Sword - Knowledge

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equipment. On mobilization in August 1914 all serving British Army officers were required to have their swords sharpened as the only peacetime use of the weapon had been for saluting on parade. The high visibility and limited practical use of the sword however led to it being abandoned within weeks, although most cavalry continued to carry sabres throughout the war. While retained as a symbol of rank and status by at least senior officers of infantry, artillery and other branches, the sword was usually left with non-essential baggage when units reached the front line. It was not until the late 1920s and early 1930s that this historic weapon was finally discarded for all but ceremonial purposes by most remaining horse mounted regiments of Europe and the Americas.

1240: 1738: 475: 2264: 1718: 1115:) led to the production of hilts with a guard for the finger. This sword design eventually led to the development of the civilian rapier, but it was not replaced by it, and the side-sword continued to be used during the rapier's lifetime. As it could be used for both cutting and thrusting, the term "cut and thrust sword" is sometimes used interchangeably with side-sword. As rapiers became more popular, attempts were made to hybridize the blade, sacrificing the effectiveness found in each unique weapon design. These are still considered side-swords and are sometimes labeled 1391: 1329: 1781: 1686: 1260: 1900: 2658: 3060: 247: 2103: 1702: 2566: 1224: 785: 288: 64: 1527: 280: 641: 396:. Naue II swords, along with Nordic full-hilted swords, were made with functionality and aesthetics in mind. The hilts of these swords were beautifully crafted and often contained false rivets in order to make the sword more visually appealing. Swords coming from northern Denmark and northern Germany usually contained three or more fake rivets in the hilt. 1471:. High quality Japanese swords have been exported to neighboring Asian countries since before the 11th century. From the 15th century to the 16th century, more than 200,000 swords were exported, reaching a quantitative peak, but these were simple swords made exclusively for mass production, specialized for export and lending to conscripted farmers ( 2701:). The pommel was originally designed as a stop to prevent the sword slipping from the hand. From around the 11th century onward it became a counterbalance to the blade, allowing a more fluid style of fighting. It can also be used as a blunt instrument at close range, and its weight affects the centre of percussion. In later times a 410:). Also unique for Chinese bronzes is the consistent use of high tin bronze (17–21% tin) which is very hard and breaks if stressed too far, whereas other cultures preferred lower tin bronze (usually 10%), which bends if stressed too far. Although iron swords were made alongside bronze, it was not until the early 406:. The technology for bronze swords reached its high point during the Warring States period and Qin dynasty. Amongst the Warring States period swords, some unique technologies were used, such as casting high tin edges over softer, lower tin cores, or the application of diamond shaped patterns on the blade (see 3216:

1960)A brief review article by the originator of the term "pattern-welding" accurately details all the salient points of the construction of pattern-welded blades and of how all the patterns observed result as a function of the depth of grinding into a twisted rod structure. The article also includes

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although often containing sufficient carbon, but work-hardened like bronze by hammering. This made them comparable or only slightly better in terms of strength and hardness to bronze swords. They could still bend during use rather than spring back into shape. But the easier production, and the better

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The scabbard, also known as the sheath, is a protective cover often provided for the sword blade. Scabbards have been made of many materials, including leather, wood, and metals such as brass or steel. The metal fitting where the blade enters the leather or metal scabbard is called the throat, which

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were designed to impale their targets quickly and inflict deep stab wounds. Their long and straight yet light and well balanced design made them highly maneuverable and deadly in a duel but fairly ineffective when used in a slashing or chopping motion. A well aimed lunge and thrust could end a fight

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and can be straight or curved. A thrusting sword tends to have a straighter blade with a pointed tip. A slashing sword is more likely to be curved and to have a sharpened cutting edge on one or both sides of the blade. Many swords are designed for both thrusting and slashing. The precise definition

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Throughout history two-handed swords have generally been less common than their one-handed counterparts, one exception being their common use in Japan. Two-handed grips have two advantages: obviously they allow the strength of two hands to be used, not just one, but by spacing the hands apart they

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such tangs over the end of the pommel, or occasionally welded the hilt furniture to the tang and threaded the end for screwing on a pommel. This style is often referred to as a "narrow" or "hidden" tang. Modern, less traditional, replicas often feature a threaded pommel or a pommel nut which holds

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every officer must own a sword, which is prescribed for formal parades and other ceremonies where dress uniforms are worn and the rank-and-file are under arms. On these occasions depending on their billet, Marine Non-Commissioned Officers (E-4 and above) may also be required to carry swords, which

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were built more heavily and were more typically used in warfare. Built for slashing and chopping at multiple enemies, often from horseback, the sabre's long curved blade and slightly forward weight balance gave it a deadly character all its own on the battlefield. Most sabres also had sharp points

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which lighten the blade at the cost of some of the blade's stiffness. The edges of a cutting sword are almost parallel. Blades oriented for the thrust have thicker blades, sometimes with a distinct midrib for increased stiffness, with a strong taper and an acute point. The geometry of a cutting

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in 1908, almost the last change in British Army weapons before the outbreak of the war. At the outbreak of World War I infantry officers in all combatant armies then involved (French, German, British, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, Belgian and Serbian) still carried swords as part of their field

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than the weapon itself; the scabbard usually has a large, decorative mount allowing it to be suspended from a belt on the wearer's right side. Because of this, it is assumed that the sword was intended to be drawn with the blade pointing downwards ready for surprise stabbing attacks.

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Early iron blades have rounded points due to the limited metallurgy of the time. These were still effective for thrusting against lightly armoured opponents. As armour advanced, blades were made narrower, stiffer and sharply pointed to defeat the armour by thrusting.

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covering longsword combat and techniques dating from the 13th–16th centuries exist in German, Italian, and English, providing extensive information on longsword combatives as used throughout this period. Many of these are now readily available online.

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as a way to define and catalogue European swords of the medieval period based on physical form, including blade shape and hilt configuration. The typology also focuses on the smaller, and in some cases contemporary, single-handed swords such as the

861:) was a unique and highly prized steel developed on the Indian subcontinent as early as the 5th century BC. Its properties were unique due to the special smelting and reworking of the steel creating networks of iron carbides described as a globular 2584:

sword blade allows for acute edge angles. An edge with an acuter angle is more inclined to degrade quickly in combat situations than an edge with a more obtuse angle. Also, an acute edge angle is not the primary factor of a blade's sharpness.

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counterpart to these is known as an energy sword (sometimes also referred to as a "beam sword" or "laser sword"), a sword whose blade consists of, or is augmented by, concentrated energy. A well known example of this type of sword is the

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is relatively low, and consequently longer blades would bend easily. The development of the sword out of the dagger was gradual; the first weapons that can be classified as swords without any ambiguity are those found in

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with an attachment for the sword's scabbard, used to carry it when not in use. It is usually fixed to the scabbard of the sword, providing a fast means of drawing the sword in battle. Examples of sword belts include the

2179:, the duelling sword fell out of fashion long before the practice of duelling itself. By about 1770, English duelists enthusiastically adopted the pistol, and sword duels dwindled. However, the custom of duelling with 3599: 3035:", was a sword with an extended grip and sometimes pommel so that it could be used with either one or two hands. Although these swords may not provide a full two-hand grip, they allowed its wielders to hold a 2511:), the tang has about the same width as the blade, and is generally the same shape as the grip. In European or Asian swords sold today, many advertised "full" tangs may actually involve a forged rat-tail tang. 3525: 186:

and double-edged blades, making them capable of piercing soldier after soldier in a cavalry charge. Sabres continued to see battlefield use until the early 20th century. The US Navy M1917 Cutlass used in

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is often part of a larger scabbard mount, or locket, that bears a carrying ring or stud to facilitate wearing the sword. The blade's point in leather scabbards is usually protected by a metal tip, or

1523:, a unique wind furnace was used to produce the high-quality steel. This gave the blade a very hard cutting edge and beautiful patterns. For these reasons it became a very popular trading material. 493:

availability of the raw material for the first time permitted the equipping of entire armies with metal weapons, though Bronze Age Egyptian armies were sometimes fully equipped with bronze weapons.

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Sword typology is based on morphological criteria on the one hand (blade shape (cross-section, taper, and length), shape and size of the hilt and pommel), and age and place of origin on the other (

911:", came into being. It had an extended grip that meant it could be used with either one or two hands. Though these swords did not provide a full two-hand grip they allowed their wielders to hold a 3471: 2124:

somewhere in the later part of the 16th century. The rapier differed from most earlier swords in that it was not a military weapon but a primarily civilian sword. Both the rapier and the Italian

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in that a knife has only one cutting surface, while a dagger has two cutting surfaces. Construction of longer blades became possible during the 3rd millennium BC in the Middle East, first in

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The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms & Weapons: The Most Comprehensive Reference Work Ever Published on Arms and Armour from Prehistoric Times to the Present – with Over 1,200 Illustrations

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The sword in this time period was the most personal weapon, the most prestigious, and the most versatile for close combat, but it came to decline in military use as technology, such as the

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large swords as the basket-hilted broadsword were preferred, and most wealthy men and military officers carried one slung from a belt. Both the small sword and the rapier remained popular

1105:. Quite popular between the 16th and 17th centuries, they were ideal for handling the mix of armoured and unarmoured opponents of that time. A new technique of placing one's finger on the 2441:. Contemporary replicas can range from cheap factory produced look-alikes to exact recreations of individual artifacts, including an approximation of the historical production methods. 456:, where there are several varieties of hilt. These swords have been variously dated to times between 1700 and 1400 BC. Other swords from this period in India have been discovered from 2048:. This (usually) two-edged sword sported a half-basket hilt with a straight blade some 90–105 cm long. Later in the 17th century, the swords used by cavalry became predominantly 1865:

were also used by young boys who joined their parents in the revolution and by young girls and their mothers in defending the town while the men were on the battlefields. During the

2343:, and changes of command. They are also commonly worn for officers' weddings, and when wearing dress uniforms to church—although they are rarely actually worn in the church itself. 663:). However, the great conquests of the Persians made the sword more famous as a Persian weapon, to the extent that the true nature of the weapon has been lost somewhat as the name 2183:

persisted well into the 20th century in France. Such modern duels were not fought to the death; the duellists' aim was instead merely to draw blood from the opponent's sword arm.

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is required to own a sword, which can be prescribed for any formal outdoor ceremonial occasion; they are normally worn for changes of command and parades. For some Navy parades,

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J.-S. Park K. Rajan R. Ramesh (2020). "High-carbon steel and ancient sword-making as observed in a double-edged sword from an Iron Age megalithic burial in Tamil Nadu, India".

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3000 BC), when copper and bronze weapons were produced with long leaf-shaped blades and with hilts consisting of an extension of the blade in handle form. A knife is unlike a

8131: 2076:. Following their campaign in the Netherlands in 1672, the French began producing this weapon as their first regulation sword. Weapons of this design were also issued to the 6171: 2973:

European terminology does give generic names for single-edged and double-edged blades but refers to specific types with the term 'sword' covering them all. For example, the

2383: 7999: 896:. These swords were designed as cutting weapons, although effective points were becoming common to counter improvements in armour, especially the 14th-century change from 2629:, a metal cover surrounded the ricasso, and a swordsman might grip it in one hand to wield the weapon more easily in close-quarter combat. The ricasso normally bears the 2279:

Swords continued in general peacetime use by cavalry of most armies during the years prior to World War I. The British Army formally adopted a completely new design of

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Ancient swords are often found at burial sites. The sword was often placed on the right side of the corpse. Many times the sword was kept over the corpse. In many late

2405:. Taken out of issue for approximately 20 years from 1855 until 1875, it was restored to service in the year of the Corps' centennial and has remained in issue since. 2331:

by officers in many military and naval services throughout the world. Occasions to wear swords include any event in dress uniforms where the rank-and-file carry arms:

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identifies a short section of blade immediately below the guard that is left completely unsharpened. Many swords have no ricasso. On some large weapons, such as the

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to be coined. This word stems from the new fighting style of the side-sword and buckler which was filled with much "swashing and making a noise on the buckler".

1634:, it was adopted by communities such as Rajputs, Sikhs and Marathas, who favored the sword as their main weapon. It became more widespread in the medieval era. 3074:

Code of Ervig (680-687) made ownership of a sword mandatory for men joining the Visigothic army, regardless of whether the men were Goth or Roman. A number of

1753:, the images of Indian style swords can be found in Hindu gods statues from ancient Java circa 8th to 10th century. However the native types of blade known as 6199:

South Asian Archaeology 1975: Papers from The Third International Conference of The Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, Held in Paris

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Frangipane, M. et.al. (2010). "The collapse of the 4th millennium centralised system at Arslantepe and the far-reaching changes in 3rd millennium societies".

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by cavalrymen and by officers of other branches throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, both in colonial and European warfare. For example, during the

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Breverton's Encyclopedia of Inventions: A Compendium of Technological Leaps, Groundbreaking Discoveries and Scientific Breakthroughs that Changed the World

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Jung, R.; M. Mehofer (2008). "A sword of Naue II type from Ugarit and the Historical Significance of Italian type Weaponry in the Eastern Mediterranean",

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and swordsmanship, leading to this style reaching America despite the fact that natives were reluctant to allow outsiders in on their fighting secrets.

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The estoc became popular because of its ability to thrust into the gaps between plates of armour. The grip was sometimes wrapped in wire or coarse

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was a 35 to 45 cm (14 to 18 inch) double-edged sword. The design was not uniform and in fact identification is made more on the nature of the

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against the colonialists not only because ammunition for guns was scarce, but also for concealability while walking in crowded streets and homes.

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background), and survives well into the Iron Age, with a life-span of about seven centuries. During its lifetime, metallurgy changed from bronze

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Bunnefeld, Jan-Heinrich (December 2016). "Crafting Swords. The emergence and production of full-hilted swords in the Early Nordic Bronze Age".

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were bent at 180 degrees. It was known as killing the sword. Thus they might have considered swords as the most potent and powerful object.

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Melheim, Lene; Horn, Christian (2014). "Tales of Hoards and Swordfighters in Early Bronze Age Scandinavia: The Brand New and the Broken".

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A two-handed grip may be needed for one of two reasons: either to wield a particularly large sword or else with the single-sided Japanese

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A two-handed sword is any sword that usually requires two hands to wield, or more specifically the very large swords of the 16th century.

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Swords from the Parthian and Sassanian Empires were quite long, the blades on some late Sassanian swords being just under a metre long.

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German Swords of World War II – A Photographic Reference Vol.3: DLV, Diplomats, Customs, Police and Fire, Justice, Mining, Railway, etc

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at the French Parliament and was subsequently challenged to a duel fought with swords. René Ribière lost the duel, being wounded twice.

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or parrying dagger in their off hand, or to use it as a two-handed sword for a more powerful blow. These should not be confused with a

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There is considerable variation in the detailed design of sword blades. The diagram opposite shows a typical Medieval European sword.

8547: 7595: 7534: 6940: 2949: 4549: 4337: 8658: 7821: 6513: 6160: 5283: 4474: 1002: 8620: 7564: 6508: 6503: 3751: 8520: 2309:. A notable exception was the Imperial Japanese Army where, for cultural reasons, all officers and warrant officers carried the 5143: 2775:, which on both leather and metal scabbards is often given further protection from wear by an extension called a drag, or shoe. 1075:

S-shaped guard and 2-foot-long (0.61 m) blade made it perfect for bringing in when the fighting became too close to use a

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It was during the 14th century, with the growing use of more advanced armour, that the hand and a half sword, also known as a "

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in seconds with just the sword's point, leading to the development of a fighting style which closely resembles modern fencing.

342:, dated to about 1700 BC, reaching a total length of more than 100 cm (39 in). These are the "type A" swords of the 8497: 6356: 6307: 6288: 6254: 5986: 5958: 5855: 5830: 5805: 5780: 5710: 5671: 5644: 5619: 5581: 5556: 5531: 5405: 5324: 5234: 4968: 4934: 4859: 4799: 4768: 4592: 4522: 4454: 4279: 4254: 4149: 4096: 4069: 4033: 3994: 3951: 3912: 3869: 3727: 3640: 3535: 3508: 3481: 5896: 8542: 8527: 8281: 5192: 5116: 4487: 4366: 1057:

being 7 feet (2.13 m) long. The gigantic blade length was perfectly designed for manipulating and pushing away enemy

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a brief description of pattern-welding as encountered in the Malay keris. Damascus steel is also known as watered steel.

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took control of the country, several American special operations groups stationed in the Philippines were introduced to

956:, innovative sword designs evolved more and more rapidly. The main transition was the lengthening of the grip, allowing 8552: 8467: 5256: 4919: 3422: 2444:

Some kinds of swords are still commonly used today as weapons, often as a side arm for military infantry. The Japanese

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became increasingly common from the 13th century BC. Before that the use of swords was less frequent. The iron was not

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was sometimes added. By the 17th century, with the growing use of firearms and the accompanying decline in the use of

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is a double-edge straight sword. It is often featured in religious iconography, theatre and art depicting the ancient

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were among the finest cutting weapons in world military history. The types of swords used by the Samurai included the

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The sword developed from the knife or dagger. The sword became differentiated from the dagger during the Bronze Age (

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Japan was famous for the swords it forged in the early 13th century for the class of warrior-nobility known as the

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became an essential fashion accessory in European countries and the New World, though in some places such as the

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swords. It has a straight double-edged blade measuring about one meter in length, usually imported from Europe.

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is the collective term for the parts allowing for the handling and control of the blade; these consist of the

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offering instructions on their use survive. Another variant was the specialized armour-piercing swords of the

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How Ancient Europeans Saw the World : Vision, Patterns, and the Shaping of the Mind in Prehistoric Times

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Blades longer than 60 cm (24 in) were rare and not practical until the late Bronze Age because the

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took their place in a gentleman's wardrobe. This developed to the gentlemen in the Victorian era to use the

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Odwira and the Gospel: A Study of the Asante Odwira Festival and Its Significance for Christianity in Ghana

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as late as 1938. Swords and other dedicated melee weapons were used occasionally by many countries during

1717: 388:. Naue II swords could be as long as 85 cm, but most specimens fall into the 60 to 70 cm range. 8698: 8424: 7313: 6201:(December 1979), edited by J. E. van Lohuizen-de Leeuw. Brill Academic Publishers, Incorporated. 106–18. 3081:

made ownership of a sword mandatory, for example, those who owned a warhorse needed to also own a sword.

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developed to fight with canes and swordsticks and has now evolved into a sport. The English martial art

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are used relative to the era under consideration, and each term designates a particular type of sword.

2496:, the maker welds a thin rod to the end of the blade at the crossguard; this rod goes through the grip. 2244:(very similar in appearance to the US Navy Model 1917 Cutlass) to counter it. Mobile troops armed with 8070: 1777:

were more popular as weapons. These daggers are shorter than a sword but longer than a common dagger.

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than for use on the battlefield, and the military importance of swords steadily decreased during the

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on 27 April 1521. Traditional swords in the Philippines were immediately banned, but the training in

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As steel technology improved, single-edged weapons became popular throughout Asia. Derived from the

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The first weapons that can be described as "swords" date to around 3300 BC. They have been found in

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or parrying dagger in their off hand, or to use it as a two-handed sword for a more powerful blow.

839:' blades (the name of the maker inlaid in the blade) were of particularly consistent high quality. 789: 652: 392:

linked the Naue Type II Swords, which spread from Southern Europe into the Mediterranean, with the

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have developed a type of broadsword made from shark teeth, which serves a similar function to the

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Non-European weapons classified as swords include single-edged weapons such as the Middle Eastern

7807: 7746: 7672: 6232: 6066:(Report) (6 ed.). Ministry of Defence. 2004. pp. 9–16 - Ceremonial Sword Belt. AP 1358. 5350: 5081: 4630: 3904: 3153: 1365: 2393:

pattern which was adopted in 1825 in recognition of the Marines' key role in the capture of the

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saw again a more standardized production, but the basic design remained indebted to the spatha.

8673: 8439: 8363: 7238: 6626: 6618: 3748:"A Study of Chinese Weapons Cast During Pre-Qin and Han Periods in the Central Plains of China" 3128: 3023:

for a slashing cut. Slashing swords may have distinctively long hilt grips to facilitate this.

2722: 2426: 2398: 2298: 2151: 2144: 1884: 869:. The use of Damascus steel in swords became extremely popular in the 16th and 17th centuries. 828: 576:

are typical examples of the type, measuring some 60 to 70 cm (24 to 28 in). The late

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at the base of the hilt to protect the mouth of the scabbard and prevent water from entering.

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had developed elaborate basket hilts, which protect the palm of the wielder and rendered the

1888: 1858: 1007: 5923: 5800:(Fourth ed.). Scottsdale, Arizona: New Falcon Publications (Falcon Press). p. 33. 5739: 5700: 5661: 4758: 4438: 4181:(February 1960). "Pattern-Welding and Damascening of Sword-Blades: Part 1 Pattern-Welding". 7859: 4985: 4141: 3380: 3368: 2784: 2588: 2355: 2260:, Royal Dutch Army, Royal Dutch Navy and Dutch police used these cutlasses called Klewang. 2061: 1960: 1792: 1390: 996: 919: 701: 138: 119:, became the predecessor of the European sword of the Middle Ages, at first adopted as the 4446: 4061:

Armies of the Thracians and Dacians, 500 BC to AD 150: History, Organization and Equipment

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possesses a long blade, as well as a huge guard for protection. It is estimated that some

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has been used to refer to whichever form of sword the Persian army favoured at the time.

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to provide a better grip and to make it harder to knock a sword out of the user's hand.

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and klewangs succeeded in suppressing Aceh resistance where traditional infantry with

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and many Marines were issued a variant called the M1941 Cutlass as a makeshift jungle

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The last known French duel of public note fought with epées took place in 1967, when

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Civilian use of swords became increasingly common during the late Renaissance, with

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Clements, J., & Hertz, B. (n.d.). The Myth of Thrusting versus Cutting Swords.

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In late medieval and Renaissance era European swords, a flap of leather called the

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are carried by some infantry and officers in Japan and other parts of Asia and the

2001: 1970: 1844: 1832: 1701: 1657: 1586: 1549: 1492: 1341: 1293: 1283: 1223: 1210: 840: 805: 769: 422: 407: 370: 323: 304: 274: 124: 104: 4134: 1780: 1147:

started in the mid-16th century. It would become the weapon of choice for many in

1034: 8663: 8345: 8227: 8177: 7980: 7925: 7554: 7191: 7142: 7122: 6979: 6551: 6479: 6239: 5483: 5471: 5419: 5393: 5196: 5165: 4789: 4439: 3669: 3354:, and was again widely used in Renaissance Latin, while Middle Latin mostly used 3351: 3295: 3236: 3183: 3148: 3104: 2962: 2881: 2826: 2801: 2788: 2779: 2580: 2340: 2176: 1956: 1724: 1542: 1457: 1317: 1287: 1259: 1061:, which were major weapons around this time, in both Germany and Eastern Europe. 982:

became popular due to its extreme reach and its cutting and thrusting abilities.

836: 561: 557: 365:(lit. "grip-tongue sword"). This type first appears in c. the 13th century BC in 116: 6478: 5252: 5189: 5112: 4491: 4362: 3417:. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East (Vol. 4). BRILL. pp. 52–53. 2378:

have hilts of a pattern similar to U.S. Naval officers' swords but are actually

2232:, proved very effective in close quarters combat with Dutch troops, leading the 892:

remained essentially stable, with variations mainly concerning the shape of the

8562: 8222: 7950: 7935: 7874: 7519: 7443: 7438: 7343: 7338: 7328: 7276: 7199: 7096: 6959: 6636: 6559: 4708: 4609: 4178: 3213: 3158: 3138: 2954: 2924: 2815: 2682: 2394: 2390: 2363: 2322: 2268: 2220: 2073: 2037: 2034: 1760: 1644: 1623: 1532: 1487: 1394: 1384: 1201: 1138: 1102: 858: 824: 683: 625: 593: 535: 527: 513: 469: 399: 374: 292: 235: 128: 108: 8259: 3633:

The end of the Bronze Age: changes in warfare and the catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C

3445: 800:, sword technology improved, and the sword became a very advanced weapon. The 8652: 8040: 7985: 7394: 7353: 6781: 6767: 6747: 6694: 6674: 6498: 5415: 5042: 3677: 3576: 3414:

The Domestication of Metals: The Rise of Complex Metal Industries in Anatolia

3178: 3133: 3064: 3032: 2437:

The production of replicas of historical swords originates with 19th-century

2351: 2347: 2116: 2053: 1836: 1589:, or made locally in imitation of European blades. Because of its length the 1307: 1090: 897: 523: 403: 380:

Naue II swords were exported from Europe to the Aegean, and as far afield as

151: 8050: 8045: 6669: 5431: 5423: 4515:

Sultan, Shah, and Great Mughal: the history and culture of the Islamic world

3300: 3048: 2657: 2625: 2579:

Dedicated cutting blades are wide and thin, and often have grooves known as

2305:, but typically as a secondary weapon as they were outclassed by coexisting 1030: 991: 947: 8398: 8320: 8294: 7464: 7389: 7369: 7348: 7147: 7081: 6888: 6752: 6631: 4296: 3628: 3212:"Pattern-Welding and Damascening of Sword-Blades: Part 1 Pattern-Welding" ( 3173: 3078: 2945: 2875: 2831: 2637: 2493: 2302: 2272: 2197: 2077: 1928: 1827:

and his warriors who defeated the Spaniards and killed Portuguese explorer

1708: 1455:). Japanese swords that pre-date the rise of the samurai caste include the 1167: 1131: 901: 889: 743: 621: 577: 389: 339: 307:, and are about 60 cm (24 in) long. Some of them are inlaid with 191: 8207: 8182: 8121: 4704:"I. The history, significance and usage of Asante royal regalia continued" 3059: 2916:, the sword is held in very high esteem. A single-edged sword is called a 2271:(far right) leads commandos during a training exercise, sword in hand, in 1873:, most of an American company was hacked to death or seriously injured by 985: 704:, but iron and steel swords were not widely used until the 3rd century BC 8403: 8252:

Note: some of the existing swords are named after earlier legendary ones.

8192: 7884: 7754: 7624: 6935: 6919: 6742: 6699: 4733: 3287:, Canto Classics, 2nd revised edition, Cambridge University Press, 2012, 3100: 3075: 2851: 2847: 2643:

On Japanese blades, the maker's mark appears on the tang under the grip.

2549: 2196:

Towards the end of its useful life, the sword served more as a weapon of

2172: 2163: 2136: 2097: 2069: 2023: 1924: 1910: 1899: 1800: 1788: 1360: 1094: 1015: 960:

use, and a longer blade. By 1400, this type of sword, at the time called

854: 797: 705: 700:

Chinese iron swords made their first appearance in the later part of the

624:. The use of a sword, an honourable weapon, was regarded in Europe since 358: 250: 246: 199: 187: 170: 4512: 2102: 143: 8598: 8290: 8162: 8157: 8106: 7970: 7699: 7459: 7246: 7067: 6817: 6679: 5278:

UK., The Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge (1 January 2012).

4938: 4202: 3980: 3824: 3109: 3071: 2741: 2690: 2686: 2481: 2201: 2159: 2018:("sabre fitted in the German manner"). A closely related weapon is the 1919: 1905: 1875: 1849: 1187: 1067: 934:

reflected the high prestige of the weapon and the wealth of the owner.

927: 877: 817: 809: 723: 613: 588: 516:, was likely introduced in India around the mid-1st millennium BC. The 433:. Swords have been recovered in archaeological findings throughout the 430: 411: 349:

One of the most important, and longest-lasting, types of swords of the

300: 100: 8202: 7062: 6974: 6333:

Stage Combat Resource Materials: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography

4477:

to differentiate cutting swords with compound hilts from true rapiers.

3584: 3552: 2885:(剣) is a double-edged straight-bladed weapon, while a knife or sabre ( 2709: 2703: 2386:

is the longest continuously issued edged weapon in the U.S. inventory

1463: 812:

spathas were decorated with Germanic artwork (not unlike the Germanic

602:

is applied to swords comparatively long for their respective periods.

133: 8615: 8393: 8142: 8136: 8101: 7580: 7423: 7031: 6853: 6822: 6684: 6641: 6603: 5062: 3243: 3114: 3040: 2974: 2843: 2694: 2630: 2452: 2359: 2125: 2049: 1991: 1854: 1820: 1750: 1520: 1447: 1405: 979: 970: 943: 923: 862: 813: 784: 773: 738: 598: 489: 453: 68: 8212: 7000: 4194: 1431: 1049:

swords were over 6 feet (1.8 m) long, with the one ascribed to

692:

to Persia, and this was in extensive use by the early 16th century.

83:

intended for manual cutting or thrusting. Its blade, longer than a

8627: 8217: 8197: 8172: 8126: 8080: 7940: 7736: 7499: 7489: 7428: 7256: 7251: 7204: 7010: 6848: 6838: 6762: 6651: 6646: 6588: 6084:(Report) (9 ed.). October 2018. p. 39A-1,39A-33. BRd3(1). 6077:"39. ROYAL NAVY OFFICERS AND RATINGS, Annex 39A: RN Dress Tables". 5821:

Gabbay, Dov M.; Anthonie Meijers; Paul Thagard; John Woods (2009).

4911: 3568: 2978: 2855: 2759: 2753: 2698: 2536: 2477: 2289: 2216: 2167: 2155: 2005: 1965: 1805: 1784: 1512: 1508: 1473: 1312: 1265: 1246: 1196: 1192: 1179: 1163: 1159: 881: 866: 843:

tried to prohibit the export of these swords, as they were used by

688: 675: 660: 644: 629: 501: 497: 206: 7057: 7052: 7015: 3635:(revised ed.). Princeton University Press. pp. 197–204. 2678: 2458: 1630:) is a type of curved sword from India and other countries of the 1209:) is from the 9th century, when it was used among soldiers in the 893: 287: 8353: 8302: 8237: 8116: 8060: 7930: 7915: 7799: 7759: 7731: 7549: 7544: 7514: 7374: 7299: 7271: 7223: 7181: 7127: 7005: 6874: 6757: 6732: 6704: 6583: 6569: 6541: 3306: 3096: 2763: 2621: 2612: 2508: 2500: 2485: 2306: 2253: 2245: 2237: 2229: 2224: 2205: 2065: 2041: 1811: 1791:. The traditional design of the hilt is a notable depiction from 1767: 1598: 1594: 1516: 1420: 1152: 1143: 1127: 1107: 1058: 931: 873: 844: 831:

started to become much more common than in previous periods. The

572: 195: 182: 155: 63: 6128: 6126: 6061:

Uniform dress and appearance regulations for the Royal Air Force

4655: 3379:

Wagner, R. (n.d.). Focus on the M1917/M1941 Cutlass. Angelfire.

3334: 2674: 2180: 1526: 918:

In the Middle Ages, the sword was often used as a symbol of the

279: 8388: 8335: 8325: 8187: 8167: 8096: 7975: 7910: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7704: 7529: 7509: 7474: 7448: 7433: 7333: 7214: 7137: 7132: 7106: 7036: 6722: 6593: 6574: 5524:

Imperialism and war: essays on colonial wars in Asia and Africa

5177: 5137: 3312: 3188: 3036: 2958: 2930: 2918: 2898: 2718: 2714: 2662: 2446: 2422: 2414: 2346:

In the British forces they are also worn for any appearance at

2332: 2212: 2111: 2093: 2010: 1944: 1940: 1824: 1692: 1618: 1610: 1582: 1425: 1379: 1302: 1274: 1166:

changed warfare. However, it maintained a key role in civilian

1148: 1112: 1098: 1050: 953: 912: 848: 832: 801: 733: 715: 655:

used a sword that was originally of Scythian design called the

582: 566: 449: 445: 434: 381: 334: 319: 308: 217: 166: 112: 88: 6032:

Swords of the British Army: the regulation patterns, 1788–1914

1573: 640: 96:

of a sword varies by historical epoch and geographic region.

8330: 8310: 8152: 7524: 7504: 7494: 7484: 7379: 7261: 7219: 7101: 6995: 6843: 6727: 6689: 6579: 6564: 6245:

Deutscher, Lisa; Kaiser, Mirjam; Wetzler, Sixt, eds. (2019).

6123: 5280:"Collections Explorer – Object Detail (HEN.M.219-1933, id:1)" 4113:

The archaeology of Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. CE 400–1200

3810: 3020: 2913: 2772: 2527: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2418: 2379: 2249: 2008:

was popularized in 16th-century Germany under its Czech name

1995: 1936: 1923:

is a wooden broadsword and club that was utilized by various

1815:

were used in combat by the natives. A notable wielder of the

1773: 1670: 1639: 1496: 1437: 1399: 1373: 1369: 1356: 1279: 1230: 1205: 1183: 975: 719: 522:

mentions swords of Indian iron and steel being exported from

178: 84: 5546: 4513:

Mortensen, Peder; Torben Lundbæk; Kjeld von Folsach (1996).

2603:(strong). The section in between the CoP and the CoB is the 2297:. The last units of British heavy cavalry switched to using 1033:

was used by the elite German and Swiss mercenaries known as

7559: 7294: 6796: 6608: 6598: 5612:

The Belgian Army in the Great War. Portable Service Weapons

2981:

which is also single-edged is given its own specific name.

2953:

is a handheld double-edged sword traditionally used in the

2870: 2670: 2652: 2640:

is the extension of the blade to which the hilt is fitted.

2531: 1755: 1606: 1567: 1555: 1345: 1111:

to improve the grip (a practice that would continue in the

1083: 728: 485: 441: 92: 2540:

applies to the cover for the sword blade when not in use.

1597:

weapon. The sword has been especially associated with the

1581:, derived from the Arabic term for a Western European, a " 512:

High-carbon steel for swords, which would later appear as

6346: 6119:. Guildford & London: Lutterworth Press. p. 152. 6096:

The turban and the sword of the Sikhs: Essence of Sikhism

4473:

is a non-historical classification first used within The

3986:

Medieval Latin: an introduction and bibliographical guide

3316:; as the term for the sword used by the Late Roman army, 3103:

often appear, based on their use in myth and legend. The

2313:("new military sword") into battle from 1934 until 1945. 1570: 1564: 234:, like the European models derived from the double-edged 6231:. Ed. and trans. Elizabeth A. Dawes. London: Routledge. 3381:

https://www.angelfire.com/wa/swordcollector/cutlass.html

3369:

https://www.thearma.org/essays/thrusting_vs_cutting.html

3051:, which were always intended to be used with two hands. 3016:

to be applied, rotating the sword in a slashing manner.

6367:

Death Comes to The Maiden: Sex and Execution, 1431–1933

2158:. Some examples of canes—those known as sword canes or 1316:. They are still used today in ceremonies, such as the 6244: 5346: 4738:

Samurai, warfare and the state in early medieval Japan

4634: 4269: 1495:. Some communities venerate the weapon as a symbol of 823:

Around the 10th century, the use of properly quenched

5223:

Imperial Armies of the Thirty Years' War (2): Cavalry

5208:

Claude Blair, "The Early Basket Hilt in Britain" in:

4294: 4136:

Writing society and culture in early Rus, c. 950–1300

3844: 3842: 2818:, European (medieval, early modern, modern), Asian). 2068:

era. Its hilt was ambidextrous with shell-guards and

1664: 1552: 1086:

being a preferred way to honourably settle disputes.

968:, was common, and a number of 15th- and 16th-century 5659: 5574:

British Military Swords from 1800 to the Present Day

5521: 3259:"to wound, to cut". Before about 1500, the spelling 2977:

may be so called because it is single-edged but the

2114:

is believed to have evolved either from the Spanish

1561: 1093:

was a type of war sword used by infantry during the

111:

remained fairly short and without a crossguard. The

3978: 2507:In a "full" tang (most commonly used in knives and 1674: 1651: 1558: 1499:. It is a common weapon in the martial arts in the 1278:is a type of broadsword originating in the western 952:From around 1300 to 1500, in concert with improved 6159: 5798:The Complete Golden Dawn System of Magic vol. Four 5547:Ion, A. Hamish; Errington, Elizabeth Jane (1993). 4572: 4133: 3839: 3800:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP, p. 124 3031:A Hand and a half sword, colloquially known as a " 2256:had failed. From that time on until the 1950s the 5823:Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences 5549:Great powers and little wars: the limits of power 4756: 4570: 4088:Tools of War: History of Weapons in Ancient Times 4025:Tools of War: History of Weapons in Ancient Times 3773: 3771: 3769: 3527:Tools of War: History of Weapons in Ancient Times 3473:Tools of War: History of Weapons in Ancient Times 3407: 2747: 1601:, who were famed for their cavalry. However, the 534:made of Damascus steel also found their way into 8650: 7692: 5571: 5190:"Säbel, 'Dusägge', Deutsch Ende 16. Jahrhundert" 5138:Rousseau, Robert; About.com Guide (4 May 2012). 4983: 2135:During the 17th and 18th centuries, the shorter 1679:) is a "sword" with a flexible whip-like blade. 8289: 5392: 4662:Journal of the Royal United Service Institution 4432: 4430: 4249:. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 323–25. 3861:Hoplites: the classical Greek battle experience 3063:Two arms holding swords in the coat of arms of 2211:However, swords were still normally carried in 6157: 6133:DeVries, Kelly; Smith, Robert Douglas (2012). 5029:"Ancient and Awesome Indo-Pakistani Weapons". 4357: 4355: 4328: 4326: 3943:The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BCE–CE 117 3766: 3320:became the source of the words for "sword" in 2354:, every Naval officer at or above the rank of 2150:As the wearing of swords fell out of fashion, 1041:, literally translated, means two-hander. The 718:dāo) is single-edged, sometimes translated as 8275: 7815: 6464: 6161:"Lightsabre wins the battle of movie weapons" 5400:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. pp. 18–19. 5055: 5049: 4924: 4536: 4534: 1423:. Western historians have said that Japanese 759: 444:region of Indian subcontinent, consisting of 225: 6233:Available at the Internet History Sourcebook 6132: 5388: 5386: 5304:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5172:by local bladesmiths, besides payment of 40 4750: 4427: 4411:(in Western Frisian). Gemeente Wûnseradiel. 3553:"The First Aegean Swords and Their Ancestry" 2984: 2758:Common accessories to the sword include the 1101:. This sword was a direct descendant of the 608:Swords were also used to administer various 564:in Iran, iron swords were common. The Greek 452:. Diverse specimens have been discovered in 6397:A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities 6382:Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India 6278: 6137:. University of Toronto Press. p. 20. 6003:Swords and daggers: an illustrated handbook 4787: 4352: 4323: 3896: 3655: 3597: 3283:). Charles Barber, Joan Beal, Philip Shaw, 3054: 2421:, a sword or knife often referred to as an 2287:In China troops used the long anti-cavalry 2162:—incorporate a concealed blade. The French 1178:The earliest evidence of curved swords, or 263: 15: 8282: 8268: 7822: 7808: 6471: 6457: 6347:McLean, Will; Forgeng, Jeffrey L. (2008). 6318:Martial Arts of The World: An Encyclopedia 5972: 5970: 5889: 5551:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 60. 5110: 4854:. Kodansha International. pp. 59–65. 4791:Weapon: A Visual History of Arms and Armor 4633:. Takouba Research Society. Archived from 4531: 4272:The Scandinavian Baltic Crusades 1100–1500 3741: 3739: 2837: 2595:(weak) of the blade, and that between the 2564: 1130:became so popular that it caused the term 16: 6114: 5383: 4851:The connoisseur's book of Japanese swords 4829:The connoisseur's book of Japanese swords 4363:"15th Century English Combat Manuscripts" 4316: 4314: 4173: 4171: 4115:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 93–95. 3698: 3496: 2968: 2961:. It is also worshipped as the weapon of 2825:was created by historian and illustrator 2504:the hilt together and allows dismantling. 2499:In traditional construction, Swordsmiths 1894: 361:who first described them), also known as 99:Historically, the sword developed in the 5981:. Great Britain: Pen & Sword Books. 5845: 5795: 5660:Youens, Michael; Warner, Philip (1973). 5609: 5522:Moor, Jaap de; Wesseling, H. L. (1989). 4847: 4781: 4610:"Takouba - Swords of the Saharan Tuareg" 4575:Daily life in the medieval Islamic world 4475:Association for Renaissance Martial Arts 4270:Lindholm, David; Nicolle, David (2007). 4131: 4057: 3864:. Routledge Publishing. pp. 25–27. 3601:Sword: Tell about sword in human history 3058: 3026: 2988: 2656: 2262: 2101: 1898: 1779: 1736: 1525: 1389: 1327: 1258: 1001: 984: 783: 670:It is widely believed that the original 647:of Persia holding an acinaces in his lap 639: 541: 473: 286: 278: 245: 62: 24:This is an accepted version of this page 6424:. Studio Jupiter Military Publishing . 6297: 5967: 5921: 5634: 4229: 3736: 3722:. Yale University Press. pp. 6–7. 3550: 2072:that inspired 18th century continental 1976: 1141:, the use of a curved sabre called the 872:It was only from the 11th century that 14: 8651: 7847: 6094:Singh Jiwan Singh; B. Chatter (2001). 5976: 5948: 5737: 5698: 5614:. Verlag Militaria GmbH. p. 366. 4900: 4665:. Vol. 12. Mitchell. p. 515. 4436: 4311: 4244: 4177: 4168: 4140:. Cambridge University Press. p. 4084: 4021: 3939: 3857: 3523: 3469: 2186: 2175:is very similar. With the rise of the 1006:Ceremonial sword of the Rector of the 414:that iron completely replaced bronze. 8263: 7803: 6452: 6005:. Courier Dover Publications, p. 13, 5850:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 31–32. 5825:. Elsevier Publishing. p. 1208. 5770: 5446:The rapier and small-sword, 1460–1820 5199:, Waffensammlung Beck, Inv-Nr.:Be 10. 5180:, as part of the preparation for the 5115:. Philippine Martial Arts Institute. 5092:from the original on 31 December 2009 5088:. old.blades.free.fr. 13 March 2007. 5004: 4958: 4831:. Kodansha International publishing. 4675: 4607: 4415:from the original on 3 September 2012 3946:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 30–31. 3795: 3717: 3627: 3403: 3401: 2922:, and its double-edged counterpart a 2902:(刀) refers to a single-edged object. 2389:The Marine officer swords are of the 1336:and scabbard of the 17th–18th century 1126:Side-swords used in conjunction with 804:type remained popular throughout the 429:sites in the northwestern regions of 6174:from the original on 12 January 2022 5924:"Concerning the Sharpness of Blades" 5476: 5318: 5259:from the original on 2 November 2016 5146:from the original on 1 February 2012 5058:"Valorous Sports Metro Plus Madurai" 4365:. The English Martial Arts Academy. 3900:The Roman army at war: 100 BC–AD 200 3350:was the generic term for "sword" in 2472:. Other swords in use today are the 1927:civilizations, such as those of the 1839:was later hidden from the occupying 1803:, traditional large swords known as 1182:(and other regional variants as the 922:. The names given to many swords in 695: 635: 6369:. Taylor & Francis Publishing. 6265:Indian and Oriental Arms and Armour 5353:from the original on 4 January 2017 5347:"Statens försvarshistoriska museer" 5277: 5221:Vladimir Brnardic, Darko Pavlovic, 5210:Scottish Weapons and Fortifications 5140:"A History and Style Guide of Kali" 5074: 4943: 4814:Bryant, Anthony J.; Angus McBride. 4794:. DK Publishing. pp. 66, 120. 4777:from the original on 29 April 2016. 4740:. Routledge publishing. pp. 79–81. 4058:Esposito, Gabriele (30 June 2021). 3169:Sword and Spurs of Giampietro Proti 2993:Two-handed sword, Italy, circa 1623 2191: 1593:is usually regarded as primarily a 937: 507: 291:The swords found together with the 190:was kept in their armory well into 48: 7829: 6158:Sophie Borland (21 January 2008). 5953:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 137. 5250: 4963:. Black Rabbit Books. p. 18. 4552:from the original on 19 April 2010 4274:. Osprey Publishing. p. 178. 3897:Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith (1998). 3497:Breverton, Terry (26 April 2012). 3398: 2868:In most Asian countries, a sword ( 2591:(CoP) and the point is called the 2587:The part of the blade between the 2234:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army 1950: 1461:(straight double-edged blade) and 1383:, is recorded from c. AD 900 (see 1364:are known from the early medieval 884:of the 12th to 13th century, this 816:fashioned after Roman coins). The 49: 8715: 6444: 5327:from the original on 29 June 2017 5286:from the original on 2 April 2012 4992:from the original on 19 June 2011 4542:"Encyclopædia Britannica-"Sword"" 4369:from the original on 27 July 2011 4340:from the original on 9 March 2011 4217:Medieval Germany: an encyclopedia 2665:. In this case, with a swept hilt 2468:is the official melee weapon for 2432: 2316: 2087: 1981: 1732: 1310:adopted swords under the name of 425:of copper were discovered in the 107:date to about 1600 BC. The later 7998: 7961:Sword of State of South Carolina 6380:Prasad, Prakash Chandra (2003). 6300:German Medieval Armies 1000-1300 6151: 6108: 6088: 6070: 6053: 6044: 6034:. Arms and Armour Press, p. 10, 6024: 6015: 5995: 5942: 5930:from the original on 21 May 2014 5915: 5864: 5839: 5775:. Osprey Publishing. p. 5. 5680:from the original on 13 May 2016 5600:, p. 229. Constable and Co. Ltd. 5398:The Sword in the Age of Chivalry 5119:from the original on 29 May 2012 4868:from the original on 3 June 2016 4763:. Osprey Publishing. p. 4. 4657:Royal United Service Institution 4517:. National Museum. p. 200. 4387:Miller, Douglas; John Richards. 4336:. Pragmatische Schriftlichkeit. 4003:from the original on 11 May 2016 3921:from the original on 19 May 2016 3878:from the original on 17 May 2016 3754:from the original on 15 May 2011 2128:developed the crossguard into a 1716: 1700: 1684: 1548: 1238: 1222: 1071:, which means 'cat-gutter'. The 651:In the first millennium BC, the 628:as a privilege reserved for the 596:), and from this time, the term 402:is attested from the Bronze Age 283:Apa-type swords, 17th-century BC 230:is an example of a non-European 103:, evolving from the dagger; the 8659:2nd-millennium BC introductions 6405:and Muhly, J. D., eds. (1980). 6349:Daily life in Chaucer's England 5814: 5789: 5764: 5731: 5719:from the original on 3 May 2016 5692: 5653: 5628: 5603: 5590: 5572:Wilkinson-Latham, John (1966). 5565: 5540: 5515: 5499:. 28 April 1967. Archived from 5458: 5438: 5374: 5365: 5339: 5312: 5271: 5244: 5215: 5202: 5158: 5131: 5104: 5022: 5013: 4977: 4952: 4880: 4841: 4821: 4808: 4727: 4696: 4669: 4649: 4623: 4608:Jones, Lee A. (15 March 1998). 4601: 4564: 4506: 4480: 4463: 4401: 4381: 4288: 4263: 4238: 4209: 4125: 4105: 4078: 4051: 4042: 4015: 3972: 3960:from the original on 8 May 2016 3933: 3890: 3851: 3804: 3789: 3780: 3745: 3711: 3692: 3658:Norwegian Archaeological Review 3649: 3621: 3608: 3591: 3557:American Journal of Archaeology 3544: 3206: 2689:swords could consist of only a 1029:In the 16th century, the large 808:and well into the Middle Ages. 181:and similar blades such as the 150:The use of a sword is known as 127:, developed into the classical 6420:Withers, Harvey J. S. (2006). 6335:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 6283:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 6267:. Courier Dover Publications. 6249:. Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press. 5444:Norman, B.; Vesey, A. (1980). 5113:"Traditional Filipino Weapons" 4949:Murty, M. L. K. (2003), p. 91. 4714:Trustees of the British Museum 3989:. CUA Press. pp. 447–49. 3517: 3490: 3463: 3438: 3385: 3373: 3361: 3229: 2965:, the hunter god in Hinduism. 2748:Sword scabbards and suspension 2327:Swords are commonly worn as a 1296:swords related to the Persian 1173: 749: 519:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 13: 1: 6514:Straight swords (Double-edge) 6407:The Coming of The Age of Iron 6331:Kirkland, J. Michael (2006). 6298:Gravett, Christopher (1997). 6281:The Encyclopedia of the Sword 5951:The Samurai sword: a handbook 5742:The Japanese Army 1931-45 (1) 5663:Japanese Army of World War II 5212:(ed. David H. Caldwell, 1981) 5168:records delivery of some 700 4490:. Fencing.net. Archived from 4445:. Osprey Publishing. p. 4409:"Greate Pier fan Wûnseradiel" 4245:Cirlot, Juan Eduardo (2002). 3858:Hanson, Victor Davis (1993). 3707:: 384 – via EBSCO host. 3598:PutraDanayu (30 March 2021). 3446:"sword | weapon | Britannica" 3195: 3084: 2997: 2821:The relatively comprehensive 2515: 1480: 1451:(shorter companion sword for 268: 165:Thrusting swords such as the 6913:Iron Age – Three Kingdom Era 6399:. Michigan University Press. 6135:Medieval Military Technology 6079:Royal Navy Book of Reference 5899:. gungfu.com. Archived from 5596:Tuchman, Barbara W. (1962). 4111:Laing, Lloyd Robert (2006). 4085:Ramsey, Syed (12 May 2016). 4022:Ramsey, Syed (12 May 2016). 3979:Mantello, Frank Anthony C.; 3720:Studies of Shang Archaeology 3701:Praehistorisches Zeitschrift 3670:10.1080/00293652.2014.920907 3524:Ramsey, Syed (12 May 2016). 3470:Ramsey, Syed (12 May 2016). 2681:, and a simple or elaborate 2408: 2258:Royal Dutch East Indies Army 2147:well into the 18th century. 2084:until as late as the 1850s. 1323: 876:swords began to develop the 377:, but not its basic design. 259:Chronology of bladed weapons 177:Slashing swords such as the 154:or, in a modern context, as 7: 6509:Curved swords (Single-edge) 6504:Thrusting swords (Edgeless) 6247:The Sword: Form and Thought 6117:European Weapons and Armour 5635:Johnson, Thomas M. (2006). 4676:Adams, Frank Kwesi (2010). 4546:The Encyclopædia Britannica 4091:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. 4028:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. 3530:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. 3476:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. 3121: 2795: 2766:, known as a 'sword belt'. 1675: 1665: 1652: 792:showing 13th-century swords 736:jiàn) is double-edged. The 586:(the term for its wielder, 463: 10: 8720: 7921:Curved saber of San Martín 6279:Evangelista, Nick (1995). 6212:Burton, Richard F. (2008). 5773:United States Marine Corps 5746:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 5010:Stone and LaRocca, p. 229. 4757:Turnbull, Stephen (2012). 4581:Greenwood Publishing Group 4571:Lindsay, James E. (2005). 4334:"Transkription von cgm582" 4064:. Pen and Sword Military. 3263:was much more common than 3088: 3001: 2937: 2842:As noted above, the terms 2799: 2751: 2740:was attached to a sword's 2650: 2599:(CoB) and the hilt is the 2547: 2526:The sword consists of the 2519: 2492:In the case of a rat-tail 2320: 2120:or from the swords of the 2091: 1985: 1435:(extra long field sword), 995:used against pikes in the 941: 777: 763: 760:Early and High Middle Ages 686:had introduced the curved 545: 500:graves, the sword and the 467: 272: 256: 241: 131:with crossguard. The word 53: 8608: 8448: 8412: 8372: 8301: 8250: 8089: 8018: 8007: 7996: 7893: 7838: 7745: 7724: 7717: 7685: 7665: 7649: 7633: 7617: 7608: 7573: 7416: 7407: 7362: 7321: 7312: 7285: 7237: 7190: 7169: 7160: 7115: 7089: 7080: 7045: 7024: 6988: 6967: 6958: 6928: 6912: 6896: 6887: 6862: 6831: 6810: 6789: 6780: 6713: 6660: 6617: 6550: 6529: 6522: 6494: 6409:. Yale University Press. 6316:Green, Thomas A. (2001). 6263:Edgerton; et al. (2002). 6115:Oakeshott, Ewart (1980). 5796:Regardie, Israel (1990). 5610:Lierneuz, Pierre (2017). 5526:. Brill. pp. 69–71. 5448:. Arms and Armour Press. 5111:Guro, Tony (4 May 2012). 5086:Malay World Edged Weapons 4760:Katana: The Samurai Sword 2985:Single vs. two-handed use 2905: 2228:, a sword similar to the 2016:Säbel auf Teutsch gefasst 1661: 1648: 1627: 1282:, descended from various 1254: 754: 682:In the 12th century, the 592:, became a court rank in 427:Indus Valley civilization 400:Sword production in China 226: 215:and the related Japanese 115:, as it developed in the 8689:Medieval European swords 8066:Shamshir-e Zomorrodnegar 7956:Sword of Saint Wenceslas 6989:Heian – Kamakura periods 6384:. Abhinav Publications. 5949:Yumoto, John M. (1979). 5922:Geißler, Robert (2014). 4848:Nagayama, Kōkan (1998). 4437:Miller, Douglas (1976). 4132:Franklin, Simon (2002). 3346:are loanwords in Latin; 3144:Classification of swords 3091:List of fictional swords 3055:Laws on carrying a sword 2806:Classification of swords 2543: 2522:Classification of swords 2295:Second Sino-Japanese War 2028:Early Modern Switzerland 1605:was also widely used by 857:(which is also known as 790:Morgan Bible of Louis IX 303:, Turkey, are made from 264:Prehistory and antiquity 31:latest accepted revision 7673:Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si 7046:Meiji period and beyond 7025:Muromachi – Edo periods 6395:Smith, William (1843). 6365:Naish, Camille (1991). 6238:6 November 2014 at the 6227:Comnena, Anna. (1928). 6001:Wagner, Eduard (2004). 5897:"Tang Types of a Sword" 5872:"All About Knife Tangs" 5846:Chappell, Mike (1993). 5771:Roffe, Michael (1972). 5738:Jowett, Philip (2002). 5702:Battles of World War II 5576:. Hutchinson & Co. 5493:"People: Apr. 28, 1967" 4986:"Wind-Powered Furnaces" 4933:September 2020, p. 40. 4247:A Dictionary of Symbols 4183:Studies in Conservation 3905:Oxford University Press 3551:Sandars, N. K. (1961). 3154:List of blade materials 2861: 2838:Single vs. double-edged 2646: 2040:was used after 1625 by 2000:A single-edged type of 1879:-wielding guerillas in 1867:Philippine–American War 1519:scriptures and art. In 880:(quillons). During the 632:and the upper classes. 612:, such as non-surgical 6904:Liaoning bronze dagger 6627:Migration Period sword 6422:World Swords 1400–1945 6030:Robson, Brian (1975). 5056:Saravanan, T. (2005). 4984:Freese, Brett Leslie. 4827:Jeep, John M. (1998). 4488:"Practical Side Sword" 4389:Landsknechte 1486–1560 4215:Jeep, John M. (2001). 3067: 2994: 2969:Backsword and falchion 2666: 2276: 2107: 1914: 1895:Pre-Columbian Americas 1869:in events such as the 1796: 1746: 1656:, lit. curling blade; 1537: 1441:(long cavalry sword), 1416: 1337: 1269: 1123:by modern collectors. 1011: 999: 793: 788:Battle scene from the 648: 580:introduced the longer 548:Migration Period sword 482: 326:, then in tin-bronze. 296: 284: 254: 121:Migration Period sword 72: 71:, 15th or 16th century 56:Sword (disambiguation) 7239:Post-classical period 6929:Goryeo and Joseon era 6897:Bronze Age – Gojoseon 6619:Post-classical period 6302:. Osprey Publishing. 6214:The Book of The Sword 5977:Loades, Mike (2010). 5699:Taylor, Mike (1998). 5666:. Osprey Publishing. 5470:22 April 2006 at the 5182:war against the Turks 4959:Teece, Geoff (2005). 4906:Takeo Tanaka. (2012) 4682:. OCMS. p. 138. 4219:. Routledge. p. 802, 3796:Wells, Peter (2017), 3718:Chang, K. C. (1982). 3294:13 March 2017 at the 3062: 3027:Hand and a half sword 2992: 2660: 2520:Further information: 2321:Further information: 2266: 2132:for hand protection. 2105: 2092:Further information: 1986:Further information: 1902: 1889:Filipino martial arts 1857:were used during the 1783: 1740: 1529: 1393: 1377:, a precursor to the 1331: 1262: 1008:Republic of Dubrovnik 1005: 988: 942:Further information: 847:in raids against the 787: 778:Further information: 764:Further information: 643: 546:Further information: 542:Greco-Roman antiquity 477: 421:, earliest available 290: 282: 249: 66: 7860:Seven-Branched Sword 7574:Spanish colonization 6968:Yayoi – Nara periods 5979:Swords and Swordsmen 5639:. Schiffer Pub Ltd. 5253:"Pappenheimer Sword" 5195:3 March 2016 at the 5019:Evangelista, p. 575. 4788:Ford, Roger (2006). 4631:"What is a takouba?" 4305:Simon & Schuster 3940:Fields, Nic (2009). 3777:Allchin, pp. 111–14. 3358:as the generic term. 3285:The English Language 2589:center of percussion 2384:Model 1859 NCO Sword 2368:Chief Petty Officers 2356:Lieutenant Commander 2060:) was common in the 1977:Early modern history 1793:Philippine mythology 1368:. Production of the 989:1548 depiction of a 702:Western Zhou dynasty 610:physical punishments 81:edged, bladed weapon 54:For other uses, see 8633:Order of succession 8036:Gan Jiang and Mo Ye 7966:Sword of Stalingrad 7287:Early modern period 7210:Parthian Long Sword 7116:Medieval and modern 6738:Basket-hilted sword 6662:Early modern period 6167:The Daily Telegraph 5705:. ABDO Publishing. 5186:Archduke Charles II 5070:on 22 October 2012. 4988:. archaeology.org. 3907:. pp. 216–17. 3251:Proto-Indo-European 3129:Glassmakers' symbol 2187:Late modern history 2130:basket-shaped guard 1988:Basket-hilted sword 1871:Battle of Balangiga 1745:of the 17th century 1649:சுருள் பட்டாக்கத்தி 1632:Indian subcontinent 1501:Indian subcontinent 554:Classical Antiquity 532:Indian subcontinent 419:Indian subcontinent 394:Bronze Age collapse 386:Bronze Age collapse 351:European Bronze Age 169:and eventually the 160:early modern period 91:, is attached to a 21:Page version status 8699:Ceremonial weapons 8076:Totsuka-no-Tsurugi 7634:Post-Classic stage 7267:Turko-Mongol Sabre 6715:Late modern period 6320:. V. 1. ABC-CLIO. 6197:Allchin, F. R. in 5903:on 30 October 2006 5598:The Guns of August 5319:Robinson, Nathan. 5037:: 34. March 1980. 4494:on 31 October 2010 4295:Tarassuk, Leonid; 3848:Prasad, chapter IX 3825:10.1111/arcm.12503 3616:Aegean Archaeology 3450:www.britannica.com 3324:, such as Italian 3164:Oakeshott typology 3068: 2995: 2823:Oakeshott typology 2778:A sword belt is a 2667: 2554:Oakeshott typology 2277: 2141:Scottish Highlands 2108: 1915: 1829:Ferdinand Magellan 1797: 1747: 1538: 1445:(long sword), and 1417: 1338: 1270: 1055:Pier Gerlofs Donia 1012: 1000: 794: 780:Oakeshott typology 649: 618:capital punishment 530:. Blades from the 483: 448:but more commonly 363:Griffzungenschwert 297: 285: 255: 232:double-edged sword 123:, and only in the 105:earliest specimens 73: 51:Long bladed weapon 27: 8646: 8645: 8638:Coronation anthem 8257: 8256: 8246: 8245: 8233:Sword of Damocles 8041:Kris Mpu Gandring 8031:Cura Si Manjakini 7994: 7993: 7901:Ballinderry Sword 7865:Sugari no Ontachi 7797: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7713: 7712: 7693:Pre-Columbian era 7681: 7680: 7604: 7603: 7403: 7402: 7308: 7307: 7156: 7155: 7076: 7075: 6954: 6953: 6883: 6882: 6776: 6775: 6403:Wertime, Theodore 6358:978-0-313-35951-4 6309:978-1-85532-657-6 6290:978-0-313-27896-9 6256:978 1 78327 427 7 6050:Smith, pp. 133–34 5988:978-1-84884-133-8 5960:978-0-8048-0509-4 5857:978-1-85532-357-5 5832:978-0-444-51667-1 5807:978-0-941404-12-9 5782:978-0-85045-115-3 5712:978-1-56239-804-0 5673:978-0-85045-118-4 5646:978-0-7643-2432-1 5621:978-3-902526-86-1 5583:978-0-09-081201-1 5558:978-0-275-93965-6 5533:978-90-04-08834-4 5407:978-0-85115-715-3 5235:978-1-84603-997-3 5227:Osprey Publishing 4970:978-1-58340-469-0 4861:978-4-7700-2071-0 4816:Samurai 1550–1600 4801:978-0-7566-2210-7 4770:978-1-84908-658-5 4594:978-0-313-32270-9 4524:978-87-89384-31-3 4456:978-0-85045-258-7 4281:978-1-84176-988-2 4256:978-0-486-42523-8 4151:978-0-511-03025-3 4098:978-93-86019-80-6 4071:978-1-5267-7275-6 4035:978-93-86019-80-6 3996:978-0-8132-0842-8 3953:978-1-84603-386-5 3914:978-0-19-815090-9 3871:978-0-415-09816-8 3729:978-0-300-03578-0 3642:978-0-691-02591-9 3537:978-93-86019-80-6 3510:978-1-78087-340-4 3483:978-93-86019-80-6 3409:Yener, K. Aslihan 3322:Romance languages 2597:center of balance 2403:First Barbary War 2375:U.S. Marine Corps 2299:armoured vehicles 2236:to adopt a heavy 2082:Gustavus Adolphus 2080:from the time of 2062:Thirty Years' War 2046:English Civil War 1507:often appears in 766:Carolingian sword 696:Chinese antiquity 636:Persian antiquity 423:Bronze age swords 344:Aegean Bronze Age 39:16 September 2024 18: 8711: 8704:Medieval weapons 8694:Ceremonial magic 8684:European weapons 8461:Ancient Egyptian 8449:Specific customs 8316:Coronation crown 8284: 8277: 8270: 8261: 8260: 8051:Kris Taming Sari 8046:Kris Setan Kober 8016: 8015: 8002: 7880:Sword of Victory 7870:Sword of Goujian 7855:Preah Khan Reach 7845: 7844: 7824: 7817: 7810: 7801: 7800: 7722: 7721: 7690: 7689: 7657:Preah Khan Reach 7615: 7614: 7414: 7413: 7385:Langgai Tinggang 7319: 7318: 7177:Bronze Age sword 7167: 7166: 7087: 7086: 6965: 6964: 6946:Four Tiger Sword 6894: 6893: 6787: 6786: 6537:Bronze Age sword 6527: 6526: 6473: 6466: 6459: 6450: 6449: 6362: 6313: 6294: 6260: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6163: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6130: 6121: 6120: 6112: 6106: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6057: 6051: 6048: 6042: 6028: 6022: 6019: 6013: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5974: 5965: 5964: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5793: 5787: 5786: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5745: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5607: 5601: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5480: 5474: 5462: 5456: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5390: 5381: 5380:Green pp. 583–84 5378: 5372: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5321:"Walloon Swords" 5316: 5310: 5309: 5303: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5248: 5242: 5219: 5213: 5206: 5200: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5066:. Archived from 5053: 5047: 5046: 5026: 5020: 5017: 5011: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4941: 4928: 4922: 4904: 4898: 4894:Mainichi Shimbun 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4845: 4839: 4825: 4819: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4754: 4748: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4637:on 7 August 2020 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4578: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4538: 4529: 4528: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4484: 4478: 4471:cut & thrust 4467: 4461: 4460: 4444: 4441:The Landsknechts 4434: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4405: 4399: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4359: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4330: 4321: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4227: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4175: 4166: 4165: 4160: 4158: 4139: 4129: 4123: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3837: 3836: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3625: 3619: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3405: 3396: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3233: 3218: 3210: 3045:two-handed sword 3004:Two-handed sword 2685:, which in post- 2568: 2561:Parts of a sword 2192:Military sidearm 2122:Italian nobility 2052:. The so-called 2014:, also known as 1971:Native Hawaiians 1909:broadsword from 1881:Balangiga, Samar 1843:by practices in 1833:Battle of Mactan 1720: 1704: 1688: 1678: 1668: 1663: 1655: 1650: 1629: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1536:sword from India 1493:history of India 1409:(top left), and 1242: 1226: 997:Battle of Kappel 938:Late Middle Ages 841:Charles the Bald 806:Migration period 770:Romanesque sword 562:Sassanid Empires 508:Indian antiquity 408:sword of Goujian 357:type (named for 305:arsenical bronze 275:Bronze Age sword 229: 228: 125:High Middle Ages 8719: 8718: 8714: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8709: 8708: 8679:European swords 8669:Ancient weapons 8649: 8648: 8647: 8642: 8621:List of current 8604: 8498:Central African 8444: 8408: 8382: 8368: 8347:Globus cruciger 8297: 8288: 8258: 8253: 8242: 8228:Sword of Attila 8085: 8010: 8003: 7990: 7981:Ulfberht swords 7926:Grunwald Swords 7889: 7834: 7828: 7798: 7789: 7741: 7709: 7677: 7661: 7645: 7629: 7610: 7600: 7569: 7399: 7358: 7304: 7281: 7233: 7186: 7162: 7152: 7143:Kayamkulam vaal 7111: 7072: 7041: 7020: 6984: 6950: 6924: 6908: 6879: 6858: 6827: 6806: 6772: 6709: 6656: 6613: 6546: 6518: 6490: 6484:classifications 6477: 6447: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6359: 6310: 6291: 6257: 6240:Wayback Machine 6216:. Cosimo, Inc. 6187: 6177: 6175: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6131: 6124: 6113: 6109: 6093: 6089: 6081: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6054: 6049: 6045: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6016: 6000: 5996: 5989: 5975: 5968: 5961: 5947: 5943: 5933: 5931: 5920: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5880: 5878: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5858: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5819: 5815: 5808: 5794: 5790: 5783: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5736: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5713: 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5674: 5658: 5654: 5647: 5633: 5629: 5622: 5608: 5604: 5595: 5591: 5584: 5570: 5566: 5559: 5545: 5541: 5534: 5520: 5516: 5506: 5504: 5503:on 29 June 2011 5491: 5484:Gaston Defferre 5481: 5477: 5472:Wayback Machine 5463: 5459: 5443: 5439: 5408: 5394:Ewart Oakeshott 5391: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5317: 5313: 5297: 5296: 5289: 5287: 5276: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5249: 5245: 5220: 5216: 5207: 5203: 5197:Wayback Machine 5176:delivered from 5163: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5054: 5050: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4982: 4978: 4971: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4929: 4925: 4905: 4901: 4897:. 27 March 2016 4885: 4881: 4871: 4869: 4862: 4846: 4842: 4826: 4822: 4813: 4809: 4802: 4786: 4782: 4771: 4755: 4751: 4734:Friday, Karl F. 4732: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4674: 4670: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4540: 4539: 4532: 4525: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4435: 4428: 4418: 4416: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4332: 4331: 4324: 4320:McLean, p. 178. 4319: 4312: 4293: 4289: 4282: 4268: 4264: 4257: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4214: 4210: 4195:10.2307/1505063 4179:Maryon, Herbert 4176: 4169: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4130: 4126: 4110: 4106: 4099: 4083: 4079: 4072: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4043: 4036: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3997: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3954: 3938: 3934: 3924: 3922: 3915: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3872: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3840: 3809: 3805: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3744: 3737: 3730: 3716: 3712: 3697: 3693: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3626: 3622: 3613: 3609: 3596: 3592: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3522: 3518: 3511: 3495: 3491: 3484: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3406: 3399: 3395:, 2012: 237–60. 3390: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3366: 3362: 3352:Classical Latin 3296:Wayback Machine 3237:Old High German 3234: 3230: 3221: 3211: 3207: 3198: 3193: 3184:Types of swords 3149:Japanese swords 3124: 3112:, shown in the 3105:science fiction 3093: 3087: 3057: 3029: 3006: 3000: 2987: 2971: 2963:Vettakkorumakan 2942: 2910: 2866: 2856:Gaelic claymore 2840: 2827:Ewart Oakeshott 2808: 2802:Types of swords 2800:Main articles: 2798: 2789:Roman legionary 2756: 2750: 2655: 2649: 2570: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2556: 2548:Main articles: 2546: 2524: 2518: 2435: 2411: 2329:ceremonial item 2325: 2319: 2194: 2189: 2100: 2090: 2074:hunting hangers 1998: 1984: 1979: 1961:Kiribati people 1957:Gilbert Islands 1953: 1951:Pacific Islands 1897: 1735: 1728: 1721: 1712: 1705: 1696: 1689: 1551: 1547: 1483: 1395:Japanese swords 1326: 1318:Odwira festival 1257: 1250: 1243: 1234: 1227: 1176: 964:(longsword) or 950: 940: 865:in a matrix of 782: 776: 762: 757: 752: 698: 638: 552:By the time of 550: 544: 510: 490:quench-hardened 472: 466: 458:Kallur, Raichur 333:(stiffness) of 331:Young's modulus 277: 271: 266: 261: 244: 117:Late Roman army 59: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 8717: 8707: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8624: 8623: 8612: 8610: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8602: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8518: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8464: 8463: 8452: 8450: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8416: 8414: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8307: 8305: 8299: 8298: 8287: 8286: 8279: 8272: 8264: 8255: 8254: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8223:Sword of Freyr 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8112:Claíomh Solais 8109: 8104: 8099: 8093: 8091: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8020: 8013: 8005: 8004: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7951:Sword of Peter 7948: 7946:Sword of Islam 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7906:Blessed swords 7903: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7875:Sword of Osman 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7851: 7849: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7827: 7826: 7819: 7812: 7804: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7728: 7726: 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7157: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7119: 7117: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7093: 7091: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7028: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6971: 6969: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6906: 6900: 6898: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6820: 6814: 6812: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6793: 6791: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6719: 6717: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6666: 6664: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6623: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6560:Iron Age sword 6556: 6554: 6552:Ancient period 6548: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6524: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6488:historical era 6486:by region and 6476: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6453: 6446: 6445:External links 6443: 6434: 6433: 6418: 6400: 6393: 6378: 6363: 6357: 6344: 6329: 6314: 6308: 6295: 6289: 6276: 6261: 6255: 6242: 6225: 6210: 6194: 6193: 6192: 6191: 6186: 6185: 6150: 6143: 6122: 6107: 6087: 6069: 6052: 6043: 6023: 6021:Burton, p. 124 6014: 5994: 5987: 5966: 5959: 5941: 5914: 5888: 5863: 5856: 5838: 5831: 5813: 5806: 5788: 5781: 5763: 5756: 5730: 5711: 5691: 5672: 5652: 5645: 5627: 5620: 5602: 5589: 5582: 5564: 5557: 5539: 5532: 5514: 5475: 5457: 5437: 5406: 5382: 5373: 5371:Kirkland p. 17 5364: 5338: 5311: 5270: 5251:Grandy, Bill. 5243: 5214: 5201: 5157: 5130: 5103: 5073: 5048: 5021: 5012: 5003: 4976: 4969: 4951: 4942: 4923: 4920:978-4062920933 4899: 4879: 4860: 4840: 4820: 4807: 4800: 4780: 4769: 4749: 4726: 4709:British Museum 4695: 4688: 4668: 4648: 4622: 4600: 4593: 4563: 4530: 4523: 4505: 4479: 4462: 4455: 4426: 4400: 4380: 4351: 4322: 4310: 4307:. p. 491. 4287: 4280: 4262: 4255: 4237: 4235:Gravett, p. 47 4228: 4208: 4167: 4150: 4124: 4104: 4097: 4077: 4070: 4050: 4041: 4034: 4014: 3995: 3971: 3952: 3932: 3913: 3889: 3870: 3850: 3838: 3803: 3788: 3786:Burton, p. 78. 3779: 3765: 3746:Cao, Hangang. 3735: 3728: 3710: 3691: 3648: 3641: 3620: 3607: 3590: 3569:10.2307/502497 3543: 3536: 3516: 3509: 3489: 3482: 3462: 3437: 3424:978-9004496934 3423: 3397: 3384: 3372: 3360: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3219: 3204: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3159:List of swords 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3139:Chinese swords 3136: 3131: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3089:Main article: 3086: 3083: 3056: 3053: 3028: 3025: 2999: 2996: 2986: 2983: 2970: 2967: 2955:Malabar region 2941: 2936: 2909: 2904: 2865: 2860: 2839: 2836: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2776: 2752:Main article: 2749: 2746: 2723:dueling swords 2651:Main article: 2648: 2645: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2545: 2542: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2505: 2497: 2434: 2433:Sword replicas 2431: 2410: 2407: 2364:Petty Officers 2362:are issued to 2337:courts-martial 2323:Sword of state 2318: 2317:Ceremonial use 2315: 2293:well into the 2269:Jack Churchill 2267:British Major 2240:, also called 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2145:dueling swords 2089: 2088:Duelling sword 2086: 2038:mortuary sword 2035:cut-and-thrust 1983: 1982:Military sword 1980: 1978: 1975: 1952: 1949: 1896: 1893: 1823:, the king of 1734: 1733:Southeast Asia 1731: 1730: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1713: 1706: 1699: 1697: 1690: 1683: 1482: 1479: 1415:(bottom left). 1385:Japanese sword 1366:Three Kingdoms 1325: 1322: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1244: 1237: 1235: 1228: 1221: 1175: 1172: 1139:Ottoman Empire 1121:cutting rapier 1103:knightly sword 1063:Doppelsöldners 1035:doppelsöldners 1010:(15th century) 962:langes Schwert 939: 936: 859:Damascus steel 829:tempered steel 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 708:. The Chinese 697: 694: 684:Seljuq dynasty 653:Persian armies 637: 634: 594:Constantinople 570:and the Roman 543: 540: 528:ancient Greece 514:Damascus steel 509: 506: 470:Iron Age sword 468:Main article: 465: 462: 369:(or a general 367:Northern Italy 324:arsenic copper 293:Nebra sky disk 273:Main article: 270: 267: 265: 262: 243: 240: 236:Iron Age sword 221:. The Chinese 209:, the Chinese 137:continues the 109:Iron Age sword 50: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8716: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8674:Blade weapons 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8607: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8411: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8371: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 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7853: 7852: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7825: 7820: 7818: 7813: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7802: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7725:Ancient Egypt 7723: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7691: 7688: 7684: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7664: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7641:Krabi–krabong 7639: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618:Classic stage 7616: 7613: 7607: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7586:Espada y daga 7584: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7572: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7396: 7395:Sikin Panjang 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7311: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7168: 7165: 7159: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7023: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6927: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6905: 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6467: 6462: 6460: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6442: 6439: 6431: 6430:0-9545910-1-1 6427: 6423: 6419: 6416: 6415:0-300-02425-8 6412: 6408: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6394: 6391: 6390:81-7017-053-2 6387: 6383: 6379: 6376: 6375:0-415-05585-7 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6354: 6350: 6345: 6342: 6341:0-313-30710-5 6338: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6326:1-57607-150-2 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6301: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6282: 6277: 6274: 6273:0-486-42229-1 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6252: 6248: 6243: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6222:1-60520-436-6 6219: 6215: 6211: 6208: 6207:90-04-05996-2 6204: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6162: 6154: 6146: 6144:9781442604971 6140: 6136: 6129: 6127: 6118: 6111: 6105: 6104:81-7601-491-5 6101: 6097: 6091: 6080: 6073: 6062: 6056: 6047: 6041: 6040:0-901721-33-6 6037: 6033: 6027: 6018: 6012: 6011:0-486-43392-7 6008: 6004: 5998: 5990: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5971: 5962: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5902: 5898: 5892: 5877: 5873: 5867: 5859: 5853: 5849: 5842: 5834: 5828: 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About.com. 5141: 5134: 5118: 5114: 5107: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5052: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5016: 5007: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4955: 4946: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4889: 4888:日本の技術の精巧さは... 4883: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4844: 4838: 4837:4-7700-2071-6 4834: 4830: 4824: 4817: 4811: 4803: 4797: 4793: 4792: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4762: 4761: 4753: 4747: 4746:0-415-32962-0 4743: 4739: 4735: 4730: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4699: 4691: 4689:9781870345590 4685: 4681: 4680: 4672: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4611: 4604: 4596: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4576: 4567: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4509: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4458: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4442: 4433: 4431: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4397:3-87748-636-3 4394: 4390: 4384: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4297:Blair, Claude 4291: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4266: 4258: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4232: 4226: 4225:0-8240-7644-3 4222: 4218: 4212: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4172: 4164: 4153: 4147: 4143: 4138: 4137: 4128: 4122: 4121:0-521-54740-7 4118: 4114: 4108: 4100: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4081: 4073: 4067: 4063: 4062: 4054: 4048:Naish, p. 39. 4045: 4037: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4018: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3975: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3936: 3920: 3916: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3893: 3877: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3854: 3845: 3843: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3807: 3799: 3792: 3783: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3652: 3644: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3629:Drews, Robert 3624: 3617: 3611: 3603: 3602: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3539: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3520: 3512: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3493: 3485: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3466: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3426: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3404: 3402: 3394: 3393:ORIGINI XXXIV 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3222: 3215: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3179:Swordsmanship 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3134:Arabic swords 3132: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3066: 3065:North Karelia 3061: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3033:bastard sword 3024: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3012:also allow a 3009: 3005: 2991: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2940: 2935: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2908: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2883: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2864: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2803: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2555: 2551: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2430: 2428: 2425:is used as a 2424: 2420: 2417:practices of 2416: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2352:United States 2349: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2281:cavalry sword 2274: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2117:espada ropera 2113: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2054:walloon sword 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1959:, the native 1958: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1901: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837:swordsmanship 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1775: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1744: 1739: 1727: 1726: 1719: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1703: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1687: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1666:ethunu kaduwa 1659: 1654: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1635: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1545: 1544: 1535: 1534: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1330: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1308:Asante people 1305: 1304: 1300:are known as 1299: 1295: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1268: 1267: 1263:20th century 1261: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1009: 1004: 998: 994: 993: 987: 983: 981: 977: 973: 972: 967: 963: 959: 955: 949: 945: 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 909:bastard sword 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 791: 786: 781: 775: 771: 767: 747: 745: 741: 740: 735: 731: 730: 725: 721: 717: 713: 712: 707: 703: 693: 691: 690: 685: 680: 677: 673: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 646: 642: 633: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 603: 601: 600: 595: 591: 590: 585: 584: 579: 575: 574: 569: 568: 563: 559: 555: 549: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 524:ancient India 521: 520: 515: 505: 503: 499: 494: 491: 487: 480: 476: 471: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 415: 413: 409: 405: 404:Shang dynasty 401: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 336: 332: 327: 325: 321: 317: 312: 310: 306: 302: 294: 289: 281: 276: 260: 252: 248: 239: 237: 233: 224: 220: 219: 214: 213: 208: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 184: 180: 175: 172: 168: 163: 161: 157: 153: 152:swordsmanship 148: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 97: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 70: 65: 61: 57: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 8597: 8425:the Americas 8413:By continent 8399:Enthronement 8358: 8346: 8321:Crown jewels 8295:enthronement 8139:(Caledfwlch) 7831: 7465:Dahong palay 7390:Parang Nabur 7370:Keris bahari 7322:Early period 7163:Central Asia 6753:Pistol sword 6637:Arming sword 6632:Viking sword 6440: 6437: 6421: 6406: 6396: 6381: 6366: 6351:. ABC-CLIO. 6348: 6332: 6317: 6299: 6280: 6264: 6246: 6228: 6213: 6198: 6190:Bibliography 6176:. Retrieved 6165: 6153: 6134: 6116: 6110: 6095: 6090: 6072: 6055: 6046: 6031: 6026: 6017: 6002: 5997: 5978: 5950: 5944: 5932:. Retrieved 5917: 5905:. Retrieved 5901:the original 5891: 5879:. Retrieved 5875: 5866: 5847: 5841: 5822: 5816: 5797: 5791: 5772: 5766: 5741: 5733: 5721:. Retrieved 5701: 5694: 5682:. Retrieved 5662: 5655: 5636: 5630: 5611: 5605: 5597: 5592: 5573: 5567: 5548: 5542: 5523: 5517: 5505:. Retrieved 5501:the original 5496: 5488:René Ribière 5478: 5460: 5445: 5440: 5397: 5376: 5367: 5355:. Retrieved 5341: 5329:. Retrieved 5314: 5288:. Retrieved 5273: 5261:. Retrieved 5246: 5222: 5217: 5209: 5204: 5173: 5169: 5160: 5148:. Retrieved 5133: 5121:. Retrieved 5106: 5094:. Retrieved 5085: 5076: 5068:the original 5061: 5051: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5015: 5006: 4994:. Retrieved 4979: 4960: 4954: 4945: 4930: 4926: 4907: 4902: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4870:. 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Latin had 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3246: 3239: 3231: 3208: 3174:Sword making 3113: 3101:magic swords 3094: 3079:capitularies 3069: 3030: 3018: 3010: 3007: 2972: 2948: 2946:South Indian 2943: 2938: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2906: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2862: 2841: 2832:arming sword 2820: 2809: 2787:used by the 2757: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2708: 2702: 2668: 2642: 2635: 2631:maker's mark 2624: 2617: 2611: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2535: 2525: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2443: 2436: 2427:magical tool 2412: 2388: 2372: 2345: 2326: 2303:World War II 2288: 2286: 2278: 2273:World War II 2241: 2223: 2210: 2198:self-defence 2195: 2166: 2149: 2134: 2115: 2109: 2078:Swedish army 2058:épée wallone 2057: 2050:single-edged 2032: 2019: 2015: 2009: 2004:used by the 1999: 1969:used by the 1964: 1954: 1925:Mesoamerican 1918: 1916: 1904: 1874: 1862: 1848: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1772: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1723: 1707: 1691: 1653:surul pattai 1638: 1636: 1617: 1615: 1602: 1590: 1541: 1539: 1531: 1504: 1486: 1484: 1472: 1468: 1462: 1456: 1452: 1446: 1442: 1436: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1378: 1372: 1359: 1350: 1344: 1339: 1333: 1311: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1273: 1271: 1264: 1245: 1229: 1204: 1195: 1186: 1177: 1168:self-defence 1157: 1142: 1136: 1132:swashbuckler 1125: 1120: 1117:sword rapier 1116: 1106: 1088: 1081: 1076: 1073:katzbalger's 1072: 1066: 1062: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1028: 1021:A number of 1020: 1013: 990: 969: 965: 961: 951: 917: 906: 902:plate armour 890:arming sword 871: 853: 822: 795: 744:Song dynasty 737: 727: 709: 699: 687: 681: 671: 669: 664: 656: 650: 622:decapitation 607: 604: 597: 587: 581: 578:Roman Empire 571: 565: 551: 517: 511: 495: 484: 416: 398: 390:Robert Drews 379: 362: 354: 348: 340:Minoan Crete 328: 315: 313: 298: 295:, c. 1600 BC 231: 222: 216: 210: 204: 192:World War II 176: 164: 149: 142: 132: 129:arming sword 98: 76: 74: 60: 38: 29:This is the 23: 8404:Investiture 8193:Mistilteinn 8071:Thuận Thiên 8009:Mythical or 7885:Tenka-Goken 7686:Mesoamerica 7409:Philippines 7363:Late period 7161:Western and 6936:Bonguk geom 6920:Hwandudaedo 6832:Ming – Qing 6743:Small sword 6700:Swiss degen 6480:Sword types 6229:The Alexiad 6098:. Amritsar 5876:Knife Depot 5848:The Gurkhas 5723:18 November 5684:18 November 5357:30 December 5331:30 December 5290:30 December 5263:30 December 4872:18 November 4556:10 November 4498:22 November 4373:10 November 4344:10 November 4157:14 November 4007:18 November 3981:Rigg, A. G. 3964:18 November 3925:18 November 3882:18 November 3503:. Quercus. 3332:and French 3235:cognate to 3118:franchise. 3076:Charlemagne 2852:great sword 2848:broad sword 2550:Sword blade 2534:. The term 2439:historicism 2401:during the 2382:. The USMC 2335:, reviews, 2177:pistol duel 2173:singlestick 2164:martial art 2160:swordsticks 2137:small sword 2098:Small sword 2070:knuckle-bow 2044:during the 2024:Swiss sabre 1911:Mesoamerica 1883:. When the 1859:revolutions 1801:Philippines 1789:Philippines 1741:Vietnamese 1361:hwandudaedo 1174:Middle East 1137:Within the 1095:Renaissance 1068:katzbalgers 1023:manuscripts 1016:animal hide 971:Fechtbücher 920:word of God 855:Wootz steel 798:Middle Ages 796:During the 750:Middle Ages 706:Han dynasty 626:Roman times 359:Julius Naue 251:Western Han 200:Pacific War 198:during the 188:World War I 139:Old English 8653:Categories 8528:Holy Roman 8291:Coronation 8158:Hauteclere 8107:Carnwennan 7971:Szczerbiec 7840:Historical 7700:Macuahuitl 7456:(Binangon) 7247:Arab sword 7170:Prehistory 7068:Shikomizue 6818:Hook sword 6680:Katzbalger 6670:Zweihänder 6530:Prehistory 6178:26 January 5926:. HROARR. 5907:7 November 5881:2 December 5432:Q105271484 5096:5 February 5082:"Kampilan" 5031:Black Belt 4996:6 November 4939:B08DGRWN98 4583:. p. 3758:3 November 3618:8, 111–36. 3430:15 January 3328:, Iberian 3196:References 3110:lightsaber 3085:In fiction 3072:Visigothic 3049:Zweihänder 3002:See also: 2998:Two-handed 2912:Among the 2812:Bronze Age 2742:crossguard 2738:rain guard 2729:obsolete. 2704:sword knot 2693:(called a 2691:crossguard 2687:Viking Age 2661:Hilt of a 2626:Zweihänder 2516:Morphology 2482:shortsword 2395:Tripolitan 2311:shin-gunto 2202:Modern Age 1920:macuahuitl 1906:macuahuitl 1855:baliswords 1662:එතුණු කඩුව 1587:Portuguese 1481:South Asia 1294:Abyssinian 1213:region of 1091:side-sword 1077:zweihänder 1065:also used 1047:zweihänder 1043:zweihänder 1039:Zweihänder 1031:zweihänder 992:zweihänder 978:type. 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