552:
436:
544:
1219:
523:. By early March, small uprisings started around Dublin too and Kelly sent a proclamation of an Irish Republic to the press. However, these actions were sporadic and their impacts were limited. The British were quick to respond and crushed the overall rising through brute force, informers, and mass suppression. O’Sullivan Burke's promised shipment of arms from Liverpool did arrive in Ireland, but the time they had the Rising had already effectively been put down.
37:
487:, and then New York by May. By the time they arrived a split had occurred amongst the American Fenians. Stephens demanded the American Fenians provide him with the funds necessary to carry out a rebellion in Ireland, but they would not agree and ceased to work with him. This caused the Presidency of the IRB to be turned over to Kelly, who was then sent back to Ireland to take command there and lead the proposed rebellion.
834:"Annals of the Army of the Cumberland : comprising biographies, descriptions of departments, accounts of expeditions, skirmishes, and battles, also its police record of spies, smugglers and prominent rebel emissaries : together with anecdotes, incidents, poetry, reminiscences, etc. and official reports of the battle of Stone River"
467:, a Fenian run newspaper and its staff. This deprived the IRB of most of its American advisors in Ireland, with the exception of Kelly and William G. Halpin. Halpin was a fellow Irishman who had also settled in Ohio and had also served in the Union Army, and together the two sat on the IRB's "Military Council". Following the bust-up of
475:, would see the IRB attempt to capture important military targets in and around Dublin City using local recruits and deserters from the British garrison. Kelly did not favour this plan as he felt the IRB did not have enough access to weaponry, although Kelly hoped to secure more arms from Liverpool having sent
418:
from his duties. On 30 April 1863, Kelly was administratively transferred, on the books of the 10th Ohio from
Company "C" to Company "I", while continuing to serve at XIV Corps Headquarters. General Thomas's need for Kelly's services was trumped by a new Army regulation requiring that all officers of the
417:
on 17 March 1863, becoming Chief Signal
Officer. During this period his regimental commander requested his reassignment back to the 10th Ohio, in order that he might take command of one of the regiment's manoeuvre battalions. General Thomas refused the request, writing that he could not spare Kelly
451:
quickly dispatched him to
Ireland in April 1865 to inspect the military capability of the IRB there. Kelly's valuable reports back to HQ led the IRB to "promote" Kelly to Colonel within the IRB. Kelly's authority continued to grow when, on 24 November 1865, he was able to arrange the rescue of IRB
394:, 10 September 1861, he volunteered to return to duty before the end of the year. Part of his jaw and three teeth were destroyed by a bullet that lodged in the muscles of the left side of his neck, from which it was removed surgically. It has been suggested that the
479:
there to acquire them. The second plan was Halpin's, who proposed a general rebellion across the country. As Halpin had outranked Kelly in the Union Army, his plan gained traction within the IRB without necessarily receiving an official endorsement.
530:
and considered forming a new supreme council which would continue to act as a "Provisional
Government-in-exile". Both the idea of proclaiming an Irish Republic and forming provisional governments would be influential upon later proponents of
716:
601:
In 1869 Kelly married
Catharine Gillogly, a native of Ohio with whom he had five children. Catharine died in 1891, and Kelly would go on to marry her sick nurse Anna Dunne in 1891, with whom he had two further daughters.
422:
have university degrees by the following
February. This being the case (although too late for battalion command), Kelly again requested transfer back to his regiment. On 19 August 1863 he was ordered to return to the
378:, and enlisted with them for its initial three months, and then re-enlisted for an additional three years. He served in Company "C", where his military knowledge and ability was soon recognized and he was promoted to
994:
593:
Following Kelly's return to New York, he continued to associate with the Irish
Republican Brotherhood but did not seek the same prominence he once had. In 1871, he was secretary to the committee which welcomed the
570:. Though they gave their names as Martin Williams and John Whyte, they were soon identified and charged with more serious offences. Seven days later, Kelly and Deasy were being transferred from the
331:
on 27 March 1851, where he worked as a printer, and joined the
Printer's Union in New York City. He joined the National Guard in New York and received basic military training. He later joined the
801:
609:. After his death, the New York State Senate posthumously awarded him a Liberty Medal, its highest honour, in recognition of his past work for the US armed services.
1744:
535:. Although the Provisional government idea was not truly acted upon, Kelly was formally recognised as the President of the IRB and successor of James Stephens.
1058:
1769:
1774:
1749:
582:, was killed, but Kelly and Deasy managed to escape. Three men arrested in connection with the attack were later executed, and thereafter known as the
1764:
1789:
1754:
771:
624:, New York City. In 1967, on the centenary of the Fenian Rising, a commemorative plaque was placed at Kelly's ancestral home in Mountbellew.
936:
1051:
587:
1114:
308:
351:
299:, in 1833. Having received a better than average education, it was originally intended that he should become a priest and attended
562:
Kelly was wanted by the
British authorities, and for a time managed to evade capture. But on 11 September 1867, Kelly, along with
419:
1044:
616:
in New York, on 5 February 1908. He and his second wife, Anna
Frances (née Dunne) (May 1860 – September 1913) are buried in
1668:
950:
921:
526:
By July it was evident the rising had died before it ever truly started. In response, the IRB met in secret in August in
447:
and joined the movement in New York. Kelly's military experience immediately made him of value to the organisation. The
1352:
1107:
1010:
641:
453:
833:
586:. Both Kelly and Deasy escaped to the United States and were never recaptured. Kelly later obtained employment in the
55:
1682:
1172:
892:
875:
551:
460:
in Dublin. Following this, Kelly became Stephen's deputy and intermediary between Stephens and the American Fenians.
371:
303:
in Tuam. At school, he came to be influenced by his teacher Michael Joseph MacCann (1824–1883) who, in 1843, wrote "
1779:
808:
578:
on Hyde Road, Manchester, when about thirty supporters attempted to free them. During the attack, police sergeant
579:
291:
The son of a farmer and public house owner, Patrick Kelly, and Margaret Divilly, Thomas Joseph Kelly was born in
1401:
1544:
457:
17:
742:
1784:
1068:
1018:
505:. The plan was now to launch Halpin's general rebellion by March. The hope was that the IRB could launch a
444:
255:
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1165:
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779:
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as Captain, Company "I", from which he was mustered out with the rest of the 10th Ohio on 17 June 1864.
1707:
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1442:
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398:
beard, which appears in all of his pictures was grown to hide what could have been a disfiguring scar.
359:
332:
258:(IRB), a secret organisation with the objective of establishing an Irish republic independent from the
182:
519:
Within days of the raid on Chester Castle, armed skirmishes began to be carried out by Fenians across
1278:
617:
154:
362:, chose to leave Nashville for the North. In doing this, he lost his savings and printing business.
1661:
1338:
1264:
854:
613:
387:
300:
234:
516:
in England, with the objective of securing arms for the rebellion, this action had to be aborted.
1759:
1303:
1135:
414:
202:
82:
1331:
1142:
605:
Kelly was active in Union veteran circles as a member of the Alexander Hamilton Chapter of the
410:
435:
342:, where he worked as a foreman for the S. W. Publishing House. Soon afterwards he started the
1711:
1435:
1238:
406:
1739:
1734:
339:
1558:
8:
1601:
1317:
1100:
1028:
532:
402:
401:
Kelly was commissioned in January 1862, and later seconded to the staff of Major General
94:
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229:
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887:
Charles Tansill, America and the Fight For Irish Freedom 1866–1922, Head Books, 2007,
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698:
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304:
1537:
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254:(6 January 1833 – 5 February 1908) was an Irish revolutionary and leader of the
1633:
1572:
1565:
1484:
1463:
1250:
1179:
1149:
1036:
513:
383:
259:
327:, at the age of eighteen, he emigrated to New York City, arriving on the ship
1728:
1675:
1551:
1470:
1359:
1271:
1234:
1086:
931:
870:
John Ranelagh, A Short History of Ireland, Cambridge University Press, 1995,
563:
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391:
296:
263:
239:
144:
126:
645:
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1608:
1387:
1242:
506:
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122:
989:
940:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 255.
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After the end of the war, Kelly learned about the establishment of the
267:
36:
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Kelly as an older man, dressed in his Union Army officer's uniform
520:
207:
192:
1093:
502:
395:
925:
484:
794:
471:, two plans emerged within the IRB. The first, proposed by
382:. By the end of the summer of 1861 he was functioning as
598:", a group of released Fenian prisoners, to New York.
483:
In March 1866 Kelly travelled with Stephens first to
490:
745:. Archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com. 10 February 2001
715:
509:which would then be supplemented by American aid.
314:
386:of Company "C". Although shot in the jaw at the
1726:
1066:
266:. He had previously also been an officer in the
985:Carnifex Ferry Battlefield State Park's website
766:
764:
762:
760:
430:
346:, which supported the presidential campaign of
1745:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
538:
311:. This influence kindled patriotism in Kelly.
1052:
743:"RootsWeb: FENIANS-L Colonel Thomas J. Kelly"
262:. Kelly was the nominal leader of the failed
56:President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood
757:
512:On 11 February 1867 Kelly ordered a raid on
335:, an Irish-American Irish republican group.
1770:Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood
909:The Green Flag Vol. II: The Bold Fenian Men
501:By January 1867 Kelly was operating out of
413:, as a Signal Officer. He was promoted to
1059:
1045:
35:
1750:Escapees from England and Wales detention
16:For other people named Thomas Kelly, see
1765:Irish soldiers in the United States Army
550:
542:
463:In September '65 the British suppressed
439:A wanted ad for Kelly in Harper's Weekly
434:
1775:People educated at St Jarlath's College
920:
881:
696:
319:After serving an apprenticeship in the
1727:
692:
309:Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell
1790:Military personnel from County Galway
1040:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
612:Kelly died at his residence, 31 East
365:
1755:Irish emigrants to the United States
13:
1108:Physical force Irish republicanism
669:
445:Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB)
409:) of the XIV Corps, United States
370:En route to join the famous Irish
14:
1801:
978:
566:, was arrested in Manchester for
491:Leading the Fenian Rising of 1867
1217:
354:. Following the outbreak of the
1115:Irish in the American Civil War
995:Thomas J. Kelly at find a grave
960:
944:
914:
898:
864:
772:"Thomas J. Kelly (1833 - 1908)"
315:Emigration to the United States
848:
826:
802:"Nashville Business Directory"
735:
708:
697:McGee, Owen; McCabe, Desmond.
666:Unpublished Kelly family tree.
660:
634:
1:
990:10th Ohio Infantry references
702:Dictionary of Irish Biography
627:
352:Presidential election of 1860
286:
69:
42:
18:Thomas Kelly (disambiguation)
1683:The Irish People (newspaper)
1070:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1019:Irish Republican Brotherhood
861:, accessed 16 February 2008.
431:Irish Republican Brotherhood
358:, Kelly, a supporter of the
281:
256:Irish Republican Brotherhood
7:
1173:Declaration of Independence
539:Arrest and escape to the US
374:, he heard about the Irish
10:
1806:
1708:Irish National Invincibles
1690:United Irishmen of America
1641:Emmet Monument Association
607:Grand Army of the Republic
494:
333:Emmet Monument Association
274:, serving mainly with the
15:
1699:
1676:Irish Freedom (newspaper)
1618:
1593:
1529:
1427:
1418:
1295:
1279:Irish War of Independence
1226:
1215:
1078:
1025:
1015:
1007:
1002:
407:"The Rock of Chickamauga"
245:
225:
214:
198:
188:
178:
173:
165:
150:
133:
109:
104:
100:
88:
76:
61:
54:
50:
34:
27:
1662:Friends of Irish Freedom
1609:Francis Frederick Millen
1506:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
1265:Fenian dynamite campaign
855:Colonel Thomas J. Kelly
388:Battle of Carnifex Ferry
235:Battle of Carnifex Ferry
1780:People from Mountbellew
1450:Edward O'Meagher Condon
1443:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke
1166:Hindu–German Conspiracy
937:Encyclopædia Britannica
477:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke
338:In 1857, Kelly went to
143:331 East 119th Street,
68:August 1866 –
1143:Irish Race Conventions
559:
548:
440:
411:Army of the Cumberland
372:69th Infantry Regiment
1712:Phoenix Park killings
1669:Irish Republican Army
1436:Thomas Francis Bourke
1239:Clerkenwell explosion
588:New York Custom House
554:
546:
438:
301:St. Jarlath's College
264:Fenian Rising of 1867
240:Fenian Rising of 1867
951:"The Irish Refugees"
922:McNeill, Ronald John
776:www.irishfreedom.net
340:Nashville, Tennessee
1785:Union Army colonels
1602:Thomas Miller Beach
1332:John O'Connor Power
1101:Irish republicanism
722:search.ancestry.com
555:Memorial plaque in
533:Irish Republicanism
403:George Henry Thomas
278:"The Bloody 10th".
252:Thomas Joseph Kelly
169:Soldier, Journalist
1648:Fenian Brotherhood
1520:William R. Roberts
1492:Thomas Clarke Luby
1194:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1122:Manchester Martyrs
971:, 9 February 1908.
957:, 19 January 1871.
814:on 5 February 2015
699:"Kelly, Thomas J."
584:Manchester Martyrs
560:
549:
449:Fenian Brotherhood
441:
376:10th Ohio Infantry
366:American Civil War
356:American Civil War
348:Stephen A. Douglas
344:Nashville Democrat
307:", a ballad about
276:10th Ohio Infantry
272:American Civil War
230:American Civil War
219:10th Ohio Infantry
1722:
1721:
1589:
1588:
1559:Seán Mac Diarmada
1035:
1034:
1026:Succeeded by
1017:President of the
642:"Thomas J. Kelly"
618:Woodlawn Cemetery
249:
248:
221:"The Bloody 10th"
155:Woodlawn Cemetery
1797:
1715:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
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1445:
1438:
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1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1367:Denis McCullough
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1318:J. F. X. O'Brien
1313:
1306:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1221:
1210:
1208:Irish Free State
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1152:
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1117:
1110:
1103:
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1089:
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1054:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1029:J. F. X. O'Brien
1008:Preceded by
1000:
999:
972:
964:
958:
948:
942:
941:
929:
918:
912:
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868:
862:
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
830:
824:
823:
821:
819:
813:
807:. Archived from
806:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
778:. Archived from
768:
755:
754:
752:
750:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
719:
712:
706:
705:
694:
667:
664:
658:
657:
655:
653:
644:. Archived from
638:
469:The Irish People
465:The Irish People
392:Western Virginia
174:Military service
140:
119:
117:
105:Personal details
95:J. F. X. O'Brien
91:
79:
71:
66:
44:
39:
25:
24:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1706:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1585:
1580:Joseph Plunkett
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1420:
1414:
1409:Richard Mulcahy
1407:
1402:Michael Collins
1400:
1395:Patrick Moylett
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1353:John Mulholland
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1325:Charles Kickham
1323:
1316:
1311:Thomas J. Kelly
1309:
1302:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1233:
1222:
1213:
1206:
1201:Irish Civil War
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1031:
1022:
1013:
981:
976:
975:
965:
961:
949:
945:
927:"Fenians"
919:
915:
903:
899:
886:
882:
869:
865:
853:
849:
839:
837:
832:
831:
827:
817:
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811:
804:
800:
799:
795:
785:
783:
770:
769:
758:
748:
746:
741:
740:
736:
726:
724:
714:
713:
709:
695:
670:
665:
661:
651:
649:
648:on 22 July 2010
640:
639:
635:
630:
541:
499:
493:
458:Richmond Prison
433:
368:
317:
289:
284:
206:
161:, New York City
142:
138:
137:5 February 1908
121:
115:
113:
89:
77:
67:
62:
46:
30:
29:Thomas J. Kelly
21:
12:
11:
5:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1760:Irish escapees
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1655:Fianna Éireann
1651:
1644:
1637:
1634:Cumann na mBan
1630:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1573:Patrick Pearse
1569:
1566:Diarmuid Lynch
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1485:Michael Doheny
1481:
1474:
1467:
1464:Michael Davitt
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1431:
1429:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1304:James Stephens
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1251:Catalpa rescue
1247:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1180:Irish Republic
1176:
1169:
1162:
1153:
1150:Obstructionism
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1014:
1011:James Stephens
1009:
1005:
1004:
1003:Other offices
998:
997:
992:
987:
980:
979:External links
977:
974:
973:
968:New York Times
959:
955:New York Times
943:
932:Chisholm, Hugh
913:
897:
880:
863:
847:
825:
793:
782:on 3 July 2013
756:
734:
707:
668:
659:
632:
631:
629:
626:
540:
537:
514:Chester Castle
495:Main article:
492:
489:
454:James Stephens
432:
429:
425:"Bloody Tenth"
384:first sergeant
367:
364:
316:
313:
288:
285:
283:
280:
260:United Kingdom
247:
246:
243:
242:
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212:
211:
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196:
195:
190:
189:Branch/service
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
152:
148:
147:
141:(aged 75)
135:
131:
130:
120:6 January 1833
111:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
83:James Stephens
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74:
73:
59:
58:
52:
51:
48:
47:
40:
32:
31:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
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1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
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1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
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747:. Retrieved
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614:130th Street
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139:(1908-02-05)
90:Succeeded by
63:
22:
1740:1908 deaths
1735:1833 births
1700:Derivatives
1374:Thomas Ashe
1286:Army Mutiny
840:23 November
749:23 November
727:23 November
652:16 February
576:county jail
557:Mountbellew
293:Mountbellew
270:during the
123:Mountbellew
78:Preceded by
1729:Categories
1619:Associates
1594:Informants
1545:Tom Clarke
1478:John Devoy
1419:Prominent
1296:Presidents
1158:Fenian Ram
1023:1866–1867
905:Robert Kee
818:4 February
786:3 February
717:"Register"
628:References
572:courthouse
528:Manchester
473:John Devoy
452:President
329:Castillian
287:Early life
268:Union Army
179:Allegiance
166:Occupation
116:1833-01-06
1513:Pat Nally
1457:John Daly
1187:Sinn FĂ©in
1129:Cuba Five
1094:Fenianism
878:, p. 123.
622:the Bronx
596:Cuba Five
568:loitering
323:trade in
282:Biography
159:the Bronx
129:, Ireland
64:In office
1258:Land War
924:(1911).
895:, p. 38.
380:sergeant
325:Loughrea
321:printing
1421:members
1227:Actions
1079:General
934:(ed.).
911:, p. 45
574:to the
521:Munster
415:captain
405:(later
350:in the
208:Colonel
203:Captain
193:US Army
41:Kelly,
891:
874:
836:. 1863
503:London
396:goatee
930:. In
812:(PDF)
805:(PDF)
485:Paris
456:from
360:Union
210:(IRB)
183:Union
1241:and
889:ISBN
872:ISBN
842:2015
820:2015
788:2022
751:2015
729:2015
654:2008
215:Unit
199:Rank
134:Died
110:Born
72:1869
45:1865
620:in
390:in
157:in
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114:(
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