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583:." Stephens in Paris, set himself three tasks, during his seven years of exile. They were, to keep alive, pursue knowledge, and master the technique of conspiracy. At this time Paris particularly, was interwoven with a network of secret political societies. They became members of one of the most powerful of these societies and acquired the secrets of some of the ablest and "most profound masters of revolutionary science" which the nineteenth century had produced, as to the means of inviting and combining people for the purposes of successful revolution.
1965:
808:
533:. Discussing the situation, the majority of leaders favoured going into hiding until the harvests were in, and making an attempt under more favourable circumstances, however O'Brien refused adamantly. It was decided then that Dillon, Doheny, Meagher and O'Mahony would try to rally the various districts while O'Brien would hold on where he was. While present at the council, Stephens did not offer his opinions, due to his "youthful modesty", according to Ramón, citing Stephens' personal recollections.
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820:. Ryan had an informer within the offices of the Irish People named Pierce Nagle, he supplied Ryan with an "action this year" message on its way to the IRB unit in Tipperary. With this information, Ryan raided the offices of the Irish People on Thursday 15 September, followed by the arrests of O'Leary, Luby and O'Donovan Rossa. Kickham was caught after a month on the run. Stephens was arrested on 11 November 1965 but was less in
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34:
792:
Inspection, and a
Committee of Appeal and Judgment, the functions of which Committee will be made known to each member of them by the Executive. Trusting to the patriotism and ability of the Executive, I fully endorse their action beforehand, and call on every man in our ranks to support and be guided by them in all that concerns our military brotherhood.
411:, leadership of the Confederation fell to William Smith O'Brien. O'Brien arrived in Kilkenny on 24 July 1848 to call on the people to confront "the perils and the honours of a righteous war." The next day, at a meeting of the Confederate clubs, Stephens was called upon to appear on the platform by his friends where he then delivered his maiden speech;
517:
muskets. As the dragoons approached the barricade
Stephens levelled his rifle at their commander a Captain Longmore, as Dillon mounted the barricade and asked if they were there to arrest O'Brien. When Captain Longmore answered that they had no warrant for O'Brien, they were led thorough the barricade and allowed to go through the town.
283:, on 26 January 1825 and spent his childhood there. No birth records have ever been located, but a baptismal record from St. Mary's Parish is dated 29 July 1825. According to Marta Ramón, there is reason to believe that he was born out of wedlock in late July 1825; however, according to Stephens his exact date of birth was 26 January.
655:£100 a month for the first three months. Denieffe returned on 17 March 1858 with the acceptance of Stephens' terms and £80. Denieffe also reported that there was no actual organised body of sympathizers in New York but merely a loose knot of associates. This disturbed Stephens but he went ahead regardless and that evening,
87:
516:
On Friday 28 July, while in
Killenaule, news reached them that a party of dragoons were on their way to arrest O'Brien, which resulted in two barricades being erected in the main street which Stephens armed with a rifle manned along with thirty men mostly armed with pikes, pitch-forks and a couple of
422:
Later
Stephens and his father went to a private meeting in the Victoria Hotel, when a Mr. John Grace rushed in to say there was someone with a warrant for the arrest of O'Brien at the Rose Inn. A Mr. Kavanagh who was present at the meeting asked who would come with him to take the detective prisoner,
302:
Little is known of
Stephens's mother and according to Ryan, it is possible he had no memory of her. Only briefly does Stephens mention her in his writings, although her name appears on Stephens' marriage certificate in 1863. His mother's people, the Caseys, were shopkeepers; one account says they ran
703:
Stephens succeeded in his mission to
America, though, according to Ryan, Stephens omits this fact from his diary. It is, he says, only by the definite assertions of John O'Leary that we know of this success, overcoming the many obstacles placed in his way including the Directory and the '48 leaders.
552:
On coming closer to the town, Trant observed the barricades and a party of rebels prepared to meet them, with a multitude approaching them from all sides. Moving forward Trant then turned his men right and spotting an isolated house on the top of a hill rushed to the building and took refuge inside.
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was brought from London to take charge in the role of Editor. Shortly after the establishment of the paper, Stephens departed on an
America tour and to attend to organizational matters. Before leaving, he entrusted to Luby a document containing secret resolutions on the Committee of Organization or
671:
I, AB., do solemnly swear, in the presence of
Almighty God, that I will do my utmost, at every risk, while life lasts, to make Ireland an independent Democratic Republic; that I will yield implicit obedience, in all things not contrary to the law of God to the commands of my superior officers; and
416:
Friends, you are called upon by a proclamation of the
British Executive to surrender such arms as you may have in your possession, and you are threatened with all the pains and penalties of the law from retaining them after tomorrow's sunset. Now, my deliberate advice to you is this. Treasure your
1409:
It has been suggested, notably by O'Donovan Rossa, that the original name for the organisation was the Irish
Revolutionary Brotherhood, this is a view shared by Joseph Denieffe in his memoir. It also appears in correspondences of the Fenian Leaders, Devoy's Post Bag being another example. What is
654:
On 23 December, Stephens dispatched Joseph Denieffe to America with his reply which was disguised as a business letter, and dated and addressed from Paris. In his reply Stephens outlined his conditions and his requirements from the organisation in America. Stephens demanded uncontrolled power and
650:
In the autumn of 1857, a messenger, Owen Considine arrived from New York with a message for Stephens from members of the Emmet Monument Association, calling on him to get up an organisation in Ireland. Considine also carried a private letter from O'Mahony to Stephens which was a warning as to the
307:
activities in England in 1867. During Stephens' second exile in Paris, he would spend much time with the Caseys, who emigrated to France after the trial of Joseph. Stephens would be expelled from France on 12 March 1885 because of a series of press interviews given by Patrick Casey advocating the
311:
Because his father was intent on giving his son the best education his means would allow, Stephens was registered as a day pupil at St. Kieran's college for at least one quarter in 1838. Prior to this, he had attended St. Kieran's school beside his home, before the school moved to College Road.
1329:
While in London, Stephens had doubts as to weather Ireland was yet ripe for his plans. He posed himself two questions, and only in Ireland could he obtain the answers, the first being: was a new uprising even conceivable and had the time come for a secret revolutionary organization under his
476:
and James Cantwell. It was here that Kavanagh decided that insurrection was hopeless and left, and according to Ramón, Stephens "took the most fateful decision of his life and resolved to stay." Stephens and O'Donoghue said they would follow O'Brien to the end according to Ryan. Stephens was
791:
I hereby appoint Thomas Clarke Luby, John O'Leary and Charles J. Kickham, a Committee of Organization or Executive, with the same supreme control over the Home Organization (Ireland, England, Scotland, etc.) I have exercised myself. I further empower them to appoint a Committee of Military
342:
Confederation, however, was of "sterner stuff,” and he was better inclined towards them. His father also was a strong sympathiser and was moderately active in local politics. The Kilkenny Irish Confederation club would later lend some economic assistance to Stephens during his Paris exile.
290:
Casey), he had five brothers and sisters: Walter, John, Francis, who died when James was ten, Harriet, who had died by July 1848, and Anne, who died just after his flight into exile, as did his father. By 1856, Stephens’ remaining family had vanished without a trace, according to Ramón.
427:
a member of the Confederate council with a message for O'Brien. Until his identity could be established, it was decided he would be brought to O'Brien with the clear warning that if he was who he said he was he would forgive their zeal, if however he tried to escape he would be shot.
597:
Stephens in early 1856 began making his way back to Ireland, stopping first in London. On arriving in Dublin, Stephens began what he described as his three thousand mile walk through Ireland, meeting some of those who had taken part in the 1848 /49 revolutionary movements, including
524:
two miles outside town. During the night they were joined by a number of the Young Ireland leaders who had been trying to co-ordinate their efforts unsuccessfully. They held a council of war at the local inn, with fourteen members present, including Stephens and joined by both
315:
An omnivorous reader, Stephens, according to Ryan, was a silent and aloof student with a thirst for knowledge, a characteristic throughout his life. Aged 20, Stephens was apprenticed to a civil engineer and obtained a post in a Kilkenny office for work then in progress on the
326:
According to Ryan, for an unexplained reason, Stephens had already become a "revolutionary in spirit" by his mid twenties. The one influence he mentions in this period was that of Dr. Robert Cane a former Mayor of Kilkenny, a cultural propagandist, and a moderate
294:
For many years, his father had been a clerk to auctioneer and bookseller William Jackson Douglas whose offices and warehouses were on High Street, Kilkenny. Ryan has the order of the name as William Douglas Jackson, of Rose Inn Street, in his Stephens' biography
764:
In mid-1863, Stephens informed his colleagues he wished to start a newspaper, with financial aid from O'Mahony and the Fenian Brotherhood in America. The offices were established at 12 Parliament Street, almost at the gates of Dublin Castle. The first number of
366:'s mild constitutionalism. This would come to a head with the revolutions sweeping Europe from the Paris barricades of February 1848. According to Ryan, Stephens was caught up in these impulses and added secret drilling to his work of railway construction.
712:
While in America, Stephens kept a diary, which opens with the date 7 January 1859, three months after his arrival and, with the last entry on 25 March 1860. The original copy of the diary is now kept in the Public Records Office in Northern Ireland.
784:
Executive of the IRB. Though Luby intimated its existence to O'Leary, he did not inform Kickham as there seemed no necessity. This document would later form the basis of the prosecution against the staff of the Irish People. The document read:
299:. John Stephens, as well as his earnings as a clerk, also had some small property in Kilkenny; records show him as occupier of 13 Evan's Lane, St. Mary's Parish and 22 Chapel Lane, St. Canice's Parish, his residence at the time of the rising.
548:
when Kavanagh arrived. It was decided after a short discussion that they would stay and confront the police. A barricade was quickly thrown up, and Stephens was placed in a house with a number of armed men overlooking this barricade.
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The original oath, with its clauses of secrecy was drawn up by Luby under Stephens' direction in Stephens' room in Donnelly's which was situated behind Lombard Street. Luby then swore Stephens in and he did likewise. The oath read:
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condition of the organisation in New York, which was overseen by Luby and Stephens at the time. Both had believed that there was a strong organisation behind the letter, only later to find it was a number of loosely linked groups.
303:
a small hardware business. In April 1846 James and his sister, Anne, became sponsors to their cousin, Joseph Casey, at his baptism in St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny. Joseph Casey would later be acquitted of charges of suspected
278:
References to his early life, according to one of his biographers, Desmond Ryan, are obscure and limited to Stephens' own vague autobiographical recollections. James Stephens was born at Lilac Cottage, Blackmill Street,
501:. It was in Mullinahone that they had their first confrontation with the authorities, a somewhat "tragicomic" affair displaying both "moral integrity and revolutionary naivety." On Thursday 27 July they moved towards
815:
On 15 July 1865, American-made plans for a rising in Ireland were discovered when the emissary lost them at Kingstown railway station. They found their way to Dublin Castle and to Superintendent Daniel Ryan head of
553:
The house belonged to a widow, Margaret McCormack; while out of the house at the time, she had left her five children there. Taking the children hostage, the police quickly began to barricade the windows and doors.
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which Stephens agreed to do. This would be the last time Stephens would ever see his father again. Having gone to get some arms, the two men went to the Inn and detained the individual. It later turned out to be
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to William Smith O'Brien on the spot, later Doheny would write, "when they expected that every man would make a fortress in his heart, they were almost abandoned, but their resolution remained unchanged."
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they were observed by John Kavanagh president of one of the Dublin clubs. Borrowing a horse he rode off to warn O'Brien of their approach. The leaders at this time had just agreed to move on
323:
Stephens was in a romantic relationship with a young lady, Miss Hilton, at this time, although she did not share his nationalist sentiments. This relationship ended shortly after the rising.
700:
Stephens arrived in New York on Wednesday 13 October 1858. After a trying voyage, he went first to the Metropolitan Hotel to recuperate before going to meet Doheny and O'Mahony.
457:
clubs to create a diversion. Stephens and O'Donoghue agreed to take charge of the Thurles line, later passing the order on to the local Confederates, who destroyed parts of the
704:
According to Ryan, Stephens would bind in Ireland and America for nearly a decade, warring and ineffective elements, into a formidable political and revolutionary force.
230:, and the founding member of an originally unnamed revolutionary organisation in Dublin. This organisation, founded on 17 March 1858, was later to become known as the
579:
went to the Continent to avoid arrest. In Paris they supported themselves through teaching and translation work and planned the next stage of "the fight to overthrow
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The only written accounts of Stephens political opinions prior to 1848 are the letters he wrote just after the insurrection and his recollections published in the
1804:
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on 19 August with the intention of throwing the authorities off his trail. He fled Ireland and escaped to France where he remained for the next seven years.
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Stephens and O'Leary buried side by side. A Panel on the Celtic cross reads: "A day, an hour of virtuous liberty is worth a whole eternity in bondage."
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Those present in Langan's, lathe-maker and timber merchant, 16 Lombard Street for that first meeting apart from Stephens and Luby were Peter Langan,
541:
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1311:"until Ireland a nation can build him a tomb," therefore, the work of the Association presupposed the freedom of Ireland as a necessary preliminary.
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that I shall preserve inviolable secrecy regarding all the transactions of this secret society that may be confided in me. So help me God! Amen.
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certain is that it became the Irish Republican Brotherhood and it lasted in Ireland and among Irish exiles all over the world under that name.
891:
was on Blackmill St. near St. Mary's Cathedral. The house still stands today and a plaque displayed on it marks the house as his birthplace.
540:
Sub-Inspector Thomas Trant received an order from Purefoy Poe, J.P. to proceed to the Commons. As Trant's force of 46 men passed through
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a leading member of the Young Irelanders who vouched for O'Donoghue. Smith, who would later successfully plan the escape of Mitchel from
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As a young man, Stephens had declined to affiliate with any political organisation. He distrusted the conciliatory Repealers of the
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Following this event, Stephens, along with the others involved, was a wanted man. Reports of his death were published in the
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Leaving Killenaule, they carried on towards Ballingarry, conducting drilling exercises at the collieries before moving on to
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James Stephens GAA Club founded 1887 in Kilkenny city (commonly referred to as "The Village") are named in his honour
453:, was on his way to Dublin to arrange plans to tear up the railway line in Thurles and the Dublin suburbs and for the
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Stephens made his escape with the support of Fenian prison warders John J. Breslin and Daniel Byrne inside and
350:; the Repeal movement was in decline, and the country moved towards insurrection, aided by the incitements of
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of Fenian prisoners in the British penal colony of Western Australia. Daniel Byrne escaped to France.
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arms as you would the apples of your eyes, and bury them safely with the hope of a happy resurrection.
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2010:
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Wanted poster from January 1866 offering £1,000 for information leading to the capture of Stephens
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and after his funeral on 31 March he was brought to Glasnevin cemetery. His pall bearers were
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358:. Stephens sympathies lay more with the Mitchel and Lalor brand of republicanism, than with
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and arrived there between ten and eleven o'clock on 26 July and proceeded to the home of
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26 January date of birth was given by Stephens himself in a letter to his wife. '‘Cite
879:, C. G. Doran, Michael Lambert, William Brophy and William Hickey – all '67 veterans.
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appeared on 28 November 1863. The staff of the paper along with Kickham were Luby and
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680:, Joseph Denieffe and Garrett O'Shaughnessy. Later it would include members of the
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were amongst those who founded the Irish Republican Brotherhood alongside Stephens
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1432:, he spells the name "Deneefe" though this is incorrect, cite O'Leary, pg.82
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are named after Stephens, and their grounds are named James Stephens Park.
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had charge of the business office, with John Haltigan being the printer.
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Fenian Fire: The British Government Plot to Assassinate Queen Victoria,
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is named in honour of Stephens and is the headquarters of the Stephens
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and others outside. Breslin would go on to play a leading part in the
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1718:, Edited by T.F. O'Sullivan, M. H. Gill & Son, LTD, Dublin, 1945
2003:
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Irish Rebel: John Devoy and America's Fight for Ireland's Freedpm
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936:"A provisional dictator: James Stephens and the Fenian movement"
33:
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A Provisional Dictator: James Stephens and the Fenian Movement
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A Provisional Dictator James Stephens and the Fenian Movement
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school, describing the Repeal agitator as "a wind-bag"; the
308:"dynamite war," which Stephens had repudiated consistently.
1726:
A Personal Narrative of the Irish Revolutionary Brotherhood
407:, Australia) by a packed jury under the purposely enacted
1378:
A full copy of the letter is available in Desmond Ryan's
1698:, Downey & Co. Ltd, London, 1896 (Vol. I & II)
1307:
According to tradition, no monument can be erected to
1779:, Young Ireland and 1848, Cork University Press 1949
1400:
Ryan. Desmond, pg.90-1, Ó Broin, pg.1, Cronin, pg.11
1198:
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1736:
Revolutionary Woman: My Fight for Ireland's Freedom
1600:"James Stephens – Kilkenny Archaeological Society"
472:. There they found with some difficulty, O'Brien,
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586:In 1853 O'Mahony went to America and founded the
378:newspaper beginning on 4 February 1882, and his “
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1812:
1728:, Irish University Press (1969), SBN 7165 0044 2
1671:The Fenian Chief: A Biography of James Stephens
955:
824:prison less than two weeks before his escape.
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1798:
493:where for the first time Stephens would meet
272:were influential on Stephens' political views
99:President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood
775:as the editorial staff. O'Donovan Rossa and
464:Stephens, O'Donoghue and Kavanagh headed to
2828:Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood
380:Notes on a 3,000 miles walk through Ireland
346:Ireland in the 1840s was devastated by the
19:For other people named James Stephens, see
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1805:
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1766:, University College Dublin Press (2007),
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226:; 26 January 1825 – 29 March 1901) was an
197:, teacher, translator, newspaper publisher
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445:to meet up with O'Brien they came across
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1202:Ryan. Desmond, pg.12–13, Ramón, pg.32–33
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497:who would become a future leader of the
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58:of all important aspects of the article.
1678:Fenian Fever: An Anglo-American Dilemma
1483:
1244:
1232:
1069:
1067:
205:"Seabhach Siulach" (the Wandering Hawk)
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2742:Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act 1848
1696:Recollections of Fenians and Fenianism
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1048:
1026:: Ramón page 257, Ryan. Desmond, pg. 1
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536:On the morning of Saturday 29 July in
111:17 March 1858 – December 1866
54:Please consider expanding the lead to
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1786:
1680:, Chatto & Windus, London, 1971,
1628:2007 University College Dublin Press
757:, staff at the Irish people newspaper
682:Phoenix National and Literary Society
485:From Cashel they then headed towards
1606:from the original on 20 October 2020
1163:Ryan. Desmond, pg. 3–4, Ramón, pg.28
1109:Ryan. Desmond, pg. 1–2, Ramón, pg.27
1064:
1015:Ryan. Desmond, pg. 1–2, Ramón, pg.25
852:Plaque on Stephens' childhood home,
734:A portrait of a middle-aged Stephens
27:
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1706:Rossa's Recollections, 1838 to 1898
988:from the original on 31 August 2021
716:
286:The son of John and Anne Stephens (
13:
1854:Physical force Irish republicanism
1211:Ryan. Desmond, pg.16, Ramón, pg.33
1190:Ryan. Desmond, pg.11, Ramón, pg.30
1136:Ryan. Desmond, pg. 2, Ramón, pg.27
867:Stephens died on 29 March 1901 in
592:
459:Great Southern and Western Railway
14:
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2500:
1569:. St. Martins Press. p. 51.
399:With John Mitchel transported to
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1963:
1356:, James Roche and Oliver Byrne.
1330:leadership. cite O'Leary pg.57-8
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1861:Irish in the American Civil War
1738:, O'Brien Press, Dublin, 1997,
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46:may be too short to adequately
21:James Stephens (disambiguation)
2838:Politicians from Dublin (city)
2833:Engineers from County Kilkenny
1752:Harper Collins, London, 2002,
1298:Ryan. Desmond, pp. 43 & 48
1039:
1030:
1018:
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1000:
949:
924:
684:, which was formed in 1856 by
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318:Limerick and Waterford Railway
56:provide an accessible overview
1:
2823:Burials at Glasnevin Cemetery
1673:, Hely Thom Ltd, Dublin, 1967
1348:the name of the members were
917:
237:
2818:19th-century Irish engineers
2580:Irish Republican Brotherhood
2429:The Irish People (newspaper)
1816:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1708:, Mariner"s Harbor, NY, 1898
1656:, Anvil Books, Ireland, 1972
661:Irish Republican Brotherhood
499:Irish Republican Brotherhood
232:Irish Republican Brotherhood
7:
2843:People from Kilkenny (city)
1919:Declaration of Independence
10:
2859:
2454:Irish National Invincibles
2436:United Irishmen of America
2387:Emmet Monument Association
1643:
695:
588:Emmet Monument Association
568:After the collapse of the
505:where they were joined by
18:
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2508:
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2422:Irish Freedom (newspaper)
2364:
2339:
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2025:Irish War of Independence
1972:
1961:
1824:
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209:
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2408:Friends of Irish Freedom
2355:Francis Frederick Millen
2252:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
2011:Fenian dynamite campaign
1702:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
1663:, The Kerryman Ltd. 1945
956:Ó Riain, Deasún (1958).
843:
686:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
2747:Treason Felony Act 1848
2565:Young Ireland rebellion
2196:Edward O'Meagher Condon
2189:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke
1912:Hindu–German Conspiracy
1480:Ryan. Desmond, pg.105-6
909:Ballina Stephenites GAA
581:British rule in Ireland
507:Terence Bellew MacManus
436:Terence Bellew MacManus
16:Irish rebel (1825–1901)
2666:Thomas Francis Meagher
1889:Irish Race Conventions
1565:Golway, Terry (1998).
1127:Ryan. Desmond, pg. 2–3
864:
856:
812:
803:Arrest and suppression
800:
674:
531:Thomas Francis Meagher
438:
420:
396:
370:Young Ireland and 1848
223:
2676:William Smith O'Brien
2458:Phoenix Park killings
2415:Irish Republican Army
2182:Thomas Francis Bourke
1985:Clerkenwell explosion
1519:O'Leary Vol. 1, p.246
1510:Ryan. Desmond, pp.187
1501:Ryan. Desmond, pg.107
1492:Ryan. Desmond, pg.106
1471:Ryan. Desmond, pg.104
1430:Fenians and Fenianism
958:"Séamus Mac Stiofáin"
883:Honours and memorials
862:
851:
810:
786:
773:Denis Dowling Mulcahy
747:Denis Dowling Mulcahy
669:
434:
413:
394:William Smith O'Brien
392:
386:from 6 October 1883.
364:William Smith O'Brien
2681:Kevin Izod O'Doherty
2570:Penal transportation
1654:The McGarrity Papers
1546:Ryan. Desmond, p.195
1537:Ryan. Desmond, p.191
1369:Ryan Desmond, pg. 87
1339:Ryan. Desmond, pg.58
1229:Ryan. Desmond, pg.18
1220:Ryan. Desmond, pg.16
1091:Ryan. Desmond, pg. 2
1073:Ryan. Desmond, pg. 1
903:3 Infantry Battalion
794:9 March 1864, Dublin
461:line near the town.
2716:Patrick James Smyth
2706:Thomas Devin Reilly
2651:Thomas D'Arcy McGee
2626:Charles Gavan Duffy
2554:A Nation Once Again
2548:Revolutions of 1848
2538:Irish Confederation
2533:Irish republicanism
2348:Thomas Miller Beach
2078:John O'Connor Power
1847:Irish republicanism
610:Founding of the IRB
382:” published in the
360:Charles Gavan Duffy
224:Séamus Mac Stiofáin
2767:Ireland portal
2686:Patrick O'Donoghue
2641:James Fintan Lalor
2516:Repeal Association
2394:Fenian Brotherhood
2266:William R. Roberts
2238:Thomas Clarke Luby
1940:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1868:Manchester Martyrs
1748:Christy Campbell,
1659:T. F. O'Sullivan,
1428:In John O'Leary's
1280:O'Sullivan, pg.336
996:– via JSTOR.
865:
857:
822:Richmond Bridewell
813:
751:Thomas Clarke Luby
638:Thomas Clarke Luby
606:and Peter Langan.
604:Thomas Clarke Luby
558:Kilkenny Moderator
509:who had come from
495:Charles J. Kickham
489:before making for
439:
425:Patrick O'Donoghue
409:Treason Felony Act
397:
356:James Fintan Lalor
270:James Fintan Lalor
185:Glasnevin Cemetery
2795:
2794:
2616:John Blake Dillon
2575:Van Diemen's Land
2528:Irish nationalism
2468:
2467:
2335:
2334:
2305:Seán Mac Diarmada
1772:978-1-904558-64-4
1634:978-1-904558-64-4
895:Stephens Barracks
869:Blackrock, Dublin
657:St. Patrick's Day
474:John Blake Dillon
451:Van Diemen's Land
401:Van Diemen's Land
213:
212:
73:
72:
2850:
2785:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2691:Richard O'Gorman
2656:Terence MacManus
2495:
2488:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
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2113:Denis McCullough
2108:
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2094:
2087:
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2073:
2066:
2064:J. F. X. O'Brien
2059:
2052:
2034:
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2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1967:
1956:
1954:Irish Free State
1949:
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1935:
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1863:
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1793:
1784:
1783:
1712:Dr. Mark F. Ryan
1637:
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1611:
1596:
1590:
1589:Ó Broin, pg.26-7
1587:
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1556:
1555:Campbell, p.58-9
1553:
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1172:Ramón, pg.27-257
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974:10.2307/20550444
953:
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946:
944:
942:
928:
873:James Bermingham
768:The Irish People
743:
731:
718:The Irish People
631:
622:
259:
250:
228:Irish Republican
166:
147:January 26, 1825
146:
144:
132:Personal details
118:
109:
89:
75:
74:
68:
65:
59:
36:
28:
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2730:
2584:
2560:Irish tricolour
2504:
2499:
2469:
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2452:
2441:
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2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
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2326:Joseph Plunkett
2324:
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2166:
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2155:Richard Mulcahy
2153:
2148:Michael Collins
2146:
2141:Patrick Moylett
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2099:John Mulholland
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2071:Charles Kickham
2069:
2062:
2057:Thomas J. Kelly
2055:
2048:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1979:
1968:
1959:
1952:
1947:Irish Civil War
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1901:
1894:
1887:
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1859:
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1845:
1838:
1831:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1732:Kathleen Clarke
1722:Joseph Denieffe
1716:Fenian Memories
1646:
1641:
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1623:
1619:
1609:
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1194:
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1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:Ramón, pg.27–28
1144:
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762:
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732:
721:
710:
698:
678:Charles Kickham
648:
647:
646:
645:
634:
633:
632:
624:
623:
612:
595:
593:3,000-mile walk
566:
542:Nine-Mile House
522:Boulagh Commons
441:While going to
372:
329:Young Irelander
276:
275:
274:
273:
262:
261:
260:
252:
251:
240:
168:
164:
148:
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140:
122:Thomas J. Kelly
116:
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105:
80:
69:
63:
60:
53:
41:This article's
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2856:
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2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2721:James Stephens
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
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2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2621:Michael Doheny
2618:
2613:
2608:
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2518:
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2462:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2401:Fianna Éireann
2397:
2390:
2383:
2380:Cumann na mBan
2376:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2319:Patrick Pearse
2315:
2312:Diarmuid Lynch
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2231:Michael Doheny
2227:
2220:
2213:
2210:Michael Davitt
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2050:James Stephens
2045:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1997:Catalpa rescue
1993:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1926:Irish Republic
1922:
1915:
1908:
1899:
1896:Obstructionism
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1774:
1760:
1746:
1729:
1719:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1676:Leon Ó Broin,
1674:
1664:
1657:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1617:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1528:Denieffe, p.82
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1462:O'Leary, pg.84
1455:
1443:
1441:O'Leary, pg.82
1434:
1421:
1419:O’Leary, pg.82
1412:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1371:
1362:
1360:O'Leary, pg.80
1354:Michael Doheny
1341:
1332:
1322:
1313:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1063:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1017:
1008:
1006:Cronin, pg. 11
999:
948:
922:
921:
919:
916:
884:
881:
877:Michael Davitt
845:
842:
838:Catalpa rescue
829:
826:
804:
801:
777:James O'Connor
745:
738:
737:
733:
726:
725:
724:
723:
722:
720:
715:
709:
706:
697:
694:
636:
635:
626:
625:
617:
616:
615:
614:
613:
611:
608:
594:
591:
573:James Stephens
565:
562:
470:Michael Doheny
384:Weekly Freeman
371:
368:
264:
263:
254:
253:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
239:
236:
216:James Stephens
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
195:Civil engineer
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
167:(aged 76)
163:March 29, 1901
161:
157:
156:
138:
134:
133:
129:
128:
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
102:
101:
95:
94:
91:
90:
82:
81:
79:James Stephens
78:
71:
70:
64:September 2012
50:the key points
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2855:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
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2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
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2788:
2780:
2778:
2770:
2768:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:John O'Mahony
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:Maurice Leyne
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Joseph Brenan
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:Personalities
2587:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2502:Young Ireland
2496:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
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2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2398:
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2374:
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2367:
2363:
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2349:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:Bulmer Hobson
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2284:Éamonn Ceannt
2281:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2245:John O'Mahony
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:Timothy Deasy
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:Seamus Deakin
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2018:Easter Rising
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:Fenian Rising
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:New Departure
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1833:Young Ireland
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:Marta Ramón,
1761:
1759:
1758:0-00-710483-9
1755:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:0-86278-245-7
1741:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
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1697:
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2696:John O'Leary
2671:John Mitchel
2611:Thomas Davis
2596:Joseph Blake
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2543:Great Hunger
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2373:Clan na Gael
2276:20th century
2174:19th century
2134:Harry Boland
2127:Seán McGarry
2092:Neal O'Boyle
2085:John O'Leary
2049:
1989:Fenian raids
1902:
1777:Dennis Gwynn
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1692:John O'Leary
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1620:
1608:. Retrieved
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1289:Ó Broin, p.1
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1253:Ramón, pg.35
1241:Ramón, pg.34
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1036:Ramón, pg.25
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266:John Mitchel
215:
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165:(1901-03-29)
117:Succeeded by
106:
61:
45:
43:lead section
25:
2813:1901 deaths
2808:1825 births
2787:WikiProject
2711:John Savage
2661:John Martin
2636:John Kenyon
2631:Philip Gray
2606:Robert Cane
2446:Derivatives
2120:Thomas Ashe
2032:Army Mutiny
1650:Seán Cronin
798:J. STEPHENS
663:commenced.
600:Philip Gray
564:Paris exile
503:Ballingarry
491:Mullinahone
2802:Categories
2726:Jane Wilde
2522:The Nation
2365:Associates
2340:Informants
2291:Tom Clarke
2224:John Devoy
2165:Prominent
2042:Presidents
1904:Fenian Ram
1610:5 November
1576:0312181183
992:5 November
968:(6): 4–6.
932:Peter Hart
918:References
834:John Devoy
818:G Division
788:EXECUTIVE
690:Skibbereen
546:Urlingford
487:Killenaule
477:appointed
447:P.J. Smith
238:Early life
191:Occupation
143:1825-01-26
2259:Pat Nally
2203:John Daly
1933:Sinn Féin
1875:Cuba Five
1840:Fenianism
1382:pg. 89–90
511:Liverpool
336:O'Connell
320:in 1844.
234:(I.R.B).
176:, Ireland
170:Blackrock
107:In office
48:summarize
2777:Category
2004:Land War
1604:Archived
986:Archived
982:20550444
899:Kilkenny
889:Kilkenny
854:Kilkenny
405:Tasmania
376:Irishman
281:Kilkenny
202:Nickname
150:Kilkenny
2509:General
2167:members
1973:Actions
1825:General
1644:Sources
696:America
443:Thurles
362:'s and
154:Ireland
1770:
1756:
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1684:
1636:p. 246
1632:
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941:17 May
828:Escape
659:, the
538:Callan
466:Cashel
305:Fenian
978:JSTOR
844:Death
455:Meath
220:Irish
1987:and
1768:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1740:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1612:2020
1571:ISBN
1358:cite
994:2020
943:2022
753:and
640:and
575:and
529:and
354:and
268:and
160:Died
137:Born
970:doi
897:in
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288:née
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