705:
392:, leading the Germans to reverse their earlier policies and imprison all pre-war socialist leadership in May 1918. Nevertheless, the changing tide of war resulted in a weakening of the German grip on the region, allowing for the re-emergence of the trade unions in the occupied territories beginning with late spring. In the meantime, in April 1918, the moderate social-democrats remaining in
339:, area still under government control, were able to gain the sympathy of the Russian soldiers present in the region as Romania's allies, which provided them with some freedom of action. The Romanian authorities however quickly reacted, imprisoning the socialist leaders
361:
300:
resulted in the southern half of the country falling under the military occupation of the
Central Powers. Paradoxically, the socialists fared somewhat better in the occupied territories, where the
1203:
1511:
1421:
1051:
17:
485:
1506:
1385:
686:
228:, the PSD was unable to attain any major electoral success. Nevertheless, it led an active campaign for better working conditions, land reform and peace.
770:
440:
397:
550:
1776:
1400:
765:
500:
420:
as the official party journal, and succeeded, in relatively short time, in re-opening party sections in the
Prahova Valley and the port towns on the
1188:
1183:
735:
664:
475:
408:. Faced with pressure from the increasingly radical working class, the government was forced to allow the Committee to function semi-legally. The
775:
170:, the party was active between 1910 and 1916, when it was banned. Clandestine groups continued underground activity until 1918, when the end of
1781:
1355:
1213:
1791:
1761:
1633:
1309:
1016:
750:
740:
465:
201:
1725:
1501:
1426:
1072:
790:
1766:
1756:
424:. Soon afterwards, the party decided to break with what it saw as the failure of the Second International by rebranding itself as the
1046:
304:, at the intervention of German social-democrats, gave them some leeway, even allowing the reopening of the Bucharest workers' club.
284:, killed in action), the party was only able to retain a clandestine activity in the main industrial centres of the country, such as
311:
led to a reactivation of the
Romanian workers' movement, and its subsequent radicalisation. The Bucharest clandestine group, led by
1572:
1562:
1279:
1198:
1107:
1102:
679:
1751:
1436:
1289:
745:
1668:
1638:
1526:
1431:
1284:
1173:
1031:
975:
810:
755:
213:
1041:
1036:
1451:
725:
412:
in
November 1918 finally allowed the PSD to emerge from clandestine activity. On November 28, the Bucharest group, headed by
1274:
1097:
730:
695:
118:
480:
1658:
1223:
1193:
1143:
1087:
881:
760:
672:
1446:
1395:
1238:
1158:
860:
720:
1693:
1688:
1486:
1375:
830:
694:
416:
and
Cristescu, organised a provisional executive committee, including both radicals and moderates, began publishing
1582:
1577:
1557:
1552:
1339:
1243:
980:
800:
1138:
1233:
936:
409:
1683:
1628:
1547:
1269:
795:
594:
1786:
1587:
1456:
1077:
995:
845:
840:
835:
579:
1026:
1476:
1334:
1314:
1021:
68:
261:. Neutral at first, by 1916 Romania's government was increasingly open to participation in the war on the
1603:
1481:
1466:
1461:
1319:
1304:
301:
1653:
1623:
1329:
1228:
1163:
1148:
1092:
911:
901:
426:
389:
297:
175:
61:
1471:
1380:
1259:
1218:
990:
931:
921:
876:
855:
850:
815:
785:
530:
1771:
1521:
1390:
1370:
1178:
1168:
985:
1663:
1299:
1112:
1678:
1531:
1496:
1491:
1441:
1360:
1117:
896:
344:
1648:
1643:
1618:
1153:
1133:
941:
916:
891:
886:
450:
262:
192:
1698:
1613:
1567:
1324:
1294:
1264:
1000:
490:
455:
312:
167:
123:
103:
8:
1730:
308:
258:
113:
820:
780:
535:
495:
460:
381:
340:
316:
281:
93:
88:
1673:
805:
584:
510:
366:
320:
250:
245:
236:
139:
1608:
445:
352:
156:
73:
1720:
370:
280:
With a significant part of the members drafted (including the general secretary,
225:
159:
926:
359:, the main centre of the Romanian refugees in Southern Russia, they created the
190:, a loose alliance of socialist clubs formed across Romania around the magazine
1405:
825:
505:
413:
293:
274:
232:
515:
1745:
1516:
265:, and decided to crack down on the socialist movement, brutally repressing a
221:
351:. As a result, most revolutionary socialists fled government persecution to
946:
273:
in June. The PSD was banned outright when the country declared war on the
1067:
906:
540:
470:
240:
204:, the latter having disbanded in April 1899 after a conflict between its
197:
171:
388:. The Bucharest committee also saluted the Revolution and condemned the
328:
249:
stance of
Western social-democratic parties. Accordingly, it proposed a
174:
allowed the party to re-emerge as a legal political group, rechristened
1365:
545:
525:
385:
348:
332:
285:
205:
77:
270:
1703:
401:
336:
266:
1082:
704:
699:
647:
Cușnir-Mihailovici, Clara; Dragne, Florea; Unc, Gheorghe (1971).
520:
254:
217:
163:
153:
81:
393:
296:. The PSD's situation further deteriorated after the disastrous
289:
224:
population, whose political power was further restricted by the
421:
356:
235:
stance led it to condemn both
Romania's participation in the
640:
Refacerea
Partidului Social-Democrat din România (1900-1910)
373:, and re-established the official party press by publishing
646:
325:
Central committee for anti-war and anti-imperialist action
212:" - "the generous ones"), which left in order to join the
390:
humiliating peace between
Romania and the Central Powers
200:
movement. The party viewed itself as a successor to the
1507:
National Italo-Romanian
Cultural and Economic Movement
1386:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
327:, also coordinating the "intimate councils" active in
631:
1918. Din istoria luptelor revoluționare din Romînia
404:, also regrouped the local party sections into the
196:, it also acted as the political wing of the local
1743:
776:Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania
257:, and, after some internal debates, joined the
660:(in Romanian). București: Editura Științifică.
642:(in Romanian). București: Editura Științifică.
147:
736:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
680:
649:Mișcarea muncitorească din România, 1916-1921
1634:Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania
1189:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)
1184:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948)
751:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
741:Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania
253:for the complicated ethnic situation in the
1502:National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party
1427:Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania
791:Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party
651:(in Romanian). București: Editura Politică.
633:(in Romanian). București: Editura Politică.
362:Romanian Social-Democratic Action Committee
687:
673:
384:, the Odessa committee rallied behind the
202:Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party
186:Founded in 1910 at the initiative of the
1777:Political parties disestablished in 1918
1558:Union of Patriots/National Popular Party
771:Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars
562:
410:armistice between Germany and the Allies
220:groups. Appealing to a relatively small
18:Federation of Romanian Socialist Parties
628:
14:
1744:
1639:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
766:Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs
756:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
658:Istoria Social-Democrației din România
637:
1782:Political parties established in 1910
1452:General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania
1310:National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu
959:
668:
655:
355:. Establishing their headquarters in
1792:Social democratic parties in Romania
1762:Defunct socialist parties in Romania
557:
144:Partidul Social Democrat din România
1659:National Liberal Ecologist Alliance
1204:Social Democratic Party of Bukovina
1194:Romanian Socialist Democratic Party
1144:Democratic National Salvation Front
1088:National Democratic Christian Party
882:Alliance for the Union of Romanians
811:Renewing Romania's European Project
24:
1017:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
433:
136:Social Democratic Party of Romania
35:Social Democratic Party of Romania
25:
1803:
1767:Defunct social democratic parties
1757:1918 disestablishments in Romania
1689:Social Democratic Pole of Romania
1376:National-Christian Defense League
1553:Ecologist Union of Romania Party
1290:Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere
1224:Social Protection People's Party
1214:Social Democratic Workers' Party
1047:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu
731:Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania
703:
1285:Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu
1234:Socialist Party of Transylvania
1174:People's Party – Dan Diaconescu
1042:National Liberal Party–Câmpeanu
1037:National Liberal Party–Brătianu
365:under the leadership of Bujor,
1752:1910 establishments in Romania
1684:Romanian Democratic Convention
1629:Democratic Group of the Centre
1487:Jewish National People's Party
1108:Progressive Conservative Party
27:Political party in Romania
13:
1:
1573:Party of Young Free Democrats
1563:National Reconstruction Party
1457:Group of Transylvanian Saxons
1340:Transylvanian Peasants' Party
1139:Communist Party (Nepeceriști)
1078:Conservative-Democratic Party
996:Romanian National Unity Party
836:Social Liberal Humanist Party
622:
1583:Republican Party (1990–1993)
1578:Republican Party (1993–2004)
1437:Democratic Union of the Roma
1022:Free and Independent Faction
976:Democratic Nationalist Party
746:Cultural Union of Ruthenians
7:
1604:Alliance for Romanian Unity
1482:Jewish Democratic Committee
1432:Cultural Union of Albanians
1270:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
960:
406:Moldavia Regional Committee
10:
1808:
1654:Justice and Truth Alliance
1624:Christian Liberal Alliance
1280:Democratic Peasants' Party
1164:Party of Social Solidarity
1149:Democratic Party of Labour
1103:People's Party (2005–2006)
1093:National Renaissance Front
726:Association of Macedonians
427:Socialist Party of Romania
226:income-based voting system
188:Socialist Union of Romania
181:
176:Socialist Party of Romania
62:Socialist Party of Romania
1726:List of political parties
1716:
1669:People's Democratic Front
1596:
1588:Transylvania–Banat League
1540:
1414:
1381:National Fascist Movement
1348:
1335:Socialist Peasants' Party
1275:Democratic Agrarian Party
1252:
1219:Socialist Party of Labour
1126:
1098:People's Party (1918–1938
1060:
1009:
991:National Union from Banat
968:
955:
932:Romanian Nationhood Party
922:National Rebirth Alliance
877:Alliance for the Homeland
869:
816:Romanian Nationhood Party
713:
531:Constantin Titel Petrescu
109:
100:International affiliation
99:
87:
67:
57:
49:
41:
32:
1527:Ukrainian Workers' Party
1522:Ukrainian National Party
1467:Hungarian People's Union
1462:Hungarian People's Party
1422:Autonomous Swabian Party
1396:National Socialist Party
1391:National Romanian Fascio
1371:National Christian Party
1305:National Peasants' Party
1199:Romanian Socialist Party
1179:Romanian Communist Party
1159:National Salvation Front
937:Romanian Socialist Party
761:Democratic Turkish Union
638:Copoiu, Nicolae (1966).
239:and, after the start of
149:Partidul Social Democrat
1694:Social Democratic Union
1330:Radical Peasants' Party
1300:National Agrarian Party
1239:Socialist Workers Party
1209:Social Democratic Party
1113:Romanian National Party
902:People's Movement Party
861:Union of the Ukrainians
831:Social Democratic Party
721:Association of Italians
656:Jurca, Nicolae (1994).
89:Political position
1679:Right Romania Alliance
1664:National Union PSD+PUR
1532:Union of Romanian Jews
1512:People's Council Party
1361:Crusade of Romanianism
1244:United Socialist Party
1032:National Liberal Party
1027:Liberal Union–Brătianu
981:Democratic Union Party
897:Nation People Together
801:National Liberal Party
345:Mihail Gheorghiu Bujor
214:National Liberal Party
148:
143:
1649:Hungarian German Bloc
1644:Green Ecologist Party
1619:Centre Right Alliance
1447:German People's Party
1169:Peasant Workers' Bloc
1134:Banat Socialist Party
942:The Right Alternative
917:Greater Romania Party
887:Greater Romania Party
563:Legislative elections
451:Mihai Gheorghiu Bujor
1787:Second International
1699:Social Liberal Union
1614:Centre Left Alliance
1568:Party of Free Change
1320:Peasants' Party–Lupu
1295:League Against Usury
1265:Agrarian Union Party
1083:Constitutional Party
1001:United Romania Party
629:Liveanu, V. (1960).
456:Alecu Constantinescu
347:, and assassinating
313:Alecu Constantinescu
168:Second International
104:Second International
1731:Politics of Romania
1548:Ecological Movement
796:League of Albanians
486:Theodor Iordăchescu
309:February Revolution
259:Zimmerwald movement
251:federalist solution
114:Politics of Romania
1073:Conservative Party
870:Extraparliamentary
846:Union of Croatians
841:Union of Armenians
821:Save Romania Union
781:Force of the Right
536:Christian Rakovsky
496:Dimitrie Marinescu
461:Gheorghe Cristescu
382:October Revolution
341:Christian Rakovsky
335:. The radicals in
319:, emerged as the "
317:Gheorghe Cristescu
282:Dimitrie Marinescu
193:România Muncitoare
166:. A member of the
1739:
1738:
1712:
1711:
1674:Red Quadrilateral
1477:Italian Community
1325:Ploughmen's Front
1118:Vlad Țepeș League
806:Party of the Roma
696:Political parties
620:
619:
558:Electoral history
511:Alexandru Nicolau
367:Alexandru Nicolau
298:Romanian Campaign
277:later that year.
269:demonstration in
237:Second Balkan War
157:social-democratic
132:
131:
119:Political parties
58:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
1799:
963:
957:
956:
708:
707:
689:
682:
675:
666:
665:
661:
652:
643:
634:
613:
606:
567:
566:
481:Ştefan Gheorghiu
446:Ecaterina Arbore
441:Vasile Anagnoste
398:Litman Ghelerter
246:social patriotic
151:
74:Social democracy
30:
29:
21:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1772:Marxist parties
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1721:Portal:Politics
1708:
1609:Alliance PSD+PC
1592:
1536:
1472:Hungarian Union
1415:Ethnic minority
1410:
1401:Romanian Action
1344:
1315:Peasants' Party
1260:Agrarian League
1248:
1229:Socialist Party
1122:
1056:
1005:
964:
961:
951:
912:Ecologist Party
865:
709:
702:
693:
625:
614:
611:
607:
604:
565:
560:
555:
501:Ioan I. Mirescu
491:Barbu Lăzăreanu
436:
434:Notable members
380:Soon after the
371:Ion Dic-Dicescu
302:occupation army
233:anti-militarist
184:
160:political party
128:
80:
76:
37:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1805:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1406:Romanian Front
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
986:National Party
983:
978:
972:
970:
966:
965:
953:
952:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
873:
871:
867:
866:
864:
863:
858:
856:Union of Serbs
853:
851:Union of Poles
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
826:S.O.S. Romania
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
786:Hellenic Union
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
717:
715:
711:
710:
692:
691:
684:
677:
669:
663:
662:
653:
644:
635:
624:
621:
618:
617:
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
599:
597:
591:
590:
587:
582:
577:
574:
571:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
506:Ilie Moscovici
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
476:Leon Ghelerter
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
437:
435:
432:
414:Ilie Moscovici
294:Prahova Valley
275:Central Powers
208:wing (deemed "
183:
180:
130:
129:
127:
126:
121:
116:
110:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
71:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
34:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1804:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Swabian Group
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
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1052:Radical Party
1050:
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714:Parliamentary
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569:
568:
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551:Şerban Voinea
549:
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222:working class
219:
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56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
31:
19:
1497:Magyar Party
1492:Jewish Party
1442:German Party
1356:Citizen Bloc
1208:
1061:Conservative
947:Volt Romania
927:Noua Dreaptă
657:
648:
639:
630:
425:
417:
405:
379:
374:
360:
324:
306:
279:
263:Entente side
244:
231:The party's
230:
209:
191:
187:
185:
135:
133:
1154:Labor Party
1068:Civic Force
969:Nationalist
907:PRO Romania
892:Green Party
541:Camil Ressu
516:Ottoi Călin
471:I. C. Frimu
418:Socialismul
241:World War I
198:trade union
172:World War I
1746:Categories
1366:Iron Guard
623:References
546:Max Vexler
526:Ana Pauker
466:Toma Dragu
386:Bolsheviks
349:Max Wexler
321:maximalist
216:, and the
1597:Alliances
1349:Far-right
1127:Left-wing
589:Position
570:Election
396:, led by
307:The 1917
286:Bucharest
210:generoșii
206:reformist
124:Elections
94:Left-wing
78:Socialism
50:Dissolved
1704:USR PLUS
1253:Agrarian
580:Assembly
402:Ion Sion
337:Moldavia
329:Ploiești
292:and the
267:pacifist
140:Romanian
69:Ideology
1010:Liberal
962:Defunct
700:Romania
612:0 / 112
605:0 / 183
521:Ion Pas
333:Câmpina
255:Balkans
218:Marxist
182:History
164:Romania
154:Marxist
82:Marxism
42:Founded
585:Senate
573:Votes
422:Danube
357:Odessa
353:Russia
271:Galați
243:, the
1541:Other
375:Lupta
146:, or
595:1911
400:and
394:Iași
369:and
343:and
331:and
315:and
290:Iași
134:The
53:1916
45:1910
698:in
162:in
1748::
576:%
430:.
377:.
323:"
288:,
178:.
142::
688:e
681:t
674:v
138:(
20:)
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