515:. During his first years in office, Brătianu reinforced and applied old discrimination laws, insisting that Jews were not allowed to settle in the countryside (and relocating those that had done so), while declaring many Jewish urban inhabitants to be vagrants and expelling them from the country. According to the 1905 Jewish Encyclopedia: "A number of such Jews who proved their Romanian birth were forced across the Danube, and when refused to receive them, were thrown into the river and drowned. Almost every country in Europe was shocked at these barbarities. The Romanian government was warned by the powers; and Brătianu was subsequently dismissed from office". Cabinets formed by the
464:
726:, the party's president, opposed the increasing Communist influence, Tătărescu, the general secretary, favoured an alliance with it, hoping to preserve some influence in the Soviet-dominated political context. Both factions claimed the name and legacy of the original party, and, after a period of ambiguity, went on to create parallel organisations. Faced with a severe restriction of its activity by the Communist-dominated government, the first faction dissolved itself in late 1947. The second faction continued to be part of the governing coalitions until November 1947; nevertheless, Tătărescu's opposition to the policy of
145:
1009:
472:
977:
881:
945:
2375:
2303:
913:
849:
29:
734:. Forced into submission, the faction did not have any political activity after 1950. Deprived of their economic base, members of both factions also suffered political persecution after 1948. With the Communist-dominated government gaining the upper hand in local politics and starting to crack down on opposition, the party decided to cease political activity in the late 1947, effectively disbanding itself. After the
1041:
535:
policies of his party), and supported blocking non-Romanians from a large number of social positions. Sturdza was a notorious antisemite, supporting measures such as the expulsion of
Romanian Jews, and he was known for his opposition towards the naturalization of the Jews in Romania. He and the PNL
659:, in opposition to the former's government. The two however reunited shortly before the dissolution of all parties in 1938. Formally disbanded along all political parties in 1938, party structures were preserved unofficially, with many party members also enlisting in Carol's
609:
was, like his father, openly antisemitic and opposed the granting of
Romanian citizenship to Jews. After World War I, however, antisemitism disappeared from the Liberals' political program, even forming alliances with Jewish politicians. Despite this, seeing the post-War
618:, dismissing calls for autonomy coming from the newly attached provinces and seeking to limit the influence of the national minorities, as well as that of foreign capital. In foreign policy, it supported the
2873:
3181:
3091:
647:'s decision to oppose the King and created parallel organisations, claiming the party's name and legacy. After Vintilă's death, his faction came under the control of
232:
2721:
488:
523:'s leaders, did not do much to improve the Romanian Jews' condition – mainly due to PNL opposition. Antisemitism continued to be enacted under the leadership of
483:, the party was periodically affected by strong factionalism. Among the many splits during the party's early history a notable one was that led by party founder
46:
3176:
3055:
2356:
2440:
2878:
3070:
2435:
93:
2858:
2853:
2405:
2334:
65:
2445:
2240:
671:, to seek a rapprochement with the former war enemy from 1936 onward; during World War II, PNL leaders supported Romania's participation in the
3451:
3025:
2883:
704:
722:
The last major split was motivated by the attitude towards the
Communist-dominated left-wing alliance in the aftermath of World War II: while
72:
3426:
491:
in the late 1880s. In domestic matters, the
National Liberal party supported the development of the local bourgeoisie, seeking to expand the
3303:
2979:
2686:
2420:
2410:
548:
3395:
3171:
3096:
2742:
2460:
1582:
1511:
1472:
1394:
1337:
1281:
1242:
1211:
516:
430:
2327:
79:
3466:
3431:
620:
239:
2318:
499:
trade policy. Party elites controlled major
Romanian-owned enterprises and a significant part the local finance sector, including the
3421:
2716:
774:
2269:
2216:
3242:
3232:
2949:
2868:
2777:
2772:
2349:
61:
434:
3456:
3441:
3106:
2959:
2415:
563:
discourse, before World War I the party championed the cause of ethnic
Romanians living outside the borders, primarily those in
3338:
3308:
3196:
3101:
2954:
2843:
2645:
2480:
2425:
2184:
2129:
2092:
2079:
1865:
1822:
2711:
2706:
3461:
3121:
2395:
742:
was founded under the same name and assumed the
National Liberal legacy. After the war, the Dinu Brătianu faction supported
2944:
2767:
2400:
2365:
1739:
1665:
342:
280:
3436:
3328:
2893:
2863:
2813:
2757:
2551:
2430:
2342:
467:
1926 electoral map highlighting the landslide victory of the
National Liberal Party in that year's legislative election.
3116:
3065:
2908:
2828:
2530:
2390:
787:
768:
656:
3446:
3363:
3358:
3156:
3045:
2500:
556:
112:
2364:
86:
3471:
3252:
3247:
3227:
3222:
3009:
2913:
2650:
2470:
739:
614:
as an encroachment on the country's sovereignty, between the World Wars PNL governments pursued a strong policy of
213:
17:
2808:
2903:
2606:
727:
636:
593:. The party's stance had a major influence in Romania's decision to join the First World War on the side of the
3353:
3298:
3217:
2939:
2465:
2100:
2013:
1956:
1921:
1882:
1830:
1782:
1747:
1708:
1673:
1634:
1595:
1554:
1519:
1480:
1437:
1402:
1345:
1250:
639:
in the 1938. Another major split was caused in 1930 by opposing attitudes towards the restoration of Carol II:
50:
3257:
3126:
2747:
2665:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2163:
1082:
751:
2696:
635:, it became increasingly supportive of his authoritarian policies, with PNL governments paving the way to a
511:. Antisemitism was carried into the PNL's mainstream, and was officially enforced under the premierships of
475:
1937 electoral map showcasing the success of the
National Liberal Party in that year's legislative election.
3146:
3004:
2984:
2691:
268:
463:
3273:
3151:
3136:
3131:
2989:
2974:
2083:
1913:
1874:
1813:
700:
3323:
3293:
2999:
2898:
2833:
2818:
2762:
2581:
2571:
2041:
660:
3141:
3050:
2929:
2888:
2660:
2601:
2591:
2546:
2525:
2520:
2485:
2455:
2180:
803:
575:
varied in degree, with a more pragmatic approach being preferred while in government. Traditionally
445:. Unlike its major opponent, the PNL managed to preserve its prominence after the implementation of
3191:
3060:
3040:
2848:
2838:
2655:
1987:
696:
500:
3333:
2969:
2782:
2217:
https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/pdf-drupal/en/report/romanian/1.1_Roots_of_Romanian_Antisemitism.pdf
1626:
652:
383:
39:
2206:
Hitchins, Keith. Rumania, 1866-1947. Kiribati, Clarendon Press, 1994. pp 24.
668:
640:
441:
in a political system which severely limited the representation of the peasant majority through
144:
3348:
3201:
3166:
3161:
3111:
3030:
2787:
2566:
2176:
2153:
Almost always the government was named before parliamentary elections and confirmed afterwards;
684:
680:
615:
541:
174:
3318:
3313:
3288:
2823:
2803:
2611:
2586:
2561:
2556:
2071:
966:
644:
594:
934:
606:
3368:
3283:
3237:
2994:
2964:
2934:
2670:
715:
governments, it lost its importance as the new
Communist-led coalition government used the
676:
347:
870:
555:, though this did not prevent a National Liberal government from violently repressing the
8:
3400:
735:
632:
492:
337:
286:
2490:
2450:
586:
446:
306:
838:
512:
480:
166:
3343:
2475:
2044:
2005:
1087:
611:
406:
655:, realigned with Carol and led several governments, while Gheorghe's continued as a
3278:
902:
524:
487:, whose followers, supporting rapid and more extensive social reforms, created the
438:
417:
in Romania, a major force in the country's politics from its foundation in 1875 to
1030:
723:
368:
3390:
712:
552:
451:
442:
414:
2596:
547:
At the beginning of the 20th century, PNL, joined by many former leaders of the
16:
This article is about the historical political party. For the modern party, see
3075:
2495:
743:
716:
711:, enabling the reorganisation of the party in 1944. Part of the first post-war
692:
590:
581:
564:
3415:
3186:
2322:
2309:
2067:
2001:
1008:
747:
688:
508:
496:
484:
976:
471:
2616:
2314:
708:
664:
648:
625:
568:
537:
504:
418:
296:
178:
750:
interests, while Tătărescu's sought a more pragmatic approach towards the
2737:
2576:
998:
880:
731:
672:
576:
572:
560:
426:
422:
387:
2256:""Iuda sub vremuri". O contribuție la istoria antisemitismului românesc"
944:
3035:
2058:
598:
421:. Established in order to represent the interests of the nascent local
276:
258:
730:
pursued by the government led to his replacement as party leader with
449:, playing an important role in shaping the institutional framework of
225:
912:
848:
170:
2255:
2175:
Votes received by National Union coalition. Coalition members: PNL,
28:
3373:
602:
311:
2308:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
551:, advocated an extension of the electoral franchise and a limited
2752:
2374:
2369:
719:
process in order to remove PNL supporters from government posts.
520:
1040:
667:
in the 1930s led some factions, primarily the one controlled by
536:
are responsible for the exile of Romanian Jewish intellectuals
532:
507:, as it opposed the giving of the Romanian citizenship to the
707:
parties in overthrowing the dictator in the closing phase of
687:
in August 1944. Tolerated by the totalitarian government of
149:
Electoral symbols used by the PNL, with date of introduction
631:
Though initially opposed to the restoration of deposed
579:, in foreign policy PNL supported cooperation with the
3177:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
3056:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
628:, also cracking down on the local workers' movement.
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2215:Rădăcinile antisemitismului românesc - Yad Vashem
2221:
3413:
2446:Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania
379:
377:
2169:
2156:
2147:
679:, while maintaining contacts with the Western
364:
362:
360:
2406:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
2350:
597:, which ultimately led to Romanian rule over
3304:Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania
2859:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)
2854:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948)
2421:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
2411:Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania
2331:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
374:
3172:National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party
3097:Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania
2461:Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party
762:
357:
62:"National Liberal Party" Romania, 1875
2357:
2343:
2241:"Moses Gaster, o figură pe nedrept uitată"
2170:
2157:
2148:
781:
479:Dominated throughout its existence by the
143:
549:Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
3228:Union of Patriots/National Popular Party
2441:Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars
1065:
757:
754:and friendly relation with the Soviets.
470:
462:
2200:
2051:
1558:
3414:
3309:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
2436:Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs
2426:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
2313:
2270:"Rădăcinile antisemitismului românesc"
2227:
775:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu/Bejan
3452:Political parties established in 1875
3122:General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania
2980:National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu
2629:
2338:
736:overthrow of the Communist party rule
3427:Defunct political parties in Romania
1060:
51:adding citations to reliable sources
22:
3329:National Liberal Ecologist Alliance
2874:Social Democratic Party of Bukovina
2864:Romanian Socialist Democratic Party
2814:Democratic National Salvation Front
2758:National Democratic Christian Party
2552:Alliance for the Union of Romanians
2481:Renewing Romania's European Project
495:through government subsidies and a
13:
2687:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
2253:
2091:Extra-parliamentary opposition to
2066:Extra-parliamentary opposition to
2057:Extra-parliamentary opposition to
2040:Extra-parliamentary opposition to
2000:Extra-parliamentary opposition to
1581:Extra-parliamentary opposition to
14:
3483:
3467:Formerly banned political parties
3432:Defunct liberal political parties
3359:Social Democratic Pole of Romania
3046:National-Christian Defense League
3422:National Liberal Party (Romania)
3223:Ecologist Union of Romania Party
2960:Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere
2894:Social Protection People's Party
2884:Social Democratic Workers' Party
2717:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu
2401:Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania
2373:
2301:
2162:Votes received in alliance with
1990:minority government (1937–1938)
1868:minority government (1931–1932)
1680:
1677:
1641:
1638:
1602:
1599:
1526:
1523:
1487:
1484:
1409:
1406:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1304:
1294:
1291:
1257:
1254:
1237:
1234:
1224:
1221:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1039:
1007:
975:
943:
911:
879:
847:
794:
27:
18:National Liberal Party (Romania)
2955:Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu
2904:Socialist Party of Transylvania
2844:People's Party – Dan Diaconescu
2712:National Liberal Party–Câmpeanu
2707:National Liberal Party–Brătianu
2319:Sturdza s.v. Demetrius Sturdza
788:National Liberal Party-Brătianu
769:National Liberal Party-Brătianu
413:, PNL) was the first organised
38:needs additional citations for
3457:1875 establishments in Romania
3442:Nationalist parties in Romania
3354:Romanian Democratic Convention
3299:Democratic Group of the Centre
3157:Jewish National People's Party
2778:Progressive Conservative Party
2262:
2247:
2233:
2209:
125:Political party in Romania
1:
3243:Party of Young Free Democrats
3233:National Reconstruction Party
3127:Group of Transylvanian Saxons
3010:Transylvanian Peasants' Party
2809:Communist Party (Nepeceriști)
2748:Conservative-Democratic Party
2666:Romanian National Unity Party
2506:Social Liberal Humanist Party
2193:
3462:Romanian nationalist parties
3253:Republican Party (1990–1993)
3248:Republican Party (1993–2004)
3107:Democratic Union of the Roma
2692:Free and Independent Faction
2646:Democratic Nationalist Party
2416:Cultural Union of Ruthenians
1069:
1053:13 years, 301 days
957:18 years, 317 days
861:15 years, 345 days
677:invasion of the Soviet Union
429:it contested power with the
7:
3274:Alliance for Romanian Unity
3152:Jewish Democratic Committee
3102:Cultural Union of Albanians
2940:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
2630:
1951:PNL government (1933–1937)
1825:minority government (1931)
1777:PNL government (1927–1928)
1703:PNL government (1922–1926)
1590:PNL government (1918–1919)
1549:PNL government (1914–1918)
1432:PNL government (1907–1910)
1388:PNL government (1905–1906)
1365:PNL government (1901–1905)
1313:PNL government (1895–1899)
1187:PNL government (1884–1888)
1164:PNL government (1883–1884)
1141:PNL government (1879–1883)
1118:PNL government (1876–1879)
925:16 years, 51 days
728:extensive economic planning
685:realignment with the latter
10:
3488:
3437:Liberal parties in Romania
3324:Justice and Truth Alliance
3294:Christian Liberal Alliance
2950:Democratic Peasants' Party
2834:Party of Social Solidarity
2819:Democratic Party of Labour
2773:People's Party (2005–2006)
2763:National Renaissance Front
2396:Association of Macedonians
2295:
2017:
1994:
989:3 years, 27 days
661:National Renaissance Front
503:. The PNL was also openly
458:
15:
3396:List of political parties
3386:
3339:People's Democratic Front
3266:
3258:Transylvania–Banat League
3210:
3084:
3051:National Fascist Movement
3018:
3005:Socialist Peasants' Party
2945:Democratic Agrarian Party
2922:
2889:Socialist Party of Labour
2796:
2768:People's Party (1918–1938
2730:
2679:
2661:National Union from Banat
2638:
2625:
2602:Romanian Nationhood Party
2592:National Rebirth Alliance
2547:Alliance for the Homeland
2539:
2486:Romanian Nationhood Party
2383:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1553:
1369:
893:1 year, 18 days
683:, ultimately backing the
531:" (in line with the anti-
437:, effectively creating a
433:, supported primarily by
411:Partidul Național Liberal
333:
317:
305:
267:
257:
220:
209:
199:
184:
162:
154:
142:
136:Partidul Național Liberal
130:
3447:National liberal parties
3197:Ukrainian Workers' Party
3192:Ukrainian National Party
3137:Hungarian People's Union
3132:Hungarian People's Party
3092:Autonomous Swabian Party
3066:National Socialist Party
3061:National Romanian Fascio
3041:National Christian Party
2975:National Peasants' Party
2869:Romanian Socialist Party
2849:Romanian Communist Party
2829:National Salvation Front
2607:Romanian Socialist Party
2431:Democratic Turkish Union
1021:3 years, 1 day
763:Parties seceded from PNL
527:, who was resentful of "
501:National Bank of Romania
327:Through ourselves alone!
135:
3472:Antisemitism in Romania
3364:Social Democratic Union
3000:Radical Peasants' Party
2970:National Agrarian Party
2909:Socialist Workers Party
2879:Social Democratic Party
2783:Romanian National Party
2572:People's Movement Party
2531:Union of the Ukrainians
2501:Social Democratic Party
2391:Association of Italians
2328:Encyclopædia Britannica
2132:government (1946–1947)
2095:government (1945–1946)
2086:government (1944–1945)
2074:government (1941–1944)
2061:government (1940–1941)
2047:government (1939–1940)
2008:government (1938–1939)
1916:government (1932–1933)
1816:government (1928–1931)
1742:government (1926–1927)
1668:government (1920–1921)
1629:government (1919–1920)
1514:government (1912–1914)
1475:government (1910–1912)
1397:government (1906–1907)
1340:government (1899–1901)
1284:government (1892–1895)
1245:government (1891–1892)
1214:government (1888–1891)
782:Parties absorbed by PNL
691:, it eventually joined
663:. The growing power of
447:universal male suffrage
307:Political position
3349:Right Romania Alliance
3334:National Union PSD+PUR
3202:Union of Romanian Jews
3182:People's Council Party
3031:Crusade of Romanianism
2914:United Socialist Party
2702:National Liberal Party
2697:Liberal Union–Brătianu
2651:Democratic Union Party
2567:Nation People Together
2471:National Liberal Party
589:'s preference for the
476:
468:
410:
403:National Liberal Party
263:National Liberal Youth
214:National Liberal Party
133:National Liberal Party
3319:Hungarian German Bloc
3314:Green Ecologist Party
3289:Centre Right Alliance
3117:German People's Party
2839:Peasant Workers' Bloc
2804:Banat Socialist Party
2612:The Right Alternative
2587:Greater Romania Party
2557:Greater Romania Party
1066:Legislative elections
802: Also served as
758:Scissions and mergers
557:1907 Peasants' revolt
519:, although including
474:
466:
188:24 May 1875
3369:Social Liberal Union
3284:Centre Left Alliance
3238:Party of Free Change
2990:Peasants' Party–Lupu
2965:League Against Usury
2935:Agrarian Union Party
2753:Constitutional Party
2671:United Romania Party
2254:Bogdan, Caranfilof.
2243:. 12 September 2014.
2053:Parliament suspended
1996:Parliament suspended
669:Gheorghe I. Brătianu
641:Gheorghe I. Brătianu
47:improve this article
3401:Politics of Romania
3218:Ecological Movement
2466:League of Albanians
338:Politics of Romania
287:National liberalism
175:Mihail Kogălniceanu
2743:Conservative Party
2540:Extraparliamentary
2516:Union of Croatians
2511:Union of Armenians
2491:Save Romania Union
2451:Force of the Right
1877:government (1932)
1585:government (1918)
935:Ion I. C. Brătianu
701:National Peasants'
653:Gheorghe Tătărescu
637:royal dictatorship
607:Ion I. C. Brătianu
605:and Transylvania.
517:Conservative Party
477:
469:
455:during the 1920s.
435:wealthy landowners
431:Conservative Party
243:(1914–38, 1944–45)
3409:
3408:
3382:
3381:
3344:Red Quadrilateral
3147:Italian Community
2995:Ploughmen's Front
2788:Vlad Țepeș League
2476:Party of the Roma
2366:Political parties
2136:
2135:
1061:Electoral history
1058:
1057:
1017:29 December 1933
1014:28 December 1930
985:21 December 1930
982:24 November 1927
953:24 November 1927
918:20 November 1892
871:Dimitrie Brătianu
705:Social Democratic
612:Minority Treaties
493:Romanian industry
399:
398:
343:Political parties
210:Succeeded by
123:
122:
115:
97:
3479:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2378:
2377:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2274:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2174:
2161:
2152:
2125:
2119:Senate abolished
2114:
2033:
2026:
1983:
1977:
1970:
1948:
1942:
1935:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1861:
1855:
1848:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1774:
1768:
1761:
1735:
1729:
1722:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1574:
1567:
1546:
1540:
1533:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1429:
1423:
1416:
1310:
1301:
1277:
1271:
1264:
1231:
1070:
1054:
1043:
1036:
1022:
1011:
1004:
990:
979:
972:
967:Vintilă Brătianu
958:
950:11 January 1909
947:
940:
926:
921:10 January 1909
915:
908:
903:Dimitrie Sturdza
894:
883:
876:
862:
851:
844:
818:
808:
807:
801:
645:Vintilă Brătianu
621:cordon sanitaire
565:Austro-Hungarian
525:Dimitrie Sturdza
439:two-party system
391:
381:
372:
366:
322:Prin noi înșine!
233:Voinţa naţională
195:
193:
147:
128:
127:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
31:
23:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3391:Portal:Politics
3378:
3279:Alliance PSD+PC
3262:
3206:
3142:Hungarian Union
3085:Ethnic minority
3080:
3071:Romanian Action
3014:
2985:Peasants' Party
2930:Agrarian League
2918:
2899:Socialist Party
2792:
2726:
2675:
2634:
2631:
2621:
2582:Ecologist Party
2535:
2379:
2372:
2363:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2252:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2124: 4th
2123:
2115:
2112:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
1982: 1st
1981:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1947: 1st
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1908: 2nd
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1860: 1st
1859:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1808: 2nd
1807:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1773: 1st
1772:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1734: 3rd
1733:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1699: 1st
1698:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1660: 3rd
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1621: 2nd
1620:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1560:did not compete
1545: 1st
1544:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1506: 3rd
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1467: 2nd
1466:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1428: 1st
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1309: 1st
1308:
1302:
1299:
1276: 2nd
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1232:
1229:
1068:
1063:
1052:
1046:4 January 1934
1034:
1033:
1020:
1002:
1001:
988:
970:
969:
956:
938:
937:
924:
906:
905:
892:
874:
873:
860:
842:
841:
839:Ion C. Brătianu
816:
815:
806:
799:
797:
784:
765:
760:
713:grand coalition
553:agrarian reform
513:Ion C. Brătianu
481:Brătianu family
461:
452:Greater Romania
443:census suffrage
415:political party
395:
394:
382:
375:
367:
358:
353:
352:
324:
301:
249:
244:
237:
230:
204:
191:
189:
177:
173:
169:
167:Ion C. Brătianu
150:
138:
137:
134:
126:
119:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
44:
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3076:Romanian Front
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2656:National Party
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2526:Union of Serbs
2523:
2521:Union of Poles
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2496:S.O.S. Romania
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2456:Hellenic Union
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2339:
2323:Chisholm, Hugh
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2261:
2246:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2167:
2154:
2134:
2133:
2128:Opposition to
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2076:
2075:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1986:Opposition to
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1912:Opposition to
1910:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1873:Opposition to
1870:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1812:Opposition to
1810:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1738:Opposition to
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1664:Opposition to
1662:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1625:Opposition to
1623:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1510:Opposition to
1508:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1471:Opposition to
1469:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1393:Opposition to
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1336:Opposition to
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1280:Opposition to
1278:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1210:Opposition to
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:November 1947
1047:
1044:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1005:
996:
992:
991:
986:
983:
980:
973:
964:
960:
959:
954:
951:
948:
941:
932:
928:
927:
922:
919:
916:
909:
900:
896:
895:
890:
887:
884:
877:
868:
864:
863:
858:
855:
852:
845:
836:
832:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
812:
804:Prime Minister
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
783:
780:
779:
778:
772:
764:
761:
759:
756:
717:denazification
693:King Michael I
657:separate party
616:centralisation
591:Central Powers
582:Triple Entente
542:Lazăr Şăineanu
460:
457:
397:
396:
393:
392:
373:
355:
354:
351:
350:
345:
340:
334:
331:
330:
319:
315:
314:
309:
303:
302:
300:
299:
294:
289:
284:
273:
271:
265:
264:
261:
255:
254:
222:
218:
217:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
186:
182:
181:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
140:
139:
132:
131:
124:
121:
120:
35:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3484:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3187:Swabian Group
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2722:Radical Party
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:Parliamentary
2382:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2315:Gaster, Moses
2311:
2310:public domain
2279:(in Romanian)
2278:
2277:yadvashem.org
2271:
2265:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2203:
2199:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:Ion Antonescu
2065:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2002:Miron Cristea
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1368:
1364:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1031:Dinu Brătianu
1029:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
987:
984:
981:
978:
974:
968:
965:
962:
961:
955:
952:
949:
946:
942:
936:
933:
930:
929:
923:
920:
917:
914:
910:
904:
901:
898:
897:
891:
888:
885:
882:
878:
872:
869:
866:
865:
859:
856:
853:
850:
846:
840:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
823:
820:
813:
810:
809:
805:
795:Party leaders
789:
786:
785:
776:
773:
770:
767:
766:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:Dinu Brătianu
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:Ion Antonescu
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:King Carol II
629:
627:
623:
622:
617:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
559:. Adopting a
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:Romanian Jews
506:
502:
498:
497:protectionist
494:
490:
489:Radical Party
486:
485:C. A. Rosetti
482:
473:
465:
456:
454:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
389:
385:
380:
378:
370:
365:
363:
361:
356:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
332:
328:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
308:
304:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
274:
272:
270:
266:
262:
260:
256:
252:
247:
242:
241:
235:
234:
228:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:
208:
202:
198:
187:
183:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
146:
141:
129:
117:
114:
106:
103:December 2021
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
42:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
19:
3167:Magyar Party
3162:Jewish Party
3112:German Party
3026:Citizen Bloc
2731:Conservative
2701:
2617:Volt Romania
2597:Noua Dreaptă
2326:
2299:
2281:. Retrieved
2276:
2264:
2249:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2202:
2171:
2158:
2149:
2138:
2137:
2118:
2052:
2019:party banned
2018:
1995:
1840:
1835:
1559:
1447:
1442:
889:8 June 1892
886:21 May 1891
854:24 May 1875
721:
709:World War II
665:Nazi Germany
649:Ion Gh. Duca
630:
626:Soviet Union
624:against the
619:
580:
569:Transylvania
546:
538:Moses Gaster
528:
478:
450:
419:World War II
402:
400:
326:
321:
297:Antisemitism
291:
250:
245:
238:
231:
224:
179:C.A. Rosetti
155:Abbreviation
109:
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
2824:Labor Party
2738:Civic Force
2639:Nationalist
2577:PRO Romania
2562:Green Party
2228:Gaster 1911
1864:Supporting
1821:Supporting
1241:Supporting
1035:(1866–1950)
1003:(1879–1933)
999:Ion G. Duca
971:(1867–1930)
939:(1864–1927)
907:(1833–1914)
875:(1818–1892)
857:4 May 1891
843:(1821–1891)
824:Term start
817:Born - Died
738:in 1989, a
732:Petre Bejan
577:Francophile
573:irredentism
561:nationalist
505:antisemitic
427:World War I
423:bourgeoisie
292:Until 1920:
236:(1884–1914)
3416:Categories
3036:Iron Guard
2194:References
2045:monarchist
2006:monarchist
1961:1,103,353
1926:1,518,864
1752:1,704,435
1095:Aftermath
643:contested
599:Bessarabia
587:King Carol
585:, against
277:Liberalism
259:Youth wing
192:1875-05-24
73:newspapers
3267:Alliances
3019:Far-right
2797:Left-wing
2317:(1911). "
1969:152 / 387
1941:105 / 108
1934:300 / 387
1836:1,389,901
1760:318 / 387
1693:111 / 148
1686:222 / 372
1608:103 / 568
1532:145 / 188
1415:166 / 183
1300:177 / 183
830:Duration
827:Term end
821:Portrait
752:Big Three
740:new party
697:Communist
384:Tătărescu
348:Elections
253:(1944–48)
248:(1946–47)
246:Liberalul
229:(1875–84)
221:Newspaper
200:Dissolved
171:Ion Ghica
3374:USR PLUS
2923:Agrarian
2105:259,068
2072:military
1976:97 / 113
1895:28 / 387
1887:407,023
1854:11 / 113
1847:80 / 387
1795:13 / 387
1787:185,939
1767:92 / 113
1721:16 / 387
1713:192,399
1647:16 / 372
1615:54 / 216
1539:82 / 117
1500:24 / 110
1493:35 / 183
1461:16 / 110
1454:10 / 183
1422:90 / 102
1270:18 / 112
1263:32 / 183
1230:60 / 183
1092:Position
1083:Assembly
1073:Election
748:American
695:and the
603:Bukovina
425:, until
407:Romanian
369:Brătianu
281:Romanian
269:Ideology
251:Drapelul
240:Viitorul
163:Founders
2680:Liberal
2632:Defunct
2370:Romania
2325:(ed.).
2312::
2296:Sources
2283:18 June
2113:3 / 414
2025:0 / 258
1902:1 / 113
1802:0 / 110
1728:0 / 115
1654:1 / 166
1573:0 / 112
1566:0 / 174
567:-ruled
521:Junimea
459:History
390:faction
371:faction
226:Românul
190: (
185:Founded
87:scholar
2321:". In
2306:
2183:, and
2032:0 / 88
1443:81,139
1088:Senate
800:
790:(1938)
777:(1944)
771:(1930)
681:Allies
595:Allies
571:; its
533:Jewish
529:aliens
318:Slogan
312:Centre
216:(1990)
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
3211:Other
2273:(PDF)
2139:Notes
2082:-PNL-
1964:36.5
1755:62.7
1370:1905
1318:1899
1289:1895
1219:1891
1192:1888
1169:1884
1146:1883
1123:1879
1100:1876
1076:Votes
744:Anglo
675:-led
388:Bejan
94:JSTOR
80:books
2285:2023
2108:3.8
2101:1946
2014:1939
1957:1937
1922:1933
1883:1932
1841:48.9
1831:1931
1790:6.7
1783:1928
1748:1927
1716:7.5
1709:1926
1674:1922
1635:1920
1596:1919
1555:1918
1520:1914
1481:1912
1448:37.8
1438:1911
1403:1907
1346:1901
1251:1892
814:Name
703:and
673:Axis
651:and
540:and
401:The
205:1950
203:1947
66:news
2368:in
2185:PND
2177:PGR
2164:PCD
2130:BPD
2093:FND
2084:PNȚ
2080:FND
2070:'s
2059:LAM
2042:FRN
2004:'s
1988:PNC
1929:52
1914:PNȚ
1890:14
1875:PNȚ
1866:PND
1823:PND
1814:PNȚ
1627:PNR
811:Nº
158:PNL
49:by
3418::
2275:.
2181:LA
2179:,
2141::
2037:–
1740:PP
1681:—
1678:—
1666:PP
1642:—
1639:—
1603:—
1600:—
1583:PC
1578:–
1527:—
1524:—
1512:PC
1488:—
1485:—
1473:PC
1410:—
1407:—
1395:PC
1385:—
1382:—
1379:—
1376:—
1373:—
1362:—
1359:—
1356:—
1353:—
1350:—
1338:PC
1333:—
1330:—
1327:—
1324:—
1321:—
1305:—
1295:—
1292:—
1282:PC
1258:—
1255:—
1243:PC
1238:—
1235:—
1225:—
1222:—
1212:PC
1207:—
1204:—
1201:—
1198:—
1195:—
1184:—
1181:—
1178:—
1175:—
1172:—
1161:—
1158:—
1155:—
1152:—
1149:—
1138:—
1135:—
1132:—
1129:—
1126:—
1115:—
1112:—
1109:—
1106:—
1103:—
1027:7
995:6
963:5
931:4
899:3
867:2
835:1
699:,
601:,
544:.
409::
376:^
359:^
2358:e
2351:t
2344:v
2287:.
2258:.
2230:.
2187:.
2166:;
1079:%
746:-
405:(
386:/
329:)
325:(
283:)
279:(
194:)
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
43:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
