935:
820:
3956:
3944:
1078:
3980:
655:
51:
3968:
1152:
There have been notable disputes over claims of a first ascent (or first free ascent), for various reasons (disputes over the style employed, issues with verifiability, accusations of bad faith and fraud), and the most notable are where a new grade milestone and/or major advancement in difficulty is
1385:
of first free ascent in traditional climbing (and an FFA that had been headpointed would be asterisked as such), leading traditional climbers eventually followed the redpointing practices of sport climbers (i.e. practicing the route over-and-over in a safe way), and dispensed with the stigma
1210:
called it "the greatest climbing feat of all time". Inconsistencies in
Maestri's account, and the lack of equipment on the route, led most to doubt his claim. Maestri further inflamed the controversy by returning in 1970 and drilling 400 bolts onto his new
760:
First alpine-style (or unsupported) ascent. In 2008, the charter of the prestigious Piolet d'Or prize was amended to focus on small teams with no support making fast, but riskier, ascents on routes that had previously been done by expeditions (called
674:
As mountaineering developed in the 20th century, the attainment of a summit by almost any means was replaced by ascents that reflected the style used and the conditions faced. In 2008, the most prestigious annual prize in mountaineering, the
1322:, his claim provoked a significant backlash from parts of the climbing community and even accusations that he never completed an FFA (the person who belayed him could not be identified to help verification). The route was repeated in 2011 by
1454:
840:
In rock climbing, the manner in which the first free ascent was achieved became important to chronicle by climbing journals and magazines. The key differentiators were the style on which the route was free climbed (e.g.
2311:
903:(as a counterpoint to a "redpoint"), to describe climbing a pre-bolted sport climbing route, but only using "traditional protection" (i.e. protection that is not permanently fixed via pre-placed bolts or pitons).
1271: (5.14d). Rouhling faced an unprecedented level of personal vilification from parts of the climbing community on whether he had actually climbed the route, as all other attempts had failed. In 2020,
1933:
1046:
is practiced by a smaller community of climbers and is a controversial area given the risks undertaken and whether such risks should be recorded and thus implicitly endorsed. Free solo climbing
2202:
1464:
794:
ascent, performed by a single climber. The first solo ascents of the alpine north faces, including the first solo winter ascents, were coveted (the winter solo "Trilogy" was completed by
2127:
2169:
1873:
2379:
595:
As all the key tops were summited, the manner in which each top was reached became important, particularly the ability to complete the ascent without artificial aid, which is called
2281:
2104:
1497:
1903:
3865:
918:
First redpoint ascent (sport climbing only). In the 1980s, climbers wanted to ascend routes that had no opportunities for traditional climbing protection, and they had to be
802:. Himalayan solo ascents are also coveted, although problems around verification are more frequent due to the more remote nature of the routes, with notable disputes such as
868:
First free ascent (traditional climbing only). Pre-1980s, the FFAs were by traditional climbing techniques. A distinction was recorded if a climber practiced the moves on a
3860:
2303:
1008:, means it was done at the very first attempt, and without prior information (or beta). Climbing journals chronicle the progression of grade milestones of onsights both
1695:
1027:, means it was done at the first attempt, but with prior information (or beta). Climbing journals chronicle the progression of grade milestones for flashed routes by
1843:
1032:
1028:
1013:
1009:
1290:
638:
is a more controversial aspect, given the concerns about advocating such a dangerous form of climbing. With the rise in female participation in climbing, the
1735:
2409:
3912:
2879:
2033:
1803:
3924:
1925:
1102:
966:
First repeat ascent (traditional or sport climbing). The grading of a route can be complicated as the person making the FFA had no prior information or
889:
1302:
1255:
988:
971:
923:
885:
1575:
1047:
1035:
climbers. With the availability of route beta online (e.g. videos of prior ascents), the distinction between onsight and flash ascents has diminished.
2212:
622:
As the sport of climbing developed, additional types of ascent became notable and chronicled in guidebooks and journals. In mountaineering, and
1429:
974:
for confirmation of a grade, particularly when a new grade milestone is proposed. For the highest grades, the first repeat can take years (e.g.
2867:
2347:
2135:
1997:
1966:
2069:
2161:
1865:
2369:
1196:
2271:
2094:
2852:
1487:
938:
97:
934:
3906:
3875:
611:
in the event of a fall could be used as long as they did not aid progression). Completing the FFA of a climbing route is often called
535:
70:
1895:
2901:
2896:
1362:
1352:
121:
1794:"How the World's Boldest Climbing Area Got that Way: How headpointing became a legitimate, go-to tactic on Peak District gritstone"
1614:
1542:
2473:
1175:
755:, was only summited in winter in 2021 (66 years after its first ascent) and considered a "holy grail" of mountaineering prizes.
1685:
1171:
2248:
1659:
662:
and Martin Ploug (pictured) nearing the summit of the unclimbed peak, Ren Zhong Feng (5800m), in China via their new route
2081:
A month later, Roxanna Brock teamed up with Bobbi
Bensman to do the first female free ascent (FFFA) of the route in a day.
2862:
2511:
2447:
1653:
735:
First winter ascent. The winter climbing season is between
December 21 and March 20. The first winter ascents of the
1835:
2847:
2832:
87:
17:
1727:
1179:
2401:
2023:
1793:
3984:
3845:
1345:
723:
528:
736:
699:
683:
teams using no form of aid or support, rather than on large expedition-style teams using "siege" techniques.
581:
3775:
3152:
1565:
1340:
576:. Early 20th-century mountaineers and climbers focused on reaching the tops of iconic mountains (e.g. the
1357:
1167:
3147:
2913:
1295:
1093:
First female free ascent (abbreviated FFFA). Important female climbers emerged in the 1980s including
993:
133:
922:
with protection (but not aid), which was called sport climbing. Sport climbing has since set all new
3972:
3835:
3197:
1411:
1139:
closed the gap to the highest sport climbing grades achieved by men to within one/two notches, while
521:
2337:
1989:
1956:
1206:
summited, but that Egger who had the camera, was swept to his death by an avalanche on the descent.
777:. The charter was amended to de-incentivize excessive risk-taking after several winners died (e.g.
3750:
3745:
2891:
2055:
1216:
1106:
954:
819:
479:
116:
667:
4011:
3880:
3675:
3650:
3541:
3534:
2939:
2842:
2797:
2198:
2060:
1327:
1315:
1305:
1280:
1268:
1258:
833:
607:) is used where a mountain or climbing route is ascended without any artificial aid (devices for
371:
66:
1162:
First ascent of
Everest: Arguably the most famous case of an unverified first ascent is whether
3790:
3700:
3343:
3096:
2952:
2884:
2504:
1263:
1174:. Subsequent Everest expeditions have not been able to answer the question including the 1999
976:
691:
431:
109:
3850:
1766:
1283: (5.14d), a grade Rouhling has climbed on other routes, and thus his FFA became accepted.
899:
First greenpoint ascent (traditional climbing only). In the 2010s, traditional climbers used
3825:
3740:
3242:
3108:
1111:
930:" became the accepted definition for what determined a "first free ascent" in sport climbing.
900:
1588:
The
Piolets d'Or (Golden Ice Axes) were long considered to be the 'Oscars of Mountaineering'
1215:, to claim the second ascent. In 2012, yet more controversy followed when American climbers
3855:
3840:
3830:
3081:
3047:
2827:
2601:
2579:
2572:
2560:
2304:"Fred Rouhling's Akira finally repeated after 25 years by Sébastien Bouin, Lucien Martinez"
1098:
842:
205:
183:
176:
164:
8:
3730:
3548:
3527:
3430:
3372:
3367:
3326:
3301:
3224:
3130:
3052:
2964:
2705:
2482:
2342:
2276:
2243:
2207:
2028:
1961:
1798:
1690:
1609:
1570:
1524:
1459:
1310:
1248:
927:
877:
608:
441:
419:
3870:
3452:
3420:
3091:
3074:
2930:
2908:
2874:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2099:
1604:
1416:
850:
565:
501:
446:
227:
222:
217:
104:
1272:
1127:, announced by Hill to the world's climbing media by: "It goes, boys". By the 2000s,
739:
were a coveted prize, particularly the "Trilogy" of the three hardest, the Eiger, the
4006:
3960:
3943:
3885:
3680:
3608:
3583:
3569:
3562:
3377:
3279:
3179:
2959:
2630:
2555:
2497:
2443:
1649:
1533:
1528:
1421:
1128:
1124:
1081:
659:
474:
464:
234:
159:
59:
55:
34:
2463:
3820:
3755:
3735:
3710:
3695:
3462:
3440:
3316:
3059:
2695:
2435:
1136:
1120:
1024:
881:
795:
748:
744:
707:
589:
577:
506:
486:
282:
272:
126:
1455:"Climbers Make History Making First Winter Ascent of Pakistan's 'Killer Mountain'"
782:
3948:
3815:
3760:
3715:
3690:
3660:
3445:
3415:
3338:
3333:
3192:
3140:
3064:
3025:
2998:
2683:
2656:
2477:
2238:
1643:
967:
919:
880:" as the definition of an FFA, such a distinction was dropped. FFAs that set new
858:
828:
623:
496:
255:
686:
The most notable types of mountaineering first ascents that are chronicled are:
3807:
3780:
3685:
3655:
3520:
3467:
3410:
3405:
3355:
3296:
3232:
3103:
3086:
3003:
2837:
2802:
2767:
2762:
2717:
2675:
2646:
2596:
2584:
1224:
1192:
1163:
904:
864:
The most notable types of rock climbing first ascents that are chronicled are:
846:
799:
676:
573:
549:
491:
436:
381:
341:
336:
260:
245:
200:
188:
92:
2162:"Can't Keep Her Down: A Consolidated History of Women's Climbing Achievements"
765:). Multiple Piolet d'Or winners, whose ascents embodied this style, included
4000:
3770:
3670:
3615:
3576:
3475:
3425:
3400:
3311:
3164:
3020:
2986:
2807:
2782:
2661:
2651:
2608:
2591:
2535:
2374:
1425:
1243:
1238:
1201:
791:
766:
715:
596:
414:
386:
376:
356:
212:
195:
144:
3284:
2272:"Fred Rouhling's Akira Sees First Repeats Since 1995 FA, Receives Downgrade"
803:
3890:
3785:
3665:
3601:
3480:
3042:
3030:
2991:
2976:
2787:
2712:
2700:
2550:
1492:
1207:
1132:
1057:
943:
762:
695:
680:
585:
361:
289:
277:
154:
1088:(8b+ 5.14a, 300-metres, 9 pitches), on the Grand Pfad in Bern, Switzerland
790:
First solo ascent. The most dangerous form of alpine-style ascent is the
747:. The most notable first winter ascents were the Himalayan and Karakoram
3725:
3720:
3457:
3350:
3249:
3035:
2969:
2792:
2772:
2734:
2722:
2688:
1639:
1188:
1140:
1077:
770:
366:
346:
306:
294:
265:
1042:
First free solo ascent (independent of traditional or sport climbing).
706:
in particular. The 1950s saw the first ascents of most of the fourteen
3306:
3187:
3120:
2981:
2752:
2729:
2567:
1323:
1220:
1116:
1004:
First onsight ascent (traditional or sport climbing). An FFA that was
982:
869:
823:
778:
774:
740:
326:
301:
171:
2056:"North America, United States, Nevada, Rainbow Wall, Various Activity"
1926:"Sonnie Trotter finds The Path 5.14 R at Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada"
3629:
3622:
3490:
3485:
3395:
3360:
3274:
3219:
3125:
3069:
3008:
2757:
2024:"Free Solo Rock Climbing and the Climbers Who Have Defined the Sport"
1094:
1052:
1043:
949:
873:
727:
719:
404:
331:
2370:"Sébastian Bouin Claims Third Ascent of Chilam Balam (5.15b), Spain"
1023:
First flash ascent (traditional or sport climbing). An FFA that was
3705:
3555:
3291:
3254:
3212:
3202:
2520:
1065:
959:
569:
553:
426:
409:
42:
1326:
who downgraded it, and further repeats reduced its grade to circa
798:
in 1977–78); one of the most famous practitioners was the
Italian
584:) by whatever means possible, often using considerable amounts of
3321:
3207:
3157:
3013:
2777:
1005:
854:
711:
351:
1223:
and Peter Ortner to make the FFA, for which all four won a 2013
3169:
3135:
807:
690:
First ascent. The most notable first ascents started with the
654:
50:
1686:"Who Did It First? Style, Grades and Dispute in First Ascents"
853:), whether the free climb was done on the first attempt (e.g.
698:). In the 1930s, the focus moved to the first ascents of the
630:
is recorded, given the significantly greater difficulty. The
3918:
3765:
3237:
3115:
2947:
1767:"What Is A Redpoint In Climbing? – Climbing Jargon Explained"
703:
3919:
568:), is the first successful documented climb to the top of a
2489:
1488:"Nepalese team makes first successful winter ascent of K2"
694:
when the main alpine peaks were summited (and often using
2203:"Patagonia's Cerro Torre Gets the Chop: Maestri Unbolted"
2128:"American Woman Reaches a New Milestone in Rock Climbing"
1728:"Redpoint, Pinkpoint, and Headpoint – What Do They Mean?"
1308: (5.15c) route, when the highest grade at the time,
1261: (5.15b) route, when the highest grade at the time,
1866:"Heiko Queitsch greenpoint climbing in the Frankenjura"
1101:
and climbing journals began to chronicle milestones in
857:), and whether the climber had prior information (e.g.
752:
2095:"The 25 Greatest Moments in Yosemite Climbing History"
3861:
Federación Española de
Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
1529:"Piolets d'Or: A Short History of the Golden Ice Axe"
3913:
International
Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
3866:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
1288:
In 2003, Spanish climber Bernabé Fernández proposed
3925:
1358:
List of first ascents of eight-thousander mountains
1219:and Jason Kruk, removed Maestri's bolts, enabling
1143:had fully closed the gap for traditional climbing.
1109:being Lynn Hill's 1993 FFA/FFFA of the 3,000-foot
1105:. In some cases, an FFFA is also an FFA, the most
2402:"Dani Andrada does fourth ascent of Chilam Balam"
714:in particular. By the 1980s, the rock spires of
649:
3998:
2468:on Didier Berthod's failed first free ascent of
2434:
1896:"Chasin the Trane greenpoint in the Frankenjura"
1642:(2001). "My Way: A Short Talk with Tomo Cesen".
592:support teams that laid "siege" to the climb.
1412:"A Climbing Award That May Be a Winner's Last"
876:", although with the post-1980s dominance of "
2505:
1957:"Trotter Chops Bolts, Sends Marathon Project"
1645:Kiss Or Kill: Confessions of a Serial Climber
1241:created a major controversy when he proposed
529:
3907:International Federation of Sport Climbing
2512:
2498:
2086:
806:'s first solo ascent of the south face of
679:, amended its focus to small light-weight
536:
522:
2092:
1381:While headpointing was once considered a
1363:List of grade milestones in rock climbing
1353:List of first ascents of mountain summits
1318: (5.15a). As with Fred Rouhling on
2269:
1990:"Onsight and Flash – What Do They Mean?"
1683:
1648:. Mountaineering Books. pp. 63–74.
1563:
1523:
1485:
1452:
1076:
933:
818:
653:
2197:
2125:
1954:
1833:
1602:
1566:"Highlights from the 23rd Piolets d'Or"
1050:are chronicled, the most notable being
14:
3999:
2331:
2329:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2155:
2153:
2017:
2015:
1834:Oviglia, Maurizio (23 December 2012).
1791:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1638:
1176:Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition
911:(5.14a R, 2007), is a notable example.
2493:
2412:from the original on 10 February 2023
2382:from the original on 10 February 2023
2350:from the original on 10 February 2023
2232:
2230:
2159:
2021:
1987:
1906:from the original on 22 December 2022
1876:from the original on 22 December 2022
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1738:from the original on 22 December 2022
1725:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1698:from the original on 10 February 2023
1679:
1677:
1662:from the original on 10 February 2023
1545:from the original on 19 February 2022
1500:from the original on 10 February 2023
1453:Bisharat, Andrew (27 February 2016).
1405:
1403:
1170:reached the summit of Everest on the
634:is also commonly noted, although the
3967:
2338:"Ondra Grabs Ascent of Chilam Balam"
2270:Corrigan, Keven (23 November 2020).
2236:
2172:from the original on 29 January 2022
2107:from the original on 4 December 2022
2036:from the original on 30 October 2022
2000:from the original on 28 January 2023
1969:from the original on 8 February 2023
1936:from the original on 8 February 2023
1634:
1632:
1617:from the original on 13 January 2020
1598:
1596:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1448:
1446:
1409:
826:making the first redpoint ascent of
3979:
2335:
2326:
2184:
2150:
2012:
1846:from the original on 4 January 2022
1806:from the original on 28 August 2023
1750:
1684:Sanzarro, Francis (22 March 2022).
1578:from the original on 1 January 2023
1147:
1123:), considered the biggest prize in
814:
24:
2428:
2227:
1818:
1710:
1674:
1486:Beaumont, Peter (6 January 2021).
1400:
25:
4023:
3876:South African Climbing Federation
2457:
2314:from the original on 22 June 2022
2284:from the original on 22 June 2022
2251:from the original on 22 June 2022
2239:"The Other Side of Fred Rouhling"
2160:Walsh, Megan (14 November 2017).
1629:
1593:
1564:Boermans, Menno (14 April 2015).
1512:
1443:
1341:List of first ascents in the Alps
1156:
970:. The first repeat is therefore
3978:
3966:
3955:
3954:
3942:
2848:IFSC World Championships winners
2126:Bishart, Andrew (1 March 2017).
1988:Pardy, Aaron (2 November 2022).
1955:Lambert, Erik (31 August 2007).
1836:"The evolution of free climbing"
1792:Huttom, Mike (3 November 2022).
1726:Pardy, Aaron (5 November 2022).
1231:
1180:2007 Altitude Everest expedition
580:) and climbing routes (e.g. the
49:
27:Mountaineering and climbing term
2394:
2362:
2296:
2263:
2119:
2072:from the original on 2023-02-11
2048:
1981:
1948:
1918:
1888:
1858:
1785:
1432:from the original on 2021-11-30
1386:associated with headpointing.
1375:
3846:British Mountaineering Council
1557:
1479:
1346:First ascent of the Matterhorn
650:In mountaineering and alpinism
13:
1:
2336:Fox, Amanda (13 April 2011).
2022:Osius, Alison (4 June 2022).
1393:
1060:'s first free solo ascent of
737:great north faces of the Alps
700:great north faces of the Alps
599:. In free climbing, the term
582:great north faces of the Alps
2519:
1603:Parnell, Ian (1 July 2006).
1410:Levy, Michael (2021-11-29).
1056:, the Oscar-winning film of
7:
1605:"Victors of the Unwinnable"
1334:
1279:and estimated its grade at
646:) has also become notable.
572:or the top of a particular
10:
4028:
836: (5.15d) sport climb.
3938:
3899:
3836:Appalachian Mountain Club
3806:
3799:
3643:
3593:
3512:
3505:
3388:
3267:
3178:
2938:
2929:
2922:
2820:
2745:
2674:
2639:
2543:
2534:
2527:
2093:Editorial (1 June 2016).
1275:made the first repeat of
1103:female first free ascents
1072:
986:), or even decades (e.g.
861:) on that first attempt.
3751:Mountain Safety Research
3746:Mountain Equipment Co-op
1368:
1237:In 1995, French climber
640:first female free ascent
3881:South Tyrol Alpine Club
3676:Eastern Mountain Sports
3542:Canadian Alpine Journal
3535:American Alpine Journal
2798:Roof and tunnel hacking
2442:. Cassell Illustrated.
2061:American Alpine Journal
1172:1924 Everest expedition
1084:on the FFA and FFFA of
948:makes the first repeat
926:in rock climbing. The "
730:also had first ascents.
3701:Holubar Mountaineering
3513:Magazines and journals
2843:IFSC World Cup winners
2464:Peter Mortimer's film
1089:
962:
884:are notable, for both
837:
692:golden age of alpinism
671:
636:first free solo ascent
3826:Alpine Club of Canada
3736:Marmot Mountain Works
3691:GERRY Mountain Sports
1080:
937:
822:
751:, where the hardest,
657:
3856:Club Alpino Italiano
3841:Austrian Alpine Club
3831:American Alpine Club
2408:. 16 November 2015.
2310:. 23 November 2020.
1525:McDonald, Bernadette
1099:Catherine Destivelle
843:traditional climbing
832:, the world's first
588:, and/or with large
3851:Club Alpin Français
3225:Mountaineering boot
2838:Piolet d'Or winners
2237:Ward, Pete (2004).
2215:on 10 February 2023
2208:National Geographic
2201:(29 January 2012).
2132:National Geographic
1902:. 7 November 2011.
1467:on 10 February 2023
1460:National Geographic
628:first winter ascent
626:in particular, the
93:Piolet d'Or winners
3871:German Alpine Club
2476:2008-09-04 at the
2138:on January 4, 2022
1932:. 23 August 2007.
1840:PlanetMountain.com
1417:The New York Times
1090:
963:
851:free solo climbing
838:
672:
615:(or more latterly
3994:
3993:
3934:
3933:
3886:Swiss Alpine Club
3639:
3638:
3594:Non-fiction films
3570:Planinski Vestnik
3563:Himalayan Journal
3501:
3500:
3263:
3262:
2892:Historical events
2863:Eight-thousanders
2816:
2815:
2670:
2669:
2068:(73): 228. 1999.
1872:. 3 August 2012.
1534:Himalayan Journal
1129:Josune Bereziartu
1125:big wall climbing
1082:Josune Bereziartu
907:'s greenpoint of
749:eight-thousanders
708:eight-thousanders
660:Kristoffer Szilas
632:first solo ascent
601:first free ascent
578:eight-thousanders
546:
545:
127:Eight-thousanders
117:Historical events
71:Red Rocks, Nevada
60:first free ascent
56:Jonathan Siegrist
18:First free ascent
16:(Redirected from
4019:
3982:
3981:
3970:
3969:
3958:
3957:
3946:
3804:
3803:
3756:Outdoor Research
3510:
3509:
2936:
2935:
2927:
2926:
2897:Grade milestones
2706:Expedition style
2541:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2486:(Issue 17, 2006)
2453:
2436:Stephen Venables
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2211:. Archived from
2195:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2134:. Archived from
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1994:Gripped Magazine
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1831:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1773:. 2 October 2020
1763:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1732:Gripped Magazine
1723:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1521:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1463:. Archived from
1450:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1407:
1387:
1379:
1299:
1252:
1213:Compressor Route
1205:
1187:First ascent of
1153:being proposed:
1148:Notable disputes
1137:Ashima Shiraishi
1048:grade milestones
997:
955:Separate Reality
947:
924:grade milestones
882:grade milestones
815:In rock climbing
796:Ivano Ghirardini
745:Grandes Jorasses
724:Torres del Paine
658:Danish climbers
590:expedition style
560:(abbreviated to
538:
531:
524:
283:Expedition style
122:Grade milestones
53:
30:
29:
21:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4016:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3930:
3895:
3795:
3661:Cascade Designs
3635:
3589:
3497:
3384:
3259:
3193:Abalakov thread
3174:
2918:
2812:
2741:
2666:
2635:
2619:Deep-water solo
2523:
2518:
2478:Wayback Machine
2460:
2450:
2431:
2429:Further reading
2426:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2334:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2235:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2196:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2158:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2091:
2087:
2075:
2073:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2020:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1832:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1724:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1682:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1656:
1637:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1601:
1594:
1581:
1579:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1522:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1451:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1337:
1301:as the world's
1293:
1273:Sébastien Bouin
1254:as the world's
1246:
1234:
1199:
1195:claimed he and
1159:
1150:
1075:
991:
941:
817:
652:
624:alpine climbing
542:
513:
451:
391:
313:
239:
223:Deep-water solo
138:
74:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4025:
4015:
4014:
4012:Mountaineering
4009:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3976:
3964:
3952:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3781:The North Face
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3711:Sierra Designs
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3686:Frostline Kits
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3577:Rock & Ice
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3521:Alpine Journal
3516:
3514:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3411:Climbing route
3408:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3356:Simul-climbing
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3297:Front pointing
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3233:Avalanche cord
3227:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3205:
3200:
3198:Bottled oxygen
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2853:IFSC victories
2850:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2680:
2678:
2676:Mountaineering
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2538:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2459:
2458:External links
2456:
2455:
2454:
2449:978-1844037582
2448:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2393:
2375:Rock & Ice
2361:
2325:
2308:PlanetMountain
2295:
2262:
2226:
2199:Roberts, David
2183:
2149:
2118:
2085:
2047:
2011:
1980:
1947:
1930:PlanetMountain
1917:
1900:PlanetMountain
1887:
1870:PlanetMountain
1857:
1817:
1784:
1749:
1709:
1673:
1655:978-0898867633
1654:
1628:
1592:
1556:
1511:
1478:
1442:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1330: (5.15a).
1285:
1284:
1267:, was only at
1264:Action Directe
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1217:Hayden Kennedy
1193:Cesare Maestri
1184:
1183:
1164:George Mallory
1158:
1157:Mountaineering
1155:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1107:famous example
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1018:
1017:
1001:
1000:
977:Action Directe
932:
931:
915:
914:
913:
912:
905:Sonnie Trotter
894:
893:
847:sport climbing
816:
813:
812:
811:
800:Walter Bonatti
787:
786:
757:
756:
732:
731:
651:
648:
574:climbing route
550:mountaineering
544:
543:
541:
540:
533:
526:
518:
515:
514:
512:
511:
510:
509:
504:
499:
489:
484:
483:
482:
477:
467:
461:
458:
457:
453:
452:
450:
449:
444:
439:
437:Simul climbing
434:
429:
424:
423:
422:
412:
407:
401:
398:
397:
393:
392:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
323:
320:
319:
315:
314:
312:
311:
310:
309:
299:
298:
297:
287:
286:
285:
280:
270:
269:
268:
263:
252:
249:
248:
246:mountaineering
241:
240:
238:
237:
232:
231:
230:
225:
220:
210:
209:
208:
203:
193:
192:
191:
181:
180:
179:
169:
168:
167:
157:
151:
148:
147:
140:
139:
137:
136:
131:
130:
129:
124:
114:
113:
112:
102:
101:
100:
98:IFSC victories
95:
84:
81:
80:
76:
75:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4024:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3987:
3986:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:International
3898:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3800:Organizations
3798:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:Early Winters
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:Black Diamond
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3616:The Dawn Wall
3613:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:Bachar ladder
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:Climbing wall
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Approach shoe
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3021:Climbing rope
3019:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2902:First ascents
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
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2536:Rock climbing
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1266:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1239:Fred Rouhling
1236:
1235:
1232:Rock climbing
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1177:
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1169:
1168:Andrew Irvine
1165:
1161:
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1154:
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945:
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936:
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921:
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901:greenpointing
898:
897:
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871:
867:
866:
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852:
848:
844:
835:
831:
830:
825:
821:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:solo climbing
789:
788:
784:
783:Hansjörg Auer
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:Marko Prezelj
764:
759:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:Trango Towers
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
688:
687:
684:
682:
678:
669:
665:
661:
656:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
603:(abbreviated
602:
598:
597:free climbing
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
539:
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432:Self rescuing
430:
428:
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149:
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145:rock climbing
142:
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132:
128:
125:
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120:
119:
118:
115:
111:
108:
107:
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103:
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96:
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91:
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83:
82:
78:
77:
72:
69: (8c+),
68:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
3983:
3971:
3959:
3947:
3891:USA Climbing
3791:Wild Country
3786:Therm-a-Rest
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3602:The Alpinist
3600:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3481:Campus board
3436:First ascent
3435:
3180:Ice and snow
2977:Belay device
2828:Alpine clubs
2788:Ropes course
2701:Alpine style
2481:
2469:
2466:First Ascent
2465:
2440:First Ascent
2439:
2438:(May 2014).
2414:. Retrieved
2405:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2373:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2341:
2316:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2275:
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2242:
2217:. Retrieved
2213:the original
2206:
2174:. Retrieved
2165:
2140:. Retrieved
2136:the original
2131:
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2098:
2088:
2080:
2074:. Retrieved
2065:
2059:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2027:
2002:. Retrieved
1993:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1960:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1929:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1869:
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1839:
1808:. Retrieved
1797:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1770:
1740:. Retrieved
1731:
1700:. Retrieved
1689:
1664:. Retrieved
1644:
1640:Twight, Mark
1619:. Retrieved
1608:
1587:
1580:. Retrieved
1569:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1538:
1532:
1502:. Retrieved
1493:The Guardian
1491:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1465:the original
1458:
1434:. Retrieved
1415:
1382:
1377:
1319:
1309:
1291:Chilam Balam
1289:
1276:
1262:
1242:
1212:
1208:Lionel Terry
1151:
1133:Angela Eiter
1110:
1085:
1061:
1058:Alex Honnold
1051:
1044:Free soloing
987:
981:
975:
953:
908:
874:headpointing
863:
839:
827:
763:alpine style
696:aid climbing
685:
681:alpine-style
673:
663:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
621:
616:
612:
604:
600:
594:
586:aid climbing
561:
558:first ascent
557:
547:
470:First ascent
469:
372:Roof hacking
362:Rock hopping
278:Alpine style
63:
3985:WikiProject
3821:Alpine Club
3816:Access Fund
3726:Lowe Alpine
3721:La Sportiva
3458:Fall factor
3351:Self-arrest
3327:Redpointing
3250:Snow anchor
3004:Boulder mat
2953:Daisy chain
2923:Terminology
2914:Terminology
2793:Rooftopping
2735:Hillwalking
2723:Dry-tooling
2689:Via ferrata
2602:Traditional
2580:Competition
2561:Multi-pitch
2544:Disciplines
2470:Cobra Crack
2416:10 February
2040:26 November
1910:22 December
1880:22 December
1810:13 February
1742:21 December
1383:lesser form
1311:Realization
1294: [
1247: [
1225:Piolet d'Or
1200: [
1191:: In 1959,
1189:Cerro Torre
1141:Beth Rodden
992: [
942: [
878:redpointing
771:Mick Fowler
677:Piolet d'Or
664:Lost to Ice
619:) a route.
566:guide books
420:Redpointing
396:Key actions
367:Rooftopping
318:Other types
307:Hillwalking
295:Dry-tooling
266:Via ferrata
206:Traditional
184:Competition
165:Multi-pitch
134:Terminology
4001:Categories
3609:El Capitan
3373:Traversing
3322:Onsighting
3302:Glissading
3285:Dülfersitz
3280:Australian
3243:Transeiver
3188:Alpenstock
3121:Portaledge
3109:Copperhead
3048:Descenders
2982:Auto belay
2773:Commercial
2753:Buildering
2730:Scrambling
2640:Rock types
2631:Top roping
2568:Bouldering
2386:8 February
2354:9 February
2219:8 February
2176:29 January
2142:20 January
2111:4 December
2076:2023-02-11
2004:8 February
1973:8 February
1940:8 February
1702:8 February
1666:10 January
1504:9 February
1471:8 February
1436:2021-11-30
1394:References
1324:Adam Ondra
1303:first-ever
1256:first-ever
1221:David Lama
1197:Toni Egger
1178:, and the
1117:El Capitan
983:Jumbo Love
972:chronicled
952:ascent of
920:pre-bolted
872:, called "
824:Adam Ondra
804:Tomo Česen
779:David Lama
775:Ueli Steck
743:, and the
741:Matterhorn
702:, and the
668:TD M4, WI4
609:protection
447:Techniques
442:Traversing
347:Commercial
327:Buildering
302:Scrambling
235:Top roping
172:Bouldering
3761:Patagonia
3644:Companies
3630:Hard Grit
3623:Free Solo
3491:MoonBoard
3486:Hangboard
3472:Training
3421:Guidebook
3396:Ape index
3361:Rope team
3275:Abseiling
3220:Ice screw
3126:Quickdraw
3009:Carabiner
2931:Equipment
2909:Technique
2875:Equipment
2758:Canyoning
2696:Himalayan
2624:Rope solo
2614:Free solo
1850:4 January
1777:1 January
1621:2 January
1582:1 January
1549:2 January
1426:0362-4331
1314:, was at
1095:Lynn Hill
1062:Freerider
1053:Free Solo
1016:climbers.
1006:onsighted
950:free solo
939:Heinz Zak
892:climbers.
855:onsighted
728:Patagonia
720:Karakorum
456:Key terms
405:Abseiling
332:Canyoning
273:Himalayan
244:Types of
228:Rope solo
218:Free solo
143:Types of
105:Equipment
62:(FFA) of
4007:Climbing
3961:Category
3808:National
3706:JanSport
3681:Five Ten
3556:Desnivel
3549:Climbing
3528:Alpinist
3453:Exposure
3431:Chipping
3378:Tyrolean
3368:Spotting
3339:Crevasse
3317:Flashing
3307:Jumaring
3292:Belaying
3255:Snowshoe
3213:Ice tool
3203:Crampons
3053:Figure-8
2965:Ascender
2833:Climbers
2573:Highball
2556:Big wall
2521:Climbing
2483:Alpinist
2474:Archived
2410:Archived
2380:Archived
2378:. 2014.
2348:Archived
2343:Climbing
2312:Archived
2282:Archived
2277:Climbing
2249:Archived
2244:Climbing
2170:Archived
2166:Climbing
2105:Archived
2070:Archived
2034:Archived
2029:Climbing
1998:Archived
1967:Archived
1962:Alpinist
1934:Archived
1904:Archived
1874:Archived
1844:Archived
1804:Archived
1799:Climbing
1736:Archived
1696:Archived
1691:Climbing
1660:Archived
1615:Archived
1610:Alpinist
1576:Archived
1571:Alpinist
1543:Archived
1527:(2017).
1498:Archived
1430:Archived
1335:See also
1086:Yeah Man
1066:Yosemite
989:Open Air
960:Yosemite
928:redpoint
909:The Path
870:top rope
670:, 1300m)
570:mountain
554:climbing
427:Jumaring
410:Belaying
177:Highball
160:Big wall
88:Climbers
64:Spectrum
43:Climbing
35:a series
33:Part of
3973:Commons
3927:(UIMLA)
3921:(UIAGM)
3312:Leading
3229:Rescue
3208:Ice axe
3158:Camalot
3092:Lanyard
3075:Skyhook
3060:Harness
3031:Dynamic
3014:Maillon
2987:Glasses
2868:Everest
2859:Deaths
2778:Parkour
2406:Climber
2318:22 June
2288:22 June
2255:22 June
2100:Outside
1771:Climber
1166:and/or
1121:5.14a/b
1025:flashed
829:Silence
718:in the
712:Everest
666:(grade
617:sending
613:freeing
415:Leading
352:Parkour
58:on the
3949:Portal
3915:(UIAA)
3909:(IFSC)
3741:Millet
3731:Mammut
3696:Grivel
3666:Deuter
3584:Summit
3468:Guides
3463:Grades
3334:Rescue
3268:Action
3170:Tricam
3136:Grigri
3082:Hammer
3036:Static
2992:Gloves
2960:Anchor
2880:Brands
2684:Alpine
2446:
1652:
1424:
1135:, and
1073:Gender
1033:female
1014:female
890:female
808:Lhotse
781:, and
773:, and
722:, and
710:, and
465:Anchor
256:Alpine
3766:Petzl
3716:Kelty
3506:Media
3441:Pitch
3406:Clean
3389:Other
3238:RECCO
3165:Shoes
3153:SLCDs
3148:Sling
3116:Piton
3065:Hooks
3043:Chalk
2970:Croll
2948:Aider
2885:Knots
2821:Lists
2803:Slide
2768:Grass
2763:Crane
2746:Other
2718:Mixed
2647:Crack
2597:Sport
2585:Speed
2528:Types
1369:Notes
1320:Akira
1298:]
1277:Akira
1251:]
1244:Akira
1204:]
996:]
946:]
849:, or
704:Eiger
507:Pitch
502:Guide
492:Route
487:Grade
382:Slide
342:Grass
337:Crane
261:Mixed
201:Sport
189:Speed
110:Knots
79:Lists
67:5.14c
3656:CAMP
3446:Topo
3416:Beta
3344:Self
3141:Revo
3131:SLDs
3070:Fifi
3026:Cord
2999:Bolt
2940:Rock
2808:Tree
2783:Pole
2662:Slab
2657:Roof
2652:Face
2609:Solo
2592:Free
2444:ISBN
2418:2023
2388:2023
2356:2023
2320:2022
2290:2022
2257:2022
2221:2023
2178:2022
2144:2022
2113:2022
2042:2022
2006:2023
1975:2023
1942:2023
1912:2022
1882:2022
1852:2022
1812:2023
1779:2022
1744:2022
1704:2023
1668:2023
1650:ISBN
1623:2023
1584:2023
1551:2023
1506:2023
1473:2023
1422:ISSN
1112:Nose
1097:and
1031:and
1029:male
1012:and
1010:male
968:beta
888:and
886:male
859:beta
644:FFFA
642:(or
556:, a
552:and
497:Beta
480:FFFA
387:Tree
377:Rope
357:Pole
213:Solo
196:Free
3776:REI
3771:Rab
3104:Nut
3097:PAC
3087:Hex
2713:Ice
2551:Aid
1328:9a+
1316:9a+
1306:9b+
1115:on
1064:in
980:or
958:in
726:in
605:FFA
564:in
548:In
475:FFA
290:Ice
155:Aid
4003::
2480:,
2404:.
2372:.
2346:.
2340:.
2328:^
2306:.
2280:.
2274:.
2247:.
2241:.
2229:^
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2186:^
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2164:.
2152:^
2130:.
2103:.
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2064:.
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2032:.
2026:.
2014:^
1996:.
1992:.
1965:.
1959:.
1928:.
1898:.
1868:.
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1820:^
1802:.
1796:.
1769:.
1752:^
1734:.
1730:.
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1658:.
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1613:.
1607:.
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1586:.
1574:.
1568:.
1541:.
1539:72
1537:.
1531:.
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1496:.
1490:.
1457:.
1445:^
1428:.
1420:.
1414:.
1402:^
1296:fr
1281:9a
1269:9a
1259:9b
1249:fr
1202:it
1131:,
999:).
994:de
944:de
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834:9c
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769:,
753:K2
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
