57:
379:
395:
234:
1937:
71:
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40:
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Leinster, Ulster and
Munster), along with Scotland, the north and south of England and London, had representatives on the council. Later four honorary members were co-opted. The Council elected three members to the executive. The President was chairman, the Treasurer managed recruitment and finance, and the Secretary was director of operations. There were IRB Circles in every major city in England.
579:, the last convict ship to Australia, arrived in Western Australia carrying 62 Fenian prisoners convicted in England. Over the next decade, most were released and many chose to go to America. By 1876 only six remained in custody, and in that year they were freed in a daring rescue mission organised by the IRB in the United States. The ship
531:. The explosion damaged nearby houses, killed 12 people and caused 120 injuries. None of the prisoners escaped. The bombing was later described as the most infamous action carried out by the Fenians in Great Britain in the 19th century. It enraged the public, causing a backlash of hostility in Britain which undermined efforts to establish
372:
refugees of the IRB and many of the
American officers who had been in Ireland was held in New York and presided over by Stephens, at which the decision was taken that the fight should be made early in 1867. Some thousands of rifles were afterwards sent to Ireland, but arrived too late to be of any use in the Rising.
361:. In contrast to Roberts, Bell, committed to black suffrage and to Reconstruction, was allied to the Republicans and was calling a "cleansing" of the spirits of the Irish in America: "Let our people fling off the scales of bigotry and declare that all men are entitled to 'life, liberty, and happiness.'"
352:
In 1865, O'Mahony's leadership was challenged and the movement was split by a faction led by
William B. Roberts, a wealthy New York City dry-goods merchant, more closely allied with the Democratic-Party machine. It was Roberts' faction that sponsored the plan to invade Canada and hold it hostage for
465:
Francis
Bernard McNamee, the man who started the Fenian movement in Montreal (and who was later suspected of being a government spy), was a case in point. In public, he proclaimed his loyalty to the queen and called for an Irish militia company to defend Canada against the Fenians. In private, he
371:
as president of a united organisation. Stephens had escaped the round-up of the IRB leadership in Dublin the previous year, but still promised that "The Irish flag—the flag of the Irish
Republic—will float in an Irish breeze before New Year's Day, 1867." At the close of 1866, a conference of the
512:
The
Fenians in England and the British Empire were a major threat to political stability. In the late 1860s, the IRB control centre was in Lancashire. In 1868, the Supreme Council of the IRB, the provisional government of the Irish Republic, was restructured. The four Irish provinces (Connacht,
466:
wrote that the real purpose of an Irish militia company would be to assist the Fenian invasion, adding for good measure that if the government denied his request he would raise the cry of anti-Irish
Catholic discrimination and bring more of his aggrieved countrymen into the Fenian Brotherhood.
458:. The ultimate goal of the Fenian raids was to hold Canada hostage and therefore be in a position to blackmail the United Kingdom to give Ireland its independence. Because of the invasion attempts, support or collaboration for the Fenians in Canada became very rare even among the
348:
suspicion, it quickly established an independent existence, although it still worked to gain Irish
American support for armed rebellion in Ireland. Initially, O'Mahony ran operations in the US, sending funds to Stephens and the IRB in Ireland.
213:, who did not advocate explicitly for an independent Irish Republic or for the use of force. The establishment warned people about a perceived threat to turn what they saw as "decent civilised" society on its head by movements such as
1068:
Further reading: W. D'Arcy, The Fenian movement in the United States: 1858–1886 (New York, 1947, 1971). W.S. Neidhardt, Fenianism in North
America (Pennsylvania, 1975). H. Senior, The Fenians and Canada (Toronto, 1978). D.A. Wilson,
705:
1426:
170:), according to O'Mahony, embodied two principles: firstly, that Ireland had a natural right to independence, and secondly, that this right could be won only by an armed revolution. The name originated with the
378:
1270:
492:
The danger posed by the Fenian raids was an important element in motivating the
British North America colonies to consider a more centralised defence for mutual protection, ultimately realised through
688:
and the club has thus been associated with Irish nationalism, symbolised by the almost universal flying of the Irish Tricolour during matches. Other Scottish clubs that have Irish roots, such as
1445:
434:
is used to designate a group of Irish radicals, a.k.a. the American branch of the Fenian Brotherhood in the 1860s. They made several attempts to invade some parts of the British colonies of
779:". Atkinson made a further mention of Fenianism when the title of Queen's Counsel was abolished. The title of Queen's Counsel was re-instated by the South Australian government in 2019.
566:, who was visiting Sydney. O'Farrell claimed to be a Fenian but was probably a lone actor. He was hanged on 21 April 1868. The Duke recovered but the attack was used by politician
1141:
193:
sometimes used the term "Fenianism" to refer to any form of mobilisation among the Irish or to those who expressed any Irish nationalist sentiments, or questioned the
298:, in the expectation of commanding an army against the British, were imprisoned; sporadic disturbances around the country were easily suppressed by the police,
1776:
583:
was sailed from New Bedford, Massachusetts, to Fremantle, Western Australia, a distance of some 12,000 miles, and took the men back to the United States. The
3084:
302:
and local militias. In the aftermath, Fenian assassination circles were active in Cork and in Dublin and were responsible for shooting two officers of the
1453:
394:
1744:
294:
in 1867 proved to be a "doomed rebellion", poorly organised and with minimal public support. Most of the Irish-American officers who landed at
3069:
1376:
1346:
222:
1227:
1769:
1405:
131:. They were secret political organisations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries dedicated to the establishment of an independent
2464:
1832:
1051:
367:
records that, in the course of 1866, various conferences to reunite the various factions were held. Their efforts were to elect
3079:
1762:
1629:
1591:
1096:
902:
559:
2386:
2028:
1212:
2070:
1825:
1427:"'The famine is over go home f***ing potato eaters' – Lazio fans unfurl huge anti-Irish banners at Celtic game in Rome"
1386:
1356:
954:
2400:
1890:
1562:
1545:
1531:
1517:
1503:
1176:
249:
1112:
1027:
685:
1132:, 1867. Box 1, Folder 9, Allen Family Papers, 1867, AIS.1977.14, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh
2119:
2457:
2262:
764:
354:
1734:
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exploded a bomb in attempt to free one of their members being held on remand at Clerkenwell Prison in London
516:
On 23 November 1867, three Fenians, William Philip Allen, Michael O'Brian, and Michael Larkin, known as the
3064:
1786:
124:
1393:
The divide between Orange and Green has been increasingly transformed into a divide between Blue and Green
1129:
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2223:
1883:
1729:
521:
314:
261:
2425:
2407:
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2160:
1701:
752:
310:
303:
206:
2668:
1996:
1271:"BNP leader Nick Griffin faces police probe over 'fenian bastards' sectarian tweet during procession"
813:
723:
when its supporters displayed a banner reading "Fenian Bastards" at a match between the sides at the
451:
388:
of 1867; at right is Michael O'Brien a former Corporal of Battery E 1st New Jersey Artillery regiment
210:
148:
353:
the liberation of Ireland. In 1867 there was a further challenge to O'Mahony from the new IRB exile
2450:
2379:
2056:
1982:
317:
276:
1232:
696:, do not tend to have the term applied to them, however. The term is now firmly rooted within the
201:). The political establishment often applied the term in this sense—inaccurately—to the unrelated
2473:
2021:
1853:
651:
368:
341:
245:
190:
76:
31:
17:
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in the United States and other advanced nationalists at home and abroad. This would include the
2049:
1860:
1070:
748:
605:
493:
482:
455:
56:
1724:
1325:
944:
3074:
2593:
2429:
2153:
1956:
1237:
732:
543:
528:
194:
918:
808:
704:. Use of the term as a religious slur carried criminal penalties in some contexts under the
1739:
673:
321:
2276:
1297:
979:"The Irish Republic: Reconstructing Liberty, Right Principles, and the Fenian Brotherhood"
8:
2319:
2035:
1818:
1615:
Fenians, Freedmen, and Southern Whites: Race and Nationality in the Era of Reconstruction
486:
345:
202:
715:
as a term of abuse has also been documented when Celtic play outside Scotland. In 2013,
2365:
2237:
2209:
2174:
1911:
1839:
998:
772:
693:
555:
539:
517:
443:
419:
385:
333:
272:
128:
1686:
The Dynamiters: Irish Nationalism and Political Violence in the Wider World, 1867–1900
2003:
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1625:
1587:
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1541:
1527:
1513:
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1352:
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1088:
1002:
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898:
771:
of South Australia, spoke of those members of the ALP who wished to remove the title
756:
661:
621:
575:
542:
in 1883–1885 and were also believed to be responsible for a bomb on 26 April 1897 at
470:
439:
320:
and his Permanent Under-secretary (chief civil servant), in an incident known as the
179:
2372:
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on 6 November that year. The term was also used in an anti-Irish banner unfurled by
524:
for their attack on a police van to release Fenians held captive earlier that year.
2865:
2623:
2603:
2216:
2084:
1925:
1653:
A journal of Francis Thompson's research into Fenianism and the Celtic Renaissance.
990:
859:
768:
447:
253:
94:
62:
2255:
1526:, The National Museum of Ireland in association with Country House, Dublin, 1994,
706:
Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012
2911:
2756:
2580:
2297:
2126:
2112:
2063:
2042:
1936:
1918:
724:
617:
336:, the Irish Republican Brotherhood's US branch, was founded by John O'Mahony and
280:
233:
175:
2098:
1550:
1052:"For the Sake of Ireland: The Fenian Raids of Missisquoi County 1866 & 1870"
283:
he founded the Irish Republican Brotherhood on 17 March 1858 in Lombard Street,
2588:
2351:
2290:
2283:
2202:
2181:
1968:
1897:
1867:
1754:
1658:
1073:, vol. I: passion, reason, and politics, 1825–57 (Montreal and Kingston, 2008).
689:
584:
563:
478:
401:
337:
163:
132:
1477:
978:
3058:
2839:
2393:
2269:
2188:
2077:
1989:
1952:
1804:
435:
291:
198:
144:
140:
2735:
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or independence for Ireland. The IRB Supreme Council condemned the bombing.
2505:
2344:
2326:
2105:
1960:
1674:, Binn Éadair, Baile Átha Cliath (Howth, Dublin), Ireland: Coiscéim, 2008,
1596:
1538:
The IRB: The Irish Republican Brotherhood from The Land League to Sinn Féin
701:
609:
570:
to wage a sectarian campaign against Catholics and people of Irish origin.
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459:
423:
299:
218:
183:
136:
1904:
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677:
629:
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214:
1740:
History Learning Site > Ireland 1848 to 1922 > The Fenian Movement
508:
Fenian Flag, captured by British forces at Tallaght, County Dublin, 1867
70:
2961:
2875:
2565:
2540:
2515:
2195:
1875:
1372:
1130:
In Memoriam, William Philip Allen, Michael O'Brien, and Michael Larkin
1023:
364:
265:
1144:, 1867, AIS.1977.14, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh
1113:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Dock and the Scaffold, by Unknown"
1029:
Recollections of an Irish rebel.... A personal narrative by John Devoy
633:
264:) among its more prominent members, which had been formed recently at
2901:
2847:
2816:
2761:
2230:
1846:
776:
532:
414:
238:
2990:
1643:
1636:
The Fenians: Irish Rebellion in the North Atlantic World, 1858–1876.
1610:, Edited by T.F. O'Sullivan, M. H. Gill & Son, LTD, Dublin, 1945
252:), had established himself in Paris, and was in correspondence with
39:
2613:
2530:
2510:
2482:
1975:
1330:
1302:
760:
728:
716:
697:
613:
604:
is used by some as a derogatory word for Irish Catholics; in 2012,
504:
2442:
676:
matches, it is often aimed in a sectarian manner at supporters of
656:
30:
This article is about the Irish organisation. For other uses, see
27:
Secret political organisations which fought for Irish independence
3011:
2972:
2956:
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2679:
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In the 1860s, opponents of Irish nationalism within the British
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2608:
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2498:
2493:
1751:
collection, Harvard University Library Open Collections Program
1747:
including digitised materials about their activities. From the
474:
284:
171:
1584:
A Provisional Dictator: James Stephens and the Fenian Movement
103:
3043:
2980:
2951:
2694:
2570:
2520:
946:
Beyond Equality: Labor and the Radical Republicans, 1862–1872
1472:
The Fenians in Context: Irish Politics & Society 1848–82
3038:
2730:
2725:
2618:
1298:"BNP leader Nick Griffin defends Fenian comment on Twitter"
788:
720:
454:), with the raids continuing after these colonies had been
112:
109:
1719:
587:
caused a worldwide sensation and sparked several ballads.
2740:
638:
1622:
That Irishman: The Life and Times of John O'Connor Power
1155:
That Irishman: the life and times of John O’Connor Power
1730:
BBC History article on the Irish Republican Brotherhood
1703:
Rome and Fenianism: The Pope's Anti-Parnellite Circular
1269:
Rutherford, Adrian; O'Hara, Victoria (2 October 2012).
182:. Mythological tales of the Fianna became known as the
1157:, History Press Ireland, 2011, p. 31, endnotes, 43,44
747:
is used as a pejorative term for those members of the
1032:. New York: Chas. P. Young Co., printers. p. 276
115:
106:
100:
1268:
642:] can't match the lambeg, you Fenian bastards".
340:, both of whom had been "out" (participating in the
309:
In 1882, a breakaway IRB faction calling itself the
127:(IRB) and their affiliate in the United States, the
1638:
Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2013.
895:
Shadow of the Brotherhood: The Temple Bar Shootings
178:—groups of legendary warrior-bands associated with
97:
1348:Fanatics!: power, identity, and fandom in football
1171:. David & Charles, Newton Abbot. p. 123.
775:and other references to the crown as "Fenians and
400:Fenian convicts escape from Fremantle in the 1876
1510:The Fenian Ideal and Irish Nationalism, 1882–1916
248:, one of the "Men of 1848" (a participant in the
3056:
1784:
983:Éire-Ireland (Irish-American Cultural Institute)
612:was criticised by Unionists and Republicans for
1601:The Fenian Chief: A Biography of James Stephens
1406:"Ajax fined £21,000 for banner at Celtic match"
835:Green, E. R. R. (October 1958). "The Fenians".
672:is used similarly in Scotland. During Scottish
260:, with Jeremiah O'Donovan (afterwards known as
1166:
2458:
1770:
1735:1865 newspaper Article describing the Fenians
839:. Vol. 8, no. 10. pp. 698–705.
759:. In a speech given at the ALP Convention in
664:(1846–1870), known as the Poet of the Fenians
538:The Fenians also exploded three bombs on the
1446:"Rann usurps Atkinson over Queen's Counsels"
949:. New York: Alfred Knopf. pp. 130–133.
3085:Paramilitary organisations based in Ireland
1749:Immigration to the United States, 1789–1930
2465:
2451:
1777:
1763:
1708:(1st ed.). London: Robert Washbourne.
1624:, The History Press Ireland, Dublin 2011,
1586:, University College Dublin Press (2007),
1228:"Orangemen and Loyalists target Catholics"
942:
735:match against Celtic on 28 November 2023.
936:
197:(such as by advocating for the rights of
1656:
1641:
1196:. Sydney: Intl Specialized Book Service.
1082:
655:
503:
413:
232:
38:
1666:(Ph.D.). New York: New York University.
1555:Fenian Fever: An Anglo-American Dilemma
1344:
1191:
892:
151:, the IRB led the republican struggle.
14:
3057:
1371:
1219:
1194:The Phantom Fenians of New South Wales
976:
485:in 1868, who had been a member of the
2446:
1758:
1698:
1634:Steward, Patrick, and Bryan McGowan.
1557:, Chatto & Windus, London, 1971,
1306:. Northern Ireland. 30 September 2012
1022:
970:
834:
708:, before its repeal in January 2018.
590:
258:Phoenix National and Literary Society
135:. In 1867, they sought to coordinate
123:) served as an umbrella term for the
3070:Pejorative terms for European people
1660:Fenianism and the Celtic Renaissance
1570:A History of Ireland Under the Union
1443:
1206:
2472:
1575:Quinlavin, Patrick, and Paul Rose,
1326:"Ibrox chant ruling goes to appeal"
1244:
1213:University of New South Wales Press
755:views similar to those who support
595:
24:
1826:Physical force Irish republicanism
1692:
1572:, Methuen & Co. (London 1952).
1209:The Fenians in Australia 1865–1880
546:which fatally injured two people.
422:was the largest engagement of the
25:
3096:
1713:
1672:Finini Mheiricea agus an Ghaeilge
1378:Scotland in the twentieth century
1225:
527:On 13 December 1867, the Fenians
1935:
1474:, Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 1985.
393:
377:
327:
93:
69:
55:
1833:Irish in the American Civil War
1699:Brady, William Maziere (1883).
1657:Thompson, Francis John (1940).
1642:Thompson, Francis John (1936).
1498:, Quartet Books (London 1976),
1437:
1419:
1398:
1365:
1338:
1318:
1290:
1262:
1200:
1185:
1160:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1105:
1076:
1062:
1044:
1016:
558:, attempted to assassinate the
217:seeking to change the existing
1487:Green, E. R. R. "The Fenians"
911:
886:
877:
852:
843:
828:
801:
738:
139:from the United States with a
13:
1:
2683:(United Society of Believers)
1745:The Fenian Movement in the US
1603:, Hely Thom LTD, Dublin, 1967
1464:
1169:London's Metropolitan Railway
3080:Irish Republican Brotherhood
2401:The Irish People (newspaper)
1788:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1512:, Boydell and Brewer, 2006,
1491:(Oct. 1958) 8#10 pp 698–705.
1484:, Anvil Books, Ireland, 1972
1444:Gout, Hendrik (9 May 2008).
794:
616:the term while attending an
549:
154:
125:Irish Republican Brotherhood
7:
2664:Great and abominable church
1891:Declaration of Independence
1670:Ui Fhlannagain, Fionnuala.
1540:, Four Courts Press, 2005,
782:
700:rivalry between Celtic and
645:
315:Chief Secretary for Ireland
10:
3101:
2426:Irish National Invincibles
2408:United Irishmen of America
2359:Emmet Monument Association
943:Montgomery, David (1967).
649:
499:
344:) in 1848. In the face of
311:Irish National Invincibles
304:Dublin Metropolitan Police
228:
207:Irish National Land League
43:Supplement given with the
29:
3029:
3004:
2970:
2944:
2937:
2910:
2892:
2874:
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2838:
2815:
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2718:
2711:
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2655:
2632:
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2548:
2539:
2481:
2417:
2394:Irish Freedom (newspaper)
2336:
2311:
2247:
2145:
2136:
2013:
1997:Irish War of Independence
1944:
1933:
1796:
1645:Francis J. Thompson Diary
814:The Canadian Encyclopedia
544:Aldersgate Street station
477:for the assassination of
409:
313:assassinated the British
306:on duty in October 1867.
211:Irish Parliamentary Party
149:Irish War of Independence
2380:Friends of Irish Freedom
2327:Francis Frederick Millen
2224:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
1983:Fenian dynamite campaign
1345:Bradley, Joseph (1998).
1192:Travers, Robert (1986).
977:Knight, Matthew (2017).
680:Celtic has its roots in
318:Lord Frederick Cavendish
2168:Edward O'Meagher Condon
2161:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke
1884:Hindu–German Conspiracy
1167:Alan A Jackson (1986).
1083:Stanford, Jane (2011).
893:Kennerk, Barry (2010).
662:John Keegan 'Leo' Casey
660:Memorial dedication to
652:Sectarianism in Glasgow
342:Young Ireland rebellion
191:political establishment
32:Fenian (disambiguation)
1861:Irish Race Conventions
1577:The Fenians in England
1431:Belfasttelegraph.co.uk
989:(3 & 4): 252–271.
923:IrishRepublicanHistory
749:Australian Labor Party
684:'s immigrant Catholic
665:
628:; Griffin referred to
606:British National Party
554:In 1868, an Irishman,
509:
494:Canadian Confederation
427:
242:
167:
48:
2430:Phoenix Park killings
2387:Irish Republican Army
2154:Thomas Francis Bourke
1957:Clerkenwell explosion
1256:TheFreeDictionary.com
1056:townshipsheritage.com
995:10.1353/eir.2017.0029
864:www.timelessmyths.com
753:Australian Republican
719:was fined €25,000 by
659:
600:In Northern Ireland,
556:Henry James O'Farrell
507:
417:
357:, and his weekly the
236:
195:Protestant Ascendancy
42:
2677:(Society of Friends)
1482:The McGarrity Papers
1351:. Psychology Press.
1240:on 11 November 2011.
1207:Amos, Keith (1988).
919:"Fenian Brotherhood"
763:on 15 October 2006,
469:A suspected Fenian,
322:Phoenix Park Murders
3065:Anti-Catholic slurs
2320:Thomas Miller Beach
2050:John O'Connor Power
1819:Irish republicanism
1496:The Bold Fenian Men
1433:. 29 November 2023.
1142:Allen Family Papers
1071:Thomas D'Arcy McGee
573:Later in 1868, the
520:, were executed in
487:Irish Confederation
483:Thomas D'Arcy McGee
203:Tenant Right League
2366:Fenian Brotherhood
2238:William R. Roberts
2210:Thomas Clarke Luby
1912:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1840:Manchester Martyrs
1725:Fenian Brotherhood
1688:(Cambridge, 2012).
666:
591:Contemporary usage
540:London Underground
518:Manchester Martyrs
510:
428:
420:Battle of Ridgeway
386:Manchester Martyrs
334:Fenian Brotherhood
273:Thomas Clarke Luby
243:
147:and the 1919–1921
145:1916 Easter Rising
129:Fenian Brotherhood
49:
3052:
3051:
3025:
3024:
2933:
2932:
2786:
2785:
2689:
2688:
2440:
2439:
2307:
2306:
2277:Seán Mac Diarmada
1684:Whelehan, Niall.
1630:978-1-84588-698-1
1592:978-1-904558-64-4
1568:O'Hegarty, P. S.
1456:on 5 August 2008.
1276:Belfast Telegraph
1098:978-1-84588-698-1
1089:The History Press
904:978-1-8563-5677-0
897:. Mercier Press.
757:Irish unification
560:Duke of Edinburgh
471:Patrick J. Whelan
452:Missisquoi County
440:Campobello Island
180:Fionn mac Cumhail
141:rising in Ireland
137:raids into Canada
16:(Redirected from
3092:
2942:
2941:
2866:Grave worshipper
2797:
2796:
2716:
2715:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2669:Latter-Day Saint
2624:Whore of Babylon
2604:Mackerel snapper
2546:
2545:
2502:
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2453:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2410:
2403:
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2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
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2322:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2143:
2142:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2085:Denis McCullough
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2036:J. F. X. O'Brien
2031:
2024:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1939:
1928:
1926:Irish Free State
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1791:
1789:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1709:
1707:
1667:
1665:
1652:
1650:
1620:Stanford, Jane.
1613:Snay, Mitchell.
1522:Kenny, Michael.
1470:Comerford, R.V.
1458:
1457:
1452:. Archived from
1441:
1435:
1434:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1334:. 18 April 2006.
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1236:. Archived from
1233:Socialist Worker
1223:
1217:
1216:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
915:
909:
908:
890:
884:
883:McGee, pp. 13–14
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
856:
850:
847:
841:
840:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
805:
769:Attorney-General
765:Michael Atkinson
733:Champions League
731:supporters at a
686:Irish population
596:Northern Ireland
562:, second son of
473:, was hanged in
448:Southern Ontario
397:
381:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
73:
59:
21:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3021:
3000:
2966:
2929:
2906:
2888:
2870:
2852:
2834:
2811:
2782:
2766:
2757:Self-hating Jew
2745:
2707:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2666:
2651:
2628:
2575:
2535:
2496:
2477:
2471:
2441:
2436:
2424:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2303:
2298:Joseph Plunkett
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2138:
2132:
2127:Richard Mulcahy
2125:
2120:Michael Collins
2118:
2113:Patrick Moylett
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2071:John Mulholland
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2043:Charles Kickham
2041:
2034:
2029:Thomas J. Kelly
2027:
2020:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1951:
1940:
1931:
1924:
1919:Irish Civil War
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1716:
1695:
1693:Further reading
1663:
1648:
1608:Fenian Memories
1579:(London, 1982).
1467:
1462:
1461:
1442:
1438:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1343:
1339:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1267:
1263:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1224:
1220:
1205:
1201:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1165:
1161:
1153:Jane Stanford,
1152:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1117:www.ibiblio.org
1111:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1063:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
975:
971:
961:
959:
957:
941:
937:
927:
925:
917:
916:
912:
905:
891:
887:
882:
878:
868:
866:
858:
857:
853:
848:
844:
833:
829:
819:
817:
807:
806:
802:
797:
785:
773:Queen's Counsel
751:(ALP) who have
741:
725:Amsterdam Arena
654:
648:
618:Ulster Covenant
598:
593:
552:
502:
412:
405:
398:
389:
382:
330:
281:Charles Kickham
262:O'Donovan Rossa
231:
176:Irish mythology
157:
96:
92:
83:
82:
81:
80:
79:
74:
66:
65:
60:
47:of October 1883
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2589:Creeping Jesus
2585:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2373:Fianna Éireann
2369:
2362:
2355:
2352:Cumann na mBan
2348:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2291:Patrick Pearse
2287:
2284:Diarmuid Lynch
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2203:Michael Doheny
2199:
2192:
2185:
2182:Michael Davitt
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2147:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2022:James Stephens
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1969:Catalpa rescue
1965:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1898:Irish Republic
1894:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1868:Obstructionism
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1715:
1714:External links
1712:
1711:
1710:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1668:
1654:
1639:
1632:
1618:
1611:
1606:Ryan, Mark F.
1604:
1594:
1582:Ramón, Marta.
1580:
1573:
1566:
1548:
1534:
1520:
1506:
1492:
1485:
1475:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1436:
1418:
1397:
1388:978-0748608393
1387:
1364:
1358:978-0415181037
1357:
1337:
1317:
1289:
1261:
1243:
1226:Croft, Hazel.
1218:
1199:
1184:
1177:
1159:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1104:
1097:
1091:. p. 33.
1075:
1061:
1043:
1015:
969:
956:978-0252008696
955:
935:
910:
903:
885:
876:
851:
842:
827:
799:
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
784:
781:
743:In Australia,
740:
737:
647:
644:
632:, saying "the
597:
594:
592:
589:
564:Queen Victoria
551:
548:
501:
498:
489:in the 1840s.
479:Irish Canadian
411:
408:
407:
406:
402:Catalpa rescue
399:
392:
390:
383:
376:
369:James Stephens
359:Irish Republic
338:Michael Doheny
329:
326:
246:James Stephens
230:
227:
223:United Kingdom
215:trade unionism
199:tenant farmers
156:
153:
133:Irish Republic
77:James Stephens
75:
68:
67:
61:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
45:Weekly Freeman
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3097:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2938:Non-believers
2936:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2681:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2270:Bulmer Hobson
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2256:Éamonn Ceannt
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:John O'Mahony
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:Timothy Deasy
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:Seamus Deakin
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1990:Easter Rising
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:Fenian Rising
1950:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:New Departure
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:Young Ireland
1802:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1704:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1597:Ryan, Desmond
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:0-7011-1749-4
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:Ó Broin, Leon
1549:
1547:
1546:1-85182-972-5
1543:
1539:
1536:McGee, Owen.
1535:
1533:
1532:0-946172-42-0
1529:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1518:1-84383-445-6
1515:
1511:
1508:Kelly, M. J.
1507:
1505:
1504:0-7043-3096-2
1501:
1497:
1494:Kee, Robert.
1493:
1490:
1489:History Today
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1178:0-7153-8839-8
1174:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:That Irishman
1079:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
958:
952:
948:
947:
939:
924:
920:
914:
906:
900:
896:
889:
880:
865:
861:
855:
846:
838:
837:History Today
831:
816:
815:
810:
804:
800:
790:
787:
786:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:Dundee United
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
663:
658:
653:
643:
641:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
588:
586:
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3031:Zoroastrians
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2248:20th century
2146:19th century
2106:Harry Boland
2099:Seán McGarry
2064:Neal O'Boyle
2057:John O'Leary
1961:Fenian raids
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2647:Holy Roller
2634:Protestants
2561:Jesus freak
2418:Derivatives
2092:Thomas Ashe
2004:Army Mutiny
1720:Fenians.org
1524:The Fenians
1373:Devine, Tom
1024:Devoy, John
928:26 February
869:26 February
711:The use of
678:Celtic F.C.
430:In Canada,
271:Along with
250:1848 revolt
168:Fíníneachas
3059:Categories
3005:Non-Jewish
2962:Jahiliyyah
2736:Żydokomuna
2566:Nicodemite
2541:Christians
2516:Jahiliyyah
2337:Associates
2312:Informants
2263:Tom Clarke
2196:John Devoy
2137:Prominent
2014:Presidents
1876:Fenian Ram
1465:References
1211:. Sydney:
1036:13 October
777:Bolsheviks
650:See also:
636: [
576:Hougoumont
365:John Devoy
355:David Bell
266:Skibbereen
2902:Bakriyyah
2848:Batiniyya
2840:Isma'ilis
2762:Misnagdim
2750:Reformers
2581:Catholics
2483:Buddhists
2474:Religious
2231:Pat Nally
2175:John Daly
1905:Sinn Féin
1847:Cuba Five
1812:Fenianism
1680:305144100
1008:9 October
1003:159525524
962:9 October
820:30 August
809:"Fenians"
795:Footnotes
739:Australia
690:Hibernian
668:The term
620:event at
550:Australia
533:home rule
239:Glasnevin
160:Fenianism
155:Fenianism
143:. In the
85:The word
2614:Romanist
2511:Hinayana
2490:Butprast
1976:Land War
1375:(1996).
1331:BBC News
1303:BBC News
1252:"Fenian"
1026:(1929).
860:"Fianna"
783:See also
761:Adelaide
717:AFC Ajax
698:Old Firm
674:football
646:Scotland
622:Stormont
614:tweeting
346:nativist
241:, Dublin
209:and the
3012:Shegetz
2973:Muslims
2957:Infidel
2945:General
2920:Takfiri
2912:Salafis
2830:Qadiani
2817:Ahmadis
2800:General
2792:Muslims
2778:Marrano
2771:Cryptos
2719:General
2680:Shakers
2549:General
2526:Infidel
2506:Heathen
2499:Muslims
2139:members
1945:Actions
1797:General
1450:InDaily
1411:22 July
1310:6 April
1282:6 April
702:Rangers
682:Glasgow
626:Belfast
608:leader
581:Catalpa
522:Salford
500:England
438:(i.e.,
229:Ireland
221:in the
18:Fenians
3017:Shiksa
2996:Dhimmi
2991:Zindīq
2986:Giaour
2925:Wahabi
2894:Sunnis
2884:Rafida
2825:Mirzai
2807:Mullah
2703:Malaun
2695:Hindus
2674:Quaker
2661:Mormon
2642:Fundie
2609:Papist
2599:Fenian
2556:Giaour
2494:Dhimmi
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745:Fenian
713:Fenian
670:Fenian
634:bodran
602:Fenian
585:rescue
475:Ottawa
444:Canada
442:) and
432:Fenian
410:Canada
384:Three
285:Dublin
205:, the
172:Fianna
88:Fenian
2981:Kafir
2952:Pagan
2876:Shias
2858:Sufis
2656:Other
2594:Dogan
2571:Kafir
2531:Pagan
2521:Kafir
2497:(non-
2476:slurs
1664:(PDF)
1649:(PDF)
999:S2CID
729:Lazio
460:Irish
164:Irish
3039:Gabr
2971:Non-
2731:Zhyd
2726:Kike
2712:Jews
2619:Taig
1959:and
1676:OCLC
1626:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1528:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1413:2024
1383:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1312:2016
1284:2016
1173:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1038:2020
1010:2020
964:2020
951:ISBN
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899:ISBN
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822:2019
789:Taig
721:UEFA
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