Sovereignty - Knowledge

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and has the popular legitimacy. Internal sovereignty examines the internal affairs of a state and how it operates. It is important to have strong internal sovereignty to keeping order and peace. When you have weak internal sovereignty, organisations such as rebel groups will undermine the authority and disrupt the peace. The presence of a strong authority allows you to keep the agreement and enforce sanctions for the violation of laws. The ability for leadership to prevent these violations is a key variable in determining internal sovereignty. The lack of internal sovereignty can cause war in one of two ways: first, undermining the value of agreement by allowing costly violations; and second, requiring such large subsidies for implementation that they render war cheaper than peace. Leadership needs to be able to promise members, especially those like armies, police forces, or paramilitaries will abide by agreements. The presence of strong internal sovereignty allows a state to deter opposition groups in exchange for bargaining. While the operations and affairs within a state are relative to the level of sovereignty within that state, there is still an argument over who should hold the authority in a sovereign state.

819:, a constitution by Catalonia recognized that right which demonstrates empirical sovereignty. As David Samuel points out, this is an important aspect of a state because there has to be a designated individual or group of individuals that are acting on behalf of the people of the state. Juridical sovereignty emphasizes the importance of other states recognizing the rights of a state to exercise their control freely with little interference. For example, Jackson,Rosberg and Jones,explain how the sovereignty and survival of African states were more largely influenced by legal recognition rather than material aid. Douglass North identifies that institutions want structure and these two forms of sovereignty can be a method for developing structure. 1103:, is inalienable, for the will cannot be transmitted; it is indivisible since it is essentially general; it is infallible and always right, determined and limited in its power by the common interest; it acts through laws. Law is the decision of the general will regarding some object of common interest, but though the general will is always right and desires only good, its judgment is not always enlightened, and consequently does not always see wherein the common good lies; hence the necessity of the legislator. But the legislator has, of himself, no authority; he is only a guide who drafts and proposes laws, but the people alone (that is, the sovereign or general will) has authority to make and impose them. 975:, that is, laws made by humans. He emphasized that a sovereign is bound to observe certain basic rules derived from the divine law, the law of nature or reason, and the law that is common to all nations (jus gentium), as well as the fundamental laws of the state that determine who is the sovereign, who succeeds to sovereignty, and what limits the sovereign power. Thus, Bodin's sovereign was restricted by the constitutional law of the state and by the higher law that was considered as binding upon every human being. The fact that the sovereign must obey divine and natural law imposes ethical constraints on him. Bodin also held that the 1255:; policies and actions of neighboring states; cooperation and respect of the populace; means of enforcement; and resources to enact policy are factors that might limit sovereignty. For example, parents are not guaranteed the right to decide some matters in the upbringing of their children independent of societal regulation, and municipalities do not have unlimited jurisdiction in local matters, thus neither parents nor municipalities have absolute sovereignty. Theorists have diverged over the desirability of increased absoluteness. 40: 823:

era because the United Nations believed that to have peaceful relations states should establish peace within their territory. As a matter of fact, theorists found that during the post Cold War era many people focused on how stronger internal structures promote inter-state peace. For instance, Zaum argues that many weak and impoverished countries that were affected by the Cold War were given assistance to develop their lacking sovereignty through this sub-concept of "empirical statehood".

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independent authority; one whose decisions are binding upon all citizens, groups and institutions in society. Early thinkers believed sovereignty should be vested in the hands of a single person, a monarch. They believed the overriding merit of vesting sovereignty in a single individual was that sovereignty would therefore be indivisible; it would be expressed in a single voice that could claim final authority. An example of an internal sovereign is

2515: 1335: 4850: 1833:. It was a full economic union, meaning the Scottish and English systems of currency, taxation and laws regulating trade were aligned. Nonetheless, Scotland and England never fully surrendered or pooled all of their governance sovereignty; they retained many of their previous national institutional features and characteristics, particularly relating to their legal, religious and educational systems. In 2012, the 1042:] Power" that can compel them to act in the common good. Hobbes was thus the first to write that relations between the people and the sovereign were based on negotiation rather than natural submission. His expediency argument attracted many of the early proponents of sovereignty. Hobbes strengthened the definition of sovereignty beyond either Westphalian or Bodin's, by saying that it must be: 2438: 1111:

collective being of wonder" (Book II, Chapter I) resulting from "the general will" of the people, and that "what any man, whoever he may be, orders on his own, is not a law" (Book II, Chapter VI) – and predicated on the assumption that the people have an unbiased means by which to ascertain the general will. Thus the legal maxim, "there is no law without a sovereign."

1036:", but for different reasons. He created the first modern version of the social contract (or contractarian) theory, arguing that to overcome the "nasty, brutish and short" quality of life without the cooperation of other human beings, people must join in a "commonwealth" and submit to a "Soveraigne [ 1276:; and thus any group claiming the right to violence must either be brought under the yoke of the sovereign, proven illegitimate or otherwise contested and defeated for sovereignty to be genuine. International law, competing branches of government, and authorities reserved for subordinate entities (such as 2416:

hold a view of sovereignty where power rightfully exists with those states that hold the greatest ability to impose the will of said state, by force or threat of force, over the populace of other states with weaker military or political will. They effectively deny the sovereignty of the individual in

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believe that sovereignty is outdated and an unnecessary obstacle to achieving peace, in line with their belief in a global community. In the light of the abuse of power by sovereign states such as Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Soviet Union, they argue that human beings are not necessarily protected by

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stated with regard to the Hague Convention on Land Warfare of 1907: "The rules of land warfare expressed in the Convention undoubtedly represented an advance over existing International Law at the time of their adoption ... but by 1939 these rules ... were recognized by all civilized nations and were

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For a while, the United Nations highly valued juridical sovereignty and attempted to reinforce its principle often. More recently, the United Nations is shifting away and focusing on establishing empirical sovereignty. Michael Barnett notes that this is largely due to the effects of the post Cold War

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With "sovereignty" meaning holding supreme, independent authority over a region or state, "internal sovereignty" refers to the internal affairs of the state and the location of supreme power within it. A state that has internal sovereignty is one with a government that has been elected by the people

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and is usually seen as the fundamental principle of the British constitution. With these principles of parliamentary sovereignty, majority control can gain access to unlimited constitutional authority, creating what has been called "elective dictatorship" or "modern autocracy". Public sovereignty

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This argument between who should hold the authority within a sovereign state is called the traditional doctrine of public sovereignty. This discussion is between an internal sovereign or an authority of public sovereignty. An internal sovereign is a political body that possesses ultimate, final and

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argued, "the growth of the State giving the trustees of public authority more and means to abuse their power, the more the Government has to have force to contain the people, the more force the Sovereign should have in turn to contain the Government," with the understanding that the Sovereign is "a

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There are two additional components of sovereignty that should be discussed, empirical sovereignty and juridical sovereignty. Empirical sovereignty deals with the legitimacy of who is in control of a state and the legitimacy of how they exercise their power. Tilly references an example where nobles

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of France during the seventeenth century; Louis XIV claimed that he was the state. Jean-Jacques Rousseau rejected monarchical rule in favor of the other type of authority within a sovereign state, public sovereignty. Public Sovereignty is the belief that ultimate authority is vested in the people

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which legally required nations to punish genocide. Based on these and similar human rights agreements, beginning in 1990 there was a practical expression of this circumscription when the Westphalian principle of non-intervention was no longer observed for cases where the United Nations or another

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which developed a global system of sovereign states came to an end when the excesses of World War II made it clear to nations that some curtailment of the rights of sovereign states was necessary if future cruelties and injustices were to be prevented. In the years immediately prior to the war,

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Today, no state is sovereign in the sense they were prior to the Second World War. Transnational governance agreements and institutions, the globalized economy, and pooled sovereignty unions such as the European union have eroded the sovereignty of traditional states. The centuries long movement

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agreement endorsed by all member states of the United Nations. If a state fails this responsibility either by perpetrating massive injustice or being incapable of protecting its citizens, then outsiders may assume that responsibility despite prior norms forbidding such interference in a nation's

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There exists perhaps no conception the meaning of which is more controversial than that of sovereignty. It is an indisputable fact that this conception, from the moment when it was introduced into political science until the present day, has never had a meaning which was universally agreed upon.

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There exist vastly differing views on the moral basis of sovereignty. A fundamental polarity is between theories which assert that sovereignty is vested directly in the sovereigns by divine or natural right, and theories which assert it originates from the people. In the latter case there is a

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By formal agreement between the Swiss government and the ICRC, Switzerland grants full sanctity of all ICRC property in Switzerland including its headquarters and archive, grants members and staff legal immunity, exempts the ICRC from all taxes and fees, guarantees the protected and duty-free

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In regard to military occupation, international law prescribes the limits of the occupant's power. Occupation does not displace the sovereignty of the occupied state, though for the time being the occupant may exercise supreme governing authority. Nor does occupation effect any annexation or

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Often, these four aspects all appear together, but this is not necessarily the case – they are not affected by one another, and there are historical examples of states that were non-sovereign in one aspect while at the same time being sovereign in another of these aspects. According to

1654:, sovereignty means that a government possesses full control over affairs within a territorial or geographical area or limit. Determining whether a specific entity is sovereign is not an exact science, but often a matter of diplomatic dispute. There is usually an expectation that both 1725:, at the time the closest permanent equivalent to an UN-type general assembly; confirmed 1620. These sovereign rights were never deposed, only the territories were lost. Over 100 modern states maintain full diplomatic relations with the order, and the UN awarded it observer status. 1118:, the sovereign state emerged as a response to changes in international trade (forming coalitions that wanted sovereign states) so that the sovereign state's emergence was not inevitable; "it arose because of a particular conjuncture of social and political interests in Europe." 948:

Absolute: On this point, he said that the sovereign must be hedged in with obligations and conditions, must be able to legislate without his (or its) subjects' consent, must not be bound by the laws of his predecessors, and could not, because it is illogical, be bound by his own

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themselves, expressed in the idea of the general will. This means that the power is elected and supported by its members, the authority has a central goal of the good of the people in mind. The idea of public sovereignty has often been the basis for modern democratic theory.

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Within the modern governmental system, internal sovereignty is usually found in states that have public sovereignty and is rarely found within a state controlled by an internal sovereign. A form of government that is a little different from both is the UK parliament system.

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Hobbes' hypothesis—that the ruler's sovereignty is contracted to him by the people in return for his maintaining their physical safety—led him to conclude that if and when the ruler fails, the people recover their ability to protect themselves by forming a new contract.

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also refers to powers which a constituent state or republic possesses independently of the national government. In a confederation, constituent entities retain the right to withdraw from the national body and the union is often more temporary than a federation.

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A republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, retain sovereignty over the government and where offices of state are not granted through heritage. A common modern definition of a republic is a government having a

1647:(Whose realm, his religion), leaving the Roman Catholic Church with little ability to interfere with the internal affairs of many European states. It is a myth, however, that the Treaties of Westphalia created a new European order of equal sovereign states. 1662:

sovereignty rest in the same organisation at the place and time of concern. Foreign governments use varied criteria and political considerations when deciding whether or not to recognise the sovereignty of a state over a territory. Membership in the

1074:'s theory of the origin of power), provides that the people are the legitimate sovereign. Rousseau considered sovereignty to be inalienable; he condemned the distinction between the origin and the exercise of sovereignty, a distinction upon which 1049:

Indivisible: The sovereign is the only final authority in his territory; he does not share final authority with any other entity. Hobbes held this to be true because otherwise there would be no way of resolving a disagreement between the multiple

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Sovereignty reemerged as a concept in the late 16th century, a time when civil wars had created a craving for a stronger central authority when monarchs had begun to gather power onto their own hands at the expense of the nobility, and the modern

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Despite his commitment to absolutism, Bodin held some moderate opinions on how government should in practice be carried out. He held that although the sovereign is not obliged to, it is advisable for him, as a practical expedient, to convene a

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in 1929, a 59-year period during which it was recognised as sovereign by many (mostly Roman Catholic) states despite possessing no territory – a situation resolved when the Lateran Treaties granted the Holy See sovereignty over the

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also described as the ultimate arbiter in all disputes on the territory. Specifically, the degree to which decisions made by a sovereign entity might be contradicted by another authority. Along these lines, the German sociologist

1498:) since their governments neither answer to a bigger state nor is their governance subjected to supervision. The sovereignty (i.e. legal right to govern) however, is disputed in both cases as the first entity is claimed by 1395:

independence long after acquiring sovereignty, such as in the case of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Additionally, independence can also be suspended when an entire region becomes subject to an occupation. For example, when

1472: 956:. He held that sovereignty must be perpetual because anyone with the power to enforce a time limit on the governing power must be above the governing power, which would be impossible if the governing power is absolute. 3534: 1916:. Depending on the particular issue, sometimes both northern and southern states justified their political positions by appealing to state sovereignty. Fearing that slavery would be threatened by results of the 1183:

European integration is the second form of post-world war change in the norms of sovereignty, representing a significant shift since member nations are no longer absolutely sovereign. Some theorists, such as

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According to Matteo Laruffa "sovereignty resides in every public action and policy as the exercise of executive powers by institutions open to the participation of citizens to the decision-making processes"

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and governed locally by their pro-Soviet functionaries. When in 1991 Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia re-enacted independence, it was done so on the basis of continuity directly from the pre-Soviet republics.

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Absolute: because conditions could only be imposed on a sovereign if there were some outside arbitrator to determine when he had violated them, in which case the sovereign would not be the final authority.

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as a means of communicating with the people. Bodin believed that "the most divine, most excellent, and the state form most proper to royalty is governed partly aristocratically and partly democratically".

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incorporation of the occupied territory into the territory or political structure of the occupant, and the occupant's constitution and laws do not extend of their own force to the occupied territory.

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in many countries, including Belgium, France, Switzerland, Australia, Russia, South Korea, South Africa and the US, and soon in Ireland. The Committee is a private organisation governed by Swiss law.

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further division into those which assert that the people effectively transfer their sovereignty to the sovereign (Hobbes), and those which assert that the people retain their sovereignty (Rousseau).

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can be vested jointly in several persons within a state, the sovereign jurisdiction over a single political territory can be shared jointly by two or more consenting powers, notably in the form of a

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as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body or institution that has the ultimate authority over other people and to change existing laws. In

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A number of modes for acquisition of sovereignty are presently or have historically been recognized in international law as lawful methods by which a state may acquire sovereignty over external

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transfer of goods, services, and money, provides the ICRC with secure communication privileges at the same level as foreign embassies, and simplifies Committee travel in and out of Switzerland.

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In situations related to war, or which have arisen as the result of war, most modern scholars still commonly fail to distinguish between holding sovereignty and exercising military occupation.

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Sovereignty is a hypothetical trade, in which two potentially (or really) conflicting sides, respecting de facto realities of power, exchange such recognitions as their least costly strategy.

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Matteo Laruffa, "The European Integration and National Interests: from an intergovernmental model to a Constitutional Agreement" (Hungarian Academy of Social Sciences, Budapest, 3 July 2014)

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In any state sovereignty is vested in the institution, person, or body having the ultimate authority to impose law on everyone else in the state and the power to alter any pre-existing law.

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requires that "he admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be affected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council."

4065: 1604:"Sovereignty." A government which exercises de facto administrative control over a country and is not subordinate to any other government in that country or a foreign sovereign state. 2249:

had similar implications in China for the justification of the Emperor's rule, though it was largely replaced with discussions of Western-style sovereignty by the late 19th century.

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which governed Poland from 1945 to 1989 is now seen to have been an illegal entity by the modern Polish administration. The post-1989 Polish state claims direct continuity from the

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see sovereignty similarly to realists. However, rationalism states that the sovereignty of a nation-state may be violated in extreme circumstances, such as human rights abuses.

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rights, in this way becoming the only "sovereign" territorial possessions of the modern Order), which is the last existing heir to one of several once militarily significant,

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The concept of sovereignty has had multiple conflicting components, varying definitions, and diverse and inconsistent applications throughout history. The current notion of

1997:. The classification of these modes originally derived from Roman property law and from the 15th and 16th century with the development of international law. The modes are: 1641:, even though the treaty itself reaffirmed the multiple levels of the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Empire. This resulted as a natural extension of the older principle of 880:

Ulpian was expressing the idea that the emperor exercised a rather absolute form of sovereignty that originated in the people, although he did not use the term expressly.

797:– there is no other authority in the state aside from the domestic sovereign (such other authorities might be e.g. a political organization or any other external agent). 750:– "over") meaning "chief", "ruler". Its spelling, which has varied since the word's first appearance in English in the 14th century, was influenced by the English word " 1280:

or republics) represent legal infringements on exclusivity. Social institutions such as religious bodies, corporations, and competing political parties might represent

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argued that sovereignty had supremacy over constitutional and international constraints arguing that states as sovereigns could not be judged and punished. After the

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were regarded as sovereign despite their territories being under foreign occupation; their governance resumed as soon as the occupation had ended. The government of

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which ended in 1939. For other reasons, however, Poland maintains its communist-era outline as opposed to its pre-World War II shape which included areas now in

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Sovereignty may be recognized even when the sovereign body possesses no territory or its territory is under partial or total occupation by another power. The

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The secessionists claimed that according to the Constitution every state had the right to leave the Union. Lincoln claimed that they did not have that right.

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talked of a kind of "antisovereignty". Therefore, anarchists join a classical conception of the individual as sovereign of himself, which forms the basis of

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would have been regarded as illegitimate interference in internal affairs. In 2005, the revision of the concept of sovereignty was made explicit with the

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in modern governments is a lot more common with examples like the US, Canada, Australia and India where the government is divided into different levels.

1142:, the vast majority of states rejected the prior Westphalian permissiveness towards such supremacist power based sovereignty formulations and signed the 4466: 1095: 1842: 1599:

uses the following criterion when deciding under what conditions other states recognise a political entity as having sovereignty over some territory;

1412:). Alternatively, independence can be lost completely when sovereignty itself becomes the subject of dispute. The pre-World War II administrations of 6775: 6728: 1168: 1090:

are also key figures in the unfolding of the concept of sovereignty; their views differ with Rousseau and with Hobbes on this issue of alienability.

1004:, the idea of sovereignty gained both legal and moral force as the main Western description of the meaning and power of a State. In particular, the " 979:, the fundamental laws of the French monarchy which regulated matters such as succession, are natural laws and are binding on the French sovereign. 7143: 967:); natural law and divine law confer upon the sovereign the right to rule. And the sovereign is not above divine law or natural law. He is above ( 3944: 3855: 2525: 1784: 4882: 1810:

Likewise the member states of international organizations may voluntarily bind themselves by treaty to a supranational organization, such as a

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have attacked the legitimacy of the earlier concepts of sovereignty, with Maritain advocating that the concept be discarded entirely since it:

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sovereignty refers to the factual ability to do so. This can become an issue of special concern upon the failure of the usual expectation that

4069: 1164: 1476: 1160: 4726:. Columbia Studies in Political Thought / Political History. Translated by Cooper, Belinda (e-book ed.). Columbia University Press. 4168: 1540:

offered a first categorization of political authority and legitimacy with the categories of traditional, charismatic and legal-rational.

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refers to a representative democracy where the parliament is ultimately sovereign, rather than the executive power or the judiciary.

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Newton, Kenneth. Foundations of comparative politics: democracies of the modern world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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deny the sovereignty of states and governments. Anarchists often argue for a specific individual kind of sovereignty, such as the

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which resulted in the people of Scotland deciding to continue the pooling of its sovereignty with the rest of the United Kingdom.

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At the opposite end of the scale, there is no dispute regarding the self-governance of certain self-proclaimed states such as the

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from whom he can obtain advice, to delegate some power to magistrates for the practical administration of the law, and to use the

6903: 6898: 6893: 6825: 6465: 5767: 1491: 1247:. A sovereign power has absolute sovereignty when it is not restricted by a constitution, by the laws of its predecessors, or by 7158: 5886: 4674:

Beatrice Heuser: "Sovereignty, self-determination and security: new world orders in the 20th century", in Sohail Hashmi (ed.):

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Chen, Dean P. (2024). "Xi Jinping and the Derailment of the KMT-CCP "1992 Consensus"". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).

2010: 7163: 7153: 2895: 1303:, or legal, sovereignty concerns the expressed and institutionally recognised right to exercise control over a territory. 1214:" from such transnational governance groups and agreements, restoring the world to pre World War II norms of sovereignty. 7148: 7001: 6991: 6575: 6485: 2180: 2161: 2022: 806:, another fundamental feature of sovereignty is that it is a claim that must be recognized if it is to have any meaning: 6600: 3237: 1424:

maintained an exile existence (and considerable international recognition) whilst their territories were annexed by the

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based on a common ethnicity, history and culture might seek to establish sovereignty over a region, thus creating a

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Internal sovereignty is the relationship between sovereign power and the political community. A central concern is

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in 1948. It was the first step towards circumscription of the powers of sovereign nations, soon followed by the

1008:" as a mechanism for establishing sovereignty was suggested and, by 1800, widely accepted, especially in the new 4203:

Condominium Arrangements in International Practice: Reviving an Abandoned Concept of Boundary Dispute Resolution

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Another complicated sovereignty scenario can arise when regime itself is the subject of dispute. In the case of

1032:(1651) put forward a conception of sovereignty similar to Bodin's, which had just achieved legal status in the " 7130: 6885: 6702: 6555: 5441: 4375: 2466: 2186: 2169: 1925: 1521: 1356: 903:. Furthermore, both were strongly constrained by custom. Sovereignty existed during the Medieval period as the 652: 522: 300: 148: 6742: 6615: 5837: 4868: 4458: 2402: 2347: 2336: 1921: 1722: 860:

Cum lege regia, quae de imperio eius lata est, populus ei et in eum omne suum imperium et potestatem conferat

537: 1705:) and the second inside the Italian capital (since in 1869 the Palazzo di Malta and the Villa Malta receive 1391:, however, sovereignty can be transferred as a legal right whereas independence cannot. A state can achieve 6830: 6640: 6635: 6329: 5367: 5000: 4444: 1905: 1769: 1352: 286: 118: 89: 31: 1787:

is commonly mistaken to be sovereign. It has been granted various degrees of special privileges and legal

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External sovereignty concerns the relationship between sovereign power and other states. For example, the

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Mercenaries, pirates, and sovereigns: state-building and extraterritorial violence in early modern Europe

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Perpetual: Not temporarily delegated as to a strong leader in an emergency or a state employee such as a

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To a large extent, the original academic foundation for the concept of "military occupation" arose from

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Illegal Annexation and State Continuity: The Case of the Incorporation of the Baltic States by the USSR

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sovereignty. When control is practiced predominantly by the military or police force it is considered

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sovereign, at least not strongly so, because they were constrained by, and shared power with, their

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Minakov, Mikhail (2022). "Sovereignty as a Contested Concept: The Cases of Trumpism and Putinism".

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External sovereignty is connected with questions of international law – such as when, if ever, is

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Bodin rejected the notion of transference of sovereignty from people to the ruler (also known as

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argued that sovereignty in the UK was vested neither in the Crown nor in the people but in the "

5832: 5812: 5662: 5332: 4960: 4611: 4110: 3429: 3042:"The New United Nations Politics of Peace: From Juridical Sovereignty to Empirical Sovereignty" 3005: 2763: 2325: 1441: 692: 532: 474: 420: 5699: 4389: 4281: 3983: 1524:: by what right does a government exercise authority? Claims of legitimacy might refer to the 1408:

by any country, so sovereignty over it had not been claimed by any foreign state (despite the

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sovereignty exist at the place and time of concern, and reside within the same organization.

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The Right to Dominate: How Old Ideas About Sovereignty Pose New Challenges for World Order."

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is the acquisition of territory through natural processes like river accretion or volcanism;

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international organization endorsed a political or military action. Previously, actions in

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Once states are recognized as sovereign, they are rarely recolonized, merged, or dissolved.

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The treatise is frequently viewed as the first European text theorizing state sovereignty.

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Understanding British and European political issues : a guide for A2 politics studies

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the state whose citizens they are and that the respect for state sovereignty on which the

1920:, eleven slave states declared their independence from the federal Union and formed a new 1310: 930:, presented theories of sovereignty calling for a strong central authority in the form of 8: 7108: 7103: 6966: 6685: 6565: 6535: 6455: 5981: 5921: 5242: 5162: 4218:

Peterson, John (1997). "The European Union: Pooled Sovereignty, Divided Accountability".

4043: 3915: 3886: 3462:"A society of states: Or, Sovereignty, independence, and equality in a league of nations" 2371: 2262: 2052: 1909: 1834: 1729: 1721:(princes of the Holy Roman Empire) by the Holy Roman Emperor, granting them seats in the 1630: 1573: 1533: 1515: 1409: 1147: 1067: 1033: 900: 574: 484: 338: 240: 190: 128: 5729: 3664:"Populism, Sovereigntism, and the Unlikely Re-Emergence of the Territorial Nation-State" 3461: 2040:

is the process by which new land is (re)claimed from the sea such as in the Netherlands.

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contains four aspects: territory, population, authority and recognition. According to

612: 205: 6129: 3806:. Oxford Monographs in International Law Series. Oxford University Press. p. 50. 3289: 7204: 7073: 7038: 6981: 6949: 6866: 6660: 6605: 6445: 6234: 5896: 5822: 5797: 5599: 5401: 4814: 4793: 4771: 4727: 4708: 4650: 4576: 4554: 4528: 4395: 4371: 4347: 4314: 4287: 4260: 4239: 4206: 4145: 4116: 4019: 3834: 3807: 3772: 3737: 3690: 3630: 3578: 3542: 3519: 3497: 3361: 3323: 3269: 3210: 3177: 3158: 3138: 3061: 3057: 3009: 2959: 2935: 2915: 2874: 2724: 2703: 2681: 2633: 2596: 2563: 2481: 2471: 2443: 2392: 2319: 2246: 2238: 2155: 1897: 1811: 1761: 1753: 1651: 1252: 1244: 1211: 931: 892:, but sovereignty was an important concept in medieval times. Medieval monarchs were 703: 607: 281: 143: 138: 99: 72: 5714: 3996:

Andreas Osiander, "Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Westphalian Myth",

3575:

An Analysis of Seyla Benhabib's The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens

2354:, for instance, talked of "anarcho-monarchist" (as usual for him, tongue in cheek); 2322:

view sovereignty as being untouchable and as guaranteed to legitimate nation-states.

1473:

Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

1058:

Hobbes's theories decisively shape the concept of sovereignty through the medium of

940:("Six Books of the Republic") Bodin argued that it is inherent in the nature of the 7224: 7093: 7016: 6665: 6595: 6365: 6284: 6279: 6204: 6179: 6124: 6114: 6104: 6074: 6054: 6044: 5911: 5906: 5864: 5807: 5604: 5287: 5282: 5257: 5202: 5177: 4227: 3760: 3725: 3678: 3489: 3414: 3130: 3053: 2907: 2673: 2651:

Claims to supreme authority have long been encoded in Sovereignty as symbolic form.

2376: 2267: 2078: 1975: 1929: 1882: 1737: 1706: 1679: 1634: 1401: 1185: 941: 777:– actual control over a state exercised by an authority organized within this state 684: 557: 313: 167: 6269: 4625: 4391:

The UK Regional–National Economic Problem: Geography, globalisation and governance

2351: 2006:

is the transfer of territory from one state to another usually by means of treaty;

7053: 7048: 7043: 6961: 6722: 6395: 6314: 6274: 6244: 6229: 6194: 6189: 6159: 6134: 6119: 6094: 6079: 6014: 5991: 5976: 5961: 5946: 5817: 5772: 5757: 5747: 5569: 5564: 5421: 5416: 5396: 5384: 4808: 4785: 4763: 4751: 4702: 4570: 4548: 4310:

Sovereignty and the law : domestic, European, and international perspectives

4175: 4096:

Observer status for the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in the General Assembly

4013: 3828: 3703: 3577:(e-book ed.). London: Routledge- Taylor & Francis Group. p. 11,21. 2953: 2627: 2456: 2451: 2380: 2291: 2127: 1933: 1928:

as rebellion, declaring that secession from the Union by an individual state was

1870: 1529: 1277: 1230: 1059: 1005: 889: 763: 635: 617: 442: 427: 1206:

Efforts to curtail absolute sovereignty have met with substantial resistance by

6850: 6712: 6620: 6610: 6339: 6214: 6199: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6109: 6084: 6039: 6019: 5881: 5852: 5827: 5782: 5762: 5724: 5679: 5559: 5549: 5406: 5237: 5050: 4492: 2813: 2486: 2406: 2355: 2343: 1830: 1733: 1710: 1664: 1596: 1471:

Additionally sovereignty can be achieved without independence, such as how the

1449: 1115: 707: 680: 513: 432: 386: 328: 3764: 3751:

Núñez, Jorge Emilio (2015). "of Absolute State Sovereignty: The Middle Ages".

3729: 3682: 3134: 2808: 2245:

was an important competing justification for the exercise of sovereignty. The

1772:

until 1971, when the People's Republic of China obtained the UN seat. The ROC

1718: 7239: 6645: 6475: 6385: 6334: 6304: 6294: 6224: 6219: 6209: 6069: 6059: 6049: 6024: 5891: 5869: 5787: 5694: 5667: 5652: 5594: 5277: 3214: 3142: 3119:"Sovereignty and Underdevelopment: Juridical Statehood in the African Crisis" 3065: 2919: 2567: 2519: 2254: 2015: 1901: 1826: 1800: 1757: 1263:

A key element of sovereignty in a legalistic sense is that of exclusivity of

1207: 1023: 1009: 855: 437: 415: 390: 220: 44: 39: 4231: 2282:). Many representative democracies provide limited direct democracy through 7113: 7033: 6986: 6625: 6309: 6299: 6289: 6154: 6149: 6089: 6064: 6034: 6029: 5936: 5931: 5777: 5657: 5391: 5327: 5197: 5187: 5182: 5101: 5091: 5035: 4925: 3511: 3483: 2695: 2667: 2496: 2207: 2044: 1956: 1866: 1684: 1675: 1495: 1425: 1388: 1264: 1251:, and no areas of law or policy are reserved as being outside its control. 1248: 1135: 1100: 972: 919: 837: 739: 200: 6753: 4704:

A Search for Sovereignty: Law and Geography in European Empires, 1400–1900

4283:

British government and politics balancing Europeanization and independence

2278:

or an executive (or to some combination of the legislature, executive and

1629:, a European religious conflict that embroiled much of the continent, the 7199: 7058: 6971: 6956: 6871: 6324: 6319: 6254: 6249: 6099: 5971: 5926: 5916: 5709: 5704: 5642: 5579: 5362: 5337: 5262: 5222: 5192: 5167: 5147: 5126: 5106: 5086: 5076: 4910: 4606: 4066:"Bilateral diplomatic relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta" 2413: 2366: 2275: 2065: 1689: 1087: 469: 372: 360: 225: 4835: 4770:. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire New York, N.Y: Palgrave Macmillan. 4572:

Recentering the World: China and the Transformation of International Law

3535:"Contested sovereignty: the social construction of colonial imperialism" 3493: 3222: 3198: 3073: 3041: 2979:

Biersteker, Thomas J., ed. (2013). "State, sovereignty, and territory".

2677: 2575: 2550: 630: 7083: 6707: 6515: 6415: 6264: 6184: 5956: 5847: 5689: 5632: 5609: 5574: 5523: 5513: 5481: 5426: 5252: 5232: 5157: 5121: 5025: 5010: 4935: 4860: 4523:. International politics/Public international law. Routledge. pp. 3199:"Explaining the Post-Cold War Order: An International Society Approach" 2927: 2632:. Critical Issues in Global Politics. New York: Routledge. p. 16. 2501: 2360: 2283: 2274:

permits a transfer of the exercise of sovereignty from the people to a

1698: 1633:

in 1648 established the notion of territorial sovereignty as a norm of

1487: 1359: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1152: 1083: 953: 923: 594: 584: 579: 318: 180: 62: 3485:

The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change

3150: 3118: 2669:

The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change

7189: 6944: 6405: 6344: 5901: 5544: 5471: 5456: 5377: 5297: 5292: 5217: 5172: 5152: 5131: 5116: 5096: 5081: 4945: 4905: 3627:

Inventing Majorities: Ideological Creativity in Post-Soviet Societies

2388: 2279: 1994: 1776:

as a state became increasingly disputed; it became commonly known as

1549: 1537: 1453: 1417: 1269: 1139: 897: 695: 676: 479: 377: 260: 215: 195: 4676:

State Sovereignty: Change and Persistence in International Relations

3716:

Núñez, Jorge Emilio (2014). "About the Absolute State Sovereignty".

3533:

Strang, David (1996), Weber, Cynthia; Biersteker, Thomas J. (eds.),

2911: 2870:

Problematic Sovereignty: Contested Rules and Political Possibilities

1760:

from 1911 to 1971 despite the 1949 victory of the Communists in the

1334: 6996: 6934: 6913: 6680: 6259: 5996: 5589: 5554: 5528: 5508: 5461: 5272: 5227: 5111: 5015: 5005: 4970: 4940: 4724:

Sovereignty: The Origin and Future of a Political and Legal Concept

2518: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 2461: 2387:. The unified consciousness is sovereignty over one's own body, as 2088: 2026:

is the effective control of territory of another acquiescing state;

1671: 1457: 1305: 850: 718: 688: 602: 562: 245: 230: 210: 79: 4338:

Identity and institutions: conflict reduction in divided societies

1814:. In the case of the European Union member-states, this is called 1464:

but did not include some of its western regions that were then in

1099:(1762) deals with sovereignty and its rights. Sovereignty, or the 6717: 6630: 5518: 5486: 5476: 5247: 5207: 5040: 4965: 4950: 4930: 4849: 2002: 1503: 1465: 1461: 1445: 1421: 1405: 1299: 1233:(30-03-1858 – 07-10-1919), an authority on international law 905: 712: 517: 175: 58: 2270:

the public plays an active role in shaping and deciding policy.

815:

in parts of Europe were allowed to engage in private rights and

7088: 6976: 5466: 5267: 5055: 5030: 5020: 4990: 4975: 3706:, International Law 66 (Sir Arnold D. McNair ed., 4th ed. 1928) 1979:

regarded as being declaratory of the laws and customs of war."

1777: 1741: 1499: 1433: 1413: 1013: 984: 841: 699: 567: 509: 407: 4015:

Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference

1752:

occupation of its country during 1990–1991. The government of

1732:

of many European states (for instance, Norway, Netherlands or

7063: 6820: 5496: 4985: 4920: 4490: 3488:. Vol. 176. Princeton University Press. pp. 18–19. 2150: 2070: 2014:

is the acquisition of territory that belongs to no state (or

1697:, the third sovereign entity inside Italian territory (after 1479:

a sovereign entity within but not independent from the USSR.

751: 54: 53:(1651), depicting the Sovereign as a massive body wielding a 770:, the term could also be understood in four different ways: 6840: 5491: 4915: 4307:

Rawlings, Richard; Leyland, Peter; Young, Alison L (2013).

3174:

Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance

2672:. Vol. 176. Princeton University Press. pp. 3–7. 2216: restrictions on national jurisdiction and sovereignty 2074: 1932:, as the states were part of an indissoluble federation in 1749: 1674:

was in this position between the annexation in 1870 of the

1397: 7120: 5060: 4955: 4550:

The Sleeping Sovereign: The Invention of Modern Democracy

4115:. Vol. 4. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1559. 1939: 1196:

stands in the way of international law and a world state,

1038: 1821:

Another example of shared and pooled sovereignty is the

1387:

State sovereignty is sometimes viewed synonymously with

3596: 3594: 2339:

is founded is an obstacle to humanitarian intervention.

783:– actual control of movement across the state's borders 3643: 4112:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of International Relations

3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 2827: 1622:

by one country into another's territory permissible?

4792:. Exeter, UK Charlottesville, VA: Imprint Academic. 4678:(Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press, 1997). 4306: 4286:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 134. 4189:"About the International Committee of the Red Cross" 3591: 3437:. Jonathan Bennett – via earlymoderntexts.com. 2433: 1873:

rather than as fully sovereign, independent states.

1243:

An important factor of sovereignty is its degree of

4519:

Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law

3671:

Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences

3606: 3554: 4806: 4516: 4335: 4207:https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol29/iss4/3 3022: 2997: 2828: 2589:Law, Jonathan, ed. (21 June 2018). "Sovereignty". 2549: 1096:Du Contrat Social, ou Principes du droit politique 4360: 4205:, 29 Mich. J. Int'l L. 727 (2008). Available at: 4018:. Princeton University Press. pp. 182, 219. 3709: 1756:(ROC) was generally recognized as sovereign over 1202:obstructs the democratic notion of accountability 7237: 4758:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2551:"Sovereignty: An Introduction and Brief History" 2417:deference to either the good of the whole or to 2060:Limits of national jurisdiction and sovereignty 1124: 872:A decision by the emperor has the force of law. 716:sovereignty refers to the legal right to do so; 4768:Sovereignties: contemporary theory and practice 4491:United States Court of Berlin (14 March 1979), 3803:Recognition of Governments in International Law 2951: 1613:, A.C. 256), Stroud's Judicial Dictionary 1324: 1199:internally results in centralism, not pluralism 6826:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 4700: 4575:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32, 52, 63. 3407:Cole, G.D.H.; Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2018) . 3116: 1556: 789:– formal recognition by other sovereign states 6769: 4876: 4334:Jesse, Neal G.; Williams, Kristen P. (2005). 4333: 4011: 3572: 3354:One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty 3316:One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty 3176:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–10. 3117:Jackson, Robert H.; Rosberg, Carl G. (1986). 1861:A community of people who claim the right of 1210:movements in multiple countries who seek to " 653: 5382: 4259:. Manchester University Press. p. 207. 4076: 3464:. G. Routledge & sons, Limited. p. 3406: 2873:. Columbia University Press. pp. 6–12. 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 1924:. The United States government rejected the 1477:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 706:, sovereignty is the exercise of power by a 6783: 5318: 4585: 3470:there is no law without a sovereign Seydel. 3459: 2995: 2952:Biersteker, Thomas; Weber, Cynthia (1996). 1869:. Such nations are sometimes recognised as 1717:. In 1607 its Grand masters were also made 1272:proposed that sovereignty is a community's 1093:The second book of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's 6776: 6762: 4883: 4869: 4784: 4762: 4722:Grimm, Dieter (2015). Howard, Dick (ed.). 4252: 3744: 3541:, Cambridge University Press, p. 25, 3453: 2978: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2614:sovereignty Supreme authority in a state. 2523: 1637:in the affairs of other states, so-called 874:Quod principi placuit legis habet vigorem. 660: 646: 6841:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 4514: 4342:. State Univ. of New York Press. p. 4012:Burbank, Jane; Cooper, Frederick (2010). 4002:Vol. 55 No. 2 (Spring 2001), pp. 251–287. 3795: 3793: 3791: 3629:. Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag. p. 286. 3460:Stallybrass, William Teulon Swan (1918). 3345: 2747: 2723:. Oxford University Press. 21 June 2018. 2625: 1976:Nuremberg International Military Tribunal 1576:". This is the origin of the doctrine of 1375:Learn how and when to remove this message 926:, partly in reaction to the chaos of the 679:. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within a 4890: 4749: 4217: 4169:does not recognize ICRC issued passports 4138:China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment 3913: 3884: 3600: 3427: 3380: 3307: 3238:"1 Sovereignty in International Society" 3196: 2547: 1785:International Committee of the Red Cross 38: 6846:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 6466:Reflections on the Revolution in France 4618: 4313:. Oxford University Press. p. 28. 3826: 3624: 3351: 3313: 3261: 3039: 2866: 2855: 2316:consider every individual as sovereign. 1492:List of states with limited recognition 1287: 1274:monopoly on the legitimate use of force 1217: 995: 14: 7238: 4553:. Cambridge University Press. p. 100. 4469:from the original on 16 September 2020 4387: 4279: 3916:"War, Peace, and Internal Sovereignty" 3887:"War, Peace, and Internal Sovereignty" 3833:. M. Nijhoff Publishers. p. 193. 3799: 3788: 3661: 3612: 3573:Ozcelik, Burcu; Xidias, Jason (2017). 3532: 3481: 2867:Krasner, Professor Stephen D. (2001). 2665: 1971:(and accompanying Hague Regulations). 1940:Sovereignty versus military occupation 6757: 4864: 4721: 4370:(London: Routledge, 3rd edn., 2002), 4129: 4108: 4102: 3750: 3715: 3649: 3560: 3539:State Sovereignty as Social Construct 3171: 3123:The Journal of Modern African Studies 3089:Coercion, Capital and European States 2955:State Sovereignty as Social Construct 2947: 2945: 2893: 2260:Democracy is based on the concept of 2222: international jurisdiction per 2148: 1851:2014 Scottish independence referendum 1400:was overrun by foreign forces in the 1144:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4135: 3982:. Palgrave Macmillan. Archived from 3951:. Palgrave Macmillan. Archived from 3862:. Palgrave Macmillan. Archived from 3235: 3203:International Journal on World Peace 2849:participating institution membership 2661: 2659: 2534:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1904:, as it related to the expansion of 1794: 1357:adding citations to reliable sources 1328: 738:The term arises from the unattested 675:can generally be defined as supreme 27:Supreme authority within a territory 6576:The End of History and the Last Man 6486:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 4756:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4643: 3973: 3942: 3853: 3387:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3262:Hinsley, F. H. (20 November 1986). 3101: 2982:Handbook of international relations 2588: 24: 6919:International relations since 1989 6909:Diplomatic history of World War II 6831:International Criminal Court (ICC) 4694: 3410:The Social Contract and Discourses 2942: 2524:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 1591:Sovereign state § Recognition 888:Ulpian's statements were known in 865:The laws do not bind the emperor. 25: 7262: 7215:International political sociology 4828: 3753:International Journal for the Law 3342:Bodin, Six livres, 6:254 (VI:vi). 3086: 3004:. Duke University Press. p. 2900:American Political Science Review 2710: 2656: 2228: 1695:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 848:The people transferred all their 528:Biology and political orientation 6546:The Open Society and Its Enemies 4848: 4834: 4569:Mitchell, Ryan Martínez (2022). 3428:Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2017) . 3413:. Project Gutenberg – via 3058:10.1163/19426720-001-01-90000007 2556:Journal of International Affairs 2513: 2436: 2397:Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle 2348:Anarch as a sovereign individual 2058: 1856: 1847:Government of the United Kingdom 1839:devolution in the United Kingdom 1678:by Italy and the signing of the 1333: 909:rights of nobility and royalty. 746:(itself a derived form of Latin 629: 7210:International political economy 5353:Family as a model for the state 4790:Sovereignty: history and theory 4681: 4668: 4600: 4563: 4541: 4508: 4484: 4451: 4433: 4408: 4381: 4327: 4300: 4273: 4246: 4211: 4195: 4181: 4158: 4083:United Nations General Assembly 4058: 4032: 4005: 3990: 3967: 3936: 3907: 3878: 3847: 3820: 3779: 3697: 3655: 3618: 3566: 3526: 3475: 3441: 3421: 3400: 3374: 3336: 3282: 3255: 3236:Zaum, Dominik (February 2007). 3229: 3190: 3165: 3110: 3095: 3080: 2989: 2972: 2887: 2119:Exclusive Economic Zone surface 1344:needs additional citations for 1238: 937:Les Six Livres de la République 787:International legal sovereignty 6703:Separation of church and state 6601:Collectivism and individualism 6556:The Origins of Totalitarianism 4813:. Princeton University Press. 4707:. Cambridge University Press. 4448:, (1988) pp. 40, 195, 214, 241 4167:On the other hand Switzerland 3381:Philpott, Daniel (Fall 2020). 2996:Wallerstein, Immanuel (2004). 2958:. Cambridge University Press. 2821: 2801: 2783: 2626:Bartelson, Jens (9 May 2014). 2619: 2582: 2541: 2467:Islamic concept of sovereignty 1982: 1876: 1309:sovereignty means sovereignty 1284:infringements on exclusivity. 1258: 912: 523:Theories of political behavior 149:Political history of the world 13: 1: 6743:Category:Political philosophy 6616:Critique of political economy 4839:The dictionary definition of 4497:, United Settlement (Canada). 3914:Wolford, Scott; Rider, Toby. 3885:Wolford, Scott; Rider, Toby. 3718:International Journal for Law 2507: 2403:sovereignty of the individual 2177:Continental shelf underground 2122:international waters surface 1912:, led to the outbreak of the 1896:Different interpretations of 1125:Post World War II world order 1066:'s (1712–1778) definition of 538:Critique of political economy 7178:Related fields and subfields 6641:Institutional discrimination 6636:History of political thought 5368:Negative and positive rights 2896:"The Problem of Sovereignty" 2629:Sovereignty as Symbolic Form 1766:retreat of the ROC to Taiwan 1325:Sovereignty and independence 867:Princeps legibus solutus est 831: 733: 119:Outline of political science 32:Sovereignty (disambiguation) 7: 6651:Justification for the state 6436:Two Treatises of Government 4807:Thomson, Janice E. (1996). 4280:Mannin, Michael L. (2010). 2894:Korff, Baron S. A. (1923). 2595:. Oxford University Press. 2429: 2363:: Or, The Crowned Anarchist 2237:During the brief period of 2093:territorial waters airspace 1953:On the Law of War and Peace 1770:China at the United Nations 1744:was in a similar situation 1584: 1557:Modern internal sovereignty 1509: 1438:People's Republic of Poland 1070:(with early antecedents in 883: 781:Interdependence sovereignty 757: 10: 7267: 7220:Peace and conflict studies 6836:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 5321:Bellum omnium contra omnes 4745:International Organization 4394:. Routledge. p. 372. 3999:International Organization 3662:Kallis, Aristotle (2018). 3197:Pietrzyk, Mark E. (2001). 2224:common heritage of mankind 2181:extended continental shelf 2162:extended continental shelf 2113:territorial waters surface 1989:Acquisition of sovereignty 1986: 1918:1860 presidential election 1837:, created in 1998 through 1588: 1560: 1513: 1153:Yugoslavia, Bosnia, Kosovo 944:that sovereignty must be: 826: 124:Index of politics articles 29: 7177: 7129: 6927: 6884: 6859: 6813: 6804: 6791: 6738: 6588: 6357: 6005: 5738: 5618: 5537: 5449: 5440: 5306: 5140: 5069: 4898: 4515:Malanczuk, Peter (1997). 4253:McNaughton, Neil (2003). 4109:Nolan, Cathal J. (2002). 3765:10.1007/s11196-014-9379-4 3730:10.1007/s11196-013-9333-x 3683:10.1007/s40647-018-0233-z 3358:Stanford University Press 3320:Stanford University Press 3135:10.1017/S0022278X0000673X 3040:Barnett, Michael (1995). 2985:. Sage. pp. 245–272. 2836:Oxford English Dictionary 2814:Dictionary.com Unabridged 2548:Philpott, Daniel (1995). 2298:Parliamentary sovereignty 2197: 2193: 2176: 2166: 2154: 2141: 2136: 2126: 2121: 2098: 2086: 2064: 1644:cuius regio, eius religio 1578:parliamentary sovereignty 1177:Responsibility to Protect 691:term designating supreme 6526:The Revolt of the Masses 3482:Spruyt, Hendrik (1994). 3172:North, Douglass (1990). 2764:"sovereignty (politics)" 2666:Spruyt, Hendrik (1994). 2303: 2272:Representative democracy 2096:contiguous zone airspace 1902:United States of America 1080:representative democracy 7195:Foreign policy analysis 7007:International community 6785:International relations 6506:The Communist Manifesto 5432:Tyranny of the majority 5343:Consent of the governed 4701:Benton, Lauren (2010). 4594:Encyclopædia Britannica 4420:Encyclopædia Britannica 4388:McCann, Philip (2016). 4232:10.1111/1467-9248.00096 4142:Leiden University Press 3827:Mälksoo, Lauri (2003). 3800:Talmon, Stefan (1998). 3450:, Book II, Chapter III. 2841:Oxford University Press 2769:Encyclopædia Britannica 2492:Self-sovereign identity 2391:demonstrated (see also 2385:political consciousness 2138:Exclusive economic zone 2116:contiguous zone surface 2110:internal waters surface 2099:international airspace 1639:Westphalian sovereignty 1494:, but most of them are 1076:constitutional monarchy 934:. In his 1576 treatise 928:French wars of religion 794:Westphalian sovereignty 533:Political organisations 296:International relations 134:Politics by subdivision 5383: 5333:Clash of civilizations 5319: 4853:Quotations related to 4750:Philpott, Dan (2016). 4615:(1748), Bk. II, ch. 1. 4612:The Spirit of the Laws 4547:Tuck, Richard (2016). 4459:"Lincoln on Secession" 3352:Laikwan, Pang (2024). 3314:Laikwan, Pang (2024). 3294:www.tititudorancea.com 3000:World-Systems Analysis 2257:who is not a monarch. 1799:Just as the office of 1768:. The ROC represented 1606: 1442:Second Polish Republic 1227: 812: 65: 5348:Divine right of kings 4463:National Park Service 4445:Battle Cry of Freedom 4368:A History of Scotland 4085: Session 48 4040:"UN Chart, Article 2" 2531:Catholic Encyclopedia 2243:divine right of kings 1602: 1561:Further information: 1526:divine right of kings 1514:Further information: 1222: 1064:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 808: 613:Political campaigning 353:Public administration 186:Collective leadership 61:and composed of many 42: 7185:Comparative politics 6496:Democracy in America 5875:political philosophy 5858:political philosophy 5673:political philosophy 5502:political philosophy 5412:Separation of powers 5373:Night-watchman state 5358:Monopoly on violence 4892:Political philosophy 3104:Comparative Politics 2477:National sovereignty 2342:Anarchists and some 2206: full national 2187:international seabed 2170:international seabed 2143:international waters 2031:Operations of nature 1886:system of government 1816:"pooled sovereignty" 1730:governments-in-exile 1404:, Iraq had not been 1353:improve this article 1319:coercive sovereignty 1218:Definition and types 1190:Bertrand de Jouvenel 1020:to a lesser extent. 1002:Age of Enlightenment 996:Age of Enlightenment 804:Immanuel Wallerstein 775:Domestic sovereignty 463:Separation of powers 334:Political psychology 309:Comparative politics 287:political scientists 274:Academic disciplines 154:Political philosophy 43:The frontispiece of 30:For other uses, see 6967:Collective security 6851:United Nations (UN) 6686:Right-wing politics 6566:A Theory of Justice 6536:The Road to Serfdom 6456:The Social Contract 5163:Christian democracy 4740:Paris, R. (2020). " 4174:10 May 2011 at the 4072:on 3 December 2015. 3986:on 20 January 2012. 3955:on 24 December 2011 3866:on 24 December 2011 3494:10.2307/j.ctvzxx91t 3431:The Social Contract 2839:(Online ed.). 2793:Collins' Dictionary 2720:A Dictionary of Law 2678:10.2307/j.ctvzxx91t 2592:A Dictionary of Law 2372:The Ego and Its Own 2263:popular sovereignty 2239:absolute monarchies 2081:, and their orbits) 2061: 1910:fugitive slave laws 1835:Scottish Government 1631:Peace of Westphalia 1611:The Arantzazu Mendi 1574:Queen-in-Parliament 1534:popular sovereignty 1516:Free state (polity) 1410:facts on the ground 1148:Genocide Convention 1068:popular sovereignty 1034:Peace of Westphalia 971:not bound by) only 687:, sovereignty is a 636:Politics portal 485:Election commission 456:Government branches 339:Political sociology 191:Confessional system 129:Politics by country 6698:Political violence 6693:Political theology 6676:Left-wing politics 6671:Political spectrum 4191:. 29 October 2010. 4046:on 8 December 2013 3976:"Political Theory" 3945:"Political Theory" 3856:"Political Theory" 2310:Classical liberals 2133:territorial waters 2059: 1965:Emmerich de Vattel 1961:The Law of Nations 1914:American Civil War 1863:self-determination 1825:which created the 1823:Acts of Union 1707 1703:Vatican City State 1563:Tribal sovereignty 1502:and the second by 1484:Republic of Kosovo 1311:exists in practice 1132:National Socialist 768:Stephen D. Krasner 319:Political analysis 251:Semi-parliamentary 66: 18:Shared sovereignty 7233: 7232: 7205:International law 7074:Right of conquest 7039:National interest 6982:Deterrence theory 6880: 6879: 6867:League of Nations 6751: 6750: 6661:Philosophy of law 6606:Conflict theories 6446:The Spirit of Law 6353: 6352: 5402:Original position 4820:978-0-691-02571-1 4714:978-0-521-88105-0 4465:. 10 April 2015. 4220:Political Studies 4201:Joel H. Samuels, 4098: A/RES/48/265 4025:978-0-691-12708-8 3974:Heywood, Andrew. 3943:Heywood, Andrew. 3854:Heywood, Andrew. 3652:, pp. 50–56. 3548:978-0-521-56599-8 3503:978-0-691-03356-3 3106:. pp. 33–42. 3091:. pp. 67–95. 3046:Global Governance 2847:(Subscription or 2730:978-0-19-880252-5 2687:978-0-691-03356-3 2602:978-0-19-880252-5 2482:Plenary authority 2472:Mandate of Heaven 2444:Philosophy portal 2393:Pierre Klossowski 2332:Internationalists 2247:Mandate of Heaven 2201: 2200: 2156:Continental shelf 2082: 2069:(including Earth 1898:state sovereignty 1829:now known as the 1812:continental union 1795:Shared and pooled 1762:Chinese civil war 1754:Republic of China 1652:international law 1627:Thirty Years' War 1385: 1384: 1377: 1253:International law 1212:take back control 1106:Rousseau, in the 1016:, though also in 932:absolute monarchy 854:and power to the 764:state sovereignty 704:international law 670: 669: 618:Political parties 558:Electoral systems 282:Political science 256:Semi-presidential 168:Political systems 144:Political history 139:Political economy 63:individual people 16:(Redirected from 7258: 7225:Security studies 7017:Internationality 7012:Internationalism 6811: 6810: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6755: 6754: 6666:Political ethics 6656:Machiavellianism 6596:Authoritarianism 6581: 6571: 6561: 6551: 6541: 6531: 6521: 6511: 6501: 6491: 6481: 6471: 6461: 6451: 6441: 6431: 6421: 6411: 6401: 6391: 6381: 6371: 5447: 5446: 5388: 5324: 5314:Balance of power 5288:Social democracy 5283:Social Darwinism 5258:Multiculturalism 5203:Environmentalism 5178:Communitarianism 4885: 4878: 4871: 4862: 4861: 4852: 4838: 4824: 4803: 4786:Prokhovnik, Raia 4781: 4764:Prokhovnik, Raia 4759: 4737: 4718: 4688: 4685: 4679: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4622: 4616: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4589: 4583: 4567: 4561: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4522: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4474: 4455: 4449: 4440:McPherson, James 4437: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4385: 4379: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4341: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4215: 4209: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4185: 4179: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4106: 4100: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4068:. 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Another case, 1680:Lateran Treaties 1614: 1402:Iraq War of 2003 1380: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1360: 1337: 1329: 1278:federated states 1234: 1186:Jacques Maritain 1072:Francisco Suárez 685:political theory 662: 655: 648: 634: 633: 424: 369: 324:Political theory 314:Election science 304: 290: 68: 67: 21: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7236: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7173: 7164:Postcolonialism 7125: 7054:Non-state actor 7049:Non-belligerent 7044:Neutral country 7029:Interventionism 6962:Co-belligerence 6923: 6876: 6855: 6800: 6787: 6782: 6752: 6747: 6734: 6723:Totalitarianism 6584: 6579: 6569: 6559: 6549: 6539: 6529: 6519: 6509: 6499: 6489: 6479: 6469: 6459: 6449: 6439: 6429: 6419: 6409: 6399: 6396:Treatise on Law 6389: 6379: 6369: 6349: 6007: 6001: 5740: 5734: 5620: 5614: 5533: 5436: 5422:State of nature 5417:Social contract 5397:Ordered liberty 5385:Noblesse oblige 5302: 5136: 5065: 4894: 4889: 4831: 4821: 4800: 4778: 4734: 4715: 4697: 4695:Further reading 4692: 4691: 4686: 4682: 4673: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4655:Merriam-Webster 4649: 4648: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4605: 4601: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4568: 4564: 4546: 4542: 4535: 4513: 4509: 4500: 4498: 4489: 4485: 4472: 4470: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4422: 4416:"Confederation" 4414: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4365: 4361: 4354: 4332: 4328: 4321: 4305: 4301: 4294: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4251: 4247: 4216: 4212: 4200: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4176:Wayback Machine 4166: 4163: 4159: 4152: 4134: 4130: 4123: 4107: 4103: 4081: 4077: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4010: 4006: 3995: 3991: 3972: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3918: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3889: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3825: 3821: 3814: 3798: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3749: 3745: 3714: 3710: 3704:Lassa Oppenheim 3702: 3698: 3666: 3660: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3592: 3585: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3531: 3527: 3504: 3480: 3476: 3458: 3454: 3448:Social Contract 3446: 3442: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3268:. 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605: 600: 599: 598: 582: 577: 572: 571: 570: 560: 554: 550: 549: 548: 545: 544: 541: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 507: 501: 498:Related topics 497: 496: 495: 492: 491: 488: 487: 482: 477: 472: 466: 465: 459: 455: 454: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 440: 435: 433:Foreign policy 430: 425: 412: 406: 405: 404: 401: 400: 397: 396: 395: 394: 380: 375: 370: 357: 351: 350: 349: 346: 345: 342: 341: 336: 331: 329:Policy studies 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 294: 292: 280: 277: 273: 272: 271: 268: 267: 264: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 172: 166: 165: 164: 161: 160: 157: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 115: 112:Primary topics 111: 110: 109: 106: 105: 103: 102: 97: 92: 86: 83: 82: 76: 75: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7263: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7176: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 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6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6646:Jurisprudence 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6568: 6567: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6527: 6523: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6498: 6497: 6493: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6478: 6477: 6476:Rights of Man 6473: 6468: 6467: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6453: 6448: 6447: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6433: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6397: 6393: 6388: 6387: 6386:De re publica 6383: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6356: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6006:20th and 21st 6004: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5739:18th and 19th 5737: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5595:Nizam al-Mulk 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5278:Republicanism 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4886: 4881: 4879: 4874: 4872: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4856: 4851: 4847: 4845:at Wiktionary 4844: 4843: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4822: 4816: 4812: 4811: 4805: 4801: 4799:9781845401412 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4777:9781403913234 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4752:"Sovereignty" 4748: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4733:9780231539302 4729: 4725: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4684: 4677: 4671: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4595: 4588: 4582: 4581:9781108690157 4578: 4574: 4573: 4566: 4560: 4559:9781316425503 4556: 4552: 4551: 4544: 4536: 4534:9780415111201 4530: 4526: 4521: 4520: 4511: 4496: 4495: 4494:U.S. v. Tiede 4487: 4480: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4447: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4403: 4401:9781317237174 4397: 4393: 4392: 4384: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4355: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4339: 4330: 4322: 4316: 4312: 4311: 4303: 4295: 4293:9780742567771 4289: 4285: 4284: 4276: 4268: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4190: 4184: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4161: 4153: 4151:9789087284411 4147: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4124: 4122:9780313323836 4118: 4114: 4113: 4105: 4099: 4097: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4027: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4008: 4001: 4000: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3970: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3895: 3888: 3881: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3842: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3823: 3815: 3813:9780198265733 3809: 3805: 3804: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3646: 3638: 3636:9783838216416 3632: 3628: 3621: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3601:Philpott 2016 3597: 3595: 3586: 3584:9781912284870 3580: 3576: 3569: 3563:, p. 57. 3562: 3557: 3550: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3478: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3444: 3433: 3432: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3403: 3388: 3384: 3383:"Sovereignty" 3377: 3369: 3367:9781503638815 3363: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3339: 3331: 3329:9781503638815 3325: 3322:. p. 9. 3321: 3317: 3310: 3295: 3291: 3290:"Sovereignty" 3285: 3277: 3275:9780521339889 3271: 3267: 3266: 3258: 3243: 3239: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3185: 3183:9780521397346 3179: 3175: 3168: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3113: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3083: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3017: 3015:9780822334422 3011: 3007: 3002: 3001: 2992: 2984: 2983: 2975: 2967: 2965:9780521565998 2961: 2957: 2956: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2882: 2880:9780231121798 2876: 2872: 2871: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2830:"Sovereignty" 2824: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2804: 2796: 2794: 2786: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2743: 2732: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2662: 2660: 2652: 2641: 2639:9781317685838 2635: 2631: 2630: 2622: 2615: 2604: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2521: 2520:public domain 2512: 2511: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2434: 2427: 2420: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2352:Salvador Dalí 2349: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2258: 2256: 2255:head of state 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2225: 2209: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2017: 2016:terra nullius 2013: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1990: 1980: 1977: 1974:In 1946, the 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1922:confederation 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1857:Nation-states 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827:unitary state 1824: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1801:head of state 1792: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1736:) during the 1735: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1713:of sovereign 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1592: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1564: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1517: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1496:puppet states 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1379: 1376: 1368: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1342:This section 1340: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1301: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1235: 1232: 1226: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1208:sovereigntist 1201: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1181: 1180:sovereignty. 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114:According to 1112: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1024:Thomas Hobbes 1021: 1019: 1018:Great Britain 1015: 1011: 1010:United States 1007: 1003: 993: 990: 986: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 965:the sovereign 961: 955: 951: 947: 946: 945: 943: 939: 938: 933: 929: 925: 921: 910: 908: 907: 902: 899: 895: 891: 881: 875: 871: 868: 864: 861: 857: 853: 852: 847: 846: 845: 843: 839: 824: 820: 818: 811: 807: 805: 796: 795: 791: 788: 785: 782: 779: 776: 773: 772: 771: 769: 765: 755: 753: 749: 745: 741: 731: 729: 725: 721: 720: 715: 714: 709: 705: 701: 697: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 663: 658: 656: 651: 649: 644: 643: 641: 640: 637: 632: 627: 626: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 596: 592: 588: 587: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 569: 566: 565: 564: 561: 559: 556: 555: 547: 546: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 515: 511: 508: 506: 503: 502: 494: 493: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 467: 464: 461: 460: 452: 451: 444: 441: 439: 438:Civil society 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 422: 417: 416:Public policy 414: 413: 409: 403: 402: 392: 388: 384: 383: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 367: 362: 359: 358: 354: 348: 347: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 302: 297: 293: 288: 283: 279: 278: 270: 269: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 236:Parliamentary 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 221:Hybrid regime 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 173: 169: 163: 162: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 116: 108: 107: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 87: 85: 84: 81: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 64: 60: 56: 52: 51: 46: 45:Thomas Hobbes 41: 37: 33: 19: 7104:Multilateral 7078: 7034:Isolationism 6987:Expansionism 6727: 6626:Elite theory 6574: 6564: 6554: 6544: 6534: 6524: 6514: 6504: 6494: 6484: 6474: 6464: 6454: 6444: 6434: 6424: 6414: 6404: 6394: 6384: 6374: 6364: 5663:Guicciardini 5619:Early modern 5442:Philosophers 5392:Open society 5328:Body politic 5198:Distributism 5188:Conservatism 5183:Confucianism 5102:Gerontocracy 5092:Dictatorship 5046:Sovereignty‎ 5045: 5036:Ruling class 4926:Emancipation 4911:Citizenship‎ 4857:at Wikiquote 4841: 4809: 4789: 4767: 4755: 4744: 4723: 4703: 4683: 4675: 4670: 4658:. Retrieved 4654: 4645: 4633:. Retrieved 4629: 4620: 4610: 4602: 4593: 4592:"Republic". 4587: 4571: 4565: 4549: 4543: 4518: 4510: 4499:, retrieved 4493: 4486: 4478: 4471:. Retrieved 4462: 4453: 4443: 4435: 4423:. Retrieved 4419: 4410: 4390: 4383: 4367: 4362: 4337: 4329: 4309: 4302: 4282: 4275: 4255: 4248: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4202: 4197: 4183: 4160: 4137: 4131: 4111: 4104: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4078: 4070:the original 4060: 4048:. Retrieved 4044:the original 4034: 4014: 4007: 3997: 3992: 3984:the original 3979: 3969: 3957:. Retrieved 3953:the original 3948: 3938: 3926:. Retrieved 3922: 3909: 3897:. Retrieved 3893: 3880: 3868:. Retrieved 3864:the original 3859: 3849: 3829: 3822: 3802: 3781: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3699: 3677:(3): 10,14. 3674: 3670: 3657: 3645: 3626: 3620: 3615:, p. 6. 3608: 3574: 3568: 3556: 3538: 3528: 3484: 3477: 3469: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3430: 3423: 3409: 3402: 3390:. Retrieved 3386: 3376: 3353: 3347: 3338: 3315: 3309: 3297:. Retrieved 3293: 3284: 3264: 3257: 3245:. Retrieved 3241: 3231: 3209:(3): 31–54. 3206: 3202: 3192: 3173: 3167: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3103: 3097: 3088: 3082: 3052:(1): 79–97. 3049: 3045: 2999: 2991: 2981: 2974: 2954: 2903: 2899: 2889: 2869: 2834: 2823: 2812: 2803: 2792: 2785: 2773:. Retrieved 2767: 2741: 2734:. Retrieved 2719: 2712: 2668: 2650: 2643:. Retrieved 2628: 2621: 2613: 2606:. Retrieved 2591: 2584: 2559: 2555: 2543: 2529: 2497:Souverainism 2424: 2419:divine right 2414:Imperialists 2400: 2396: 2370: 2361:Heliogabalus 2359: 2344:libertarians 2326:Rationalists 2296: 2261: 2259: 2251: 2236: 2232: 2208:jurisdiction 2189:underground 2051: 2045:Adjudication 2043: 2037: 2029: 2023:Prescription 2021: 2009: 2001: 1992: 1973: 1957:Hugo Grotius 1950: 1946: 1943: 1895: 1889: 1880: 1867:nation-state 1860: 1820: 1809: 1798: 1782: 1745: 1727: 1688: 1685:Vatican City 1676:Papal States 1669: 1659: 1655: 1649: 1642: 1624: 1620:intervention 1617: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1594: 1566: 1546: 1542: 1519: 1481: 1470: 1431: 1426:Soviet Union 1392: 1389:independence 1386: 1371: 1362: 1351:Please help 1346:verification 1343: 1318: 1314: 1304: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1281: 1265:jurisdiction 1262: 1245:absoluteness 1242: 1239:Absoluteness 1228: 1223: 1205: 1182: 1136:Carl Schmitt 1128: 1120: 1113: 1107: 1105: 1101:general will 1094: 1092: 1082:is founded. 1057: 1053: 1050:authorities. 1037: 1027: 1022: 999: 981: 977:lois royales 976: 973:positive law 968: 964: 962: 959: 935: 920:nation state 916: 904: 893: 887: 879: 873: 866: 859: 849: 835: 821: 816: 813: 809: 800: 792: 786: 780: 774: 761: 747: 743: 740:Vulgar Latin 737: 727: 723: 717: 711: 672: 671: 504: 366:street-level 241:Presidential 201:Dictatorship 71:Part of the 48: 36: 7246:Sovereignty 7200:Geopolitics 7079:Sovereignty 7059:Imperialism 6972:Colonialism 6957:Appeasement 6872:Warsaw Pact 6500:(1835–1840) 6380:(c. 350 BC) 6370:(c. 375 BC) 5987:Tocqueville 5952:Saint-Simon 5917:Montesquieu 5768:Bolingbroke 5700:Machiavelli 5580:Ibn Khaldun 5545:Alpharabius 5538:Middle Ages 5363:Natural law 5338:Common good 5263:Nationalism 5223:Imperialism 5193:Corporatism 5168:Colonialism 5148:Agrarianism 5127:Technocracy 5107:Meritocracy 5087:Bureaucracy 5077:Aristocracy 4855:Sovereignty 4842:sovereignty 4630:WordNet 3.0 4607:Montesquieu 3613:Kallis 2018 3512:j.ctvzxx91t 3299:26 November 3265:Sovereignty 3129:(1): 1–31. 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