Mihail Kogălniceanu

2795: 933: 2074: 7196: 1675: 364: 2657: 3532: 669: 3676: 1786: 333: 892: 2946: 913: 868: 880: 1429: 2499:. The poet, who had been nominated without expressing his consent, cast aside hostility and became one of Kogălniceanu's main supporters in the chamber. Also then, Kogălniceanu blocked the republican gambit of his friend Ion Ghica, the acting Premier. When Carol threatened to leave the country and let he liberals deal with all subsequent problems, Kogălniceanu gathered together the party's moderates in a decisive show of support for the monarch. 45: 567: 2837:. This came after months of tension between Romania and Russia, generated over the territorial issue and the Russian claim to be representing Romania at Berlin: Kogălniceanu's envoy (Eraclie Arion) had even threatened the Russians with a Romanian denunciation of their alliance, and 60,000 Romanian soldiers were prepared for the defense of Southern Bessarabia. The Conference's ultimate decision ( 2875:, Kogălniceanu privately noted that he "fully agreed" with it, and that he regarded the new province as a "splendid acquisition". However, in April 1877, Kogălniceanu had explicitly assured Parliament that no real threat loomed over Southern Bessarabia. By that point in time, both the Germans and the Austrians had begun suspecting that Kogălniceanu was in fact a favorite and 1958:, was made by a commission which included Kogălniceanu and Vasile Mălinescu, and was passed by the Divan on October 29, 1857, with 73 out of 77 votes (the remaining 4 were all abstentions). Kogălniceanu noted with pride that "The entire nation has accepted this great reform, and everyone, former Princes, great boyars, low-ranking boyars, privileged strata, have received this 2845:, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs. Additional pressures came from Bismarck. The Russians themselves did register some setbacks by the end of the Conference. Their demands for Romania to allow indefinite military transit through Northern Dobruja were made ineffectual by the opposition of other European states, and Kogălniceanu was able to obtain the retrocession of 2338:("To the Rural Inhabitants") accompanied the resolution, and was described by Kogălniceanu as "the political testament of Cuza". Despite this measure, factors such as a growing population, the division of plots among descendants, peasant debts and enduring reliance on revenues from working on estates, together with the widespread speculation of 1569:, he was seen as one of its instigators, and Prince Sturdza ordered his arrest during the police roundup that followed. While evading capture, Kogălniceanu authored some of the most vocal attacks on Sturdza, and, by July, a reward was offered for his apprehension "dead or alive". During late summer, he crossed the Austrian border into 2245:("manual laborers"), with no oxen—approx. 3 hectares. Peasants were to own their plots after making 14 yearly payments to their respective landowner. This caused uproar in Parliament, which represented around 4,000 mostly boyar electors, and voices from among the Conservatives deemed it "insane". The latter party prepared a 1319:, notably pointing out that it was inconsistent. Additionally, he evidenced the influence foreign poetry had on Asachi's own work, viewing it as excessive. Tensions also occurred between Kogălniceanu and Alecsandri, after the former began suspecting his collaborator of having reduced and toned down his contributions to 2404: 1764:

regarding the abolition of slavery was passed by the Boyar Divan. This involved the freeing of privately owned Roma slaves, as those owned by the state had been set free by Prince Sturdza in January 1844. Kogălniceanu claimed to have personally inspired the measure. Ghica was prompted to complete the

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would start moving into Moldavia—hence, Romanians tended to regard it as an invasion. Also alarming for Kogălniceanu, the official Russian proclamation addressed Romanians as protegés of the Empire. Bilateral tensions were somewhat alleviated by Russian apologies and, later, by the Ottoman pledge to

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Although political opposition prevented him from pushing agrarian reform at the time that he proposed it, Mihail Kogălniceanu is seen as the person responsible for the manner in which it was eventually carried out by Cuza. The changes in legislation came at the end of a lengthy process, inaugurated

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and regulating that peasants could no longer be removed from the land they were working on. This measure produced little lasting effects; according to Kogălniceanu, "the cause should be sought in the all-mightiness of landowners, in the weakness of the government, who, through its very nature, was

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in contradiction with the one endorsed by the Focșani Commission, thus going against the letter of the law—he later justified himself saying: "Publication was necessary in order to quell the rural population, agitated by the ". The cabinet handed in its resignation, but Cuza refused to countersign

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narrative of the events: he asserted that the region had been "united" with Romania, as a "Romanian land", because of the people's wishes and sacrifices. During the heated parliamentary sessions of late September 1878, he helped swing the vote in favor of the annexation, with speeches which also

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More reserved members of the Council asked for the land reform law not to be applied for a duration of three years, instead of the presumed April 1865 deadline, and Cuza agreed. Arguing that Cuza's decision was "the very condemnation and crushing of the law", Kogălniceanu worried that peasants,

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as a unifier of Romania, although this view had not been at all present in his earlier essays; he proposed that the Romanian folk was among the first European peoples to record history in their national language, although the earliest Romanian-language chronicles date back to the 17th century;

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Kogălniceanu joined other National Liberals in expressing opposition to the trade convention Catargiu had signed with Austria-Hungary, which was advantageous to the latter's exports, and which, they claimed, was leading Romanian industry to ruin. He accepted it while in office, but looked into

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He was at the time involved in a new diplomatic effort: the Ghica government was aiming to receive formal recognition of the name "Romania", as opposed to "United Principalities". The bid was successful, after the Ottomans gave their approval, but marked a slump in Romania's relationship with

3647:. Argetoianu later speculated that she was the most intelligent of the Kogălniceanu children, and claimed that Mihail Kogălniceanu had himself acknowledged this (quoting him as saying, "too bad Lucie is not a boy"). She was the mother of eight; one of her daughters, Manuela, married into the 2870:

This outcome was the subject of controversy in Romania, where the territorial exchange was generally considered unfair, with some voices even arguing that the country could again accept Ottoman suzerainty as a means to overturn the state of affairs. Unbeknown to them, the cession of Southern

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colonel; they had more than eight children together (three of whom were boys). The eldest son, Constantin, studied Law and had a career in diplomacy, being the author of an unfinished work on Romanian history. Ion, his brother, was born in 1859 and died in 1892, being the only one of Mihail

985:-related principles were a common attribute of the Berlin faculty during Kogălniceanu's stay. He commented that, in later years, the politician adopted views which resonated with those of Hegel, most notably the principle that legislation needed to adapt to the individual spirit of nations. 2704:, and approved Russian demands in exchange for co-belligerency. With C. A. Rosetti and Brătianu, he supported the transit of Russian troops and persuaded Carol to accept the Russian alliance, contrary to the initial advice of the Crown Council. He also sought advice on this matter from the 2213:. Consequently, the Romanian state considered the matter closed. As a direct consequence, one third of the arable land in Moldavia and a fourth of that in Wallachia were made available for a future land reform (one fifth to one fourth of the total arable land in the state as a whole). 3414:

in creating a "cultured literature". In 1855, after the Wallachian revolution was defeated and most of its leaders went into exile, he noted that the lighter toll Russian intervention had in Moldavia contributed to the preservation of literature; alongside similar statements made by

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became the topic of scandal. In early 1865, Cuza came into conflict with his main ally Kogălniceanu, whom he dismissed soon after. Over the following months, the administration went into financial collapse, no longer able to provide state salaries, while Cuza came to rely on his own

5986: 3181:"In my lengthy combats and actions, in the grim persecutions that have more than once been exercised as a means to crush me, I always had before my eyes those beautiful words which Prince Hardenberg indicated as the strongest means to reawaken the character and manliness of the 1878:, a newly established assembly through which Moldavians had gained the right to decide their own future, he kept in line with the Wallachian representatives to their respective Divan, and resumed his campaign in favor of union and increased autonomy, as well as the principles of 3214:

members from the countryside (thus denying them various sources of income). When faced with the official protests of European states, he replied that the matter was nobody's business but Romania's. He usually referred to the Jewish community in general with the insulting term

2716:, declined to give him a reassuring answer, and pointed that, were Romania to join up with Russia, the other powers would cease offering their protection. Making note of this, Kogălniceanu expressed his hope that France would still support his country at the decisive moment. 3064:, the thinker who has seen in clarity the free and complete Romania , the redeemer of peasants thrown into serfdom , the person understanding all the many, secretive, and indissoluble connections linking the life of a people to the moral quality and the energy of its soul". 3219:, and accepted their presence on Romanian soil as a concession to their alleged "too numerous and too powerful presence in Europe". During the 1930s, such attitudes, together with Kogălniceanu's involvement in peasant causes, were cited as a precedent by politicians of the 3767:, whose father, the National Liberal parliamentarian Dimitrie A. Anghel, had been well acquainted with Kogălniceanu, authored a memoir detailing the fluctuating relationship between the two political figures, as well as detailing one of the former Premier's last speeches. 1998:

Many of Kogălniceanu's efforts were centered on bringing about an end to the peasant question, but, as he admitted, his boyar electorate threatened to recall him if he was to pursue this path any further. Consequently, he signed his name to the more moderate proposal of

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Outmaneuvering the opposition of Vogoride and his group of conservative followers during new elections for the Divan, Kogălniceanu was able to promote Cuza in Moldavia on January 17, 1859, leading to Cuza's election for a similar position in Wallachia (February 5)—the

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Opposition came from both Conservative and National Liberal legislators, who viewed Northern Dobruja as an inhospitable, nonstrategic and non-Romanian territory. Contrarily, with his proclamation to the peoples of Northern Dobruja, Kogălniceanu enshrined the standard

2867:). Kogălniceanu himself made efforts to overturn this decision, and was bitter when the Germans refused to compromise. The resolution was debated inside Romania over the following year, and such a measure in respect to Jews was not introduced until 1922–1923. 3122:, mirroring the conviction and affiliation of most 1848 revolutionaries, were an important factor in ensuring the success of Romanian causes abroad, and arguably played a part in the election of Cuza, who was himself a member of the secretive organization. 3356:: "Civilization never does banish the national ideas and habits, but rather improves them for the benefit of the nation in particular and of humanity in general". He was averse to fast cultural reforms, stressing that acclimatization was always required. 1335:, who was himself involved in liberal causes while being interested in the work of Moldavian chroniclers. Intellectuals of the day speculated that Kogălniceanu later contributed several sections to Vaillant's lengthy essay about Moldavia and Wallachia ( 756:". The author took pride in noting that "my family has never searched its origins in foreign countries or peoples". Nevertheless, in a speech he gave shortly before his death, Kogălniceanu commented that Catinca Stavilla had been the descendant of "a 3662:

séances. Adela Kogălniceanu was robbed and murdered in October 1920; rumor had it that she had been killed by her own son, but this path was never pursued by authorities, who were quick to cancel the investigation (at the time, they were faced with

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it. According to Kogălniceanu, the Conservatives Arsachi and Kretzulescu were reluctant to propose the law for review by Cuza, knowing that it was destined to be rejected. Discussions then drifted toward the matter of confiscating land from the

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monasteries. The resolution was passed with 97 out of 100 parliamentary votes. Later, the Greek Church was presented with an offer of 150 million piasters as compensation, which was viewed as two low by its intended recipients, including

2009:, while leaving other matters to be discussed by a future permanent Assembly. This project was instantly rejected by a solid majority of the Assembly, which in Kogălniceanu's view, led to the creation of two poles, "national liberal" and 1173:

Over the following decade, he published a large number of works, including essays and articles, his first editions of the Moldavian chroniclers, as well as other books and articles, while founding a succession of short-lived periodicals:

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period). In late 1862, their revenues were taken over by the state, and, during the summer of the following year, a sum of 80 million piasters was offered as compensation to the Greek monks, in exchange for all of the monasteries' land.

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For a while, he concentrated his activities on reviewing historical sources, expanding his series of printed and edited Moldavian chronicles. At the time, he renewed his contacts with Vaillant, who helped him publish articles in the

6204: 365: 1346:. This followed the monarch's decision to unite the two existing theaters in the city, one of which hosted plays in French, into a single institution. In later years, this venue, which staged popular comedies based on the 5355: 2597:, rejected National Liberal politics. In an 1876 speech in front of Parliament, Kogălniceanu attacked Ionescu and his supporters for their political and academic positions, approval from the conservative literary society 2334:. He threatened Cuza with his resignation, and was ultimately able to persuade all parties involved, including the opposition leader Kretzulescu, to accept the law's application as of spring 1865; a proclamation by Cuza, 2999:

After withdrawing from political life, Kogălniceanu served as Romanian Academy President from 1887 to 1889 (or 1890). Having fallen severely ill in 1886, he spent his final years editing historical documents of the

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Nevertheless, Kogălniceanu's antisemitic discourse was nuanced and less violent than that of some of his contemporaries. According to historian George Voicu, he stood for "a complicated balance in dealing with the

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Over the following year, he coordinated efforts to have the act recognized by all European states, and stated that his government's policies were centered on "as rapid as possible, the transformation of foreign

2923:) to abandon their traditional lifestyle and their Bessarabian homes, offering them the option of purchasing Northern Dobrujan land. This had become widely available after the partition of Ottoman estates, the 5863: 3258:, a renowned Jewish scholar, stating that the latter was " only man who works in this country" (he would later celebrate him as the man "to whom Romanian literature owes so much"). Five years later, as 3032:. Writing to Alecsandri's wife Paulina, he asked: "I could not be present at his funeral, you'll allow me, my lady, since I have unable to kiss him either alive or dead, to at least kiss his grave!" 1558:. He would later state: "We did not come to Paris just to learn how to speak French like the French do, but also to borrow the ideas and useful things of a nation that is so enlightened and so free". 1723:(while, on the other hand, confirming the defeat of revolutionary power in Wallachia). Ghica allowed the instigators of the 1848 events to return from exile, and appointed Kogălniceanu, as well as 988:

Kogălniceanu later noted with pride that he had been the first of Ranke's Romanian students, and claimed that, in conversations with Humboldt, he was the first person to use the modern equivalents

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and discuss Sturdza's ouster). Briefly imprisoned after returning to Iași, he soon after became involved in political agitation in Wallachia, assisting his friend Ion Ghica: in February, during a

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of the Russians, and, reportedly, he even encouraged the rumor to spread. Andrássy reportedly commented: "Prince Carol is really unfortunate to have people like Mr. Kogălniceanu in his service".

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Cuza was ultimately ousted by a coalition of Conservatives and Liberals in February 1866; following a period of transition and maneuvers to avert international objections, a perpetually unified

3419:, this allowed Ibrăileanu to conclude that, after 1848, Moldavia played a bigger part in shaping the cultural landscape of Romania. Writing more than half a century after the critic, historian 2915:), Kogălniceanu saw the new territory as open only to ethnic Romanian homesteaders. His intercession played a part in the ethnic policies: he is reported to have personally urged the Romanian 2189:

proposed international mediation, Cuza took the initiative, and, on October 23, 1863, deposed the Kretzulescu cabinet, nominating instead his own selection of men: Kogălniceanu as Premier and

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process of liberation by the fate of Dincă, an educated Roma cook who had murdered his French wife and then killed himself after being made aware that he was not going to be set free by his

2089:, being responsible for most of the reforms associated with Cuza's reign. His first term in Moldavia ended during December 1860, when Kogălniceanu became involved in the scandal involving 2899:

In 1879, again head of Internal Affairs, Kogălniceanu began organizing the administration of Northern Dobruja, through decrees. He supported a distinct legal regime, as a transition from

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gave a more reserved assessment of Kogălniceanu's position, arguing that the emphasis he had placed on "national taste" would occasionally result in acclaim for mediocre writers such as

2037:. In October 1858, he made a clear proposal regarding the unification, which, as he noted, carried the vote with only two opposing voices (Alecu Balș and Nectarie Hermeziu, the Orthodox 857:), students were being infused with rebellious ideas; all Moldavian students, including Sturdza's sons and other noblemen, were withdrawn from the school in late 1835, and reassigned to 3883: 2141:, the latter considered the project advantageous because, while preserving estates, it created a sizable group of landless and dependent peasants, who could provide affordable labor. 3856: 3375:". As a historian, Kogălniceanu notably introduced several more or less influential Romantic nationalist theses: after 1840, he was noted for stressing the image of the 17th-century 9896: 1600:

project listing the goals of Romanian revolutionaries. It contrasted with the earlier demands the revolutionaries had presented to Sturdza, which called for strict adherence to the

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Kogălniceanu was consequently appointed to various high level government positions, while continuing his cultural contributions and becoming the main figure of the loose grouping

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also noted that, while Kogălniceanu stressed national unity, his discourse tended to place emphasis on Moldavian particularities. Also according to Ibrăileanu, Kogălniceanu and

2778:. He recorded a mood of opposition to the Romanian military effort, but received guarantees of border security. The main challenge was convincing Bismarck, who had since become 2265:, coinciding with the moment when Conservatives imposed a censure vote. Kogălniceanu read in Parliament the monarch's decision to dissolve it, after which Cuza introduced a new 305: 3848: 1565:, Kogălniceanu was present at the forefront of nationalist politics. Though, for a number of reasons, he failed to sign the March 1848 petition-proclamation which signaled the 8149: 3141:). Kogălniceanu praised Bălcescu's manifestos and activism in favor of the peasantry, indicating that they formed a precedent for his own accomplishments, while deploring the 2292:. This was accomplished through discussions in August 1864 by the newly established Council of State, where the law was advanced by, among others, Kogălniceanu, Bolintineanu, 8019: 6763: 3056:

Mihail Kogălniceanu's contributions as a leader of opinion and statesman have won acclaim for their role in shaping the development of modern Romania before and after 1848.

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was detrimental to the allocation of land, made the reform almost completely ineffectual on the long term, and contributed to the countryside unrest which culminated in the

9439: 1409:"I view as my country everywhere on earth where Romanian is spoken, and as national history the history of all of Moldavia, that of Wallachia, and that of our brothers in 8275: 6094: 1350:

of its age and had become the most popular of its kind in the country, also hosted Alecsandri's debut as a playwright. Progressively, it also became subject to Sturdza's

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During Milhail Kogălniceanu's lifetime, there was confusion regarding his exact birth year, with several sources erroneously indicating it as 1806; in his speech to the

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system: later Romanian governments confronted themselves with the "Strousberg Affair", a volatile combination of investment scheme failure and anti-Prussian sentiment (

9500: 9761: 8285: 1393:, and amounted to a revolutionary project. Among other things, it made explicit references to the common cause of Romanians living in the two states of Moldavia and 6724: 2049:. During 1859, Kogălniceanu again stood in the ad hoc Divan and rallied support for Cuza from all factions of the unionist camp, while promoting his candidature in 9701: 3084: 1820:). As he later acknowledged, members of the Divan had begun to consider the Paris agreements, and especially the 1858 convention regarding the two countries, as a 9609: 8295: 3563: 3536: 9906: 7777: 4750: 3110:, an approach with resonated with the tendencies of all his fellow Moldavian revolutionaries. In maturity, Kogălniceanu had become a skeptic with respect to the 1439:

Around 1843, Kogălniceanu's enthusiasm for change was making him a suspect to the Moldavian authorities, and his lectures on History were suspended in 1844. His

1966:, and even all that resembled the old regime". He recorded that only two members of the boyar class had subsequently refused to abide by the new principles—the 973:, whose ideas on the necessity for politicians to be acquainted with historical science he readily adopted. In pages he dedicated to the influence exercised by 9671: 9397: 8418: 2210: 5491: 3654:

Kogălniceanu's nephew, Grigore, himself a local leader of the Conservative Party and a major landowner, married to Adela Cantacuzino-Pașcanu, a member of the

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In the end, the Russian declaration of war came as a surprise to both Carol and Kogălniceanu, who had not been informed of the exact date (April 23) when the

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Bessarabia had been secretly agreed upon with Nelidov in early 1877. Even then, against his subordinates in the diplomatic corps, but in consonance with the

2620:("The Rape of Bukovina, from Genuine Documents"), it reused old texts collected by the Hurmuzachis. The propaganda effort won support from across the floor: 8232: 7046: 4572: 2678:

in the Ion Brătianu cabinet (spring-summer 1876, and again from April 1877 to November 1878), Mihail Kogălniceanu was responsible for Romania entering the

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In the spring of 1864, the cabinet introduced a bill providing for an extensive land reform, which proposed allocating land based on peasant status. The

8270: 6505: 4652: 1247:(after many disruptions associated with his political choices, the project was fulfilled in 1852). In this context, Kogălniceanu and Negruzzi sought to 6977: 6418: 6156: 3407:, while it "does not reach the standards of scientific research", the book is still "a genuine contribution" to "Romology", and "a work of reference". 2794: 2612:

Like his political career, Kogălniceanu's tracts focused on condemning Austrian ethnic and territorial policies. Also in 1875, he issued from Paris an

588: 581: 7954: 6658: 3024:, was a summary of his entire career as a politician, intellectual, and civil servant. In August 1890, while traveling through the Austrian region of 2510:, they happened to meet, and, without exchanging words, raised their hats as a form of greeting. On May 27, 1873, Kogălniceanu, alongside Alecsandri, 9766: 9563: 8129: 6732: 1863:, a French essayist and traveler who had played a minor part in the Wallachian uprising, and who supported the Romanian cause in his native country. 8217: 8202: 1886:, and, as he said later, rule by "a foreign prince". However, both Kogălniceanu and Alecsandri initially presented themselves as candidates for the 1756:"There is not a single reform, not a single national act, from which my name would be absent. All the major laws were made and countersigned by me." 1090:

Greatly expanding his familiarity with historical and social subjects, Kogălniceanu also began work on his first volumes: a pioneering study on the

9866: 9846: 9681: 6776: 3598:, was interpreted by the authorities as a call to rebellion, and led to Kogălniceanu's imprisonment for a duration of five months. A member of the 3349: 8330: 9716: 9459: 9369: 8335: 8212: 7080: 3807: 6742: 5793: 2522:. Speaking later, he noted: "Cuza has committed great errors, but shall never fade out of the hearts of peasants, nor from Romania's history". 8375: 6552: 5979: 4390: 3639:, Lucia was the one exercising real control over the organization's branch). After the Conservative Party faded out of politics as a result of 3404: 2094: 2068: 509: 9493: 6945:"Les dilemmes, les controverses et les conséquences d'une alliance politique conjecturale. Les relations roumaino-russes des années 1877–1878" 6662: 6329: 5347: 9876: 9696: 9418: 6470: 1147:

Raising the suspicions of Prince Sturdza after it became apparent that he sided with the reform-minded youth of his day in opposition to the

6338: 4235: 9691: 9410: 8039: 7919: 2772: 2587:("The Enfranchised Voter"), which stated the main National Liberal goals. He was however an outspoken adversary of his former collaborator 2133:, leader of the Conservatives, and the target of vocal criticism on Kogălniceanu's part. On June 6, 1862, the project was first debated in 740:

Ilie Kogălniceanu, and the great-grandson of Constantin Kogălniceanu (noted for having signed his name to a 1749 document issued by Prince

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Kogălniceanu's term was confirmed by the 1869 election, after which he was able to persuade Alecsandri to accept a position as deputy for

771:, he acknowledged this, and gave his exact birth date as present in a register kept by his father. It was also then that he mentioned his 9891: 9746: 7770: 3628: 2593: 2022: 1805: 3556:, which aimed to be a new series of the one published during the 1840s; its other projects were rendered ineffectual by the outbreak of 9886: 9751: 8411: 3203: 2693:

ignored them. The Russian envoy Dimitri Stuart received instructions to "halt" Kogălniceanu's initiatives, so as not to aggravate the "

2434: 2190: 932: 631: 415: 164: 7195: 1804:, when Moldavia and Wallachia came under the direct supervision of the European Powers (comprising, alongside Russia and Austria, the 748:

was disestablished in Moldavia). Mihail's mother, Catinca née Stavilla (or Stavillă), was, according to Kogălniceanu's own words, " a

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Ibrăileanu additionally credited the Moldavian faction, Kogălniceanu included, with having helped introduce spoken Romanian into the

2937:). Kogălniceanu also advised the local administration to overrepresent existing Romanian communities in the decision-making process. 2197:

as Minister of Religious Affairs. In order to prevent further international tensions, they decided to generalize confiscation to all

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From 1859 to 1865, Kogălniceanu was on several occasions the cabinet leader in the Moldavian half of the United Principalities, then

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Mihail Kogălniceanu's residence in Iași is kept as a memorial house and public museum. His vacation house in the city, located in

3496:" by researcher Maria Protase. Among the other pieces were two comedy plays, both written in 1840, when he was co-director of the 6854: 6746: 5801: 5653: 3288:

In his polemical history tracing the development of literary criticism and its role in Romanian culture, the 20th century author

3276:, who was a Russian-born Jewish immigrant. Shortly before his death, he reportedly endorsed a similar measure for Jewish scholar 2526: 2461:, abstained on the matter. Such tensions were only worsened when Prussian money was attracted by Ghica into the development of a 3548:

Kogălniceanu's male children to have heirs. His line was still surviving in 2001. Ion's son, also named Mihail, established the

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annex Romania; addressing a discontented Parliament, Kogălniceanu asserted that the Russian road was the country's only choice.

2689:). He initially tried to obtain diplomatic recognition from various states, but the European states rejected the offer, and the 610: 20: 9806: 9613: 7786: 7763: 7070: 5345:"130 de ani de la prima lege a mărcilor din România. Premisele dezvoltării protecției proprietății industriale în țara noastră" 4547: 3320:"In me you shall find a Romanian, but ever to the point where I would contribute in increasing Romanomania, that is to say the 2573: 2207: 2018: 530: 332: 6664:

Mărturii românești peste hotare: creații românești și izvoare despre români în colecții din străinătate. II: Finlanda – Grecia

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In May 1840, while serving as Prince Sturdza's private secretary, he became co-director (with Alecsandri and Negruzzi) of the

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took for granted rumors that he was an agent of the Russians, and further alleged that the Romanian land reform was a sham.

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and Cuza. At the time, Kogălniceanu became a passionate student of history, beginning his investigations into old Moldavian

9163: 3644: 3484:("The Physiology of the Parochial Man in Iași"), closely based on a French model by Pierre Durand and, through it, echoing 3126: 2892:. These addresses are credited with having first backdated the Romanian claim to ca. 1400, when Wallachia briefly held the 2713: 2538: 2506:, relations between him and Kogălniceanu remained respectful, but distant: in summer 1868, when both of them were visiting 2472:). Although generally depicted as Prussian-friendly, the Conservatives were also opposed to such dealings, and their daily 1935: 1731:

to administrative offices. The measures enforced by the prince, together with the fallout from the defeat of Russia in the

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and an end to abuse. In its 10 sections and 120 articles, the manifesto called for, among other things, internal autonomy,

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Kogălniceanu became a member and chief ideologue of the Moldavian Central Revolutionary Committee in exile. His manifesto,

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faction of the National Liberal group. Kogălniceanu and his supporters criticized Rosetti and others who again pushed for

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Ghica and his minister were not only hostile to Prussia, but also tried to help the national cause of Romanians living in

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on alcohol and tobacco. At the same time, the regime became unstable and was contested by all sides, especially after his

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expressed much criticism of this moderate stance (which he also believed was represented within the party by Rosetti and

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On May 9, 1877, it was through Kogălniceanu's speech in Parliament that Romania acknowledged she was discarding Ottoman

9881: 9821: 9816: 9791: 2675: 407: 112: 56: 5879:, "The French Revolution in Relation to Poland and East-Central Europe", in Joseph Klaits, Michael H. Haltzel (eds.), 4149: 1308:. Mihail Kogălniceanu later issued clear criticism of Asachi's proposed version of literary Romanian, which relied on 9811: 9801: 6918: 6895: 6875: 6862: 6839: 6710: 6689: 6634: 6617: 6598: 6568: 6560: 6547: 5949: 5892: 3595: 3292:

made ample mention of Kogălniceanu's role in combating nationalist excesses, in particular the post-1840 attempts by

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in 1860, when the institution regulating legislative projects for the two principalities, the Conservative-dominated

1016: 704: 650: 599: 534: 9861: 6052:

Une carrière philologique en Roumanie (1885–1900). I. Les péripéties d'une naturalisation; mémoire auto-biographique

2426:. Two years later, in recognition of his scholarly contributions, Kogălniceanu became a member of the newly created 9851: 9776: 9736: 9721: 8452: 5495: 2645: 1080: 2648:, as a measure of encouraging local industries. A National Liberal government would repeal the agreement in 1886. 2391:

soured dramatically, as the latter declared himself disgusted with politics. Alecsandri withdrew to his estate in

504:, and successfully promoted Cuza, his lifelong friend, to the throne. Kogălniceanu advanced legislation to revoke 9771: 6002: 4413: 3699: 3480:", which he attributed to the author's traditional upbringing. Also among Kogălniceanu's anthumous writings was 3242:'", one between "antisemitic intransigence" and "concessions". The more radical antisemite and National Liberal 1760:

He inaugurated his career as a legislator under Prince Ghica. On December 22, 1855, legislation he drafted with

9831: 8462: 3599: 3211: 2863: 2700:

Upon his return to office, Kogălniceanu personally organized conspiratorial meetings with the Russian diplomat

2301: 1928: 9478: 5651:"Portrete ale oamenilor politici români de la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea în documente diplomatice germane" 825:

With support from Prince Sturdza, Kogălniceanu continued his studies abroad, originally in the French city of

8942: 8184: 7494: 6780: 6396: 5504: 3879: 3485: 3166: 3142: 2454: 2149: 1640:

At the same time, he published a more explicit "Project for a Moldavian Constitution", which expanded on how

1582: 1376: 974: 836: 9756: 9331: 6589:, "Building the State from the Roof Down: Varieties of Romanian Liberal Nationalism", in Iván Zoltán Dénes, 3035:

Mihail Kogălniceanu died while undergoing surgery in Paris, and was succeeded in his seat at the academy by

2053:—thus profiting from ambiguities in the Paris Treaty. On the day Cuza took the throne, to begin his rule as 1286:

and other literary figures. One of the main goals his publications had was expanding the coverage of modern

9871: 9841: 9058: 7964: 7606: 7282: 7267: 3579: 3273: 3016:. One of his last speeches, held in front of the academy and witnessed by both Carol, who had since become 2732: 2685: 2525:

Kogălniceanu carried on as leader of pragmatic-reformist liberalism in Romania; in loose opposition to the

2423: 1985: 1813: 1519: 349: 35: 8922: 2318: 1327:

and his sister Elena, becoming one of the main figures of the intellectual circle hosted by the Negris in

9781: 8467: 8305: 8014: 7871: 7180: 7160: 3658:. He died in 1904, leaving his wife a large fortune, which she spent on a large collection of jewels and 3492:. It was part of a series of such texts, popular in his generation and deemed "the first age of Romanian 3376: 3083:

principles acquired during his education, taking inspiration from the policies of the Prussian statesmen

2666: 2097:. In 1863, secularization was imposed by Cuza, with the land thus freed being divided among peasants—the 7135: 3133:, democracy, and the need to improve the situation of peasants (other notable politicians to do so were 1076:, whom he befriended, and who, as Kogălniceanu recalled, lectured him on the land reform carried out by 9796: 8533: 8518: 7532: 7439: 6887: 6702: 5984:"The 'Judaisation' of the Enemy in the Romanian Political Culture at the Beginning of the 20th Century" 5941: 5884: 3812: 3118:

legacy, arguing: "civilization stops when revolutions begin". At the same time, his connections within

3088: 3036: 2924: 1720: 1227:, and Petre Balș, were suppressed by Moldavian authorities, who considered them suspect. Together with 958: 940:

Esquisse sur l'histoire, les moeurs et la langue des Cigains, connus en France sous le nom de Bohémiens

431: 5994: 2953:

Kogălniceanu subsequently represented his country in France (1880), being the first Romanian envoy to

624: 9519: 8164: 8054: 7474: 7055: 5790: 3771: 3755: 3544: 2086: 1989: 1943: 1883: 1694: 1628:, and a Moldo-Wallachian union. Referring to the latter ideal, Kogălniceanu stressed that it formed: 1566: 1423: 1077: 741: 537:—a choice which consecrated her independence. He was also instrumental in the acquisition, and later 466: 386: 9053: 7623: 4744: 4646: 4229: 3328:, a passion currently reigning foremost in Transylvania and among some of the writers in Wallachia." 2984:, Kogălniceanu played a prominent part in opposing further concessions for Austria, on the issue of 2073: 1527: 1328: 9639: 6326: 5344: 3847:

The historian's name was given to several places and landmarks; these include downtown Bucharest's

3345: 3280:, expressing condemnation for those antisemites within his own party who made efforts to block it. 3243: 3223: 2846: 2842: 2569: 2278: 2273:("Statute Expanding the Paris Convention"). Together with a law virtually establishing a system of 2246: 2202: 1981: 1939: 1644:

could be translated into reality. Kogălniceanu also contributed articles to the Bukovinian journal

1619: 1359: 1357:

In 1843, Kogălniceanu gave a celebrated inaugural lecture on national history at the newly founded

1209: 1111: 677: 526:

in May 1864. However, Kogălniceanu resigned in 1865, following his own conflicts with the monarch.

517: 488: 457: 9201: 8029: 6198: 6088: 5857: 5740: 4384: 3497: 3468:. Călinescu observed that much of Kogălniceanu's own prose works imitated the style of his friend 3337: 2996:, and argued that Romania's fragile international standing did not permit electoral divisiveness. 2357:

regime established by Cuza succeeded in promulgating a series of reforms, notably introducing the

1518:("Foreigners' Atheneum"), as did most other reform-minded Romanians in Paris. In 1846, he visited 1343: 438: 9216: 9206: 8932: 8881: 8875: 8854: 8144: 8109: 7459: 7429: 7009: 3384: 2993: 2838: 2760: 2613: 2534: 2305: 2274: 2266: 2198: 1821: 1749: 1716: 1633: 1472: 1332: 1069: 577: 481: 394: 8482: 7934: 6985: 6206:

Evoluția spiritului critic – Deosebirile dintre vechea școală critică moldovenească și "Junimea"

5661: 3742: 2468: 8844: 8777: 8074: 7507: 7412: 7402: 7337: 6905: 6755: 6355: 3543:

Mihail Kogălniceanu was married to Ecaterina Jora (1827–1907), the widow of Iorgu Scorțescu, a

3410:

As early as 1840, Mihail Kogălniceanu was urging writers to seek inspiration for their work in

3129:, and in contrast to his moderation on other topics, he was among the very few to tie together 2969:. In January 1880–1881, Kogălniceanu oversaw the first diplomatic contacts between Romania and 2912: 2834: 2817:

Upon the war's end, Mihail Kogălniceanu and Ion Brătianu headed the Romanian delegation to the

2441:. In this capacity, he regulated the design of police uniforms, and investigated the murder of 2323: 2098: 1924: 1801: 1744: 1657: 1384: 1304: 1012:

also noted the part Kogălniceanu played in popularizing these references as the standard ones.

962: 791: 513: 9384: 8927: 7969: 6047: 5703:"«La Californie des Roumains»: L’intégration de la Dobroudja du Nord à la Roumanie, 1878–1913" 3526: 3387:

was a Romanian state. In some of his works, he claimed that Romanians traditionally practiced

3277: 867: 727: 9434: 8896: 8833: 8684: 8435: 8049: 7994: 7794: 7560: 7454: 7372: 7317: 3707: 3636: 3627:

during the late 1860s-early 1870s. Her third husband, Leon Bogdan, was a local leader of the

3465: 3457:, tended to ignore or outright dismiss Kogălniceanu's causes and the attitudes he expressed. 3150: 2779: 2720: 2705: 2446: 2194: 2170: 2134: 2078: 2034: 2017:

divide and causing political conflicts inside the former unionist majority (thus forming the

1835: 1499: 1125: 1052:). According to his own recollections, his group of Moldavians was kept under close watch by 761: 390: 281: 9619: 9261: 9211: 8813: 8761: 8740: 8720: 8694: 8207: 8197: 7989: 7816: 7367: 7352: 7327: 7307: 7292: 7115: 7100: 6809: 6593:, Central European University Press, Budapest & New York City, 2006, pp. 367–397. 6573:

Marta Anineanu, "Prietenia Alecsandri–Kogălniceanu. Pășind alături spre visul înstelat", in

6194: 6084: 5853: 4380: 3706:(in 1980, it became a museum dedicated to Sadoveanu's memory). The Kogălniceanu property in 3289: 3092: 2907:

rule, aiming for the assimilation of locals into the Romanian mainstream, but respectful of

1295: 879: 9666: 9661: 9115: 9100: 9079: 9069: 8663: 8523: 7866: 7831: 7714: 7686: 7617: 7423: 7242: 7175: 7155: 5207:

Nadia Manea, "1870. Deschiderea 'Hotelului' sau 'Palatului de monetă' de la București", in

3341: 3145:'s failure to advance a definitive land reform. When faced with a negative response in the 3060:, a major historian of the 20th century, celebrated Kogălniceanu as "the founder of modern 3040: 2989: 2893: 2821:. In this capacity, they protested Russia's offer to exchange the previously Ottoman-ruled 2736: 2656: 2562: 2503: 2343: 2297: 1992: 1809: 1703: 1615: 1602: 1523: 1476: 1452: 1447:

as the secret representative of the Moldavian political opposition (attempting to approach

1239:, which planned to issue the complete editions of Moldavian chronicles, including those of 1107: 849: 843:, son of the Moldavian monarch. His stay in Lunéville was cut short by the intervention of 795: 462: 9135: 8756: 8622: 8607: 8579: 8568: 7449: 7322: 7217: 6367: 6055: 4614: 3833: 3363:

also noted the contrast between Mihail Kogălniceanu and his predecessors, as two sets of "

3254:. In 1885, Kogălniceanu strongly objected to a National Liberal cabinet decision to expel 2558: 1796:

Interrupted by Russian and Austrian interventions during the Crimean War, his activity as

1674: 1387:. Kogălniceanu's introductory speech was partly prompted by Sturdza's refusal to give him 157: 8: 9559: 9090: 9074: 8965: 8751: 8538: 8492: 8114: 7999: 7891: 7583: 7517: 6677: 5421:

Giura & Giura, p. 167; Giurescu, p. 153; Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 123; Gorovei, p. 10

3852: 3787: 3411: 2853: 2826: 2807: 2366: 2153: 2121:, while allowing peasants on boyar estates control over their own houses and a parcel of 1728: 1611: 1574: 1562: 1364: 1290:

beyond its early stages, during which it had mainly relied on publishing translations of

1020: 403: 193: 105: 93: 77: 9364: 9346: 9120: 9105: 9028: 8975: 8612: 8365: 8119: 7896: 7444: 7003: 6641: 6458: 5865:

Recunoașterea necesității criticii. Cauzele pentru care spiritul critic apare în Moldova

3867: 3371:", whereas Kogălniceanu and others had "a mission which they knew how to translate into 3360: 3134: 2731:. He was rewarded by Carol, becoming one of the first three statesmen received into the 2374: 1468: 545:

region. During his final years, he was a prominent member and one-time President of the

9374: 9336: 9326: 9311: 9291: 8823: 8745: 8653: 8643: 8594: 8548: 8457: 8439: 8134: 8094: 8034: 7906: 7876: 7826: 7798: 7392: 7382: 7357: 7342: 7312: 7204: 7110: 7018: 6944: 3887: 3863: 3779: 3750: 3726: 3675: 3655: 3613: 3587: 3428: 3403:") is however still seen as a groundbreaking work in its field. According to historian 3115: 3061: 3013: 2981: 2958: 2876: 2852:

As an effect of Waddington's intervention, Romania also agreed to resolve the issue of

2818: 2799: 2709: 2637: 2419: 2415: 2293: 1860: 1817: 1766: 1669: 1323:. During this period, Kogălniceanu maintained close contacts with his former colleague 1291: 1283: 1252: 1114: 1103: 1042: 1024: 858: 491: 411: 217: 81: 9635: 9589: 9580: 9548: 9527: 9510: 8766: 8627: 8169: 8024: 7851: 7841: 7479: 7332: 7247: 7232: 7222: 7212: 7185: 7170: 7125: 5650: 3531: 2530: 2519: 1735:, were to bring by 1860 the introduction of virtually all liberal tenets comprised in 1498:) that included Ghica, Bălcescu, and Rosetti and was presided over by the French poet 803: 799: 9595: 9554: 9271: 9155: 8960: 8901: 8860: 8849: 8839: 8818: 8782: 8735: 8725: 8668: 8648: 8192: 8174: 8124: 7979: 7974: 7886: 7257: 6931: 6914: 6891: 6871: 6858: 6835: 6767: 6706: 6685: 6668: 6630: 6613: 6594: 6564: 6543: 6535: 6422: 6160: 6059: 5945: 5888: 5499: 4941: 4939: 4566: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3803: 3790:, purported to have been recast from one of the sculptor's older works. In 1936, the 3718: 3477: 3469: 3416: 3379: 3333: 3309: 3301: 3111: 3099: 3021: 3012:

archeological finds in Northern Dobruja, and collecting foreign documents related to

3001: 2701: 2462: 2458: 2388: 2309: 2251: 1867: 1682: 1347: 1232: 1228: 1053: 970: 854: 853:

regime, and who believed that, through the influence of Lhommé (a participant in the

811: 776: 757: 683: 442: 358: 9585: 9125: 9023: 8497: 8487: 7914: 7856: 7658: 7594: 7589: 7140: 3352:

religious culture. This was in connection with Kogălniceanu's advocacy of pragmatic

2775: 2261: 2148:, on his way back from Filaret, where he had attended a festivity commemorating the 1829: 1785: 1184: 1168: 522: 496: 451: 9575: 9392: 9226: 9187: 9085: 9064: 8980: 8865: 8792: 8715: 8699: 8689: 8674: 8658: 8633: 8617: 8477: 8260: 8237: 7959: 7949: 7703: 7555: 7287: 7277: 7262: 7252: 6910: 6900: 6805: 6591:

Liberty and the Search for Identity: Liberal Nationalisms and the Legacy of Empires

3760: 3722: 3703: 3493: 2962: 2929: 2908: 2822: 2811: 2740: 2694: 2546: 2427: 2362: 2354: 2339: 2145: 2138: 1912: 1761: 1531: 1287: 1264: 1073: 768: 546: 542: 9048: 8985: 8807: 8064: 8009: 7708: 7697: 7664: 7522: 7362: 5590:

Clark, p. 62; Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 37; Giura & Giura, pp. 170–171; Ornea,

5517:

Clark, pp. 61–62; Giura & Giura, pp. 169–170; Norton Medlicott, p. 90; Ornea,

4936: 2117:, refused to create the basis for land reform. Instead, it provided for an end to 1963: 9624: 9599: 9569: 9379: 9301: 8917: 8886: 8870: 8602: 8584: 8563: 8553: 8543: 8502: 8447: 8159: 8044: 7929: 7924: 7811: 7669: 7600: 7227: 7145: 7094: 6728: 6649: 6575: 6465: 6410: 6362: 6333: 6021: 6006: 5990: 5797: 5764: 5657: 5568: 5453: 5351: 5315: 5269: 5233: 5209: 5176: 4461: 4157: 4153: 4140: 4133: 3764: 3659: 3620: 3460:

While commenting on the differences between Moldavian and Wallachian literature,

3432: 3239: 3146: 3138: 3103: 3017: 2889: 2768: 2629: 2588: 2481: 2358: 2313: 2157: 2137:, causing a standstill between Cuza and the Conservatives. As noted by historian 2000: 1959: 1947: 1920: 1879: 1840: 1660:, where he carried on with his activities in support of the Romanian revolution. 1607: 1596:("The Wishes of the National Party in Moldavia", August 1848), was, in effect, a 1398: 1299: 1267:. Kogălniceanu would later claim that he and his friend were "originators of the 1212:

property, his articles announced a great triumph for "humanity" and "new ideas".

1140:

twice: once in the French particle "de", and a second time in the Romanian-based

1041:

named Jonas, in whose residence he witnessed gatherings of activists in favor of

1005: 989: 840: 807: 153: 141: 137: 9246: 9038: 8772: 8255: 7755: 4827:"Episcopul Melchisedec Ștefănescu și contribuția lui la dobândirea autocefaliei" 3711: 3632: 3472:, without carrying the same artistic weight, while noting that his few works of 2542: 1752:

under a single administration. In 1867, reflecting back on his role, he stated:

229: 225: 205: 9605: 9508: 9467: 9405: 9341: 9321: 9306: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9251: 9130: 9110: 9033: 8955: 8906: 8730: 8705: 8507: 8396: 8079: 7861: 7836: 7806: 7721: 7565: 7302: 7150: 7088: 6626: 6586: 6392: 5706: 5702: 4409: 3461: 3454: 3353: 3265: 3207: 3153:

just prior to Cuza's coup, he defended his land reform project with the words:

3005: 2857: 2744: 2625: 2511: 2496: 2438: 2186: 2130: 1897: 1871: 1724: 1712: 1708: 1547: 1543: 1491: 1402: 1324: 1248: 1244: 1236: 1137: 1048: 844: 815: 784: 780: 434: 221: 197: 8990: 8345: 8099: 7527: 5152: 5150: 4600: 4033:

Dezrobirea țiganilor, ștergerea privilegiilor boierești, emanciparea țăranilor

3198:

Like many of his fellow Romanian liberals, Kogălniceanu advocated a series of

3091:. German statesmen were however disinclined to consider him one of their own: 2973:, as an exchange of correspondence between the Romanian Embassy to France and 2841:) was in favor of Russia's proposal, largely due to support from Andrássy and 2442: 2129:(the "Rural Law"), the project received instant support from the then-Premier 1901: 1900:. Negri's candidature was dismissed by the Ottomans, who preferred to appoint 1693:

In April 1849, part of the goals of the 1848 Revolution were fulfilled by the

9655: 8970: 8911: 8828: 8802: 8710: 8679: 8638: 8528: 8355: 8315: 8310: 8265: 8139: 8089: 8084: 8059: 7944: 7939: 7881: 7691: 7646: 7634: 7469: 7434: 7397: 7297: 7272: 7237: 7024: 6694: 5530:

Clark, pp. 61–62; Giura & Giura, pp. 168–170; Norton Medlicott, pp. 89–93

4740: 4642: 4225: 3841: 3695: 3473: 3392: 3364: 3130: 3107: 3057: 2783: 2690: 2554: 2174: 1955: 1511: 1480: 1380: 1263:

and recipes meant to educate local folk about the refinement and richness of

1091: 1087:, and saw the possibility for replicating its results in his native country. 1009: 430:

for most of his lifetime, he began his political career as a collaborator of

201: 44: 8360: 3173:

with having provided him with "the love for the Romanian motherland and the

2945: 1833:

in Iași: a unionist mouthpiece, it enlisted support from Alecsandri and his

9629: 9449: 9444: 9095: 9018: 8787: 8325: 8300: 8280: 8227: 8104: 8004: 7741: 7674: 7652: 7640: 7628: 7571: 7512: 7347: 6582: 6421:, Bucharest, 1978, pp. 67–69 (Eugen Marinescu, "Tabel cronologic", p. xl). 5147: 4144: 3770:

Kogălniceanu is the subject of many paintings, and features prominently in

3730: 3648: 3603: 3557: 3512:

was published decades after his death, and received much critical acclaim.

3325: 3293: 3255: 3231: 3199: 3080: 3009: 2970: 2633: 2489: 2304:. Kogălniceanu's other measures as minister included: the establishment of 2165: 2046: 2010: 1951: 1875: 1790: 1597: 1410: 1363:

in Iași, a speech which greatly influenced ethnic Romanian students at the

1313: 1268: 1240: 1129: 1118: 1084: 1061: 501: 485: 423: 3891: 3875: 3786:

to a peasant). In 1911, Iași became host to Kogălniceanu bronze statue by

3734: 3137:, who died in late 1852, and Rosetti, who advocated a strict adherence to 2888:

helped transform the public's mood, and which promised a swift process of

2042: 1772:

Prince Ghica also attempted to improve the peasant situation by outlawing

1004:", as well as the antiquated versions used before him by the intellectual 912: 826: 794:

in Iași, before being tutored by Gherman Vida, a monk who belonged to the

9043: 8891: 8797: 8385: 8380: 8154: 8069: 7984: 7680: 7577: 7550: 7502: 7484: 7464: 7417: 7407: 7387: 7377: 6923: 6603: 6063: 5267:

Paul Cernovodeanu, "Punți între două lumi. Britanici printre români", in

3640: 3591: 3567: 3442: 3424: 3420: 3119: 3072: 2916: 2904: 2682:

on the Russian side, which led the country to proclaim its independence (

2477: 2249:, based on the fact that Kogălniceanu had publicized the project through 2178: 1962:

reform, discarding, even without special laws, all that derived from the

1732: 1507: 1279: 982: 978: 966: 538: 477: 6997: 6935: 6771: 6426: 6164: 5451:

Alexandre Davier, "Sinuozitățile relațiilor franco-române" (part I), in

4826: 3250:), and he even claimed that Kogălniceanu was a secret "faithful" of the 3106:, and other liberal positions, Kogălniceanu prioritized the nation over 3029: 2392: 9316: 9296: 9266: 9000: 8950: 8370: 8350: 7737: 6760:

Istoria Bucureștilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre

4979: 4977: 3837: 3608: 3441:

after the 1860s. The latter conclusion was partly shared by Călinescu,

3372: 3260: 3227: 3170: 3076: 3025: 2884: 2830: 2803: 2728: 2515: 2014: 1984:

against all non-Orthodox Christians in Moldavia (specifically, against

1698: 1389: 1351: 1136:("Michael of Kogalnitchan"), which was slightly erroneous (it used the 1099: 753: 382: 5999: 5791:"Liberalii și problema reformei electorale în România (1866–1914) (I)" 3616:

executive during the 1921 debates regarding an extensive land reform.

2484:(Transylvania, Bukovina, etc.). Reportedly, these pitted them against 2403: 2288:, thus effectively imposing land reform, as well as putting an end to 2114: 1428: 1282:

ideal of "national specificity", which was to be a major influence on

1096:

Histoire de la Valachie, de la Moldavie et des Valaques transdanubiens

920:

Histoire de la Valachie, de la Moldavie et des Valaques transdanubiens

533:, before playing an important part in Romania's decision to enter the 9256: 9241: 9231: 9221: 8995: 8472: 8222: 7846: 7165: 7130: 7120: 6989: 6951: 6831: 3799: 3798:

to create a monument dedicated to Kogălniceanu, which was erected in

3795: 3680: 3571: 3297: 3247: 3185:

in order to liberate it from the foreign yoke, to raise and increase

3068: 2974: 2756: 2748: 2661: 2550: 2380: 2050: 1973: 1773: 1678: 1586: 1456: 1394: 1224: 1152: 1083:. Later, Kogălniceanu studied the effects of reform when on visit to 1065: 1056:, who, in addition, enlisted Kogălniceanu's help in writing his work 1035: 1001: 847:

officials, who were supervising Moldavia under the provisions of the

819: 772: 749: 446: 4974: 3802:

during the same year. Actors have portrayed Kogălniceanu in several

2476:

referred to Kogălniceanu as the guilty party. Overall, however, the

2330:

informed of their future, could no longer be persuaded to carry out

2005: 1896:—Alecsandri, who was more popular, renounced first in order to back 1624: 1494:

cities from 1845 to 1847, joining the Romanian student association (

566: 8340: 8320: 8290: 7611: 6844: 6699:Între Orient și Occident. Țările române la începutul epocii moderne 3738: 3446: 3388: 3230:, who, while promoting rural traditionalism, advocated restricting 2786:, and who was very reserved on the issue of Romanian independence. 2764: 2370: 2055: 2030: 1942:, thus nullifying pieces of legislation first imposed under Prince 1892: 1848: 1686: 1570: 1440: 1309: 1260: 1156: 1031: 1028: 419: 399: 291: 261: 6819:

Vasile Maciu, "Costache Negri, un ctitor al României moderne", in

5496:"Moldavian and Western Interpretations of Modern Romanian History" 3840:, alongside those of other historical figures who were considered 3367:" intellectuals—in this contrast, Heliade Rădulescu was "hazy and 3028:, he was troubled by news that Alecsandri had died at his home in 2144:

Late in the same month, Catargiu was mysteriously assassinated on

9010: 8247: 7059: 6539: 5012: 5010: 3624: 3437: 3368: 3269: 3220: 3186: 3182: 2599: 2387:

After 1863, relations between Mihail Kogălniceanu and his friend

2234: 2173:

monasteries in Romania (their sizable properties and traditional

2122: 1653: 1316: 1256: 1205: 745: 379: 295: 5174:

Augustin Z. N. Pop, "D. Haciulea mai puie-și pofta în cui!", in

4459:

Ioana Ursu, "J. A. Vaillant, un prieten al poporului român", in

2572:. On May 24, 1875, negotiations resulted in the creation of the 2395:, where he wrote pieces critical of the political developments. 1911:

chose to support Cuza for the Moldavian throne. This came after

831: 723: 461:, Kogălniceanu came into conflict with the authorities over his 257: 6019:

Lucica Bercovici, "Românul Moses Gaster, un modus vivendi", in

3775: 3251: 2920: 2605: 2507: 1968: 1934:

He played the decisive part in the Divan's decision to abolish

1887: 1539: 1444: 1235:'s works available at the time, and, in time, acquired his own 1141: 1038: 954: 736: 550: 465:

inaugural speech of 1843. He was the ideologue of the abortive

16:

Romanian statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist (1817–1891)

5007: 4256: 4254: 2911:. Unlike other partisans of colonization (including scientist 1117:

in his country, and in his study, cited the example of active

689:

You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations.

6096:

Veacul al XIX-lea. Factorii culturii românești din acest veac

3687: 3594:. A manifesto to the peasants, issued by him just before the 3449:. Nevertheless, in its reaction against the 1848 generation, 3321: 3305: 3189:: «Democratic principles as part of a monarchic government!»" 3158: 2954: 2566: 2059:, Mihail Kogălniceanu welcomed him with an emotional speech. 2038: 1931:(August 9, 1857, first announced to the world on August 26). 810:. It was during this early period that he first met the poet 731: 277: 6959:

D. Gh. Vitcu, "Cuza în exil. Puterea dragostei de țară", in

5762:

Anna Eva Budura, "Primii diplomați chinezi în Occident", in

3397:

Esquisse sur l'histoire, les moeurs et la langue des Cigains

764:(Akerman), whence it then scattered throughout Bessarabia". 494:. Together with Alecsandri, he edited the unionist magazine 5938:

Esau's Tears: Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews

5029:, p. 81; Clark, p. 53; Giurescu, p. 148; Stavrianos, p. 352 4251: 3783: 3539:, Ion and Lucia Kogălniceanu, photographed during the 1850s 1369:

see Cuvânt pentru deschiderea cursului de istorie națională

1155:, and instead returned to Iași, where he became a princely 484:, Kogălniceanu was responsible for drafting legislation to 6884:

National Theatre in Northern and Eastern Europe, 1746–1900

5263: 5261: 3729:. His relationship with the peasant representative to the 3694:("The House with a Tower"), was the residence of composer 2789: 2398: 2259:

Tensions mounted and, on May 14, 1864, Cuza carried out a

1331:. He also became close to the French teacher and essayist 6750:

Annales Universitatis Apulensis, Series Historica (AUASH)

2802:: in this 1878 cartoon, Romania is robbed of her crown (" 2735:. The Minister also negotiated the terms under which the 1106:), both of which were first published in 1837 inside the 5313:

Gabriel Ștrempel, "Ioan Slavici și Academia Română", in

4924:

Gheorghe & Șerbu, pp. 24–27, 32–33; Giurescu, p. 148

4474:

Anineanu, p. 64; Călinescu, p. 77; Senelick, pp. 311–313

4340: 4338: 1789:

Proclamation of the Moldo-Wallachian union, painting by

957:, he came in contact with and was greatly influenced by 441:

and issuing several publications together with the poet

422:, Kogălniceanu was one of the most influential Romanian 5642: 5640: 5258: 5047:

Clark, p. 53; Giurescu, pp. 148–149; Stavrianos, p. 353

4876:, p. 81; Barbu & Preda, pp. 448–449; Gorovei, p. 10 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3399:, or "Sketch of the History, Mores and Language of the 3314:

Cuvânt pentru deschiderea cursului de istorie națională

2708:, who was still one of the powers supervising Romania; 2226: 1538:("Notes on Spain"), a French-language volume combining 1151:

regime, Kogălniceanu was prevented from completing his

829:(where he was cared for by Sturdza's former tutor, the 760:

family, settled for centuries in the Genoese colony of

500:, played a prominent part during the elections for the 9185: 6612:, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2001. 6501:"Universități private ieșene amenințate cu închiderea" 4746:

Histoire des relations entre la France et les Roumains

4648:

Histoire des relations entre la France et les Roumains

4231:

Histoire des relations entre la France et les Roumains

3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3836:, Mihail Kogălniceanu's image was present in official 3714:, was sold and divided during the early 20th century. 2618:

Rapt de la Bukovine d'après les documents authentiques

2616:

brochure about the Romanian cause in Bukovina. Called

2583:

Kogălniceanu also signed his name to the proclamation

2281:, gaining support from 682,621 voters out of 754,148. 2101:, which came together with the universal abolition of 2062: 1907:

Following the elections of September 1857, the entire

1827:

In addition, Kogălniceanu began printing the magazine

1251:

the Moldavian public, with interest ranging as far as

385:

statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist; he became

6684:, Ayer Publishing, Manchester, New Hampshire, 1971. 6459:" 'Ce nu scrii și tu frumos românește, măi Trăsne?' " 5095: 5093: 4893: 4891: 4752:

La guerre de Crimée et la fondation de l'Etat roumain

4682: 4680: 4335: 3894:, a plaque was dedicated to him by the French state. 3574:

politics during the early 20th century. A founder of

3566:, the youngest son, was noted for his involvement in 3552:

in 1935 (in 1939–1946, it published a magazine named

2988:. By 1883, he was becoming known as the speaker of a 2518:

and other public figures, attended Cuza's funeral in

2241:("middle people"), with two oxen—approx. 6 hectares; 1859:

s views. By that time, he was in correspondence with

9897:

Romanian people of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

6667:, Editura Biblioteca Bucureștilor, Bucharest, 2011. 6536:

International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania

5637: 4352: 4350: 3782:(where he is shown alongside Cuza, who is handing a 2636:), National Liberals (D. Sturdza) and independents ( 2565:), which were carried at the Bucharest residence of 1719:, a supporter of the liberal and unionist cause, as 1530:, but he was also curious to assess developments in 6721:

Miniștrii de interne (1862–2007). Mică enciclopedie

6398:

Introduceri la ediția critică I.L. Caragiale, opere

5356:

Romanian State Office for Inventions and Trademarks

5327: 5325: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4509: 4507: 3924: 3878:, and serving that city, the airport also houses a 3312:. To illustrate this view, he cited Kogălniceanu's 3161:

do not a nation make; that is an undeniable truth."

2177:had been the subject of controversy ever since the 1506:("The Romanian Library"), while affiliating to the 1208:. In 1844, as a Moldavian law freed some slaves in 549:, and briefly served as Romanian representative to 6290: 6288: 6286: 5399: 5397: 5369: 5367: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5090: 5038:Clark, p. 53; Giurescu, p. 148; Stavrianos, p. 353 4945:Clark, p. 53; Giurescu, p. 148; Stavrianos, p. 352 4888: 4859: 4677: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 1636:without which the national edifice would crumble". 1162: 839:. Among his colleagues was the future philosopher 7785: 5805:Annales Universitatis Apulensis, Series Historica 5447: 5445: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4347: 2201:estates, Greek as well as those of the incipient 2041:of Roman Bishopric), being publicly acclaimed by 1000:)—replacing the references to "Moldavia(n)" and " 9762:19th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights 9653: 8426: 6930:, Vols. I-II, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1970. 6304: 6302: 6300: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6230:Vianu, Vol. I, pp. 391–392; Vol. II, pp. 52, 244 5694: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5670: 5322: 4948: 4571:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4548:"Călători români în Spania secolului al XIX-lea" 4504: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4053: 4051: 3749:). He is also the subject of a short writing by 3427:have set the foundation for the local school of 3391:to preserve their purity. His 1837 study of the 2977:, the Chinese Ambassador to the United Kingdom. 2502:Even after Cuza left the country and settled in 1124:In addition, he authored a series of studies on 1064:and Moral Studies"). During summer trips to the 449:. After editing the highly influential magazine 9702:Prime ministers of the Principality of Moldavia 6283: 5394: 5364: 5231:Ioan Scurtu, "Carol I riscă și... câștigă", in 5124: 5000: 4998: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4421: 4415:Poezia românească în epoca lui Asachi și Eliade 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 3917: 3915: 2961:on his staff. The French state awarded him its 2933:, and the appropriation of uncultivated plots ( 2591:, who, as leader of the liberal splinter group 1650:revolution in Romanian-inhabited Austrian lands 1110:. He was becoming repulsed by the existence of 9907:Recipients of the Order of the Star of Romania 7054: 6978:The Mihail Kogălniceanu Memorial House in Iași 6870:, Vol. II, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1998. 5442: 4836: 4553:. Archived from the original on March 25, 2009 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4305:Călinescu, p. 77; Gorovei, p. 9; Vianu, p. 250 3702:, and, in 1930, was purchased by the novelist 3619:Vasile's sister Lucia (or Lucie) studied at a 3051: 2433:In November 1868 – January 1870, he was again 2271:Statutul dezvoltător al Convenției de la Paris 2069:Secularization of monastery estates in Romania 2003:, which prevented boyars from instituting new 1923:—a suffrage annulled by the common verdict of 897:Mihail Kogălniceanu in cadet uniform at age 18 9672:Politicians from the Principality of Moldavia 9494: 9171: 8412: 7771: 7040: 6297: 6269: 5881:Global Ramifications of the French Revolution 5679: 4048: 2164:was passed by Parliament, but Cuza would not 1298:, this was accompanied by a veiled attack on 787:(Kogălniceanu's would-be protector and foe). 9742:National Liberal Party (Romania) politicians 9712:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania) 6077: 6075: 6073: 6071: 5548:Clark, p. 62; Giura & Giura, pp. 169–170 5487: 5485: 5483: 5481: 4995: 4906:Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 23; Giurescu p. 147 4775: 4392:Amestec de curente contradictorii: G. Asachi 4373: 4371: 4163: 4057:Anineanu, p. 62; Gorovei, p. 9; Maciu, p. 66 3912: 3431:, and, together, had announced the cultural 1223:, which he edited together with Alecsandri, 426:of his generation. Siding with the moderate 69:October 11, 1863 – January 26, 1865 5846: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5738:Ion I. Ghelase, "Mocanii din Dobrogea", in 5156:Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 37; Gorovei, p. 10 4813:Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 35; Gorovei, p. 10 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4446: 4402: 4400: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 3721:were the source of inspiration for several 3670: 3039:. He was buried in his native Iași, at the 1946:. The final proposal, effectively imposing 1098:("A History of Wallachia, Moldavia, and of 814:(they studied under both Vida and Cuénim), 9632:(Religious Affairs and Public Instruction) 9501: 9487: 9178: 9164: 8419: 8405: 7778: 7764: 7047: 7033: 6806:"Valori de patrimoniu. Lucia Kogălniceanu" 6610:History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness 6187: 6185: 6131:History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness 6118:History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness 4538: 4536: 4534: 4532: 3476:featured "pages of gracious good-natured 3300:intellectuals to change the fabric of the 2903:, and a period of rebuilding—in effect, a 1255:: the almanacs published by them featured 1058:Études historiques, chrétiennes et morales 378:; September 6, 1817 – July 1, 1891) was a 127:April 3, 1877 – November 24, 1878 43: 6851:Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească 6318: 6316: 6314: 6068: 5975: 5973: 5478: 5359:Revista Română de Proprietate Industrială 4635: 4633: 4591: 4589: 4368: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 3872:Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport 2284:The new regime passed its own version of 2225:("foremost people"), who owned 4 or more 2216: 1663: 1027:. Initially hosted by a community of the 1019:, and became relatively close to her son 705:Learn how and when to remove this message 651:Learn how and when to remove this message 520:, leading Cuza to enforce them through a 9767:Romanian male dramatists and playwrights 6345: 5837: 5566:Dominuț Pădurean, "Insula Șerpilor", in 4795:Djuvara, pp. 332, 356; Gorovei, pp. 9–10 4716: 4397: 4199: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 3674: 3578:(which served as an inspiration for the 3530: 3508:("The Happy Blind Man"). Kogălniceanu's 2980:Upon his return to the newly proclaimed 2944: 2793: 2655: 2651: 2402: 2072: 1995:). The law had been initiated by Negri. 1800:representative was successful after the 1784: 1737:Dorințele partidei naționale din Moldova 1673: 1594:Dorințele partidei naționale din Moldova 1534:. Upon the end of his trip, he authored 1459:, where he met members of the secretive 1434:Dorințele partidei naționale din Moldova 1427: 802:. He completed his primary education in 471:Dorințele partidei naționale din Moldova 9867:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church 9847:Romanian theatre managers and producers 9682:Ministers of foreign affairs of Romania 9358:People's/Socialist Republic (1948-1990) 6182: 6151:Virgiliu Ene, "Studiu introductiv", in 6058:, Bucharest & Paris, 1901, p. 16. 4529: 4237:La Monarchie de juillet et les Roumains 3792:Mihail Kogălniceanu Cultural Foundation 3550:Mihail Kogălniceanu Cultural Foundation 2790:Congress of Berlin and Northern Dobruja 2399:Carol's ascent and Mazar Pașa Coalition 2353:With Kogălniceanu's participation, the 2095:secularization of the monastery estates 1180:Foaea Sătească a Prințipatului Moldovei 992:of the words "Romanian" and "Romania" ( 183:July 11, 1879 – April 17, 1880 9717:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour 9654: 7071:List of heads of government of Romania 6752:, Nr. 2–3, 1998–1999, pp. 161–175 6311: 5970: 4630: 4586: 4332:Călinescu, p. 77; Vianu, Vol. I, p. 82 3717:Chronicles edited by Kogălniceanu and 3582:after 1918), he was a collaborator of 3359:A generation younger than Ibrăileanu, 3304:by introducing strong influences from 3268:issues, he conferred citizenship upon 3210:executive to resume the expulsions of 3165:Late in his life, while crediting the 2810:) and weighed down by the addition of 2093:Sofronie Miclescu, who opposed Cuza's 1980:passed legislation forcing the end of 1490:, Kogălniceanu was in Paris and other 1443:was revoked while he was traveling to 1102:", the first volume in a synthesis of 587:Please improve this article by adding 510:secularize the property of monasteries 323:Historian, journalist, literary critic 9513:cabinet (11 July 1879 – 9 April 1881) 9482: 9159: 8400: 7759: 7028: 6949:Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava 6646:Istoria literaturii române. Compendiu 6200:Spiritul critic în cultura românească 6090:Spiritul critic în cultura românească 5859:Spiritul critic în cultura românească 5502:Research, September 19, 1979, at the 5074:Clark, p. 54; Stavrianos, pp. 355–356 4601:"Istoria României și lojile masonice" 4526:, p. 131; Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 36 4386:Spiritul critic în cultura românească 4323:Anineanu, pp. 63–64; Călinescu, p. 77 4060: 3344:made use of the dialect prevalent in 1855:which would also serve to popularize 1748:, which sought the merger of the two 1656:epidemic forced him to leave for the 1463:organization and of its legal front, 1128:. He signed these first works with a 529:A decade later, he helped create the 357: 181:November 17, 1878 – November 25, 1878 9877:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni 9697:Ministers of public works of Romania 6718:Constantin Gheorghe, Miliana Șerbu, 4983:Giurescu, p. 148; Stavrianos, p. 352 4933:Giurescu, p. 148; Stavrianos, p. 353 4654:La Révolution de 1848 et les émigrés 2860:all of its non-Christian residents ( 2833:that Romania had received under the 1972:Iordache Beldiman (in Moldavia) and 1522:, wishing to witness the wedding of 1486:Having sold his personal library to 1015:Kogălniceanu was also introduced to 662: 560: 179:November 16, 1868 – January 24, 1870 165:Internal Affairs Minister of Romania 21:Mihail Kogălniceanu (disambiguation) 9692:Ministers of agriculture of Romania 6794:Ștefan Gorovei, "Kogălnicenii", in 6747:December 1 University of Alba Iulia 5802:December 1 University of Alba Iulia 5198:Giura & Giura, pp. 164–166, 171 4146:Encyclopedia of Revolutions of 1848 3855:, and housing Han's sculpture) and 2856:. The government pledged itself to 2640:) all signed up to the enterprise. 2156:, after the interim premiership of 2063:Secularization of monastery estates 1278:, Kogălniceanu began expanding his 1021:George of Cumberland and Teviotdale 177:October 11, 1863 – January 26, 1865 113:Foreign Affairs Minister of Romania 13: 9892:Romanian people of the Crimean War 9747:Presidents of the Romanian Academy 6855:Editura Fundației Culturale Române 3890:in Moldavia, founded in 1990). In 3874:(situated 26 km northwest of 3828:. During the latter stages of the 3504:("Two Women against One Man") and 3283: 3202:policies. He used his position as 2033:union of the two countries as the 1851:, as a French-language version of 1777:provisional, and thus powerless". 14: 9918: 9887:People of the Revolutions of 1848 9752:Romanian book publishers (people) 6968: 6733:Romanian Ministry of the Interior 6561:Central European University Press 3482:Fiziologia provincialului în Iași 3453:, and especially its main figure 3383:additionally, he argued that the 2743:, specifically demanding Russian 2594:Fracțiunea liberă și independentă 2407:Portrait of an aging Kogălniceanu 2045:, the peasant representative for 1034:, he later became the guest of a 9837:19th-century Romanian memoirists 9787:19th-century Romanian historians 9687:Ministers of interior of Romania 7748:indicates current office holder. 7194: 6956:, Nr. 14 (2008), pp. 77–117 6828:The Congress of Berlin and After 6816:, Nr. 11-12 (2001), pp. 8–9 6791:, Bucharest, 1988, pp. 5–22 6512: 6490: 6477: 6448: 6431: 6404: 6383: 6374: 6260: 6251: 6242: 6233: 6224: 6211: 6169: 6145: 6136: 6123: 6110: 6101: 6041: 6028: 6013: 5954: 5930: 5918: 5906: 5897: 5887:, Cambridge etc., 2002, p. 65. 5870: 5828: 5819: 5810: 5780: 5771: 5756: 5747: 5732: 5723: 5714: 5628: 5619: 5606: 5597: 5584: 5575: 5560: 5551: 5542: 5533: 5524: 5511: 5469: 5460: 5433: 5424: 5282:Gheorghe & Șerbu, pp. 79, 87 5087:, p. 81; Stavrianos, pp. 355–356 4269:Vianu, Vol. II, pp. 276–277, 311 3502:Două femei împotriva unui bărbat 2767:". Late in 1877, he traveled to 2533:(1875), he began talks with the 1194:Calendar pentru Poporul Românesc 1017:Frederica, Duchess of Cumberland 931: 911: 890: 878: 866: 667: 565: 359:[mihaˈilkoɡəlniˈtʃe̯anu] 331: 9902:Burials at Eternitatea cemetery 9727:Romanian independence activists 6221:, p. 111; Vianu, Vol. II, p. 19 5415: 5406: 5385: 5376: 5334: 5307: 5298: 5285: 5276: 5249: 5240: 5225: 5216: 5201: 5192: 5183: 5168: 5159: 5138: 5115: 5102: 5077: 5068: 5059: 5056:Gheorghe & Șerbu, pp. 35–37 5050: 5041: 5032: 5019: 4986: 4927: 4918: 4909: 4900: 4879: 4866: 4829:, in the V. A. Urechia Library 4816: 4807: 4798: 4789: 4766: 4757: 4707: 4698: 4689: 4668: 4659: 4621: 4516: 4501:Călinescu, p. 77; Gorovei, p. 9 4495: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4437: 4365:Vianu, Vol. I, pp. 71, 104, 413 4359: 4326: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4290: 4281: 4272: 4263: 3193: 2986:international Danube navigation 2739:were to join the war effort in 1919:, carried out an anti-unionist 1780: 1163:In opposition to Prince Sturdza 806:, where he attended the Cuénim 469:, authoring its main document, 437:, while serving as head of the 389:on October 11, 1863, after the 6798:, July 1977, pp. 6–10, 60 6743:"Otto von Bismarck și românii" 6741:Maura G. Giura, Lucian Giura, 6579:, October 1971, pp. 62–67 5603:Giura & Giura, pp. 170–171 5475:Giura & Giura, pp. 167–169 5016:Clark, p. 53; Giurescu, p. 148 4242: 4045:Anineanu, p. 62; Gorovei, p. 9 4039: 3903: 3884:Mihail Kogălniceanu University 3520: 2940: 2864:History of the Jews in Romania 2798:Romanian reactions toward the 2302:Alexandru Papadopol-Callimachi 1573:, where he took refuge on the 798:, and who was an associate of 779:boyaress who married into the 535:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 455:and serving as a professor at 125:April 27, 1876 – July 23, 1876 1: 9807:19th-century Romanian lawyers 8943:Socialist Republic of Romania 7787:Interior Ministers of Romania 6623:Romania: Borderland of Europe 6524: 6439:Romania: Borderland of Europe 5667:, Vol. VII, 2008, pp. 152–153 5557:Norton Medlicott, pp. 189–190 5521:, p. 390; D. Vitcu, pp. 95sqq 5508:; retrieved September 8, 2021 5505:Blinken Open Society Archives 5110:Romania: Borderland of Europe 5085:Romania: Borderland of Europe 5027:Romania: Borderland of Europe 4874:Romania: Borderland of Europe 4713:Anineanu, p. 64; Maciu, p. 67 4278:Cândea, p. 127; Gorovei, p. 9 4160:; retrieved November 29, 2011 3857:Mihail Kogălniceanu Boulevard 3737:, is briefly mentioned in an 3486:Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin 2603:and its anti-liberal gazette 1976:(in Wallachia). In November, 1861:Jean Henri Abdolonyme Ubicini 1577:' property (in parallel, the 1496:Societatea Studenților Români 1417: 1202:Foaie Științifică și Literară 975:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 790:Kogălniceanu was educated at 717: 589:secondary or tertiary sources 9732:European liberal politicians 9707:Members of the Ad hoc Divans 9195:Romanian Academy (1876-1948) 8428:Foreign Ministers of Romania 6557:The Roma in Romanian History 6266:Gorovei, p. 60; Guțanu, p. 8 5944:, Cambridge, 1997, p. 136. 5807:, Nr. 4-5, 2000–2001, p. 134 3635:(according to the memoirist 3274:Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea 2949:Kogălniceanu's grave in Iași 2733:Order of the Star of Romania 2686:Romanian War of Independence 1814:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia 1455:celebration, he traveled to 902: 556: 506:traditional ranks and titles 7: 6464:September 27, 2007, at the 6159:, Bucharest, 1977, p. xx. 6107:Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 36 5777:Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 80 5612:Clark, pp. 62, 352; Ornea, 5430:Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 85 5180:, September 1971, pp. 37–39 5165:Gheorghe & Șerbu, p. 37 4831:Buletinul Fundației Urechia 4627:Gorovei, p. 9; Maciu, p. 66 4260:Vianu, Vol. II, pp. 273–277 3052:Liberalism and conservatism 2667:The Illustrated London News 2422:, with the adoption of the 2322:units), the unification of 1561:Following the onset of the 1371:). Other professors at the 969:, and especially Professor 775:was Marghioala Calimach, a 10: 9923: 9857:Romanian writers in French 9827:Romanian magazine founders 9677:Prime ministers of Romania 6963:, May 1973, pp. 18–22 6888:Cambridge University Press 6826:William Norton Medlicott, 6823:, May 1975, pp. 66–69 6332:December 22, 2007, at the 5989:February 24, 2012, at the 5942:Cambridge University Press 5885:Cambridge University Press 3849:Mihail Kogălniceanu Square 3690:area and known locally as 3643:, she came to support the 3524: 3234:for the Jewish community. 3089:Karl August von Hardenberg 3037:Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol 2927:of land once owned by the 2277:, it was submitted to the 2066: 1839:. Kogălniceanu encouraged 1667: 1421: 1166: 959:Friedrich Carl von Savigny 835:Lhommé), and later at the 18: 9882:Romani history in Romania 9822:Romanian magazine editors 9817:Romanian male journalists 9792:Romanian literary critics 9536: 9518: 9427: 9355: 9194: 9144: 9009: 8941: 8593: 8434: 8246: 8183: 7905: 7793: 7731: 7541: 7493: 7203: 7192: 7079: 7066: 6901:Leften Stavros Stavrianos 6764:Editura Pentru Literatură 6727:October 17, 2020, at the 6217:Călinescu, p. 78; Ornea, 5963:, pp. 22, 25, 45; Ornea, 5903:Barbu & Preda, p. 449 5189:Giura & Giura, p. 164 3830:Romanian Communist regime 3679:Kogălniceanu's statue in 3665:the major strikes of 1920 3515: 3204:Internal Affairs Minister 2994:universal (male) suffrage 2773:Austrian Foreign Minister 2646:European-like patent laws 2488:Carol, the Prussian-born 2312:, the establishment of a 2087:Prime Minister of Romania 2013:, replacing the unionist- 1954:and an end to rank-based 1944:Constantine Mavrocordatos 1884:representative government 1695:Convention of Balta Liman 1585:managed to gain power in 1424:1848 Moldavian revolution 1375:, originating in several 1367:and the 1848 generation ( 742:Constantine Mavrocordatos 480:(1853–1856), with Prince 467:1848 Moldavian revolution 387:Prime Minister of Romania 339: 327: 319: 311: 301: 287: 267: 244: 239: 235: 211: 187: 170: 163: 147: 131: 118: 111: 99: 87: 73: 62: 57:Prime Minister of Romania 55: 51: 42: 30: 9812:19th-century journalists 9802:Romanian revolutionaries 9428:Romanian Academy (1990-) 6356:"Casa cu turn din Copou" 6153:Basme populare românești 4139:January 3, 2004, at the 3909:Gorovei, pp. 6, 7, 8, 10 3897: 3671:Landmarks and portrayals 3596:Peasants' Revolt of 1907 3445:and literary researcher 3316:, which notably states: 3244:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu 3224:National Christian Party 3127:Romanian liberal faction 3075:politician who combined 3046: 2843:William Henry Waddington 2676:Foreign Affairs Minister 2570:Stephen Bartlett Lakeman 2435:Minister of the Interior 2348:Peasants' Revolt of 1907 2336:Către locuitorii sătești 2233:of land, or approx. 7.5 1982:religious discrimination 1697:, through which the two 1504:La Bibliothèque roumaine 1253:Romanian culinary tastes 1094:and the French-language 861:education institutions. 783:, and was the mother of 418:under Cuza and Carol. A 9852:Romanian travel writers 9777:Romanian male essayists 9737:Conservatism in Romania 9722:Moldavian abolitionists 9356:Academy of the Romanian 8440:Principality of Romania 7799:Principality of Romania 7010:Internet Movie Database 6120:, pp. 40–41, 49–50, 115 6005:March 29, 2010, at the 5995:Babeș-Bolyai University 5796:April 25, 2012, at the 5656:April 25, 2012, at the 5572:, September 2008, p. 10 5144:Stavrianos, pp. 356–357 5065:Stavrianos, pp. 353–355 4583:, Nr. 28, November 2003 3586:in campaigning for the 3385:Second Bulgarian Empire 3085:Baron vom und zum Stein 2894:Principality of Karvuna 2714:French Foreign Minister 2578:Coalition of Mazar Pașa 2416:Principality of Romania 2275:universal male suffrage 2199:Eastern Orthodox Church 2077:Opening session of the 1824:, in place until 1864. 1822:Constitution of Romania 1750:Danubian Principalities 1717:Grigore Alexandru Ghica 1516:L'Athénée des étrangers 1473:August Treboniu Laurian 1333:Jean Alexandre Vaillant 676:This article cites its 482:Grigore Alexandru Ghica 414:. He was several times 395:Danubian Principalities 355:Romanian pronunciation: 9772:19th-century essayists 7005:Războiul Independenței 6906:The Balkans since 1453 6756:Constantin C. Giurescu 6025:, November 2007, p. 53 5768:, November 2007, p. 40 5744:, Nr. 1-2/1933, p. 127 5273:, July 1995, pp. 40–41 5213:, November 2011, p. 84 4833:, Nr. 11, 2010, p. 109 4248:Vianu, Vol. II, p. 281 4152:June 23, 2007, at the 3826:Războiul Independenței 3683: 3540: 3340:and successors of the 3336:, at a time when both 3330: 3191: 3163: 2950: 2913:Ion Ionescu de la Brad 2901:Ottoman administration 2814: 2671: 2574:National Liberal Party 2418:was established under 2408: 2308:, the introduction of 2217:Cuza's personal regime 2082: 1843:to issue the magazine 1793: 1758: 1690: 1664:Prince Ghica's reforms 1638: 1436: 1415: 1385:Ion Ionescu de la Brad 1134:Michel de Kogalnitchan 1121:in Western countries. 1072:, he met the novelist 1023:, the future ruler of 963:Alexander von Humboldt 944:Michel de Kogalnitchan 924:Michel de Kogalnitchan 792:Trei Ierarhi monastery 576:relies excessively on 531:National Liberal Party 406:, and later served as 376:Michel de Kogalnitchan 306:National Liberal Party 9862:Politicians from Iași 9832:Romanian food writers 8436:United Principalities 7795:United Principalities 7081:United Principalities 6999:Independența României 6868:Junimea și junimismul 6380:Vianu, Vol. I, p. 82 6361:May 23, 2012, at the 6054:, Émile Storck & 5936:Albert S. Lindemann, 5729:D. Vitcu, pp. 107–108 5720:D. Vitcu, pp. 105–107 5701:Constantin Iordachi, 5539:D. Vitcu, pp. 97, 100 5319:, March 1999, pp. 5–6 4915:Giurescu, pp. 147–148 4492:Senelick, pp. 314–315 4344:Grigorescu, pp. 20–21 4134:"Mihail Kogălniceanu" 4030:Mihail Kogălniceanu, 3813:Independența României 3678: 3637:Constantin Argetoianu 3534: 3498:National Theater Iași 3466:Alexandru Hrisoverghi 3338:Ion Heliade Rădulescu 3324:of calling ourselves 3318: 3179: 3155: 2948: 2797: 2721:Imperial Russian Army 2706:French Third Republic 2659: 2652:Romanian independence 2420:Carol of Hohenzollern 2406: 2314:national police corps 2195:Dimitrie Bolintineanu 2152:(he was succeeded by 2150:Wallachian revolution 2076: 2035:United Principalities 1788: 1754: 1677: 1652:. In January 1849, a 1630: 1583:Wallachian revolution 1502:. He also frequented 1500:Alphonse de Lamartine 1431: 1407: 1344:National Theater Iași 1204:, 1843), and several 1132:version of his name, 1081:Frederick William III 977:on Romanian thought, 953:During his period in 726:, he belonged to the 600:"Mihail Kogălniceanu" 6857:, Bucharest, 1995. 6766:, Bucharest, 1966. 6239:Călinescu, pp. 77–78 5665:Anale. Seria Istorie 5662:University of Galați 5439:D. Vitcu, pp. 92–93 5350:May 5, 2012, at the 4772:Djuvara, pp. 355–356 4704:Djuvara, pp. 275–278 4674:Djuvara, pp. 332–333 4296:Djuvara, pp. 128–129 3880:U.S. Military Forces 3753:(first published by 3723:historical novelists 3342:Transylvanian School 3167:University of Berlin 3041:Eternitatea cemetery 2990:liberal conservative 2835:1856 Treaty of Paris 2737:Romanian Land Forces 2563:Alexandru G. Golescu 2469:Republic of Ploiești 2430:Historical Section. 2344:political corruption 2342:and instances where 2306:Bucharest University 2298:Gheorghe Apostoleanu 2229:, were to receive 5 1810:Second French Empire 1802:1856 Treaty of Paris 1704:Regulamentul Organic 1616:separation of powers 1603:Regulamentul Organic 1567:Moldavian revolution 1563:European Revolutions 1477:Alexandru G. Golescu 1453:Romantic nationalist 1231:, he printed all of 1149:Regulamentul Organic 1108:German Confederation 1100:Transdanubian Vlachs 850:Regulamentul Organic 837:University of Berlin 796:Transylvanian School 463:Romantic nationalist 19:For other uses, see 9872:Romanian Freemasons 9842:Romanian memoirists 9610:Gheorghe Slăniceanu 9560:Alexandru Teriachiu 9544:Mihail Kogălniceanu 6890:, Cambridge, 1991. 6882:Laurence Senelick, 6785:Fiziologia gustului 6705:, Bucharest, 1995. 6678:Charles Upson Clark 6509:, February 21, 2011 6457:Constantin Coroiu, 6327:"Bijuterii mortale" 6010:, 2007, pp. 139–140 5825:Anineanu, pp. 66–67 5634:D. Vitcu, pp. 90–91 5625:D. Vitcu, pp. 85–86 5466:D. Vitcu, pp. 94–95 5457:, March 2000, p. 60 5412:D. Vitcu, pp. 89–91 5382:D. Vitcu, pp. 87–88 5361:, Nr. 2/2009, p. 56 5255:D. Gh. Vitcu, p. 22 5246:D. Gh. Vitcu, p. 20 5237:, March 2002, p. 29 5121:Anineanu, pp. 64–65 3886:in Iași (the first 3861:Mihail Kogălniceanu 3853:Izvor metro station 3788:Raffaello Romanelli 3600:Chamber of Deputies 3564:Vasile Kogălniceanu 3527:Kogălniceanu family 3510:Notes sur l'Espagne 3490:Physiologie du goût 3169:and its notions of 3143:Wallachian uprising 3067:Kogălniceanu was a 2965:, with the rank of 2854:Jewish Emancipation 2827:Southern Bessarabia 2808:Southern Bessarabia 2757:diplomatic agencies 2340:estate leaseholders 2154:Nicolae Kretzulescu 2099:land reform of 1864 2079:Romanian Parliament 1729:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 1612:political liberties 1575:Hurmuzachi brothers 1536:Notes sur l'Espagne 1488:Academia Mihăileană 1465:Soțietatea Literară 1365:University of Paris 1360:Academia Mihăileană 1126:Romanian literature 981:noted that certain 734:, being the son of 728:Kogălniceanu family 458:Academia Mihăileană 404:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 372:Mihail Cogâlniceanu 346:Mihail Kogălniceanu 194:Nicolae Kretzulescu 106:Nicolae Kretzulescu 94:Nicolae Kretzulescu 78:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 32:Mihail Kogălniceanu 9782:Romanian essayists 9620:Nicolae Crețulescu 9572:(External Affairs) 9186:Presidents of the 9011:Romania since 1989 8814:Ion I. C. Brătianu 8762:Ion I. C. Brătianu 8741:Ion I. C. Brătianu 8721:Ion I. C. Brătianu 8695:Ion I. C. Brătianu 8595:Kingdom of Romania 8534:Calimachi-Catargiu 8519:Calimachi-Catargiu 8248:Romania since 1989 8185:Socialist Republic 7907:Kingdom of Romania 7543:Romania since 1989 7368:Ion I. C. Brătianu 7353:Ion I. C. Brătianu 7328:Ion I. C. Brătianu 7308:Ion I. C. Brătianu 7293:Ion I. C. Brătianu 7205:Kingdom of Romania 7019:Romanian Athenaeum 6810:University of Iași 6563:, Budapest, 2004. 6371:, October 28, 2005 6195:Garabet Ibrăileanu 6085:Garabet Ibrăileanu 5854:Garabet Ibrăileanu 5099:Stavrianos, p. 356 4992:Stavrianos, p. 352 4897:Stavrianos, p. 353 4686:Achim, pp. 111–112 4618:, October 11, 2004 4465:, July 1977, p. 15 4381:Garabet Ibrăileanu 3888:private university 3780:Romanian Athenaeum 3751:Ion Luca Caragiale 3727:Alexandru Odobescu 3684: 3656:Cantacuzino family 3614:Alexandru Averescu 3588:universal suffrage 3576:Partida Țărănească 3541: 3429:literary criticism 3290:Garabet Ibrăileanu 3093:Bernhard von Bülow 3004:fund, publicizing 2982:Kingdom of Romania 2959:Alexandru Lahovary 2951: 2877:agent of influence 2819:Congress of Berlin 2815: 2800:Congress of Berlin 2763:in Bucharest into 2710:Louis, duc Decazes 2672: 2638:Alexandru Odobescu 2527:Conservative Party 2455:Minister President 2445:peasants by rogue 2409: 2294:George D. Vernescu 2083: 1857:Partida Națională' 1845:L'Étoile de Danube 1794: 1691: 1685:, photographed in 1670:Slavery in Romania 1467:(including Ghica, 1437: 1379:, were Ion Ghica, 1377:historical regions 1296:Garabet Ibrăileanu 1292:Western literature 1284:Alexandru Odobescu 1043:German unification 218:Constantin Bosianu 82:Carol I of Romania 9797:Romanian printers 9757:Writers from Iași 9649: 9648: 9596:Anastase Stolojan 9555:Anastase Stolojan 9476: 9475: 9202:Heliade Rădulescu 9153: 9152: 9148: 9147:* denotes interim 9059:Popescu-Tăriceanu 8923:Niculescu-Buzești 8468:Papadopol-Calimah 8463:Rosetti-Bălănescu 8394: 8393: 7990:I. I. C. Brătianu 7753: 7752: 7607:Popescu-Tăriceanu 6953:Codrul Cosminului 6913:, London, 2000. 6911:C. Hurst & Co 6789:Editura Meridiane 6673:978-973-8369-90-0 6652:, Bucharest, 1983 6629:, London, 2001. 6518:Cândea, pp. 15–16 6499:Victoria Cantir, 6368:Jurnalul Național 6056:Éditions Larousse 5877:Jerzy W. Borejsza 5500:Radio Free Europe 5492:George Ciorănescu 5222:Cândea, pp. 44–45 4804:Gorovei, pp. 9–10 4615:Jurnalul Național 4356:Grigorescu, p. 21 4314:Achim, pp. 99–100 3834:Nicolae Ceaușescu 3822:Sergiu Nicolaescu 3818:George Constantin 3725:, beginning with 3719:Costache Negruzzi 3700:Romanian Campaign 3606:, he served as a 3554:Arhiva Românească 3545:Moldavian Militia 3470:Costache Negruzzi 3417:Vasile Alecsandri 3412:Romanian folklore 3380:Michael the Brave 3377:Wallachian Prince 3334:literary language 3310:Romance languages 3302:Romanian language 3112:French Revolution 3100:constitutionalism 3022:Elisabeth of Wied 3002:Eudoxiu Hurmuzaki 2702:Aleksandr Nelidov 2559:Dimitrie Brătianu 2463:Romanian Railways 2459:Otto von Bismarck 2424:1866 Constitution 2389:Vasile Alecsandri 2252:Monitorul Oficial 2203:Romanian Orthodox 2191:Interior Minister 2111:Common Commission 1978:Partida Națională 1909:Partida Națională 1870:of landowners in 1798:Partida Națională 1745:Partida Națională 1721:Prince of Moldova 1683:Vasile Alecsandri 1556:Revue de l'Orient 1321:Foaie Științifică 1305:Albina Românească 1233:Dimitrie Cantemir 1229:Costache Negruzzi 1221:Foaie Științifică 1190:Arhiva Românească 1176:Alăuta Românească 1054:Alexandru Sturdza 971:Leopold von Ranke 873:Ilie Kogălniceanu 855:French Revolution 812:Vasile Alecsandri 715: 714: 707: 682:does not provide 661: 660: 653: 635: 512:. His efforts at 445:and the activist 443:Vasile Alecsandri 416:Interior Minister 343: 342: 255:September 6, 1817 158:Ion C. Câmpineanu 9914: 9576:Dimitrie Sturdza 9503: 9496: 9489: 9480: 9479: 9188:Romanian Academy 9180: 9173: 9166: 9157: 9156: 9146: 8421: 8414: 8407: 8398: 8397: 7780: 7773: 7766: 7757: 7756: 7744:office holders. 7198: 7049: 7042: 7035: 7026: 7025: 6984: 6976: 6942: 6928:Scriitori români 6834:, London, 1963. 6812:Central Library 6803: 6740: 6717: 6657: 6642:George Călinescu 6519: 6516: 6510: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6485:History and Myth 6481: 6475: 6474:, March 18, 2003 6456: 6452: 6446: 6443:History and Myth 6435: 6429: 6419:Editura Albatros 6415:Versuri și proză 6408: 6402: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6378: 6372: 6353: 6349: 6343: 6324: 6320: 6309: 6306: 6295: 6292: 6281: 6278: 6267: 6264: 6258: 6257:Guțanu, pp. 8, 9 6255: 6249: 6248:Senelick, p. 312 6246: 6240: 6237: 6231: 6228: 6222: 6215: 6209: 6193: 6189: 6180: 6177:History and Myth 6173: 6167: 6157:Editura Albatros 6149: 6143: 6140: 6134: 6127: 6121: 6114: 6108: 6105: 6099: 6083: 6079: 6066: 6045: 6039: 6032: 6026: 6017: 6011: 5977: 5968: 5965:Anii treizeci... 5958: 5952: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5910: 5904: 5901: 5895: 5874: 5868: 5852: 5848: 5835: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5808: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5775: 5769: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5745: 5741:Viața Românească 5736: 5730: 5727: 5721: 5718: 5712: 5700: 5696: 5677: 5674: 5668: 5649:Nicolae Ioniță, 5648: 5644: 5635: 5632: 5626: 5623: 5617: 5614:Anii treizeci... 5610: 5604: 5601: 5595: 5592:Anii treizeci... 5588: 5582: 5579: 5573: 5564: 5558: 5555: 5549: 5546: 5540: 5537: 5531: 5528: 5522: 5519:Anii treizeci... 5515: 5509: 5489: 5476: 5473: 5467: 5464: 5458: 5449: 5440: 5437: 5431: 5428: 5422: 5419: 5413: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5392: 5389: 5383: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5362: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5331:Giurescu, p. 291 5329: 5320: 5311: 5305: 5302: 5296: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5274: 5265: 5256: 5253: 5247: 5244: 5238: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5214: 5205: 5199: 5196: 5190: 5187: 5181: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5157: 5154: 5145: 5142: 5136: 5133: 5122: 5119: 5113: 5106: 5100: 5097: 5088: 5081: 5075: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5048: 5045: 5039: 5036: 5030: 5023: 5017: 5014: 5005: 5002: 4993: 4990: 4984: 4981: 4972: 4971:Giurescu, p. 148 4969: 4946: 4943: 4934: 4931: 4925: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4907: 4904: 4898: 4895: 4886: 4885:Giurescu, p. 147 4883: 4877: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4834: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4787: 4784: 4773: 4770: 4764: 4763:Maciu, pp. 67–68 4761: 4755: 4739: 4735: 4714: 4711: 4705: 4702: 4696: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4675: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4657: 4641: 4637: 4628: 4625: 4619: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4597: 4593: 4584: 4576: 4570: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4527: 4524:History and Myth 4520: 4514: 4513:Călinescu, p. 77 4511: 4502: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4483:Senelick, p. 313 4481: 4475: 4472: 4466: 4457: 4444: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4419: 4408: 4404: 4395: 4379: 4375: 4366: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4345: 4342: 4333: 4330: 4324: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4297: 4294: 4288: 4287:Achim, pp. 98–99 4285: 4279: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4249: 4246: 4240: 4224: 4220: 4197: 4194: 4161: 4131: 4058: 4055: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4029: 4025: 3922: 3919: 3910: 3907: 3868:Constanța County 3704:Mihail Sadoveanu 3698:for part of the 3590:and legislating 3361:George Călinescu 3308:or other modern 3212:Jewish community 3177:", he stressed: 3135:Nicolae Bălcescu 3062:Romanian culture 3014:Romanian history 2963:Legion of Honour 2823:Northern Dobruja 2812:Northern Dobruja 2695:Eastern Question 2680:War of 1877–1878 2585:Alegătorul Liber 2547:Dimitrie Sturdza 2428:Romanian Academy 2375:Marija Obrenović 2367:state monopolies 2363:public education 2146:Mitropoliei Hill 2139:L. S. Stavrianos 2081:in February 1860 2019:National Liberal 1913:Nicolae Vogoride 1836:România Literară 1762:Petre Mavrogheni 1510:and joining the 1492:Western European 1469:Nicolae Bălcescu 1397:, as well as in 1348:French repertory 1288:Romanian culture 1265:European cuisine 1104:Romanian history 1074:Willibald Alexis 935: 915: 894: 885:Catinca Stavilla 882: 870: 769:Romanian Academy 744:, through which 710: 703: 699: 696: 690: 671: 670: 663: 656: 649: 645: 642: 636: 634: 593: 569: 561: 547:Romanian Academy 543:Northern Dobruja 408:Foreign Minister 370:; also known as 369: 368: 367: 361: 356: 352: 335: 274: 254: 252: 240:Personal details 214: 190: 175: 150: 134: 123: 102: 90: 67: 47: 28: 27: 9922: 9921: 9917: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9912: 9911: 9652: 9651: 9650: 9645: 9636:Ion C. Brătianu 9625:Vasile Boerescu 9600:Dimitrie Gianni 9590:Ion C. Brătianu 9581:Ion C. Brătianu 9570:Vasile Boerescu 9549:Ion C. Brătianu 9532: 9528:Ion C. Brătianu 9514: 9511:Ion C. Brătianu 9507: 9477: 9472: 9423: 9357: 9351: 9332:Rădulescu-Motru 9190: 9184: 9154: 9149: 9140: 9005: 8937: 8882:Petrescu-Comnen 8628:Ion C. Brătianu 8589: 8438: 8430: 8425: 8395: 8390: 8242: 8179: 8150:Dumitru Popescu 7901: 7797: 7789: 7784: 7754: 7749: 7727: 7537: 7489: 7223:Ion C. Brătianu 7213:Ion C. Brătianu 7199: 7190: 7186:Ion C. Brătianu 7075: 7062: 7056:Prime Ministers 7053: 6994:, at wikisource 6982: 6974: 6971: 6966: 6961:Magazin Istoric 6943:Dumitru Vitcu, 6940: 6821:Magazin Istoric 6801: 6796:Magazin Istoric 6781:Brillat-Savarin 6738: 6729:Wayback Machine 6715: 6682:United Roumania 6655: 6650:Editura Minerva 6576:Magazin Istoric 6542:, Iași, 2004. 6527: 6522: 6517: 6513: 6496: 6495: 6491: 6482: 6478: 6466:Wayback Machine 6454: 6453: 6449: 6436: 6432: 6411:Dimitrie Anghel 6409: 6405: 6389: 6388: 6384: 6379: 6375: 6363:Wayback Machine 6351: 6350: 6346: 6342:, March 7, 2006 6334:Wayback Machine 6322: 6321: 6312: 6307: 6298: 6293: 6284: 6279: 6270: 6265: 6261: 6256: 6252: 6247: 6243: 6238: 6234: 6229: 6225: 6216: 6212: 6191: 6190: 6183: 6174: 6170: 6150: 6146: 6141: 6137: 6128: 6124: 6115: 6111: 6106: 6102: 6081: 6080: 6069: 6046: 6042: 6033: 6029: 6022:Magazin Istoric 6018: 6014: 6007:Wayback Machine 5991:Wayback Machine 5978: 5971: 5959: 5955: 5935: 5931: 5923: 5919: 5911: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5875: 5871: 5850: 5849: 5838: 5834:Anineanu, p. 67 5833: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5816:Anineanu, p. 66 5815: 5811: 5798:Wayback Machine 5786: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5772: 5765:Magazin Istoric 5761: 5757: 5752: 5748: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5715: 5698: 5697: 5680: 5676:D. Vitcu, p. 85 5675: 5671: 5658:Wayback Machine 5646: 5645: 5638: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5620: 5611: 5607: 5602: 5598: 5589: 5585: 5580: 5576: 5569:Magazin Istoric 5565: 5561: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5529: 5525: 5516: 5512: 5490: 5479: 5474: 5470: 5465: 5461: 5454:Magazin Istoric 5450: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5403:D. Vitcu, p. 89 5402: 5395: 5390: 5386: 5381: 5377: 5373:D. Vitcu, p. 81 5372: 5365: 5352:Wayback Machine 5340: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5323: 5316:Magazin Istoric 5312: 5308: 5303: 5299: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5270:Magazin Istoric 5266: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5234:Magazin Istoric 5230: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5210:Magazin Istoric 5206: 5202: 5197: 5193: 5188: 5184: 5177:Magazin Istoric 5173: 5169: 5164: 5160: 5155: 5148: 5143: 5139: 5135:Anineanu, p. 65 5134: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5091: 5082: 5078: 5073: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5042: 5037: 5033: 5024: 5020: 5015: 5008: 5003: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4975: 4970: 4949: 4944: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4905: 4901: 4896: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4837: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4737: 4736: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4695:Djuvara, p. 278 4694: 4690: 4685: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4639: 4638: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4598:Vasile Surcel, 4595: 4594: 4587: 4564: 4563: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4541: 4530: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4462:Magazin Istoric 4458: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4434:Anineanu, p. 64 4433: 4422: 4406: 4405: 4398: 4377: 4376: 4369: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4348: 4343: 4336: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4222: 4221: 4200: 4195: 4164: 4158:Ohio University 4154:Wayback Machine 4141:Wayback Machine 4132: 4061: 4056: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4027: 4026: 3925: 3920: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3882:base), and the 3806:—most notably, 3772:Costin Petrescu 3765:Dimitrie Anghel 3673: 3660:fortune-telling 3621:boarding school 3584:Vintilă Rosetti 3580:Peasants' Party 3529: 3523: 3518: 3433:professionalism 3286: 3284:Cultural tenets 3240:Jewish question 3196: 3139:majoritarianism 3104:civil liberties 3054: 3049: 3020:, and his wife 3018:King of Romania 2943: 2925:nationalization 2890:Romanianization 2829:, a portion of 2792: 2769:Austria-Hungary 2660:Russians enter 2654: 2630:Theodor Rosetti 2624:Conservatives ( 2589:Nicolae Ionescu 2576:—the so-called 2541:(most notably, 2537:faction of the 2531:Lascăr Catargiu 2482:Austria-Hungary 2401: 2359:Napoleonic code 2310:identity papers 2279:1864 plebiscite 2219: 2211:Sophoronius III 2160:). On June 23, 2158:Apostol Arsachi 2071: 2065: 2001:Dimitrie Rallet 1986:Roman Catholics 1948:one law for all 1921:electoral fraud 1866:Elected by the 1841:Nicolae Ionescu 1783: 1672: 1666: 1658:French Republic 1648:, the voice of 1618:, abolition of 1548:historiographic 1532:Spanish culture 1426: 1420: 1300:Gheorghe Asachi 1210:Orthodox Church 1171: 1165: 1006:Gheorghe Asachi 990:French-language 951: 950: 949: 948: 947: 936: 928: 927: 916: 905: 898: 895: 886: 883: 874: 871: 841:Grigore Sturdza 808:boarding school 800:Gheorghe Șincai 720: 711: 700: 694: 691: 688: 684:page references 672: 668: 657: 646: 640: 637: 594: 592: 586: 582:primary sources 570: 559: 428:liberal current 363: 362: 354: 348: 302:Political party 276: 272: 256: 250: 248: 228: 224: 220: 212: 204: 200: 196: 188: 182: 180: 178: 176: 171: 156: 154:Nicolae Ionescu 148: 142:Nicolae Ionescu 140: 138:Dimitrie Cornea 132: 126: 124: 119: 100: 88: 80: 68: 63: 38: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9920: 9910: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9643: 9642:(Public Works) 9640:Nicolae Dabija 9633: 9617: 9606:Dimitrie Lecca 9603: 9593: 9586:Ion Câmpineanu 9573: 9567: 9540: 9538: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9530: 9524: 9522: 9520:Prime Minister 9516: 9515: 9506: 9505: 9498: 9491: 9483: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9470: 9465: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9440:Constantinescu 9437: 9431: 9429: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9421: 9416: 9408: 9403: 9395: 9390: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9361: 9359: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9191: 9183: 9182: 9175: 9168: 9160: 9151: 9150: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9015: 9013: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8947: 8945: 8939: 8938: 8936: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8706:Iacob Lahovary 8703: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8599: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8444: 8442: 8432: 8431: 8424: 8423: 8416: 8409: 8401: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8252: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8189: 8187: 8181: 8180: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8015:Constantinescu 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7911: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7852:I. C. Brătianu 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7803: 7801: 7791: 7790: 7783: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7760: 7751: 7750: 7732: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7725: 7718: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7655: 7650: 7643: 7638: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7580: 7575: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7547: 7545: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7499: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7209: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7091: 7085: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7052: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7012: 6995: 6980: 6970: 6969:External links 6967: 6965: 6964: 6957: 6938: 6921: 6898: 6880: 6879: 6878: 6865: 6842: 6824: 6817: 6804:Laura Guțanu, 6799: 6792: 6777:Dan Grigorescu 6774: 6753: 6736: 6713: 6692: 6675: 6653: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6627:Reaktion Books 6620: 6601: 6587:Cristian Preda 6580: 6571: 6550: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6520: 6511: 6506:Ziarul de Iași 6489: 6476: 6447: 6430: 6403: 6393:Paul Zarifopol 6382: 6373: 6354:Adrian Pârvu, 6344: 6325:Silvia Craus, 6310: 6296: 6294:Gorovei, p. 60 6282: 6268: 6259: 6250: 6241: 6232: 6223: 6210: 6203:(wikisource): 6181: 6168: 6144: 6135: 6122: 6109: 6100: 6093:(wikisource): 6067: 6048:Lazare Sainéan 6040: 6027: 6012: 6000:Studia Judaica 5969: 5953: 5929: 5917: 5905: 5896: 5869: 5862:(wikisource): 5836: 5827: 5818: 5809: 5779: 5770: 5755: 5753:Cândea, p. 174 5746: 5731: 5722: 5713: 5711:, Nr. 1-2/2002 5678: 5669: 5636: 5627: 5618: 5605: 5596: 5583: 5574: 5559: 5550: 5541: 5532: 5523: 5510: 5477: 5468: 5459: 5441: 5432: 5423: 5414: 5405: 5393: 5384: 5375: 5363: 5343:Ștefan Iancu, 5333: 5321: 5306: 5304:Cândea, p. 133 5297: 5284: 5275: 5257: 5248: 5239: 5224: 5215: 5200: 5191: 5182: 5167: 5158: 5146: 5137: 5123: 5114: 5101: 5089: 5076: 5067: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5031: 5018: 5006: 4994: 4985: 4973: 4947: 4935: 4926: 4917: 4908: 4899: 4887: 4878: 4865: 4863:Gorovei, p. 10 4835: 4815: 4806: 4797: 4788: 4774: 4765: 4756: 4749:(wikisource): 4715: 4706: 4697: 4688: 4676: 4667: 4658: 4651:(wikisource): 4629: 4620: 4585: 4528: 4515: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4476: 4467: 4445: 4436: 4420: 4410:Paul Zarifopol 4396: 4389:(wikisource): 4367: 4358: 4346: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4250: 4241: 4234:(wikisource): 4198: 4162: 4059: 4047: 4038: 3923: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3804:Romanian films 3672: 3669: 3645:People's Party 3525:Main article: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3462:Paul Zarifopol 3455:Titu Maiorescu 3373:positive terms 3354:Westernization 3350:Greek-Catholic 3285: 3282: 3278:Lazăr Șăineanu 3266:naturalization 3208:Dimitrie Ghica 3195: 3192: 3175:liberal spirit 3157:"Two thousand 3098:Supportive of 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 2967:Grand Officier 2942: 2939: 2930:Muhajir Balkan 2909:Dobrujan Islam 2791: 2788: 2776:Gyula Andrássy 2653: 2650: 2626:Titu Maiorescu 2512:Costache Negri 2439:Dimitrie Ghica 2400: 2397: 2218: 2215: 2187:Ottoman Empire 2175:tax exemptions 2171:Greek Orthodox 2131:Barbu Catargiu 2067:Main article: 2064: 2061: 1956:tax exemptions 1929:Queen Victoria 1898:Costache Negri 1872:Dorohoi County 1853:Steaua Dunării 1830:Steaua Dunării 1806:United Kingdom 1782: 1779: 1725:Costache Negri 1709:Ottoman Empire 1701:powers of the 1668:Main article: 1665: 1662: 1598:constitutional 1544:travel writing 1422:Main article: 1419: 1416: 1405:-ruled areas: 1325:Costache Negri 1294:—according to 1276:Dacia Literară 1271:in Moldavia". 1245:Grigore Ureche 1237:printing press 1217:Dacia Literară 1185:Dacia Literară 1169:Dacia Literară 1167:Main article: 1164: 1161: 1138:partitive case 1060:("Historical, 1049:Burschenschaft 938:Front page of 937: 930: 929: 918:Front page of 917: 910: 909: 908: 907: 906: 904: 901: 900: 899: 896: 889: 887: 884: 877: 875: 872: 865: 816:Costache Negri 785:Mihail Sturdza 781:Sturdza family 719: 716: 713: 712: 675: 673: 666: 659: 658: 573: 571: 564: 558: 555: 516:resulted in a 497:Steaua Dunării 476:Following the 452:Dacia Literară 435:Mihail Sturdza 341: 340: 337: 336: 329: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 315:Ecaterina Jora 313: 309: 308: 303: 299: 298: 289: 285: 284: 275:(aged 73) 269: 265: 264: 246: 242: 241: 237: 236: 233: 232: 222:Dimitrie Ghica 215: 209: 208: 198:Anton I. Arion 191: 185: 184: 168: 167: 161: 160: 151: 145: 144: 135: 129: 128: 116: 115: 109: 108: 103: 97: 96: 91: 85: 84: 75: 71: 70: 60: 59: 53: 52: 49: 48: 40: 39: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9919: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9641: 9637: 9634: 9631: 9627: 9626: 9621: 9618: 9615: 9611: 9607: 9604: 9601: 9597: 9594: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9582: 9577: 9574: 9571: 9568: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9556: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9535: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9523: 9521: 9517: 9512: 9504: 9499: 9497: 9492: 9490: 9485: 9484: 9481: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9398:C. Simionescu 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9362: 9360: 9354: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9337:I. Simionescu 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9181: 9176: 9174: 9169: 9167: 9162: 9161: 9158: 9143: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9012: 9008: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8940: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8711:Ioan Lahovary 8709: 8707: 8704: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8680:Ioan Lahovary 8678: 8676: 8673: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8600: 8598: 8596: 8592: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8549:Ion Bălăceanu 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8422: 8417: 8415: 8410: 8408: 8403: 8402: 8399: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8245: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8182: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8140:David Popescu 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7882:C. A. Rosetti 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7781: 7776: 7774: 7769: 7767: 7762: 7761: 7758: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7699: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7660: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7602: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7540: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7508:Gheorghiu-Dej 7506: 7504: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7495:R.P.R.—R.S.R. 7492: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7202: 7197: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7136:C. Crețulescu 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7116:N. Crețulescu 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7101:N. Crețulescu 7099: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7078: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7050: 7045: 7043: 7038: 7036: 7031: 7030: 7027: 7020: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7007: 7006: 7001: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6991:Moș Ion Roată 6987: 6983:(in Romanian) 6981: 6979: 6975:(in Romanian) 6973: 6972: 6962: 6958: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6919:1-85065-550-2 6916: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6896:0-521-24446-3 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6876:973-21-0562-3 6873: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6863:973-9155-43-X 6860: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6840:0-7146-1501-3 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6818: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6802:(in Romanian) 6800: 6797: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6779:, preface to 6778: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6739:(in Romanian) 6737: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6716:(in Romanian) 6714: 6712: 6711:973-28-0523-4 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6695:Neagu Djuvara 6693: 6691: 6690:0-405-02741-9 6687: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6659:Virgil Cândea 6656:(in Romanian) 6654: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6640: 6636: 6635:1-86189-103-2 6632: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6618:963-9116-96-3 6615: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6599:963-7326-44-8 6596: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6570: 6569:963-9241-84-9 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6548:973-681-989-2 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6515: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6497:(in Romanian) 6493: 6486: 6480: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6463: 6460: 6455:(in Romanian) 6451: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6407: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6390:(in Romanian) 6386: 6377: 6370: 6369: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6352:(in Romanian) 6348: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6331: 6328: 6323:(in Romanian) 6319: 6317: 6315: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6263: 6254: 6245: 6236: 6227: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6192:(in Romanian) 6188: 6186: 6178: 6172: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6148: 6139: 6132: 6126: 6119: 6113: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6082:(in Romanian) 6078: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6044: 6037: 6031: 6024: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5974: 5966: 5962: 5957: 5951: 5950:0-521-59369-7 5947: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5926: 5921: 5914: 5909: 5900: 5894: 5893:0-521-52447-4 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5851:(in Romanian) 5847: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5831: 5822: 5813: 5806: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5787:(in Romanian) 5783: 5774: 5767: 5766: 5759: 5750: 5743: 5742: 5735: 5726: 5717: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5673: 5666: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5647:(in Romanian) 5643: 5641: 5631: 5622: 5615: 5609: 5600: 5593: 5587: 5578: 5571: 5570: 5563: 5554: 5545: 5536: 5527: 5520: 5514: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5472: 5463: 5456: 5455: 5448: 5446: 5436: 5427: 5418: 5409: 5400: 5398: 5388: 5379: 5370: 5368: 5360: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5341:(in Romanian) 5337: 5328: 5326: 5318: 5317: 5310: 5301: 5295:, pp. 293–295 5294: 5288: 5279: 5272: 5271: 5264: 5262: 5252: 5243: 5236: 5235: 5228: 5219: 5212: 5211: 5204: 5195: 5186: 5179: 5178: 5171: 5162: 5153: 5151: 5141: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5118: 5111: 5105: 5096: 5094: 5086: 5080: 5071: 5062: 5053: 5044: 5035: 5028: 5022: 5013: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4989: 4980: 4978: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4942: 4940: 4930: 4921: 4912: 4903: 4894: 4892: 4882: 4875: 4869: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4832: 4828: 4823:(in Romanian) 4819: 4810: 4801: 4792: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4769: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4742: 4741:Nicolae Iorga 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4710: 4701: 4692: 4683: 4681: 4671: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4643:Nicolae Iorga 4636: 4634: 4624: 4617: 4616: 4602: 4596:(in Romanian) 4592: 4590: 4582: 4581: 4574: 4568: 4549: 4545:Eugen Denize, 4543:(in Romanian) 4539: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4525: 4519: 4510: 4508: 4498: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4464: 4463: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4440: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4407:(in Romanian) 4403: 4401: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4378:(in Romanian) 4374: 4372: 4362: 4353: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4257: 4255: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4226:Nicolae Iorga 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4196:Gorovei, p. 9 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4042: 4035: 4034: 4028:(in Romanian) 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3921:Gorovei, p. 6 3918: 3916: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3808:Ion Niculescu 3805: 3801: 3797: 3794:commissioned 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3747:Moș Ion Roată 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3696:George Enescu 3693: 3689: 3682: 3677: 3668: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3629:Conservatives 3626: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3506:Orbul fericit 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3474:autobiography 3471: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3435:advocated by 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3393:Romani people 3390: 3386: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3294:Transylvanian 3291: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3183:German people 3178: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3160: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3131:modernization 3128: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108:individualism 3105: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3058:Nicolae Iorga 3044: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3006:Ancient Greek 3003: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2957:, and having 2956: 2947: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2839:Berlin Treaty 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2787: 2785: 2784:German Empire 2781: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2691:Ottoman Porte 2688: 2687: 2681: 2677: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2649: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2614:anti-Austrian 2610: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2555:C. A. Rosetti 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2539:liberal trend 2536: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2384:(courtiers). 2383: 2382: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2355:authoritarian 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2325: 2324:Border Police 2321: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2002: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1904:(June 1856). 1903: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1831: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1792: 1787: 1778: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1763: 1757: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1681:(seated) and 1680: 1676: 1671: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1635: 1629: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528:Duke of Cádiz 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1481:C. A. Rosetti 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1414: 1412: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1381:Eftimie Murgu 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1170: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1119:abolitionists 1116: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092:Romani people 1088: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1078:Prussian King 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1010:Nicolae Iorga 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 986: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 945: 941: 934: 925: 921: 914: 893: 888: 881: 876: 869: 864: 863: 862: 860: 856: 852: 851: 846: 842: 838: 834: 833: 828: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 788: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 765: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 738: 733: 730:of Moldavian 729: 725: 709: 706: 698: 686: 685: 679: 674: 665: 664: 655: 652: 644: 633: 630: 626: 623: 619: 616: 612: 609: 605: 602: – 601: 597: 596:Find sources: 590: 584: 583: 579: 574:This article 572: 568: 563: 562: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 527: 525: 524: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 498: 493: 490: 487: 483: 479: 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 459: 454: 453: 448: 444: 440: 436: 433: 429: 425: 424:intellectuals 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 402: 401: 396: 392: 388: 384: 381: 377: 373: 366: 360: 351: 347: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 307: 304: 300: 297: 293: 290: 286: 283: 279: 270: 266: 263: 259: 247: 243: 238: 234: 231: 227: 223: 219: 216: 210: 207: 203: 202:C. A. Rosetti 199: 195: 192: 186: 174: 169: 166: 162: 159: 155: 152: 146: 143: 139: 136: 130: 122: 117: 114: 110: 107: 104: 98: 95: 92: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 66: 61: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 37: 29: 26: 22: 9630:Vasile Conta 9623: 9579: 9553: 9547: 9543: 9462: 9413: 9400: 9387: 9237:Kogălniceanu 9236: 8918:M. Antonescu 8912:I. Antonescu 8866:V. Antonescu 8845:Vaida-Voevod 8778:Vaida-Voevod 8575:Kogălniceanu 8574: 8559:Kogălniceanu 8558: 8513:Kogălniceanu 8512: 8145:Petrovicescu 8075:Vaida-Voevod 7822:Kogălniceanu 7821: 7745: 7733: 7720: 7713: 7696: 7679: 7657: 7645: 7633: 7616: 7599: 7582: 7570: 7422: 7413:Vaida-Voevod 7403:Vaida-Voevod 7338:Vaida-Voevod 7106:Kogălniceanu 7105: 7093: 7004: 6998: 6990: 6960: 6952: 6927: 6904: 6883: 6867: 6850: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6795: 6784: 6759: 6749: 6720: 6698: 6681: 6663: 6645: 6622: 6609: 6590: 6583:Daniel Barbu 6574: 6556: 6553:Viorel Achim 6532:Final Report 6531: 6514: 6504: 6492: 6484: 6479: 6469: 6450: 6442: 6438: 6433: 6414: 6406: 6401:(wikisource) 6397: 6385: 6376: 6366: 6347: 6337: 6308:Guțanu, p. 9 6280:Guțanu, p. 8 6262: 6253: 6244: 6235: 6226: 6218: 6213: 6205: 6199: 6176: 6171: 6152: 6147: 6138: 6130: 6125: 6117: 6112: 6103: 6095: 6089: 6051: 6043: 6035: 6030: 6020: 6015: 5998: 5980:George Voicu 5964: 5961:Final Report 5960: 5956: 5937: 5932: 5925:Final Report 5924: 5920: 5913:Final Report 5912: 5908: 5899: 5880: 5872: 5864: 5858: 5830: 5821: 5812: 5804: 5789:Sorin Radu, 5782: 5773: 5763: 5758: 5749: 5739: 5734: 5725: 5716: 5708:Balkanologie 5707: 5672: 5664: 5630: 5621: 5613: 5608: 5599: 5591: 5586: 5581:Clark, p. 62 5577: 5567: 5562: 5553: 5544: 5535: 5526: 5518: 5513: 5503: 5471: 5462: 5452: 5435: 5426: 5417: 5408: 5391:Clark, p. 60 5387: 5378: 5358: 5336: 5314: 5309: 5300: 5292: 5287: 5278: 5268: 5251: 5242: 5232: 5227: 5218: 5208: 5203: 5194: 5185: 5175: 5170: 5161: 5140: 5117: 5109: 5104: 5084: 5079: 5070: 5061: 5052: 5043: 5034: 5026: 5021: 5004:Clark, p. 53 4988: 4929: 4920: 4911: 4902: 4881: 4873: 4868: 4830: 4818: 4809: 4800: 4791: 4786:Maciu, p. 68 4768: 4759: 4751: 4745: 4709: 4700: 4691: 4670: 4665:Maciu, p. 67 4661: 4653: 4647: 4623: 4613: 4604:. 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Retrieved 4523: 4518: 4497: 4488: 4479: 4470: 4460: 4443:Maciu, p. 66 4439: 4418:(wikisource) 4414: 4391: 4385: 4361: 4328: 4319: 4310: 4301: 4292: 4283: 4274: 4265: 4244: 4236: 4230: 4145: 4041: 4036:(wikisource) 4032: 3905: 3846: 3825: 3811: 3810:in the 1912 3791: 3769: 3754: 3746: 3741:authored by 3731:ad hoc Divan 3716: 3712:Bacău County 3692:Casa cu turn 3691: 3685: 3653: 3649:Ghica family 3633:Neamț County 3618: 3607: 3604:Ilfov County 3575: 3562: 3558:World War II 3553: 3549: 3542: 3535:From right: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3489: 3481: 3459: 3450: 3436: 3409: 3405:Viorel Achim 3400: 3396: 3358: 3331: 3319: 3313: 3287: 3259: 3256:Moses Gaster 3236: 3232:civil rights 3216: 3197: 3194:Antisemitism 3180: 3174: 3164: 3156: 3124: 3097: 3081:conservative 3066: 3055: 3034: 2998: 2979: 2966: 2952: 2934: 2928: 2917:pastoralists 2898: 2881: 2872: 2869: 2861: 2851: 2847:Snake Island 2816: 2753: 2726: 2718: 2699: 2683: 2673: 2665: 2642: 2634:Ioan Slavici 2621: 2617: 2611: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2584: 2582: 2577: 2543:Ion Brătianu 2524: 2501: 2494: 2490:Germanophile 2485: 2473: 2466: 2453:Prussia—its 2451: 2432: 2411: 2410: 2386: 2379: 2373:affair with 2352: 2335: 2331: 2328: 2317: 2316:(comprising 2289: 2286:Legea Rurală 2285: 2283: 2270: 2267:constitution 2260: 2258: 2250: 2247:censure vote 2242: 2238: 2230: 2222: 2220: 2184: 2162:Legea Rurală 2161: 2143: 2127:Legea Rurală 2126: 2118: 2110: 2107: 2102: 2091:Metropolitan 2084: 2054: 2047:Putna County 2027: 2023:Conservative 2011:conservative 2004: 1997: 1977: 1967: 1960:equalitarian 1952:conscription 1950:, universal 1933: 1925:Napoleon III 1916: 1908: 1906: 1891: 1876:ad hoc Divan 1865: 1856: 1852: 1844: 1834: 1828: 1826: 1797: 1795: 1791:Theodor Aman 1781:Ad hoc Divan 1771: 1759: 1755: 1743: 1741: 1736: 1702: 1692: 1645: 1641: 1639: 1631: 1623: 1622:, an end to 1601: 1593: 1591: 1578: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1535: 1515: 1503: 1495: 1487: 1485: 1464: 1460: 1438: 1433: 1411:Transylvania 1408: 1388: 1372: 1368: 1358: 1356: 1341: 1336: 1320: 1303: 1275: 1273: 1269:culinary art 1241:Miron Costin 1220: 1216: 1214: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1148: 1146: 1133: 1123: 1095: 1089: 1085:Alt Schwerin 1057: 1046: 1014: 1008:; historian 1002:Wallachia(n) 997: 993: 987: 952: 943: 939: 923: 919: 848: 830: 824: 789: 766: 762:Cetatea Albă 735: 721: 701: 692: 681: 647: 638: 628: 621: 614: 607: 595: 575: 539:colonization 528: 521: 518:censure vote 502:ad hoc Divan 495: 475: 470: 456: 450: 439:Iași Theater 398: 375: 371: 345: 344: 273:(1891-07-01) 271:July 1, 1891 230:Ion Brătianu 226:Ion Brătianu 213:Succeeded by 206:Ion Brătianu 172: 149:Succeeded by 120: 101:Succeeded by 64: 25: 9667:1891 deaths 9662:1817 births 8685:Marghiloman 8654:A. Lahovary 8644:A. Lahovary 8608:D. Brătianu 8458:I. G. Ghica 8453:Cantacuzino 8135:Ghelmegeanu 8115:Franasovici 8055:Cămărășescu 7995:Marghiloman 7965:Cantacuzino 7842:L. Catargiu 7807:B. Catargiu 7373:V. Brătianu 7318:Marghiloman 7283:Cantacuzino 7268:Cantacuzino 7248:L. Catargiu 7233:L. Catargiu 7218:D. Brătianu 7171:L. Catargiu 7126:L. Catargiu 7089:B. Catargiu 6986:Ion Creangă 6941:(in French) 6924:Tudor Vianu 6604:Lucian Boia 6471:Evenimentul 6142:Achim, p. 3 5915:, pp. 24–25 5699:(in French) 4825:Ionel Ene, 4738:(in French) 4640:(in French) 4557:February 2, 4223:(in French) 3842:progressive 3743:Ion Creangă 3641:World War I 3592:Sunday rest 3521:Descendants 3443:Tudor Vianu 3425:Alecu Russo 3421:Lucian Boia 3200:antisemitic 3125:Inside the 3120:Freemasonry 3073:nationalist 2941:Final years 2806:", in fact 2749:indemnities 2745:reparations 2674:Serving as 2529:cabinet of 2478:Francophile 2262:coup d'état 2125:. Known as 1936:boyar ranks 1902:Teodor Balș 1767:Cantacuzino 1733:Crimean War 1715:—appointed 1707:regime—the 1524:Isabella II 1508:Freemasonry 1337:La Roumanie 1070:Heringsdorf 979:Tudor Vianu 967:Eduard Gans 523:coup d'état 514:land reform 478:Crimean War 288:Nationality 189:Preceded by 133:Preceded by 89:Preceded by 9656:Categories 9592:(Finances) 9435:Drăgănescu 9375:Murgulescu 9262:Crețulescu 9212:Crețulescu 9091:Diaconescu 9075:Diaconescu 8907:M. Sturdza 8902:Manoilescu 8897:Argetoianu 8834:Argetoianu 8783:Zamfirescu 8623:Câmpineanu 8580:Câmpineanu 8569:Câmpineanu 8539:Costa-Foru 8524:A. Golescu 8503:N. Golescu 8498:Ș. Golescu 8488:Ș. Golescu 8478:Mavrogheni 8286:C. Ionescu 8238:Postelnicu 8050:Argetoianu 8005:T. Ionescu 7930:T. Rosetti 7867:A. Golescu 7857:Ș. Golescu 7817:Crețulescu 7738:ad interim 7533:Dăscălescu 7455:Argetoianu 7156:A. Golescu 7146:N. Golescu 7141:Ș. Golescu 6525:References 6219:Junimea... 6036:Junimea... 5293:Junimea... 4606:August 30, 3851:(near the 3838:propaganda 3759:in 1894). 3609:rapporteur 3478:melancholy 3365:Messianist 3298:Wallachian 3261:rapporteur 3228:Iron Guard 3171:patriotism 3151:Parliament 3077:liberalism 3069:democratic 3026:Vorarlberg 2971:Qing China 2858:naturalize 2831:Bessarabia 2804:Bessarabia 2780:Chancellor 2761:consulates 2729:suzerainty 2516:Petre Poni 2443:Cuca-Măcăi 2371:adulterous 2179:Phanariote 2166:promulgate 2135:parliament 2025:parties). 2015:separatist 1964:old regime 1940:privileges 1915:, the new 1880:neutrality 1774:quit-rents 1449:Metternich 1418:Revolution 1390:imprimatur 1352:censorship 1249:Westernize 1198:Propășirea 1066:Pomeranian 820:chronicles 777:Callimachi 754:Bessarabia 752:family in 718:Early life 611:newspapers 578:references 391:1859 union 320:Profession 251:1817-09-06 9602:(Justice) 9537:Ministers 9380:Nicolescu 9365:Săvulescu 9347:Rădulescu 9277:Kalinderu 9136:Obdobescu 9121:Meleșcanu 9116:Comănescu 9106:Meleșcanu 9101:Corlățean 9086:Baconschi 9070:Comănescu 9065:Cioroianu 9054:Ungureanu 9029:Meleșcanu 8981:Macovescu 8961:Preoteasa 8933:Tătărescu 8876:Tătărescu 8861:Titulescu 8855:Tătărescu 8850:Titulescu 8829:Mihalache 8824:Mironescu 8819:Titulescu 8803:Mitilineu 8767:Văitoianu 8736:Porumbaru 8731:Maiorescu 8664:Stoicescu 8634:Pherekyde 8493:Teriachiu 8366:Tudorache 8233:Homoștean 8193:Georgescu 8175:Georgescu 8165:Sănătescu 8125:Marinescu 8120:Călinescu 8110:Tătărescu 8095:Mironescu 8085:Mihalache 8025:Văitoianu 8020:Sărățeanu 7960:Pherekyde 7892:Teriachiu 7736:indicate 7670:Grindeanu 7624:Ungureanu 7601:Bejinariu 7584:Athanasiu 7475:Sănătescu 7470:Antonescu 7460:Tătărescu 7445:Călinescu 7430:Tătărescu 7424:Angelescu 7393:Mironescu 7383:Mironescu 7333:Văitoianu 7303:Maiorescu 7008:, at the 6947:, in the 6832:Routledge 6808:, in the 6745:, in the 6703:Humanitas 6441:, p. 80; 5993:, in the 5800:, in the 5660:, in the 5354:, in the 4156:, at the 4143:, in the 3892:Lunéville 3876:Constanța 3800:Bucharest 3796:Oscar Han 3761:Symbolist 3735:Ion Roată 3681:Bucharest 3572:left-wing 3369:egotistic 3248:Ion Ghica 3149:-elected 3079:with the 2975:Zeng Jize 2885:patriotic 2765:legations 2662:Bucharest 2644:adopting 2551:Ion Ghica 2520:Ruginoasa 2447:Gendarmes 2381:camarilla 2319:Dorobanți 2269:, titled 2239:mijlocași 2208:Patriarch 2051:Bucharest 2043:Ion Roată 1993:Armenians 1990:Gregorian 1974:Ioan Manu 1917:Caimaicam 1890:title of 1769:masters. 1679:Ion Ghica 1642:Dorințele 1620:privilege 1587:Bucharest 1514:known as 1457:Bucharest 1432:Cover of 1395:Wallachia 1314:Francized 1310:archaisms 1261:aphorisms 1225:Ion Ghica 1200:(renamed 1159:in 1838. 1153:doctorate 1130:Francized 1062:Christian 1036:Calvinist 942:, signed 922:, signed 903:In Berlin 827:Lunéville 804:Miroslava 773:godmother 557:Biography 541:, of the 508:, and to 447:Ion Ghica 328:Signature 292:Moldavian 173:In office 121:In office 65:In office 9564:Interior 9463:(acting) 9414:(acting) 9401:(acting) 9393:Burghele 9388:(acting) 9327:Lapedatu 9312:Racoviță 9307:Negruzzi 9287:Negruzzi 9272:Aurelian 9252:Negruzzi 8928:Vișoianu 8840:D. Ghika 8746:Averescu 8669:Aurelian 8613:Stătescu 8603:Boerescu 8585:Boerescu 8544:Boerescu 8508:D. Ghica 8473:I. Ghica 8276:Tărăcilă 8218:Stănescu 8208:Drăghici 8198:Drăghici 8080:Popovici 8035:Averescu 8030:Mârzescu 8000:C. Arion 7975:Aurelian 7970:Olănescu 7897:Stătescu 7887:Stolojan 7877:Vernescu 7872:Epureanu 7862:A. Arion 7847:I. Ghica 7837:D. Ghica 7832:Florescu 7659:Cîmpeanu 7590:Isărescu 7561:Văcăroiu 7556:Stolojan 7450:Argeșanu 7358:Averescu 7343:Averescu 7313:Averescu 7258:Aurelian 7243:Florescu 7181:Epureanu 7176:Florescu 7166:I. Ghica 7161:Epureanu 7151:D. Ghica 7131:I. Ghica 7121:I. Ghica 7015:Frescoes 6845:Z. Ornea 6725:Archived 6487:, p. 272 6462:Archived 6445:, p. 260 6359:Archived 6339:Ieșeanul 6330:Archived 6179:, p. 131 6133:, p. 154 6064:47918962 6038:, p. 316 6003:Archived 5987:Archived 5794:Archived 5654:Archived 5616:, p. 390 5594:, p. 390 5348:Archived 4567:cite web 4150:Archived 4137:Archived 3832:, under 3824:'s 1977 3739:anecdote 3612:for the 3568:agrarian 3447:Z. Ornea 3389:endogamy 3346:Orthodox 3272:thinker 3114:and its 3030:Mircești 2905:colonial 2873:Domnitor 2771:and met 2741:Bulgaria 2486:Domnitor 2412:Domnitor 2393:Mircești 2235:hectares 2223:fruntași 2056:Domnitor 2031:de facto 1893:Caimacam 1849:Brussels 1699:suzerain 1687:Istanbul 1646:Bucovina 1634:keystone 1571:Bukovina 1550:record. 1526:and the 1441:passport 1399:Austrian 1373:Academia 1317:phonemes 1302:and his 1280:Romantic 1259:-themed 1206:almanacs 1196:(1842), 1192:(1840), 1188:(1840), 1182:(1839), 1178:(1838), 1157:adjutant 1144:"-an"). 1068:town of 1032:diaspora 1029:Huguenot 998:Roumanie 983:Hegelian 859:Prussian 750:Romanian 722:Born in 695:May 2021 641:May 2021 420:polymath 400:Domnitor 380:Romanian 296:Romanian 262:Moldavia 74:Monarchs 9385:Țițeica 9292:Istrati 9282:Saligny 9227:Sturdza 9217:Laurian 9207:Laurian 9131:Aurescu 9126:Mănescu 9111:Aurescu 9080:Predoiu 9034:Severin 9024:Năstase 8976:Mănescu 8971:Bunaciu 8956:Bughici 8892:Gigurtu 8887:Gafencu 8871:Micescu 8808:Știrbey 8793:Derussi 8788:Ionescu 8726:Djuvara 8716:Sturdza 8700:Sturdza 8690:Sturdza 8675:Sturdza 8659:Sturdza 8618:Sturdza 8564:Ionescu 8483:Știrbei 8448:Arsache 8316:Dragnea 8296:Săniuță 8271:Dănescu 8170:Rădescu 8160:Penescu 8130:Ottescu 8100:Inculeț 8065:Știrbey 7980:Pallade 7950:Sturdza 7935:Știrbei 7827:Bosianu 7812:Arsache 7734:Italics 7722:Ciolacu 7715:Predoiu 7687:Dăncilă 7618:Predoiu 7595:Năstase 7566:Ciorbea 7523:Mănescu 7480:Rădescu 7465:Gigurtu 7440:Cristea 7363:Știrbey 7348:Ionescu 7288:Sturdza 7278:Sturdza 7263:Sturdza 7253:Sturdza 7228:Rosetti 7111:Bosianu 7095:Arsache 7060:Romania 7017:at the 6936:7431692 6772:1279610 6540:Polirom 6534:of the 6427:5833024 6165:5279951 6034:Ornea, 5967:, p. 31 5927:, p. 25 5291:Ornea, 5112:, p. 81 4580:Tribuna 3864:commune 3778:at the 3625:Dresden 3494:realism 3451:Junimea 3438:Junimea 3401:Cigains 3270:Marxist 3221:fascist 3206:in the 3187:Germany 3116:Jacobin 2782:of the 2670:, 1877) 2622:Junimea 2600:Junimea 2535:radical 2332:corvées 2290:corvées 2243:pălmași 2185:As the 2123:pasture 2119:corvées 2115:Focșani 2103:corvées 2006:corvées 1969:Vornics 1888:regency 1874:to the 1868:College 1818:Prussia 1654:cholera 1625:corvées 1403:Russian 1329:Mânjina 1257:gourmet 1115:slavery 1025:Hanover 994:roumain 845:Russian 758:Genoese 746:serfdom 678:sources 625:scholar 492:slavery 486:abolish 412:Carol I 393:of the 383:liberal 9509:Third 9450:Haiduc 9445:Simion 9419:Voinea 9322:Mrazek 9302:Onciul 9049:Geoană 9001:Stoian 8991:Văduva 8986:Andrei 8966:Maurer 8951:Pauker 8757:Coandă 8649:Esarcu 8554:Cornea 8266:Babiuc 8256:Chițac 8213:Onescu 8203:Ștefan 8010:Morțun 7955:Lascăr 7742:acting 7675:Tudose 7665:Cioloș 7578:Vasile 7528:Verdeț 7518:Maurer 7513:Stoica 7323:Coandă 6934: 6917: 6894: 6874: 6861: 6838: 6814:Biblos 6770: 6735:, 2007 6709: 6688: 6671: 6633: 6616: 6597: 6567: 6546: 6483:Boia, 6437:Boia, 6425: 6175:Boia, 6163: 6129:Boia, 6116:Boia, 6062: 5948: 5891: 5108:Boia, 5083:Boia, 5025:Boia, 4872:Boia, 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Knowledge

Mihail Kogălniceanu

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