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people will continue and multiply their forceful demands upon the
Government at Washington to keep its promise to the people to keep our country out of this mess which seems destined to wreck every civilization that lends its hand to it. It would be well at the same time if the people would politely suggest that the same Government at Washington cease its almost daily issuance of engraved invitations to all the rest of the world for trouble and war ... Those millions who have conquered the defeatist complex have brought about magnificent changes, changes in spite of newspapers, fireside chats, cabinet speeches, and a virtual blitzkrieg of propaganda to drive us to war ... in spite of what we see and hear each day, the chance of staying out has been multiplied to a degree that causes many of us to feel that it is better than a 50-50 chance.
301:
44:
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1559:
426:, Norris said, "Nye's young, he has inexhaustible energy and he has courage. Those are all important assets. He may be rash in his judgments at times, but it's the rashness of enthusiasm." Senator Norris proposed Nye as "... the only one out of the 96 whom he deemed to have the competence, independence and stature for the task." Although the committee found little firm evidence of active conspiracy among munitions manufacturers, their reports did little to dispel the notion. A leading member of the Nye Committee staff was
640:'s attacks on Jews involved with the American motion picture industry. It was noted that Nye had recently claimed that the American movie industry was run by "foreign-born Jews" and that the wrath of Americans trying to "find the scapegoat responsible for it all" might lead to "future trouble." While a large number of Jewish people were involved with Hollywood, Nye ignored the fact that the Hollywood film industry was not self-financed and had to rely on loans from American banks not run by Jews, such as "
268:. Family history indicates that she may have been asthmatic. She made trips to the South for recuperation, but on October 19, 1906, she died. He was thirteen; his brothers, ten and eight; and his baby sister, six. He was comforted by the presence of his four grandparents at the funeral. Nye graduated from Wittenberg High School in 1911, at age 18, and moved back to his grandparents' town of
472:. According to Nye, American involvement in the "war for democracy" could be explained in terms of a conspiracy of arms manufacturers, politicians and international bankers. In common with many conservative isolationists, Nye subscribed to an antisemitic belief in a Jewish conspiracy pushing the US into war. At a
534:
told him about the attack, but Nye was skeptical and did not mention the news to the audience. The reporter passed him a note during the speech stating that Japan had declared war; Nye read it but continued speaking. He only announced the attack at the end of his one-hour speech, stating that he had
554:
is a notorious fire-eating
Anglophobe Isolationist. His principal claim to fame rests on his committee which investigated the American armament industry a few years before the war, and much popular anti-British feeling stems from publicity which was accorded to that committee. He is a member of the
635:
accused Nye in
September 1941 of making "anti-Jewish insinuations," "anti-Jewish accusations," repeated the New York Post's accusation that he made a "crudely anti-Semitic radio broadcast" and noted his Senate investigations were accused of having "anti-Semitic motives." He received criticism from
329:
Nye and his young family moved to
Washington in December 1925, but because of the above controversy he was not seated in the Senate until January 1926. Nye's youth and lack of sophistication were the talk of the town. He had a bowl haircut that was ridiculed. Nevertheless, he became a very active,
695:
A lifelong smoker, Nye had arterial disease; the arteries in his legs were surgically replaced with plastic arteries, then state-of-the-art. Close to the end of his life, a blood clot went to his lung. While Nye was recovering from that experience, but still weak, a doctor mistakenly prescribed a
484:
Getting into this war is not inevitable for
America. It is fair to say that our staying out of the war is inevitable ... Getting into this return engagement of war to Europe is only as inevitable as we, the people of America, will permit it to be. Staying out of this war is inevitable if only the
369:.The cartoon portrays Smith riding a horse composed of Nye as the rear end of the horse and Reynolds as the front. Smith is holding a sword labeled defeatism. Additional, Seuss cartoons showed Nye riding a dying creature labeled as isolationism, entitled The End of the Trail.
1063:
The scholar who edited and analyzed Berlin's report commented, "what is wholly unwarranted is Berlin's accusation that Nye had fascist connections. Nye's isolationism derived from an instinctive agrarian neutrality rather than from any ideological persuasion or anti-British
326:. The appointment caused controversy as it was unclear that the North Dakota Legislature had given authority to the Governor to make the Senate appointment, a point made by conservative Republicans who were worried about weakening their caucus with the more progressive Nye.
686:
In March 1940, Nye divorced his first wife, and on
December 14, 1940, he remarried, to an Iowa schoolteacher, A. Marguerite Johnson. They had three children, all born in Washington, D.C. – Gerald Jr. (born 1943), Richard (born 1944), and Marguerite (born 1950).
611:
as
Assistant to the Commissioner and in charge of housing for the elderly. In 1963, he accepted an appointment to the professional staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Aging. 1966 saw his grand retirement party at the U.S. Capitol. It was attended by senators
675:. Anna and Gerald had three children: Marjorie (born 1917), Robert (born 1921), and James (born 1923). His eldest three children grew up on Grosvenor Street in Washington, D.C., and attended high school there. Every summer, Gerald would take the children to
337:
454:
of
Virginia, unleashed a furious response against Nye for 'dirtdaubing the sepulcher of Woodrow Wilson.' Standing before cheering colleagues in a packed Senate Chamber, Glass slammed his fist onto his desk until blood dripped from his
575:, whom he hates even more than the British Empire; indeed, he recently went to the length of defending the latter against the criticisms of the former, since he evidently regards any stick as good enough to beat Willkie with.
280:
Gerald and his brother Clair had grown up helping around their father's newspaper business and learned the trade. Gerald took the editing end and Clair operated the presses. In 1911, after graduation, Nye became editor of
313:
Nye was a supporter of the agrarian reform movement. His editorials lambasted big government and big business. He took the side of the struggling farmers. In 1924, Nye unsuccessfully sought election as a
Democrat to the
476:, Nye stated that those "responsible for the propaganda pictures are born abroad". He accused Hollywood of attempting to "drug the reason of the American people", and "rouse war fever"; he was particularly hostile to
624:, who presented Nye with a typewriter and desk lamp and orders to begin his memoirs. Nye became a consultant to churches and private groups desiring government funds for the building of retirement housing.
631:, a North Dakota German Jewish emigrant businessman, and his wife Adeline, bring more than 140 Jewish refugees to the United States in the 1930s and 1940s. Despite claiming to have "Jewish friends", the
245:, where his father became owner and editor of a small newspaper. Three more children were born there: Clair Irwin, Donald Oscar, and Marjorie Ella. Nye's father was a staunch supporter of Progressive
2131:
1475:
855:
Jennifer Frost. "Dissent and
Consent in the 'Good War': Hedda Hopper, Hollywood Gossip, and World War II Isolationism". Film History: An International Journal 22.2 (2010): p. 172
517:
by German submarine U-69 in May 1941, Nye said he would be "very much surprised if a German submarine had done it because it would be to their disadvantage" to torpedo the ship.
372:
He served on the Foreign Relations Committee, the Appropriations Committee, the Defense Committee and the Public Lands Committee. As Chairman of Public Lands, he dealt with the
1681:
535:
received "the worst news that I have encountered in the last 20 years". However, the next day Nye joined the rest of the Senate in voting for a unanimous declaration of war.
636:
Jews who worked at the New York Daily News, and former Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie would criticize both Nye and fellow pro-America First U.S. Senator
414:
investigated profiteering in the munitions and banking industry and the possibility that greed was a significant factor in leading the United States into World War I. The
411:
195:
1340:
667:
On August 16, 1916, he married Anna Margaret Johnson in Iowa where she lived with her maternal grandparents and had taken their name, Munch. In 1919, they moved to
473:
1468:
249:, and Nye personally remembered his father's taking him to hear Senator La Follette speak and then meet the Senator afterwards. (Years later, Gerald Nye and
1257:
756:
Statistics of the congressional and presidential election of November 4, 1924 (Report). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1925. p. 15.
1393:
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388:, but their relationship soured before the decade closed: for instance, Nye was one of four Senators who voted against the Supreme Court nomination of
330:
popular and outspoken Senator, and North Dakotans elected him to three full terms in 1926, 1932, and 1938, before losing to popular Democrat governor
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770:
713:
438:
The investigation came to an abrupt end early in 1936. The Senate cut off committee funding after Chairman Nye blundered into an attack on the late
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1484:
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447:
446:. Nye suggested that Wilson had withheld essential information from Congress as it considered a declaration of war. Democratic leaders, including
2106:
418:
as it was commonly known, drew national and international attention. Nye's appointment to the chairmanship of this committee came from Senator
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2101:
865:
607:
The pre-computer age firm created, organized, and managed records of industrial and government clients. In 1960 he was appointed to the
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380:. He was instrumental in passing legislation to protect public access to the sea coasts. He initially supported Democratic President
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drug containing penicillin, to which Nye was known to be allergic. As a result, he died on July 17, 1971, at the age of 78.
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940:
844:
592:. Nye chose to remain in the Washington area. He and his wife had purchased 3 acres (12,000 m) of pasture land in
543:
507:. Nye criticized Marcelino Garcia Rubiera and Manuel Diaz Riestra for illegally shipping supplies to the Nationalists.
559:, and possesses some influence in the Republican senatorial caucus. He has Fascist connexions, and works closely with
1375:
1334:
1169:
1125:"New York City's Spanish Shipping Agents and the Practice of State Power in the Atlantic Borderlands of World War II"
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226:, the son of Phoebe Ella (née Prentice) and Irwin Raymond Nye. Both of his grandfathers had served in the
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Edited by John N. Schact Published by The Center for the Study of the Recent History of the United States
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quoting the author: Barbara W. Tuchman, "The March of Folly", Random House, New York, 1984, p. 382
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1033:"American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943"
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that were passed between 1935 and 1937. To mobilize antiwar sentiments, he helped establish the
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of Massachusetts confer with each other in their call for President Roosevelt to invoke the
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2066:
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1408:
866:"America First: the Anti-War Movement, Charles Lindbergh and the Second World War, 1940–41"
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191:
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According to the State Historical Society of North Dakota, U.S. Senator Gerald Nye helped
8:
1995:
1894:
1827:
1777:
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1181:"Franklin D. Roosevelt and Covert Aid to the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39"
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died on June 22, 1925, he and others gathered in the office of North Dakota Governor
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NORTH DAKOTA... For Representatives... Second district: Gerald P. Nye (Dem.) 27,996
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Between 1934 and 1936, Nye headed an investigation of the munitions industry. The
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He was the first of four children. In his first year, he and his parents moved to
2010:
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1957:
1812:
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Transatlantic Antifascisms: From the Spanish Civil War to the End of World War II
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186:(December 19, 1892 – July 17, 1971) was an American politician who represented
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1941 Senate subcommittee hearing investigating "war-mongering" Hollywood films
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and sought to repeal the embargo against selling arms to either side of the
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Herman Stern, N.D. business, community and social leader, Holocaust rescuer
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In November 1944, Nye was defeated in his re-election attempt by Governor
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from 1925 to 1945. Nye rose to national fame in the 1930s as chair of the
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893:, "Radio address by Hon. Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota", June 26, 1941
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358:
771:"Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details"
714:"Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details"
603:
Nye organized and became president of Records Engineering, Inc., in
385:
1287:
Senator Gerald Nye: The Rise and Fall of Gerald the Giant Killer
1682:
United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
737:
735:
733:
731:
206:, he was a prominent opponent of United States involvement in
1483:
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meeting in Pittsburgh. Before his speech a reporter for the
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Nye was instrumental in the development and adoption of the
412:
Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry
198:, which studied the causes of United States' involvement in
196:
Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry
896:
728:
2132:
Republican Party United States senators from North Dakota
1250:
908:
1098:"New York Press Condemns Nye's Anti-jewish Insinuations"
218:
Gerald Nye (whose first name was pronounced with a hard
891:
US Congressional Record Senate 1941 Appendix page A3075
664:
and attended Grace Lutheran Church in Washington, D.C.
1030:
920:
253:
would serve in the U.S. Senate together.) His uncle,
27:
American politician and anti-war activist (1892–1971)
1258:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1236:
Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Relations
821:
Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Relations
202:
and became known as the Nye Committee. Prior to the
671:, where Gerald was the editor and publisher of the
396:, and legislation for agricultural price supports.
941:"Lost at Sea on the Brink of the Second World War"
600:. Their two sons had been born in 1943 and 1944.
579:
495:Despite Nye's antiwar positions, he supported the
289:in Iowa. In May 1916, he bought a weekly paper in
2058:
992:
285:. Three years later, he was the editor of the
1665:
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1239:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 318.
1100:. Jewish Telegraph Agency. September 11, 1941
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361:who featured him in a political cartoon with
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76:November 14, 1925 – January 3, 1945
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392:. He supported the political positions of
264:His mother, Ella, had been diagnosed with
232:43rd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment
42:
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835:
503:. He believed that the embargo aided the
1485:United States senators from North Dakota
1425:U.S. senator (Class 3) from North Dakota
336:
299:
236:3rd Wisconsin Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
2077:20th-century American newspaper editors
1178:
1155:
914:
902:
845:Merchants of Death United States Senate
538:In April 1943 a confidential report by
357:His isolationism drew the attention of
14:
2059:
1267:Three Faces of Midwestern Isolationism
1122:
1031:Hachey, Thomas E. (Winter 1973–1974).
926:
234:and George Washington Prentice in the
2107:History of United States isolationism
1653:
1457:
524:on December 7, 1941, Nye attended an
1274:Newspaper clippings about Gerald Nye
1232:
993:Pitz, Marylynne (December 2, 2001).
938:
376:investigations and the formation of
567:inside and outside the Senate. His
459:
24:
2127:People from Hortonville, Wisconsin
2102:Editors of North Dakota newspapers
1226:
968:"Nye Slow Giving News To Firsters"
544:Senate Foreign Relations Committee
308:
275:
25:
2153:
2142:People from Wittenberg, Wisconsin
2122:People from Chevy Chase, Maryland
2092:Antisemitism in the United States
2082:20th-century American politicians
1244:
995:"A decision that lives in infamy"
596:, part of a farm on a hill above
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490:Radio address on June 26, 1941,
399:
2097:America First Committee members
1186:Journal of Contemporary History
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1067:
1024:
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884:
858:
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580:Post-Senate years in Washington
261:when Gerald was in his teens.
1130:The American Historical Review
974:. December 8, 1941. p. 13
826:
813:
799:
793:"God made me a rabble-rouser!"
785:
763:
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706:
609:Federal Housing Administration
422:. According to peace activist
13:
1:
2087:American conspiracy theorists
1040:Wisconsin Magazine of History
699:
213:
1977:Energy and Natural Resources
1929:Interior and Insular Affairs
510:After the German sinking of
349:to keep the U.S. out of the
7:
1278:20th Century Press Archives
679:where Marjorie and a young
497:Republican faction in Spain
304:Gerald Nye Becomes Sen. Nye
230:: Freeman James Nye in the
10:
2158:
1253:"Gerald Nye (id: N000176)"
1162:Cambridge University Press
823:, Minneapolis, 1962, p. 68
775:bioguideretro.congress.gov
718:bioguideretro.congress.gov
403:
287:Creston Daily Plain Dealer
1976:
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1319:
1314:
1309:
1179:Tierney, Dominic (2004).
1156:Seidman, Michael (2017).
677:Yellowstone National Park
669:Cooperstown, North Dakota
378:Grand Teton National Park
251:Robert M. La Follette Jr.
177:
164:
154:
137:
113:
108:
104:
92:
80:
69:
57:
53:
41:
34:
1871:Public Lands and Surveys
1310:Party political offices
1291:Gerald Nye mentioned in
1251:United States Congress.
1203:10.1177/0022009404044440
690:
520:The day of the Japanese
448:Appropriations Committee
1233:Cole, Wayne S. (1962).
1139:Oxford University Press
1123:Blower, Brooke (2014).
999:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
972:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
633:Jewish Telegraph Agency
531:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
522:bombing of Pearl Harbor
470:America First Committee
365:and Democratic Senator
341:Nye (left) and Senator
2117:North Dakota Democrats
1019:Current Biography 1941
807:"The End of the Trail"
683:were teenage friends.
620:and hosted by Senator
493:
457:
354:
351:Sino-Japanese conflict
305:
283:The Hortonville Review
270:Hortonville, Wisconsin
259:Minneapolis, Minnesota
224:Hortonville, Wisconsin
204:attack on Pearl Harbor
131:Hortonville, Wisconsin
1148:10.1093/ahr/119.1.111
482:
436:
394:Robert M. La Follette
382:Franklin D. Roosevelt
343:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
340:
303:
291:Fryburg, North Dakota
247:Robert M. La Follette
243:Wittenberg, Wisconsin
59:United States Senator
2112:Maryland Republicans
1061:on October 21, 2013.
781:on February 2, 2020.
432:United States Senate
367:Robert Rice Reynolds
318:. When U.S. Senator
192:United States Senate
48:Nye in December 1925
2137:Teapot Dome scandal
1299:of Rachel Maddow's
905:, p. 299; 308.
809:. October 21, 1941.
724:on October 7, 2020.
642:Chase National Bank
430:. According to the
295:The Fryburg Pioneer
184:Gerald Prentice Nye
148:Brentwood, Maryland
118:Gerald Prentice Nye
1431:Served alongside:
1322:Nonpartisan League
939:Schaffer, Amanda.
390:William O. Douglas
363:Gerald L. K. Smith
355:
306:
2054:
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1931:(1947–1977)
1873:(1921–1947)
1691:(1816–1921)
1647:
1646:
1452:
1451:
1443:Succeeded by
1429:1925–1945
1398:Succeeded by
1345:Succeeded by
917:, p. 38; 41.
795:. April 26, 1942.
614:Robert F. Kennedy
550:stated that Nye:
501:Spanish Civil War
181:
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128:December 19, 1892
16:(Redirected from
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1680:Chairmen of the
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1054:. Archived from
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872:on March 2, 2007
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777:. Archived from
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720:. Archived from
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673:Sentinel Courier
605:Washington, D.C.
546:for the British
491:
460:Antiwar movement
324:Arthur G. Sorlie
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127:
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109:Personal details
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1227:Further reading
1195:Sage Publishing
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819:Wayne S. Cole,
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622:Everett Dirksen
598:Rock Creek Park
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478:Warner Brothers
466:Neutrality Acts
462:
408:
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311:
309:Political years
278:
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18:Gerald P. Nye
2041:L. Murkowski
2011:F. Murkowski
2001:F. Murkowski
1899:
1689:Public Lands
1608:
1434:Lynn Frazier
1432:
1423:
1401:Milton Young
1371:North Dakota
1367:U.S. Senator
1365:nominee for
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1326:U.S. Senator
1324:nominee for
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743:"Gerald Nye"
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188:North Dakota
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173:(until 1924)
167:affiliations
143:(1971-07-17)
94:Succeeded by
71:
64:North Dakota
29:
2072:1971 deaths
2067:1892 births
1843:Chamberlain
1409:U.S. Senate
1356:L. B. Hanna
1197:: 299–313.
1141:: 111–141.
1104:October 20,
1004:December 8,
978:December 8,
927:Blower 2014
681:Gerald Ford
646:Atlas Corp.
618:Ted Kennedy
594:Chevy Chase
374:Teapot Dome
200:World War I
82:Preceded by
2061:Categories
1828:Hansbrough
1748:Woodbridge
1728:Poindexter
1579:Hansbrough
1534:J. Burdick
1529:Q. Burdick
1446:John Moses
1363:Republican
700:References
660:Nye was a
648:, and the
586:John Moses
569:bête noire
542:about the
514:Robin Moor
442:President
440:Democratic
428:Alger Hiss
332:John Moses
316:U.S. House
214:Early life
171:Democratic
159:Republican
124:1892-12-19
99:John Moses
36:Gerald Nye
1943:O'Mahoney
1895:Stanfield
1524:Brunsdale
1297:Episode 8
1293:Episode 7
1219:159727256
662:Freemason
455:knuckles.
450:Chairman
434:website:
359:Dr. Seuss
334:in 1944.
228:Civil War
72:In office
2036:Landrieu
2026:Bingaman
2021:Domenici
2016:Bingaman
2006:Bingaman
1996:Johnston
1963:Anderson
1905:Kendrick
1803:McDonald
1703:Williams
1589:Thompson
1544:Heitkamp
1509:McCumber
590:Democrat
565:Reynolds
488:—
386:New Deal
384:and his
2046:Manchin
1991:McClure
1986:Jackson
1968:Jackson
1885:Lenroot
1798:Oglesby
1793:Sprague
1788:Pomeroy
1778:Johnson
1763:Borland
1624:Andrews
1594:Purcell
1584:Johnson
1567:Class 3
1514:Frazier
1492:Class 1
1376:Class 3
1335:Class 3
1303:podcast
1280:of the
1276:in the
1211:3180730
1052:4634869
952:June 7,
573:Willkie
561:Wheeler
353:(1937).
190:in the
1958:Murray
1953:Cordon
1948:Butler
1938:Butler
1910:Wagner
1833:Nelson
1823:Dubois
1783:Harlan
1773:Stuart
1753:Breese
1738:Walker
1713:Barton
1708:Thomas
1698:Morrow
1639:Hoeven
1634:Dorgan
1629:Conrad
1599:Gronna
1574:Pierce
1549:Cramer
1539:Conrad
1519:Langer
1217:
1209:
1168:
1064:bias."
1050:
876:May 2,
150:, U.S.
133:, U.S.
2031:Wyden
1920:Hatch
1915:Adams
1880:Smoot
1853:Smoot
1848:Myers
1838:Smoot
1818:Berry
1813:Dolph
1808:Plumb
1768:Dodge
1758:Felch
1743:Smith
1733:Ewing
1619:Young
1614:Moses
1504:Roach
1499:Casey
1369:from
1328:from
1316:First
1301:Ultra
1215:S2CID
1207:JSTOR
1193:(3).
1137:(1).
1059:(PDF)
1048:JSTOR
1036:(PDF)
691:Death
555:Farm
62:from
1890:Ladd
1723:Kane
1718:King
1604:Ladd
1394:1944
1390:1938
1386:1932
1382:1926
1347:None
1341:1926
1295:and
1166:ISBN
1106:2020
1006:2011
980:2011
954:2016
878:2008
616:and
588:, a
571:is
563:and
557:Bloc
138:Died
114:Born
1900:Nye
1609:Nye
1282:ZBW
1199:doi
1143:doi
1135:119
652:.”
512:SS
272:.
2063::
1436:,
1392:,
1388:,
1384:,
1378:)
1337:)
1255:.
1213:.
1205:.
1191:39
1189:.
1183:.
1164:.
1160:.
1133:.
1127:.
1085:^
1044:57
1042:.
1038:.
997:.
970:.
943:.
837:^
773:.
730:^
716:.
644:,
480:.
297:.
293:,
238:.
210:.
1673:e
1666:t
1659:v
1477:e
1470:t
1463:v
1374:(
1333:(
1261:.
1221:.
1201::
1174:.
1151:.
1145::
1108:.
1079:.
1008:.
982:.
956:.
880:.
745:.
220:G
126:)
122:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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