411:
72:
359:
277:
373:
387:
2841:
had in fact been defeated by Pukkusāti's Gāndhārī kingdom. Therefore, following
Prakash's position, the Achaemenids would have been able to conquer Gandhāra only after a period of decline of Gandhāra after the reign of Pukkusāti combined the growth of Achaemenid power under the kings
2595:, according to which they received Brahmanic consecration, but their family's attitude towards ritual is mentioned negatively, with the royal family of Gandhāra during this period following non-Brahmanical religious traditions. According to the
2814:
advanced that Cyrus had conquered only the trans-Indus borderlands around
Peshawar which had belonged to Gandhāra while Pukkusāti remained a powerful king who maintained his rule over the rest of Gandhāra and the western Punjab.
2879:. The annexation under Cyrus was limited to Gandhāra proper, after which the peoples of the Punjab region previously under Gāndhārī authority took advantage of the new power vacuum to form their own states.
2575:
in a hymn asking fever to leave the body of the sick man and instead go those aforementioned tribes. The tribes listed were the furthermost border tribes known to those in
2393:
410:
2303:
2819:
2363:
2427:
2333:
3593:
71:
2343:
3329:
3133:
2867:
It is unknown whether Pukkusāti remained in power after the
Achaemenid conquest as a Persian vassal or if he was replaced by a Persian
3196:
Young, T. Cuyler (1988). "The early history of the Medes and the
Persians and the Achaemenid empire to the death of Cambyses". In
2778:
3447:
3588:
3378:
3309:
3257:
3229:
3165:
3127:
3100:
3171:
3578:
3573:
2420:
2153:
2749:
region, and who were threatened by his expansionist policy. Pukkusāti also engaged in friendly relations with the king
630:
619:
2709:
During the 6th century BCE, Gandhāra was an important imperial power in north-west Iron Age South Asia, with the
17:
2413:
662:
420:
3277:
3197:
2733:, who reigned around 550 BCE, engaged in expansionist ventures which brought him into conflict with the king
2518:
2238:
747:
2615:
2348:
2218:
3440:
3301:
3221:
2606:, Nagnajit, or Naggaji, was a prominent king who had adopted Jainism and was comparable to Dvimukha of
2398:
3393:
Political
History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty
2368:
2328:
2318:
1793:
1387:
736:
608:
113:
3388:
2253:
1167:
1007:
2760:
Due to this important position, Buddhist texts listed the Gandhāra kingdom as one of the sixteen
2741:. Pukkusāti was successful in this struggle with Pradyota, but war broke out between him and the
2677:
2358:
2323:
2158:
1938:
1487:
1039:
968:
2864:
confirms that his empire had inherited this region from conquests carried out earlier by Cyrus.
3583:
3568:
3482:
3396:
3325:
2913:
2738:
2509:
2273:
2248:
2198:
2138:
1723:
1659:
1457:
673:
548:
3117:
2875:
sources claim that he renounced his throne and became a monk after becoming a disciple of the
3433:
2807:
2308:
2278:
2143:
2098:
1928:
1567:
1557:
1527:
1259:
1239:
1100:
469:
431:
2627:
2861:
2388:
2243:
2228:
2173:
1814:
8:
3497:
3370:
3285:
3205:
3092:
2691:
2663:
2445:
2168:
1896:
1743:
1437:
1417:
829:
777:
334:
3042:
2457:
2373:
2233:
2213:
1858:
1467:
1377:
1147:
1137:
1070:
1019:
725:
641:
327:
3356:
2583:, the Āṅgeyas and Māgadhīs in the east, and the Mūjavants and Gandhārīs in the north.
358:
3374:
3305:
3253:
3225:
3161:
3123:
3096:
2937:
A History of
Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
2826:
2791:
2501:
2453:
2383:
2353:
2263:
2258:
2203:
2148:
1978:
1868:
1847:
1803:
1773:
1477:
1407:
1397:
1367:
849:
811:
691:
443:
338:
307:
221:
2888:
2713:
being part of the kingdom, while the other states of the Punjab region, such as the
372:
3281:
3201:
2908:
2847:
2449:
2378:
2313:
2283:
2268:
2223:
2208:
2193:
2163:
2058:
1753:
1537:
1447:
1326:
1316:
1269:
1198:
1177:
767:
757:
596:
531:
35:
2637:
By the later Vedic period, the situation had changed, and the Gāndhārī capital of
30:
This article is about the Iron Age kingdom proper. For the historical region, see
3155:
2834:
2795:
1836:
1825:
1783:
1763:
1681:
1648:
1229:
1157:
1117:
1029:
989:
951:
869:
3487:
3542:
3527:
3289:
3209:
2876:
2710:
2647:
went to learn the three Vedas and the eighteen branches of knowledge, with the
2599:
2461:
2440:
The Gandhāra kingdom of the late Vedic period was located on both sides of the
2046:
1998:
1692:
1670:
1638:
1616:
1577:
1507:
1497:
1357:
1090:
900:
402:
193:
3562:
3522:
2932:
2761:
2730:
2482:
1968:
1908:
1733:
1127:
1080:
1060:
934:
917:
879:
859:
794:
578:
568:
558:
501:
386:
179:
77:
2851:
262:
3512:
3456:
3245:
2903:
2811:
2722:
2497:
2088:
2078:
1958:
1948:
1878:
1713:
1703:
1587:
1517:
1299:
1219:
839:
703:
651:
519:
93:
3420:: Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology & Ahimsa. pp. 388–464.
2698:, Uddālaka Āruṇi himself favourably referred to Gāndhārī education to the
2687:
3409:
3273:
2857:
2843:
2742:
2576:
2560:
2441:
2108:
2068:
2028:
1427:
1289:
1279:
3046:
3030:
2829:
into north-west South Asia. This hypothesis posits that the army which
2822:, Pukkusāti might have acted as a bulwark against the expansion of the
2018:
1918:
1628:
2782:
260:
3297:
3217:
3060:
2750:
2586:
The Gāndhārī king
Nagnajit and his son Svarajit are mentioned in the
2491:
1988:
2810:, marched into Gandhara and annexed it into his empire. The scholar
34:. For the mythological kingdom in the Ramayana and Mahabharata, see
3537:
3532:
3502:
2898:
2893:
2872:
2838:
2830:
2823:
2788:
2734:
2623:
2619:
2587:
2338:
1249:
714:
491:
481:
330:
295:
141:
121:
31:
3517:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2940:
2754:
2654:
2607:
2596:
2572:
2552:
1547:
452:
128:
117:
103:
3425:
3507:
3477:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2868:
2746:
2714:
2703:
2699:
2638:
2611:
2468:
2460:. By the 6th century BCE, Gandhāra had expanded to include the
1347:
89:
2966:
3547:
3417:
3413:
3366:
3362:
3157:
History of ancient India: on the basis of
Buddhist literature
3088:
3084:
2803:
2799:
2726:
2718:
2641:
had become an important centre of knowledge where the men of
2486:
2990:
Macdonell, Arthur
Anthony; Keith, Arthur Berriedale (1912).
2947:
3472:
2568:
2567:, the Gandhārīs are mentioned alongside the Mūjavants, the
2551:
The first mention of the Gandhārīs is attested once in the
2529:
2523:
2472:
2008:
317:
2762:
2692:
2664:
2655:
2648:
2642:
2600:
2588:
2577:
2561:
2553:
311:
2860:, among the list of Achaemenid provinces in Darius's
3153:
3035:
Annals of the
Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
2850:. However, the presence of Gandhāra, referred to as
2680:
was among the famous students of Takṣaśila, and the
2729:being under Gāndhārī suzerainty. The Gāndhārī king
2681:
2671:
2628:
2533:
2476:
321:
2787:By the later 6th century BCE, the founder of the
2559:as a tribe that has sheep with good wool. In the
392:Location of Gandhāra during the post-Vedic period
378:Location of Gandhāra during the late Vedic period
3560:
3248:(2000). "To Pāṇini's Time from Pāṇini's Place".
27:Ancient kingdom in the north-western South Asia
3066:
3004:
2989:
341:. The inhabitants of Gandhāra were called the
3441:
2421:
3387:
3009:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 4.
2977:
2960:
3119:Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations
2626:sources instead claim that he had achieved
3448:
3434:
2428:
2414:
364:Location of the Gāndhārīs the Vedic tribes
70:
3109:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2769:("great realms") of Iron Age South Asia.
2444:river, and it corresponded to the modern
3147:
3154:Khoinaijam Rita Devi (1 January 2007).
3028:
2779:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
337:whose existence is attested during the
14:
3561:
3403:
3252:. Aditya Prakashan. pp. 121–172.
3244:
3191:
3189:
3122:, Infobase Publishing, pp. 209–,
3115:
3013:
2662:went north to study. According to the
3594:Ancient empires and kingdoms of India
3429:
3272:
3195:
2772:
3354:
3078:
3186:
24:
3347:
3136:from the original on 31 March 2022
2818:However, according to the scholar
25:
3605:
3455:
3404:Sikdar, Jogendra Chandra (1964).
3332:from the original on 24 June 2022
3174:from the original on 24 June 2022
3005:Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar (1978).
2992:Vedic Index of Names and Subjects
2931:
2994:. John Murray. pp. 218–219.
409:
385:
371:
357:
275:
3318:
3266:
3238:
2676:, the famous Vedic philosopher
3276:(1988). "The Indus Lands". In
3072:
2998:
2983:
2925:
2798:, soon after his conquests of
2467:The capitals of Gandhāra were
663:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
13:
1:
3406:Studies in the Bhagawatīsūtra
3294:The Cambridge Ancient History
3214:The Cambridge Ancient History
2919:
1593:
1332:
1305:
1204:
1183:
1106:
1045:
974:
957:
940:
923:
906:
885:
800:
783:
537:
227:
209:
170:
154:
60:
53:
3589:Kingdoms of the Vedic period
3355:Jain, Kailash Chand (1974).
3160:. Akansha Publishing House.
3079:Jain, Kailash Chand (1972).
2852:
2524:
2492:
748:Northern Black Polished Ware
263:
7:
3579:Ancient peoples of Pakistan
3358:Lord Mahāvīra and His Times
3246:Sethna, Kaikhosru Danjibuoy
2882:
2763:
2693:
2690:also studied there. In the
2682:
2672:
2665:
2656:
2649:
2643:
2629:
2601:
2589:
2578:
2562:
2554:
2534:
2477:
2344:Influence on Southeast Asia
348:
322:
312:
10:
3610:
3574:Archaeology of Afghanistan
3302:Cambridge University Press
3222:Cambridge University Press
3067:Macdonell & Keith 1912
3007:Reflections on the Tantras
2812:Kaikhosru Danjibuoy Sethna
2776:
2546:
2541:
2513:
2505:
2487:
726:Black and Red ware culture
29:
3463:
3250:Problems of Ancient India
737:Painted Grey Ware culture
609:Indus Valley Civilisation
291:
240:
236:
218:
203:
199:
189:
185:
167:
151:
147:
137:
127:
114:Historical Vedic religion
109:
99:
85:
69:
52:
45:
3389:Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra
3116:Higham, Charles (2014),
3029:Prakash, Buddha (1951).
1388:Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
1368:Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
969:Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire
220:• Conquered by the
80:in the Post Vedic period
3466:(c. 600 BCE–c. 300 BCE)
3069:, p. 218-219, 432.
2941:Pearson Education India
2737:of the rising power of
1488:Western Chalukya Empire
631:Mature Harappan culture
3397:University of Calcutta
3081:Malwa Through the Ages
2914:Gandhara grave culture
2394:Science and technology
778:Three Crowned Kingdoms
620:Early Harappan culture
435:(2,500,000–250,000 BC)
3464:Great Indian Kingdoms
3328:. www.palikanon.com.
2871:(governor), although
2745:tribe located in the
2297:Specialised histories
1568:Kalachuris of Kalyani
1558:Kalachuris of Tripuri
1240:Western Ganga Kingdom
1168:Indo-Sassanid Kingdom
1118:Western Satrap Empire
1101:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
1091:Indo-Scythian Kingdom
642:Late Harappan culture
403:History of South Asia
100:Common languages
3304:. pp. 194–210.
2862:Behistun Inscription
2686:claims that his son
2602:Uttarādhyayana-sūtra
1815:Ahmadnagar Sultanate
1617:Late medieval period
1528:Eastern Ganga Empire
1260:Vishnukundina Empire
3371:Motilal Banarsidass
3095:. pp. 98–104.
3093:Motilal Banarsidass
2446:Rawalpindi District
1897:Early modern period
1744:Vijayanagara Empire
1724:Chitradurga Kingdom
1418:Bhauma-Kara Kingdom
830:Shaishunaga dynasty
335:Indian subcontinent
269:(Achaemenid Empire)
205:• Established
76:Gandhāra among the
2980:, p. 146-147.
2773:Conquest by Persia
2694:Chāndogya Upaniṣad
2666:Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
2650:Kauśītaki Brāhmaṇa
2528:) or Puṣkarāvatī (
2458:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2374:Partition of India
2239:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2187:Regional histories
2132:National histories
2019:Travancore Kingdom
1989:Thondaiman Kingdom
1859:Golkonda Sultanate
1468:Somavamshi Kingdom
1438:Rashtrakuta Empire
1378:Rashidun Caliphate
1300:Kabul Shahi Empire
1148:Nagas of Padmavati
1071:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1011:(230 BC – AD 1206)
704:Vedic Civilisation
652:Vedic Civilisation
549:Ahar-Banas culture
3556:
3555:
3380:978-8-120-80805-8
3311:978-0-521-22804-6
3282:Hammond, N. G. L.
3259:978-8-177-42026-5
3231:978-0-521-22804-6
3224:. pp. 1–52.
3202:Hammond, N. G. L.
3167:978-81-8370-086-3
3129:978-1-4381-0996-1
3102:978-8-120-80824-9
2978:Raychaudhuri 1953
2961:Raychaudhuri 1953
2827:Achaemenid Empire
2792:Achaemenid Empire
2711:valley of Kaśmīra
2630:paccekabuddhayāna
2522:
2502:Prakrit languages
2462:valley of Kaśmīra
2454:Peshawar District
2438:
2437:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2037:
2036:
1939:Thanjavur Kingdom
1887:
1886:
1848:Bijapur Sultanate
1804:Deccan sultanates
1682:Tughlaq Sultanate
1629:Ghaznavid Dynasty
1607:
1606:
1478:Chaulukya Kingdom
1408:Mallabhum kingdom
1398:Umayyad Caliphate
1138:Bharshiva Dynasty
1034:(200 BC – AD 300)
1024:(230 BC – AD 220)
1020:Satavahana Empire
998:
997:
994:(247 BC – AD 224)
850:Macedonian Empire
824:(450 BC – AD 489)
812:Achaemenid Empire
682:
681:
587:
586:
510:
509:
460:
459:
444:Madrasian culture
326:) was an ancient
301:
300:
287:
286:
283:
282:
270:
222:Achaemenid Empire
16:(Redirected from
3601:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3400:
3384:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3026:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2964:
2963:, p. 59-62.
2958:
2945:
2944:
2929:
2909:Gandhara Kingdom
2855:
2766:
2696:
2685:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2632:
2604:
2592:
2581:
2565:
2557:
2537:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2507:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2480:
2450:Pakistani Punjab
2430:
2423:
2416:
2379:Pakistan studies
2219:Himachal Pradesh
2059:Portuguese India
2055:
2054:
2051:
2009:Sikh Confederacy
1905:
1904:
1901:
1754:Bengal Sultanate
1693:Sayyid Sultanate
1671:Khalji Sultanate
1660:Mamluk Sultanate
1625:
1624:
1621:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1538:Kakatiya Kingdom
1448:Paramara Kingdom
1341:
1337:
1334:
1310:
1307:
1250:Kamarupa Kingdom
1213:
1209:
1206:
1199:Kalabhras Empire
1192:
1188:
1185:
1111:
1108:
1095:(50 BC – AD 400)
1075:(180 BC – AD 10)
1054:
1050:
1047:
1016:
1015:
1012:
983:
979:
976:
962:
959:
945:
942:
928:
925:
911:
908:
894:
890:
887:
805:
802:
788:
785:
768:Haryanka dynasty
758:Pradyota dynasty
700:
699:
696:
605:
604:
601:
542:
539:
532:Anarta tradition
528:
527:
524:
492:Mehrgarh culture
482:Bhirrana culture
478:
477:
474:
473:(10,800–3300 BC)
440:
439:
436:
426:
425:
413:
399:
398:
389:
375:
361:
333:of northwestern
325:
315:
279:
278:
268:
266:
257:
256:
242:
241:
232:
229:
214:
211:
175:
172:
159:
156:
74:
65:
62:
58:
55:
43:
42:
36:Gandhara Kingdom
21:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3528:Maccha (Matsya)
3478:Asmaka (Assaka)
3465:
3459:
3454:
3424:
3381:
3350:
3348:Further reading
3345:
3335:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3296:. Vol. 4.
3274:Bivar, A. D. H.
3271:
3267:
3260:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3216:. Vol. 4.
3194:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3168:
3152:
3148:
3139:
3137:
3130:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3027:
3014:
3003:
2999:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2967:
2959:
2948:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2885:
2785:
2777:Main articles:
2775:
2683:Setaketu Jātaka
2673:Uddālaka Jātaka
2653:recording that
2618:, and Bhīma of
2614:, Karakaṇḍu of
2549:
2544:
2434:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2052:
2049:
2047:Colonial states
2039:
2038:
1929:Madurai Kingdom
1902:
1899:
1889:
1888:
1837:Bidar Sultanate
1826:Berar sultanate
1794:Ladakh Kingdom
1784:Gajapati Empire
1764:Garhwal Kingdom
1649:Delhi Sultanate
1622:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1578:Chutiya Kingdom
1548:Zamorin Kingdom
1339:
1335:
1327:Maukhari Empire
1317:Chalukya Empire
1308:
1270:Maitraka Empire
1211:
1207:
1190:
1186:
1178:Vakataka Empire
1158:Sasanian Empire
1109:
1052:
1048:
1030:Kuninda Kingdom
1013:
1010:
1008:Middle Kingdoms
1000:
999:
990:Parthian Empire
981:
977:
960:
943:
926:
909:
892:
888:
803:
786:
697:
694:
684:
683:
602:
599:
589:
588:
540:
525:
522:
512:
511:
502:Edakkal culture
475:
472:
462:
461:
453:Soanian culture
437:
434:
423:
397:
396:
395:
394:
393:
390:
381:
380:
379:
376:
367:
366:
365:
362:
351:
276:
271:
267:
230:
224:
213: 1200 BCE
212:
206:
176:
173:
160:
157:
120:
116:
92:
81:
63:
57: 1200 BCE
56:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Gandhari people
15:
12:
11:
5:
3607:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3423:
3422:
3401:
3385:
3379:
3373:. p. 66.
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3317:
3310:
3278:Boardman, John
3265:
3258:
3237:
3230:
3198:Boardman, John
3185:
3166:
3146:
3128:
3108:
3101:
3071:
3059:
3041:(1): 198–233.
3012:
2997:
2982:
2965:
2946:
2943:. p. 264.
2933:Singh, Upinder
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:Sindhu-Sauvīra
2884:
2881:
2820:Buddha Prakash
2774:
2771:
2678:Uddālaka Āruṇi
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2448:of modern-day
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1999:Maratha Empire
1995:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1979:Sikkim Kingdom
1975:
1974:
1971:
1969:Marava Kingdom
1965:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1869:Keladi Kingdom
1865:
1864:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1774:Mysore Kingdom
1770:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1704:Lodi Sultanate
1699:
1698:
1695:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:Ghurid Dynasty
1635:
1634:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:Hoysala Empire
1504:
1503:
1500:
1498:Lohara Kingdom
1494:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1358:Tibetan Empire
1354:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1230:Kadamba Empire
1226:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:
995:
992:
986:
985:
971:
965:
964:
954:
952:Pallava Empire
948:
947:
937:
931:
930:
920:
914:
913:
903:
897:
896:
882:
876:
875:
872:
870:Seleucid India
866:
865:
862:
856:
855:
852:
846:
845:
842:
836:
835:
832:
826:
825:
822:
818:
817:
814:
808:
807:
797:
795:Maha Janapadas
791:
790:
780:
774:
773:
770:
764:
763:
760:
754:
753:
750:
743:
742:
739:
732:
731:
730:(1300–1000 BC)
728:
721:
720:
717:
710:
709:
706:
698:
690:
689:
686:
685:
680:
679:
676:
669:
668:
667:(2000–1600 BC)
665:
658:
657:
654:
648:
647:
646:(1900–1300 BC)
644:
637:
636:
635:(2600–1900 BC)
633:
626:
625:
624:(3300–2600 BC)
622:
615:
614:
613:(3300–1300 BC)
611:
603:
600:(3300–1300 BC)
595:
594:
591:
590:
585:
584:
581:
575:
574:
573:(1600–1300 BC)
571:
565:
564:
561:
555:
554:
553:(3000–1500 BC)
551:
545:
544:
534:
526:
523:(3500–1500 BC)
518:
517:
514:
513:
508:
507:
506:(5000–3000 BC)
504:
498:
497:
496:(7000–3300 BC)
494:
488:
487:
486:(7570–6200 BC)
484:
476:
468:
467:
464:
463:
458:
457:
455:
449:
448:
446:
438:
430:
429:
424:
419:
418:
415:
414:
406:
405:
391:
384:
383:
382:
377:
370:
369:
368:
363:
356:
355:
354:
353:
352:
350:
347:
299:
298:
293:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
273:
261:
254:
251:
250:
245:
238:
237:
234:
233:
231: 535 BCE
225:
219:
216:
215:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
194:Iron Age India
191:
190:Historical era
187:
186:
183:
182:
177:
174: 550 BCE
168:
165:
164:
161:
158: 700 BCE
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
131:
125:
124:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
87:
83:
82:
75:
67:
66:
64: 535 BCE
50:
49:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3606:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3584:Iron Age Asia
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:Mahajanapadas
3567:
3566:
3564:
3549:
3548:Vatsa (Vamsa)
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3458:
3457:Mahajanapadas
3451:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3233:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3150:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3112:
3104:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2511:
2510:Ancient Greek
2503:
2499:
2494:
2484:
2483:Ancient Greek
2479:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Uttar Pradesh
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:Mughal Empire
1907:
1906:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1734:Reddy Kingdom
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:Yadava Empire
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1348:Harsha Empire
1346:
1345:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1128:Kushan Empire
1126:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:Shunga Empire
1059:
1058:
1043:
1041:
1040:Mitra Dynasty
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1004:
1003:
993:
991:
988:
987:
982: AD 500
978: 250 BC
972:
970:
967:
966:
961: 250 AD
955:
953:
950:
949:
944: 300 BC
938:
936:
933:
932:
927: 300 BC
921:
919:
918:Chera Kingdom
916:
915:
910: 300 BC
904:
902:
901:Pandya Empire
899:
898:
893: 300 AD
889: 300 BC
883:
881:
880:Sangam period
878:
877:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
861:
860:Maurya Empire
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
819:
815:
813:
810:
809:
798:
796:
793:
792:
787: 600 BC
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
769:
766:
765:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
749:
745:
744:
741:(1200–600 BC)
740:
738:
734:
733:
729:
727:
723:
722:
719:(1500–600 BC)
718:
716:
712:
711:
708:(1500–500 BC)
707:
705:
702:
701:
695:(1500–200 BC)
693:
688:
687:
678:(1600–500 BC)
677:
675:
671:
670:
666:
664:
660:
659:
656:(2000–500 BC)
655:
653:
650:
649:
645:
643:
639:
638:
634:
632:
628:
627:
623:
621:
617:
616:
612:
610:
607:
606:
598:
593:
592:
583:(1400–700 BC)
582:
580:
579:Jorwe culture
577:
576:
572:
570:
569:Malwa culture
567:
566:
563:(1600–750 BC)
562:
560:
559:Pandu culture
557:
556:
552:
550:
547:
546:
535:
533:
530:
529:
521:
516:
515:
505:
503:
500:
499:
495:
493:
490:
489:
485:
483:
480:
479:
471:
466:
465:
456:
454:
451:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
433:
428:
427:
422:
417:
416:
412:
408:
407:
404:
401:
400:
388:
374:
360:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
305:
297:
294:
292:Today part of
290:
274:
272:
265:
259:
258:
255:
253:
252:
249:
246:
244:
243:
239:
235:
226:
223:
217:
208:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
184:
181:
178:
166:
162:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
132:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
79:
78:Mahājanapadas
73:
68:
51:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3492:
3405:
3392:
3357:
3334:. Retrieved
3320:
3293:
3286:Lewis, D. M.
3268:
3249:
3240:
3213:
3206:Lewis, D. M.
3176:. Retrieved
3156:
3149:
3138:, retrieved
3118:
3111:
3080:
3074:
3062:
3050:. Retrieved
3038:
3034:
3006:
3000:
2991:
2985:
2936:
2927:
2904:Mahajanapada
2866:
2837:had lost in
2817:
2786:
2764:Mahājanapada
2759:
2708:
2636:
2585:
2550:
2535:Pokkharavatī
2466:
2439:
2319:Demographics
2309:Architecture
2089:French India
2079:Danish India
1959:Bengal Subah
1949:Bhoi dynasty
1879:Koch Kingdom
1714:Ahom Kingdom
1588:Deva Kingdom
1280:Huna Kingdom
1220:Gupta Empire
1122:(AD 35–405 )
1081:Kanva Empire
1053: 50 BC
935:Chola Empire
874:(312–303 BC)
864:(321–184 BC)
854:(330–323 BC)
844:(380–321 BC)
840:Nanda Empire
834:(424–345 BC)
816:(550–330 BC)
772:(684–424 BC)
762:(799–684 BC)
752:(700–200 BC)
674:Swat culture
520:Chalcolithic
432:Palaeolithic
342:
303:
302:
248:Succeeded by
247:
40:
3410:Muzaffarpur
3326:"Pukkusāti"
3290:Ostwald, M.
3210:Ostwald, M.
2858:Old Persian
2844:Cambyses II
2644:Madhya-deśa
2563:Atharvaveda
2525:Peukelaōtis
2514:Πευκελαωτις
2498:Puṣkalāvatī
2304:Agriculture
2274:South India
2249:Maharashtra
2199:Balochistan
2139:Afghanistan
2113:(1858–1947)
2109:British Raj
2103:(1757–1858)
2099:Company Raj
2093:(1759–1954)
2083:(1620–1869)
2073:(1605–1825)
2069:Dutch India
2063:(1510–1961)
2050:(1510–1961)
2033:(1799–1849)
2029:Sikh Empire
2023:(1729–1947)
2013:(1707–1799)
2003:(1674–1818)
1993:(1650–1948)
1983:(1642–1975)
1973:(1600–1750)
1963:(1576–1757)
1953:(1541–1804)
1943:(1532–1673)
1933:(1529–1736)
1923:(1540–1556)
1913:(1526–1858)
1900:(1526–1858)
1883:(1515–1947)
1873:(1499–1763)
1863:(1518–1687)
1852:(1492–1686)
1841:(1492–1619)
1830:(1490–1574)
1819:(1490–1636)
1808:(1490–1596)
1798:(1470–1842)
1788:(1434–1541)
1778:(1399–1947)
1768:(1358–1803)
1758:(1352–1576)
1748:(1336–1646)
1738:(1325–1448)
1728:(1300–1779)
1718:(1228–1826)
1708:(1451–1526)
1697:(1414–1451)
1686:(1320–1414)
1675:(1290–1320)
1664:(1206–1290)
1653:(1206–1526)
1643:(1170–1206)
1620:(1206–1526)
1601: 1300
1597: 1200
1582:(1187–1673)
1572:(1156–1184)
1552:(1102–1766)
1542:(1083–1323)
1532:(1078–1434)
1522:(1070–1230)
1518:Sena Empire
1512:(1040–1347)
1502:(1003–1320)
1428:Pala Empire
1290:Rai Kingdom
1132:(AD 60–240)
1065:(185–73 BC)
821:Ror Dynasty
541: 3950
94:Puṣkalāvatī
3563:Categories
2920:References
2610:, Nimi of
2579:Madhyadeśa
2571:. and the
2506:Pukkalāoti
2384:Philosophy
2364:Metallurgy
2354:Literature
2279:Tamil Nadu
2144:Bangladesh
1919:Sur Empire
1633:(977–1186)
1599: – c.
1562:(675–1210)
1492:(973–1189)
1482:(942–1244)
1472:(882–1110)
1462:(850–1334)
1452:(800–1327)
1432:(750–1174)
1412:(694–1947)
1392:(650–1036)
1372:(624–1075)
1340: 700
1338: – c.
1336: 550
1309: 500
1254:(350–1100)
1244:(350–1000)
1212: 600
1210: – c.
1208: 250
1191: 500
1189: – c.
1187: 250
1110: 130
1085:(75–26 BC)
1051: – c.
1049: 150
980: – c.
946:– AD 1279)
929:– AD 1102)
912:– AD 1345)
891: – c.
804: 600
789:– AD 1600)
597:Bronze Age
328:Indo-Aryan
138:Government
129:Demonym(s)
3298:Cambridge
3218:Cambridge
2808:Babylonia
2751:Bimbisāra
2731:Pukkusāti
2688:Śvetaketu
2639:Takṣaśila
2519:romanized
2478:Takkasilā
2469:Takṣaśila
2334:Education
2324:Dynasties
2244:Rajasthan
2229:Karnataka
2174:Sri Lanka
1442:(753–982)
1422:(736–916)
1402:(661–750)
1382:(632–661)
1362:(618–841)
1352:(606–647)
1321:(543–753)
1294:(489–632)
1284:(475–576)
1274:(475–767)
1264:(420–624)
1234:(345–525)
1224:(280–550)
1172:(230–360)
1162:(224–651)
1152:(210–340)
1142:(170–350)
1105:(AD 21 –
963:– AD 800)
715:Janapadas
543:–1900 BC)
470:Neolithic
343:Gāndhārīs
180:Pukkusāti
110:Religion
90:Takṣaśila
3538:Surasena
3533:Panchala
3493:Gandhara
3391:(1953).
3330:Archived
3292:(eds.).
3212:(eds.).
3172:Archived
3134:archived
3047:41784590
2899:Janapada
2894:Gandhara
2883:See also
2873:Buddhist
2848:Darius I
2839:Gedrosia
2833:claimed
2831:Nearchus
2735:Pradyota
2723:Uśīnaras
2719:Madrakas
2670:and the
2657:brāhmaṇa
2624:Buddhist
2620:Vidarbha
2590:Brāhmaṇa
2573:Māgadhīs
2399:Timeline
2389:Religion
2369:Military
2359:Maritime
2349:Language
2339:Indology
2169:Pakistan
2159:Maldives
1857: –
1846: –
1835: –
1824: –
1813: –
1702: –
1691: –
1680: –
1669: –
1658: –
806:–300 BC)
746: –
735: –
724: –
713: –
692:Iron Age
672: –
661: –
640: –
629: –
618: –
349:Location
339:Iron Age
323:Gandhāra
313:Gandhāra
308:Sanskrit
304:Gandhāra
296:Pakistan
163:Nagnajit
142:Monarchy
133:Gāndhārī
122:Buddhism
104:Prakrits
47:Gandhāra
32:Gandhara
3518:Magadha
3503:Kamboja
3336:26 July
3178:24 June
3140:24 June
3052:12 June
3031:"Poros"
2853:Gaⁿdāra
2824:Persian
2789:Persian
2783:Gandāra
2755:Magadha
2743:Pāṇḍava
2715:Kekayas
2700:Vaideha
2616:Kaliṅga
2608:Pāñcāla
2569:Āṅgeyas
2547:Kingdom
2542:History
2521::
2496:), and
2329:Economy
2314:Coinage
2234:Kashmir
2214:Gujarat
1311:– 1026)
421:Outline
331:kingdom
264:Gaⁿdāra
169:•
153:•
118:Jainism
86:Capital
3508:Kosala
3483:Avanti
3377:
3308:
3256:
3228:
3164:
3126:
3099:
3045:
2877:Buddha
2869:satrap
2806:, and
2747:Punjab
2739:Avanti
2727:Shivis
2725:, and
2704:Janaka
2612:Videha
2555:Ṛgveda
2493:Taxila
2488:Ταξιλα
2264:Odisha
2259:Punjab
2204:Bengal
2149:Bhutan
3543:Vajji
3523:Malla
3498:Kashi
3488:Chedi
3418:India
3414:Bihar
3367:India
3363:Delhi
3089:India
3085:Delhi
3043:JSTOR
2835:Cyrus
2804:Lydia
2800:Media
2796:Cyrus
2702:king
2442:Indus
2284:Tibet
2269:Sindh
2224:Kabul
2209:Bihar
2194:Assam
2164:Nepal
2154:India
3513:Kuru
3473:Anga
3375:ISBN
3338:2020
3306:ISBN
3254:ISBN
3226:ISBN
3180:2022
3162:ISBN
3142:2022
3124:ISBN
3097:ISBN
3054:2022
2846:and
2781:and
2597:Jain
2530:Pali
2473:Pāli
2452:and
318:Pali
2856:in
2753:of
2538:).
2456:of
3565::
3416:,
3412:,
3408:.
3395:.
3369::
3365:,
3361:.
3300::
3288:;
3284:;
3280:;
3220::
3208:;
3204:;
3200:;
3188:^
3170:.
3132:,
3091::
3087:,
3083:.
3039:32
3037:.
3033:.
3015:^
2968:^
2949:^
2939:.
2935:.
2802:,
2794:,
2757:.
2721:,
2717:,
2706:.
2634:.
2622:;
2532::
2516:,
2512::
2508:;
2504::
2485::
2481:;
2475::
2464:.
1594:c.
1333:c.
1306:c.
1205:c.
1184:c.
1107:c.
1046:c.
975:c.
958:c.
941:c.
924:c.
907:c.
886:c.
801:c.
784:c.
538:c.
345:.
320::
316:;
310::
228:c.
210:c.
171:c.
155:c.
61:c.
54:c.
3449:e
3442:t
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3399:.
3383:.
3340:.
3314:.
3262:.
3234:.
3182:.
3105:.
3056:.
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2471:(
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