Pliny the Elder 174: 118:Classical Latin 80: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9865: 9855: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9798: 9797: 9796: 9779: 9774: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9742: 9741: 9731: 9725: 9723: 9719: 9718: 9716: 9715: 9713:Trophy of arms 9710: 9705: 9704: 9703: 9693: 9692: 9691: 9681: 9676: 9675: 9674: 9672:banner of arms 9664: 9659: 9653: 9651: 9647: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9639: 9634: 9628: 9626: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9616: 9608: 9600: 9592: 9584: 9574: 9564: 9552: 9550: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9540: 9530: 9521: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9509: 9498: 9486: 9473: 9471: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9463: 9462: 9461: 9446: 9445: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9413: 9411: 9405: 9404: 9402: 9401: 9389: 9377: 9365: 9353: 9340: 9338: 9334: 9333: 9331: 9330: 9318: 9305: 9303: 9296: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9279: 9277: 9271: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9263: 9258: 9256:Tristram/Bowen 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9187: 9185: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9159: 9158: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9122: 9120: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8986: 8985: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8939: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8871: 8869: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8850: 8849: 8844: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8808: 8806: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8747: 8745: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8731: 8730: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8604: 8602: 8593: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8571: 8569: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8548: 8547: 8537: 8536: 8535: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8494: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8455: 8450: 8449: 8448: 8443: 8433: 8428: 8427: 8426: 8416: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8399: 8394: 8393: 8392: 8382: 8376: 8374: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8342:Ecclesiastical 8339: 8338: 8337: 8332: 8321: 8319: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8263: 8260: 8259: 8252: 8251: 8244: 8237: 8229: 8222: 8221: 8203: 8197: 8192: 8185: 8184: 8183: 8167: 8159: 8158:External links 8156: 8154: 8153: 8146: 8135: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8112: 8098:(in Persian). 8073: 8067: 8052: 8024: 8006:(2): 161–177. 7995: 7989: 7974: 7965: 7950: 7945:978-0918222374 7944: 7927: 7916: 7909: 7894: 7888: 7870: 7852:(1–2): 40–66. 7838: 7833:978-0691150130 7832: 7814: 7788:(2): 150–167. 7770: 7757: 7752:, abbreviated 7726: 7714:10.2307/501330 7708:(4): 319–328. 7694: 7680: 7663:(4): 455–480, 7645: 7602: 7596: 7581: 7570: 7564: 7546: 7537: 7516: 7490: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7467: 7466: 7447: 7425: 7402: 7390: 7378: 7366: 7354: 7340: 7324: 7312: 7307:Cretalive News 7297: 7285: 7273: 7236: 7221: 7215:, p. 58; 7205: 7189: 7177: 7145: 7143:, p. 100. 7141:Edwards (2005) 7133: 7121: 7101: 7089: 7080: 7050: 7035: 7020: 7002: 6984: 6961: 6945: 6920: 6913: 6892: 6884: 6861: 6855: 6825: 6808: 6801: 6789:"Singing Bone" 6779: 6772: 6749: 6730: 6723: 6702: 6690: 6675: 6673:, p. 278. 6660: 6648: 6635: 6631:Edwards (2005) 6615: 6603: 6586: 6569: 6557: 6545: 6535: 6501: 6499:, p. 277. 6486: 6463: 6447: 6428: 6401: 6399:, p. 122. 6389: 6387:, p. 121. 6374: 6372:, p. 144. 6362: 6356: 6333: 6317: 6310: 6288: 6281: 6247: 6227: 6211: 6204: 6182: 6170: 6151: 6144: 6122: 6097: 6076: 6064: 6052: 6050:, p. 469. 6040: 6017: 6011: 5983: 5970: 5954: 5933: 5913: 5906: 5892:Pomponius Mela 5880: 5856: 5829: 5817: 5811: 5773: 5761: 5741: 5739:, p. 163. 5726: 5713: 5684: 5682:, p. 161. 5672: 5663: 5639: 5624: 5612: 5591: 5587:Pierre Amandry 5571: 5567:Goldman (1960) 5560:Jantzen (1955) 5547: 5543:Goldman (1960) 5531: 5527:Goldman (1960) 5519: 5515:Jantzen (1955) 5507: 5503:Goldman (1960) 5495: 5480: 5478:, p. 113. 5468: 5455:978-3525538920 5454: 5434: 5421:978-1588392954 5420: 5396: 5383:978-3525538920 5382: 5362: 5349:978-0300179521 5348: 5328: 5316: 5301: 5286: 5259: 5233: 5229:Goldman (1960) 5210: 5198: 5184: 5166: 5124: 5111: 5109:, p. 324. 5107:Goldman (1960) 5099: 5095:Goldman (1960) 5087: 5085:, p. 320. 5072: 5063: 5059:Goldman (1960) 5051: 5042: 5032: 5006: 4999: 4971: 4969:, p. 107. 4954: 4926: 4924:, p. 106. 4907: 4879: 4867: 4863:Goldman (1960) 4855: 4842: 4830: 4813: 4809:Goldman (1960) 4801: 4793:Goldman (1960) 4784: 4780:Goldman (1960) 4772: 4768:Goldman (1960) 4760: 4748: 4741: 4718: 4716:, p. 108. 4699: 4697:, p. 322. 4695:Goldman (1960) 4687: 4683:Jantzen (1955) 4675: 4673:, p. 434. 4663: 4661:, p. 321. 4659:Goldman (1960) 4642: 4622: 4610: 4584: 4577: 4557: 4545: 4543:, p. 187. 4533: 4516: 4504: 4495:David glosses 4488: 4482: 4457: 4429: 4417: 4407:, tomb no. 5. 4373: 4326:Henning, W. B. 4317: 4311: 4285: 4260: 4222: 4191: 4162: 4156: 4135: 4112: 4097: 4066: 4029: 4022: 3996: 3964: 3957: 3932: 3904: 3875: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3840: 3827: 3806: 3792: 3779: 3766: 3737: 3727: 3710: 3701: 3689: 3685:Goldman (1960) 3676: 3674:, p. 160. 3660: 3639: 3630: 3605: 3595: 3586: 3546: 3533: 3531:, p. 108. 3516: 3507: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3468: 3444: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3363: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3340: 3333: 3331: 3329:'s map (1587). 3324: 3317: 3315: 3306: 3299: 3297: 3290: 3283: 3281: 3274: 3267: 3263: 3260: 3252:Vultur gryphus 3231: 3228: 3217:Heinkel He 177 3197: 3194: 3190:Sheldon Cooper 3135:World of Quest 3109: 3108: 3023: 3021: 3014: 3008: 3005: 2984: 2981: 2973:Sandusky, Ohio 2958: 2955: 2924: 2921: 2885: 2878: 2877: 2869: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2824:The mascot of 2806:The mascot of 2799:The mascot of 2790:private school 2694: 2693: 2676:September 2017 2608: 2606: 2599: 2587: 2584: 2497:§ Eponymy 2487: 2480: 2479: 2471: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2457:Logos, mascots 2455: 2416: 2413: 2380:Hazel Levesque 2276: 2273: 2271: 2270:Modern culture 2268: 2258:Mark P. Witton 2236:Psittacosaurus 2221:Adrienne Mayor 2213:Psittacosaurus 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2074:Persian poetry 2070: 2069: 2059: 2056: 2048:City of London 2026:Pisa Cathedral 1993: 1986: 1985: 1980:Pisa Cathedral 1973: 1966: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1936: 1933: 1913:gryphon-marine 1902: 1899: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1798: 1795: 1739: 1732: 1731: 1719: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1703:, Germany, in 1698: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1675: 1660: 1653: 1652: 1644: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1625: 1622: 1581: 1578: 1560: 1557: 1553:Pope Cornelius 1492: 1489: 1465:§In literature 1401: 1398: 1338: 1335: 1260: 1257: 1237:Pomponius Mela 1221:Adrienne Mayor 1208: 1205: 1181: 1178: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1082:speaks of the 1050: 1047: 1018: 1015: 932:Olympia museum 924: 903: 900: 879: 876: 840: 837: 794:Persian Empire 786: 783: 762:Achaemenid art 700:cylinder seals 695: 692: 679: 673: 666: 665: 658: 656: 649: 648: 647: 646: 645: 643: 640: 631: 628: 611: 608: 597:Barberini tomb 574: 566: 563: 557: 554: 519: 516: 480:Deir El Bersha 463: 462:Egyptian names 460: 359:Middle Persian 328:In the modern 313: 310: 255: 247: 244: 242: 239: 173: 170: 134:Medieval Latin 63: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9864: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9795: 9792: 9791: 9790: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9768: 9762: 9761:Sigillography 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9740: 9737: 9736: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9720: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9648: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9621: 9615: 9609: 9607: 9601: 9599: 9593: 9591: 9585: 9582: 9575: 9572: 9565: 9563: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9514: 9508: 9499: 9496: 9487: 9484: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9468: 9460: 9457: 9456: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9424: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9406: 9399: 9390: 9387: 9378: 9375: 9366: 9363: 9354: 9351: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9335: 9328: 9319: 9316: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9300: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9157: 9154: 9153: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9131:Laurel wreath 9129: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8866: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8803: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8638: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8597: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8546: 8543: 8542: 8541: 8538: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8487: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8438: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8425: 8422: 8421: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8408: 8405: 8404: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8343: 8340: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8316: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8289: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8272:Grant of arms 8270: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8261: 8257: 8250: 8245: 8243: 8238: 8236: 8231: 8230: 8227: 8218: 8217: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8173: 8168: 8165: 8164:Griffin bones 8162: 8161: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8122: 8121: 8109: 8105: 8101: 8094: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8074: 8070: 8068:9780313243387 8064: 8060: 8059: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8005: 8001: 8000:Artibus Asiae 7996: 7992: 7990:9781477323632 7986: 7982: 7981: 7975: 7972: 7968: 7966:9780195095616 7962: 7958: 7957: 7951: 7947: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7928: 7924: 7923: 7917: 7912: 7910:9780807890332 7906: 7902: 7901: 7895: 7891: 7885: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7829: 7825: 7824: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7764:(in French). 7763: 7758: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7690: 7685: 7681: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7651: 7646: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7608:(1936–1937), 7607: 7603: 7599: 7597:9780521017480 7593: 7589: 7588: 7582: 7578: 7577: 7571: 7567: 7565:9780722125533 7561: 7557: 7556: 7555:The Magic Zoo 7551: 7547: 7543: 7538: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7517: 7513: 7501: 7493: 7491:9781575066127 7487: 7483: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7470: 7469: 7463: 7459: 7456: 7451: 7437: 7436: 7429: 7414: 7413: 7406: 7399: 7394: 7387: 7382: 7375: 7370: 7363: 7358: 7350: 7344: 7337: 7335: 7328: 7321: 7316: 7308: 7301: 7294: 7289: 7282: 7277: 7269: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7240: 7234: 7230: 7225: 7218: 7214: 7209: 7202: 7198: 7193: 7186: 7181: 7174: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7149: 7142: 7137: 7130: 7125: 7118: 7117:Coleman Barks 7114: 7110: 7105: 7098: 7097:The City Arms 7093: 7084: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7054: 7046: 7039: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7017: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6965: 6959: 6956:supporter of 6955: 6949: 6941: 6940: 6935: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6916: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6896: 6887: 6881: 6877: 6876: 6868: 6866: 6858: 6856:9781135861377 6852: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6829: 6821: 6820: 6812: 6804: 6802:9780912483511 6798: 6794: 6790: 6783: 6775: 6773:9780520306783 6769: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6753: 6745: 6741: 6734: 6726: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6706: 6700:, p. 46. 6699: 6694: 6687: 6682: 6680: 6672: 6667: 6665: 6657: 6652: 6645: 6639: 6632: 6629: 6625: 6619: 6612: 6607: 6601:, p. 47. 6600: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6584:, p. 44. 6583: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6566: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6542: 6538: 6536:1-85422-433-6 6532: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6518: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6498: 6493: 6491: 6482: 6481: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6460: 6456: 6451: 6445:, p. 122 6444: 6440: 6439: 6432: 6424: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6398: 6393: 6386: 6381: 6379: 6371: 6366: 6359: 6357:9780866980326 6353: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6337: 6330: 6326: 6321: 6313: 6311:9780892362233 6307: 6303: 6299: 6292: 6284: 6282:9780674991309 6278: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6252: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6232: 6224: 6220: 6215: 6207: 6205:9781910589212 6201: 6197: 6193: 6186: 6179: 6174: 6166: 6161: 6155: 6147: 6145:9781474461702 6141: 6137: 6133: 6126: 6111: 6107: 6101: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6087: 6080: 6073: 6072:Franks (2009) 6068: 6061: 6060:Franks (2009) 6056: 6049: 6048:Franks (2009) 6044: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6024: 6022: 6014: 6012:9781474417105 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5980: 5974: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5917: 5909: 5903: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5887: 5885: 5877: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5853: 5845: 5841: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5821: 5814: 5812:9780598910769 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5780: 5778: 5770: 5765: 5759:, p. 75. 5758: 5754: 5753:Bolton (1962) 5751:, n9, citing 5750: 5745: 5738: 5733: 5731: 5723: 5717: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5699: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5681: 5676: 5667: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5643: 5636: 5631: 5629: 5621: 5616: 5610:, p. 42. 5609: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5579:Benson (1960) 5575: 5569:, p. 319 5568: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5544: 5540: 5535: 5528: 5523: 5516: 5511: 5504: 5499: 5493:, p. 58. 5492: 5491:Benson (1960) 5487: 5485: 5477: 5472: 5457: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5438: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5400: 5385: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5366: 5351: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5332: 5325: 5320: 5314: 5310: 5305: 5299: 5295: 5290: 5282: 5278: 5277: 5272: 5266: 5264: 5247: 5246:Buffaloah.com 5243: 5237: 5230: 5227: 5223: 5220: 5214: 5207: 5206:Benson (1960) 5202: 5194: 5188: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5162: 5158: 5150: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5115: 5108: 5103: 5096: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5077: 5067: 5060: 5055: 5046: 5036: 5021:. 6 July 2017 5020: 5016: 5010: 5002: 5000:9780199284207 4996: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4968: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4930: 4923: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4886: 4884: 4877:, p. 64. 4876: 4875:Benson (1960) 4871: 4864: 4859: 4852: 4846: 4839: 4838:Benson (1960) 4834: 4828:, p. 63. 4827: 4826:Benson (1960) 4822: 4820: 4818: 4810: 4805: 4798: 4794: 4788: 4781: 4776: 4769: 4764: 4757: 4752: 4744: 4742:9780700714520 4738: 4734: 4733: 4725: 4723: 4715: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4696: 4691: 4684: 4679: 4672: 4667: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4639: 4638:Benson (1960) 4636: 4632: 4626: 4619: 4618:Benson (1960) 4614: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4594: 4588: 4580: 4578:9780892362233 4574: 4570: 4569: 4561: 4554: 4549: 4542: 4537: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4513: 4508: 4499: 4492: 4485: 4483:9781803271613 4479: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4462: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4426: 4421: 4414: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4371: 4367: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4336:(1): 41, 42, 4335: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4314: 4312:9789004235458 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4289: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4238:(3): 95–101, 4237: 4233: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4187: 4183: 4182:East and West 4179: 4175: 4169: 4167: 4159: 4157:9788871662480 4153: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4116: 4109: 4108:Taheri (2013) 4104: 4102: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4052:0-385-24693-5 4049: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4033: 4025: 4023:9781411665262 4019: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4003: 4001: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3968: 3960: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3914: 3908: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3885:Félix Gaffiot 3880: 3876: 3871: 3870: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3844: 3837: 3831: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3796: 3789: 3783: 3776: 3770: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3741: 3731: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3705: 3698: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3673: 3669: 3668:Godard, André 3664: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3634: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3543: 3537: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3511: 3493: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3478: 3472: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3441: 3435: 3431: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3347: 3343: 3342:UPM (company) 3337: 3332: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3266: 3265: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3248:Andean condor 3245: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3165:Latitude Zero 3160: 3158: 3157: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3117: 3105: 3102: 3094: 3083: 3080: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3052: – 3051: 3047: 3046:Find sources: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3024:This section 3022: 3018: 3013: 3012: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983:Iran Air Logo 2980: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2902: 2900: 2889: 2882: 2873: 2866: 2852: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2809: 2804: 2802: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2700: 2690: 2687: 2679: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2637: – 2636: 2632: 2631:Find sources: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2609:This section 2607: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2583: 2581: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2498: 2484: 2475: 2468: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2376:Percy Jackson 2373: 2369: 2368: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2317: 2312: 2311: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2267: 2264: 2263:Protoceratops 2259: 2254: 2251: 2250:Protoceratops 2246: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2231: 2230:Protoceratops 2226: 2222: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2208:Protoceratops 2205: 2200: 2185: 2182: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2161:Paradise Lost 2157: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2144:Lewis Carroll 2141: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2091: 2090:Divine Comedy 2086: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2033:architectural 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2001: 1997: 1990: 1981: 1977: 1970: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1867: 1865: 1864: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1742: 1736: 1727: 1723: 1716: 1706: 1702: 1695: 1683: 1668: 1664: 1657: 1648: 1641: 1631: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1607:" tale type ( 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1577: 1573: 1565: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1502: 1497: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1444:noted above. 1443: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1425: 1423: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1397: 1394: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1364: 1359: 1351: 1343: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1256: 1254: 1248: 1246: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1177: 1175: 1170: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1103:Minoan Genius 1099: 1098:iconography. 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064:Sumerian and 1062: 1060: 1056: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1014: 1012: 1006: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 941:ancient Crete 933: 929: 922: 919: 914: 909: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 875: 866: 863:dated to the 862: 858: 857:Hierakonpolis 854: 850: 846: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 792: 782: 780: 776: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 750: 747: 742: 740: 736: 732: 727: 725: 721: 717: 713: 712:Proto-Elamite 709: 701: 684: 677: 670: 653: 639: 637: 627: 625: 620: 615: 607: 603: 598: 594: 583: 579: 571: 562: 553: 551: 547: 543: 534: 529: 525: 515: 513: 508: 502: 497: 492: 486: 481: 477: 476: 470: 459: 457: 456:W. B. Henning 453: 449: 445: 444: 439: 435: 434: 429: 425: 424: 419: 418:H. P. Schmidt 415: 411: 403: 399: 395: 390: 388: 387: 382: 376: 371: 367: 363: 360: 356: 351: 349: 344: 339: 335: 331: 323: 318: 312:Persian names 309: 307: 299: 294: 287:(gryph) from 264: 260: 252: 238: 236: 231: 229: 225: 221: 217: 212: 210: 205: 201: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 178: 169: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 114: 108: 99: 98:Ancient Greek 95: 91: 87: 79: 75: 71: 67: 60: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 9751:Phaleristics 9684:Roll of arms 9650:Applications 9562:Bleu celeste 9548:Rare colours 9241:Ormonde/Wake 9126:Fleur-de-lis 8999: 8688:Inescutcheon 8653:Crozier head 8498:Coat of arms 8385:Augmentation 8292:King of Arms 8214: 8176: 8149: 8138: 8127: 8102:(4): 13–22. 8099: 8092: 8083: 8079: 8057: 8039: 8035: 8003: 7999: 7979: 7970: 7955: 7931: 7921: 7899: 7878: 7849: 7845: 7822: 7785: 7781: 7765: 7761: 7753: 7733: 7730:Jantzen, Ulf 7705: 7701: 7688: 7660: 7656: 7617: 7613: 7586: 7575: 7554: 7541: 7527:(2): 58–70. 7524: 7521:Antike Kunst 7520: 7480: 7471:Bibliography 7450: 7439:, retrieved 7434: 7428: 7417:, retrieved 7411: 7405: 7393: 7381: 7369: 7357: 7343: 7333: 7327: 7315: 7306: 7300: 7288: 7276: 7249: 7239: 7224: 7217:Mayor (2011) 7213:Mayor (1994) 7208: 7200: 7192: 7185:Mayor (2022) 7180: 7173:Mayor (2011) 7161:(6): 53–59. 7158: 7154: 7148: 7136: 7128: 7124: 7108: 7104: 7092: 7087:Hoffman, 318 7083: 7071:. Retrieved 7067:the original 7062: 7053: 7044: 7038: 7011: 7005: 6996: 6987: 6977: 6964: 6948: 6938: 6904: 6895: 6874: 6845: 6838:, to : 6828: 6818: 6811: 6792: 6782: 6762: 6752: 6743: 6739: 6733: 6714: 6711:White, T. H. 6705: 6698:Mayor (2022) 6693: 6686:Mayor (2022) 6656:Mayor (2022) 6651: 6638: 6633:, p. 225 n10 6627: 6624:Royal Beasts 6623: 6618: 6606: 6599:Mayor (2022) 6582:Mayor (2022) 6565:Mayor (2022) 6560: 6553:Mayor (2022) 6548: 6540: 6525: 6479: 6455:South (1987) 6450: 6436: 6431: 6426:@eaudrey.com 6414: 6404: 6392: 6365: 6346: 6336: 6331:, p. 51 6327:, n4 citing 6320: 6301: 6291: 6272: 6267: 6214: 6195: 6185: 6180:, p. 3. 6173: 6159: 6154: 6135: 6125: 6113:. Retrieved 6109: 6100: 6090: 6084: 6079: 6067: 6055: 6043: 6033: 6029:Hirst, G. M. 6002: 5995:Künzl, Ernst 5973: 5965: 5957: 5946:Mayor (2011) 5941: 5936: 5926: 5916: 5896: 5874: 5859: 5850: 5838: 5832: 5820: 5803:X.70 (p.539) 5795:John Bostock 5789: 5764: 5744: 5721: 5716: 5706: 5675: 5666: 5652: 5642: 5615: 5574: 5562: 5555: 5550: 5534: 5522: 5510: 5498: 5471: 5459:. Retrieved 5444: 5437: 5425:. Retrieved 5406: 5399: 5387:. Retrieved 5372: 5365: 5353:. Retrieved 5338: 5331: 5319: 5304: 5289: 5275: 5250:. Retrieved 5245: 5236: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5213: 5201: 5187: 5178: 5169: 5160: 5156: 5142:the original 5137: 5127: 5114: 5102: 5090: 5066: 5054: 5045: 5035: 5023:. Retrieved 5018: 5009: 4989: 4945:. 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Ya. 4263: 4255: 4235: 4234:, Series 2, 4231: 4225: 4216: 4185: 4181: 4147: 4138: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4078: 4069: 4060: 4042: 4038:Exodus 19–40 4037: 4032: 4012: 3989: 3985: 3983: 3980:Plate X, 144 3974: 3967: 3948: 3916: 3907: 3888: 3879: 3843: 3836:Polish noble 3830: 3809: 3795: 3782: 3769: 3755: 3740: 3730: 3713: 3704: 3692: 3679: 3663: 3655: 3652:André Godard 3642: 3633: 3625: 3617: 3608: 3598: 3589: 3565:this picture 3549: 3541: 3536: 3519: 3510: 3471: 3464:marəya saēna 3463: 3460:mərəγō saēnō 3459: 3452: 3447: 3434: 3327:Urbano Monti 3276: 3256:Douay-Rheims 3251: 3243: 3233: 3219: 3206: 3199: 3183: 3178: 3172:into a lion– 3164: 3161: 3154: 3152: 3145: 3141:Yin Yang Yo! 3139: 3129: 3127: 3120: 3114: 3112: 3097: 3091:January 2023 3088: 3078: 3071: 3064: 3057: 3045: 3033:Please help 3028:verification 3025: 2986: 2975:opened the " 2966: 2960: 2937: 2926: 2910: 2903: 2896: 2886:Flag of the 2830: 2823: 2812: 2805: 2798: 2788:The English 2787: 2780: 2769: 2758: 2750: 2743: 2727:Reed College 2708: 2682: 2673: 2663: 2656: 2649: 2642: 2630: 2618:Please help 2613:verification 2610: 2577: 2567: 2559:Midland Bank 2556: 2533: 2521:Merv Griffin 2514: 2500: 2444:Veres Kálmán 2441: 2426: 2409:griffon d'or 2408: 2396:Harry Potter 2394: 2392: 2372:Rick Riordan 2365: 2363: 2356: 2354: 2339: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2316:Harry Potter 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2262: 2255: 2249: 2247: 2241: 2234: 2228: 2219: 2211: 2207: 2183: 2175: 2171: 2159: 2154: 2147: 2120: 2113: 2094: 2088: 2082: 2071: 2063: 2045: 2030: 2010:Pisa Griffin 2007: 1976:Pisa Griffin 1944: 1940: 1938: 1912: 1906: 1904: 1895:male griffin 1894: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1861: 1859: 1826: 1818:coat of arms 1800: 1777: 1762: 1758:divine power 1751: 1748: 1617:Child Ballad 1602: 1585: 1583: 1574: 1570: 1530:formerly at 1528: 1520:St. Cuthbert 1517: 1514: 1506: 1500: 1486: 1479: 1469: 1460: 1446: 1438: 1427: 1419: 1413: 1403: 1390:) or agate ( 1375: 1328: 1317: 1311: 1308: 1273: 1262: 1250: 1242: 1235: 1229: 1225:gold nuggets 1210: 1190: 1183: 1173: 1171: 1159: 1154: 1146: 1144: 1121: 1107: 1100: 1078: 1063: 1052: 1042:Sanchi Stupa 1023:Central Asia 1020: 1017:Central Asia 977: 973:Arthur Evans 938: 881: 842: 817:Ziwiye hoard 814: 788: 751: 743: 728: 697: 633: 616: 613: 589: 582:Villa Giulia 559: 539: 474: 473: 465: 451: 442: 441: 437: 431: 422: 421: 409: 397: 391: 384: 380: 361: 352: 347: 333: 327: 305: 295: 274: 241:Nomenclature 232: 213: 198: 179: 175: 149: 141: 137: 125: 121: 93: 89: 85: 83: 68:, Palace of 44: 9756:Vexillology 9517:Rare metals 9497:(blood red) 9095:Winged lion 9075:Sea-griffin 9010:Hippocampus 8943:Allocamelus 8585:Fimbriation 8513:Compartment 8490:Achievement 8458:Marshalling 8424:distinction 8282:Law of arms 8267:Authorities 8207:Haupt, Ryan 8166:at amnh.org 7620:: 106–122, 7508:|work= 7229:Mark Witton 6970:J R Planché 6841:Zipes, Jack 6626:. p. 17 n5 6385:Nigg (1999) 6370:Nigg (1999) 6329:Nigg (1982) 5981:, p. 3 5720:Aeschylus, 5565:. 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