333:, and the Georgian âthieves in lawâ held key positions in the criminal communities of the entire Soviet Union. Natives of Georgia were engaged in underground production and unrecorded trade throughout the USSR, often siphoning significant resources from the legitimate economy. Georgian farmers earned on the supply of scarce fruits to large Soviet cities a lot of money, and their income could be ten times higher than the average Soviet workerâs earnings. The clan system of the underworld of Soviet Georgia was formed in the 1970s as an association of professional criminals,
341:. In those days, when the whole country was huddled in modest small-sized apartments, Georgian officials allowed themselves to build huge apartments for personal use. It is believed that such a lifestyle is associated with an innate culture of ignoring all sorts of rules, which is not so easy to eradicate. As a result, in the 1980s, the allied government had to recognize the existence of organized crime in the country, which served the requests of the ruling elite in exchange for its protection.
302:
412:, who had the backing of the militias, which continued to operate with impunity. The Mkhedrioni took advantage of their position of power to take over the gasoline business. Shevardnadze finally got the excuse he needed to disband the militias in 1995 after an assassination attempt. Ioseliani was imprisoned, although released in 2000 as part of a general amnesty, dying three years later. But other, less idealistic thieves-in-law still continued to dominate day-to-day life in Georgia.
435:'s regime in power. Saakashvili soon implemented a series of reforms aimed at tackling crime and corruption, firing and imprisoning a number of officials as well as making membership of the thieves-in-law a crime in 2005. In response to this as well as harsher prison regimes, several prison riots broke out before being heavy-handedly put down. In order to avoid prosecution, Georgian gangsters fled the country, typically to Russia, Israel and Western Europe.
357:. The standard of living in the country has declined much more than in other CIS republics, the system of government has practically ceased to function, and many sectors of the economy (especially the energy sector) were rapidly criminalized. Suddenly it turned out that corruption and organized crime pose a threat to the country no less than Chechen terrorists, who feel at ease in the
452:, a former sportsman turned racketeer after a conviction for rape. He would often act as a go-between for various underworld factions and something of a public face for the mafia. Prior to his assassination in 1993, Kvantrishvili spoke of his ambitions to start his own political party. His funeral was attended by many celebrities and politicians, including the singer
326:
hierarchy of power was disproportionately high. Interestingly, a similar process was observed in the Soviet criminal underground, where up to a third of strategically important positions were taken by immigrants from
Georgia, while the share of the Georgian ethnic group in the general population of the USSR did not exceed 2%.
317:
Georgia is a small
Eurasian state with a population of about four million, of whom two thirds are Georgians, and the national minorities are mainly Russian, Armenian, and Azeri. The geographical position of the country is due to the strategically advantageous junction of important communications from
325:
The
October Revolution transformed the Georgian underworld just as much as it changed other parts of society. Stalin's ascension to power was accompanied by the corresponding upward movement of representatives of Georgian society. Due to this, the degree of representation of Georgians in the Soviet
344:
Obtaining sovereignty in
Georgia is often viewed as a departure of the country from the Soviet methods of economic and political administration, but this view does not reflect reality. At that time, no deep reform of the legislation in Georgia and in other post-Soviet countries was carried out and
617:
Tyler Rake retires from mercenary work to a cabin in
Austria to recuperate. There, he is approached by a stranger and asked to rescue Ketevan, the sister of his ex-wife Mia, and her two children, Sandro and Nina, from Georgia. Ketevan married Davit Radiani, one of the co-founders of the Nagazi, a
348:
At the dawn of independence of the country, a number of local wars and military conflicts, the course of which largely depended on which side they took a well-organized
Georgian criminal groups. After these events, a number of "double flowers", strategically important areas, blossomed previously
321:
According to foreign researchers, the
Georgian criminal traditions were formed long before the October Revolution. It is thanks to cooperation with the Georgian crime that the young and energetic Joseph Stalin so successfully engaged in robbing banks, extorting money and stealing property from
322:
wealthy citizens. In addition to the profit, the revolutionary criminal environment in
Georgia contributed to the intimidation of competitors and the holding of high-profile terrorist acts. The rudiments of this system can be seen a century later, as they still permeate the country.
447:
fought one another for supremacy over the lucrative protection rackets of the emerging private business sector in the chaotic transition to capitalism, the
Georgian mafia made its presence known in Moscow. One of the most famous bosses of this period was
281:. Georgia always had a disproportionately high number of crime bosses and still has a majority of the 700 or so still operating in the post-Soviet space and western Georgia (Kutaisi Clan) is particularly well represented.
788:
329:
This trend has often attracted the attention of international scientists. They often pointed out that in Soviet times the
Georgian SSR had a very high standard of living due to its well-developed
1002:
389:. Due to an absence of any other means of funding, the militias engaged in protection rackets and smuggling and the weak Georgian government had no choice but to embrace them.
677:
Knowledge For Tomorrow: A Summarized Commentary Of World History, Nature, Health, Religion, Organized Crime, And Inspiration For The Youth: Quinton Douglass Crawford p145
1068:
459:
In more recent years, the Georgian underworld in Russia, Georgia and elsewhere has been characterised by a violent feud between the Kutaisi and Tbilisi clans, led by
1793:
415:
According to Spanish prosecutor Jose Grinda, Georgian mafia led by Dzhaba Iosselani during the 1990s took control of the country and state and then later led by
799:
1019:
2252:
1010:
253:) is regarded as one of the biggest, most powerful, dangerous and influential criminal networks in Europe, which has produced the largest number of "
443:
Georgian organized crime has been present in Russia since the Soviet era. During the 1990s, as rival criminal gangs, corrupt law enforcement and
1061:
657:
Since April 2006, Khachidze or Lasha Shushanashvilialso imparted influence on Georgia as well as Tariel Oniani from Kutaisi near South Abkazia.
1786:
982:
2257:
2247:
2272:
2267:
2262:
1366:
1119:
1054:
498:, now called Axiance) which have overseen large financial losses by many clients. The scamming operations have been run largely from
567:
1779:
709:
2242:
2237:
1041:
894:
471:, who was assassinated while attempting to mediate in 2009, while Usoyan was himself killed by a sniper in January 2013.
1024:
972:
2277:
1524:
1359:
978:
Foreign mafia move in on Italy: The Georgian mafia is encroaching on Italian soil, posing a great threat to the country
768:
1007:
919:
593:
2194:
1181:
589:
2158:
338:
273:
mafia groups. They are very active in Russia and Europe. The Georgian mafia has two major criminal clans from
2072:
1250:
1233:
1032:
369:
During the period leading up to Georgian independence in 1991, as tension grew between Georgians and ethnic
2064:
1895:
1887:
1537:
1995:
1260:
1186:
1176:
1168:
549:
portrays a Moscow cop sent to Chicago to bring back a Georgian drug lord Viktor Rostavili / Viktor Rosta.
1652:
1632:
1376:
1324:
1223:
789:"REGULACIĂN NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL DEL CRIMEN ORGANIZADO. EXPERIENCIA DE LA FISCALĂA ANTICORRUPCIĂN"
480:
2098:
1647:
1614:
1334:
997:
374:
1864:
1424:
1243:
977:
576:
519:
245:
2148:
1817:
1399:
1347:
1268:
1959:
1107:
585:
494:
claimed to have uncovered a network of fraudulent and unregulated investment brands (including
1273:
546:
1703:
1437:
1432:
1389:
541:
8:
1693:
1201:
831:
449:
432:
409:
1504:
1708:
1487:
1472:
1296:
1196:
601:
523:
468:
405:
401:
2189:
845:
2037:
2016:
1872:
1698:
1673:
1482:
1134:
818:
633:
507:
444:
416:
350:
313:. Before coming to power, he was engaged in criminal activity during the early 1900s.
270:
234:
198:
39:
2171:
1565:
1854:
1409:
1316:
1301:
1283:
1129:
1046:
262:
210:
202:
178:
1753:
1627:
732:
Institute of War & Peace Reporting (29 June 2007) Georgia: New Crime Crackdown
2211:
2166:
1964:
1842:
1802:
1771:
1725:
1637:
1557:
1457:
1452:
1238:
1206:
1139:
1114:
1077:
1036:
1014:
428:
378:
1622:
1097:
992:
987:
956:
756:
The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus
467:, respectively. The conflict claimed the life of notorious Russian thief-in-law
2232:
2111:
2032:
2011:
1943:
1668:
1597:
1514:
1499:
1467:
1462:
1352:
1342:
1146:
1102:
1092:
638:
605:
386:
330:
285:
77:
998:
Georgian mafia launders 7 billion dollars in Russia for âsmall victorious warâ
301:
2226:
2143:
2052:
2047:
1911:
1760:
1748:
1713:
1688:
1678:
1602:
1492:
1477:
1394:
1228:
1151:
944:
628:
559:
527:
460:
453:
397:
370:
358:
354:
310:
160:
73:
2106:
1730:
1720:
1581:
1211:
867:
613:
597:
464:
373:
several nationalist militias were formed, the two most prominent being the
258:
254:
218:
145:
1974:
1832:
1822:
1414:
1124:
796:
Fiscales de la FiscalĂa contra la CorrupciĂłn y la Criminalidad Organizada
499:
392:
The paramilitaries were first deployed against the separatist regions of
1969:
1827:
1642:
1442:
1191:
1156:
687:
382:
206:
141:
129:
109:
57:
2183:
2177:
1847:
1837:
1547:
1532:
1404:
1218:
554:
334:
190:
164:
156:
133:
125:
2127:
2088:
393:
306:
53:
1029:
1979:
1877:
1447:
1384:
515:
503:
284:
In many of its rules or "laws", the Georgian mafia parallels the
278:
274:
186:
182:
168:
137:
117:
113:
105:
101:
93:
85:
81:
1927:
1542:
1509:
1306:
920:"European Police Georgian Gang Arrest Blitz - Business Insider"
495:
345:
there was not even an intention to modernize the legal system.
266:
214:
121:
97:
69:
65:
49:
222:
194:
89:
61:
945:
On the hunt for the businessmen behind a billion-dollar scam
1291:
710:"How Italy's 'Operation Skhodka' Nailed The Georgian Mafia"
604:
with enough level of influence to help people to cross the
511:
596:", the main antagonist of this episode, Marta (played by
491:
1003:
Forty arrested in French raids on Georgian 'mafia' gangs
973:
Dozens arrested in swoop on Georgian mafia across Europe
846:"BBC NEWS - Europe - Georgia remembers Rose Revolution"
349:
unknown to local residents of the phenomenon, such as
1076:
993:
Georgian 'mafia boss' slips Europe-wide police raid
580:
features the fictional Georgian Dvali crime family.
1801:
1030:Thieves of the Law and the Rule of Law in Georgia
743:Thieves of the Law and the Rule of Law in Georgia
741:Caucasian Review of International Affairs (2006)
427:In November 2003 a popular uprising known as the
261:countries and controls and regulates most of the
16:Umbrella term for Georgian organized crime groups
2224:
988:Georgia mafia suspects arrested in six countries
786:
431:toppled the Shevardnadze's government and put
238:
1787:
1062:
957:https://celsolicitors.co.uk/is-everfx-a-scam/
895:"A Slaying Puts Russian Underworld on Parade"
769:Georgian Fighter Wields Guns, Money and Charm
481:Israeli mafia § Georgian organized crime
571:features fictional crime boss Marki Ashvili.
96:and all other post-Soviet states including
2253:Organised crime groups in Georgia (country)
1042:The Magnificent Graves of Georgian Mafiosos
1020:European police bust Georgian mafia in raid
1794:
1780:
1069:
1055:
983:Police arrest 69 in 'Georgian mafia' raids
1025:Georgia's mafia: the politics of survival
1008:Georgian mafia boss collared in Dunakeszi
892:
782:
780:
568:Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony
300:
868:"Undue Punishment - Human Rights Watch"
798:(in Spanish). p. 8. Archived from
600:) is a mob boss in the region near the
2225:
364:
1775:
1050:
777:
533:
707:
485:
530:businessman and former politician.
13:
938:
893:Erlanger, Steven (14 April 1994).
800:José Grinda Gonzålez. the original
422:
14:
2289:
2258:Organised crime groups in Germany
2248:Organised crime groups in Belgium
1367:Comité Régional d'Action Viticole
966:
2273:Organized crime groups in Russia
2268:Organised crime groups in Israel
2263:Organized crime groups in Greece
522:, the group is allegedly led by
296:
950:
912:
886:
860:
838:
761:
748:
735:
726:
701:
680:
671:
651:
404:to rein them in resulted in a
250:
1:
2243:Transnational organized crime
2073:Secret societies in Singapore
1234:Kinahan Organised Crime Group
664:
419:during Shevardnadze's rule.
2238:Organized crime by ethnicity
474:
438:
400:, but attempts by President
7:
1811:China, Hong Kong, and Macau
1187:Clerkenwell crime syndicate
622:
618:crime syndicate in Georgia.
385:led by former thief-in-law
10:
2294:
1224:Hutch Organized Crime Gang
688:"FOCUS Information Agency"
520:journalistic investigation
478:
291:
2278:Crime in the Soviet Union
2204:
2157:
2136:
2120:
2097:
2081:
2063:
2025:
2004:
1988:
1952:
1936:
1920:
1904:
1886:
1863:
1810:
1741:
1661:
1613:
1590:
1574:
1556:
1523:
1423:
1375:
1333:
1315:
1282:
1259:
1167:
1085:
614:Tyler Rake - Extraction 2
558:, crime syndicate member
408:where he was replaced by
375:National Guard of Georgia
239:
174:
152:
45:
35:
947:BBC News April 12, 2023.
644:
577:Deus Ex: Mankind Divided
353:, weapons smuggling and
1348:Gang de la Brise de Mer
1960:Hai San Secret Society
1108:Gang of Pusi i Mezinit
787:José Grinda Gonzålez.
586:Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
314:
36:Founding location
2190:Äá»ng XuĂąn Labor Union
547:Arnold Schwarzenegger
479:Further information:
304:
19:Criminal organization
1704:Solntsevskaya Bratva
1438:Banda della Comasina
1433:Banda della Magliana
1390:Al-Zein crime family
1269:KrejÄĂĆ organization
754:Zurcher, Christoph;
1653:SödertÀljenÀtverket
1274:MrĂĄzek organization
1202:Quality Street Gang
874:. 13 September 2006
774:. November 16, 1993
518:. According to the
490:In April 2023, the
450:Otari Kvantrishvili
433:Mikheil Saakashvili
410:Eduard Shevardnadze
365:Independent Georgia
265:and fully controls
175:Criminal activities
32:
2026:Post-Soviet states
1709:Tambovskaya Bratva
1662:Post-Soviet states
1648:Original Gangsters
1488:Sardinian banditry
1473:Sacra Corona Unita
1197:Lyons Crime Family
1035:2010-06-20 at the
1013:2014-02-15 at the
899:The New York Times
872:Human Rights Watch
848:. 23 November 2004
772:The New York Times
602:Caucasus Mountains
534:In popular culture
524:Davit Kezerashvili
469:Vyacheslav Ivankov
402:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
377:led by ex-convict
315:
22:
2220:
2219:
2038:Azerbaijani mafia
2017:Waray-Waray gangs
1873:Mumbai underworld
1769:
1768:
1699:Orekhovskaya gang
1674:Azerbaijani mafia
1483:Strisciuglio clan
1135:Montenegrin mafia
959:Is EverFX a scam?
758:; NYU Press, 2007
634:Azerbaijani mafia
552:In the 1995 film
539:In the 1988 film
486:In European Union
417:Zakhariy Kalashov
351:human trafficking
339:corrupt officials
228:
227:
199:human trafficking
2285:
2056:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1694:Brothers' Circle
1505:SocietĂ foggiana
1410:Osmanen Germania
1302:Loyal to Familia
1130:Macedonian mafia
1080:groups in Europe
1071:
1064:
1057:
1048:
1047:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
924:Business Insider
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
890:
884:
883:
881:
879:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
842:
836:
835:
829:
824:
822:
814:
812:
810:
804:
793:
784:
775:
765:
759:
752:
746:
739:
733:
730:
724:
723:
721:
720:
714:Business Insider
708:Galeotti, Mark.
705:
699:
698:
696:
694:
684:
678:
675:
658:
655:
318:Europe to Asia.
263:Russian-speaking
257:" in all former
252:
249:
242:
241:
211:money laundering
203:illegal gambling
179:Arms trafficking
33:
27:
21:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2212:Houthi movement
2200:
2153:
2132:
2116:
2093:
2077:
2059:
2050:
2021:
2000:
1996:Pakistani mafia
1984:
1965:Ghee Hin Kongsi
1948:
1932:
1916:
1900:
1882:
1859:
1843:Big Circle Gang
1806:
1803:Organized crime
1800:
1770:
1765:
1737:
1726:Ukrainian mafia
1657:
1638:Fucked For Life
1609:
1586:
1570:
1552:
1525:The Netherlands
1519:
1458:Mala del Brenta
1453:Casamonica clan
1419:
1371:
1329:
1311:
1278:
1255:
1239:McCarthy-Dundon
1207:Richardson Gang
1163:
1140:Frankfurt mafia
1115:Bulgarian mafia
1081:
1078:Organized crime
1075:
1037:Wayback Machine
1015:Wayback Machine
969:
964:
963:
955:
951:
943:
939:
929:
927:
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
891:
887:
877:
875:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
844:
843:
839:
827:
825:
816:
815:
808:
806:
805:on 9 April 2017
802:
791:
785:
778:
767:RAYMOND BONNER
766:
762:
753:
749:
740:
736:
731:
727:
718:
716:
706:
702:
692:
690:
686:
685:
681:
676:
672:
667:
662:
661:
656:
652:
647:
625:
574:The video game
565:The video game
536:
528:Jewish-Georgian
488:
483:
477:
441:
429:Rose Revolution
425:
423:Rose Revolution
379:Tengiz Kitovani
367:
299:
294:
244:
28:
25:
24:
23:Georgian mafia
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2197:âs robber band
2195:BáșĄch HáșŁi ÄÆ°á»ng
2192:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2112:Four Seas Gang
2109:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2043:Georgian mafia
2040:
2035:
2033:Armenian mafia
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:Bahala Na Gang
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1944:Lebanese mafia
1940:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:groups in Asia
1799:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1686:
1684:Georgian mafia
1681:
1676:
1671:
1669:Armenian mafia
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1598:Galician mafia
1594:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1566:PruszkĂłw mafia
1562:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1515:White Uno Gang
1512:
1507:
1502:
1500:Sicilian Mafia
1497:
1496:
1495:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1463:Mafia Capitale
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1353:Petit Bar Gang
1350:
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926:. 27 June 2013
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255:thieves in law
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240:á„áá ááŁáá ááá€áá
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26:á„áá ááŁáá ááá€áá
2107:Bamboo Union
2042:
1731:Donetsk Clan
1721:Thief in law
1683:
1623:Brödraskapet
1582:Slovak mafia
1538:No Surrender
1360:
1212:Whitney gang
1098:Gang of Ăole
952:
940:
928:. Retrieved
923:
914:
902:. Retrieved
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598:Alison Whyte
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500:call centres
489:
465:Aslan Usoyan
458:
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406:violent coup
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283:
230:
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219:racketeering
146:Turkmenistan
29:
2082:South Korea
2051:(including
2005:Philippines
1975:Sio Sam Ong
1833:Wo Shing Wo
1468:'Ndrangheta
1415:Ringvereine
1297:Black Cobra
1177:Blue Angels
1125:Greek mafia
930:26 December
904:26 December
878:26 December
852:26 December
693:26 December
2227:Categories
2172:ÄáșĄi Cathay
2167:BĂŹnh XuyĂȘn
1970:Mamak Gang
1828:Sun Yee On
1643:Naserligan
1443:Basilischi
1325:Cannonball
1157:Zemun Clan
828:|url=
719:2022-11-20
665:References
383:Mkhedrioni
335:tsekhoviks
207:kidnapping
142:Uzbekistan
130:Kazakhstan
110:Azerbaijan
58:Montenegro
2065:Singapore
1888:Indonesia
1855:Snakehead
1848:Shui Fong
1838:Wo Hop To
1548:Satudarah
1533:Hopi Boys
1405:Miri-Clan
1219:Irish Mob
1192:Kray firm
592:episode "
555:GoldenEye
475:In Israel
445:oligarchs
439:In Russia
246:romanized
191:extortion
165:Armenians
157:Georgians
153:Ethnicity
134:Kirgistan
126:Lithuania
46:Territory
2128:Chao pho
2121:Thailand
2089:Kkangpae
1989:Pakistan
1953:Malaysia
1575:Slovakia
1033:Archived
1011:Archived
819:cite web
809:13 April
623:See also
608:borders.
590:season 1
542:Red Heat
394:Abkhazia
381:and the
307:mug shot
235:Georgian
54:Bulgaria
2186:'s gang
2184:Dung HĂ
2180:'s gang
2178:NÄm Cam
2174:'s gang
2159:Vietnam
1980:Wah Kee
1937:Lebanon
1878:Dacoity
1633:Foxtrot
1448:Camorra
1400:Gremium
1385:36 Boys
1377:Germany
1317:Finland
1284:Denmark
1261:Czechia
1244:Westies
1086:Balkans
830:value (
594:The Hub
516:Ukraine
508:Georgia
504:Tbilisi
292:History
279:Kutaisi
275:Tbilisi
271:Georgia
187:bribery
183:assault
169:Yezidis
138:Moldova
118:Estonia
114:Belarus
106:Armenia
102:Ukraine
94:Belgium
86:Hungary
82:Germany
40:Georgia
2137:Turkey
2099:Taiwan
1928:Yakuza
1905:Israel
1896:Preman
1818:Triads
1742:Turkey
1615:Sweden
1558:Poland
1543:Penose
1510:Stidda
1361:Milieu
1335:France
1307:X-Team
826:Check
496:EverFX
371:Abkhaz
267:Russia
237::
221:, and
215:murder
122:Latvia
98:Russia
70:France
66:Poland
50:Greece
2233:Mafia
2205:Yemen
1921:Japan
1865:India
1591:Spain
1425:Italy
803:(PDF)
792:(PDF)
645:Notes
223:theft
195:fraud
90:Italy
62:Spain
1292:AK81
932:2014
906:2014
880:2014
854:2014
832:help
811:2021
745:p.52
695:2014
526:, a
512:Kyiv
510:and
463:and
396:and
337:and
277:and
269:and
259:USSR
1823:14K
611:In
583:In
502:in
492:BBC
309:of
2229::
922:.
897:.
870:.
823::
821:}}
817:{{
794:.
779:^
712:.
545:,
514:,
506:,
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305:A
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2055:)
1795:e
1788:t
1781:v
1070:e
1063:t
1056:v
934:.
908:.
882:.
856:.
834:)
813:.
722:.
697:.
562:.
248::
233:(
148:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.