28:
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Schumacher's approach to excavation was, like most of his contemporaries, based on the careful clearance of architectural horizons, rather than the dissection of layers of earth. However, by the standards of the day the work was carefully recorded. His report is illustrated with a wealth of
201:. As part of the same development he also extended the mole of the port of Haifa. In the course of this survey he produced the first accurate maps of these regions, along with detailed descriptions of the archaeological remains and the contemporary villages.
257:, but considered unfortunate by later archaeologist due to the very large amount of soil removed in a manner that offers little stratigraphic information to future researchers. The massive intervention in this relatively small
246:
photographs of the excavated areas. It also includes simple but beautifully drawn sections, both a main section across the site from north to south and smaller ones to illustrate detailed stratigraphic points.
805:
Tell el-Mutesellim; Bericht ĂĽber die 1903 bis 1905 mit
Unterstützung Sr. Majestät des deutschen Kaisers und der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft vom Deutschen Verein zur Erforschung Palästinas veranstalteten
773:
Tell el-Mutesellim; Bericht ĂĽber die 1903 bis 1905 mit
Unterstützung Sr. Majestät des deutschen Kaisers und der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft vom Deutschen Verein zur Erforschung Palästinas veranstalteten
535:
Solomon and
Shishak: Current Perspectives from Archaeology, Epigraphy, History and Chronology. Proceedings of the Third BICANE Colloquium held at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge 26-27 March, 2011
249:
His main excavated area at
Megiddo was a trench 20–25 metres (66–82 ft) across, running north–south through the center of the mound, a method widely used in those days and influenced by
234:. The first volume of his report on Megiddo, covering the stratigraphy and the architecture, was published in 1908. The second volume, a study of the small finds, was published in 1929 by
789:
373:
Schumacher's maps of
Transjordan and the Golan, prepared on behalf of the German Society for the Exploration of Palestine, were the first detailed maps of the area.
284:, the stele would have provided chronological evidence about the city from the time of Sheshonk's campaign, related to the disputed historical existence of King
325:(called building 1723 by the Chicago excavators), from which he recovered a seal with a beautifully depicted lion and the words "Shema servant of Jeroboam".
295:
In the trench
Schumacher identified eight strata, which he numbered from bottom to top. Most of them may be dated, by the pottery found in them, to the
876:
274:, usually identified with biblical King Shishak, which was later found in the pile of dump created by Schumacher's trench, thus out of its original
206:
851:
871:
866:
846:
841:
289:
861:
856:
353:, some members of the Templer community returned to Germany. Schumacher remained there until 1924, when he returned to his home on
304:
230:
From 1903 to 1905 Schumacher carried out excavations at Tell el-Mutesellim, the mound containing the ruins of the ancient city of
511:
130:
He quickly became a leading figure in the construction of roads and houses. He was appointed Chief
Engineer for the Province of
881:
546:
114:. In 1869, Jacob Schumacher settled with his family in the Templer colony, where he became the chief architect and builder.
533:
886:
95:
40:
652:
601:
275:
211:
508:
Digging at
Armageddon: A New Expedition Tackles One of the Near East's Most Famous Tels - and Legends
318:
Part of the Early Bronze Age palace later fully uncovered in
Stratum XII of the Chicago excavations.
159:
308:
891:
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103:
87:
8:
803:
771:
609:
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111:
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27:
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91:
83:
541:. BAR International Series 2732, 2015. Oxford: Archeopress. p. IX (Preface).
515:
365:
296:
127:
Gottlieb studied engineering in
Germany, and then returned to Palestine in 1881.
459:
452:
440:
433:
426:
414:
407:
391:
70:
descent, who was an important figure in the early archaeological exploration of
799:
662:
Across the Jordan; being an exploration and survey of part of Hauran and Jaulan
656:
611:
Across the Jordan; being an exploration and survey of part of Hauran and Jaulan
605:
235:
135:
55:
762:
734:
706:
825:
338:
328:
Corbel vaulted tombs with no parallels in the southern Levant, in Stratum IV.
280:
194:
163:
51:
522:
Magazine, November/December 1999, via Tel Aviv U's "Megiddo Expedition" site
552:
354:
167:
59:
505:
Neil Asher Silberman, Israel Finkelstein, David Ussishkin, Baruch Halpern:
350:
239:
231:
217:. He published a series of books, also reprinted in English by the Fund.
63:
271:
99:
644:: surveyed for the German Society for the Exploration of the Holy Land
19:
300:
186:
155:
147:
139:
278:
context and rendered almost useless for dating purposes. If found
314:
Schumacher uncovered a number of important buildings at Megiddo.
285:
268:
204:
From 1886 he published articles reporting his discoveries in the
67:
531:
39:
The theodolite used by Gottlieb Schumacher in the museum of the
263:
led for instance to overlooking the potentially very important
178:
151:
303:
periods. His work was the basis for later excavations by the
264:
238:
and contained the material which survived destruction during
198:
190:
182:
174:
143:
107:
647:
596:
35:
375:
254:
131:
173:
One of his most important projects was the survey of the
777:. Vol. 1. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung
770:
Schumacher, Gottlieb (1908). Steuernagel, Carl (ed.).
210:. These articles were reprinted in translation by the
185:
districts, in preparation for the construction of the
369:
Key to Schumacher's maps of Transjordan and the Golan
685:
337:Among his discoveries was the ancient synagogue at
122:
532:Peter James; Peter G. van der Veen, eds. (2015).
823:
751:Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund
723:Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund
695:Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund
628:Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund
321:An Iron Age IIA palace on the south side of the
741:
50:(21 November 1857 – 26 November 1925) was an
679:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins
207:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins
797:
769:
713:
669:
618:
138:government. Among his many works were the
473:Each sheet is a separate clickable image.
102:sect which in the 1860s established the
877:American emigrants to the Ottoman Empire
525:
364:
86:, where his parents had immigrated from
34:
26:
18:
824:
360:
624:"Population list of the Liwa of Akka"
193:railway, which branched off from the
852:20th-century American archaeologists
809:. Vol. 2. Leipzig: Rudolf Haupt
357:near Haifa, where he died in 1925.
332:
290:1 Kings 14:25; 2 Chronicles 12:1-12
13:
487:
31:Gottlieb Schumacher at Tel Megiddo
14:
903:
872:Architects from Ottoman Palestine
867:American people of German descent
614:. New York: Scribner and Welford.
847:20th-century American architects
842:19th-century American architects
493:The Palestine Exploration Fund,
458:
451:
439:
432:
425:
413:
406:
390:
220:
123:Engineer, surveyor and architect
862:20th-century American engineers
857:19th-century American engineers
590:
344:
499:
495:Gottlieb Schumacher, 1857-1925
1:
798:Schumacher, Gottlieb (1929).
638:Schumacher, Gottlieb (1888):
480:
77:
882:People from Zanesville, Ohio
578:. Palestine Exploration Fund
7:
41:German Protestant Institute
10:
908:
225:
212:Palestine Exploration Fund
166:, and the bridge over the
763:10.1179/peq.1900.32.4.355
735:10.1179/peq.1899.31.4.339
707:10.1179/peq.1897.29.3.190
471:
412:
117:
887:Templers (Pietist sect)
82:Schumacher was born in
747:"Reports from Galilee"
719:"Reports from Galilee"
673:; et al. (1897).
370:
94:, was a member of the
44:
32:
24:
576:"Gottlieb Schumacher"
368:
349:With the outbreak of
309:University of Chicago
158:, the cellars of the
38:
30:
22:
687:Schumacher, Gottlieb
675:"Der SĂĽdliche Basan"
297:Middle Bronze Age II
790:English translation
361:Maps of Transjordan
251:Heinrich Schliemann
215:Quarterly Statement
48:Gottlieb Schumacher
23:Gottlieb Schumacher
691:"Notes from Jedur"
514:2018-02-16 at the
371:
305:Oriental Institute
45:
33:
25:
16:American architect
792:, by Mario Martin
548:978-1-4073-1389-4
478:
477:
88:TĂĽbingen, Germany
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816:
814:
786:
784:
782:
766:
738:
710:
682:
681:. 19–20: 65–227.
666:
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551:. Archived from
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436:
429:
417:
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394:
376:
333:Khirbet ed-Dikke
92:Jacob Schumacher
84:Zanesville, Ohio
907:
906:
902:
901:
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898:
897:
896:
822:
821:
812:
810:
800:Watzinger, Carl
780:
778:
665:. London: Watt.
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516:Wayback Machine
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795:
794:
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767:
757:(4): 355–360.
743:Schumacher, G.
739:
729:(4): 339–343.
715:Schumacher, G.
711:
701:(3): 190–195.
683:
667:
657:Le Strange, G.
649:Schumacher, G.
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620:Schumacher, G.
616:
606:Le Strange, G.
598:Schumacher, G.
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311:in 1925-1939.
236:Carl Watzinger
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124:
121:
119:
116:
96:Temple Society
90:. His father,
79:
76:
56:civil engineer
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4:
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2:
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558:on 2016-04-21
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339:Khirbet Dikke
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276:stratigraphic
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221:Archaeologist
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195:Hejaz railway
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164:Rishon LeZion
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104:German Colony
101:
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65:
64:archaeologist
61:
57:
53:
49:
42:
37:
29:
21:
811:. Retrieved
806:Ausgrabungen
804:
779:. Retrieved
774:Ausgrabungen
772:
754:
750:
742:
726:
722:
714:
698:
694:
686:
678:
670:
661:
653:Oliphant, L.
648:
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631:
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619:
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602:Oliphant, L.
597:
591:Bibliography
580:. Retrieved
560:. Retrieved
553:the original
534:
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519:
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489:
472:
372:
355:Mount Carmel
348:
345:Last decades
336:
322:
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267:fragment of
258:
248:
244:
229:
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205:
203:
172:
168:Kishon River
129:
126:
81:
47:
46:
43:in Jerusalem
892:Tel Megiddo
837:1925 deaths
832:1857 births
520:Archaeology
351:World War I
301:Iron Age II
253:'s digs at
240:World War I
142:hostels in
98:, a German
826:Categories
813:8 November
781:8 November
671:Schumacher
641:The Jaulân
634:: 169–191.
582:2014-10-13
562:2018-04-07
481:References
401: 1+2
272:Sheshonk I
162:winery at
160:Rothschild
154:hostel in
100:Protestant
78:Early life
112:Palestine
72:Palestine
60:architect
745:(1900).
717:(1899).
689:(1897).
659:(1889).
622:(1888).
608:(1886).
512:Archived
467: 5
446: 4
420: 3
187:Damascus
156:Nazareth
148:Tiberias
140:Scottish
52:American
802:(ed.).
307:of the
286:Solomon
281:in situ
269:Pharaoh
232:Megiddo
226:Megiddo
152:Russian
136:Ottoman
134:by the
545:
181:, and
179:Hauran
150:, the
118:Career
68:German
54:-born
556:(PDF)
539:(PDF)
265:stele
199:Deraa
191:Haifa
183:Ajlun
175:Golan
144:Safed
108:Haifa
815:2020
783:2020
543:ISBN
323:tell
260:tell
255:Troy
146:and
132:Akko
62:and
759:doi
731:doi
703:doi
292:).
197:at
106:in
66:of
828::
755:32
753:.
749:.
727:31
725:.
721:.
699:29
697:.
693:.
677:.
655:;
651:;
632:20
630:.
626:.
604:;
600:;
518:,
385:C
341:.
242:.
177:,
170:.
110:,
74:.
58:,
817:.
785:.
765:.
761::
737:.
733::
709:.
705::
585:.
565:.
382:B
379:A
299:-
288:(
189:-
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