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1055:. Certainly, in their time they assessed the politicalâmilitary situation of Germany with perseverance and sobriety, developed principles and positions for the strategy and tactics of a general nature, which were valid for the special situation in which Germany would be in a state of war. There are still many people today who wonder how Germany, which no doubt possessed a highly trained army, could be defeated in two wars. The question cannot be answered in military terms. The governments responsible for this have both put their armed forces in front of insoluble problems. Even the best army is doomed to fail when it is required to perform impossible tasks, that is, when it is ordered to campaign against the national existence of other peoples.
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866:, commander of the Red Army on the Don front, called a cease-fire and offered Paulus' men generous surrender terms: normal rations, medical treatment for the ill and wounded, permission to retain their badges, decorations, uniforms and personal effects. As part of his communication, Rokossovsky advised Paulus that he was in an impossible situation. Paulus requested permission from Hitler to surrender. Even though it was obvious the Sixth Army was in an untenable position, the German Army High Command rejected Paulus's request, stating, "Capitulation out of the question. Every day that the army holds out longer helps the whole front and draws away the Russian divisions from it."
1068:"power politics" that a strong and rich country seeks to pursue at the expense of other countries is doomed to failure. This policy can have no prospect of success unless it manages to stifle the national will of other peoples, to crush their independence. But it is a misconception and dangerous idea that the age of nations is over simply because a power, the United States, relies on this position so that it can bend over and dominate other nations at the lowest cost to it. Establishing good neighborly relations with the countries that surround us from east and west is crucial for our national existence. I have in mind, first of all,
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827:, was launched in December. Following von Manstein's orders, Paulus prepared to break out of Stalingrad. In the meantime, he kept his army in fixed defensive positions. Manstein told Paulus that the relief would need assistance from the Sixth Army, but the order to initiate the breakout never came. Paulus remained firm in obeying the orders he had been given. Manstein's forces were unable to reach Stalingrad on their own and their efforts were eventually halted due to Soviet offensives elsewhere on the front.
217:
1108:. Like many West German economists and politicians, he was in favor of taking advantage of the slightest opportunity to negotiate with the East. Thus, another prominent and experienced German politician stressed that a final implementation of the EDC agreement would be dangerous for the German nation. No sensible person can understand why Dr. Adenauer, under American influence, strongly opposes exploiting the opportunities for the resumption of economic and cultural relations with the peoples of the East.
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916:'One can't help feeling it's an invitation to suicide. However I'm not going to do them such a favour.' said Paulus after reading the dispatch. Schmidt continued: 'At the same time I have to inform you that the Russians are at the door.' with these words he opened the door and a Soviet general and his interpreter entered the room. The general announced that we were his prisoners. I placed my revolver on the table.
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1072:. The time has come for the old enmity that we have inherited and the many disputes to be buried once and for all. These two peoples must put aside all conflicts between them, all the more so because German-French relations are the link in the dangerous chain held by the Americans to turn one European people against the other and use them as a vehicle for their own policy.
870:
or food, and he was no longer able to command them. He also said that 18,000 men were wounded and were in immediate need of medical attention. Once again, Hitler rejected Paulus's request out of hand, and ordered him to hold
Stalingrad to the death. On 30 January, Paulus informed Hitler that his men were only hours from collapse. Hitler responded by showering a raft of
919:'Prepare yourself for departure. We shall be back for you at 9.00. You will go in your personal car.' said the Soviet general through his interpreter. Then they left the room. I had the official seal with me. I prepared for my last official duty. I recorded Paulus's new rank in his military document, stamped it with the seal then threw the seal into the glowing fire.
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706:, which replaced Lutz's command. Guderian described him as "brilliantly clever, conscientious, hard working, original and talented"; but Guderian had severe doubts about Paulus's decisiveness and toughness, and his lack of command experience. Paulus remained in that post until May 1939, when he was promoted to
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After a Soviet offensive overran the last emergency airstrip in
Stalingrad on 25 January, the Soviet command again offered Paulus a chance to surrender. Paulus radioed Hitler once again for permission. Telling Hitler that collapse was "inevitable," Paulus stressed that his men were without ammunition
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and reconciliation between peoples. We want good relations between the German people and other peoples who respect our national rights. This is the precondition for collective security in Europe and at the same time for a happy future for our own nation. With a reunited
Germany having good relations
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The main entrance to the cellar was closed and guarded by the Soviet soldiers. An officer, the head of the guards, allowed me and the driver to go out and get the car ready. Climbing out of the cellar, I stood dumbfounded. Soviet and German soldiers, who just a few hours earlier had been shooting at
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As a former military man and commander of a large sector, taking into account the current situation and based on my experiences, I have come to the conclusion that we must definitely take the path that, in any form, leads to the development and consolidation of relations between East and West. Only
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January 31, 1943 â 7.00 a.m. It was still dark but day was dawning almost imperceptibly. Paulus was asleep. It was some time before I could break out of the maze of thoughts and strange dreams that depressed me so greatly. But I don't think I remained in this state for very long. I was going to get
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What would become of the war if our army in the
Caucasus were also surrounded? That danger is real. But as long as we keep on fighting, the Red Army has to remain here. They need these forces for a big offensive against Army Group 'A' in the Caucasus and along the still-unstable front from Voronesh
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prohibited attempts to break out or capitulate, and the German defense was gradually worn down. Paulus surrendered in
Stalingrad on 31 January 1943, the same day on which he was informed of his promotion to field marshal by Hitler. Hitler expected Paulus to take his own life, repeating to his staff
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On 2 February 1943, the remainder of the Sixth Army capitulated. Upon finding out about Paulus's "surrender", Hitler flew into a rage and vowed never to appoint another field marshal again. (In fact, he went on to appoint another seven field marshals during the last two years of the war.) Speaking
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I have in mind in particular
General Guderian, who died prematurely, and with whom I was particularly close, as chief of staff for the organization of the armored troops, and we were carrying out a task together. Maybe since the last time we metâmore than 10 years agoâour views on specific issues
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My God, what a contrast between the two sides! The German soldiers, ragged and in light coats, looked like ghosts with hollow, unshaven cheeks. The Red Army fighters looked fresh and wore warm winter uniforms. Involuntarily I remembered the chain of unfortunate events which had prevented me from
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American policy today calls itself "power politics". For us
Germans, this is particularly indicative. We have been punished for pursuing the policy of violent and lightning strikes that is now being cultivated, and we know what it has cost us. We Germans have seen that in the 20th century, such
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up quietly when someone knocked at the door. Paulus awoke and sat up. It was the HQ commander. He handed the colonel general a piece of paper and said: 'Congratulations. The rank of field marshal has been conferred upon you. The dispatch came early this morningâit was the last one.'
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During the
Nuremberg Trials, Paulus was asked about the Stalingrad prisoners by a journalist. He told the journalist to tell the wives and mothers that their husbands and sons were well. However, of the 91,000 German prisoners taken at Stalingrad, half had died on the march to
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sleeping for so many nights. The appearance of the Red Army soldiers seemed symbolic. At 9.00 sharp the HQ commander of the 6th Army arrived to take the commander of the vanquished German 6th Army and its staff towards the rear. The march towards the Volga had ended.
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For the next two months, Paulus and his men fought on. However, the lack of food and ammunition, the equipment losses, and the deteriorating physical condition of the German troops gradually wore down the German defense. With the new year, Hitler promoted Paulus to
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In peacetime
Germany, about 18,000 or 20,000 people a year chose to commit suicide, even without being in such a position. Here is a man who sees 50,000 or 60,000 of his soldiers die defending themselves bravely to the end. How can he surrender himself to the
663:. He served in various staff positions for over a decade (1921â33). In the 1920s, as part of the military cooperation between the Weimar Republic and the Soviet Union to evade the restrictions of Versailles, Paulus presented guest lectures in
1115:
When I say that we
Germans must focus above all on the unity and independence of Germany, on the affirmation of the vital national rights of our nation, I realize that in this way we are best serving the cause of peace, of international
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by radio on Paulus' officers to build up their spirits and bolster their will to hold their ground. Most significantly, he promoted Paulus to field marshal. In deciding to promote him, Hitler noted that there was no known record of a
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and appointed commander of the Sixth Army. However, Paulus took over his new command only on 20 January, six days after the sudden death of Reichenau, leaving him on his own and without the support of his more experienced sponsor.
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Shortly before surrendering, Paulus sent his wedding ring back to his wife on the last plane departing his position. He had not seen her since 1942 and would not see her again, as she died in 1949 while he was still in captivity.
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and became progressively weaker. He died a few months later, in Dresden, on 1 February 1957, aged 66. As part of his last will and testament, his body was transported to Baden-Baden, West Germany, to be buried at the
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Die RitterkreuztrĂ€ger 1939â1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbĂŒndeter StreitkrĂ€fte nach den Unterlagen des
2048:
The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939â1945 the Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal
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or German field marshal ever having surrendered. The implication was clear: Paulus was to commit suicide. Hitler implied that if Paulus allowed himself to be taken alive, he would shame Germany's military history.
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1043:'s European Defence Community policy. He was, in any case, a defender of a united and sovereign Germany. Everyone knows that our nation used to have great military experts, known all over the world, such as
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in 1953, Paulus gave a talk in Berlin on 2 July 1954 in the presence of Western journalists, titled "On the vital issues of our nation". In it, he paid respect to the memory of General
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Later, Paulus briefly commanded a motorized battalion (1934â35). In October 1935, he was made chief of staff at Panzer Troop Command. This was a new formation under the direction of
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to the Black Sea. We must hold them here to the last so that the eastern front can be stabilized. Only if that happens is there a chance of the war going well for Germany.
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After leaving university without a degree, Paulus joined the 111th Infantry Regiment as an officer cadet in February 1910. On 4 July 1912, he married a
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815:'s orders to hold his positions in Stalingrad under all circumstances, despite the fact that he was completely surrounded by strong Soviet forces.
1137:, East Germany, where he worked as the civilian chief of the East German Military History Research Institute. In late 1956, he was diagnosed with
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one another, now stood quietly together in the yard. They were all armed, some with weapons in their hands, some with them over their shoulders.
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when Soviet forces encircled the Germans within the city, leading to the ultimate death or capture of most of the 265,000-strong 6th Army, their
796:, Paulus found himself surrounded by an entire Soviet army group. Paulus did not request to evacuate the city when the counter-offensive began.
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differed, but I know in general, through his writings, with what sense of responsibility, how restlessly he refused to align himself with the
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with the two great powers, not only can peace not be disrupted in Europe, but the basis for the development of general prosperity is laid.
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Many English-language sources and publications from the 1940s to the present day give Paulus's family name the prefix "von". For example:
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Chancellor BrĂŒning took a clear stand against Chancellor Adenauer's rigid orientation to the West, and practically against the
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which appealed to Germans to surrender. In response, Germany put his wife as well as his daughter Olga von Kutzschenbach into
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577:, published in 1944 and Peter Margaritis (2019). This is incorrect, as Paulus's family was never part of the nobility and
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While in Soviet captivity during the war, Paulus became a vocal critic of the Nazi regime and joined the Soviet-sponsored
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Paulus and his staff surrendered on the morning of 31 January 1943. The events of that day were recorded by Colonel
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that summer. His troops fought Soviet forces defending Stalingrad for over three months in increasingly brutal
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965:." Paulus also forbade his soldiers from standing on top of their trenches in order to be shot by the enemy.
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In 1942, Paulus was given command of the 6th Army despite his lack of field experience. He led the drive to
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Paulus claimed that "I didn't surrender. I was taken by surprise" in conversation with Marshal Voronov.
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1874:"Award Document to General der Panzertruppe Paulus, Item Number: EU4642". eMedals, Web. 12 Dec 2013.
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475:. He was considered a promising officer; by the time World War II broke out, he had been promoted to
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had limited to 100,000 men. He was assigned to the 13th Infantry Regiment as a company commander at
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Paulus attending a meeting at the headquarters of Army Group South with Adolf Hitler on 1 June 1942
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Königlich PreuĂischer Staatsdienst-Kalender fĂŒr den Regierungsbezirk Cassel auf das Jahr 1890/91.
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foreign policy as aggressive and called for a reconciliation between the Germans and the French:
1026:, who had died a little over a month previously, and criticized the political leaderships of the
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prison camps, and nearly as many died in captivity; only about 6,000 survived and returned home.
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Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrenders to the Soviets at the 64th Army HQ, 31 January 1943
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Countdown to D-Day: The German Perspective: The German High Command in Occupied France, 1944
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738:(Oberquartiermeister I). In that role he helped draft the plans for the invasion of the
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They put the number of POWs captured at Stalingrad at 100,000 of whom 6,000 survived.
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ending Germany's involvement in World War I, Paulus was a brigade adjutant with the
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1623:'Meeting The Victors', Sputnik Magazine, 1968, USSR; (English-language article).
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1761:"Î ÏÏηΜ ÏÏÏαÏÎŹÏÏÎ·Ï ÎŠ. Î ÎŹÎżÏ
λοÏ
Ï: ΠαληΞÎčÎœÏÏ ÎłÎ”ÏΌαΜÎčÎșÏÏ ÏαÏÏÎčÏÏÎčÏÎŒÏÏ (02/07/1954)"
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To the Gates of Stalingrad: Soviet-German Combat Operations, AprilâAugust 1942
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in the autumn of 1914. After a leave of absence due to illness, he joined the
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At first, Paulus refused to collaborate with the Soviets. However, after the
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was created from a revision of this article dated 13 December 2017
989:, he became a vocal critic of the Nazi regime, joining the Soviet-sponsored
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that there was no precedent of a German field marshal being captured alive.
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but was cut off and surrounded in the subsequent Soviet counter-offensive.
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1763:[Former Marshal F. Paulus: True German patriotism (02/07/1954)],
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in 1953, two years before the repatriation of the remaining German POWs.
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In November 1941, after the German Sixth Army's commander, Field Marshal
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in August 1940. The following month he was named deputy chief of the
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448:(July 1942 to February 1943). The battle ended in disaster for the
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Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
1451:. PA, US & Oxford, UK: Casemate. pp. 199, 201, 228, 333.
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Paulus speaking at a press conference in East Berlin, 2 July 1954.
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German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union
961:, Paulus said, "I have no intention of shooting myself for this
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for causing the defeats of the German Army in both world wars:
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About resisting capitulation, according to Adam, Paulus stated
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649:. He was chosen as one of only 4,000 officers to serve in the
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Witnesses to the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg
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2051:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.
1092:'s overtly pro-American policy, and expressed his hope for a
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2092:; Bartoƥek, Karel; Panné, Jean-Louis; Margolin, Jean-Louis;
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1088:, agreed with BrĂŒning's criticism of West German Chancellor
565:, Stein and Day, 1973, pp. 139â142; other examples are
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Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, 1st Class
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1833:(in German). Mittler & Sohn Verlag. 1930. p. 132.
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1436:. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin. pp. 99, 101, 108, 112.
999:. He later acted as a witness for the prosecution at the
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and engaged in the spring offensives of 1940 through the
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Recipients of the Order of Michael the Brave, 1st class
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The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression
1974:(in German). WĂŒrzburg: Julius-Maximilians-UniversitĂ€t.
1900:. Translated by Le Tissier, Tony. Pen and Sword Books.
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1767:(in Greek), no. 8, pp. 471â474, 2 July 1954,
1658:"Battle of Stalingrad â a summary â History in an Hour"
2074:] (in German). OsnabrĂŒck, Germany: Biblio-Verlag.
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about the surrender of Paulus, Hitler told his staff:
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began, Paulus's regiment was part of the thrust into
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Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class
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1508:. Vol. 2. New York: Penguin Press. p. 22.
426:(23 September 1890 â 1 February 1957) was a German
766:, Paulus's patron, became commander of the entire
440:who is best known for his surrender of the German
1250:, 3rd class with War Decoration (Austria-Hungary)
987:attempted assassination of Hitler on 20 July 1944
581:refers to his "comparatively humble birth" (like
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1409:Corrections- und Landarmen-Anstalt zu Breitenau.
1301:, 1st class with Oak Leaves and Swords (Finland)
1274:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
1080:'s appeal for a betterment of relations between
758:Paulus arriving in southern Russia, January 1942
366:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
1076:Finally, he supported former German Chancellor
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714:, with which he saw service in the invasion of
487:, after which he was named deputy chief of the
2072:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939â1945 Volume 2: LâZ
1129:Paulus's villa in Dresden-Oberloschwitz (2017)
907:(middle), after their surrender in Stalingrad.
4131:National Committee for a Free Germany members
4101:German commanders at the Battle of Stalingrad
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1948:Enemy at the Gates. The Battle for Stalingrad
1542:
1431:
1406:Reformirtes Waisenhaus, Cassel 1891, p. 249 (
1112:we Germans can decide the future of Germany.
1143:
273:
4086:Deaths from motor neuron disease in Germany
3959:
1993:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1518:
1254:The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
491:. In that capacity, Paulus helped plan the
3686:
3672:
2207:
2193:
2133:Newspaper clippings about Friedrich Paulus
2068:Die EichenlaubtrĂ€ger 1939â1945 Band 2: LâZ
1994:Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan (2009).
1446:
1238:, 1st and 2nd class (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
31:
3478:
1895:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1530:
1151:
3725:
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1964:
1921:Stalingrad, The Fateful Siege: 1942â1943
1861:
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1200:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
1183:
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976:
944:
894:
798:
753:
685:
4096:German Army World War II field marshals
3605:Battle of Stalingrad in popular culture
1545:"Stalingrad: the crushing of the Reich"
1287:178th Oak Leaves on 15 January 1943 as
792:launched a massive counter-offensive,
694:In February 1938, Paulus was appointed
678:("armored forces") of the German army.
619:as a staff officer, serving in France,
402: 1912; died 1949)
351:
4063:
2065:
1914:
1846:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1706:"Kutzschenbach, Olga von, geb. Paulus"
1644:
1543:Caddick-Adams, Peter (February 2013).
1471:
1432:Allen, W.E.D.; Muratoff, Paul (1944).
1379:
1293:and Commander-in-chief of the 6. Armee
1284:and Commander-in-chief of the 6. Armee
3667:
3570:
3477:
3147:
2366:
2264:
2242:Bombing of Stalingrad in World War II
2188:
2016:
1981:from the original on 18 December 2019
1942:
1771:from the original on 17 December 2023
1730:
1632:
991:National Committee for a Free Germany
585:'s family; their "sole similarity").
512:National Committee for a Free Germany
4126:Military personnel from Hesse-Nassau
4091:German Army personnel of World War I
4017:
1831:Rangliste des Deutschen Reichsheeres
1278:Knight's Cross on 26 August 1942 as
788:. In November 1942, when the Soviet
2170:30 December 1941 â 3 February 1943
1896:Adam, Wilhelm; Ruhle, Otto (2015).
1812:
1578:, pp. 137, 142, 150, 153, 156.
1228:Knight's Cross Second Class of the
1133:From 1953 to 1956, Paulus lived in
833:, the newly appointed chief of the
13:
1557:from the original on 26 April 2020
1503:
1434:The Russian Campaigns of 1941â1943
1311:Military Order of the Iron Trefoil
1170:
1148:(main cemetery) next to his wife.
710:and became chief of staff for the
634:
627:. By the end of the war, he was a
575:The Russian Campaigns of 1941â1943
14:
4182:
2126:
1965:Fraschka, Mark Alexander (2008).
1664:. 2 February 2012. Archived from
1497:
1225:, 4th class with Swords (Bavaria)
973:After Stalingrad and post-war era
899:Paulus (left) and his aides Col.
4081:20th-century Freikorps personnel
4043:
4026:
3998:
3806:Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli
3762:
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2746:
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2314:
2279:
1968:Friedrich Paulus nach Stalingrad
1800:from the original on 8 July 2015
1392:Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
1313:, First Class with Oak Leaves, (
1182:
1003:. He was allowed to move to the
413:
242:
228:
215:
200:
185:
162:
148:
133:
118:
103:
16:German field marshal (1890â1957)
4106:German male non-fiction writers
3571:
3248:Constantin Constantinescu-Claps
1888:
1867:
1782:
1698:
1680:
1650:
1617:
1536:
1337:
883:
681:
399:
389:Constance Elena Rosetti-Solescu
4136:People from Schwalm-Eder-Kreis
2367:
2265:
1790:"Paulus, Friedrich "der Lord""
1465:
1440:
1425:
1397:
1385:
1328:
655:, the defensive army that the
588:
424:Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Paulus
46:Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Paulus
1:
3218:Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach
1350:
1299:Order of the Cross of Liberty
1268:2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1265:1st Class (21 September 1939)
1139:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
805:Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach
525:
4166:University of Marburg alumni
1743:Werth et al. Paczkowski 1999
1355:
1315:Independent State of Croatia
807:in Stalingrad, November 1942
803:Paulus (right) with General
750:Eastern Front and Stalingrad
563:documentary of the same name
493:invasion of the Soviet Union
7:
3178:Alexander Edler von Daniels
2137:20th Century Press Archives
2026:. United Kingdom: Penguin.
1950:. Victoria: Penguin Books.
1394:, Shirer, digital page 1569
1230:Order of the ZĂ€hringer Lion
862:On 7 January 1943, General
718:. The unit was renamed the
605:, and he saw action in the
546:and briefly studied law at
514:. In 1953, Paulus moved to
10:
4187:
4111:German military historians
2000:University Press of Kansas
1710:gedenkbuch.baden-baden.de/
1447:Margaritis, Peter (2019).
1305:Order of Michael the Brave
1219:of 1914, 1st and 2nd class
1020:German Democratic Republic
1005:German Democratic Republic
561:, companion volume to the
479:. Paulus took part in the
3944:
3902:
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3771:
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3581:
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3529:Red October Steel Factory
3484:
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2222:
2172:
2162:
2153:
2148:
1898:With Paulus at Stalingrad
1879:December 6, 2013, at the
1481:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
857:
730:. Paulus was promoted to
489:German Army General Staff
409:
383:
371:
361:
293:
283:
274:
269:
259:
179:
97:
77:
50:
42:
30:
23:
3643:Second Battle of Kharkov
2237:Red Army order of battle
2108:Harvard University Press
1415:16 December 2023 at the
1321:
1281:General der Panzertruppe
1018:After his return to the
780:Paulus led the drive on
773:General der Panzertruppe
3912:Robert Ritter von Greim
3844:Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb
3814:Walther von Brauchitsch
3648:Third Battle of Kharkov
2041:Scherzer, Veit (2007).
1519:Glantz & House 2009
1260:Clasp to the Iron Cross
4121:German Roman Catholics
3927:Wolfram von Richthofen
3623:Battle of the Caucasus
3412:Konstantin Rokossovsky
3208:Wolfram von Richthofen
2066:Thomas, Franz (1998).
1242:Cross for Merit in War
1178:
1158:Listen to this article
1152:Awards and decorations
1144:
1130:
1123:
1074:
1057:
982:
950:
943:
929:
908:
864:Konstantin Rokossovsky
855:
817:Operation Winter Storm
808:
759:
696:Chef des Generalstabes
691:
250:National People's Army
3889:Maximilian von Weichs
3479:Significant locations
3417:Alexander Shcherbakov
2158:Walther von Reichenau
2156:Generalfeldmarschall
1612:Adam & Ruhle 2015
1600:Adam & Ruhle 2015
1588:Adam & Ruhle 2015
1576:Adam & Ruhle 2015
1531:Adam & Ruhle 2015
1307:, 1st class (Romania)
1177:
1128:
1098:
1065:
1036:
980:
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910:
903:(right) and Lt.-Gen.
898:
850:
819:, a relief effort by
802:
757:
689:
260:Years of service
4161:Reichswehr personnel
3869:Walter von Reichenau
3777:Generalfeldmarschall
3711:Marshal of the Reich
3638:Operation Barbarossa
3587:The Motherland Calls
3544:Tatsinskaya Airfield
3427:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
3149:Notable participants
2505:Romanian 3rd and 4th
2232:Axis order of battle
2216:Battle of Stalingrad
1668:on 13 September 2018
1550:BBC History Magazine
1477:The Second World War
1248:Military Merit Cross
1236:Military Merit Cross
1223:Military Merit Order
1209:More spoken articles
1094:German reunification
823:under Field Marshal
764:Walter von Reichenau
744:Operation Barbarossa
736:German General Staff
657:Treaty of Versailles
544:Imperial German Navy
446:Battle of Stalingrad
429:Generalfeldmarschall
347:Battle of Stalingrad
332:Operation Barbarossa
276:Generalfeldmarschall
193:Imperial German Army
3894:Erwin von Witzleben
3796:Werner von Blomberg
3600:Sword of Stalingrad
3407:Alexander Rodimtsev
2094:Paczkowski, Andrzej
1765:DĂ©mocratie nouvelle
1662:historyinanhour.com
1614:, pp. 166â169.
1059:He also criticized
555:Mark Arnold-Forster
530:Paulus was born in
481:invasions of Poland
37:Paulus in June 1942
3884:Ferdinand Schörner
3879:Gerd von Rundstedt
3854:Erich von Manstein
3594:Stalingrad Madonna
3387:Dmitry Lelyushenko
3198:Erich von Manstein
3193:Hans-Valentin Hube
2709:3rd Guards Cavalry
2177:Karl-Adolf Hollidt
2098:Courtois, Stéphane
1179:
1131:
1041:Federal Chancellor
983:
951:
909:
835:Army General Staff
825:Erich von Manstein
809:
760:
732:lieutenant general
692:
548:Marburg University
467:and saw action in
378:Marburg University
342:Battle of Voronezh
322:Invasion of Poland
68:Kingdom of Prussia
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3940:
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3917:Albert Kesselring
3839:Georg von KĂŒchler
3834:GĂŒnther von Kluge
3743:
3742:
3661:
3660:
3613:
3612:
3562:
3561:
3524:Pitomnik Airfield
3494:Barrikady Factory
3489:Barmaley Fountain
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3422:Semyon Timoshenko
3397:Kirill Moskalenko
3392:Rodion Malinovsky
3377:Nikita Khrushchev
3352:Nikolay Dyatlenko
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2247:German commanders
2183:
2182:
2173:Succeeded by
2149:Military offices
2081:978-3-7648-2300-9
2058:978-3-938845-17-2
2009:978-0-7006-1630-5
1935:978-0-670-87095-0
1688:Commanders at War
1504:Kotkin, Stephen.
1490:978-0-297-84497-6
1458:978-1-61200-769-4
1175:
963:Bohemian corporal
712:German Tenth Army
463:Paulus fought in
421:
420:
61:23 September 1890
4178:
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4013:Friedrich Paulus
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3864:Friedrich Paulus
3829:Ewald von Kleist
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3442:Andrei Yeremenko
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3253:Petre Dumitrescu
3238:
3237:
3203:Friedrich Paulus
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2154:Preceded by
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2085:
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2013:
1998:. Lawrence, KS:
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1712:(in German). n.d
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1696:
1693:Military Channel
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1244:(Saxe-Meiningen)
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1166:
1164:
1159:
1147:
1106:Bonn conventions
1078:Heinrich BrĂŒning
1049:Moltke the Elder
1001:Nuremberg Trials
872:field promotions
811:Paulus followed
794:Operation Uranus
768:Army Group South
559:The World At War
417:
403:
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327:Battle of France
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25:Friedrich Paulus
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4025:
4022:
4018:sister projects
4015:at Knowledge's
4009:
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3997:
3989:
3987:
3978:
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3898:
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3773:
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3716:Reichsmarschall
3712:
3706:
3692:
3662:
3657:
3628:Battle of Kursk
3609:
3577:
3558:
3480:
3461:
3432:Nikolay Voronov
3372:Vasily Grossman
3318:
3313:
3304:
3292:
3290:Italo Gariboldi
3280:
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2607:XXXXVIII Panzer
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2110:. p. 858.
2082:
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2010:
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1978:
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1936:
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1886:
1881:Wayback Machine
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1483:. p. 214.
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1190:This audio file
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1090:Konrad Adenauer
975:
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843:colonel general
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635:Interwar period
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534:and grew up in
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4055:from Wikiquote
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3945:Grand Admirals
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3801:Fedor von Bock
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3735:Hermann Göring
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3514:Mamayev Kurgan
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3213:Arthur Schmidt
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:Hermann Göring
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
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3116:
3110:
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3075:
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3015:
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2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:60th Motorised
2815:
2813:29th Motorised
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2752:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:4th Mechanised
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
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2258:
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2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2128:
2127:External links
2125:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2090:Werth, Nicolas
2086:
2080:
2063:
2057:
2044:Bundesarchives
2038:
2032:
2018:Overy, Richard
2014:
2008:
1991:
1962:
1956:
1944:Craig, William
1940:
1934:
1916:Beevor, Antony
1912:
1906:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1866:
1864:, p. 585.
1851:
1849:, p. 143.
1836:
1811:
1794:WW2 Gravestone
1781:
1747:
1745:, p. 322.
1735:
1733:, p. 280.
1723:
1697:
1695:, May 28, 2010
1679:
1649:
1647:, p. 381.
1637:
1635:, p. 185.
1625:
1616:
1604:
1602:, p. 174.
1592:
1590:, p. 164.
1580:
1568:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1496:
1489:
1473:Beevor, Antony
1464:
1457:
1439:
1424:
1396:
1384:
1382:, p. 390.
1372:
1359:
1357:
1354:
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1346:
1345:
1336:
1326:
1325:
1323:
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1202:
1188:
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1169:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1024:Heinz Guderian
974:
971:
955:Roman Catholic
905:Arthur Schmidt
885:
882:
859:
856:
821:Army Group Don
751:
748:
704:XVI Army Corps
700:Heinz Guderian
683:
680:
636:
633:
590:
587:
527:
524:
419:
418:
411:
407:
406:
395:
391:
388:
387:
385:
381:
380:
375:
369:
368:
363:
359:
358:
357:
356:
344:
339:
337:Operation Blue
334:
329:
324:
312:
311:
305:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
280:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
256:
181:
177:
176:
99:
95:
94:
85:(aged 66)
79:
75:
74:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4183:
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3554:Tractor Plant
3552:
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3500:
3497:
3495:
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3486:
3483:
3476:
3472:
3458:
3457:Georgy Zhukov
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Erich Weinert
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:Vasily Gordov
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3332:Joseph Stalin
3330:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3258:Mihail LascÄr
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3223:Karl Strecker
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
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2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:3rd Motorised
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
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2701:
2699:
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2649:
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2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Hungarian 2nd
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2338:Little Saturn
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2164:Commander of
2159:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2119:
2117:0-674-07608-7
2113:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2033:0-14-027169-4
2029:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1957:0-14-139017-4
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1926:Penguin Books
1923:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1907:9781473833869
1903:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1862:Scherzer 2007
1858:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1521:, p. 22.
1520:
1515:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1368:Fraschka 2008
1364:
1360:
1340:
1331:
1327:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1290:Generaloberst
1286:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:, with Swords
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1191:
1149:
1146:
1145:Hauptfriedhof
1140:
1136:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1061:United States
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:German Empire
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
988:
979:
970:
966:
964:
960:
956:
947:
942:
940:
933:
928:
924:
920:
917:
914:
906:
902:
897:
893:
891:
881:
878:
873:
867:
865:
854:
849:
846:
844:
838:
836:
832:
831:Kurt Zeitzler
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
806:
801:
797:
795:
791:
787:
786:urban warfare
783:
778:
775:
774:
769:
765:
756:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:major general
705:
701:
697:
688:
679:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
647:
642:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
586:
584:
580:
579:Antony Beevor
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
523:
521:
517:
513:
508:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
485:Low Countries
482:
478:
477:major general
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
458:collaborators
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:Field Marshal
431:
430:
425:
416:
412:
408:
386:
382:
379:
376:
374:
370:
367:
364:
360:
354:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
317:
310:
306:
304:
301:
300:
299:
296:
292:
289:
286:
282:
277:
272:
268:
262:
258:
251:
236:
222:
218:
210:
209:
194:
182:
178:
171:
156:
142:
127:
112:
111:German Empire
100:
96:
93:
89:
80:
76:
73:
72:German Empire
69:
65:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4050:
4038:from Commons
4033:
4012:
3974:Erich Raeder
3961:Kriegsmarine
3948:
3932:Hugo Sperrle
3922:Erhard Milch
3874:Erwin Rommel
3863:
3859:Walter Model
3849:Wilhelm List
3775:
3714:
3704:Nazi Germany
3592:
3585:
3573:
3402:Yakov Pavlov
3337:Hazi Aslanov
3325:Soviet Union
3302:GusztĂĄv JĂĄny
3202:
3188:Hermann Hoth
3173:Adolf Hitler
3166:Nazi Germany
3119:81st Cavalry
3114:60th Cavalry
2935:Guards Rifle
2444:Southwestern
2344:
2337:
2330:
2322:Soviet Union
2303:Winter Storm
2302:
2296:Donnerschlag
2295:
2287:Nazi Germany
2252:German units
2163:
2102:
2071:
2067:
2047:
2042:
2023:Russia's War
2022:
1995:
1983:. Retrieved
1967:
1947:
1924:. New York:
1920:
1897:
1889:Bibliography
1869:
1830:
1802:. Retrieved
1793:
1784:
1773:, retrieved
1764:
1738:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1709:
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1686:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:the original
1661:
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890:Wilhelm Adam
887:
884:Capitulation
868:
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839:
829:
813:Adolf Hitler
810:
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740:Soviet Union
695:
693:
682:World War II
675:
669:
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558:
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529:
516:East Germany
509:
504:Adolf Hitler
497:
462:
438:World War II
427:
423:
422:
316:World War II
314:
294:Battles/wars
207:
170:East Germany
141:Nazi Germany
92:East Germany
83:(1957-02-01)
18:
4076:1957 deaths
4071:1890 births
3969:Karl Dönitz
3950:GroĂadmiral
3819:Ernst Busch
3574:In memoriam
3539:River Volga
2719:8th Cavalry
2714:4th Cavalry
2602:XXXX Panzer
2500:Italian 8th
2381:Army groups
1985:18 December
1847:Thomas 1998
1645:Beevor 1998
1380:Beevor 1998
1232:with swords
959:Max Pfeffer
939:Bolshevists
724:Netherlands
698:to General
676:Panzerwaffe
672:Oswald Lutz
609:and around
599:World War I
589:World War I
465:World War I
454:Axis allies
444:during the
298:World War I
253:(1953â1956)
238:(1944â1945)
224:(1933â1943)
221:German Army
212:(1918â1933)
196:(1910â1918)
173:(1953â1956)
158:(1944â1945)
144:(1933â1943)
129:(1918â1933)
114:(1910â1918)
4065:Categories
4052:Quotations
3809:(honorary)
2597:XIV Panzer
2537:3rd Guards
2532:2nd Guards
2527:1st Guards
2490:German 6th
2449:Stalingrad
2369:Formations
2267:Operations
1731:Craig 1973
1633:Overy 1997
1479:. London:
1351:References
1217:Iron Cross
1205:Audio help
1196:2017-12-13
1053:Schlieffen
1045:Clausewitz
996:Sippenhaft
953:Paulus, a
782:Stalingrad
720:Sixth Army
652:Reichswehr
639:After the
616:Alpenkorps
526:Early life
500:Stalingrad
373:Alma mater
288:Sixth Army
208:Reichsheer
98:Allegiance
57:1890-09-23
43:Birth name
4005:Biography
3904:Luftwaffe
3727:Wehrmacht
3653:Volgograd
3633:Case Blue
3621:See also
3534:River Don
2737:Divisions
2227:Airfields
1356:Citations
661:Stuttgart
646:Freikorps
641:armistice
450:Wehrmacht
436:) during
410:Signature
384:Spouse(s)
2909:9th Flak
2801:Infantry
2454:Voronezh
2175:General
2166:6. Armee
2100:(1999).
2049:Archives
2020:(1997).
1976:Archived
1946:(1973).
1918:(1998).
1877:Archived
1804:13 March
1798:Archived
1775:24 March
1769:archived
1555:Archived
1475:(2012).
1413:Archived
1207: ·
1104:and the
1084:and the
1013:Siberian
877:Prussian
790:Red Army
595:Romanian
571:Muratoff
532:Guxhagen
483:and the
471:and the
442:6th Army
284:Commands
64:Guxhagen
3694:German
3307:Hungary
3283:Croatia
3271:members
3240:Romania
2632:8th Air
2139:of the
2135:in the
1672:3 April
1262:(1939)
1194: (
1165:minutes
1135:Dresden
1118:détente
728:Belgium
702:'s new
629:captain
621:Romania
520:Dresden
473:Balkans
404:
396:
392:
349: (
309:Balkans
265:1953â56
263:1910â45
88:Dresden
3991:Portal
3509:Kalach
3504:Gumrak
3267:Other
3107:others
2902:others
2759:Panzer
2697:others
2468:Armies
2412:Centre
2386:fronts
2345:Koltso
2331:Uranus
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2006:
1954:
1932:
1904:
1691:, the
1506:Stalin
1487:
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1070:France
858:Crisis
716:Poland
665:Moscow
625:Serbia
607:Vosges
603:France
583:Rommel
536:Kassel
469:France
456:, and
362:Awards
303:France
247:
190:
180:Branch
167:
138:
123:
108:
4035:Media
3295:Italy
3098:422nd
3093:308th
3088:302nd
3083:284th
3078:248th
3073:221st
3068:214th
3063:204th
3058:196th
3053:193rd
3048:181st
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3038:169th
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2981:Rifle
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2858:113th
2853:100th
2576:Corps
2070:[
2046:[
1979:(PDF)
1972:(PDF)
1716:4 May
1561:8 May
1322:Notes
611:Arras
567:Allen
398:(
394:
3788:Heer
3698:and
3269:Axis
3018:95th
3013:93rd
3008:91st
3003:64th
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2688:26th
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2655:Tank
2617:VIII
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2477:Axis
2384:and
2112:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2028:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1987:2019
1952:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1902:ISBN
1806:2021
1777:2022
1718:2024
1674:2018
1563:2020
1485:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1420:ORKA
1030:and
726:and
623:and
569:and
307:The
270:Rank
235:NKFD
155:NKFD
78:Died
51:Born
3702:of
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2767:6th
2668:4th
2663:1st
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2417:Don
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557:'s
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