Suffrage - Knowledge

3590: 3691:– the consequences of World War I persuaded the government to expand the right to vote, not only for the many men who fought in the war who were disenfranchised, but also for the women who worked in factories, agriculture and elsewhere as part of the war effort, often substituting for enlisted men and including dangerous work such as in munitions factories. All men aged 21 and over were given the right to vote. Property restrictions for voting were lifted for men. The local government franchise was extended to include all women over 21, on the same terms as men. Parliamentary Votes were given to 40% of women, with property restrictions and limited to those over 30 years old. This increased the electorate from 7.7 million to 21.4 million with women making up 8.5 million of the electorate. Seven percent of the electorate had more than one vote, either because they owned business property or because they were university graduates. The first election with this system was the 55: 2288: 958: 453: 684: 11817: 1964: 1953: 282: 7200: 378: 7462: 262:, which means "to free." Other common uses of the term today have less resemblance to the original meaning as they are associated with a corporation or organization selling limited autonomy to run a part of its operation (such as a sports team or restaurant). This modern connotation with exclusivity, however, clashes with ideas like universal suffrage where voting is a right for all, not a privilege for a select few. 757:; Article 21 states: "(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures." 11827: 949:, this article was amended, granting non-Christians the right to become Romanian citizens, but naturalization was granted on a case-by-case basis and was subject to Parliamentary approval. An application took over ten years to process. Only in 1923 was a new constitution adopted, whose article 133 extended Romanian citizenship to all Jewish residents and equality of rights to all Romanian citizens. 3777:(1964): "The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax." This did not change the rules for state elections. 2176:, the 1889 Nationality Law barred those who had acquired the French nationality by naturalization or marriage from voting, and from eligibility and access to several public jobs. In 1938 the delay was reduced to five years. These instances of discrimination, as well as others against naturalized citizens, were gradually abolished in 1973 (9 January 1973 law) and 1983. 618:'s chair. In a leaked document from 2012, an official report concerning the City's Cash revealed that the aim of major occasions such as set-piece sumptuous banquets featuring national politicians was "to increase the emphasis on complementing hospitality with business meetings consistent with the City corporation's role in supporting the City as a financial centre". 2145:. Several countries qualified this with restrictions preventing non-white British citizens such as Indians and British Africans from voting. Under European Union law, citizens of European Union countries can vote in each other's local and European Parliament elections on the same basis as citizens of the country in question, but usually not in national elections. 2976:. There was no property qualification; thus Māori men gained universal suffrage before other New Zealanders. The number of seats did not reflect the size of the Māori population, but Māori men who met the property requirement for general electorates were able to vote in them or in the Māori electorates but not both. 2749:. The Basic Law, the constitution of the territory since 1997, stipulates that all permanent residents (a status conferred by birth or by seven years of residence) have the right to vote. The right of permanent residents who have right of abode in other countries to stand in election is, however, restricted to 12 1098:

and other tests were used to disenfranchise African-Americans. Property qualifications have tended to disenfranchise a minority race, particularly if tribally owned land is not allowed to be taken into consideration. In some cases this was an unintended (but usually welcome) consequence. Many African

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1881 – The House of Keys Election Act is amended so that the property qualification is reduced to a net annual value of not less than £4. Most significantly, the Act is also amended to extend the franchise to unmarried women and widows over the age of 21 who own property, making the Isle of Man the

2056:) the denial of the right to vote is automatic upon a felony conviction; in other cases (e.g. France and Germany) deprivation of the vote is meted out separately, and often limited to perpetrators of specific crimes such as those against the electoral system or corruption of public officials. In the 723:

women, "These female chieftains are women of standing amongst the savages, and they have a deciding vote in the councils. They make decisions there like the men, and it is they who even delegated the first ambassadors to discuss peace." The Iroquois, like many First Nations peoples in North America,

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Those against the women's suffrage movement made public organizations to put down the political movement, with the main argument being that a woman's place was in the home, not polls. Political cartoons and public outrage over women's rights increased as the opposition to suffrage worked to organize

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is created, and every South African citizen over the age of 18 has the right to vote for the assembly. The right to vote is also extended to long term residents. It is estimated the 500 000 foreign nationals voted in the 1994 national and provincial elections. Elections of the assembly are based on

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and the European Union have granted voting rights to citizens of all countries within that organisation. Until the mid-twentieth century, many Commonwealth countries gave the vote to all British citizens within the country, regardless of whether they were normally resident there. In most cases this

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In some cases, a certain period of residence in a locality may required for the right to vote in that location. For example, in the United Kingdom up to 2001, each 15 February a new electoral register came into effect, based on registration as of the previous 10 October, with the effect of limiting

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meaning that the votes cast by those eligible to vote are not equal, but weighed differently according to the person's income or rank in society (e.g., people who do not own property or whose income is lower than a given amount are barred from voting; or people with higher education have more votes

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IV. That all inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money, clear estate in the same, and have resided within the county in which they claim a vote for twelve months immediately preceding the election, shall be entitled to vote for Representatives in Council

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states that "Every Finnish citizen and every foreigner permanently resident in Finland, having attained eighteen years of age, has the right to vote in municipal elections and municipal referendums, as provided by an Act. Provisions on the right to otherwise participate in municipal government are

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enabled women to vote federally in Australia and in the state of New South Wales. This legislation also allowed women to run for government, making Australia the first in the world to allow this. In 1906 Finland became the next nation in the world to give all adult citizens full suffrage, in other

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of the 1830s, only men who owned land of a specified acreage or monetary value could vote or participate in elections. Similarly, in Brazil, the Constitution of 1824 established that, in order to vote, citizens would need to have an annual income of 200,000 milréis and, to be voted, their minimum

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would be achieved when all have the right to vote without restriction. It could, for example, look like a system where everyone was presumed to have the right to vote unless a government can prove beyond a reasonable doubt the need to revoke voting rights. The trend towards universal suffrage has

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1869 – male citizens above 25 (citizens of state in North German Confederation), not disfranchised, not a bankrupt nor in bankruptcy proceedings, not serving soldier, did not claim pauper relief a year before the election, inhabitant of the electoral district, not in prison, not declared legally

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1989 – Reestablishment of universal suffrage for all citizens over 16 years of age. People considered illiterate are not obliged to vote, nor are people younger than 18 and older than 70 years of age. People under the obligation rule shall file a document to justify their absence should they not

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Under certain electoral systems elections are held within subnational jurisdictions, thus preventing persons from voting who would otherwise be eligible on the basis that they do not reside within such a jurisdiction, or because they live in an area that cannot participate. In the United States,

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Much anti-suffrage propaganda poked fun at the idea of women in politics. Political cartoons displayed the most sentiment by portraying the issue of women's suffrage to be swapped with men's lives. Some mocked the popular suffrage hairstyle of full-upward combed hair. Others depicted young girls

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By 1840, only three states retained a property qualification, North Carolina (for some state-wide offices only), Rhode Island, and Virginia. In 1856 North Carolina was the last state to end the practice. Tax-paying qualifications were also gone in all but a few states by the Civil War, but they

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The right to vote and the right to stand in elections are not equal. Fewer than 250,000 of the electorate are eligible to run in the 30 functional constituencies, of which 23 are elected by fewer than 80,000 of the electorate, and in the 2008 Legislative Council election 14 members were elected

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introduced the Age of Majority (Reduction) Bill in October 1970, the voting age in South Australia was lowered to 18 years old in 1973. Consequently, the voting age for all federal elections was lowered from 21 to 18. The states had lowered the voting age to 18 by 1973, the first being Western

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were entitled to vote, be a candidate for parliamentary elections, or be appointed minister. However, ordinary naturalized citizens could vote for municipal elections. Ordinary naturalized citizens and citizens who had acquired Belgian nationality through marriage could vote, but not run as

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and the District Council (Second) functional constituency. In addition to those persons who are mentally disabled, bankrupt, or imprisoned, members who resign their seats will not have the right to stand for six months' time from their resignation. The bill is currently passing through the

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All modern democracies require voters to meet age qualifications to vote. Worldwide voting ages are not consistent, differing between countries and even within countries, though the range usually varies between 16 and 21 years. The United Kingdom was the first major democratic nation to

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an elected body. The vote is given to men over the age of 21 who own property worth at least £8 a year or rent property worth at least £12 a year. Candidates must be male, with real estate of an annual value of £100, or of £50 along with a personal estate producing an annual income of

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One of the important proposals is contained in Section 3 and in the Schedule which provides for the repeal of the prohibition on the registration of Gardaí as voters at Dáil elections. In future, if this provision is enacted, Gardaí can vote at Dáil and Presidential elections and at

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male adult property owners to vote (about 6% of the population). By 1856 property ownership requirements were eliminated in all states, giving suffrage to most white men. However, tax-paying requirements remained in five states until 1860 and in two states until the 20th century.

1025:, voting on the "A" roll, which elected up to 50 of the 65 members of parliament, was restricted based on education requirements, which in practice led to an overwhelming white vote. Voting on the "B" roll had universal suffrage, but only appointed 15 members of parliament. 711:

permitted some women the right to sit and vote at national assemblies – as with various high-ranking abbesses in Medieval Germany, who were ranked among the independent princes of the empire. Their Protestant successors enjoyed the same privilege almost into modern times.

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Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, many nations made voters pay to elect officials, keeping impoverished people from being fully enfranchised. These laws were in effect in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

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to represent Indian citizens. Every coloured and Indian citizen over the age of 18 can vote in elections for the relevant house. As with the House of Assembly, the members are elected by first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. The CPRC and SAIC are

703:, often cited as the birthplace of democracy, only adult, male citizens who owned land were permitted to vote. Through subsequent centuries, Europe was generally ruled by monarchs, though various forms of parliament arose at different times. The high rank ascribed to 203:

in the second century and later came to mean "political patronage, influence, interest, or support", and sometimes "popular acclaim" or "applause". By the fourth century the word was used for "an intercession", asking a patron for their influence with the Almighty.

2954:, to the colony. The vote was limited to male British subjects aged 21 or over who owned or rented sufficient property and were not imprisoned for a serious offence. Communally owned land was excluded from the property qualification, thus disenfranchising most 1111:

and the following period before more formal methods of disenfranchisement became entrenched. Unofficial discrimination could even manifest in ways which, while allowing the act of voting itself, effectively deprive it of any value – for example, in

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Indirect – nothing in law specifically prevents anyone from voting on account of their race, but other laws or regulations are used to exclude people of a particular race. In southern states of the United States of America before the passage of the

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must be natural-born citizens. All other governmental offices may be held by any citizen, although citizens may only run for Congress after an extended period of citizenship (seven years for the House of Representatives and nine for the Senate).

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Every person who shall be chosen a member of either house, or appointed to any office or place of trust, before taking his seat, or entering upon the execution of his office, shall (...) also make and subscribe the following declaration, to wit:

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Unofficial – nothing in law prevents anyone from voting on account of their race, but people of particular races are intimidated or otherwise prevented from exercising this right. This was a common tactic employed by white Southerners against

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than those with lower education; stockholders who have more shares in a given company have more votes than those with fewer shares). In many countries, census suffrage restricted who could vote and be elected: in the United States, until the

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1919 – Universal adult suffrage based on residency is introduced: all male and female residents over the age of 21 may vote. The entire electorate (with the exception of clergy and holders of office of profit) becomes eligible to stand for

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gives the vote to all soldiers, even non-citizens, (with the exception of Indian and Metis veterans) and to women serving as nurses or clerks for the armed forces, but the votes are not for specific candidates but simply for or against the

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Although the Kingdom of Hawai'i granted female suffrage in 1840, the right was rescinded in 1852. Limited voting rights were gained by some women in Sweden, Britain, and some western U.S. states in the 1860s. In 1893, the British colony of

10843: 978:). Most countries abolished the property qualification for national elections in the late nineteenth century, but retained it for local government elections for several decades. Today these laws have largely been abolished, although the 111:

In most democracies, eligible voters can vote in elections for representatives. Voting on issues by referendum may also be available. For example, in Switzerland, this is permitted at all levels of government. In the United States, some

768:, which went into force in 1954, enshrining the equal rights of women to vote, hold office, and access public services as set out by national laws. One of the most recent jurisdictions to acknowledge women's full right to vote was 2254:(article VI, section 1) stated that "The following classes of persons shall not be allowed to vote in this State, to wit: (...) Fifth—All soldiers, marines and seamen, employed in the service of the army or navy of the United States." 2691:

1866 – male citizens above 25 (citizen for at least three years), not disfranchised, not declared legally incapable, did not claim pauper relief a year before the election, enrolled on the electoral roll, inhabitant of the electoral

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in many places. In some countries additional restrictions exist. In Great Britain and the United States a felon might lose the right to vote. As of 2022, Florida felons with court debts may not vote. In some countries being under

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unopposed from these functional constituencies. The size of the electorates of some constituencies is fewer than 200. Only persons who can demonstrate a connection to the sector are eligible to run in a functional constituency.

930:) were disenfranchised by the wartime Elections Act of 1917, mainly because they opposed military service. This disenfranchisement ended with the closure of the First World War, but was renewed for Doukhobors from 1934 (via the 1060:

Various countries, usually countries with a dominant race within a wider population, have historically denied the vote to people of particular races, or to all but the dominant race. This has been achieved in a number of ways:

401:, who used extremist measures. Short-lived suffrage equity was drafted into provisions of the State of New Jersey's first, 1776 Constitution, which extended the Right to Vote to unwed female landholders and black land owners. 477:

legitimate groups campaigning against women's voting rights. The Massachusetts Association Opposed to the Further Extension of Suffrage to Women was one organization that came out of the 1880s to put down the voting efforts.

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I, A B. do profess faith in God the Father, and in Jesus Christ His only Son, and in the Holy Ghost, one God, blessed for evermore; and I do acknowledge the holy scriptures of the Old and New Testament to be given by divine

3291: 812:, Roman Catholics were denied the right to vote from 1728 to 1793, and the right to sit in parliament until 1829. The anti-Catholic policy was justified on the grounds that the loyalty of Catholics supposedly lay with the 5646: 1077:

South Africa, or many colonial political systems, who provided suffrage only for white settlers and some privileged non-white groups). Canada and Australia denied suffrage for their indigenous populations until the

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was used in the fifth and sixth centuries with connection to buying influence or profiteering from appointing to office, and eventually the word referred to the bribe itself. William Smith rejects the connection of

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1892 – The franchise is extended to unmarried women and widows over the age of 21 who rent property worth a net annual value of at least £4, as well as to male lodgers. The property qualification for candidates is

1021:" were previously implemented to exclude those who were illiterate. Black voters in the South were often deemed by election officials to have failed the test even when they did not. Under the 1961 constitution of 3320: 2687:

1849 – male citizens above 25, not disfranchised, not declared legally incapable, did not claim pauper relief a year before the election, not a bankrupt nor in bankruptcy proceedings, not convicted of electoral

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In 1840, the king of Hawai'i issued a constitution that granted universal suffrage without mention of sex or age, but later amendments added restrictions, as the influence of Caucasian settlers increased:

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in their electoral laws; e.g. only landowners could vote (because the only tax for such countries was the property tax), or the voting rights were weighted according to the amount of taxes paid (as in the

3678:– addressed imbalances between the boroughs and the countryside; this brought the voting population to 5,500,000, although 40% of males were still disenfranchised because of the property qualification. 2343:

enables women to vote federally and in the state of New South Wales. This legislation also allows women to run for government, making Australia the first democratic state in the world to allow this.

738:, where universal suffrage without mention of age or sex was introduced in 1840; however, a constitutional amendment in 1852 rescinded female voting and put property qualifications on male voting. 2874:

first place to give some women the vote in a national election. The property qualification for candidates is modified to allow the alternative of personal property producing a year income of £150.

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are to be indirectly elected by chiefs and local authorities to represent black South Africans throughout the country. The act is passed with the necessary two-thirds majority in a joint sitting.

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voting in single-member constituencies. The franchise qualifications are the same as those previously existing for elections of the legislatures of the colonies that comprised the Union. In the

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is limited to men meeting property and literacy qualifications and is colour-blind; nonetheless 85% of voters are white. The rights of non-white voters in the Cape Province are protected by an

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of government a person is forbidden to be a legislator and an official of the executive branch at the same time. Such provisions are found, for example, in Article I of the U.S. Constitution.

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In 1840, the Kingdom of Hawai'i adopted full suffrage for all subjects without mention of sex, but the constitution of 1852 specified voting by male subjects over the age of 20. In 1902 the

3783:(1971): "The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age." 3224:(CPRC), which has limited legislative powers, is held. Every Coloured citizen over the age of 21 can vote for its members, in first-past-the-post elections in single-member constituencies. 10817: 9289: 7732: 3303: 2357:

guaranteed the right to vote in Commonwealth elections, however, in practice this right was dependent on Aboriginal voting rights having been granted by the individual's respective state.

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of the original Constitution; it also reduced a state's apportionment if it wrongfully denied the right to vote to males over age 21. However, this sanction was not enforced in practice.

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the franchise is limited to men meeting property and literacy qualifications; it was theoretically colour-blind but in practise nearly all non-white men were excluded. The traditional "

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In England and Ireland, several Acts practically disenfranchised non-Anglicans or non-Protestants by imposing an oath before admission to vote or to stand for office. The 1672 and 1678

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1913 - Suffrage expanded to 10% of the population, including all male secondary school graduates. Secret voting is introduced, but only in cities with county rights. Never implemented

7488: 305:. However, throughout history the term 'universal suffrage' has meant different things with the different assumptions about the groups that were or were not deemed desirable voters. 5486:

Wood, J. R. T. (June 2005). So far and no further! Rhodesia's bid for independence during the retreat from empire 1959–1965. Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford Publishing. p. 92.

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colonies after World War II until decolonization had tough education and property qualifications which practically gave meaningful representation only for rich European minorities.

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while they remain outside Australia (voting in Australia is compulsory for resident citizens). Danish citizens that reside permanently outside Denmark lose their right to vote.

3748:, five amendments to the Constitution have limited the ways in which the right to vote may be restricted in American elections, though none have added a general right to vote. 338:

film featured a scene of women suffragists planning their contribution to the protest.) At that time Manchester had a population of around 140,000 and the population totals of

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1918 - Universal suffrage for men over 21 and women over 24. Due to the collapse of the First Republic, it was never implemented except for a local election in Rus'ka Krajina

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allows free men over the age of 25 to vote, even former slaves, but there are income restrictions. The Chamber of Deputies' representatives are chosen via electoral colleges.

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In most countries, suffrage is limited to citizens and, in many cases, permanent residents of that country. However, some members of supra-national organisations such as the

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took away Catholics' voting rights in Ireland, which were restored only in 1788. Jews could not even be naturalized. An attempt was made to change this situation, but the

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The Legislative Council (Amendment) Bill 2012, if passed, amends the Legislative Council Ordinance to restrict the right to stand in Legislative Council by-elections in

499:, although the meaning of the former is the removal of graded votes, wherein a voter could possess a number of votes in accordance with income, wealth or social status. 8864: 5398: 8879: 8869: 4969: 3682: 3645:

followed. In 1918, all men over 21 and some women over 30 won the right to vote, and in 1928 all women over 21 won the right to vote resulting in universal suffrage.

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The European Union has given the right to vote in municipal elections to the citizen of another EU country by the Council Directive 94/80/EG from 19 December 1994.

2114:. For example, Australian citizens who have been outside Australia for more than one and fewer than six years may excuse themselves from the requirement to vote in 11306: 9314: 7863: 7855: 3979: 3780: 3764: 2564: 5813: 3056:

1918 – In its first days of independence in 1918, after 123 years of partition, voting rights were granted to both men and women. Eight women were elected to the

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words the right to vote and to run for office. New Zealand granted all adult citizens the right to vote (in 1893), but women did not get the right to run for the

8277: 7792: 2111: 10362: 9309: 9294: 8859: 8200: 8148: 7851: 3942: 3758: 3633:. The franchise was restricted to males by custom rather than statute. Changes were made to the details of the system, but there was no major reform until the 3153:

voters in the Cape Province from the common voters' roll and instead allows them to elect three "Native Representative Members" to the House of Assembly. Four

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1903 – A residency qualification is introduced in addition to the property qualification for voters. The time between elections is reduced from 7 to 5 years.

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progressed in some democracies by eliminating some or all of the voting restrictions due to gender, race, religion, social status, education level, wealth,

8166: 5520: 4212: 2278: 2103:, however residents can vote in presidential elections based on the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1961. Residents of 1618: 4605: 3736:

did not originally define who was eligible to vote, allowing each state to decide this status. In the early history of the U.S., most states allowed only

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Until this Act specified 'male persons', a few women had been able to vote in parliamentary elections through property ownership, although this was rare.

3717:– extension of suffrage to those 18 and older, the first major democratic country to do so, and abolition of plural voting in local government elections. 3168:

voters in the Cape Province from the common voters' roll and instead allow them to elect four "Coloured Representative Members" to the House of Assembly.

2547: 4147: 9490: 8562: 8183: 7841: 2842: 433: 11701: 11084: 9457: 9319: 8874: 7221: 4126: 1570: 6712: 6648: 3761:(1920): "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." 2546:

2002 – Prisoners given the right to vote in the riding (voting district) where they were convicted. All adult Canadians except the Chief and Deputy

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1995 – Residency requirement abolished for EU residents, in conformity with European legislation (Law 365/95, confirmed by Electoral Law 714/1998).

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Sometimes the right to vote has been limited to people who had achieved a certain level of education or passed a certain test. In some US states, "

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Questions Lodged Pursuant to Standing Order No.16 for Reply at the Monthly Meeting of Dublin City Council to be Held on Monday, 4th September 2017

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candidates for parliamentary elections in 1976. The concepts of ordinary and grande naturalization were suppressed from the Constitution in 1991.

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1919 – Male taxpayers above 25 that paid at least 3 JPY of tax got voting rights, the voting population were 3,070,000 (5.5% of Japan population)

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1900 – Male taxpayers above 25 that paid at least 10 JPY of tax got voting rights, the voting population were 980,000 (2.2% of Japan population),

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1889 – Male taxpayers above 25 that paid at least 15 JPY of tax got voting rights, the voting population were 450,000 (1.1% of Japan population),

1887: 165: 42: 5352: 10442: 9364: 8060: 7821: 2053: 2049: 1995: 1892: 7103: 5649:, dans Jean-François Sirinelli (dir.), Dictionnaire historique de la vie politique française au XXe siècle, Paris, PUF, 1995, pp. 719–721 5053: 4701: 4015: 3396:. The members of the First Chamber were elected indirectly by the county councils and the municipal assemblies in the larger towns and cities. 1005:

as they were not commoners. Although there is nothing to prevent the monarch from voting, it is considered improper for the monarch to do so.

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Delcour, M.C., Traité théorique et pratique du droit électoral appliqué aux élections communales, Louvain, Ickx & Geets, 1842, p. 16

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typically allows to vote in multiple countries. Historically the right to vote was more restricted, for example by gender, race, or wealth.

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In some countries, naturalized citizens do not have the right to vote or to be a candidate, either permanently or for a determined period.

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The emergence of many modern democracies began with male citizens obtaining the right to vote in advance of female citizens, except in the

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Johal, Sukhdev; Moran, Michael; Williams, Karel (2012). "The future has been postponed: The Great Financial Crisis and British politics".

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calls a referendum in 1851 (21 December), all men aged 21 and over are allowed to vote. Male universal suffrage is established thereafter.

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license plates in Washington, D.C. read "TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION," in reference to the district not holding a seat in either the

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However, the document did not specify an Amendment procedure, and the provision was subsequently replaced in 1844 by the adoption of the

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Umpierrez de Reguero, Sebastián; Finn, Victoria (2 July 2024). "Migrants' intention to vote in two countries, one country, or neither".

4067: 3652:– extended voting rights to adult males who rented propertied land of a certain value, so allowing 1 in 7 males in the UK voting rights. 2733:

1887 – Citizens of Hawai'i with Asian descent were disqualified. There was an increase in the minimum value of income or owned property.

2187:, and in Guinea, a former French colony, naturalized citizens are prohibited from voting for five years following their naturalization. 10347: 9339: 9124: 9109: 8939: 8924: 8357: 8213: 8205: 2072:

allowed only prisoners serving a term of less than 2 years the right to vote, but this was found to be unconstitutional in 2002 by the

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Seghezza, Elena, and Pierluigi Morelli. "Suffrage extension, social identity, and redistribution: the case of the Second Reform Act."

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is elected to the West Australian Legislative Assembly as member for West Perth, the first woman elected to any Australian Parliament.

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1864 – Voting was restricted on the basis of new qualifications—literacy and either a certain level of income or property ownership.

2684:– male citizens (citizens of state in German Confederation), adult and "independent" got voting rights, male voting population - 85% 2209:, only citizens by birth are eligible for being elected to the national legislature; naturalized citizens enjoy only voting rights. 2052:, also deny the right to vote to those convicted of serious crimes even after they are released from prison. In some cases (e.g. in 535:

exists, those who are eligible to vote are required by law to do so. Thirty-two countries currently practise this form of suffrage.

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What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights

9359: 9284: 9194: 9149: 9094: 9014: 8974: 8954: 8117: 7806: 7270:

Crook, Malcolm. "Universal Suffrage as Counter‐Revolution? Electoral Mobilisation under the Second Republic in France, 1848–1851."

6605:

Wahlrechtsausschlüsse für Betreute in allen Angelegenheiten und wegen Schuldunfähigkeit untergebrachte Straftäter verfassungswidrig

2398:

1964 – Military dictatorship established. From then on, presidents were elected by members of the congress, chosen by regular vote.

899:

stated that "No person shall be eligible to sit in the house of representatives unless he be of the Protestant religion", the 1777

583: 6358: 5823: 3791:

to allow European-Americans to vote while excluding African-Americans from voting was ruled unconstitutional in the 1915 decision

3142:

removes the property and literacy qualifications for all white men over the age of 21, but they are retained for non-white voters.

903:(art. VI) that "The representatives shall be chosen out of the residents in each county (...) and they shall be of the Protestent 9742: 9411: 9381: 9349: 9334: 9224: 9184: 9169: 9164: 9129: 9079: 9034: 8969: 8949: 8944: 8929: 8914: 8904: 8899: 8889: 6618: 5661: 3250: 3221: 2526: 2317: 563:

and some of its ex-colonies, businesses formerly had, and in some places still have, a vote in the urban area in which they paid

6283: 6262: 4897: 731:. Property and descent were passed through the female line. Women elders voted on hereditary male chiefs and could depose them. 11802: 10526: 10292: 10120: 10105: 10100: 9946: 9543: 9483: 9329: 9324: 9279: 9229: 9214: 9199: 9159: 9144: 9119: 9084: 9019: 8979: 8959: 8894: 8834: 8595: 8034: 6604: 5298: 5267: 5213: 3946: 3805:, which also disenfranchised poor white citizens. Racial equality in voting was substantially secured after the passage of the 3663: 3275: 2096: 781: 622: 611: 8105: 6873: 6193: 6090: 4285: 804:

to be denied civil and political rights, often including the right to vote, to stand for election or to sit in parliament. In

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1901 – Women, over 25, paying tax or having common household with a man paying tax, got the right to vote in local elections.

2020: 1192: 785: 754: 6376: 5127: 4980: 2615:

1991 – Voting and eligibility rights were extended to all foreign residents in 1991 with a two-year residency condition for

10865: 10175: 9997: 9711: 9219: 9209: 9074: 9069: 8999: 8156: 7836: 7714: 4728: 3863: 3692: 3296: 3189: 3132: 2834: 2466: 2301: 1852: 1751: 6803:. Pitt series in policy and institutional studies, 99-0818751-1. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 594:

with few residents, the opportunity to apply the accumulated wealth of the corporation to the development of an effective

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1922 - Education requirements re-introduced, voting age raised to 30 for women, open voting re-introduced in rural areas

2793:

changed some of the criteria, for instance moving from a wealth based threshold of eligibility to a tax based threshold.

11079: 10553: 8934: 8736: 8178: 7831: 7801: 7747: 7724: 7543: 6059: 5329: 4241: 3727: 3266: 3242: 3182: 3139: 2983: 1988: 655: 625:

was the business vote, abolished in 1968 (a year before it was abolished in Great Britain outside the City of London).

397:

is the right of women to vote. This was the goal of the suffragists, who believed in using legal means, as well as the

339: 6851: 5109: 3315:

the Constitutional Court rules that prisoners cannot be denied the right to vote, and invalidates the laws that do so.

3238:

citizen over the age of 18 can vote for its members, in first-past-the-post elections in single-member constituencies.

2034:

has been proposed as a form of proxy voting by parents on behalf of their children who are below the age of suffrage.

895:: "No religious test shall be required as a qualification to any office, or public trust, under this State". The 1778 10727: 10558: 10049: 10027: 9476: 9447: 8741: 8290: 7422: 7169: 7079: 7060: 6931: 6812: 5962: 4793: 4759: 3733: 3554: 3375: 3270: 3254: 3196: 3173: 2947: 1706: 1691: 900: 579: 358: 125: 2927:

1945 – Japan citizens above 20 got voting rights, the voting population were 36,880,000 (48.7% of Japan population),

2563:

which prevent citizens who have been living abroad for more than five years from voting by mail are in violation of

2395:

1955 – Adoption of standardized voting ballots and further identification requirements to mitigate electoral frauds.

11464: 11301: 11201: 10658: 10548: 8218: 8019: 7978: 7737: 7667: 7385:

Willis, Justin, Gabrielle Lynch, and Nic Cheeseman. "Voting, Nationhood, and Citizenship in late-colonial Africa."

4203: 3642: 3606: 3093: 2961:

1860 – Franchise extended to holders of miner's licenses who met all voting qualifications except that of property.

2940: 1847: 1837: 1741: 1666: 461: 321: 121: 7816: 5449: 4469: 3324:

the Constitutional Court rules that South African citizens outside the country cannot be denied the right to vote.

2900:

The Supreme Court states that "the rules derogating from the passive electoral law must be strictly interpreted".

2659:

In 1850 (31 May): The number of people eligible to vote is reduced by 30% by excluding criminals and the homeless.

2488:

1960 – Right to vote in advance is extended to all electors willing to swear they would be absent on election day.

1065:

Official – laws and regulations passed specifically disenfranchising people of particular races (for example, the

1028:

In the 20th century, many countries other than the US placed voting restrictions on illiterate people, including:

406:

and Assembly; and also for all other public officers, that shall be elected by the people of the county at large.

11054: 10565: 10322: 10125: 8766: 8695: 8685: 8254: 8161: 7890: 7767: 7684: 7657: 3500: 3357: 2782:

introduced voting rights to men over 20 who met certain criteria as part of the legislative package known as the

2340: 2296: 2274: 1600: 1448: 773: 761: 17: 5844: 5025: 3217:

repeals the Separate Representation of Voters Act, removing all representation of coloured people in Parliament.

2043: 10185: 9875: 9772: 9528: 9154: 9104: 8315: 7689: 7647: 7631: 7513: 5170: 4609: 3610: 3364: 2379: 2191: 2083: 1458: 1413: 1171: 975: 942: 852: 848: 828: 104:, which is the right to stand for election. The combination of active and passive suffrage is sometimes called 46: 10327: 7324: 3685:

movement to ensure votes for women. However, the duration of the First World War stopped this reform movement.

2389:

implements direct voting, but there are literacy restrictions. Women and slaves do not have the right to vote.

11733: 11449: 10165: 8790: 8398: 7742: 7719: 7709: 7674: 6742: 6037: 5428: 5375: 4950:"S.I. No. 166/2007 – Local Government (Business Improvement Districts Ratepayer Plebiscite) Regulations 2007" 4151: 3672:– extended the franchise to men in urban areas who met a property qualification, so increasing male suffrage. 3441: 3283: 3178: 2995:

1975 – Franchise extended to permanent residents of New Zealand, regardless of whether they have citizenship.

2500: 2446: 2323:

1855 – South Australia is the first colony to allow all male suffrage to British subjects (later extended to

2061: 1981: 1731: 892: 875: 863:

could only begin his political career in 1837 because he had been converted to Anglicanism at the age of 12.

832: 641: 428:

became the first self-governing nation to extend the right to vote to all adult women. In 1894, the women of

11012: 10960: 9936: 9906: 9812: 9244: 8854: 8700: 8367: 8310: 7772: 7704: 7699: 7679: 3231: 3181:

because it was not passed with the necessary two-thirds majority in a joint sitting. Parliament passes the

3031:

1909 – Women, over 25, paying tax or having common household with a man paying tax, got full voting rights.

2779: 2515: 2425:

strips the franchise from First Nations, and ensures Chinese and Japanese people are prevented from voting.

1671: 1525: 1485: 417: 63: 7477: 6947: 6895: 6015: 4517: 317:(1755–1769) was the first country to grant limited universal suffrage to all citizens over the age of 25. 11644: 11496: 10915: 10516: 10462: 9638: 9548: 9442: 8690: 8541: 8451: 8422: 8337: 8260: 8132: 7601: 7021: 6720: 6656: 5987: 5819: 3916: 3903: 2761: 2131: 2115: 1661: 1221: 1120:

has maintained a party-system separate from that of the Jewish majority. In the run-up for the country's

896: 560: 161: 149: 136: 6524: 5005: 2924:

1925 – Male above 25 got voting rights, the voting population were 12,410,000 (20% of Japan population),

2270: 11753: 10538: 10220: 9951: 9515: 8588: 8268: 7581: 6241: 4816: 3626: 3105: 3097: 3073: 2240: 1842: 1746: 1453: 1177: 651:

In cities in most Australian states, voting is optional for businesses but compulsory for individuals.

465: 250: 5521:"'The last milestone' on the journey to full adult suffrage? 50 years of debates about the voting age" 3192:, reversing the annulment of the Separate Representation of Voters Act and giving it the force of law. 2837:, universal suffrage for all adult citizens aged 21 or older was established under Article 326 of the 11106: 10920: 10822: 10707: 10369: 10337: 10007: 9941: 9860: 9802: 8085: 8075: 8055: 7868: 7236: 6225: 5058: 3806: 3527: 3520: 3210:

repeals the Representation of Natives Act, removing all representation of black people in Parliament.

2806: 2616: 2609: 2392:

1932 – Voting becomes obligatory for all adults over 21 years of age, regardless of gender or income.

1832: 1726: 1631: 1325: 1087: 554: 350: 7357:

Senigaglia, Cristiana. "The debate on democratization and parliament in Germany from 1871 to 1918."

7185: 6301: 3128:

in the South Africa Act requiring a two-thirds vote in a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament.

2441:

gives voting rights to women with relatives fighting overseas. Voting rights are stripped from all "

719:

peoples of Canada during the seventeenth century, wrote in 1654 regarding the suffrage practices of

11366: 11254: 11101: 10870: 10807: 10635: 10590: 10452: 10332: 10314: 10250: 10180: 10064: 9817: 9782: 9727: 9613: 8014: 7968: 6474: 6332: 5572:"Australian Electoral Commission, "Voting Overseas – Frequently Asked Questions", 20 November 2007" 4333: 4019: 3338:

granted equal suffrage for women and men, with voting possible at 21 with no property restrictions.

3335: 3117: 2415: 2122:

voting to those resident five to seventeen months earlier depending on the timing of the election.

1769: 1423: 1298: 1197: 1091: 1083: 1066: 1002: 844: 805: 777: 325: 120:

to offer citizens the opportunity to write, propose, and vote on referendums; other states and the

85: 5871: 2799:

1918 - Suffrage expanded to 15% of the population, lowering the economic census. Never implemented

2405:

2000 – Brazil becomes the first country to fully adopt electronic ballots in their voting process.

11820: 11649: 11629: 11491: 11481: 11439: 11069: 10910: 10772: 10742: 10737: 10680: 10615: 10600: 10533: 10506: 10491: 9899: 9523: 9432: 8829: 8536: 8528: 8472: 8377: 8050: 7999: 7973: 5593: 4060: 3950: 3820: 3001:

2010 – Prisoners imprisoned for one year or more denied voting rights while serving the sentence.

2629: 2554: 2507: 2492: 2482: 2157: 2137: 2073: 1827: 1696: 1580: 1133: 1117: 990: 946: 801: 716: 10717: 7052: 4843: 4570: 3994: 3185:, purporting to allow it to reverse this decision, but the Appellate Division annuls it as well. 2930:

2015 – Japan citizens above 18 got voting rights, voting population - 83.3% of Japan population.

1124:, the electoral threshold was raised from 2% to 3.25%, thus forcing the dominant Arab parties – 957: 11856: 11748: 11721: 11711: 11191: 11171: 11034: 10905: 10802: 10752: 10722: 10702: 10630: 10610: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10486: 10457: 10430: 10401: 10396: 9992: 9982: 9553: 9538: 9376: 8839: 8778: 8761: 8669: 8456: 8428: 8284: 7536: 7263:

Barnes, Joel. "The British women's suffrage movement and the ancient constitution, 1867–1909."

5966: 4949: 4198: 3793: 3634: 3618: 3537: 3154: 3012: 2766: 2324: 2232:

In France, an 1872 law, rescinded by a 1945 decree, prohibited all army personnel from voting.

1716: 1475: 1345: 1187: 970: 797: 637: 437: 7507: 7069: 6921: 6423: 4870: 4783: 4319: 3299:

rules that prisoners cannot be denied the right to vote without a law that explicitly does so.

456:

A British postcard against women's suffrage postcard from c. 1908. It shows unflattering

11716: 11676: 11609: 11506: 11454: 11381: 11136: 10900: 10812: 10787: 10782: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10697: 10645: 10605: 10511: 10481: 10379: 10002: 9865: 9673: 9663: 9628: 9437: 8625: 8581: 8029: 7652: 6804: 4747: 3810: 3701:– equal suffrage for women and men, with voting possible at 21 with no property restrictions. 3614: 3246: 3089: 3085: 2838: 2605: 2485:

peoples. (Previously they could vote only by giving up their status as First Nations people.)

2437: 2354: 2313: 2251: 1956: 1398: 735: 354: 7155: 6781: 5626:

La participation politique des allochtones en Belgique – Historique et situation bruxelloise

3164:

is passed by Parliament by an ordinary majority in separate sittings. It purports to remove

2287: 357:

granted universal suffrage without mention of sex. In 1893, when the Kingdom of Hawai'i was

11587: 11121: 10995: 10712: 10670: 10620: 10595: 10411: 10374: 10115: 9977: 9792: 9752: 9633: 8771: 8620: 8464: 8433: 8372: 8226: 7596: 7406:'Not more democratic, but more moral': Tocqueville on the suffrage in America and France." 7068:

Murrin, John M.; Johnson, Paul E.; McPherson, James M.; Fahs, Alice; Gerstle, Gary (2012).

6132:

Indian Act of Canada S.C. 1938 chap 46 sec 14(2)(i)/Dominion Elections Act S.C.1948 chap 46

4927: 3974: 3768: 3475: 3235: 2951: 2681: 2559: 2100: 1789: 1784: 1495: 1433: 1383: 1293: 824: 513: 366: 298: 173: 140: 7309:(Dec 2018) 68#12 pp. 72–83. Short popular overview woman suffrage of major countries. 3269:

abolishes the Tricameral Parliament and all racial discrimination in voting rights. A new

2585:

1906 – Full suffrage for all citizens adults aged 24 or older at beginning of voting year.

164:

in some countries, which may be restricted to citizens of closely linked countries (e.g.,

8: 11763: 11624: 11259: 11161: 11141: 10930: 10838: 10797: 10777: 10747: 10640: 10435: 10245: 9842: 9563: 9558: 9533: 8716: 8332: 8009: 7576: 6989:"Lowering the voting age: three lessons from the 1969 Representation of the People's Act" 6818: 6167: 5547:"Lowering the voting age: three lessons from the 1969 Representation of the People's Act" 3883: 3630: 3622: 3453: 3434: 3353: 3109: 2451: 2432:

becomes the first province in which women have the right to vote in provincial elections.

2258: 2236: 2216:, naturalized citizens have the right of eligibility to the parliament after five years. 2057: 1922: 1907: 1721: 1701: 1585: 1540: 1443: 1239: 1203: 678: 645: 629: 607: 532: 526: 394: 389: 320:

In 1819, 60–80,000 women and men from 30 miles around Manchester assembled in the city's

197:, which initially meant "a voting-tablet", "a ballot", "a vote", or "the right to vote". 7467: 7364:

Smith, Paul. "Political parties, parliament and women's suffrage in France, 1919–1939."

6683: 2465:

1940 – Quebec becomes the last province where women's right to vote is recognized. (see

11536: 11531: 11521: 11469: 11459: 11434: 11376: 11334: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11146: 10447: 9880: 9757: 9683: 9578: 8824: 8504: 8441: 8342: 8122: 7566: 7336:

Rose, Carol. "The Issue of Parliamentary Suffrage at the Frankfurt National Assembly."

7045: 5876: 5849: 5195: 5030: 5010: 4954: 4875: 4821: 4675: 4656: 4353: 4224: 3858: 3788: 3745: 3602: 3445: 3426: 3411: 3177:

the Separate Representation of Voters Act is annulled by the Appellate Division of the

3101: 1779: 1681: 1595: 1550: 1510: 1330: 1303: 1215: 1108: 809: 700: 667: 293: 276: 117: 31: 6626: 6499: 6111: 5658: 5269:

An Act for establishing the constitution of the State of South Carolina, 19 March 1778

5082:"Australia businesses get to vote: Sydney conservatives want it to be required by law" 4419: 4041: 2048:

Some countries restrict the voting rights of convicted criminals. Some countries, and

11851: 11795: 11706: 11634: 11619: 11418: 11361: 11166: 11074: 10965: 10885: 10732: 10032: 9787: 9747: 9700: 9648: 9573: 8630: 8480: 8403: 8347: 8232: 8004: 7621: 7529: 7442: 7418: 7165: 7075: 7056: 6927: 6808: 6797: 5487: 4901: 4789: 4755: 4660: 4648: 4349: 4315: 4263: 4104: 3949:. It counted all residents for apportionment including former slaves, overriding the 3560: 3125: 2909: 2891:

2006 – Voting age lowered to 16. The age of eligibility for candidates remains at 18.

2656:

re-establishes male universal suffrage increased from 246,000 to over 9 million.

2360:

1965 – Queensland is the last state to grant voting rights to Aboriginal Australians.

1711: 1520: 1350: 860: 746: 742: 599: 329: 314: 286: 59: 37:"Right to vote", "Suffragist", and "The Franchise" redirect here. For the group, see 5308: 5277: 5223: 4491: 4394:

Elections in Asia and the Pacific: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific

3902:

Strictly speaking, all ratepayers; however, domestic rates were abolished after the

3545: 2809:

establishes suffrage over 18, but excludes all bourgeois, unemployed and the clergy.

2727:

1852 – Women lost the right to vote, and the minimum voting age was specified as 20.

11758: 11743: 11671: 11592: 11562: 11393: 11229: 10935: 10501: 10496: 10342: 10240: 9777: 9693: 9658: 8844: 8513: 8393: 8352: 8326: 8300: 8245: 8194: 8100: 8095: 8024: 7626: 7571: 5377:

Chronology – From the History Museum of the Romanian Jews; Hasefer Publishing House

5086: 4640: 4345: 4216: 4096: 3853: 3460: 3400: 3188:

1956 – By packing the Senate and the Appellate Division, the government passes the

2818:

1938 - Education and residence requirements raised, voting age for men raised to 26

2706: 2422: 2013: 1867: 1656: 1530: 1490: 1388: 1288: 1129: 941:

in 1866 provided in article 7 that only Christians could become Romanian citizens.

591: 452: 324:

to protest their lack of any representation in the Houses of Parliament. Historian

101: 7378:

Towns, Ann. "Global Patterns and Debates in the Granting of Women's Suffrage." in

7132: 5791: 5769: 5747: 5725: 5703: 5681: 4590: 4100: 2986:

with men, making New Zealand the first nation in the world to allow women to vote.

2533:

1988 – Supreme Court of Canada rules mentally ill patients have the right to vote.

365:

was the only independent country to practice universal (active) suffrage, and the

11773: 11681: 11577: 11526: 11386: 11371: 11351: 11316: 11029: 10940: 10875: 10675: 10625: 10406: 10265: 9855: 9807: 9767: 9668: 9618: 8320: 7994: 7782: 6619:"Nel passaggio Usl-Asl solo tre dirigenti restano ineleggibili negli enti locali" 6383: 5665: 5571: 5304: 5273: 5219: 5135: 4871:"S.I. No. 31/1956 – Local Government (Changing of Place Names) Regulations, 1956" 3878: 3669: 3649: 3419: 3379: 3019: 2647: 2194:, one must be a Micronesian citizen for at least 15 years to run for parliament. 2142: 1774: 1408: 1403: 1355: 1273: 962: 708: 490: 429: 334: 6767: 6576: 4312:"Democratic Inclusion, Cognitive Development, and the Age of Electoral Majority" 2955: 11768: 11726: 11696: 11686: 11604: 11597: 11582: 11572: 11408: 11344: 11286: 11281: 11266: 11049: 11044: 11039: 10925: 10860: 10384: 10357: 10210: 9922: 9797: 9722: 9678: 8819: 8446: 8127: 8110: 8090: 8080: 7591: 7586: 7319:

Pedroza, Luicy. "The democratic potential of enfranchising resident migrants."

6450:"Verfassungen und Gesetze des Rheinbundes und des Deutschen Bundes (1806-1866)" 6449: 5244: 4242:"LacusCurtius • Voting in Ancient Rome – Suffragium (Smith's Dictionary, 1875)" 3873: 3737: 3113: 2969: 2540: 1968: 1902: 1897: 1872: 1736: 1590: 1565: 1500: 1428: 1393: 1360: 1340: 998: 986: 874:

or Catholics were denied voting rights and/or forbidden to run for office. The

750: 728: 683: 603: 587: 568: 441: 96:). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to vote is called 7331:

The British Women's Suffrage Campaign: National and International Perspectives

6550: 6500:"Wahlgesetz für den konstituierenden Reichstag des Norddeutschen Bundes (1866" 5659:

Nadia Bernoussi, L'évolution du processus électoral au Maroc, 22 December 2005

4150:. European Parliament Information Office in the United Kingdom. Archived from 3034:

1913 – Universal suffrage for all over 25, applying from the election in 1915.

2965: 481:

turning into suffragettes after a failure in life, such as not being married.

11845: 11780: 11403: 11339: 11324: 11186: 11151: 11131: 11002: 10945: 10880: 10287: 10190: 9827: 9762: 9643: 7611: 4652: 4444: 4108: 3868: 3798: 3708: 3493: 3279: 3150: 3121: 2866: 2589: 2031: 1857: 1799: 1623: 1258: 1227: 1095: 1070: 1018: 840: 546: 444:

was the first nation to allow all women to both vote and run for parliament.

346: 38: 6067: 5110:"A Delaware city is set to give corporations the right to vote in elections" 2445:" (those born in enemy countries who arrived in Canada after 1902; see also 233:, signifying an ankle bone or knuckle bone. In the 17th century the English 11614: 11501: 11329: 11296: 11276: 11206: 11196: 11176: 11156: 10792: 10690: 10685: 10416: 10391: 10255: 10195: 10160: 10130: 9737: 9732: 9623: 9500: 9468: 8659: 8615: 8604: 8496: 8488: 7208: 4311: 3843: 3349: 2710: 2662: 2442: 2184: 2027: 1912: 1804: 1641: 1505: 1480: 1438: 1418: 1315: 1283: 1156: 979: 582:

has retained and even expanded business vote, following the passing of the

572: 145: 7415:

The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States

7345:

One Hundred Years of Struggle: The History of Women and the Vote in Canada

5462: 4572:

The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States

464:

and the caption: "This is the house that man built" with a poem. From the

11516: 11476: 11444: 11311: 11271: 11111: 11024: 10975: 10950: 10850: 10543: 10277: 10260: 10215: 10135: 9603: 9391: 8664: 8654: 7616: 7502:—19 January 1919—first suffrage (active and passive) for women in Germany 7390: 7226:

List of suffragists and suffragettes § Women's suffrage publications

7157:

The Politics of Disenfranchisement: Why is it So Hard to Vote in America?

5624: 4016:"suffrage – definition of suffrage in English from the Oxford dictionary" 3920: 3638: 3576: 3393: 3015:

gave male landowners or officials above the age of 25 full voting rights.

2973: 2671:

Effective 9 July 1974 the minimum age to vote is reduced to 18 years old.

2386: 2364: 2347: 2206: 2104: 1862: 1651: 1555: 1535: 1470: 1365: 1335: 1310: 725: 564: 425: 398: 362: 4357: 3711:

in parliamentary elections for university graduates and business owners.

745:

by the United Nations' Human Rights Commission, whose elected chair was

11790: 11785: 11666: 11661: 11557: 11541: 11398: 11291: 11249: 11211: 11019: 11007: 10980: 10970: 10890: 10304: 10299: 10270: 10205: 10054: 9608: 7606: 4644: 3482: 3200: 2783: 2282: 2009: 1917: 1809: 1575: 1141: 927: 923: 919: 836: 633: 567:. This is an extension of the historical property-based franchise from 469: 457: 407: 369:

index lists New Zealand as the only free country in the world in 1893.

302: 132: 113: 89: 5334:, vol. 3183, Archives of Maryland, 26 February 1825, p. 1670 4228: 2812:

1919 - Universal suffrage restored, voting age is 24 for both genders.

11691: 11639: 11356: 10955: 10080: 9588: 9416: 8305: 7506: 7161: 6987:

Loughran, Thomas; Mycock, Andrew; Tonge, Jonathan (3 November 2021).

5594:"Lov om valg til Folketinget – Valgret og valgbarhed", 10 April 2014" 5545:

Loughran, Thomas; Mycock, Andrew; Tonge, Jonathan (3 November 2021).

3848: 3390: 3262: 2198: 1932: 1927: 1278: 1074: 688: 7340:

5.2 (1972): 127-149. regarding universal suffrage in German history.

6525:"Wahlgesetz für den Reichstag des Norddeutschen Bundes – Wikisource" 281: 11656: 11486: 11413: 11064: 10990: 10895: 10855: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10150: 10145: 10090: 9850: 8849: 7436: 6822: 5354:

A History of the Vote in Canada, Chapter 3 Modernization, 1920–1981

5159:(Marie-Florine Bruneau: State University of New York: 1998: p. 106) 4220: 3819:

that the U.S. Supreme Court declared state poll taxes violated the

3802: 3662:. The following year, the first Chartist petition was presented to 3655: 3594: 3541: 3165: 2998:

1996 – Number of Māori seats increased to reflect Māori population.

2653: 2472:

1947 – Racial exclusions against Chinese and Indo-Canadians lifted.

2429: 1877: 1794: 1677:

International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International

1545: 1263: 1137: 1104: 1022: 908: 820: 720: 595: 153: 116:

such as California, Washington, and Wisconsin have exercised their

7375:(Princeton University Press, 2018); why US and Britain came early. 7237:

https://www.amazon.com/Women-Vote-History-Jad-Adams/dp/0198706847/

7199: 5331:

An Act for the relief of Jews in Maryland, passed 26 February 1825

3506:

1989 – The final limitations on suffrage abolished along with the

1963: 945:

were declared stateless persons. In 1879, under pressure from the

377: 10155: 10059: 10039: 10012: 9987: 9891: 9653: 9598: 9583: 9568: 9406: 9401: 7300:

Indian Suffragettes: Female Identities and Transnational Networks

7293:

Women's Suffrage and Social Politics in the French Third Republic

7235:(Oxford University Press, 2014); wide-ranging scholarly survey. [ 6060:"Women win the vote : Digital Resources on Manitoba History" 5463:"Civil Rights Movement – Literacy Tests & Voter Applications" 3507: 3486: 3368: 2496: 2213: 2180: 1937: 1045: 1029: 994: 982:

may not be able to register because they lack regular addresses.

969:

Until the nineteenth century, many Western proto-democracies had

938: 871: 831:

provoked such reactions that it was repealed the following year.

229:"to break"; Eduard Wunder writes that the word may be related to 7256:

Banyikwa, A.K., and G.L. Brown. "Women's Suffrage in Africa" in

7120:

survived into the 20th century in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.

5006:"Local Government (Dublin) Act, 1930 §§31(1), 32(2)–(3), 34, 35" 3919:

produced lists of addresses of residences and ratepayers within

3597:

National Convention at the British Coffee House in February 1839

3135:

extends the right to vote to all white women over the age of 21.

2539:

2000 – Legislation is introduced making it easier for people of

11116: 10140: 10044: 10022: 10017: 9967: 9386: 8573: 7430:

The Embattled Vote in America: From the Founding to the Present

5054:"City of Sydney business vote plan may falter, backers concede" 4336:(April 2006). "'By the Law or the Sword': Peterloo Revisited". 4173:"Why Can Commonwealth Citizens Vote in the U.K.? An Expat Asks" 3833:

Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries

3564: 3510:'s decision to abolish the 'declaration of legal incompetency'. 3471: 3467: 2668:

As of 21 April 1944 the franchise is extended to women over 21.

2511: 2333:

1896 – Tasmania becomes last colony to allow all male suffrage.

2173: 2069: 1465: 1268: 1125: 1113: 1037: 1033: 915: 911:, voting rights and eligibility were extended to Jews in 1828. 769: 704: 131:

Suffrage continues to be especially restricted on the basis of

5900:"Private Members' Business. – Garda Síochána Franchise—Motion" 5249:, The Constitutional Principle: Separation of Church and State 4708:. UK Parliament. 3 March 2014. 3 March 2014 : Column 593W 2110:

Sometimes citizens become ineligible to vote because they are

11126: 9972: 8521: 7244:

Adventures in Democracy: A History of the Vote in New Zealand

7222:

Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom § Further reading

5815:

Plénitude de la République et extension du suffrage universel

5678:"art. 3, al. 3, Loi Organique portant code électoral guinéen" 4844:"Local Government (Financial Provisions) Act, 1978 – Debates" 3666:. Further Chartist petitions were presented in 1842 and 1848. 3601:

From 1265, a few percent of the adult male population in the

3234:(SAIC), which has limited legislative powers, is held. Every 2643:

11 August 1792: Introduction of universal suffrage (men only)

1041: 800:

it was common in European countries for people of disfavored

189: 157: 7286:

Women's Suffrage in Asia: Gender, Nationalism, and Democracy

7095:

Engerman, Stanley L.; Sokoloff, Kenneth L. (February 2005).

4702:"Written Answers to Questions – City of London Remembrancer" 4370: 3923:

for the 2014 plebiscite on changing the district's spelling.

3227:

1978 – The voting age for the CPRC is reduced from 21 to 18.

2243:) were barred from voting in national elections, though not 420:, which reverted to "all white male" suffrage restrictions. 11738: 11567: 9396: 7521: 7014:"Expansion of Rights and Liberties – The Right of Suffrage" 6140: 6138: 5629:, Academia-Bruylant (coll. Sybidi Papers), Louvain-la-Neuve 3459:

1922 – Requirement that men had to have completed national

3057: 2646:

1795: Universal suffrage for men is replaced with indirect

2478:

1955 – Religious exclusions are removed from election laws.

2475:

1948 – Racial exclusions against Japanese Canadians lifted.

2202: 1049: 823:

forbade non-Anglicans to hold public offices, and the 1727

813: 692: 93: 7074:(6th ed.). Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p. 296. 7071:

Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People

7067: 7043:

Janda, Kenneth; Berry, Jeffrey M.; Goldman, Jerry (2008).

6607:, exclusion from suffrage is unconstitutional, 2019-01-29. 2459:

1918 – Women gain full voting rights in federal elections.

2026:

The movement to lower the voting age is one aspect of the

507:

Also known as "censitary suffrage", it is the opposite of

160:

of some countries to vote in their home country. Resident

8558:

Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States

7097:"The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World" 3629:, a significant sum, were entitled to vote in an English 3404: 7279:

Suffrage and beyond: International feminist perspectives

6221:"Aboriginal people, political organization and activism" 6135: 4086: 3980:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

3945:(1868) altered the way each state is represented in the 3456:

enacted, although some groups were still unable to vote.

2841:. The minimum voting age was reduced to 18 years by the 2625:

1996 – Voting age lowered to 18 years at date of voting.

2565:

Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

2291:

Countries with universal suffrage granted to women, 2017

2082:, and all prisoners have been allowed to vote as of the 7047:

The challenge of democracy : government in America

6551:"Deutsches Reichsgesetzblatt 1918 Nr. 167 – Wikisource" 5436:. Washington DC, USA: The World Bank. pp. 109–122. 4407:

The Atlantic Community – The Titanic of the XXI Century

3995:"Definition of "suffrage" – Collins English Dictionary" 2745:

Minimum age to vote was reduced from 21 to 18 years in

2160:

made a difference between ordinary naturalization, and

776:(its first national elections). Most recently, in 2011 332:

one of the defining moments of its age. (The eponymous

6218: 4197: 3813:. State elections, it was not until the 1966 decision 2462:

1919 – Women gain the right to run for federal office.

891:

This was repealed by article I, section 2 of the

92:(although the term is sometimes used for any right to 7051:(9. ed., update ed.). Houghton Mifflin. p. 4468:. Electoral Commission of New Zealand. Archived from 3306:

purports to prohibit convicted prisoners from voting.

3215:

Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, 1968

2604:

1981 – Voting and eligibility rights were granted to

2060:, prisoners are allowed the right to vote, following 1647:

Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth

8278:

Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain

7249:

Banyikwa, A.K., "Gender and Elections in Africa" in

5647:"Patrick Weil, Nationalité française (débat sur la)" 4720: 4213:

The London School of Economics and Political Science

4201:(March 1954), "Suffragium: From Vote to Patronage", 3292:

August and Another v Electoral Commission and Others

2821:

1945 - Universal secret suffrage for voters above 20

2789:

1874 - The reintroduction of suffrage following the

2481:

1960 – Right to vote is extended unconditionally to

2421:

1871 – One of the first acts of the new Province of

2044:

Disfranchisement § Based on criminal conviction

1619:

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

6986: 6902:, House of Commons Library, 1 March 2013, p. 6 6799:

Tage Erlander: serving the welfare state, 1946–1969

6784:(in Norwegian). Laila Ø. Bakken, NRK. 12 June 2007. 5544: 5445: 5443: 5430:

Inequality in Latin America: Breaking with History?

4926:. South Dublin County Council. 2014. Archived from 4900:. South Dublin County Council. 2014. Archived from 4817:"Local Government (Financial Provisions) Act, 1978" 4788:. Institute of Public Administration. p. 332. 4123:"Who is eligible to vote at a UK general election?" 3658:– The People's Charter was drawn up in 1838 by the 3367:, setting out the procedures of functioning of the 961:Demonstration for universal right to vote, Prague, 847:starting in 1828, Catholics in 1829 (following the 447: 9861:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation 9370:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) 7191:. A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study. 2009. 7044: 6796: 6018:. Australian Electoral Commission. 28 January 2011 5246:State Constitution (Religious Sections) – Delaware 5052:Hasham, Nicole; McKenny, Leesha (16 August 2014). 4775: 4729:"City of London Corporation: a lesson in lobbying" 4630: 2112:no longer resident in their country of citizenship 1628:Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions 1144:or risk losing their parliamentary representation. 952: 687:Women's Suffrage Headquarters on Euclid Avenue in 225:"crash, din, shouts (as of approval)", related to 11702:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 9458:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 7382:(Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2019) pp. 3–19. 7380:The Palgrave Handbook of Women's Political Rights 7314:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History 7042: 6577:"Plenarprotokoll Deutscher Bundestag 60. Sitzung" 3627:owners of property worth at least forty shillings 2608:country citizens without residency condition for 2336:1899 – Western Australian women eligible to vote. 2279:Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States 11843: 7094: 6333:"Frank v. Canada (Attorney General), 2019 SCC 1" 5440: 5026:"Local Government (Dublin) Act, 1935, Section 2" 4739: 4727:Mathiason, Nick; Newman, Melanie (9 July 2012). 4694: 4089:Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 3249:. Two new Houses of Parliament are created, the 2865:1866 – The House of Keys Election Act makes the 2530:guarantees all adult citizens the right to vote. 2164:. Only (former) foreigners who had been granted 517:annual income would need to be 400,000 milréis. 11362:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 8563:Music and women's suffrage in the United States 8184:Women's suffrage organizations and publications 7186:"Civil Rights in America: Racial Voting Rights" 6841:Official Riksdag Website, Retrieved 19 May 2018 6040:. Australian Electoral Commission. 8 March 2013 4726: 2330:1894 – South Australian women eligible to vote. 1888:Legal status of tattooing in European countries 843:) were only allowed to run for election to the 715:Marie Guyart, a French nun who worked with the 586:. This has given business interests within the 27:Right to vote in public and political elections 10844:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 8071:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869) 7312:Oguakwa, P.K. "Women's suffrage in Africa" in 7251:The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Elections 5188: 4781: 3771:can vote for the President and Vice President. 3581:Elections in the United Kingdom § History 3321:Richter v Minister for Home Affairs and Others 2753:by the Legislative Council Ordinance of 1997. 2702:1970 - full suffrage for all citizens above 18 2699:1918 - full suffrage for all citizens above 20 1893:Legal status of tattooing in the United States 345:This was followed by other experiments in the 9907: 9484: 8589: 7537: 5200:American Suffrage. From property to democracy 5051: 3681:Between 1885 and 1918 moves were made by the 3018:1885 – Male taxpayers that paid at least 500 2592:on municipal level; equal vote for everybody. 2141:was because there was no distinction between 2021:extend suffrage to those 18 and older in 1969 1989: 741:Voting rights for women were introduced into 658:allow corporations to vote on local matters. 9498: 7258:Encyclopedias of Contemporary Women's Issues 6948:"The History of the Parliamentary Franchise" 6770:(in Norwegian). Espend Søbye. 19 March 2021. 6246:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5171:"Bhutan makes it official: it's a democracy" 4750:. In Aughey, Arthur; Morrow, Duncan (eds.). 4373:"Greater Manchester Met.C: Total Population" 3973: 3826: 3613:that occurred at irregular intervals to the 3208:Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959 3022:of tax (800 NOK in towns) got voting rights. 1210:History of youth rights in the United States 256: 43:National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies 11060:List of people killed for being transgender 9529:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention 7246:(Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 2003). 6926:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 107. 6148:. Faculty.marianopolis.edu. 27 January 1916 5426: 5101: 4396:. p. 14. Oxford University Press, 2001 3312:Minister of Home Affairs v NICRO and Others 3162:Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951 2264: 1883:French petition against age of consent laws 1234:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms 897:Constitution of the State of South Carolina 784:(and from then on) and be appointed to the 766:Convention on the Political Rights of Women 434:right to both vote and stand for Parliament 239: 212: 205: 198: 192: 9914: 9900: 9491: 9477: 8596: 8582: 8214:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial 7544: 7530: 7491:, Chief Electoral Officer of Canada, 2007. 7354:23.1 (2019): 30-49. on 1867 law in Britain 7302:(Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2018) 7178: 7147: 6900:The History of the Parliamentary Franchise 6016:"Women and the Right to Vote in Australia" 5514: 5512: 5194: 4782:Callanan, Mark; Keogan, Justin F. (2003). 4125:. The Electoral Commission. Archived from 3025:1900 – Universal suffrage for men over 25. 2950:, granting limited self-rule, including a 2469:for more information on Canadian suffrage) 2271:Universal suffrage § Dates by country 1996: 1982: 632:, commercial ratepayers can vote in local 598:for UK policies. This includes having the 495:Equal suffrage is sometimes confused with 237:regained the earlier meaning of the Latin 8547:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar 7277:Daley, Caroline, and Melanie Nolan, eds. 6322:Sauvé v. Canada (Chief Electoral Officer) 6187: 6185: 5958:Constitution of the State of Texas (1876) 5506:Time Magazine. Retrieved 24 October 2011. 5079: 4667: 4624: 4058: 3550:1934 – Right to vote in General elections 3536:1933 – First woman muhtar (Village head) 2079:Sauvé v. Canada (Chief Electoral Officer) 1687:National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign 10171:Social determinants of health in poverty 8118:1920 United States presidential election 7284:Edwards, Louise P. and Mina Roces, eds. 7198: 6950:. House of Commons Library. 1 March 2013 6844: 6284:"The Evolution of the Federal Franchise" 6263:"The Evolution of the Federal Franchise" 6219:Noel Dyck; Tonio Sadik (15 April 2016). 6146:"Canada – Women's Vote – Women Suffrage" 5399:"UK Parliamentary Website Election FAQs" 4309: 3588: 2521:1970 – Voting age lowered from 21 to 18. 2514:provincial elections, starting with the 2499:provincial elections, starting with the 2286: 2219:In the United States, the President and 1637:Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission 1183:Children's Online Privacy Protection Act 956: 866:In several states in the U.S. after the 682: 644:. From 1930 to 1935, 5 of 35 members of 614:located in the under-gallery facing the 584:City of London (Ward Elections) Act 2002 451: 376: 280: 53: 9743:Right to an adequate standard of living 9290:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 8358:Women's Rights National Historical Park 7359:Parliaments, Estates and Representation 7018:Online Exhibit: The Charters of Freedom 6616: 5622: 5518: 5509: 5157:Women Mystics Confront the Modern World 5107: 4924:"Plebiscite Palmerston Rated Occupiers" 4785:Local Government in Ireland: Inside Out 4568: 3767:(1961): provides that residents of the 3533:1930 – Right to vote in local elections 3253:to represent coloured citizens and the 3222:Coloured Persons Representative Council 2835:Indian general election held in 1951–52 2737:Hawai'i lost its independence in 1893. 2536:1993 – Any elector can vote in advance. 2527:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 2318:Voting rights of Australian Aboriginals 14: 11844: 9544:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 9382:List of human rights abuses by country 8870:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017) 8835:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 8035:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign 6919: 6707: 6705: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6182: 6010: 6008: 5927:"Electoral Bill, 1960 – Second Stages" 5924: 5450:Transcript of Voting Rights Act (1965) 4745: 4082: 4080: 3585:Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom 3378:, some women were entitled to vote in 3276:party-list proportional representation 2979:1879 – Property requirement abolished. 2601:1972 – Voting age lowered to 18 years. 2598:1969 – Voting age lowered to 20 years. 2595:1944 – Voting age lowered to 21 years. 2363:1973 - After South Australian Premier 780:of Saudi Arabia let women vote in the 623:Northern Ireland civil rights movement 610:, provided with a special seat in the 520: 172:) or to certain offices or questions. 9895: 9472: 9453:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 8577: 8076:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873) 7891:International Woman Suffrage Alliance 7525: 7305:Mukherjee, Sumita. "Sisters in Arms" 7153: 7088: 6623:Diritto&Giustizia Edizione Online 6408:"France lowers age of minors to 18". 6214: 6212: 6210: 5988:"Universal suffrage granted to women" 5422: 5420: 5168: 4546:. Websters Dictionary. Archived from 4445:"The New Jersey Constitution of 1776" 4332: 4234: 3816:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections 3715:Representation of the People Act 1969 3705:Representation of the People Act 1948 3699:Representation of the People Act 1928 3689:Representation of the People Act 1918 3481:1945 – Individuals who had gone into 2946:1853 – British government passes the 2717: 2628:2000 – Section 14, al. 2 of the 2000 1193:Convention on the Rights of the Child 755:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 661: 270: 11826: 10866:Capital punishment for homosexuality 10176:Social determinants of mental health 8429:"The March of the Women" (1910 song) 8157:List of suffragists and suffragettes 8020:Women's Coronation Procession (1911) 7329:Purvis, June, and June Hannam, eds. 6794: 6412:. Ontario. 10 July 1974. p. 36. 5504:The Constitution: The 24th Amendment 4754:. Taylor & Francis. p. 24. 4592:Constitution of the Empire of Brazil 4518:"12 Cruel Anti-Suffragette Cartoons" 3864:List of suffragists and suffragettes 3190:South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1956 2510:people granted the right to vote in 2495:people granted the right to vote in 2467:Canadian women during the world wars 1853:Ages of consent in the United States 1752:World Federation of Democratic Youth 901:Constitution of the State of Georgia 10986:Genital modification and mutilation 7352:European Review of Economic History 7233:Women and the vote: A world history 7020:. National Archives. Archived from 6702: 6671: 6005: 4303: 4077: 4073:from the original on 29 March 2019. 3449: 3430: 3415: 3147:Representation of Natives Act, 1936 2855:History of the franchise in Ireland 2557:rules that portions of the federal 857:Emancipation of the Jews in England 551:Functional constituency (Hong Kong) 372: 349:of 1871 and the island republic of 245:, "a vote" or "the right to vote". 24: 9921: 8880:during the Libyan civil war (2011) 8742:National human rights institutions 8737:List of human rights organisations 8399:National Voting Rights Museum (US) 8363:Women's Suffrage National Monument 8179:Historiography of the Suffragettes 8133:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) 7396: 6993:British Politics and Policy at LSE 6852:"Origins and growth of Parliament" 6260: 6207: 6191: 6088: 5818:(in French), Assemblée nationale ( 5551:British Politics and Policy at LSE 5417: 4673: 4371:A Vision of Britain through time. 4286:"'Franchise': Profit from Freedom" 4042:"Deprivation of the Right to Vote" 3728:Voting rights in the United States 3399:1909 – All men who had done their 3304:Electoral Laws Amendment Act, 2003 3183:High Court of Parliament Act, 1952 3140:Franchise Laws Amendment Act, 1931 2705:2019 - suffrage for citizens with 1001:were excluded from voting for the 816:rather than the national monarch. 502: 381:German election poster from 1919: 25: 11868: 9664:Right to refuse medical treatment 8291:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial 7453: 7435:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: 7102:. pp. 16, 35. Archived from 6923:Citizenship in Britain: A History 6194:"A History of the Vote in Canada" 6091:"A History of the Vote in Canada" 5963:University of Texas School of Law 5307:, 5 February 1777, archived from 5080:Weissmann, Jordan (August 2014). 4898:"Plebiscite Palmerston Addresses" 4266:. Merriam-Webster. 31 August 2012 3734:Constitution of the United States 3643:Representation of the People Acts 3570: 3230:1981 – The first election of the 3220:1969 – The first election of the 3197:Electoral Law Amendment Act, 1958 3174:Harris v Minister of the Interior 3133:Women's Enfranchisement Act, 1930 2948:New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 2571: 2148: 1707:Students for a Democratic Society 1692:National Youth Rights Association 937:The first Constitution of modern 580:Corporation of the City of London 484: 126:Referendums in the United Kingdom 58:People queuing and showing their 11825: 11816: 11815: 11465:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 11302:Law for Protection of the Nation 11202:White genocide conspiracy theory 8865:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp 8603: 8442:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song) 8240:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument 8086:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913) 8056:Declaration of Sentiments (1848) 7460: 7125: 7036: 7006: 6980: 6962: 6940: 6913: 6888: 6866: 6832: 6788: 6774: 6768:"Stemmerettens historie i Norge" 6760: 6743:"選挙の歴史を学ぼう｜選挙フレンズ｜京都市選挙管理委員会事務局" 6735: 6641: 6610: 6598: 6569: 6543: 6517: 6492: 6467: 6442: 6416: 6401: 6369: 6114:. Abheritage.ca. 8 December 2010 6038:"Electoral Milestones for Women" 5925:Blaney, Neil (6 December 1960). 5845:"Electoral Act, 1923, Section 5" 5704:"Federated States of Micronesia" 5519:Bingham, Adrian (25 June 2019). 4979:. pp. 11–13. Archived from 4970:"Q.50 – Councillor Mannix Flynn" 4496:History of U.S. Woman's Suffrage 4350:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2006.00366.x 4204:The British Journal of Sociology 3935: 3926: 3721: 3660:London Working Men's Association 3063:1952 – Voting age lowered to 18. 3046:1978 – Voting age lowered to 18. 3043:1967 – Voting age lowered to 20. 3040:1946 – Voting age lowered to 21. 3037:1920 – Voting age lowered to 23. 2992:1974 – Voting age lowered to 18. 2989:1969 – Voting age lowered to 20. 2941:History of voting in New Zealand 2888:1970 – Voting age lowered to 18. 1962: 1951: 1848:Ages of consent in South America 1838:Ages of consent in North America 1742:Young Communist League of Canada 1667:High School Democrats of America 621:The first issue taken up by the 538: 448:Anti-women's suffrage propaganda 308: 148:may restrict the right to vote. 11307:MSM blood donation restrictions 11055:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 8990:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet 8696:Natural rights and legal rights 8686:Claim rights and liberty rights 8255:Kate Sheppard National Memorial 8015:Battle of Downing Street (1910) 7658:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act 7489:A History of the Vote in Canada 7417:(New York: Basic Books, 2000). 7272:Journal of Historical Sociology 7215: 6351: 6325: 6316: 6294: 6276: 6254: 6160: 6126: 6104: 6082: 6052: 6030: 5980: 5949: 5918: 5892: 5864: 5837: 5806: 5784: 5762: 5740: 5718: 5696: 5670: 5652: 5640: 5616: 5607: 5586: 5564: 5538: 5497: 5480: 5455: 5391: 5380:, The Romanian Jewish Community 5368: 5345: 5322: 5291: 5260: 5237: 5206: 5162: 5150: 5120: 5108:Ivanova, Irina (21 June 2023). 5073: 5045: 4998: 4942: 4916: 4890: 4863: 4836: 4809: 4598: 4583: 4562: 4536: 4510: 4484: 4458: 4437: 4412: 4399: 4386: 4364: 4326: 4278: 4256: 4191: 4046:ACE Electoral Knowledge Network 3909: 3896: 3607:full and equal member from 1542 3203:for white voters from 21 to 18. 3078: 2968:established, giving Māori four 2824:1949 - Voting age lowered to 18 953:Wealth, tax class, social class 762:United Nations General Assembly 353:(1889). From 1840 to 1852, the 11320:(as religious or racial quota) 9876:Sexual and reproductive health 9773:Right to a healthy environment 8860:against Palestinians by Israel 8066:Ohio Women's Convention (1850) 8051:Seneca Falls Convention (1848) 7514:New International Encyclopedia 6382:. 11 June 1999. Archived from 5215:Constitution of Delaware, 1776 5134:. 21 July 2010. Archived from 5132:Original Catholic Encyclopedia 4850:. Oireachtas. 14 December 1977 4392:Nohlen, Dieter, e al. (2001). 4165: 4140: 4115: 4052: 4034: 4008: 3987: 3983:(5th ed.). HarperCollins. 3967: 3625:established in 1432 that only 3559:1950 – First woman city mayor 3437:granted for general elections. 2934: 2859: 2590:property-based number of votes 2192:Federated States of Micronesia 2125: 2084:2004 Canadian federal election 2037: 1414:Behavior modification facility 1172:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. 976:Prussian three-class franchise 855:), and Jews in 1858 (with the 853:Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791 849:Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 829:Jewish Naturalization Act 1753 638:name of the locality or street 47:The Franchise (disambiguation) 13: 1: 11734:Second-generation gender bias 11450:Constitutional colorblindness 10166:Social determinants of health 9793:Right to public participation 6377:"The Constitution of Finland" 5906:. Oireachtas. 2 November 1955 5880:. pp. sec.3 and Schedule 5623:Lambert, Pierre-Yves (1999), 5574:. Aec.gov.au. 10 January 2011 5169:Ridge, Mian (25 March 2008). 4746:Arthur, Paul (17 June 2014). 4101:10.1080/17457289.2023.2189727 3960: 3823:of the Fourteenth Amendment. 3553:1935 – First 18 Women MPs in 3463:to be able to vote abolished. 3418:suffrage were introduced for 2984:Women won equal voting rights 2778:1848 - The parliament of the 2501:1967 Alberta general election 2447:Ukrainian Canadian internment 2143:British and local citizenship 2068:, which was granted in 2006. 1732:Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor 876:Delaware Constitution of 1776 642:business improvement district 9813:Right to science and culture 8701:Negative and positive rights 8172:in majority-Muslim countries 8162:Timeline of women's suffrage 8101:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919) 8030:Open Christmas Letter (1914) 7979:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 7551: 6359:"Council Directive 94/80/EG" 6112:"The Famous Five – Timeline" 5680:. Ife.org.mx. Archived from 5202:, Princeton University Press 4310:Hamilton, Vivian E. (2012). 3389:abolished and replaced by a 3328: 3267:Interim Constitution of 1993 3232:South African Indian Council 3108:the franchise is limited to 3067: 2780:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 2740: 2516:1970 Quebec general election 2380:first Brazilian constitution 2307: 2275:Timeline of women's suffrage 2089: 1672:Indian Youth Climate Network 1486:Human rights and youth sport 1012: 918:, several religious groups ( 460:of suffragettes in front of 383:Equal rights – equal duties! 179: 64:2014 Indian general election 41:. For the organisation, see 7: 11645:Medical model of disability 11497:Hate speech laws by country 9639:Right to keep and bear arms 9549:Freedom from discrimination 9443:List of human rights awards 9315:in the United Arab Emirates 8691:Individual and group rights 8542:New Zealand ten-dollar note 8209:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue) 8123:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957) 8061:Rochester Convention (1848) 7846:Constitutional amendments: 7632:Women's liberation movement 7500:Women's suffrage in Germany 6617:Buonomo, Giampiero (2000). 6424:"Geschichte des Wahlrechts" 5961:, Tarlton Law Library, The 5820:National Assembly of France 5794:. Inter-Parliamentary Union 5772:. Inter-Parliamentary Union 5750:. Inter-Parliamentary Union 5728:. Inter-Parliamentary Union 5706:. Inter-Parliamentary Union 5427:de Ferranti, David (2004). 4569:Keyssar, Alexander (2009), 4409:. p. 96. WSB-NLU. 2010 4405:A. Kulinski, K. Pawlowski. 4061:"Women's Suffrage Movement" 3917:South Dublin County Council 3837: 3621:developed separately. King 2845:, effective 28 March 1989. 2762:geographical constituencies 2227: 2132:Right of foreigners to vote 1662:Global Youth Action Network 1571:Underage drinking in the US 868:Declaration of Independence 791: 648:were "commercial members". 578:In the United Kingdom, the 561:local government in England 254:comes from the French word 150:Non-resident citizen voting 86:public, political elections 10: 11873: 11754:Social model of disability 10221:Discrimination against men 9365:of the Marcos dictatorship 8081:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914) 7219: 7154:Scher, Richard K. (2015). 4748:"Northern Ireland 1968–72" 3830: 3797:. States continued to use 3725: 3574: 3530:(Equality in civil rights) 3518: 3492:1970 – Indirectly elected 3387:Parliament of Four Estates 3074:Voting rights in Singapore 3071: 2938: 2907: 2852: 2848: 2772: 2675: 2579: 2567:and thus unconstitutional. 2413: 2341:Commonwealth Franchise Act 2311: 2297:Commonwealth Franchise Act 2268: 2241:Dublin Metropolitan Police 2129: 2041: 2007: 1843:Ages of consent in Oceania 1747:Young Democrats of America 1178:Child Labor Deterrence Act 676: 665: 656:municipalities in Delaware 544: 524: 488: 387: 274: 36: 29: 11811: 11550: 11427: 11220: 11107:Opposition to immigration 10831: 10471: 10313: 10073: 10023:Race / Ethnicity 9960: 9929: 9836: 9803:Right to rest and leisure 9709: 9514: 9507: 9425: 9310:in the State of Palestine 9295:in the Dominican Republic 8875:during the Gaddafi regime 8812: 8757: 8750: 8729: 8709: 8678: 8650: 8639: 8611: 8549:(2020 U.S. commemorative) 8412: 8386: 8368:International Women's Day 8145: 8043: 7987: 7886: 7879: 7640: 7559: 6410:Kitchener-Waterloo Record 6226:The Canadian Encyclopedia 5175:Christian Science Monitor 5059:The Sydney Morning Herald 4752:Northern Ireland Politics 4676:"Banking's groundhog day" 4578:(2nd ed.), p. 5 3827:Majority-Muslim countries 3809:, a major victory in the 3807:Voting Rights Act of 1965 3521:Women in Turkish politics 3514: 3342: 3050: 3005: 2807:Hungarian Soviet Republic 2751:functional constituencies 2637: 2409: 2372: 2257:In many countries with a 1833:Ages of consent in Europe 1727:Youth International Party 1632:Canadian Youth for Choice 1326:Taking Children Seriously 1088:Voting Rights Act of 1965 672: 555:Indirectly elected member 11102:Occupational segregation 10871:Compulsory sterilization 9818:Right to social security 9783:Right to Internet access 9728:Equal pay for equal work 9614:Presumption of innocence 8452:Women's suffrage in film 8423:The Women's Marseillaise 8311:Suffragette Handkerchief 8189:Women's rights activists 7969:Hong Kong 1 July marches 7389:61.4 (2018): 1113–1135. 7338:Central European History 6782:"Stemmerettens historie" 6717:gakusyu.shizuoka-c.ed.jp 6653:www.pref.yamaguchi.lg.jp 6428:www.bundestagswahl-bw.de 5664:25 November 2012 at the 5303:, The Avalon Project at 5272:, The Avalon Project at 5218:, The Avalon Project at 4606:"CIA:The World Factbook" 4492:"Opposition to Suffrage" 4420:"Definition of SUFFRAGE" 4059:Gianoulis, Tina (2015). 3947:House of Representatives 3889: 3617:. The franchise for the 3503:stopped being enforced.. 3501:Instrument of Government 3358:Instrument of Government 3336:Donoughmore Constitution 3251:House of Representatives 3118:Cape Qualified Franchise 2903: 2895: 2828: 2416:The Famous Five (Canada) 2265:History around the world 2235:In Ireland, police (the 2097:House of Representatives 1424:Children in the military 1299:Intergenerational equity 1222:Newsboys' strike of 1899 1198:Fair Labor Standards Act 1084:Civil Rights Act of 1964 1067:Antebellum United States 997:who were members of the 845:British House of Commons 796:In the aftermath of the 265: 30:Not to be confused with 11630:Internalized oppression 11492:Fighting Discrimination 11482:Fat acceptance movement 11440:Anti-discrimination law 11080:Native American mascots 9694:right to be a candidate 9524:Equality before the law 9433:History of human rights 8840:Enforced disappearances 8830:Crimes against humanity 8553:2020 US ten-dollar bill 8537:Susan B. Anthony dollar 8474:Not for Ourselves Alone 8096:Suffrage Special (1916) 8025:Great Pilgrimage (1913) 7974:2014 Hong Kong protests 7572:Right to run for office 7321:International Migration 7267:91.253 (2018): 505-527. 6896:"Ancient voting rights" 6876:. The National Archives 6854:. The National Archives 5452:U.S. National Archives. 5300:Constitution of Georgia 4424:www.merriam-webster.com 4290:www.merriam-webster.com 4244:. Penelope.uchicago.edu 4177:The Wall Street Journal 3951:three-fifths compromise 3821:Equal Protection Clause 3611:parliamentary elections 3609:) were able to vote in 3261:1994 – With the end of 2630:Constitution of Finland 2555:Supreme Court of Canada 2550:can now vote in Canada. 2302:New Zealand legislature 2138:Commonwealth of Nations 2074:Supreme Court of Canada 1828:Ages of consent in Asia 1697:One World Youth Project 1581:Youth-adult partnership 1055: 991:House of Lords Act 1999 971:property qualifications 947:Berlin Peace Conference 802:religious denominations 466:People's History Museum 418:succeeding constitution 170:European Union citizens 11749:Social identity threat 11722:Reverse discrimination 11712:Racial color blindness 11192:Violence against women 11172:Sex-selective abortion 9554:Freedom of information 9539:Freedom of association 9377:Incitement to genocide 8670:Universal jurisdiction 8220:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 7869:1965 Voting Rights Act 7408:The Tocqueville Review 7212: 6920:Heater, Derek (2006). 6839:History of the Riksdag 6302:"CBC Digital Archives" 6168:"CBC Digital Archives" 4544:"Definition: suffrage" 4199:G. E. M. de Ste. Croix 3794:Guinn v. United States 3619:Parliament of Scotland 3605:(of which Wales was a 3598: 3407:were granted suffrage. 3376:municipal laws of 1862 3088:is established by the 3013:Norwegian constitution 2652:13 December 1799: The 2588:1921 – Suppression of 2325:Aboriginal Australians 2292: 2239:and, before 1925, the 2156:Article 5 of the 1831 1476:Emancipation of minors 1346:Youth detention center 1188:Kids Online Safety Act 1148: 1140:– either to run under 966: 943:Jews native to Romania 932:Dominion Elections Act 889: 696: 473: 438:Grand Duchy of Finland 414: 385: 290: 257: 240: 213: 206: 199: 193: 66: 45:. For other uses, see 11717:Religious intolerance 11677:Political correctness 11507:Intersex human rights 11455:Cultural assimilation 11137:Religious persecution 10901:Disability hate crime 10686:Jewish / Antisemitism 9866:Intersex human rights 9674:Right of self-defense 9629:Right to a fair trial 9438:List of global issues 8201:Belmont–Paul Monument 8128:Freedom Summer (1964) 8005:Women's Sunday (1908) 7410:42.2 (2021): 105-120. 7373:Forging the Franchise 7368:11.3 (1997): 338-358. 7361:40.3 (2020): 290-307. 7202: 6747:www2.city.kyoto.lg.jp 6479:www.documentarchiv.de 5872:"Electoral Act, 1960" 3811:Civil Rights Movement 3693:1918 general election 3615:Parliament of England 3592: 3485:or were dependent on 3247:Tricameral Parliament 3090:South Africa Act 1909 3086:Union of South Africa 2839:Constitution of India 2833:Since the very first 2633:laid down by an Act." 2606:Nordic Passport Union 2438:Wartime Elections Act 2355:Australian Aborigines 2314:Suffrage in Australia 2290: 2252:Constitution of Texas 2247:, from 1923 to 1960. 2166:grande naturalisation 2162:grande naturalisation 1399:Age of consent reform 960: 880: 851:, which extended the 786:Consultative Assembly 686: 455: 403: 380: 342:were around 490,000. 284: 166:Commonwealth citizens 162:non-citizens can vote 57: 11122:Political repression 10126:Anti-left handedness 10116:Anti-intellectualism 9753:Right to development 9634:Right to family life 9584:Freedom from torture 9569:Freedom from slavery 9320:in the United States 9095:in Jammu and Kashmir 8641:Fundamental concepts 8466:Shoulder to Shoulder 8435:The Mother of Us All 8378:Women's Equality Day 8373:Susan B. Anthony Day 8227:Suffragette Memorial 7832:District of Columbia 7602:Non-resident citizen 7428:Lichtman, Allan J. 7413:Keyssar, Alexander. 7371:Teele, Dawn Langan. 7323:53.3 (2015): 22-35. 7133:"U.S. Voting Rights" 6688:www.city.kawasaki.jp 5931:Dáil Éireann debates 5904:Dáil Éireann debates 5525:History & Policy 4680:www.redpepper.org.uk 3769:District of Columbia 3354:separation of powers 3297:Constitutional Court 3282:is enshrined in the 3243:Constitution of 1983 3236:Indian South African 2952:bicameral parliament 2709:, and persons under 2560:Canada Elections Act 2158:Belgian Constitution 2116:Australian elections 1496:Juvenile delinquency 1434:Compulsory education 1384:Adolescent sexuality 1294:Free-range parenting 1073:, pre-apartheid and 825:Disenfranchising Act 782:2015 local elections 367:Freedom in the World 359:overthrown in a coup 174:Multiple citizenship 11625:Historical eugenics 11162:Segregation academy 11142:Religious terrorism 10931:Enemy of the people 10839:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 10353:Jehovah's Witnesses 10246:Perpetual foreigner 9564:Freedom of religion 9559:Freedom of movement 9534:Freedom of assembly 9516:Civil and political 9305:in the Soviet Union 9205:in Papua New Guinea 8855:Human rights abuses 8813:Human rights abuses 8717:Corporal punishment 8333:Hunger Strike Medal 8010:Black Friday (1910) 7298:Mukherjee, Sumita. 7274:28.1 (2015): 49-66. 7265:Historical Research 7164:. p. viii–ix. 7109:on 11 November 2020 6795:Ruin, Olof (1990). 6723:on 26 February 2021 6629:on 11 December 2019 6584:Deutscher Bundestag 6504:www.verfassungen.de 6454:www.verfassungen.de 6389:on 19 February 2002 6261:Canada, Elections. 6192:Canada, Elections. 6089:Canada, Elections. 5826:on 19 December 2007 5311:on 13 December 2007 5280:on 13 December 2007 5226:on 30 November 2007 5196:Williamson, Chilton 4986:on 11 December 2017 4022:on 27 November 2013 3789:grandfather clauses 3631:county constituency 3623:Henry VI of England 3098:first-past-the-post 2452:Military Voters Act 2435:1917 – The federal 2327:over the age of 21. 2259:presidential system 2058:Republic of Ireland 1923:Liberation theology 1908:Youth Olympic Games 1722:UK Youth Parliament 1717:Three O'Clock Lobby 1702:Queer Youth Network 1586:Youth participation 1541:Minors and abortion 1526:Minimum driving age 1444:Corporal punishment 1240:Wild in the Streets 1204:Hammer v. Dagenhart 646:Dublin City Council 636:, for changing the 630:Republic of Ireland 608:parliamentary agent 590:, which is a major 533:compulsory suffrage 527:Compulsory suffrage 521:Compulsory suffrage 100:, as distinct from 74:political franchise 11537:Social integration 11532:Self-determination 11522:Racial integration 11470:Diversity training 11460:Cultural pluralism 11435:Affirmative action 11335:Racial segregation 11245:Crime of apartheid 11147:Religious violence 10650:Indigenous people 10050:Sexual orientation 9881:Right to sexuality 9758:Right to education 9684:Security of person 9579:Freedom of thought 9300:in the Philippines 8825:Crime of apartheid 8476:(1999 documentary) 8343:Suffrage jewellery 7567:Universal suffrage 7495:Suffrage in Canada 7432:(Harvard UP. 2018) 7387:Historical Journal 7288:(Routledge, 2004). 7281:(NYU Press, 1994). 7213: 6874:"Getting the vote" 6827:riksdag bicameral. 6290:. 9 December 2020. 5969:on 29 January 2008 5877:Irish Statute Book 5850:Irish Statute Book 5357:, Elections Canada 5138:on 14 January 2012 5031:Irish Statute Book 5011:Irish Statute Book 4955:Irish Statute Book 4876:Irish Statute Book 4822:Irish Statute Book 4645:10.1057/bp.2011.30 3859:Disenfranchisement 3603:Kingdom of England 3599: 3555:Turkish parliament 3528:Turkish civil code 3255:House of Delegates 2791:Compromise of 1867 2718:Kingdom of Hawai'i 2548:Electoral Officers 2368:Australia in 1970. 2293: 2183:, a former French 1969:Society portal 1596:Youth unemployment 1551:School leaving age 1511:Legal drinking age 1331:Universal suffrage 1304:Future generations 1216:Morse v. Frederick 1109:Reconstruction Era 967: 736:Kingdom of Hawai'i 697: 668:Disenfranchisement 662:Basis of exclusion 640:, or delimiting a 602:, financed by the 514:Jacksonian reforms 497:Universal suffrage 474: 386: 355:Kingdom of Hawai'i 340:Greater Manchester 322:St. Peter's Square 294:Universal suffrage 291: 277:Universal suffrage 271:Universal suffrage 141:citizenship status 122:federal government 118:shared sovereignty 67: 62:for voting in the 32:Universal suffrage 11839: 11838: 11707:Racism by country 11635:Intersectionality 11620:Heteronormativity 11419:Voter suppression 11167:Sexual harassment 10966:Forced conversion 10886:Cultural genocide 10549:African Americans 10363:post–Cold War era 10348:Eastern Orthodoxy 10111:Anti-drug addicts 10106:Anti-homelessness 10033:Scientific racism 9889: 9888: 9788:Right to property 9748:Right to clothing 9733:Fair remuneration 9701:Right to homeland 9649:Right to petition 9574:Freedom of speech 9466: 9465: 9448:Three generations 8808: 8807: 8725: 8724: 8571: 8570: 8482:Iron Jawed Angels 8404:Umbrella Movement 8348:Suffragette penny 8262:Millicent Fawcett 8233:Portrait Monument 8141: 8140: 7995:WSPU march (1906) 7812:African Americans 7730:Spain (Civil War, 7622:Compulsory voting 7447:978-0-8377-3103-2 7438:Reports on Voting 7402:Englert, Gianna. 7333:(Routledge, 2021) 7242:Atkinson, Neill. 6684:"川崎市：日本の選挙権拡大の歴史" 6555:de.wikisource.org 6529:de.wikisource.org 6304:. Archives.cbc.ca 6242:cite encyclopedia 6170:. Archives.cbc.ca 6070:on 27 August 2011 5992:Our World in Data 5822:), archived from 5492:978-1-4120-4952-8 5405:on 16 August 2018 4930:on 9 January 2018 4904:on 9 January 2018 4612:on 9 January 2008 4472:on 19 August 2012 4466:"Votes for Women" 4314:. Rochester, NY. 4048:. Aceproject.org. 3489:granted suffrage. 3478:granted suffrage. 3374:1862 – Under the 3271:National Assembly 3126:entrenched clause 3106:Orange Free State 3094:House of Assembly 2958:(indigenous) men. 2910:Suffrage in Japan 2006: 2005: 1712:Freechild Project 1521:Legal working age 1351:Youth empowerment 893:1792 Constitution 861:Benjamin Disraeli 747:Eleanor Roosevelt 743:international law 600:City Remembrancer 436:. The autonomous 330:Peterloo Massacre 315:Corsican Republic 287:Peterloo Massacre 60:identity document 16:(Redirected from 11864: 11829: 11828: 11819: 11818: 11759:Social privilege 11744:Social exclusion 11672:Police brutality 11593:Multiculturalism 11563:Amatonormativity 11394:Social exclusion 11230:Age of candidacy 11030:Homeless dumping 10936:Ethnic cleansing 9916: 9909: 9902: 9893: 9892: 9778:Right to housing 9712:Economic, social 9659:Right to protest 9654:Right to privacy 9493: 9486: 9479: 9470: 9469: 9220:in Punjab, India 8845:Forced migration 8755: 8754: 8648: 8647: 8643:and philosophies 8598: 8591: 8584: 8575: 8574: 8394:Age of candidacy 8327:Holloway Jingles 8301:Pankhurst Centre 8272:(2008 sculpture) 8195:Leser v. Garnett 8000:Mud March (1907) 7884: 7883: 7817:Native Americans 7627:Disfranchisement 7546: 7539: 7532: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7510: 7508:"Suffrage" 7464: 7463: 7405: 7343:Sangster, Joan. 7291:Kenney, Anne R. 7193: 7192: 7190: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7116: 7114: 7108: 7101: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7065: 7050: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7010: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6966: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6802: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6719:. Archived from 6709: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6680: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6655:. Archived from 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6625:. Archived from 6614: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6581: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6388: 6381: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6329: 6323: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6298: 6292: 6291: 6288:Elections Canada 6280: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6245: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6216: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6189: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6142: 6133: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6066:. Archived from 6056: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6012: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5965:, archived from 5953: 5947: 5946: 5940: 5938: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5896: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5722: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5674: 5668: 5656: 5650: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5620: 5614: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5516: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5424: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5401:. Archived from 5395: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5276:, archived from 5264: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5222:, archived from 5210: 5204: 5203: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4985: 4974: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4867: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4633:British Politics 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4608:. Archived from 4602: 4596: 4595: 4587: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4416: 4410: 4403: 4397: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4344:(302): 254–276. 4330: 4324: 4323: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4154:on 11 March 2016 4144: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4129:on 19 April 2014 4119: 4113: 4112: 4084: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4065: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4018:. Archived from 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3971: 3954: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3913: 3907: 3900: 3884:Women's suffrage 3854:Direct democracy 3683:women's suffrage 3664:House of Commons 3461:military service 3454:women's suffrage 3442:general election 3435:women's suffrage 3401:military service 3371:, is introduced. 3356:outlined in the 3245:establishes the 2707:insanity defense 2654:French Consulate 2541:no fixed address 2423:British Columbia 2064:Hirst v UK (No2) 2054:many U.S. states 2050:some U.S. states 2014:Age of candidacy 1998: 1991: 1984: 1967: 1966: 1955: 1954: 1903:Students' rights 1868:Direct democracy 1657:Future Coalition 1531:Marriageable age 1491:In loco parentis 1389:Age of candidacy 1289:Fear of children 1153: 1152: 1130:United Arab List 1116:, the country's 1003:House of Commons 679:Women's suffrage 612:House of Commons 592:financial centre 395:Women's suffrage 390:Women's suffrage 373:Women's suffrage 313:The short-lived 260: 243: 216: 209: 202: 196: 102:passive suffrage 21: 11872: 11871: 11867: 11866: 11865: 11863: 11862: 11861: 11842: 11841: 11840: 11835: 11807: 11682:Polyculturalism 11578:Civil liberties 11546: 11527:Reappropriation 11428:Countermeasures 11423: 11352:Racial steering 11318:Numerus clausus 11222: 11216: 10941:Ethnic conflict 10876:Corrective rape 10827: 10467: 10422:minority Muslim 10309: 10201:HIV/AIDS stigma 10069: 10018:Mental disorder 9956: 9925: 9920: 9890: 9885: 9856:Family planning 9841: 9832: 9808:Right of return 9768:Right to health 9716: 9713: 9705: 9669:Right to resist 9619:Right of asylum 9510: 9503: 9497: 9467: 9462: 9421: 9250:in South Africa 9240:in Sierra Leone 9235:in Saudi Arabia 8965:in Burkina Faso 8920:in Azad Kashmir 8804: 8746: 8721: 8705: 8674: 8644: 8642: 8635: 8626:Intersex people 8607: 8602: 8572: 8567: 8532:(upcoming film) 8458:Votes for Women 8414: 8408: 8382: 8321:Holloway brooch 8316:Holloway banner 8147: 8137: 8106:Night of Terror 8039: 7983: 7875: 7636: 7555: 7550: 7505: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7465: 7461: 7456: 7403: 7399: 7228: 7218: 7197: 7196: 7188: 7184: 7183: 7179: 7172: 7152: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7112: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7093: 7089: 7082: 7063: 7041: 7037: 7027: 7025: 7012: 7011: 7007: 6997: 6995: 6985: 6981: 6968: 6967: 6963: 6953: 6951: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6934: 6918: 6914: 6905: 6903: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6872: 6871: 6867: 6857: 6855: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6837: 6833: 6815: 6793: 6789: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6766: 6765: 6761: 6751: 6749: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6711: 6710: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6682: 6681: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6615: 6611: 6603: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6579: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6560: 6558: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6534: 6532: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6508: 6506: 6498: 6497: 6493: 6483: 6481: 6473: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6448: 6447: 6443: 6433: 6431: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6379: 6375: 6374: 6370: 6357: 6356: 6352: 6342: 6340: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6300: 6299: 6295: 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5392: 5383: 5381: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5360: 5358: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5337: 5335: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5314: 5312: 5305:Yale Law School 5297: 5296: 5292: 5283: 5281: 5274:Yale Law School 5266: 5265: 5261: 5252: 5250: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5229: 5227: 5220:Yale Law School 5212: 5211: 5207: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5167: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5141: 5139: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5090: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5050: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5024: 5016: 5014: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4972: 4968: 4960: 4958: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4933: 4931: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4907: 4905: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4869: 4868: 4864: 4853: 4851: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4744: 4740: 4725: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4672: 4668: 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4550:on 28 June 2011 4542: 4541: 4537: 4527: 4525: 4522:mentalfloss.com 4516: 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4443: 4442: 4438: 4428: 4426: 4418: 4417: 4413: 4404: 4400: 4391: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4331: 4327: 4308: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4196: 4192: 4182: 4180: 4179:. 27 April 2015 4171: 4170: 4166: 4157: 4155: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4132: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4085: 4078: 4070: 4063: 4057: 4053: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4014: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3914: 3910: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3879:Anti-suffragism 3840: 3835: 3829: 3730: 3724: 3676:Reform Act 1884 3670:Reform Act 1867 3650:Reform Act 1832 3635:Reform Act 1832 3587: 3573: 3523: 3517: 3420:local elections 3380:local elections 3345: 3331: 3081: 3076: 3070: 3053: 3008: 2943: 2937: 2912: 2906: 2898: 2862: 2857: 2851: 2831: 2775: 2767:committee stage 2743: 2720: 2678: 2648:Census suffrage 2640: 2582: 2574: 2524:1982 – The new 2449:). The federal 2418: 2412: 2375: 2320: 2310: 2285: 2267: 2245:local elections 2230: 2151: 2134: 2128: 2107:enjoy neither. 2092: 2046: 2040: 2016: 2008:Main articles: 2002: 1973: 1961: 1952: 1943: 1942: 1823: 1815: 1814: 1790:Koroknay-Palicz 1765: 1757: 1756: 1614: 1606: 1605: 1409:Age of marriage 1404:Age of majority 1379: 1371: 1370: 1356:Youth exclusion 1274:Criminalization 1254: 1253:Theory/concepts 1246: 1245: 1166: 1151: 1058: 1015: 963:Austria-Hungary 955: 794: 709:Catholic Church 681: 675: 670: 664: 569:natural persons 557: 541: 529: 523: 509:equal suffrage, 505: 503:Census suffrage 493: 491:Weighted voting 487: 450: 430:South Australia 392: 375: 328:has called the 311: 279: 273: 268: 182: 98:active suffrage 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Census suffrage 15: 12: 11: 5: 11870: 11860: 11859: 11854: 11837: 11836: 11834: 11833: 11823: 11812: 11809: 11808: 11806: 11805: 11800: 11799: 11798: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11777: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11730: 11729: 11727:Reverse racism 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11697:Prisoner abuse 11694: 11689: 11687:Power distance 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11653: 11652: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11605:Ethnic penalty 11602: 11601: 11600: 11598:Neurodiversity 11595: 11585: 11583:Dehumanization 11580: 11575: 11573:Cisnormativity 11570: 11565: 11560: 11554: 11552: 11551:Related topics 11548: 11547: 11545: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11473: 11472: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11431: 11429: 11425: 11424: 11422: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11409:State religion 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11390: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11348: 11347: 11345:Nuremberg Laws 11342: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11287:Ghetto benches 11284: 11282:Gerrymandering 11279: 11274: 11269: 11267:Gender pay gap 11264: 11263: 11262: 11257: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11226: 11224: 11221:Discriminatory 11218: 11217: 11215: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11050:Lavender scare 11047: 11045:Kill Haole Day 11042: 11040:Indian rolling 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11016: 11015: 11005: 11000: 10999: 10998: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10926:Eliminationism 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10861:Cancel culture 10858: 10853: 10848: 10847: 10846: 10835: 10833: 10832:Manifestations 10829: 10828: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10728:Middle Eastern 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10694: 10693: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10667: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10562: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10530: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10478: 10476: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10465: 10463:Zoroastrianism 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10439: 10438: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10425: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10389: 10388: 10387: 10385:Untouchability 10382: 10372: 10367: 10366: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10319: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10296: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10275: 10274: 10273: 10268: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10211:Leprosy stigma 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10077: 10075: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10030: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9964: 9962: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9933: 9931: 9927: 9926: 9923:Discrimination 9919: 9918: 9911: 9904: 9896: 9887: 9886: 9884: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9847: 9845: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9830: 9825: 9823:Right to water 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9798:Right of reply 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9723:Digital rights 9719: 9717: 9710: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9703: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9686: 9681: 9679:Right to truth 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9520: 9518: 9512: 9511: 9508: 9505: 9504: 9496: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9473: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9429: 9427: 9423: 9422: 9420: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9373: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9270:in Switzerland 9267: 9262: 9257: 9255:in South Korea 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9190:in North Korea 9187: 9182: 9180:in New Zealand 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9125:in Kyrgyzstan‎ 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9010:in El Salvador 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8935:in Balochistan 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8885:in Afghanistan 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8820:Atrocity crime 8816: 8814: 8810: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8744: 8739: 8733: 8731: 8727: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8719: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8682: 8680: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8651: 8645: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8608: 8601: 8600: 8593: 8586: 8578: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8526: 8525:(2022 musical) 8518: 8517:(2018 musical) 8510: 8502: 8494: 8486: 8478: 8470: 8462: 8454: 8449: 8447:Suffrage plays 8444: 8439: 8431: 8426: 8418: 8416: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8390: 8388: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8281: 8274: 8270:Great Petition 8266: 8258: 8251: 8243: 8236: 8229: 8224: 8216: 8211: 8207:Rise up, Women 8203: 8198: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8175: 8174: 8169: 8159: 8153: 8151: 8143: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8114: 8113: 8111:Prison Special 8108: 8098: 8093: 8091:Suffrage Torch 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8047: 8045: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7965: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7887: 7881: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7866: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7799: 7798: 7797: 7796: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7777: 7776: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7763:Cayman Islands 7753:United Kingdom 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7650: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7563: 7561: 7557: 7556: 7549: 7548: 7541: 7534: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7503: 7497: 7492: 7466: 7459: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7454:External links 7452: 7451: 7450: 7433: 7426: 7411: 7398: 7395: 7394: 7393: 7383: 7376: 7369: 7366:French History 7362: 7355: 7348: 7341: 7334: 7327: 7317: 7310: 7303: 7296: 7289: 7282: 7275: 7268: 7261: 7254: 7247: 7240: 7217: 7214: 7195: 7194: 7177: 7170: 7146: 7124: 7087: 7080: 7061: 7035: 7024:on 6 July 2016 7005: 6979: 6961: 6939: 6932: 6912: 6887: 6865: 6843: 6831: 6813: 6787: 6773: 6759: 6734: 6701: 6690:. 7 April 2010 6670: 6659:on 11 May 2021 6640: 6609: 6597: 6568: 6542: 6516: 6491: 6466: 6441: 6415: 6400: 6368: 6350: 6339:. January 2001 6324: 6315: 6293: 6275: 6253: 6206: 6181: 6159: 6134: 6125: 6103: 6081: 6051: 6029: 6004: 5979: 5948: 5917: 5891: 5863: 5836: 5805: 5783: 5761: 5739: 5717: 5695: 5684:on 2 June 2013 5669: 5651: 5639: 5615: 5606: 5585: 5563: 5537: 5508: 5496: 5479: 5467:www.crmvet.org 5454: 5439: 5416: 5390: 5367: 5344: 5321: 5290: 5259: 5236: 5205: 5187: 5161: 5149: 5119: 5100: 5072: 5044: 4997: 4941: 4915: 4889: 4862: 4835: 4808: 4794: 4774: 4760: 4738: 4719: 4693: 4674:Leaver, Adam. 4666: 4623: 4597: 4582: 4561: 4535: 4524:. 21 June 2015 4509: 4498:. 5 April 2016 4483: 4457: 4436: 4411: 4398: 4385: 4363: 4325: 4302: 4277: 4255: 4233: 4221:10.2307/588044 4190: 4164: 4139: 4114: 4095:(3): 466–489. 4076: 4051: 4033: 4007: 3986: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3943:14th Amendment 3934: 3925: 3908: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3874:Youth suffrage 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3836: 3831:Main article: 3828: 3825: 3799:literacy tests 3785: 3784: 3781:26th Amendment 3778: 3775:24th Amendment 3772: 3765:23rd Amendment 3762: 3759:19th Amendment 3756: 3753:15th Amendment 3726:Main article: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3712: 3702: 3696: 3686: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3653: 3637:. A series of 3572: 3571:United Kingdom 3569: 3568: 3567: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3546:Aydın Province 3534: 3531: 3519:Main article: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3504: 3497: 3490: 3479: 3464: 3457: 3438: 3423: 3408: 3397: 3383: 3372: 3361: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3316: 3307: 3300: 3287: 3284:Bill of Rights 3259: 3239: 3228: 3225: 3218: 3211: 3204: 3193: 3186: 3169: 3158: 3143: 3136: 3129: 3096:is elected by 3080: 3077: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3016: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2980: 2977: 2970:reserved seats 2962: 2959: 2939:Main article: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2908:Main article: 2905: 2902: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2858: 2853:Main article: 2850: 2847: 2843:61st Amendment 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2787: 2774: 2771: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2650: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2613: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2578: 2573: 2572:European Union 2570: 2569: 2568: 2551: 2544: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2522: 2519: 2504: 2489: 2486: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2433: 2426: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2383: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2369: 2361: 2358: 2351: 2344: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2309: 2306: 2266: 2263: 2237:Garda Síochána 2229: 2226: 2221:Vice President 2150: 2149:Naturalization 2147: 2130:Main article: 2127: 2124: 2091: 2088: 2042:Main article: 2039: 2036: 2004: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1993: 1986: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1971: 1959: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1898:Libertarianism 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1873:Egalitarianism 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1737:The Youth Cafe 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1591:Youth politics 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1566:Status offense 1563: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1508: 1503: 1501:Juvenile court 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1429:Child marriage 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1394:Age of consent 1391: 1386: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1361:Youth suffrage 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1341:Youth activism 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1236: 1231: 1224: 1219: 1212: 1207: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1122:2015 elections 1100: 1079: 1071:Boer republics 1057: 1054: 1019:literacy tests 1014: 1011: 999:House of Lords 987:United Kingdom 954: 951: 907:religion". In 833:Nonconformists 793: 790: 751:United Nations 749:. In 1948 the 729:kinship system 677:Main article: 674: 671: 663: 660: 588:City of London 540: 537: 525:Main article: 522: 519: 504: 501: 486: 485:Equal suffrage 483: 449: 446: 442:Russian Empire 388:Main article: 374: 371: 310: 307: 301:, ability and 275:Main article: 272: 269: 267: 264: 181: 178: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11869: 11858: 11857:Political law 11855: 11853: 11850: 11849: 11847: 11832: 11824: 11822: 11814: 11813: 11810: 11804: 11801: 11797: 11794: 11793: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11781:Social stigma 11779: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11761: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11728: 11725: 11724: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11651: 11648: 11647: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11590: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11555: 11553: 11549: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11471: 11468: 11467: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11432: 11430: 11426: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11404:State atheism 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11369: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11340:Jim Crow laws 11338: 11337: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11325:One-drop rule 11323: 11321: 11319: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11252: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11240:Blood quantum 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11219: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11187:Victimisation 11185: 11183: 11182:Trans bashing 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11152:Religious war 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11132:Racialization 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11082: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11014: 11011: 11010: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11003:Glass ceiling 11001: 10997: 10994: 10993: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10946:Ethnic hatred 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10881:Counter-jihad 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10845: 10842: 10841: 10840: 10837: 10836: 10834: 10830: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10692: 10689: 10688: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10665: 10664:United States 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10651: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10546: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10528: 10527:United States 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10514: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10479: 10477: 10475: 10470: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10448:Protestantism 10446: 10444: 10441: 10437: 10434: 10433: 10432: 10429: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10395: 10394: 10393: 10390: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10377: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10358:LDS or Mormon 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10340: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10312: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10288:Transmisogyny 10286: 10284: 10281: 10280: 10279: 10276: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10263: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10191:Gerontophobia 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10121:Anti-intersex 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10096:Anti-albinism 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10078: 10076: 10072: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10025: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9959: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9937:Institutional 9935: 9934: 9932: 9928: 9924: 9917: 9912: 9910: 9905: 9903: 9898: 9897: 9894: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9848: 9846: 9844: 9839: 9835: 9829: 9828:Right to work 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9763:Right to food 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9708: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9691: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9644:Right to life 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9513: 9506: 9502: 9494: 9489: 9487: 9482: 9480: 9475: 9474: 9471: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9424: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9340:in Uzbekistan 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9230:in the Russia 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9110:in Kazakhstan 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8940:in Bangladesh 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8925:in Azerbaijan 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8857: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8811: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8791:South America 8789: 8787: 8785: 8784:North America 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8759: 8756: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8730:Organizations 8728: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8708: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8683: 8681: 8677: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8652: 8649: 8646: 8638: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8610: 8606: 8599: 8594: 8592: 8587: 8585: 8580: 8579: 8576: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8495: 8493: 8492:(2013 sitcom) 8491: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8471: 8469: 8468:(1974 series) 8467: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8424: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8411: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8385: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8328: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8196: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8144: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7986: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7878: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7804: 7803: 7802:United States 7800: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7715:Liechtenstein 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7612:Demeny voting 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7547: 7542: 7540: 7535: 7533: 7528: 7527: 7524: 7516: 7515: 7509: 7504: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7480: 7479: 7473: 7469: 7448: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7434: 7431: 7427: 7424: 7423:0-465-02968-X 7420: 7416: 7412: 7409: 7401: 7400: 7397:United States 7392: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7377: 7374: 7370: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7307:History Today 7304: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7283: 7280: 7276: 7273: 7269: 7266: 7262: 7259: 7255: 7252: 7248: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7210: 7206: 7201: 7187: 7181: 7173: 7171:9781317455363 7167: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7150: 7134: 7128: 7121: 7105: 7098: 7091: 7083: 7081:9780495904991 7077: 7073: 7072: 7064: 7062:9780618990948 7058: 7054: 7049: 7048: 7039: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7009: 6994: 6990: 6983: 6975: 6974:UK Parliament 6971: 6965: 6949: 6943: 6935: 6933:9780748626724 6929: 6925: 6924: 6916: 6901: 6897: 6891: 6875: 6869: 6853: 6847: 6840: 6835: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6814:9780822936312 6810: 6806: 6801: 6800: 6791: 6783: 6777: 6769: 6763: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6708: 6706: 6689: 6685: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6606: 6601: 6585: 6578: 6572: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6505: 6501: 6495: 6480: 6476: 6470: 6455: 6451: 6445: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6411: 6404: 6385: 6378: 6372: 6364: 6360: 6354: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6319: 6303: 6297: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6264: 6257: 6249: 6243: 6228: 6227: 6222: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6195: 6188: 6186: 6169: 6163: 6147: 6141: 6139: 6129: 6113: 6107: 6092: 6085: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6055: 6039: 6033: 6017: 6011: 6009: 5993: 5989: 5983: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5905: 5901: 5895: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5840: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5816: 5809: 5793: 5787: 5771: 5770:"Philippines" 5765: 5749: 5743: 5727: 5721: 5705: 5699: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5660: 5655: 5648: 5643: 5628: 5627: 5619: 5610: 5595: 5589: 5573: 5567: 5552: 5548: 5541: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5513: 5505: 5500: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5468: 5464: 5458: 5451: 5446: 5444: 5432: 5431: 5423: 5421: 5404: 5400: 5394: 5379: 5378: 5371: 5356: 5355: 5348: 5333: 5332: 5325: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5301: 5294: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5270: 5263: 5248: 5247: 5240: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5216: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5176: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5153: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5104: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5061: 5060: 5055: 5048: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5001: 4982: 4978: 4971: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4945: 4929: 4925: 4919: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4866: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4812: 4797: 4795:9781902448930 4791: 4787: 4786: 4778: 4763: 4761:9781317890836 4757: 4753: 4749: 4742: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4681: 4677: 4670: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4594: 4593: 4586: 4574: 4573: 4565: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4446: 4440: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4408: 4402: 4395: 4389: 4374: 4367: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4334:Poole, Robert 4329: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4265: 4259: 4243: 4237: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4194: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4153: 4149: 4148:"Can I vote?" 4143: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4083: 4081: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4021: 4017: 4011: 3996: 3990: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3929: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3905: 3904:1977 election 3899: 3895: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3869:Voting system 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3834: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3742: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3722:United States 3716: 3713: 3710: 3709:plural voting 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3509: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3494:upper chamber 3491: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3440:1921 – First 3439: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3403:and who paid 3402: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3337: 3333: 3332: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3305: 3301: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3280:right to vote 3277: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3179:Supreme Court 3176: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3122:Cape Province 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3082: 3075: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2901: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2867:House of Keys 2864: 2863: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2770: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2577: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2508:First Nations 2505: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2493:First Nations 2490: 2487: 2484: 2483:First Nations 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2366: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2305: 2303: 2298: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2225: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2146: 2144: 2139: 2133: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2065: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2032:Demeny voting 2029: 2024: 2022: 2015: 2011: 1999: 1994: 1992: 1987: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1976: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1858:Animal rights 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1613:Organizations 1610: 1609: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1259:Adultcentrism 1257: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1242: 1241: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1118:Arab minority 1115: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1010: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 983: 981: 977: 972: 964: 959: 950: 948: 944: 940: 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 912: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 888: 887: 879: 877: 873: 869: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 841:Presbyterians 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 817: 815: 811: 807: 806:Great Britain 803: 799: 789: 787: 783: 779: 778:King Abdullah 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 739: 737: 732: 730: 727: 722: 718: 717:First Nations 713: 710: 706: 702: 694: 690: 685: 680: 669: 659: 657: 652: 649: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 626: 624: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 576: 574: 573:legal persons 570: 566: 562: 556: 552: 548: 547:Plural voting 543: 539:Business vote 536: 534: 528: 518: 515: 510: 500: 498: 492: 482: 478: 471: 467: 463: 459: 454: 445: 443: 439: 435: 432:achieved the 431: 427: 421: 419: 413: 412: 409: 402: 400: 396: 391: 384: 379: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 347:Paris Commune 343: 341: 337: 336: 331: 327: 323: 318: 316: 309:Early history 306: 304: 300: 295: 288: 283: 278: 263: 261: 259: 253: 252: 246: 244: 242: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 215: 208: 201: 195: 191: 187: 177: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 142: 138: 134: 129: 127: 123: 119: 115: 109: 107: 106:full suffrage 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 82:right to vote 79: 75: 71: 65: 61: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 39:Right to Vote 33: 19: 11615:Gender-blind 11502:Human rights 11330:Racial quota 11317: 11297:Jewish quota 11277:Gerontocracy 11272:Gender roles 11250:Disabilities 11235:Blood purity 11207:Wife selling 11197:White flight 11177:Slut-shaming 11157:Scapegoating 11075:Murder music 10748:Palestinians 10691:Anti-Zionism 10559:South Africa 10544:Black people 10522:South Africa 10338:Christianity 10328:Baháʼí Faith 10256:Sectarianism 10196:Heterosexism 10161:Ephebiphobia 10131:Anti-Masonry 9998:Hair texture 9843:reproductive 9738:Labor rights 9714:and cultural 9688: 9624:Right to die 9501:human rights 9499:Substantive 9345:in Venezuela 9260:in Sri Lanka 9140:in Lithuania 9065:in Indonesia 9045:in Hong Kong 9040:in Guatemala 8910:in Australia 8900:in Argentina 8751:By continent 8679:Distinctions 8660:Positive law 8605:Human rights 8529: 8520: 8512: 8505: 8497: 8490:Up the Women 8489: 8481: 8473: 8465: 8457: 8437:(1947 opera) 8434: 8353:Suffrage Oak 8338:Justice Bell 8325: 8283: 8276: 8269: 8261: 8253: 8246: 8238: 8231: 8219: 8206: 8193: 7893:conferences 7560:Basic topics 7552: 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Retrieved 7135:. Infoplease 7127: 7118: 7111:. Retrieved 7104:the original 7090: 7070: 7046: 7038: 7026:. Retrieved 7022:the original 7017: 7008: 6996:. Retrieved 6992: 6982: 6973: 6964: 6952:. Retrieved 6942: 6922: 6915: 6904:, retrieved 6899: 6890: 6878:. Retrieved 6868: 6856:. Retrieved 6846: 6834: 6826: 6798: 6790: 6776: 6762: 6750:. Retrieved 6746: 6737: 6725:. Retrieved 6721:the original 6716: 6713:"わが国の選挙権の拡大" 6692:. Retrieved 6687: 6661:. Retrieved 6657:the original 6652: 6643: 6631:. Retrieved 6627:the original 6622: 6612: 6600: 6588:. Retrieved 6583: 6571: 6559:. Retrieved 6554: 6545: 6533:. Retrieved 6528: 6519: 6507:. Retrieved 6503: 6494: 6482:. Retrieved 6478: 6469: 6457:. Retrieved 6453: 6444: 6432:. Retrieved 6427: 6418: 6409: 6403: 6391:. Retrieved 6384:the original 6371: 6362: 6353: 6341:. Retrieved 6336: 6327: 6318: 6306:. Retrieved 6296: 6287: 6278: 6266:. Retrieved 6256: 6230:. Retrieved 6224: 6197:. Retrieved 6172:. Retrieved 6162: 6150:. Retrieved 6128: 6116:. 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