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Turkey, whose people were mostly ethnically Greek, which belonged to Italy together with southern
Albania and Yugoslav Macedonia.The claim to southern Albania was made on religious, not ethnic grounds as Tsouderos maintained that the majority of people in southern Albania were members of the Orthodox Church, and would therefore be happier living in Orthodox Greece rather than in Muslim majority Albania. Tsouderos's also wanted Greece after the war to annex the Eastern Thrace region of Turkey and for Istanbul to be turned into an international "Free City" with Greece to play a special role in its administration, demands that the Greek historian Procopis Papastratis called "completely unrealistic". Tsouderos's ambitions to annex Yugoslav Macedonia caused much tension with the Yugoslav government-in-exile and in December 1941 the Foreign Office submitted a note to Tsouderos stating "in regard to Macedonia it would be most undesirable that any question of territorial adjustment should be raised at this stage with the Yugoslav government. In regard to the Dodecanese, Southern Albania and Cyprus, they must make it plain that in their view it is premature to raise at this stage questions of future territorial adjustments after the war". When Eden announced in the House of Commons in December 1942 that the
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Venizelist, fired. Relations with the
Foreign Office were highly difficult as Warner noted in March 1942 that the king was "under the extraordinary impression that the Foreign Office was 'pro-Republican and anti-himself'". Despite the king's claims that the Foreign Office was conspiring against him, in fact, British diplomats very much favored having the king return to Greece as the best way of keeping Greece in the British sphere of influence. George was a very good personal friend of Churchill, who throughout the war insisted that the king must return to Greece no matter what, and those British officials who questioned this policy were sidelined by the prime minister. The British historian David Brewer summed up the prime minister's views: "Churchill's overall view of the Greek situation had always been of some medieval historical drama in which the king, hedged by something of divinity, defended his throne but was surrounded by scheming courtier-politicians while a despicable rabble clamored at the gates".
4721:
606:, the Foreign Office official in charge of dealing with the government-in-exile, reported on 23 September 1941: "Greeks of all shades of opinion are agreed upon the necessity of Greek government to make categorical statement without delay reinstating Constitution concerning freedom of the press and individual rights, abolished by Metaxas' regime. Majority of Greeks fail to understand why dictatorial methods of Metaxas have not been repudiated and fear their continuance after the war unless abolished now". The king moved slowly towards abolishing the 4th of August Regime; its end was proclaimed on 28 October 1941, and only in February 1942 did the king agree to restore articles 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 20 and 95 of the
439:
39:
2312:
2189:
2055:
1935:
422:
397:
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1994:
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812:(Resistance fighters), and enlist them to fight on his behalf. Mazower reported that many of the documents relating to the Stott mission at the Public Record Office are still closed to historians. Mazower argued on the basis of one declassified document stating "our long term policy towards Greece is to retain her in the British sphere of influence, and...a Russian-dominated Greece would not be in accordance with British in the Eastern Mediterranean" that the British policy in regards to the government-in-exile was to ensure they allied with anti-communist forces in Greece.
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51:
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SOE officers serving in Greece consistently reported that the Greek people did not want the king to return. Owing to the difficulties imposed by the Axis occupation, the state of Greek public opinion can only be gauged by impressionistic evidence, but the preponderance of the evidence indicates that the majority of the Greek people did not regard King George as their legitimate monarch and preferred that he abdicate so that the republic could be restored.
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4733:
854:-Greek People's Liberation Army), the military arm of EAM, should command the armed forces and that Papandreaou give EAM the ministries of the interior, justice and labour. Papandreaou rejected these demands, but he promised to resign for the sake of national unity, only to be overruled by Churchill who declared: "We cannot take up a man as we have done Papandreaou and let him be thrown to the wolves at the first snarling of the miserable Greek
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important issue in Anglo-Greek relations, and advised that when King George II visited London that he being treated as a major leader of the Allies. The memo noted that some Greek shipping tycoons were trying to keep their ships from being used on the dangerous North
Atlantic run to bring food to Britain, and advised pressure to be applied on the government-in-exile to ensure that all of the Greek merchant marine be engaged in the war effort.
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902:
777:, arrived in Greece and contacted the leaders of all the Resistance groups except for EAM. As most of these groups were republican, Stott pressed very strongly to have them declare their loyalty to King George II, saying the lack of royalist resistance was very embarrassing to British government, which kept maintaining the Greek people were deeply devoted to their king. Stott also stated that Greece was liberated he expected a
571:, King George II and his government left the Greek mainland for Crete, which was attacked by Nazi forces on 20 May 1941. The Germans employed parachute forces in a massive airborne invasion and attacked the three main airfields of the island. After seven days of fighting and tough resistance, Allied commanders decided that the cause was hopeless and ordered a withdrawal from
770:, the American ambassador to Greece, reported in July 1941 that "fiery Venizelists, like Mr George Melas, Mr Papandreou and General Mazarakis, have urged me to realize that the King can never come back, no matter what happens, and have begged me to tell my government not to let the British attempt to impose him on an unwilling country".
679:
government-in-exile, saying in one broadcast "the Greek
Government continues the Metaxas dictatorship in London. It continues as a travesty of Italian and German fascism in London...while they died, the 4th of August continued in London with Dimitratos, and Nikoloudis the right hand man of Metaxas...Papadakis of the fascist
596:, complained that Maniadakis was "travelling with the luxurious entourage of an Indian potentate in South America". In exchange for dismissing Maniadakis, the king demanded in exchange that the British expel 6 leading Venizelist politicians who had escaped to Egypt, and inconveniently were all working closely with the
592:
on their financial support. On 2 June 1941, the king reluctantly dismissed
Maniadakis as it became clear that the Greek communities in Egypt were unwilling to have anything to do with the government-in-exile as long as Maniadakis remained. One of the Venizelist leaders, Vyron Karapanagiotis, in a letter to
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The profit you get out of these operations is small when compared to your enormous financial expenses for this type of warfare and to the reprisals taken by the enemy against us, by executions, expulsions, setting fire to villages and towns, rape of women etc. and all else that the enemy practices in
723:
During the war, Tsouderos was opposed to resistance against the Axis occupation of Greece under the grounds that Axis reprisals always killed more people out of all proportion to even the slightest act of resistance, and constantly pressured the
Foreign Office to end all British support for the Greek
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on 26 April 1944. After the mutiny, of the 18, 500 Greek soldiers in Egypt, 2, 500 who had not joined the mutiny were formed into the Third
Mountain Brigade, which was sent to fight in Italy while 8, 000 soldiers were interned in Egypt for the rest of the war and another 2, 000 soldiers were allowed
765:
The support offered by the king to the dictatorial 4 August Regime, Greece's defeat in April–May 1941, and the fact that many 4 August Regime officials went on to collaborate with the
Germans by serving in the puppet Hellenic State caused a massive upsurge in support for republicanism in Greece, and
711:
between Greece and Cyprus after the war. However, the
Colonial Office was fearful that such a declaration could not be enforced and would only result in increased diplomatic tensions, and as such no declaration was issued. Besides Cyprus, Tsouderos also wanted the Dodecanese islands off the coast of
591:
in their political sympathies and objected to the
Metaxist ministers in the cabinet who however had the support of the king. The Greek communities in Egypt tended to very successful in businesses, playing an over-sized role in the Egyptian economy, and the government-in-exile was very much dependent
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The first action of the new Papandreou government was to call a conference at the Grand Hotel du Bois de Boulogne in Beirut of all the leading Greek politicians together with representatives of the resistance groups including EAM, which concluded that after the war a referendum would be held on the
761:
Besides for the SOE, the government-in-exile also had issues with the Foreign Office and the BBC. George II disliked the reporting done by the BBC's Greek language radio stations, which he felt did not glorify him enough, and repeatedly tried to get the radio announcer G.N. Soteriadis, a well known
741:
Besides for opposing resistance, Tsouderos felt that Greece had "done enough" in the war, and that with the exception of the Royal Hellenic Navy, Greece should do no more fighting with the Royal Hellenic Army forces in Egypt to be kept in reserve to return to Greece when the war was over. Relations
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s U-boats could sink enough British shipping, the Greek merchant marine provided the government-in-exile with an asset to bargain with in its dealings with the British. A Foreign Official memorandum described keeping the Greek merchant marine in being engaged in bringing food to Britain as the most
567:, which therefore allowed the king to claim to Palairet that he was broadening the cabinet. However, Tsouderos as prime minister proved reluctant to disassociate the government-in-exile from the 4th of August Regime legacy, moving very slowly and cautiously. On 25 April 1941, with the onset of the
828:
and threw their officers overboard, forcing the officers to swim to the shore. The government, unable to maintain its authority over its own armed forces, had to ask the British to put down the mutinies. As much as possible, the British tried to have the mutinies suppressed by Greek forces rather
807:
called a "wily" and "shadowy" figure who closely worked with the SS, and was never tried for war crimes, instead continuing his police career until his retirement in 1962. Stott was in radio contact with the SOE headquarters in Cairo during his visit to Athens, reporting to Brigadier Keble. After
578:
During the night of May 24, George II and his government were evacuated from Crete to Cairo. The government remained in Egypt until the withdrawal of German forces from Greece on October 17, 1944. The government had wanted to relocate to Cyprus, but following objections from the British Colonial
689:
and thousands of others...". This experiment in "black propaganda" turned out to be too "black" for the Foreign Office, as the government-in-exile objected vehemently to the SOE attacking it on the "Free Voice of Greece" radio station, and Sebastian, who was sympathetic towards the republican
808:
Stott's meeting was uncovered, he was described as a "rogue" agent and reprimanded while Keble was fired. Stott's visit inflamed the suspicions of EAM of the Cairo government, as many EAM members believed the king would pardon all of the Security Battalions, which had been used to hunt down
833:. On 23 April 1944, in the climax of the mutiny, a group of loyalist Greek sailors and junior naval officers stormed the Greek Navy's warships in Alexandria harbor controlled by the mutineers and in the process 50 men were killed or wounded. Venizelos resigned as prime minister in favor of
678:
The SOE maintained a "black propaganda" radio station in Jerusalem, the "Free Voice of Greece", which pretended to be broadcasting from Greece itself. To maintain this facade, the "Free Voice of Greece" radio station expressed feelings that ordinary Greeks felt and violently attacked the
656:
wrote that the Greeks were like the Jews in being the "most politically-minded race in the world who no matter how forlorn their circumstances or how grave the peril to their country are always divided into many parties, with many leaders who fight among themselves with desperate vigor".
638:
spoke of Britain having the right of "friendly intervention" in Greek politics. Edward Warner of the Southern Department of the Foreign Office in a letter to Leeper wrote that "most of the upper class Greeks" were "self-seeking Levantines...quite unworthy of the rank and file".
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in June–July 1943 with the Greek resistance ordered to go all out in launching sabotage attacks with the aim of deluding the Germans into thinking that the Allies were going to land in Greece instead of Sicily, Tsouderos submitted a note to Leeper that saying:
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were in Egypt. In March 1943, the government-in-exile returned to Cairo. British officials assumed a dismissive attitude towards the Greek government-in-exile, with one Foreign Office civil servant writing that Greece was "an Egypt without a
786:
loyal to the Hellenic State switch over to serving the government-in-exile when it returned to Greece as Stott asserted to his German hosts that he did not want EAM to establish control over Greece, and was willing to assent to having Greek
823:
in the Greek forces in Egypt as many of the ordinary Greek soldiers and sailors made it clear that they supported EAM rather than the government. In Alexandria, the crews of all the Royal Hellenic Navy's warships stationed in the harbour
600:(SOE) in organising resistance in Greece. As the Venizelist leaders all had "impeccable records of pro-British sympathies", the king's charge that they were pro-German was laughably absurd, and the six men were not expelled from Egypt.
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to break out between the communist and anti-communist groups, and Britain would support the latter. Stott then went to Athens and stayed as a guest of the German Military Police. The purpose of Stott's visit was to discuss having the
643:
wrote in his diary on 21 August 1944 that the government-in-exile should move to Italy to escape "the poisonous atmosphere of intrigue which reigns at Cairo. All previous Greek Governments in exile have been broken in the bar of
803:, approved of Stott's visit as the first step towards creating an anti-Soviet Anglo-German alliance. The German Military Police in Balkans were headed by Roman Loos, a professional Austrian policeman whom the British historian
109:
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618:, escaped from Greece and upon his arrival was appointed war minister. As Kanellopoulos had been an opponent of the 4th of August Regime, his appointment as war minister was seen as a break with the past.
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viaduct on the main railroad that linked Athens with Thessaloniki in November 1942 was organised by the SOE with government-in-exile first learning of the sabotage operation by reading the newspapers.
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to rule those areas of Greece under its control, which was very close to proclaiming a provisional government, and was seen by the government-in-exile as a challenge to its legitimacy. In April 1944,
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Throughout the occupation, a steady number of Greek politicians escaped to Egypt to serve in the government-in-exile, and the majority of these men were republican Venizelists. The SOE agent
795:
Heinrich Himmler believed that the alliance of Britain and the Soviet Union would not last, and inevitably the British would be forced to ally with Germany against the Soviets, and as such
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prime minister on 21 April 1941. Tsouderos, a former governor of the Central Bank of Greece, was not a professional politician, being appointed only because he had been exiled under the
675:
wrote: "The kind of Greeks who found it easiest to get on with the Germans were the kind of Greeks who found it easiest to get on with the old regime and therefore with the monarchy".
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forces. In the occupied Greece, alongside the Axis-controlled collaborationist governments, a vigorous resistance movement developed. Its major force was the communist-controlled
108:
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846:(guerrillas) were to accept authority of the government-in-exile, and the resistance groups were to enter the cabinet. The Communist leadership in Greece refused to accept the
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733:"Today all your expenses for the secret warfare of the guerrillas are in vain and still more are our sacrifices in lives and material used for these secret operations.
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with the SOE were difficult as the SOE refused to share any information with Tsouderos under the grounds that he was a security risk as he lived at the legendary
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699:(union) with Cyprus, arguing that the majority of the Cypriots were ethnic Greeks and wanted to join Greece. After the Battle of Crete, the Foreign Secretary,
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would give their loyalty to the government-in-exile, Egypt was offered up as an alternative venue. In Egypt, there were considerable communities of ethnic
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than their own military police. In response to the mutiny, Tsunderos resigned as prime minister on 13 April 1944, to be replaced by the "ineffectual"
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in Cairo. Most of the Greek resistance groups were republican and the largest and most important resistance group was the Communist-controlled EAM (
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favored restoring Albanian independence within its pre-war frontiers, Tsouderos objected in a diplomatic note, claiming that southern Albania or "
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wielded a significant amount of influence over the government-in-exile. Until 1944 it was also recognized as the legal Greek government by all
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703:, was afraid that the Germans might follow up seizing Crete with Cyprus and would offer the sovereignty over Cyprus to the puppet
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559:, the British minister in Athens, who wanted a more representative government than the 4th of August Regime, the king named
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As Greece had one of the world's largest merchant marines, and Britain was faced with the threat of starvation if the
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754:), which was openly hostile towards the monarchy. The most famous act of the Greek resistance, the blowing up of the
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resistance, who however pointed out that support for the resistance was SOE's responsibility. After the SOE launched
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separate administration, formalised in March 1944 after elections in both occupied and liberated territories, as the
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and then to Cairo. He remained there until the German occupying forces withdrew from the country on 17 October 1944.
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625:, and in September 1941 to London. The ministry of war remained in Cairo throughout the war as the bulk of the
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Throughout the war, Tsouderos and the rest of the government-in-exile strongly pressed Britain for an
500:, who evacuated Athens in April 1941 after the German invasion of the country, first to the island of
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The Greek government returned from exile accompanied by a group of British forces in October 1944.
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Venizelists, was replaced with Edward Warner, who was far more sympathetic towards the king.
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be employed by the returning government. Many senior German officials such as the
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Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
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to continue their military service, but were not allowed access to weapons.
543:, shot himself in his office, and King George II offered the premiership to
489:). It was the internationally recognised government during the years of the
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revenge for the relatively unimportant acts of sabotage of the guerrillas".
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which had been suspended indefinitely on 4 August 1936. In May 1942,
1729:
Clogg, Richard (July 1979). "The Greek Government-in-Exile 1941-4".
1660:"Greece - The Metaxas regime and World War II | history - geography"
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was based in Cairo, Egypt, and hence it is also referred to as the "
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British Policy Towards Greece During the Second World War 1941–1944
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Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
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Greece The Decade of War, Occupation, Resistance, and Civil War
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Inside Hitler's Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941-44
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The government-in-exile relocated In July 1941 to Pretoria,
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Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
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As Athens was about to fall, the Greek prime minister,
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1210:"Explore Our Collection of Study Guides - eNotes.com"
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551:, the much-hated minister of public order under the
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1183:
1171:
3277:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF)
1751:
1707:
4764:World War II governments in exile based in London
3253:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA)
720:" as he called it was rightfully part of Greece.
4750:
3282:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
3022:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO)
2444:
940:
648:". In 1952 in his memoir of his war experiences
579:Office, who complained that the majority of the
3262:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON)
3140:
1836:
1823:
4314:
3777:
1809:
457:was formed in 1941, in the aftermath of the
3536:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN)
1772:
1403:
1348:
773:In November 1943, a British officer, Major
4321:
4307:
1816:
1802:
1737:(3). Cambridge University Press: 376–398.
842:question of the king's return, all of the
817:Political Committee of National Liberation
529:Political Committee of National Liberation
3730:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
3589:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
3512:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA)
852:Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós
4330:Governments in exile during World War II
1144:, under command of the Greek government.
1140:Greek army officers participated in the
437:
4420:French Committee of National Liberation
3561:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI)
3507:National Republican Greek League (EDES)
1749:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1529:
16:Government-in-exile during World War II
4751:
1686:
1646:
1631:
1619:
1604:
1485:
1363:
523:. During 1944, EAM/ELAS established a
4688:Unrecognised or non-autonomous bodies
4302:
4279:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
4132:
3981:
3776:
3519:National and Social Liberation (EKKA)
3246:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN)
3241:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS)
3139:
2443:
1835:
1797:
1728:
1705:
1589:
1502:
1473:
1461:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1388:
1331:
1319:
1304:
1287:
1275:
1260:
1248:
1229:
1196:
1177:
1165:
1128:Greek Armed Forces in the Middle East
956:
953:
950:
943:
886:
879:
616:Ethnikon Enotikon Komma (Unity Party)
585:Greeks living in Cairo and Alexandria
3551:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ)
3323:Protests against labour mobilization
1133:Greek army officers participated in
3740:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing")
446:, on a visit to Greek units of the
13:
933:
14:
4785:
4133:
3236:Union of People's Democracy (ELD)
850:and demanded an officer of ELAS (
555:. Under strong pressure from Sir
4731:
4719:
4707:
4695:
4628:
4580:
4550:
4510:
4480:
4433:
4395:
4364:
4338:
2645:
2572:
2476:
2380:
2345:
2310:
2262:
2227:
2187:
2088:
2053:
1992:
1933:
1838:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign
1731:The International History Review
1075:
1025:
975:
900:
815:In March 1944, EAM proclaimed a
420:
395:
105:
49:
37:
4769:Greece–United Kingdom relations
3231:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE)
3226:Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
2920:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos
1652:
1121:
685:and Maniadakis, murderer of A.
3032:Greek National Socialist Party
3027:National Union of Greece (EEE)
2330:Central Macedonia Army Section
2325:Eastern Macedonia Army Section
2078:Western Macedonia Army Section
1779:. Cambridge University Press.
1773:Papastratis, Procopis (1984).
1202:
748:Ethniko Apeleftherotiko Metopo
1:
3747:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe
1743:10.1080/07075332.1979.9640190
1149:
864:
3609:Execution of Josef Salminger
2446:Occupation and collaboration
1081:
1031:
981:
906:
598:Special Operations Executive
7:
3983:Liberation and road to the
3645:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
2903:Jewish cemetery of Salonica
2754:Cephalonia (Acqui Division)
1142:mission of S.O.E. in Greece
10:
4790:
4216:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
4172:Holocaust Museum of Greece
2808:Larissa concentration camp
2803:Haidari concentration camp
2017:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
1825:Greece during World War II
1680:
1125:
1109:Democratic Socialist Party
869:
821:pro-EAM mutinies broke out
534:
91:
70:
4687:
4626:
4578:
4548:
4508:
4478:
4431:
4393:
4362:
4336:
4200:
4177:Kalavryta Massacre Museum
4159:
4143:
4139:
4128:
4075:
4005:
3991:
3977:
3897:
3851:
3800:
3785:
3779:Greek government-in-exile
3772:
3717:
3671:
3657:
3637:
3576:
3499:
3423:
3416:
3389:5/42 Regiment dissolution
3376:
3290:
3218:
3167:
3156:
3152:
3135:
3102:
3040:
3009:
2943:
2932:
2913:Expropriation of property
2888:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
2878:
2826:
2696:
2643:
2570:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2452:
2439:
2378:
2343:
2308:
2299:
2260:
2225:
2185:
2178:
2137:
2124:
2086:
2051:
2044:
1990:
1931:
1924:
1861:
1848:
1844:
1831:
1758:. Yale University Press.
1706:Eudes, Dominique (1973).
876:
752:National Liberation Front
491:Axis occupation of Greece
486:
455:Greek government-in-exile
374:
370:
357:
344:
331:
318:
314:
304:
300:
288:
276:
262:
258:
248:
244:
232:
228:
218:
206:
196:
186:
151:
141:
131:
85:
65:
33:
28:
23:Greek government-in-exile
21:
4537:Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy
4258:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
4013:National Bands Agreement
3874:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
3659:British Military Mission
3267:National Solidarity (EA)
2836:Greek economy, 1941–1944
2550:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
2365:2nd New Zealand Division
1909:Italian spring offensive
612:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
94:Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν
4495:Grand Duchess Charlotte
4192:Thessaloniki War Museum
3884:Christodoulos Tsigantes
3879:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos
3709:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
2370:6th Australian Division
2212:Konstantinos Bakopoulos
1958:Charalambos Katsimitros
1664:Encyclopedia Britannica
634:". The ambassador, Sir
549:Konstantinos Maniadakis
212:Constitutional monarchy
201:Eastern Orthodox Church
4759:Greece in World War II
3368:Killing of Franz Krech
3115:Executions of Kokkinia
3001:Dionysios Papadongonas
2996:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos
2410:1st Parachute Division
2129:(April–May 1941)
1977:Dimitrios Papadopoulos
1750:Mazower, Mark (1993).
1687:Brewer, David (2016).
739:
496:It was headed by King
450:
4774:Cairo in World War II
4608:Stanisław Mikołajczyk
4596:Władysław Raczkiewicz
4093:Archbishop Damaskinos
4050:Percentages agreement
3476:Konstantinos Ventiris
2863:Occupation Reichsmark
2415:5th Mountain Division
2242:Henry Maitland Wilson
2068:8th Infantry Division
731:
636:Reginald "Rex" Leeper
441:
187:Common languages
4265:The Guns of Navarone
4230:Ill Met by Moonlight
3909:3rd Mountain Brigade
3704:George Psychoundakis
3689:Patrick Leigh Fermor
3353:Pinerolo disarmament
2951:Georgios Tsolakoglou
2360:1st Armoured Brigade
2352:British Commonwealth
2234:British Commonwealth
2217:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1963:Konstantinos Davakis
614:, the leader of the
553:4th of August Regime
545:Alexandros Mazarakis
487:Κυβέρνηση του Καΐρου
463:occupation of Greece
403:4th of August Regime
361:Liberation of Greece
4467:Georgios Papandreou
4453:Emmanouil Tsouderos
4244:Ipolochagos Natassa
4088:Georgios Papandreou
3864:Emmanouil Tsouderos
3735:Operation "Animals"
3725:Operation "Albumen"
3446:Komninos Pyromaglou
3404:Red Terror (Greece)
3348:1943 Athens protest
3313:Gorgopotamos Bridge
3210:Evripidis Bakirtzis
3158:National Liberation
3053:Alcibiades Diamandi
3017:Security Battalions
2991:George S. Mercouris
2966:Sotirios Gotzamanis
2908:Baron Hirsch ghetto
2535:XXII Mountain Corps
2335:Epirus Army Section
2073:Epirus Army Section
835:Georgios Papandreou
784:Security Battalions
587:, who tended to be
561:Emmanouil Tsouderos
475:government-in-exile
461:and the subsequent
295:Georgios Papandreou
270:Emmanouil Tsouderos
136:Government in exile
73:Ἐλευθερία ἢ Θάνατος
44:Flag from 1822-1978
4655:Slobodan Jovanović
4615:Tomasz Arciszewski
4601:Władysław Sikorski
4570:Johan Nygaardsvold
4460:Sofoklis Venizelos
4182:Kalpaki War Museum
4035:Lebanon Conference
3901:in the Middle East
3899:Greek Armed Forces
3889:Pafsanias Katsotas
3869:Sofoklis Venizelos
3556:Hellenic Army (ES)
3491:Kimonas Zografakis
3466:Vasileios Sachinis
3451:Antonis Fosteridis
3417:Non-EAM resistance
3082:Cham collaboration
3063:Vassilis Rapotikas
2986:Nikolaos Bourantas
2981:Friedrich Schubert
2956:K. Logothetopoulos
2606:Carlo Vecchiarelli
2207:Alexandros Papagos
1953:Alexandros Papagos
1634:, p. 164-166.
1547:, p. 328-329.
1476:, p. 391-392.
1435:, p. 387-388.
1334:, p. 378-379.
1290:, p. 384-385.
1263:, p. 383-384.
1168:, p. 381-382.
831:Sofoklis Venizelos
714:British government
627:Greek armed forces
594:Sofoklis Venizelos
541:Alexandros Koryzis
451:
416:Kingdom of Greece
346:• Arrival at
283:Sofoklis Venizelos
80:"Freedom or Death"
4746:
4745:
4410:Charles de Gaulle
4296:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4209:Aera! Aera! Aera!
4167:Athens War Museum
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4108:Nikos Zachariadis
4060:Treaty of Varkiza
4045:Operation "Manna"
4040:Caserta Agreement
3973:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3828:April 1944 mutiny
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3694:Bill Stanley Moss
3653:
3652:
3604:Skala Paramythias
3481:Manolis Paterakis
3441:Dimitrios Psarros
3436:Georgios Kartalis
3412:
3411:
3384:Feneos executions
3195:Alexandros Svolos
3175:Aris Velouchiotis
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3058:Nicolaos Matussis
2928:
2927:
2813:200 of Kaisariani
2692:
2691:
2523:LXVIII Army Corps
2496:Hermann Neubacher
2491:Günther Altenburg
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2400:XXXX Panzer Corps
2295:
2294:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2040:
2039:
1853:(1940–1941)
1850:Greco-Italian War
1119:
1118:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1003:
996:
991:
948:
931:
930:
925:
918:
913:
884:
801:Hermann Neubacher
744:Shepheard's Hotel
726:Operation Animals
654:Winston Churchill
646:Shepheard's Hotel
608:1911 constitution
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
408:
407:
290:• 1944–1945
264:• 1941–1944
234:• 1941–1944
124:
101:"Hymn to Freedom"
4781:
4736:
4735:
4724:
4723:
4712:
4711:
4700:
4699:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4662:Miloš Trifunović
4659:
4652:
4646:Prime Minister:
4633:
4632:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4599:Prime Minister:
4585:
4584:
4568:Prime Minister:
4555:
4554:
4541:
4534:
4530:Dirk Jan de Geer
4528:Prime Minister:
4525:Queen Wilhelmina
4515:
4514:
4498:Prime Minister:
4485:
4484:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4451:Prime Minister:
4438:
4437:
4424:
4400:
4399:
4383:Prime Minister:
4369:
4368:
4352:Prime Minister:
4343:
4342:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4300:
4299:
4141:
4140:
4130:
4129:
4026:
4003:
4002:
3993:
3992:
3979:
3978:
3798:
3797:
3791:Greek government
3787:
3786:
3774:
3773:
3752:Damasta sabotage
3669:
3668:
3421:
3420:
3257:National Council
3205:Markos Vafeiadis
3200:Ilias Tsirimokos
3190:Georgios Siantos
3180:Stefanos Sarafis
3165:
3164:
3154:
3153:
3137:
3136:
2941:
2940:
2934:Collaborationist
2871:
2680:
2668:
2650:
2649:
2624:
2592:Pellegrino Ghigi
2577:
2576:
2542:Alexander Andrae
2481:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2454:
2453:
2441:
2440:
2395:XVIII Army Corps
2385:
2384:
2350:
2349:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2267:
2266:
2252:Bernard Freyberg
2232:
2231:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2145:Operation Lustre
2135:
2134:
2130:
2093:
2092:
2058:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2007:Benito Mussolini
1997:
1996:
1972:Ioannis Pitsikas
1938:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1769:
1757:
1746:
1725:
1713:
1702:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1608:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1533:
1527:
1506:
1500:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1407:
1404:Papastratis 1984
1401:
1392:
1386:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1349:Papastratis 1984
1346:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1233:
1227:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1072:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1022:
1001:
994:
989:
979:
972:
946:
938:
937:
923:
916:
911:
904:
882:
874:
873:
768:Lincoln MacVeagh
650:Closing the Ring
641:Harold Macmillan
569:Battle of Greece
557:Michael Palairet
513:Greek Resistance
488:
479:Cairo Government
459:Battle of Greece
424:
423:
412:
411:
399:
398:
392:
391:
376:
375:
362:
322:Battle of Greece
272:
214:
152:Capital-in-exile
126:
125:
102:
98:
97:
81:
77:
76:
53:
41:
19:
18:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4730:
4718:
4706:
4694:
4683:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4645:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4598:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4565:King Haakon VII
4549:
4544:
4539:
4532:
4527:
4509:
4504:
4497:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4450:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4394:
4389:
4382:
4363:
4358:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4297:
4284:
4201:Popular culture
4196:
4155:
4135:
4112:
4098:Georgios Grivas
4071:
4020:
4018:Plaka agreement
3987:
3961:
3900:
3893:
3847:
3792:
3781:
3756:
3713:
3684:Monty Woodhouse
3649:
3633:
3572:
3495:
3471:Lela Karagianni
3461:Ilias Degiannis
3456:Kostas Perrikos
3431:Napoleon Zervas
3408:
3372:
3343:Kournovo Tunnel
3286:
3214:
3159:
3148:
3119:
3098:
3036:
3005:
2976:Georgios Poulos
2935:
2924:
2874:
2865:
2858:Compulsory loan
2828:
2822:
2688:
2674:
2672:Trifon Trifonov
2662:
2644:
2639:
2628:VIII Army Corps
2618:
2571:
2566:
2501:Walter Schimana
2475:
2467:
2458:
2448:
2419:
2379:
2374:
2344:
2339:
2309:
2291:
2261:
2256:
2226:
2221:
2186:
2174:
2128:
2127:
2126:German invasion
2112:
2087:
2082:
2052:
2036:
1991:
1986:
1982:Georgios Kosmas
1948:Ioannis Metaxas
1932:
1920:
1852:
1851:
1840:
1827:
1822:
1787:
1766:
1722:
1699:
1691:. I.B. Tauris.
1683:
1678:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1509:
1501:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1410:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1370:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1303:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1236:
1228:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1070:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1020:
1004:
997:
988:
970:
951:Term of office
945:
936:
934:Prime Ministers
926:
919:
910:
881:
872:
867:
848:Lebanon Charter
797:Walter Schimana
793:Reichsführer SS
735:
734:
718:Northern Epirus
687:Michalakopoulos
604:E. G. Sebastian
537:
448:Royal Air Force
421:
396:
363:
360:
350:
337:
335:Battle of Crete
327:28 October 1940
324:
291:
279:
268:
265:
235:
210:
182:
127:
106:
103:
100:
99:
79:
78:
61:
60:
59:
54:
46:
45:
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4787:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4728:
4716:
4704:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4639:
4637:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4591:
4589:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4561:
4559:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4521:
4519:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4491:
4489:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4448:King George II
4444:
4442:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4375:
4373:
4371:Czechoslovakia
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4354:Hubert Pierlot
4349:
4347:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4303:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4212:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4137:
4136:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4000:
3989:
3988:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3957:336th Squadron
3954:
3952:335th Squadron
3949:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3920:Vasilissa Olga
3916:
3911:
3905:
3903:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3859:King George II
3855:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3801:Events/Battles
3795:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3699:Themis Marinos
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3666:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3486:Petrakogiorgis
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:Drama uprising
3294:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3185:Andreas Tzimas
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3162:
3150:
3149:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:Georgios Bakos
2968:
2963:
2961:Ioannis Rallis
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2669:
2656:
2654:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2616:III Army Corps
2613:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Angelico Carta
2583:
2581:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2555:Fortress Crete
2539:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2518:Hellmuth Felmy
2515:
2514:
2513:
2506:Alexander Löhr
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2469:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:King George II
2198:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:Kleisoura Pass
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Galeazzo Ciano
2009:
2003:
2001:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1856:
1842:
1841:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1747:
1726:
1720:
1710:The Kapetanios
1703:
1698:978-1780768540
1697:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1651:
1649:, p. 166.
1636:
1624:
1622:, p. 163.
1609:
1607:, p. 162.
1594:
1592:, p. 395.
1573:
1571:, p. 225.
1561:
1559:, p. 328.
1549:
1534:
1532:, p. 329.
1507:
1505:, p. 391.
1490:
1488:, p. 199.
1478:
1466:
1464:, p. 392.
1449:
1447:, p. 389.
1437:
1425:
1423:, p. 388.
1408:
1393:
1391:, p. 387.
1368:
1366:, p. 161.
1353:
1336:
1324:
1322:, p. 380.
1309:
1307:, p. 379.
1292:
1280:
1278:, p. 384.
1265:
1253:
1251:, p. 383.
1234:
1232:, p. 386.
1215:
1201:
1199:, p. 385.
1182:
1180:, p. 381.
1170:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1137:
1131:
1126:Main article:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
999:
992:
980:
973:
967:
966:
963:
959:
958:
955:
952:
949:
942:
935:
932:
929:
928:
921:
914:
908:King George II
905:
897:
896:
893:
889:
888:
885:
878:
871:
868:
866:
863:
705:Hellenic State
673:C.M. Woodhouse
581:Greek Cypriots
565:Metaxas regime
536:
533:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
418:
409:
406:
405:
400:
388:
387:
382:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
358:
355:
354:
351:
345:
342:
341:
338:
332:
329:
328:
325:
319:
316:
315:
312:
311:
306:
305:Historical era
302:
301:
298:
297:
292:
289:
286:
285:
280:
277:
274:
273:
266:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
250:Prime Minister
246:
245:
242:
241:
236:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
216:
215:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
181:
180:
174:
168:
162:
155:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
104:
83:
82:
63:
62:
55:
48:
47:
43:
36:
35:
34:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4786:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4677:
4670:
4669:Božidar Purić
4663:
4656:
4649:
4648:Dušan Simović
4644:
4643:King Peter II
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4538:
4531:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4500:Pierre Dupong
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4319:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:Commemoration
4131:
4127:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:Angelos Evert
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Ronald Scobie
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3976:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3947:13th Squadron
3945:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3541:Prometheus II
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3524:5/42 Regiment
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:Organizations
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:Organizations
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3075:Andon Kalchev
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:Secessionists
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:Organizations
3008:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2880:The Holocaust
2877:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
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2027:Ugo Cavallero
2025:
2023:
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2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
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1995:
1989:
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1968:Markos Drakos
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1887:
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1879:Korytsa/Korcë
1877:
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1874:Elaia–Kalamas
1872:
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1786:9780521243421
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1714:. NYU Press.
1712:
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1351:, p. 11.
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1059:Liberal Party
1057:
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789:collaborators
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471:Fascist Italy
468:
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130:
95:
88:
84:
74:
68:
64:
58:
52:
40:
32:
27:
20:
4676:Ivan Šubašić
4439:
4415:Henri Giraud
4380:Edvard Beneš
4277:
4264:
4256:
4251:Mediterraneo
4249:
4242:
4228:
4214:
4207:
4067:White Terror
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3790:
3778:
3594:Agia Kyriaki
3584:ESPO bombing
3566:
3338:Sarantaporos
3308:Mikro Chorio
3048:Roman Legion
2893:Thessaloniki
2841:Great Famine
2829:exploitation
2684:Asen Sirakov
2602:Carlo Geloso
2597:Piero Parini
2546:Bruno Bräuer
2511:Army Group E
2405:Luftflotte 4
2287:Kurt Student
2277:Wilhelm List
2150:Metaxas Line
2032:Carlo Geloso
2022:Ubaldo Soddu
1899:Klisura Pass
1775:
1753:
1734:
1730:
1709:
1688:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:
1654:
1627:
1569:Mazower 1993
1564:
1557:Mazower 1993
1552:
1545:Mazower 1993
1530:Mazower 1993
1481:
1469:
1440:
1428:
1406:, p. 9.
1327:
1283:
1256:
1204:
1173:
1139:
1122:Armed forces
1084:
1034:
984:
860:
855:
851:
843:
840:
814:
809:
805:Mark Mazower
792:
775:Donald Stott
772:
764:
760:
756:Gorgopotamos
747:
740:
732:
722:
708:
701:Anthony Eden
694:
692:
680:
677:
670:
663:Kriegsmarine
661:
659:
649:
623:South Africa
620:
602:
577:
538:
524:
506:
495:
478:
467:Nazi Germany
454:
452:
385:Succeeded by
384:
379:
366:October 1944
309:World War II
278:• 1944
86:
67:Motto:
66:
57:Coat of arms
4726:Philippines
4679:(1944–1945)
4672:(1943–1944)
4658:(1942–1943)
4651:(1941–1942)
4618:(1944–1945)
4611:(1943–1944)
4604:(1939–1943)
4594:President:
4540:(1940–1945)
4517:Netherlands
4470:(1944–1945)
4456:(1941–1944)
4423:(1943–1945)
4378:President:
4055:Dekemvriana
4021: [
3996:Prelude to
3941:Papanikolis
3914:Sacred Band
3818:Wadi Akarit
3808:Mareth Line
3679:Eddie Myers
3328:Fardykambos
3160:Front (EAM)
3146:Free Greece
3092:Xhemil Dino
2866: [
2779:Kallikratis
2675: [
2663: [
2660:Ivan Markov
2619: [
2530:Hubert Lanz
2466:Leaders and
2165:Thermopylae
1889:Morava–Ivan
1647:Brewer 2016
1632:Brewer 2016
1620:Brewer 2016
1605:Brewer 2016
1486:Brewer 2016
1364:Brewer 2016
1090:(1888–1968)
1040:(1894–1964)
1009:Independent
990:(1882–1956)
947:(Born-Died)
912:(1890–1947)
883:(Born-Died)
380:Preceded by
353:24 May 1941
340:20 May 1941
4753:Categories
4635:Yugoslavia
4487:Luxembourg
4385:Jan Šrámek
4030:Red Terror
3823:Dodecanese
3813:El Alamein
3718:Operations
3638:Atrocities
3577:Operations
3377:Atrocities
3363:Agorelitsa
3291:Operations
3142:Resistance
3110:Paramythia
3103:Atrocities
2936:government
2898:Zvi Koretz
2818:Chortiatis
2783:Kali Sykia
2697:Atrocities
2633:XXVI Corps
2562:Max Merten
1904:Trebeshina
1765:0300089236
1721:085345275X
1669:2017-06-27
1590:Clogg 1979
1503:Clogg 1979
1474:Clogg 1979
1462:Clogg 1979
1445:Clogg 1979
1433:Clogg 1979
1421:Clogg 1979
1389:Clogg 1979
1332:Clogg 1979
1320:Clogg 1979
1305:Clogg 1979
1288:Clogg 1979
1276:Clogg 1979
1261:Clogg 1979
1249:Clogg 1979
1230:Clogg 1979
1197:Clogg 1979
1178:Clogg 1979
1166:Clogg 1979
1150:References
1114:Papandreou
1102:18 October
1085:Papandreou
983:Emmanouil
917:3 November
865:Government
589:Venizelist
207:Government
3998:Civil War
3985:civil war
3843:Santorini
3614:Xirovouni
3567:others...
3394:Meligalas
2798:Kleisoura
2759:Mesovouno
2744:Domenikon
2734:Lingiades
2729:Kalavryta
2714:Alikianos
2704:Kondomari
2611:11th Army
2457:Occupying
2108:11th Army
1083:Georgios
1064:Venizelos
1035:Venizelos
1033:Sofoklis
1014:Tsouderos
985:Tsouderos
941:Portrait
877:Portrait
779:civil war
498:George II
444:George II
239:George II
197:Religion
179:(1943–44)
173:(1941–43)
29:1941–1944
4738:Thailand
3934:Katsonis
3793:in exile
3087:Këshilla
2853:DEGRIGES
2827:Economic
2709:Kandanos
2652:Bulgaria
2468:commands
2103:9th Army
1914:Hill 731
1095:26 April
1052:26 April
1045:13 April
1002:13 April
995:29 April
957:Cabinet
856:banditti
844:andartes
826:mutinied
810:andartes
531:(PEEA).
525:de facto
4714:Denmark
4702:Austria
4345:Belgium
4160:Museums
4151:Ohi Day
3661: (
3619:Trahili
3318:Meritsa
2788:Anogeia
2774:Viannos
2769:Vorizia
2749:Drakeia
2739:Distomo
2724:Kommeno
2483:Germany
2387:Germany
2269:Germany
2179:Leaders
2138:Battles
1925:Leaders
1884:Saranda
1862:Battles
1681:Sources
924:1 April
870:Monarch
682:Neolaia
535:History
509:British
359:•
333:•
320:•
142:Capital
87:Anthem:
4665:(1943)
4587:Poland
4557:Norway
4533:(1940)
4463:(1944)
4440:Greece
4402:France
4144:Events
4076:People
4006:Events
3927:Adrias
3852:People
3833:Rimini
3672:People
3629:Dodona
3624:Menina
3546:Apollo
3424:People
3399:Kilkis
3358:Steiri
3168:People
3070:Ohrana
2944:People
2793:Kedros
2764:Pyrgoi
2719:Doxato
2459:powers
2317:Greece
2194:Greece
2060:Greece
1940:Greece
1894:Himara
1869:Pindus
1783:
1762:
1718:
1695:
1135:S.O.E.
962:Start
954:Party
892:Start
887:Reign
709:enosis
696:enosis
632:Cromer
573:Sfakia
473:. The
254:
224:
171:London
167:(1941)
161:(1941)
146:Athens
132:Status
89:
4025:]
3599:Milia
3333:Porta
2870:]
2679:]
2667:]
2623:]
2579:Italy
2301:Units
2170:Crete
2095:Italy
2045:Units
1999:Italy
1105:1944
1098:1944
1055:1944
1048:1944
1005:1944
998:1941
927:1947
920:1935
502:Crete
483:Greek
348:Cairo
191:Greek
177:Cairo
165:Cairo
159:Crete
4271:film
4236:film
4222:film
3838:Symi
3303:Ryka
3255:and
3144:and
2846:GWRA
2781:and
2604:and
2548:and
2155:Vevi
1970:and
1781:ISBN
1760:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1693:ISBN
965:End
944:Name
895:End
880:Name
521:ELAS
507:The
469:and
453:The
220:King
3663:SOE
1739:doi
858:".
517:EAM
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