Carol I of Romania

854: 1437: 1735: 2162: 2232: 1700: 1714: 1531: 1129: 1753: 1974: 1792: 781: 2044: 2184: 2254: 1856: 1421: 1905: 1707: 1923: 2010: 2327: 2206: 1611: 1821: 461: 559: 1328: 1233: 304: 1567: 1477: 1992: 1629: 2105: 1017: 1589: 1956: 1770: 1457: 2295: 2261: 1939: 36: 590: 666: 951: 1651: 1679: 1368: 2358: 1887: 707: 1253:. Starting with the second half of the 1970s, Carol's image was rehabilitated to some extent by Romanian historians, who distanced themselves from the more propagandistic views of the last three decades. While more mainstream publications, such as school text books, continued the anti-monarchy line, some academics began describing his reign as a period of national progress and acknowledged his role in preserving the young 912: 653: 1028:

influence on the electoral process. He would essentially alternate power between the two parties, installing the opposition whenever he felt the ruling party of the day had run its course. The new government would organize elections which they would invariably win. This resulted in a situation where Parliament reflected the will of the government, not vice versa as is the case in a true parliamentary democracy.

813:. The international outrage at the Bulgarian massacre – particularly on the part of Russia, who saw itself as a protector of Orthodox Christians in general and Bulgarians in particular – triggered several diplomatic efforts over the next year. After the failure of these diplomatic attempts, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 24 April 1877, launching the 734:." It also required that Carol's descendants be "raised in the Eastern Orthodox Religion." Although Carol was vested with executive power, he was not politically responsible for exercising it. His acts were only valid if they were countersigned by a minister, who then became responsible for the act in question. Nevertheless, he commanded great 1157:, born in 1870, who died 9 April (N.S.) 1874. She had no prospect of inheriting her father's throne; as mentioned above, the Constitution limited succession to the male line. This led to the further estrangement of the royal couple, Elizabeth never completely recovering from the trauma of losing her only child. 1222:

His long reign (of forty-eight years, one more than Stephen the Great) allowed the myth to come to fruition even within his lifetime. The image of the sovereign, mediocre at first, took on a powerful brilliance in the last years of the century. An educational poster of around 1900 presents "the four

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he was given the keys to the capital city. It was a rainy day after a long period of drought, which was taken to be a good omen by locals. As he was crowned, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." He took

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His reign established constitutional monarchy and saw the early days of democracy in Romania, despite the fact that elections of that era are largely seen as being controlled. Although the framers of the Constitution intended to vest most of the power in Parliament, the King exercised considerable

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While Russia was happy to be given travelling rights inside Romanian territory, it vehemently opposed Romania actively entering the war, as this would have given them a place at the negotiation table after the war. However, after the Russian advance was halted outside the Bulgarian town of Pleven,

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During the Communist era, Carol became a target of scorn for Romanian historians, as were all other figures associated with the monarchy. He was often described as a money-hungry foreign prince who was placed on the throne by Western capitalist in order to tighten their control over the Romanian

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Soon after, Napoleon III suggested Karl, who was the brother in law of Philip. Napoleon's recommendation weighed heavily with Romanian politicians of the time, since Romania was strongly influenced by French culture. Napoleon was a strong supporter of Romanian independence, hoping to consolidate

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King Carol was a cold man who was always focused on the prestige of the dynasty he had founded. His wife, Elizabeth, claimed he 'wore the crown in his sleep'. He was very meticulous and he tried to impose his style upon everyone that surrounded him. Though he was devoted to his job as Romania's

1006:, which he personally arranged without discussion in Parliament or with anyone outside a handful of insiders. Upon its renewal in 1892, he had to inform his prime minister and foreign minister, but Parliament and the public at large did not even know about its existence until the beginning of 644:, as he did not yet speak Romanian. In fact, it is said that, before his nomination as Domnitor, he had never heard of Romania. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by adopting the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol. He learned to speak Romanian not long after that. 507:

Although he was quite frail and not very tall, prince Karl was reported to be the perfect soldier, healthy and disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. He was familiar with several European languages. His family was closely related to the

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country, there was a strong feeling of distrust towards Carol during the time, who was not yet seen as Romanian. Several attempts to force the prince to abdicate took place around this time, usually led by the republicans and radical liberals led by

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Women and Gender in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Eurasia: A Comprehensive Bibliography Volume I: Southeastern and East Central Europe (Edited by Irina Livezeanu with June Pachuta Farris) Volume II: Russia, the Non-Russian Peoples of the

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ruler, he never forgot his German roots. In 48 years of rule—the longest in Romanian history—he helped Romania gain its independence, raised its prestige, helped redress its economy and established a dynasty. In the Carpathian mountains, he built

1264:, the monarchy was fully rehabilitated in the public eyes. Carol is now thought of as a figure of national unity who is seen as the founder of the modern Romanian state and one of the most revered individuals in the country's history. During the 555:' unification was recognized by the European powers. With him gone, the country was in danger of disintegration, as the Ottoman Empire and other powers initially accepted the unification only on the condition that it would end with his reign. 4319: 828:

and against the advice of his Crown Council, Carol decided to permit Russian troops to pass through its territory on the way to Bulgaria. This resulted in Turkish bombardments of Romanian towns on the Danube. At this point, Romania was

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and Decebalus, Cuza and Carol I. Even Michael the Brave becomes a secondary figure by comparison. Carol appears organically rooted in Romanian history; he represents a new beginning, of course, but a beginning based on much older

624:, since there was no railroad to Romania. As he crossed the border onto Romanian soil, he was met by Brătianu, who bowed before him and asked Karl to join him in his carriage. He was formally elected Domnitor on 20 April. 4165:

Civilization Past and Present: A Survey of the History of Man, His Governmental, Economic, Social, Religious, Intellectual, and Esthetic Activities, From the Earliest Times to the Present, in Europe, in Asia, and in the

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on 15 November 1869. Their marriage was strange, with Carol being a cold and calculating man while Elizabeth was a notorious dreamer who published literature under the name of Carmen Sylva. They had one child,

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independent, being "bound to the Ottoman Empire only by the payment of tribute (which had dropped to 1% of the country's budget) and a number of largely formal prerogatives in matters of foreign policy."

3777: 931:, while the heir-apparent or heir-presumptive would be called Prince Royal. On 10 May, Carol was crowned king. The 1866 Constitution was retained, with the word "prince" replaced by the word "king". 3184: 873:

The Romanian army, under Carol, continued to fight in the war, most notably the battles of Smârdan and Vidin. By early 1878, the Turks were losing the war and on the third of March they signed the

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When he was elected prince of Romania, Carol was unmarried. In 1869, the prince started a trip around Europe and mainly Germany, to find a bride. During this trip he met and married Princess

6035: 1249:. Additionally, he was depicted as an enemy of the peasantry, who tried to steal their lands and rape young peasant girls. He was usually indicated as the sole source of outrage during the 5273: 1105:, where Carol told them about the secret treaty and shared his opinion with them. However, most of the Crown Council members strongly disagreed, opting for neutrality, with prime-minister 6399: 5259: 6349: 999:, linking the newly acquired province to the rest of the country. The bridge was, at that time, the longest in Europe and, although no longer in use, it is still intact as of 2023. 692:. Despite the otherwise liberal nature of the act, the constitution barred non-Christians from becoming citizens, a measure which heavily affected the country's Jewish population 5408: 3003: 1086:. Although the treaty was to be activated only if Russia attacked one of the signatories, Carol was convinced that the honourable thing to do was to enter the war supporting the 777:

Future republican projects were rare, especially since Brătianu became prime minister in 1876 and helped Liberals hold power until 1889, becoming loyal supporters of King Carol.

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that was used in the coronation of Carol was forged from steel of a melted Ottoman cannon that was captured by the Romanian Army at the Pleven. Since 2016 it is depicted on the

620:, through Switzerland. He received there a Swiss passport from a Swiss public clerk, friend of his family, under the name of Karl Hettingen. From Baziaș he travelled by boat to 3123: 578:

and turn the newly unified country into a "Belgium of the East". Wary of France's oppositions, Philip, who also turned down the throne of Greece a few years earlier, refused.

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This constitution allowed the development and modernization of the Romanian state. In a daring move, the Constitution chose to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the

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On 22 June 1884, the Parliament voted in favour of granting Carol and his successors a large royal estate, making the king the biggest landowner in the country.

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started a revolt and attempted coup by arresting the chief of police and the county Prefect, occupying several official buildings and proclaiming the so-called

6374: 5822: 763:. Carol's alliance with the Conservatives which effectively blocked the Liberals out of government did little to quell Liberal animosity towards the prince. 415:

parties. During Carol's reign, Romania's industry and infrastructure were much improved, however this process also resulted in major scandals, including the

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Carol I is seen as a towering figure of national history in contemporary Romania. He is often depicted in history books as a historical leader on par with

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surrendered the town on 28 November 1877. This victory sent ripples within Romanian society, elevating Carol's name among the pantheon of national heroes.

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The Eight International Conference "Bridges in Danube Basin": New Trends in Bridge Engineering and Efficient Solutions for Large and Medium Span Bridges

4205: 543:, had been expelled from the country by the leading noblemen, leaving Romania in political chaos. Cuza's double election seven years earlier, both in 6359: 6354: 4181: 3842:. Vol. II: National Romanticism – The Formation of National Movements. Budapest & New York: Central European University Press. p. 373. 688:, it guaranteed private propriety, freedom of speech, total freedom of the press, it abolished the death penalty during peace time, and established 6379: 6059: 4320:"Secretele podului de la Cernavodă, opera tânărului inginer Anghel Saligny. Episodul luptelor aeriene ale lui Horia Agarici, salvatorul Constanţei" 6409: 628: 5789: 5277: 2446: 853: 673: 1179:

Towards the end of Carol's life Carol and Elizabeth finally found a way to understand each other and were reported to have become good friends.

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During his reign, Carol I personally led Romanian troops during the Russo-Turkish War and assumed command of the Russo/Romanian army during the

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and invaded Bulgaria. The approach of Romanian troops towards Sofia determined the Bulgarians to negotiate an armistice which resulted in the

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Berger, Stefan; Lorenz, Chris; Melman, Billie (2012). "Introduction: Peleș Castle". In Berger, Stefan; Melman, Billie; Lorenz, Chris (eds.).

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in German style, which is considered one of Europe's most beautiful castles and is still one of Romania's most visited landmarks. After the

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The king's personal authority in military and foreign policy issues was unquestioned. In 1883 he entered into a crucial alliance with the

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they requested the Romanian army's urgent intervention. Carol obtained the command of the combined Russian and Romanian forces that were

412: 1120:, a British princess), was more willing to listen to public opinion and brought Romania into the war on the side of the Allies in 1916. 6324: 6319: 5405: 3011: 3839:

National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements: Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe 1770–1945

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As Romanian politicians searched for a successor, Karl was not their first choice. The authors of the anti-Cuza coup first approached

4401: 3925: 3037: 2682: 2504: 1154: 437: 232: 5358: 4804: 4428: 3898: 3139: 3096: 1436: 4234: 4093:"O litografie document istoric: Actul de încoronare a Regelui Carol I – Actul proclamării Regatului României (10/22 Mai 1881) (II)" 3700: 2472: 5431: 5354: 5350: 5346: 4008:

The Roots and Consequences of 20th-Century Warfare: Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World: Conflicts That Shaped the Modern World

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was the Romanian politician sent to negotiate with Karl and his family the possibility of installing him on the Romanian throne.

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recognized Romania as an independent country on 13 July 1878. In addition, Romania was granted the former Ottoman territory of

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of 1870–1871, the conflict nonetheless affected the early reign of Carol I. Since he was a German prince ruling a historically

635:. The news of his arrival had been transmitted by telegraph and he was welcomed by a huge crowd eager to see the new ruler. In 408: 4455: 3215: 3157: 1429: 6190: 5243: 4778: 4509: 4374: 4033: 3837: 3810: 3509: 2802: 1280: 6429: 5827: 5620: 4662: 3778:"Ce a fost 'Republica de la Ploiești'. Farsa istorică de tot râsul l-a inspirat pe Caragiale să scrie "D'ale carnavalului"" 3605: 4290: 3413:"Cinci lucruri puţin ştiute despre regele Carol I. De ce le dădea suveranul doar un deget supuşilor care-i întindeau mâna" 1214:

and the victory in the War of Independence making Carol a legendary personage in his own lifetime, according to historian

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After the proclamation of the Kingdom (1881), the succession was a very important matter of state. Since Carol's brother,

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The long rule of Carol helped the quick development of the Romanian state. Towards the end of his reign and the start of

1067:, expanding the territory obtained by the country under King Carol and confirming Romania's dominant role in the region. 730:

Article 82 made the throne a hereditary office of Carol's descendants "on the male line through the right of first-born,

4830: 4580: 4206:"104 ani de la moartea Regelui Carol I. Trei lucruri mai puțin știute despre "regele care își purta coroana și în somn"" 3185:"Povestea regelui "ratat" de România. Cine este prinţul Filip, propus înainte de Carol I să conducă Principatele Române" 2336: 6339: 5769: 5731: 4430:

Inside the Mechanisms of Romanian Modernization: The Transformation of Public Sphere Between Media and Political System

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Inside the Mechanisms of Romanian Modernization: The Transformation of Public Sphere Between Media and Political System

2740: 1931: 1254: 908:. This young state began a search for a new prince, and Carol I was among the candidates, although he was not elected. 567: 5012: 4855: 3072:

World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection : The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection

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of Ottoman suzerainty that had existed since 1861. The declaration was put forward and voted on by the Parliament and

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Year: 1880–1881; Weight: 25 gram; Composition: Silver 90%; Diameter: 37 mm; Amount of coins minted: 2,200,000 coin –

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Between 1886 and 1887, there was a new proposal to make Carol I the ruler of Bulgaria. He was strongly supported by

684:, one of the most modern constitutions of its time. Carol signed it into law two days later. Modeled closely on the 6434: 6334: 6294: 4690: 3392: 1866: 262: 4182:"'Revenirea Coroanei de Oţel în stema de stat a României este un fapt cultural': Interviu cu Silviu Andrieș–Tabac" 680:

On 29 June – two months after Carol's arrival – the Romanian parliament adopted the

5445: 4482: 3633:"Principesa Margareta, succesoare şi la tronul britanic. Viitorul monarhiei române după retragerea Regelui Mihai" 2921: 1508: 1165: 1161: 445: 441: 5954: 5774: 3678: 2912: 2383: 303: 3864: 1552: 6024: 6019: 5586: 5383: 3979: 3311:. Makers of the Modern World: The Peace Conferences of 1919–23 and their Aftermath. London: Haus Publishing. 2135: 2000: 1948: 1183: 1113: 1098: 1044: 780: 594: 370: 362: 324: 4457:

War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia

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French influence on the Black Sea. Another factor was Karl's blood relation to the ruling Prussian family.

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next in line to the throne. In October 1880 Leopold renounced his right of succession in favour of his son

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in 2006, Carol I was voted the second greatest Romanian who has ever lived, after only Stephen the Great.

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Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was born on 20 April 1839 in

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Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures: Proceedings of the 6th International Colloquium (SDSS'99)

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Dracula is Dead: How Romanians Survived Communism, Ended It, and Emerged Since 1989 as the New Italy

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The most well known such incident took place on 8 August 1870, when radical liberals in the city of

488:. Up to 1866, when he accepted the crown of Romania, he was a Prussian officer. He took part in the 6123: 5634: 2368: 2086: 1961: 1927: 1915: 1465: 1284: 1102: 905: 366: 327:

27 September] 1914), was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as

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being a particularly strong voice for preserving the peace obtained by the Treaty of Bucharest.

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Between 1875 and 1877 anti-Ottoman revolts took place in several Balkan countries, most notably

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Politică şi viaţă cotidiană în România: în secolul al XX-lea şi începutul celui de-al XXI-lea

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pillars of the Romanian people", along with other heroes of Wallachian history. The four are

955: 874: 598: 571: 401: 353:. In May 1877, Romania was proclaimed an independent and sovereign nation. The defeat of the 342: 5314: 1106: 6289: 6284: 6194: 6167: 5990: 5929: 5536: 5150: 5072: 4517: 4297:. Amsterdam, Lausanne, New York, Oxford, Shannon, Singapore, Tokyo: Elsevier. p. 592. 2242: 2167: 1791: 1536: 689: 489: 440:, who died at the age of four. Carol never produced a male heir, leaving his elder brother 158: 6176: 6157: 558: 460: 8: 6208: 6143: 6113: 5974: 5812: 5698: 5577: 5218: 4352:. Berkeley, CA, Los Angeles, CA and London: University of California Press. p. 244. 4186: 4123: 3162:. The Oxford History of Modern Europe. Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press. p. 19. 2307: 2237: 2126: 2015: 1577: 1269: 1261: 1207: 1137: 984: 894: 747: 540: 389: 346: 113: 4065: 5877: 5847: 5590: 4210: 2048: 1796: 1634: 1572: 1373: 1327: 1295: 1117: 1116:

27 September] 1914. The new king, Ferdinand (under the influence of his wife,

924: 774:. The revolt lasted less than 24 hours and lead to the arrest of many Liberal leaders. 509: 182: 146: 5837: 3335:

The Danube: The Dramatic History of the Great River and the People Touched by Its Flow

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Zirin, Mary; Livezeanu, Irina; Worobec, Christine D.; Farris, June Pachuta (2015).

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The Balkan Wars in the Eyes of the Warring Parties: Perceptions and Interpretations

3728:"'A Sort of Tropical Balmoral': King Carol and cultural transplant in Castle Peleș" 3666: 3470: 1826: 1775: 1745: 1668: 1616: 1407: 1291: 1210:. This view emerged during the second half of his reign, with the founding of the 1173: 1064: 1032: 972: 890: 867: 422: 385: 6147: 6071: 5881: 5842: 5678: 5612: 5412: 5233: 3515: 3440: 1922: 1482: 1461: 928: 863: 785: 735: 641: 609: 589: 393: 377: 338: 52: 5017:

The Piersall Collection of Orders, Decorations, and Medals From Around The World

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Fountain in the palace of the Romanian King, Carol I of Romania, in Sinaia. 1907

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and access to the Black Sea. From 1878, Carol held the title of Royal Highness (

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secured Romanian independence, and he was proclaimed King on 26 March [

174: 6248: 6236: 6107: 5553: 5470: 3665:(in Romanian). Timișoara, Romania: Presa Universitară Română. pp. 96–121. 3153: 3098:

Orthodox Christianity and Nationalism in Nineteenth-century Southeastern Europe

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War and Diplomacy: The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and the Treaty of Berlin

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was established in 1906 and was until 1947 the highest honour bestowed by the

6278: 6151: 5996: 5493: 4077: 3042:(Third ed.). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 118. 2265: 1087: 1082:. Carol had signed a secret treaty in 1883 which had linked Romania with the 893:, an immensely valuable territorial gain that gave Romania possession of the 843: 760: 723: 621: 517: 6001: 5723: 4262:"Twenty Years Devoted to International Conferences on Bridges Across Danube" 4066:"Ideas of federation and personal union with regard to Bulgaria and Romania" 3217:

Orthodoxy and the Cold War: Religion and Political Power in Romania, 1947–65

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History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century

3004:"Regele Carol I, așa cum l-au descris câțiva dintre cei care l-au cunoscut" 1803: 1246: 847: 810: 575: 480:. After finishing his elementary studies, Karl entered the Cadet School in 996: 809:, where the April Uprisings of 1876 were brutally suppressed by irregular 392:

in 1913. In 1883 the king entered a top-secret military alliance with the

6213: 6203: 6097: 4640:. Vol. 5: EAD-FUR. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications. p. 169. 4268:. Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 13. 1944: 1860: 1215: 1071: 1007: 751: 669: 469: 150: 4669:. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 666–667. 4324: 3812:'Republica de la Ploiești' și începuturile parlamentarismului în România 3782: 3637: 3417: 3394:

A History of the Roumanians: From Roman Times to the Completion of Unity

3189: 3074:. Santa Barbara, Ca, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 350–351. 767: 6049: 1996: 1245:, who needed someone that blindly followed his orders to rule over the 958:(known as King Carol I Bridge during the monarchy) crossing the Danube. 950: 665: 493: 380:. The country achieved internationally recognized independence via the 67: 5406:

Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach

3550:"Semnificația și importanța istorică a Constituției române de la 1866" 3488:

Petre Andrei University Year-Book (Social Work, Sociology, Psychology)

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Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1897

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Centropa: A Journal of Central European Architecture and Related Arts

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which personally implicated Carol. Overall, the country still had an

5013:"Order of the Crown of Romania "Ordinul Coroana Romaniei" 1881–1947" 4914: 3981:

War in the East: A Military History of the Russo-Turkish War 1877–78

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Romanian troops returning to Bucharest after the war, 8 October 1878

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1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War

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and the situation of the peasantry failed to improve, leading to a

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Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

4011:. Santa Barbara, CA; Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 31. 3484:"The Romanian Constitution of 1866. Modernism and European Spirit" 484:. In 1857 he was attending the courses of the Artillery School in 5758: 4723:. Budapest: Central European University Press. pp. 200–201. 4379:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. p. 31. 2947:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture

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Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie

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Fierbințeanu, Virgil; Teodorescu, Dragoș; Băncilă, Radu (1999).

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Heroes and Victims: Remembering War in Twentieth-Century Romania

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21 July] 1914, an emergency meeting was held with the

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On May 10, 1877, Romania declared its independence, ending the

500:, an experience which would be very useful to him later in the 485: 328: 178: 4288: 1168:(in 1886), declined their rights, the second son of Leopold, 369:

dynasty, which ruled the country until the proclamation of a

5263:(1890), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 46 4376:

The Troubled Alliance: German-Austrian Relations, 1914--1917

3610:(in Romanian). București: Editura Mica Valahie. p. 10. 1039:

of the country after the abdication of the Bulgarian prince

919:

and the international recognition of Romania's independence.

5260:

Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha

4605: 3705:. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. p. 77. 95: 3957:(in Romanian). Iași, Romania: Editura Lumen. p. 166. 3662:

Carol I și monarhia constituțională. Interpretări istorice

6400:

Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree

3442:

The Balkans: From the End of Byzantium to the Present Day

1186:

27 September] 1914, at the age of 75 years old.

1050: 1440:

Arms of Carol I as knight of the Austrian branch of the

5238:(in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 468. 5088:(1867) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 4746:

Adevărata istorie a unei monarhii. Familia Hohenzollern

3338:. Garden City, New York: Greenwood Press. p. 451. 1966:

Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig

539:

The former Domnitor (ruling prince) of united Romania,

407:

Domestic political life was organized around the rival

365:

14 March] 1881. He was the first ruler of the

6385:

Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary

4938: 4665:. In Tucker, Spencer; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (eds.). 3930:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 110. 4805:"Lupta pentru modernizarea României. Cazul "Carol I"" 4554:. In Hamilton, Richard F.; Herwig, Holger H. (eds.). 3815:. Societate & civilizație. Bucharest: Humanitas. 3397:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 317. 904:

The war had also made possible the appearance of the

6350:

Romanian people of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

5306: 5193:"Knights of the Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius" 5169:. Librairie polytechnique De Decq. 1870. p. 53. 4119:"10 mai. Sosirea lui Carol, Independenţa şi Regatul" 3364:"IV: Călătoria spre România și sosirea la București" 3278:

Carmen Sylva. Uimitoarea regina Elisabeta a Romaniei

866:

and following heavy fighting and a prolonged siege,

714:, 1872. Left panel: Alexandru Ioan Cuza betrayed by 5537:

Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg

4748:. Bucharest: Editura Cartea Românească. p. 93. 3725: 1074:, Carol wanted to enter the war on the side of the 516:, Joséphine's niece-in-law, and the other a Murat, 4291:"Seismic Behaviour of the Romanian Danube Bridges" 4232: 3220:. Basingstoke and New York: Springer. p. 29. 3101:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 116. 1023:Carol with his wife and their only daughter (1873) 923:On 15 March 1881, the constitution was amended to 795: 6365:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania 5300:(1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" 5298:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen 4433:. Scotts Valley, CA: Florin Grancea. p. 25. 4406:. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. p. 796. 3835: 1664:Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius, with Collar 732:perpetually excluding women and their descendants 436:on 15 November 1869. They only had one daughter, 429:in 1907, bloodily suppressed by the authorities. 19:"Carol I" redirects here. For the 2009 film, see 6276: 5131:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden 4487:. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse. pp. 149–155. 4236:Popularizing National Pasts: 1800 to the Present 3869:. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press. 3580:"Full Text of the Romanian Constitution of 1866" 3471:https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces5742.html 2803:Claude de Beauharnais, comte des Roches-Baritaud 2291: 915:Romania and its surroundings in 1878, after the 742:Franco-Prussian War and the Republic of Ploiești 341:from 1881 to 1914. He was elected Prince of the 6425:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion 6390:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal) 5428:Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901 5231: 5073:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Preußen 4613:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 332. 2447:Anton Aloys, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 817:, which is known in Romanian historiography as 464:Prince Karl of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen, aged 6 6370:Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Romania) 5151:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern 5067: 5065: 4633: 4585:. Baltimore, MD: Bancroft Press. p. 119. 4038:Sources of State Practice in International Law 3984:. Havertown: Helion and Company. p. 430. 6375:Recipients of the Order of Bravery, 1st class 5753: 5739: 5313:Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898). 5086:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt 4259: 4239:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 1. 2030:Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ 1045:a personal union between Bulgaria and Romania 524:), and they enjoyed very good relations with 474:Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 5613:Newspaper clippings about Carol I of Romania 5376:"Carol I of Romania and the Award Confusion" 4939:"Biblioteca Centrala Universitara "Carol I"" 4779:"Carol I, la judecata istoricilor comunişti" 4578: 3836:Trencsenyi, Balazs; Kopecek, Michal (2006). 3390: 1901: 983:) to build the first contemporary permanent 612:, Karl travelled incognito by railroad from 6420:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles 5419: 5062: 4510:"Chapter Fourteen: War Aims and Neutrality" 4372: 4264:. In Petzek, Edward; Băncilă, Radu (eds.). 2386:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 660: 5746: 5732: 4761:Jefuirea poporului român de către monarhie 4758: 4720:History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness 4663:"Ferdinand I, King of Romania (1865–1927)" 4106:. V.A. Urechia County Library Galați: 4–5. 4036:. In Gaebler, Ralph; Shea, Alison (eds.). 3903:. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 90–92. 3361: 3274: 3035: 2006: 1647: 34: 6267:indicates incumbent/current officeholder. 5416:(1885), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16 4399: 4293:. In Dubină, Dan; Iványi, Miklós (eds.). 3247:. Charleston, SC: BookSurge. p. 24. 3065: 2683:Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden 2505:Princess Amalie Zephyrine of Salm-Kyrburg 2406:Learn how and when to remove this message 1843:Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 1563: 1364: 1241:state, no more than a simple pawn of the 1132:King Carol I of Romania with his nephew ( 1043:. Stambolov's intention was to establish 837: 738:as a symbol of the nation and its unity. 6360:Honorary members of the Romanian Academy 6355:Romanian people of the Second Balkan War 6084:Presidium of the Great National Assembly 5446:"Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III" 5370: 5368: 4743: 4634:Commire, Anne; Klezmer, Deborah (2000). 4169:. Chicago: Scott, Foresman. p. 207. 4161: 4063: 4059: 4057: 3862: 3304: 3213: 3152: 3094: 2473:Karl, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 2180: 2101: 1766: 1731: 1607: 1435: 1231: 1127: 1112:King Carol died on 10 October [ 1063:, which gained Romania the territory of 1015: 949: 910: 852: 779: 705: 664: 656:Romania and its surroundings about 1866. 651: 588: 557: 459: 345:on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of 6380:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria 5425: 5319:. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 4802: 4426: 4179: 3726:McArthur Kallestrup, Shona (May 2005). 3698: 3630: 3438: 3331: 3240: 3182: 3121: 3001: 2308:Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter 2228: 1817: 824:At the behest of then foreign minister 746:While Romania did not take part in the 562:Prince Karl of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen 323:; 20 April 1839 – 10 October [ 6277: 5599:"Charles I., prince of Roumania" 5316:Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia 5101: 5099: 5097: 4831:"Cum și-l amintesc românii pe Carol I" 4776: 4545: 4543: 4507: 4480: 4345: 4260:Ivanyi, Miklos; Băncilă, Radu (2014). 4145:Hayes, Carlton Joseph Huntley (1958). 4031: 4004: 3954:Metodologia cercetarii etnopsihologice 3950: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3808: 3775: 3748: 3603: 3547: 3507: 3481: 3406: 3404: 3357: 3355: 3300: 3298: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3209: 3207: 2943: 2782: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2546: 2436: 2432: 1051:Last years and the looming World War I 604:Due to the political conflict between 531: 248:Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig 6405:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter 6036:Provisional Presidium of the Republic 5727: 5580:Reminiscences of the King of Roumania 5365: 4772: 4770: 4712: 4710: 4579:Kast, Sheilah; Rosapepe, Jim (2009). 4317: 4144: 4116: 4054: 3977: 3923: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3658: 3574: 3572: 3543: 3541: 3503: 3501: 3410: 3391:Seton-Watson, Robert William (1934). 3031: 3029: 2997: 2995: 2858: 2848: 2844: 2832: 2826: 2816: 2800: 2790: 2786: 2770: 2764: 2754: 2738: 2728: 2724: 2712: 2706: 2696: 2680: 2670: 2666: 2642: 2632: 2619: 2609: 2605: 2593: 2587: 2577: 2564: 2554: 2550: 2534: 2528: 2518: 2502: 2492: 2488: 2476: 2470: 2460: 2444: 2440: 1298:. In 2005 it was reintroduced by the 718:; right panel: Carol I, supported by 6410:Burials at Curtea de Argeş Cathedral 6345:Field marshals of the Russian Empire 5578:Online edition of Carol's 1899 book 5235:Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 5010: 4716: 4660: 4549: 4453: 4318:Iancu, Mariana (14 September 2016). 4090: 3896: 3061: 3059: 3036:Kerr, Anne; Wright, Edmund (2015) . 2969: 2967: 2939: 2937: 2384:adding citations to reliable sources 2351: 2337:Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown 2222:Grand Cross of the Star of Karađorđe 1509:Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen 1430:Princely House Order of Hohenzollern 1380:Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the 1287:in Craiova are named in his honour. 975:and Carol ordered Romanian engineer 16:Monarch of Romania from 1866 to 1914 6415:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 6300:Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 5567:", Editura Porțile Orientului, Iași 5509: 5426:Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". 5335:"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste" 5166:Almanach royal officiel de Belgique 5094: 4667:World War I: A Student Encyclopedia 4540: 4151:. New York: Macmillan. p. 178. 3883: 3776:Borcea, Ștefan (1 September 2015). 3401: 3352: 3295: 3261: 3204: 3183:Ionescu, Sinziana (17 March 2016). 1949:Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion 1277:Carol I National Defence University 1182:Carol died on 10 October [ 710:Anti-dynasty cartoon, published in 597:May 8] 1866, Karl entered 13: 6395:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz 5547: 4963:"ODM of Romania: Order of Carol I" 4828: 4767: 4707: 4180:Hălălău, Florin (6 October 2016). 3797: 3687: 3631:Ionescu, Sinziana (3 March 2016). 3569: 3538: 3498: 3332:Lessner, Erwin Christian (1973) . 3026: 2992: 2741:Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 2531:Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern 2217:Grand Cross of the Cross of Takovo 2035:Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword 1326: 1172:, was named prince of Romania and 1123: 1055:In 1913 Romania intervened in the 945: 551:, had been the basis on which the 396:, despite popular demands against 273:Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern 14: 6446: 6325:Romanian people of German descent 6320:Romanian people of French descent 5635:House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 5571: 5498:(in Norwegian), 1890, p. 356 5361:, 1886 – via hathitrust.org 5219:"Knights of the Order of Bravery" 5182:. Braunschweig 1897. Meyer. p. 10 4091:Oneț, Valentina (December 2012). 3702:The Road to Romanian Independence 3056: 2964: 2934: 1932:Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau 1622:Grand Cross of the Southern Cross 1553:Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion 1426:House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 6263:indicate interim officeholders. 5790:United Principalities of Romania 5683:15 March 1881 – 10 October 1914 5560:(Oxford University Press, 1994). 5540:(1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 28 5529: 5133:(1873), "Großherzogliche Orden" 4803:Crăciun, Andrei (26 June 2017). 4162:Wallbank, Thomas Walter (1949). 2356: 2325: 2293: 2259: 2252: 2230: 2204: 2182: 2160: 2103: 2042: 2008: 1990: 1972: 1954: 1937: 1921: 1903: 1885: 1867:Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown 1854: 1819: 1790: 1768: 1751: 1733: 1712: 1705: 1698: 1677: 1649: 1627: 1609: 1587: 1565: 1529: 1475: 1455: 1419: 1366: 726:influence and economic privilege 676:, portrait of Prince Carol, 1881 302: 5486: 5475:(in Swedish), 1905, p. 440 5463: 5452:(in Spanish), 1887, p. 149 5438: 5398: 5327: 5291: 5266: 5252: 5225: 5211: 5197:Official Site of King Simeon II 5185: 5173: 5157: 5154:(1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7 5143: 5124: 5079: 5034: 5004: 4979: 4955: 4931: 4907: 4878: 4848: 4822: 4796: 4777:Lupșor, Andreea (4 July 2017). 4752: 4737: 4683: 4654: 4627: 4599: 4572: 4552:"Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece" 4501: 4474: 4447: 4420: 4393: 4373:Silberstein, Gerard E. (1970). 4366: 4339: 4311: 4282: 4253: 4226: 4198: 4173: 4155: 4138: 4110: 4084: 4025: 3998: 3971: 3944: 3917: 3856: 3829: 3769: 3752:Trei ani in Romania (1870–1873) 3749:Ozanne, James William (2015) . 3742: 3719: 3652: 3624: 3597: 3511:Brief Romanian Military History 3482:Hriscu, Marius (January 2010). 3475: 3463: 3432: 3384: 3325: 3234: 3070:. In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). 3002:Kaliani, Mira (19 April 2018). 2922:Commissions of the Danube River 2422:Ancestors of Carol I of Romania 2172:Grand Cross of the White Falcon 1359:National orders and decorations 1164:(in 1880), and his oldest son, 796:War of independence (1877–1878) 631:), Karl entered the capital of 512:(one of his grandmothers was a 492:, including the assault of the 216: 62:15 March 1881 – 10 October 1914 5710:20 April 1866 – 15 March 1881 4403:World Monarchies and Dynasties 4148:Contemporary Europe Since 1870 4117:Teică, Liliana (10 May 2014). 3548:Damean, Liviu (28 June 2016). 3176: 3146: 3115: 3088: 2913:King Carol I equestrian statue 2859:15. Adrienne de Lézay-Marnézia 2136:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky 1968:, with Golden Crown and Collar 1448:Foreign orders and decorations 699:, which paved the way towards 674:Romanian United Principalities 647: 343:Romanian United Principalities 1: 6315:20th-century kings of Romania 6310:19th-century kings of Romania 6025:Socialist Republic of Romania 5430:. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 4886:"Colegiul National "Carol I"" 4759:Anescu, V.; Popa, M. (1958). 4508:Becker, Jean-Jacques (2012). 3900:Romania: Borderland of Europe 3039:A Dictionary of World History 2001:Order of the Lion and the Sun 1398:Order of the Crown of Romania 1262:collapse of Communism in 1989 800: 455: 105:20 April 1866 – 14 March 1881 41: 5382:(in Russian). Archived from 5380:militaire.vieux-grognard.net 5044:[Order of Carol I]. 4744:Gârneaţă, Alexandru (1960). 4691:"Carol I | Encyclopedia.com" 4556:Decisions for War, 1914–1917 4064:Nyagulov, Blagovest (2012). 3494:(5). Iași, Romania: 346–354. 3411:Mihai, Dana (7 April 2016). 3275:Badea-Paun, Gabriel (2014). 3214:Leustean, Lucian N. (2009). 2927: 2709:Charles, Grand Duke of Baden 2069:Grand Cross of the Red Eagle 2054:Knight's Cross of the Royal 1382:Order of the Star of Romania 979:(a competitor and friend of 880: 788:from the 4th edition of the 682:1866 Constitution of Romania 627:On 10 May 1866 (22 May 1866 337:) from 1866 to 1881, and as 7: 6430:Children of prime ministers 5617:20th Century Press Archives 5434:– via hathitrust.org. 5113:, 1913, pp. 44, 49, 61 4070:Bulgarian Historical Review 4005:Tucker, Spencer C. (2016). 3699:Kellogg, Frederick (1995). 3449:: Phoenix. pp. 1–176. 3370:. Bucharest: Humanitas SA. 3066:Buenviaje, Dino E. (2014). 2906: 2767:Princess Josephine of Baden 2347: 2062:; Grand Commander's Cross, 2056:House Order of Hohenzollern 1762:Grand Cross of the Redeemer 1518:Knight of the Golden Fleece 790:Meyers Konversationslexikon 478:Princess Josephine of Baden 283:Princess Josephine of Baden 10: 6451: 6020:Romanian People's Republic 5565:Regii și Reginele României 4514:A Companion to World War I 3951:Gârlan, Mictat A. (2011). 3586:(in Romanian). 1 June 1866 3368:Regele Carol I al României 3068:"Carol I, King of Romania" 2776: 2660: 2540: 2434: 1897:Grand Cross of St. Charles 1834:Knight of the Annunciation 1723:Saxe-Ernestine House Order 1442:Order of the Golden Fleece 1305: 1281:Central University Library 925:proclaim Romania a kingdom 722:and Brătianu, feeding off 124:Himself as King of Romania 18: 6340:Field marshals of Germany 6258: 6189: 6166: 6122: 6082: 6034: 6018: 5983: 5967: 5922: 5906: 5890: 5876: 5856: 5821: 5805: 5788: 5770:Heads of state of Romania 5765: 5712: 5703: 5695: 5685: 5676: 5668: 5663: 5628: 5047:Familia Regală a României 4661:Hall, Richard C. (2005). 4550:Hall, Richard C. (2003). 4454:Hall, Richard C. (2014). 3671:10.13140/RG.2.1.2160.0080 3362:Lindenberg, Paul (2016). 3125:Nineteenth-Century Europe 3122:Rapport, Michael (2005). 3095:Leuștean, Lucian (2014). 2846: 2838: 2810: 2788: 2784: 2748: 2726: 2718: 2690: 2668: 2664: 2626: 2607: 2599: 2571: 2552: 2548: 2512: 2490: 2482: 2454: 2438: 2141:Knight of the White Eagle 2087:Knight of the Black Eagle 1499:Imperial Order of Leopold 1428:: Cross of Honour of the 1388:Medal of Faithful Service 1348: 1336: 1325: 1312: 1189: 927:. Carol became the first 298: 288: 278: 268: 256: 247: 242: 238: 226: 201: 188: 164: 133: 129: 119: 109: 101: 94: 84: 76: 66: 58: 51: 33: 28: 6330:Romanian Roman Catholics 5587:Carol I, King of Romania 5505:– via runeberg.org 5482:– via runeberg.org 5339:Preussische Ordens-Liste 5232:Jørgen Pedersen (2009). 5050:(in Romanian). Bucharest 4512:. In Horne, John (ed.). 4427:Grancea, Florin (2006). 4400:Middleton, John (2015). 4346:Berend, Ivan T. (2003). 3863:Sluglett, Peter (2011). 3755:. Bucharest: Humanitas. 3305:Hitchins, Keith (2011). 3281:. Bucharest: Humanitas. 3241:Grancea, Florin (2006). 2944:Frucht, Richard (2005). 2829:Stéphanie de Beauharnais 2152:Knight of St. Stanislaus 1916:Order of Prince Danilo I 1466:Order of Albert the Bear 1285:Carol I National College 1176:to the throne, in 1886. 906:Principality of Bulgaria 661:The Constitution of 1866 423:agrarian-focused economy 367:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 263:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 155:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 6435:Sons of princes regnant 6335:Roman Catholic monarchs 6295:People from Sigmaringen 6168:President of SR Romania 5605:The American Cyclopædia 3978:Barry, Quintin (2012). 3809:Marton, Silvia (2016). 3439:Mazower, Mark (2002) . 3308:Ionel Brătianu: Romania 2281:Grand Cross of St. Olav 2195:Knight of the Rue Crown 2003:, 1st Class in Diamonds 1639:Order of Henry the Lion 1544:House Order of Fidelity 1491:, with War Decoration, 1432:, 1st Class with Swords 1319:King Carol I of Romania 1212:constitutional monarchy 1041:Alexander of Battenberg 819:the War of Independence 686:Constitution of Belgium 553:Romanian Principalities 394:Austro-Hungarian Empire 6133:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 5517:The Knights of England 5472:Sveriges Statskalender 5450:Guía Oficial de España 5076:(1908), Genealogy p. 6 4862:. 2006. Archived from 4717:Boia, Lucian (2001) . 4637:Women in World History 3659:Docea, Vasile (2001). 3508:Hentea, Călin (2007). 2590:Marie Antoinette Murat 2272:Knight of the Seraphim 2211:Principality of Serbia 2024:Sash of the Two Orders 1812:Military Service Cross 1689:Knight of the Elephant 1597:: Grand Cordon of the 1444: 1331: 1283:in Bucharest, and the 1268:show broadcast by the 1266:100 Greatest Romanians 1237: 1230: 1141: 1097:On 3 August [ 1024: 959: 920: 858: 838:Romanian participation 792: 727: 677: 657: 601: 563: 526:Napoleon III of France 522:Marie Antoinette Murat 465: 382:Treaty of Berlin, 1878 6093:Constantin Ion Parhon 6045:Constantin Ion Parhon 6005:between 1940 and 1944 5775:Presidents of Romania 5643:House of Hohenzollern 5199:(in Bulgarian). Sofia 4481:Despot, Igor (2012). 4032:Neacșu, Dana (2014). 3924:Bucur, Maria (2010). 3897:Boia, Lucian (2001). 3604:Scurtu, Ioan (2011). 2318:Royal Victorian Chain 2241:: Grand Cross of the 1914:: Grand Cross of the 1781:Order of Kamehameha I 1779:: Grand Cross of the 1744:: Grand Cross of the 1721:: Grand Cross of the 1637:: Grand Cross of the 1464:: Grand Cross of the 1439: 1330: 1302:as a dynastic order. 1300:Romanian royal family 1235: 1220: 1131: 1019: 956:Anghel Saligny Bridge 953: 940:Romanian coat of arms 914: 875:Treaty of San Stefano 856: 783: 709: 668: 655: 599:Drobeta-Turnu Severin 592: 572:Leopold II of Belgium 561: 463: 6195:President of Romania 5950:Constantin Sărăţeanu 5823:Princely Lieutenancy 5640:Cadet branch of the 5515:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) 5495:Norges Statskalender 4695:www.encyclopedia.com 4518:Blackwell Publishing 2380:improve this section 2243:Order of Charles III 2168:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 2127:Knight of St. Andrew 2118:Knight of St. George 1873:Military Merit Cross 1578:Knight of St. Hubert 1489:Military Merit Cross 1136:) and grand-nephew ( 772:Republic of Ploiești 690:separation of powers 593:On May 20 [ 490:Second Schleswig War 432:He married Princess 317:Charles I of Romania 159:German Confederation 80:Monarchy established 6209:Emil Constantinescu 6144:Ion Gheorghe Maurer 6114:Ion Gheorghe Maurer 5813:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 5706:Domnitor of Romania 5699:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 5672:Himself as Domnitor 5630:Carol I of Romania 4187:Observator Cultural 4124:Romanian Television 3008:Ediția de Dimineață 2620:11. Louise d'Astorg 2028:Grand Cross of the 2022:Grand Cross of the 1928:Nassau Ducal Family 1869:, with Crown in Ore 1802:Grand Cross of the 1507:Grand Cross of the 1497:Grand Cross of the 1270:national television 1251:1907 Peasant Revolt 1208:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 1061:Treaty of Bucharest 895:mouth of the Danube 885:After the war, the 826:Mihail Kogălniceanu 748:Franco-Prussian War 541:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 347:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 114:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 5878:Kingdom of Romania 5848:Nicolae Haralambie 5411:2020-09-06 at the 2645:Carol I of Romania 2146:Knight of St. Anna 1797:Hesse and by Rhine 1445: 1332: 1238: 1142: 1118:Marie of Edinburgh 1092:Emperor William II 1025: 960: 921: 864:surrounding Pleven 859: 793: 728: 678: 658: 602: 570:, brother of king 568:Philip of Flanders 564: 466: 371:socialist republic 183:Kingdom of Romania 147:Sigmaringen Castle 6272: 6271: 6191:Post–1989 Romania 6185: 6184: 6177:Nicolae Ceaușescu 6158:Nicolae Ceaușescu 6014: 6013: 5946:Gheorghe Buzdugan 5872: 5871: 5780:Romanian monarchs 5722: 5721: 5713:Succeeded by 5686:Succeeded by 5563:Boris Crăciun – " 5558:Rumania 1866–1947 5386:on 8 October 2017 5245:978-87-7674-434-2 5042:"Ordinul Carol I" 4987:"Ordinul Carol I" 4967:www.medals.org.uk 4829:Lupșor, Andreea. 4214:. 10 October 2018 3142:on June 10, 2021. 2903: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2416: 2415: 2408: 2316:Recipient of the 1984:Order of Osmanieh 1719:Ernestine duchies 1603:28 September 1869 1356: 1355: 1204:Michael the Brave 1200:Stephen the Great 1146:Elizabeth of Wied 1057:Second Balkan War 971:, Romania gained 969:Russo-Turkish War 850:by Prince Carol. 815:Russo-Turkish War 720:Otto von Bismarck 502:Russo-Turkish war 434:Elisabeth of Wied 418:Strousberg Affair 359:Russo-Turkish War 310: 309: 252: 251: 208:Elisabeth of Wied 6442: 6305:Kings of Romania 6225:Nicolae Văcăroiu 6104:Mihail Sadoveanu 6068: 6055:Mihail Sadoveanu 6032: 6031: 5958: 5888: 5887: 5831: 5803: 5802: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5696:Preceded by 5669:Preceded by 5659: 5652: 5626: 5625: 5609: 5601: 5541: 5533: 5527: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5423: 5417: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5310: 5304: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5285: 5276:. Archived from 5274:"Familia Regala" 5270: 5264: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5161: 5155: 5147: 5141: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5103: 5092: 5083: 5077: 5069: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5019:. Archived from 5011:Piersall, Mark. 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4901: 4892:. Archived from 4882: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4774: 4765: 4764: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4714: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4547: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4097: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4061: 4052: 4051: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3894: 3881: 3880: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3806: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3696: 3685: 3684: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3576: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3545: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3532: 3505: 3496: 3495: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3408: 3399: 3398: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3359: 3350: 3349: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3302: 3293: 3292: 3272: 3259: 3258: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3211: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3138:. Archived from 3119: 3113: 3112: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3063: 3054: 3053: 3033: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3010:. Archived from 2999: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2986: 2975:"Regele Carol I" 2971: 2962: 2961: 2941: 2565:10. Pierre Murat 2428: 2427: 2419: 2418: 2411: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2391: 2360: 2352: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2296: 2264: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2240: 2236: 2234: 2233: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2192: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2131:29 November 1877 2122:5 September 1877 2113: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2082:18 December 1877 2047: 2046: 2045: 2018: 2014: 2012: 2011: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1978: 1976: 1975: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1943: 1941: 1940: 1926: 1925: 1913: 1909: 1907: 1906: 1891: 1889: 1888: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1829: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1795: 1794: 1778: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1756: 1755: 1746:Legion of Honour 1743: 1739: 1737: 1736: 1717: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1669:Order of Bravery 1659: 1655: 1653: 1652: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1612: 1599:Order of Leopold 1593: 1591: 1590: 1575: 1571: 1569: 1568: 1535: 1533: 1532: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1460: 1459: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1408:Order of Carol I 1376: 1372: 1370: 1369: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1309: 1296:Romanian Kingdom 1292:Order of Carol I 1174:heir-presumptive 1090:and his cousin, 1065:Southern Dobruja 1033:Stefan Stambolov 973:Northern Dobruja 917:Treaty of Berlin 891:Northern Dobruja 887:Treaty of Berlin 868:Osman Nuri Pasha 510:Bonaparte family 386:Southern Dobruja 306: 240: 239: 220: 218: 171: 143: 141: 46: 43: 38: 26: 25: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6254: 6193: 6181: 6162: 6118: 6078: 6062: 6027: 6023: 6010: 5979: 5963: 5952: 5936:Prince Nicholas 5918: 5902: 5882:King of Romania 5880: 5868: 5852: 5843:Nicolae Golescu 5838:Lascăr Catargiu 5825: 5817: 5792: 5784: 5761: 5752: 5718: 5716:Himself as King 5709: 5701: 5691: 5682: 5679:King of Romania 5674: 5658:10 October 1914 5653: 5647: 5646: 5638: 5631: 5596: 5574: 5550: 5548:Further reading 5545: 5544: 5534: 5530: 5514: 5510: 5501: 5499: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5478: 5476: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5455: 5453: 5444: 5443: 5439: 5424: 5420: 5413:Wayback Machine 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5374: 5373: 5366: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5311: 5307: 5296: 5292: 5283: 5281: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5253: 5246: 5230: 5226: 5221:(in Bulgarian). 5217: 5216: 5212: 5202: 5200: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5178: 5174: 5163: 5162: 5158: 5148: 5144: 5129: 5125: 5116: 5114: 5105: 5104: 5095: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5026: 5024: 5009: 5005: 4996: 4994: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4971: 4969: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4947: 4945: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4923: 4921: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4899: 4897: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4801: 4797: 4787: 4785: 4775: 4768: 4757: 4753: 4742: 4738: 4731: 4715: 4708: 4699: 4697: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4677: 4659: 4655: 4648: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4548: 4541: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4520:. p. 208. 4506: 4502: 4495: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4425: 4421: 4414: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4371: 4367: 4360: 4344: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4178: 4174: 4160: 4156: 4143: 4139: 4129: 4127: 4115: 4111: 4095: 4089: 4085: 4062: 4055: 4048: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3949: 3945: 3938: 3922: 3918: 3911: 3895: 3884: 3877: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3807: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3747: 3743: 3724: 3720: 3713: 3697: 3688: 3681: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3602: 3598: 3589: 3587: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3546: 3539: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3518:. p. 102. 3516:Scarecrow Press 3506: 3499: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3457: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3409: 3402: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3330: 3326: 3319: 3303: 3296: 3289: 3273: 3262: 3255: 3239: 3235: 3228: 3212: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3181: 3177: 3170: 3154:Hitchins, Keith 3151: 3147: 3136: 3120: 3116: 3109: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3064: 3057: 3050: 3034: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3014:on 10 June 2021 3000: 2993: 2984: 2982: 2973: 2972: 2965: 2958: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2909: 2904: 2412: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2377: 2361: 2350: 2345: 2326: 2324: 2294: 2292: 2258: 2251: 2245:, with Collar, 2231: 2229: 2205: 2203: 2183: 2181: 2161: 2159: 2129:, with Swords, 2104: 2102: 2093:; with Collar, 2058:, with Swords, 2043: 2041: 2009: 2007: 1991: 1989: 1973: 1971: 1955: 1953: 1938: 1936: 1920: 1904: 1902: 1886: 1884: 1855: 1853: 1820: 1818: 1808:8 November 1869 1789: 1769: 1767: 1750: 1734: 1732: 1725:, with Swords, 1711: 1704: 1697: 1678: 1676: 1650: 1648: 1628: 1626: 1610: 1608: 1588: 1586: 1566: 1564: 1530: 1528: 1483:Austrian Empire 1476: 1474: 1454: 1420: 1418: 1406:Founder of the 1396:Founder of the 1386:Founder of the 1367: 1365: 1338:Reference style 1318: 1316: 1313: 1308: 1192: 1140:). Circa 1905. 1126: 1124:Life and family 1084:Triple Alliance 1053: 948: 946:King of Romania 929:King of Romania 883: 840: 803: 798: 786:Siege of Plevna 757:Ion C. Brătianu 744: 736:moral authority 672:: 5 lei of the 663: 650: 610:Austrian Empire 537: 458: 378:siege of Plevna 222: 219: 1869) 214: 210: 197: 194:Curtea de Argeș 173: 169: 168:10 October 1914 145: 139: 137: 96:Domn of Romania 53:King of Romania 47: 44: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6448: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6270: 6269: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6249:Klaus Iohannis 6245: 6243:Traian Băsescu 6240: 6237:Crin Antonescu 6233: 6231:Traian Băsescu 6228: 6221: 6219:Traian Băsescu 6216: 6211: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6197:(1989–present) 6187: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6173: 6171: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6140: 6135: 6129: 6127: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6108:Anton Moisescu 6100: 6095: 6089: 6087: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6060:Gheorghe Stere 6057: 6052: 6041: 6039: 6029: 6016: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6006: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5943: 5938: 5934:under regents 5926: 5924: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5916: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5894: 5892: 5885: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5832: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5809: 5807: 5800: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5755:Heads of state 5751: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5728: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5711: 5702: 5697: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5684: 5675: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5664:Regnal titles 5661: 5660: 5639: 5632: 5629: 5624: 5623: 5610: 5594: 5583: 5573: 5572:External links 5570: 5569: 5568: 5561: 5554:Keith Hitchins 5549: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5528: 5508: 5485: 5462: 5437: 5418: 5397: 5364: 5326: 5305: 5290: 5265: 5251: 5244: 5224: 5210: 5184: 5172: 5156: 5142: 5123: 5107:"Ritter-Orden" 5093: 5078: 5061: 5033: 5003: 4991:Familia Regala 4978: 4954: 4930: 4915:"UNAp – ACASA" 4906: 4877: 4866:on 16 May 2007 4847: 4821: 4795: 4766: 4751: 4736: 4729: 4706: 4682: 4675: 4653: 4646: 4626: 4619: 4598: 4591: 4571: 4564: 4539: 4526: 4500: 4493: 4473: 4466: 4446: 4439: 4419: 4412: 4392: 4385: 4365: 4358: 4338: 4310: 4303: 4281: 4274: 4252: 4245: 4225: 4197: 4172: 4154: 4137: 4109: 4083: 4072:(3–4): 36–61. 4053: 4046: 4024: 4017: 3997: 3990: 3970: 3963: 3943: 3936: 3916: 3909: 3882: 3875: 3855: 3848: 3828: 3821: 3796: 3768: 3761: 3741: 3718: 3711: 3686: 3679: 3651: 3623: 3616: 3596: 3568: 3537: 3524: 3497: 3474: 3462: 3455: 3431: 3400: 3383: 3376: 3351: 3344: 3324: 3317: 3294: 3287: 3260: 3253: 3233: 3226: 3203: 3175: 3168: 3145: 3134: 3114: 3107: 3087: 3080: 3055: 3048: 3025: 2991: 2979:Familia Regala 2963: 2956: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2705: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2424: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2364: 2362: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2343: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2314: 2301:United Kingdom 2289: 2288: 2287: 2278: 2249: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2201: 2178: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2124: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2084: 2078:Pour le Mérite 2075: 2073:4 October 1869 2066: 2064:3 October 1867 2039: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2004: 1997:Persian Empire 1987: 1980:Ottoman Empire 1969: 1951: 1934: 1918: 1899: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1870: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1840: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1787: 1764: 1748: 1729: 1695: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1645: 1624: 1605: 1584: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1550: 1542:Knight of the 1526: 1525: 1524: 1515: 1505: 1495: 1472: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1434: 1433: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1404: 1394: 1384: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1323: 1322: 1307: 1304: 1260:Following the 1191: 1188: 1155:Princess Maria 1125: 1122: 1080:Triple Entente 1076:Central Powers 1052: 1049: 1004:Central Powers 981:Gustave Eiffel 977:Anghel Saligny 947: 944: 882: 879: 839: 836: 802: 799: 797: 794: 743: 740: 703:independence. 697:Ottoman Empire 662: 659: 649: 646: 536: 530: 476:and his wife, 457: 454: 450:King Ferdinand 357:(1878) in the 355:Ottoman Empire 308: 307: 300: 296: 295: 293:Roman Catholic 290: 286: 285: 280: 276: 275: 270: 266: 265: 260: 254: 253: 250: 249: 245: 244: 236: 235: 233:Princess Maria 230: 224: 223: 212: 206: 205: 203: 199: 198: 192: 190: 186: 185: 172:(aged 75) 166: 162: 161: 135: 131: 130: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 92: 91: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 70: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 49: 48: 45: 1905-14 39: 31: 30: 21:Carol I (film) 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6447: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 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A. Rosetti 758: 753: 749: 739: 737: 733: 725: 721: 717: 713: 708: 704: 702: 698: 693: 691: 687: 683: 675: 671: 667: 654: 645: 643: 640:this oath in 638: 634: 630: 625: 623: 622:Turnu Severin 619: 615: 611: 607: 600: 596: 591: 587: 585: 579: 577: 573: 569: 560: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 534: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 462: 453: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 430: 428: 424: 420: 419: 414: 410: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 384:and acquired 383: 379: 374: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 335: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 305: 301: 297: 294: 291: 287: 284: 281: 277: 274: 271: 267: 264: 261: 259: 255: 246: 241: 237: 234: 231: 229: 225: 209: 204: 200: 195: 191: 187: 184: 180: 176: 167: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144:20 April 1839 136: 132: 128: 125: 122: 118: 115: 112: 108: 104: 100: 97: 93: 90: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 69: 65: 61: 57: 54: 50: 37: 32: 27: 22: 6264: 6260: 6247: 6235: 6223: 6142: 6138:Chivu Stoica 6102: 6000: 5897: 5863: 5794: 5715: 5704: 5677: 5671: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5633: 5603: 5579: 5564: 5557: 5535: 5531: 5520: 5516: 5511: 5500:, retrieved 5494: 5488: 5477:, retrieved 5471: 5465: 5454:, retrieved 5449: 5440: 5427: 5421: 5404: 5400: 5388:. Retrieved 5384:the original 5379: 5342: 5338: 5329: 5315: 5308: 5297: 5293: 5282:. Retrieved 5278:the original 5268: 5258: 5254: 5234: 5227: 5213: 5201:. Retrieved 5196: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5159: 5149: 5145: 5130: 5126: 5115:, retrieved 5110: 5085: 5081: 5071: 5052:. Retrieved 5045: 5036: 5025:. Retrieved 5021:the original 5016: 5006: 4995:. Retrieved 4990: 4981: 4970:. Retrieved 4966: 4957: 4946:. Retrieved 4942: 4933: 4922:. Retrieved 4918: 4909: 4898:. Retrieved 4894:the original 4889: 4880: 4868:. Retrieved 4864:the original 4859: 4850: 4838:. Retrieved 4834: 4824: 4812:. Retrieved 4808: 4798: 4786:. Retrieved 4782: 4760: 4754: 4745: 4739: 4719: 4698:. Retrieved 4694: 4685: 4666: 4656: 4636: 4629: 4608: 4601: 4581: 4574: 4555: 4531:. Retrieved 4513: 4503: 4483: 4476: 4456: 4449: 4429: 4422: 4402: 4395: 4375: 4368: 4348: 4341: 4329:. Retrieved 4323: 4313: 4294: 4284: 4265: 4255: 4235: 4228: 4216:. Retrieved 4209: 4200: 4191: 4185: 4175: 4164: 4157: 4147: 4140: 4128:. Retrieved 4122: 4112: 4103: 4099: 4086: 4069: 4037: 4027: 4007: 4000: 3980: 3973: 3953: 3946: 3926: 3919: 3899: 3865: 3858: 3838: 3831: 3811: 3787:. Retrieved 3781: 3771: 3751: 3744: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3701: 3661: 3654: 3642:. Retrieved 3636: 3626: 3606: 3599: 3588:. Retrieved 3583: 3559:. Retrieved 3553: 3529:. Retrieved 3510: 3491: 3487: 3477: 3465: 3441: 3434: 3422:. Retrieved 3416: 3393: 3386: 3367: 3334: 3327: 3307: 3277: 3243: 3236: 3216: 3194:. Retrieved 3188: 3178: 3158: 3148: 3140:the original 3124: 3117: 3097: 3090: 3071: 3038: 3016:. Retrieved 3012:the original 3007: 2983:. Retrieved 2978: 2946: 2644: 2402: 2393: 2378:Please help 2366: 2340: 2312:30 June 1892 2311: 2284: 2275: 2246: 2198: 2175: 2130: 2121: 2094: 2091:1 April 1880 2090: 2081: 2080:(military), 2072: 2063: 2059: 1846: 1837: 1807: 1804:Ludwig Order 1785:15 June 1882 1784: 1726: 1692: 1642: 1602: 1601:(military), 1581: 1556: 1547: 1521: 1512: 1502: 1492: 1469: 1411: 1401: 1392:9 April 1878 1391: 1352:Your Majesty 1349:Spoken style 1317: 1289: 1274: 1259: 1247:lower Danube 1239: 1228:foundations. 1221: 1193: 1181: 1178: 1159: 1143: 1111: 1096: 1069: 1054: 1030: 1026: 1020: 1012: 1001: 965:Peleș Castle 961: 933: 922: 903: 898: 884: 872: 860: 841: 823: 804: 776: 765: 745: 729: 716:Ion Brătianu 711: 700: 694: 679: 626: 603: 584:Ion Brătianu 580: 576:Lower Danube 565: 538: 532: 506: 496:citadel and 467: 431: 427:major revolt 416: 413:Conservative 406: 375: 349:by a palace 332: 320: 316: 312: 311: 175:Peleș Castle 170:(1914-10-10) 123: 6290:1914 deaths 6285:1839 births 6214:Ion Iliescu 6204:Ion Iliescu 6170:(1974–1989) 6126:(1961–1974) 6098:Petru Groza 6086:(1948–1961) 6063: [ 6038:(1947–1948) 5953: [ 5914:Ferdinand I 5884:(1881–1947) 5826: [ 5799:(1862–1881) 5689:Ferdinand I 4943:www.bcub.ro 4919:www.unap.ro 3584:www.cdep.ro 2333:Württemberg 2285:3 June 1885 2154:, 1st Class 2148:, 1st Class 1986:, 1st Class 1945:Netherlands 1861:Mecklenburg 1847:4 June 1878 1838:4 June 1878 1693:10 May 1879 1671:, 1st Class 1412:10 May 1906 1343:His Majesty 1216:Lucian Boia 1072:World War I 1008:World War I 936:Steel Crown 848:promulgated 784:Map of the 752:Francophile 670:Silver coin 648:Early reign 514:Beauharnais 470:Sigmaringen 351:coup d'état 151:Sigmaringen 110:Predecessor 89:Ferdinand I 77:Predecessor 72:10 May 1881 6279:Categories 6050:Ion Niculi 6002:Conducător 5797:of Romania 5523:, London, 5502:2018-01-06 5479:2018-01-06 5345:, Berlin: 5284:2020-06-10 5203:17 October 5027:2017-12-16 4997:2019-03-14 4972:2019-03-14 4948:2019-03-14 4924:2019-03-14 4900:2019-03-14 4890:www.cnc.ro 4700:2022-03-05 4533:2014-03-02 4100:Axis Libri 3680:9738063760 3590:2019-03-14 3531:2014-03-02 2985:2019-03-15 2396:April 2019 1911:Montenegro 991:, between 801:Background 614:Düsseldorf 535:to Romania 494:Fredericia 456:Early life 140:1839-04-20 68:Coronation 6028:(1965–89) 6022:(1947–65) 5991:Michael I 5984:1940–1947 5968:1930–1940 5930:Michael I 5923:1927–1930 5907:1914–1927 5891:1881–1914 5857:1866–1881 5806:1862–1866 4078:0204-8906 4034:"Romania" 2928:Citations 2917:Bucharest 2367:does not 1962:Oldenburg 1635:Brunswick 1314:Styles of 1196:Decebalus 1170:Ferdinand 1134:Ferdinand 997:Cernavodă 987:over the 881:Aftermath 633:Bucharest 545:Wallachia 520:'s niece 373:in 1947. 299:Signature 196:, Romania 120:Successor 85:Successor 40:Carol I, 5975:Carol II 5795:Domnitor 5456:21 March 5409:Archived 4870:14 March 4840:14 March 4835:Historia 4814:14 March 4809:Historia 4788:14 March 4783:Historia 4331:25 March 4325:Adevărul 4218:25 March 4211:Antena 1 4166:Americas 4130:25 March 3789:15 March 3783:Adevărul 3644:14 March 3638:Adevărul 3561:14 March 3424:15 March 3418:Adevărul 3196:15 March 3190:Adevărul 3156:(1994). 3018:15 March 2907:See also 2348:Ancestry 2016:Portugal 1877:Schwerin 1657:Bulgaria 1107:Brătianu 1021:Domnitor 831:de facto 807:Bulgaria 768:Ploiești 712:Ghimpele 608:and the 549:Moldavia 533:En route 390:Bulgaria 334:Domnitor 289:Religion 6261:Italics 5898:Carol I 5864:Carol I 5759:Romania 5619:of the 5615:in the 5608:. 1879. 5054:16 June 4610:Russian 3159:Romania 2388:removed 2373:sources 2049:Prussia 1685:Denmark 1595:Belgium 1573:Bavaria 1374:Romania 1306:Honours 1166:William 1162:Leopold 1150:Neuwied 993:Fetești 701:de jure 637:Băneasa 606:Prussia 547:and in 518:Joachim 482:Münster 446:William 442:Leopold 409:Liberal 398:Hungary 313:Carol I 221: 213: 29:Carol I 6150:& 6106:& 5654: 5589:, in: 5390:8 June 5242: 5135:pp. 60 5117:8 June 4727: 4673: 4644: 4617: 4589: 4562: 4524: 4491: 4464: 4437: 4410: 4383: 4356: 4301: 4272: 4243: 4076: 4044: 4015: 3988: 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