1482:). According to Bibliowicz, not only is this text a unique view into the milieu of the Jewish founders – its inclusion in the canon signals that as canonization began (fourth century onward) Torah observance among believers in Jesus was still authoritative. According to modern scholarship James, Q, Matthew, the Didache, and the pseudo-Clementine literature reflect a similar ethos, ethical perspective, and stand on, or assume, Torah observance. James call to Torah observance (James 1:22-27) ensures salvation (James 2:12–13, 14–26). Hartin is supportive of the focus on Torah observance and concludes that these texts support faith through action and sees them as reflecting the milieu of the Jewish followers of Jesus. Hub van de Sandt sees Matthew's and James' Torah observance reflected in a similar use of the Jewish Two Ways theme which is detectable in the Didache too (Didache 3:1–6). McKnight thinks that Torah observance is at the heart of James's ethics. A strong message against those advocating the rejection of Torah observance characterizes, and emanates from, this tradition: "Some have attempted while I am still alive, to transform my words by certain various interpretations, in order to teach the dissolution of the law; as though I myself were of such a mind, but did not freely proclaim it, which God forbid! For such a thing were to act in opposition to the law of God which was spoken by Moses, and was borne witness to by our Lord in respect of its eternal continuance; for thus he spoke: 'The heavens and the earth shall pass away, but one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass away from the law.
532:
555:
1320:
faith alone apart from deeds of the law (Galatians 2:16; Romans 3:21–22). Paul also taught that saving faith is not dead but alive, showing thanks to God in deeds of love (Galatians 5:6 ). James was dealing with errorists who said that if they had faith they didn't need to show love by a life of faith (James 2:14–17). James countered this error by teaching that faith is alive, showing itself to be so by deeds of love (James 2:18,26). James and Paul both teach that salvation is by faith alone and also that faith is never alone but shows itself to be alive by deeds of love that express a believer's thanks to God for the free gift of salvation by faith in Jesus.
991:), and includes an epistolary prescript that identifies the sender (“James”) and the recipients (“to the twelve tribes in the diaspora”) and provides a greeting (Jas 1:1). The epistle resembles the form of a Diaspora letter, written to encourage Jewish-Christian communities living outside of Israel amid the hardships of diaspora life. James stands in the tradition of the Jewish genre of "Letters to the Diaspora", including the letters of the members of the family of Gamaliel, the one preserved in 2 Maccabees 1:1-9, or some copied by Josephus, all of which are characterised by a double opening and an abrupt ending.
543:
475:
487:
4237:
4022:
of clearness.464 But he thereby brought Paul into direct verbal conflict with James, who says (James 2:24), "by works a man is justified, and not only by faith" ("nicht durch den
Glauben allein"). It is well known that Luther deemed it impossible to harmonize the two apostles in this article, and characterized the Epistle of James as an "epistle of straw," because it had no evangelical character ("keine evangelische Art").
4222:
77:
801:, which explains the quality of Greek in the letter. Dan McCartney notes this position has garnered little support. Others have advocated for a two-stage composition theory, in which many sayings in the epistle originate with James the brother of Jesus. They were collected by James’ disciples and redacted into the current form of the letter.
4021:
The most important example of dogmatic influence in Luther's version is the famous interpolation of the word alone in Rom. 3:28 (allein durch den
Glauben), by which he intended to emphasize his solifidian doctrine of justification, on the plea that the German idiom required the insertion for the sake
1260:
20 Do you want to be shown, you foolish person, that faith apart from works is useless? 21 Was not
Abraham our father justified by works when he offered up his son Isaac on the altar? 22 You see that faith was active along with his works, and faith was completed by his works; 23 and the Scripture was
1202:
The exact historical circumstances that occasioned the epistle are unknown. Those who understand James 2 as a polemic against Paul or Paul’s followers suggest an occasion for the letter aimed at opposing
Pauline justification. Others have argued that James' discussion on faith and works does not have
1041:
Some view the epistle as having no overarching outline: "James may have simply grouped together small 'thematic essays' without having more linear, Greco-Roman structures in mind." That view is generally supported by those who believe that the epistle may not be a true piece of correspondence between
1618:
era, Martin Luther took issue with the epistle on theological grounds, finding James' description of faith and works incompatible with his understanding of justification. Reportedly, he once went as far as to assert "I almost feel like throwing Jimmy into the stove", a metaphor for his being tempted
890:
Those who maintain that the epistle is pseudonymous generally date the epistle later, from the late first to mid-second century. This is based on a number of considerations, including the epistle's potential dependence on 1 Peter, potential response to Paul's writings or Paul's later followers, late
1419:
Do not merely listen to the word, and so deceive yourselves. Do what it says. Anyone who listens to the word but does not do what it says is like someone who looks at his face in a mirror and, after looking at himself, goes away and immediately forgets what he looks like. But whoever looks intently
1216:
Poverty and wealth are key concerns throughout the epistle, and these issues are likely to reflect the epistle's historical context. The author shows concern for vulnerable and marginalised groups, such as "orphans and widows" (Jas 1:27), believers who are "poorly clothed and lacking in daily food"
1075:
The third view of the structuring of James is a historical approach that is supported by scholars who are not content with leaving the book as "New
Testament wisdom literature, like a small book of proverbs" or "like a loose collection of random pearls dropped in no particular order onto a piece of
1414:
material in
Matthew are unique in the canon in their stand against the rejection of works and deeds. According to Sanders, traditional Christian theology wrongly divested the term "works" of its ethical grounding, part of the effort to characterize Judaism as legalistic. However, for James and for
1319:
Paul was dealing with one kind of error while James was dealing with a different error. The errorists Paul was dealing with were people who said that works of the law were needed to be added to faith in order to help earn God's favor. Paul countered this error by pointing out that salvation was by
1489:
James seem to propose a more radical and demanding interpretation of the law than mainstream
Judaism. According to Painter, there is nothing in James to suggest any relaxation of the demands of the law. "No doubt James takes for granted his readers' observance of the whole law, while focusing his
1252:
14 What good is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? Can that faith save him? 15 If a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacking in daily food, 16 and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, be warmed and filled,” without giving them the things needed for the
851:
The Greek in the
Epistle of James is rather accomplished, leading many scholars to believe that it could not have been written by Jesus’ brother. While it has been noted that James’s hometown of Galilee was sufficiently Hellenised by the first century CE to produce figures such as the rhetorician
1589:
Its late recognition in the Church, especially in the West, was a consequence primarily of its sparse attestation by earlier
Christian authors and its disputed authorship. Jerome reported that the Epistle of James "is claimed by some to have been published by some one else under his name, and
1584:
it is to be observed that it is disputed; at least, not many of the ancients have mentioned it, as is the case likewise with the epistle that bears the name of Jude, which is also one of the seven so-called catholic epistles. Nevertheless we know that these also, with the rest, have been read
1206:
Some scholars have suggested that the epistle was written to both
Christian and non-Christian Jews, who continued to worship together before the parting of the ways between Christianity and Judaism. The warning against cursing people (Jas 3:9–10) has been read in light of this historical
782:
The link between James the brother of Jesus and the epistle continued to strengthen, and is now considered the traditional view on the authorship of the work. The traditional view can be divided into at least three further positions that relate also to the date of the epistle:
1377:
Is anyone among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer of faith will save the one who is sick, and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be
886:
20.197–203), James the brother of Jesus was killed in 62 CE, during the high priesthood of Ananus. Those who hold to traditional authorship date the epistle to sometime before 62 CE, in the forties or fifties, making it one of the earliest writings of the New Testament.
4225:
844:. The real author chose to write under the name James, intending that the audience perceive James the brother of Jesus as the author. Scholars who maintain pseudonymous authorship differ on whether this was a deceitful or pious practice.
3204:
The gift of faith remains in one who has not sinned against it. But 'faith apart from works is dead': when it is deprived of hope and love, faith does not fully unite the believer to Christ and does not make him a living member of his
1415:
all Jews, faith is alive only through Torah observance. In other words, belief demonstrates itself through practice and manifestation. For James, claims about belief are empty, unless they are alive in action, works and deeds.
1310:
The early Protestants resolved the apparent conflict between James and Paul regarding faith and works in alternate ways from the Catholics and Orthodox. One modern American Protestant explanation pre-supposes that James taught
1264:
25 And in the same way was not also Rahab the prostitute justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out by another way? 26 For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, so also faith apart from works is
1256:
18 But someone will say, “You have faith and I have works.” Show me your faith apart from your works, and I will show you my faith by my works. 19 You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe—and shudder!
1052:
says, "the subjects treated of in the Epistle are many and various; moreover, St. James not infrequently, whilst elucidating a certain point, passes abruptly to another, and presently resumes once more his former argument."
1056:
Others view the letter as having only broad topical or thematic structure. They generally organize James under three (in the views of Ralph Martin) to seven (in the views of Luke Johnson) general key themes or segments.
1619:
to remove the Epistle of James from the Bible. Luther nonetheless chose to include James in his German translation of the Bible, though he moved it (along with Hebrews, Jude, and Revelation) to the end of the Bible.
1278:
This passage has been contrasted with the teachings of Paul the Apostle on justification. Some scholars even believe that the passage is a response to Paul. One issue in the debate is the meaning of the Greek word
660:
The epistle aims to reach a wide Jewish audience. During the last decades, the epistle of James has attracted increasing scholarly interest due to a surge in the quest for the historical James, his role within the
747:(reported to also be the son of Alphaeus). Of these, James the brother of Jesus has the most prominent role in the early church, and is often understood as either the author of the epistle, or the implied author.
1064:
James, like the gospel writers, can be seen as a purposeful theologian, carefully weaving his smaller units together into larger fabrics of thought and using his overall structure to prioritize his key themes.
3764:
665:, his beliefs, and his relationships and views. This James revival is also associated with an increasing level of awareness of the Jewish grounding of both the epistle and the early Jesus movement.
1006:, it consists largely of moral exhortations and precepts of a traditional and eclectic nature." The epistle also has affinities with many of the sayings of Jesus which are found in the gospels of
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fulfilled that says, “Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness”—and he was called a friend of God. 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone.
1448:
Speak and act as those who are going to be judged by the law that gives freedom, because judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment.
894:
The historiographic debate currently seems to be leaning to the side of those in favor of early dating, although not through irrefutable evidence but through indications and probabilities.
768:
2.23.25). Jerome reported that the Epistle of James "is claimed by some to have been published by some one else under his name, and gradually, as time went on, to have gained authority" (
797:
Many who affirm traditional authorship think James had a sufficient proficiency in Greek education to write the letter himself. Some argue that James the brother of Jesus made use of an
1402:) indicated a considerable development of ecclesiastical organisation "whereas in Paul's day to heal and work miracles pertained to believers indiscriminately (I Corinthians, XII:9)."
1025:
Other scholars have noted the epistle's affinities with Greco-Roman philosophical literature. The author's use and transformation of Q materials resembles the Hellenistic practice of
807:
and others suggested that the author was the James, son of Alphaeus, who is referred to as James the Less (often identified as James the "brother" of Jesus). The Protestant reformer
550:, quoting James 3:17, "But the wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure; then peace-loving, considerate, submissive, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial and sincere."
1461:
The epistle emphasizes the importance of acts of charity or works to go along with having the Christian faith by means the following three verses in Chapter 2 of his Epistle:
1434:
Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world.
4809:
2411:
Israel M. Gallarte & Jesús Peláez. (2016). In mari via tua. Philological Studies in Honour of Antonio Piñero. Ediciones El Almendro de Córdoba, S.L. pp. 611-12.
1217:(Jas 2:15), and the oppressed waged-worker (Jas 5:4). He writes strongly against the rich (Jas 1:10; 5:1–6) and those who show partiality towards them (Jas 2:1–7).
650:
531:
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teaches that the Book of James was "written not by either of the apostles, but by the 'brother of the Lord' who was the first bishop of the Church in Jerusalem."
554:
4441:
2519:
Doering, Lutz (2005). "Jeremiah and the 'Diaspora Letters' of Ancient Judaism: Epistolary Communication with the Golah as Medium for Dealing with the Present".
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suggested that the passage was evidence of late authorship of the epistle, on the grounds that the healing of the sick being done through an official body of
1207:
reconstruction, and Dale Allison has argued that “James reflects an environment in which some Jews, unhappy with Jewish Christians, were beginning to use the
3999:
3775:
518:
3261:
1291:, 'render righteous or such as he ought to be'), with some among the participants taking the view that James is responding to a misunderstanding of Paul.
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into the perfect law that gives freedom, and continues in it—not forgetting what they have heard, but doing it—they will be blessed in what they do."
1756:
3742:
762:
writes that "James, who is said to be the author of the first of the so-called catholic epistles. But it is to be observed that it is disputed" (
3565:
Law and Ethics in Matthew's Antitheses and James's Letter van de Sandt, Huub and Zangenberg, eds. Introduction in Matthew, James and the Didache
863:
The Epistle of James appears to borrow from 1 Peter, and if this is the case, James must be dated after 1 Peter (often dated between 70–100 CE).
2313:
3624:
Chilton B. and Evans C. A. Eds. (2005). "James and the Gentiles in The Missions of James, Peter, and Paul: Tensions in Early Christianity".
1979:
Chilton B. and Evans C. A. Eds. (2005). "James and the Gentiles in The Missions of James, Peter, and Paul: Tensions in Early Christianity".
1467:-2:18. But some man will say: Thou hast faith, and I have works. Shew me thy faith without works; and I will shew thee, by works, my faith.
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1892:
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5308:
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4202:
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A third group believes that James was more purposeful in structuring his letter, linking each paragraph theologically and thematically:
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4133:
3989:
Martin Luther, Career of the Reformer IV, ed. Helmut T. Lehmann and Lewis W. Spitz, Luther’s Works 34 (St. Louis: Concordia, 1960), 317
1568:. Neither is James mentioned by Tertullian (c. 155–220 CE) or Cyprian (c. 210–258 CE), and its authenticity of the epistle doubted by
793:
The historical James wrote his letter after the events recorded in Galatians and Acts, but is not in dialogue with Paul or Paulinism.
787:
The historical James wrote the letter prior to the Galatians controversy (Gal 2:11–14), and prior to the Jerusalem council (Acts 15);
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1648:
511:
405:
2478:
The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
735:) was an extremely common name in antiquity, and a number of early Christian figures are named James, including: James the son of
5385:
615:, James writes in order to encourage his readers to live consistently with what they have learned in Christ. He condemns various
4456:
1353:". A more recent article suggests that the current confusion regarding the Epistle of James about faith and works resulted from
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5288:
4083:
2482:
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The Catholic Epistles and Apostolic Tradition: A New Perspective on James and Jude, ed. Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhr and Robert W. Wall
433:
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1346:
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3842:
3817:
3547:
3391:
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2528:
2490:
2396:
2267:
1750:
1611:(367 CE), and subsequently affirmed by the Councils of Laodicea (c. 363 CE), of Rome (382 CE) and of Carthage (397 and 419).
1499:
If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask of God, who gives to all liberally and without reproach, and it will be given to him.
1778:
4994:
3269:
2711:
1464:-2:14. What shall it profit, my brethren, if a man say he hath faith, but hath not works? Shall faith be able to save him?
3486:
1956:
James and Peter models of leadership and mission in Chilton Bruce & Evans Craig The Missions of James, Peter, and Paul
5100:
4436:
3273:
2421:
1603:(poss. 2nd to 4th century), the Cheltenham list (c. 360 CE), but was listed with the twenty-seven New Testament books by
1301:
have historically argued that the passage disproves simplistic versions of the doctrine of justification by faith alone (
866:
If the Epistle envisages a conflict with later Paulinism, this would likewise presuppose a time after the death of James.
504:
243:
4461:
3136:. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans. pp. 259–263.
2575:
F.O. Francis. (1970). “The Form and Function of the Opening and Closing Paragraphs of James and 1John”. ZNW 61, 110-126.
5421:
5095:
4956:
4167:
3732:
3597:
3572:
3540:
James and the Jerusalem Community in Skarsaune and Reidar Hvalvik, eds., Jewish Believers in Jesus: The Early Centuries
3522:
3306:
2336:
2242:
2235:
The Jewish Teachers of Jesus, James, and Jude: What Earliest Christianity Learned from the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
2217:
2192:
2074:
2005:
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The earliest recorded references to the Epistle of James highlight the contentious nature of the epistle’s authorship.
400:
238:
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4143:
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3105:
3080:
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2099:
2030:
389:
195:
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Reading the Present in the Qumran Library: The Perception of the Contemporary by Means of Scriptural Interpretations
1554:
19.23) in the third century. Scholars have generally rejected the possible second-century allusions to James in the
5510:
5181:
5058:
4909:
4487:
3670:
3319:
Wilson, Kenneth (2020). "Reading James 2:18–20 with Anti-Donatist Eyes: Untangling Augustine's Exegetical Legacy".
1022:). Some scholars have argued that the author of James is familiar with a version of Q rather than Luke or Matthew.
190:
4451:
1029:, in which the author must "rival and vie with the original in the expression of the same thoughts” (Quintilian,
5441:
3664:
3297:
The Brother of Jesus: The Dramatic Story & Meaning of the First Archaeological Link to Jesus & His Family
1628:
1525:
373:
3249:
When, therefore, the Sophists set up James against Paul, they go astray through the ambiguous meaning of a term.
2857:, rev. ed., 17 vols. (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1976), Vol 14, The Letters of James and Peter, p. 28.
891:
attestation in the historical record, and the 3rd and 4th century disputes concerning the epistle's authorship.
4315:
3949:
3648:
3641:
James and Jesus in The brother of Jesus in James the Just and his mission, eds. Chilton Bruce and Neusner Jacob
3418:
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Paul as a Jewish Believer in Skarsaune and Reidar Hvalvik, eds., Jewish Believers in Jesus: The Early Centuries
3366:
2600:
2137:
1963:
1921:
1845:
1820:
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polemic in the early fifth century. This approach reconciles the views of Paul and James on faith and works.
1338:
770:
2258:
Jackson-McCabe, Matt (2009). "The Politics of Pseudepigraphy and the Letter of James". In Frey, Jörg (ed.).
5515:
5390:
1520:
claims that the reading and contemplation of this verse inspired him to ask God for wisdom, leading to his
635:. He encourages and implores believers to live humbly by godly, rather than worldly, wisdom; he encourages
98:
1799:
1504:
5474:
4904:
4480:
2422:"The New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room, Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF), MĂĽnster"
1937:
1564:
1033:. 10.5.5). Other studies have analysed sections of James in light of Greco-Roman rhetorical conventions.
384:
3859:
5505:
5078:
1896:
860:, there is no evidence (outside the Epistle of James) to suggest that James attained a Greek education.
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The author is identified as “James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ” (James 1:1). James (
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identifies the author as "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" who is writing to "the
222:
35:
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31:
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1604:
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27:
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List, Nicholas (2020). "Problematising Dependency: Soteriology and Vocabulary in James and Paul".
5411:
5283:
5140:
5001:
4741:
4199:
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K.-W. Niebuhr. (1998). “Der Jakobusbrief im Licht frühjüdischer Diasporabriefe”. NTS 44, 420-443.
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744:
674:
601:
597:
311:
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1815:. New International Greek Testament Commentary (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans.
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and other Jewish and non-Jewish sources, and "Paul was not anti-law any more than James was a
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James is unique in the canon by its explicit and wholehearted support of Torah observance (
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82:
39:
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Forged: Writing in the Name of God – Why the Bible's Authors Are Not Who We Think They Are
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Some of the oldest surviving manuscripts that contain some or all of this letter include:
8:
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4582:
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body, what good is that? 17 So also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead.
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4284:
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George, Timothy (1986). "'A Right Strawy Epistle': Reformation Perspectives on James".
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3037:
3002:
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Kloppenborg, John S. (2007). "Diaspora Discourse: The Construction of Ethos in James".
2934:
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1080:
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359:
2546:"To the Twelve Tribes in the Diaspora': Faith and Faithfulness in the Letter of James"
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1708:"Jimmy" is short for "James", which is how the Epistle of James is often referred to.
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Framing his letter within an overall theme of patient perseverance during trials and
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The first explicit references to the Epistle of James are found in the writings of
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The Catholic Epistles and Apostolic Tradition: A New Perspective on James and Jude
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3219:"The Synod of Jerusalem and the Confession of Dositheus, A.D. 1672: Article XIII"
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Mitchell, Margaret M. (2007). "The Letter of James as a Document of Paulinism?".
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20:
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Reading James with New Eyes: Methodological Reassessments of the Letter of James
758:
4.8.2), though this is only preserved in Rufinus’s Latin translation of Origen.
5464:
5446:
5380:
5043:
5038:
5033:
4989:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4760:
4736:
4697:
4647:
4627:
4597:
4577:
4562:
4557:
4537:
4503:
4355:
4153:
4047:
3710:
3072:
2641:
Jackson-McCabe, Matt (2019). "The Letter of James and Hellenistic Philosophy".
1541:
1209:
1007:
716:
686:
632:
628:
131:
126:
121:
3182:
2998:
2727:
2695:
John S., Kloppenborg (2009). "The Reception of the Jesus Tradition in James".
2425:
547:
5489:
5211:
5020:
4889:
4755:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4652:
4622:
4520:
4280:
4129:
2930:
2782:
2735:
2681:
2472:
1865:
808:
642:
583:
142:
68:
3408:
2774:
2373:
790:
The historical James wrote the letter in response to Paulinism of some sort;
754:
may be the first person to link the epistle to "James the brother of Lord" (
636:
5469:
5369:
5298:
5200:
4662:
4657:
4617:
4587:
4567:
4515:
4162:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1255–1263.
2970:
2953:
1638:
1579:
1537:
1521:
1517:
1342:
835:
692:
646:
479:
3809:
3063:
Holloway, Paul A. (2010). "The Letter of James". In Aune, David E. (ed.).
3020:
Allison, Dale C. (2011). "Blessing God and Cursing People: James 3:9-10".
5352:
4948:
4866:
4861:
4775:
4770:
4602:
3434:
Hartin, Patrick J. (2015). "The Letter of James: Faith Leads to Action".
2353:
1615:
1470:-2:20. But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead?
1391:
1083:
or Greco-Roman rhetorical structures to describe the structure of James.
913:
840:
A prevalent view within scholarship considers the Epistle of James to be
804:
587:
5186:
4000:"The "Epistle of Straw": Reflections on Luther and the Epistle of James"
3590:
The Letter of James in New International Commentary on the New Testament
3098:
Has God Not Chosen the Poor?: The Social Setting of the Epistle of James
3041:
2853:
Some numerous writers and commentators assume so, like William Barclay,
542:
5341:
4399:
2759:"The Rhetoric of James 3:1-12 and a Classical Pattern of Argumentation"
2468:
1479:
949:
943:
907:
901:
876:
847:
The following arguments are often cited in support of pseudepigraphy:
798:
612:
535:
167:
2545:
2352:
Bauckham, Richard (1999). "For what offence was James put to death?".
2327:
McCartney, Dan G (2009). Robert W Yarbrough and Robert H Stein (ed.).
4856:
4472:
3033:
2208:
David R., Nienhuis (2009). "James as Canon-Conscious Pseudepigraph".
1395:
1303:
1286:
1239:
964:
841:
624:
4217:(ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
3512:
1995:
875:
The original manuscript of this letter is lost. The earliest extant
5363:
4933:
4920:
4899:
4846:
4841:
4300:
4261:
4229:
1411:
1358:
1015:
759:
579:
3967:
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle of Saint James
2358:. Bruce Chilton, Craig A. Evans. Leiden: Brill. pp. 199–232.
5375:
5240:
4345:
4236:
3914:
3514:
Jewish-Christian Relations – The First Centuries (Mascarat, 2019)
3120:
1997:
Jewish-Christian Relations – The First Centuries (Mascarat, 2019)
988:
604:(James the Just), and the audience is considered generally to be
593:
575:
486:
163:
3386:. Peabody, Mass.: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 96–120.
2869:
A Linguistic Investigation into the Discource Structure of James
2645:. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature Press. pp. 45–71.
2260:
Pseudepigraphie und Verfasserfiktion in frĂĽhchristlichen Briefen
5346:
5223:
4607:
4404:
4363:
4350:
3623:
3542:. Peabody, Mass.: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 64–95.
1978:
1838:
Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation
1003:
751:
600:
scattered abroad". Traditionally, the epistle is attributed to
94:
2128:
Davids, P. H. (2001). "James's Message: The Literary Record".
4507:
4394:
4373:
4360:
4156:(2007). "76. James". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.).
3643:. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. p. 1105.
3183:
New Testament History & Literature: 18. Arguing with Paul
1280:
1244:
The epistle contains the following famous passage concerning
620:
3901:
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle of James
3802:
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle of James
2285:
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle of James
1694:
616:
2712:"James 2 in Light of Greco-Roman Schemes of Argumentation"
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
1800:
20. James: Introduction, Outline, and Argument. Bible.org
3835:
The Use of the Old and New Testaments in Clement of Rome
3227:
Man is justified, not by faith alone, but also by works.
2523:. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. p. 44.
2440:
2329:
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: James
2164:
2067:
James, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
1590:
gradually, as time went on, to have gained authority" (
3301:
HarperSanFrancisco, CA. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
76:
3864:. London: Hutchinson University Library. p. 155.
2643:
Reading the Epistle of James: A Resource for Students
2287:. New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. pp. 67–70.
1679:(which is also its most common form of abbreviation;
1405:
1213:
or something very much like it” to curse Christians.
956:
An ancient manuscript containing this chapter in the
4082:. The New International Greek Testament Commentary.
4079:
The Epistle of James: a commentary on the Greek text
2591:. San Francisco: HarperCollins Publishers. pp.
2130:
The Brother of Jesus: James the Just and His Mission
1813:
The Epistle of James: A Commentary on the Greek Text
1369:
The epistle is also the chief biblical text for the
710:
3295:Shanks, Hershel and Witherington III, Ben. (2004).
2794:
2792:
870:
730:
26:Chapter numbers redirect here; for the kings, see:
3487:"Catholic Epistle of St. James the Apostle | EWTN"
3350:
3288:
2092:James: Wisdom of James, disciple of Jesus the sage
2046:Brooks, James A. (2000). "Introduction to James".
1236:Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification
1524:, and thus what his followers consider to be the
994:Many consider James to have affinities to Jewish
5487:
2789:
2069:. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. pp. 14–18.
1094:divides the letter into the following sections:
4200:English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
3774:. 3 December 2017. pp. 7–8. Archived from
3743:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2237:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 46.
2132:. Louisville: John Knox Press. pp. 66–67.
2640:
2257:
2212:. Waco: Baylor University Press. p. 185.
1046:, formulated as a letter for circulation. The
879:of James date to the mid-to-late 3rd century.
4488:
4316:
3804:. London: T&T Clark. pp. 17, 20–23.
3592:. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. pp. 34–6.
2320:
1745:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 1011.
512:
3944:(2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. p. 173.
3065:The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament
2954:"The Jewish Setting of the Epistle of James"
2699:. Waco: Baylor University Press. p. 87.
1958:. Leiden, Netherlands.: Brill. p. 209.
1836:Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans (ed.).
1512:This verse has particular importance in the
1014:(i.e., those attributed to the hypothetical
538:(3rd century AD), with part of James 2 and 3
3874:
3677:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
3175:
2984:
2655:
2481:. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids:
1859:
1857:
1493:
4495:
4481:
4323:
4309:
4135:Reading the New Testament: An Introduction
3510:
2467:
2312:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1993:
1863:
1578:2.23.25, Eusebius classes James among the
829:
519:
505:
3342:
2969:
2896:. London: T&T Clark. pp. 75–98.
2658:"James 1:2-15 and Hellenistic Psychagogy"
2326:
2064:
1916:. Eerdman's Publishing. pp. 41, 86.
1599:The Epistle of James is missing from the
987:The Epistle of James is a public letter (
777:
3638:
3587:
3537:
3131:
3067:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 572.
3062:
2891:
2798:
2509:, Oxford University Press, 1977, p. 316.
2386:
2351:
2207:
2187:. New York: HarperOne. pp. 192–99.
2089:
1854:
1649:Textual variants in the Epistle of James
1364:
553:
541:
530:
4152:
4128:
4100:
3799:
3765:"Community of Christ Lessons— Children"
3491:EWTN Global Catholic Television Network
3406:
3019:
2951:
2843:. Grand Rapids: Pillar. pp. 11–16.
2838:
2803:. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. p. 23.
2694:
2518:
2507:The Early Versions of the New Testament
2499:
2455:
2282:
2262:. TĂĽbingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 622.
2232:
2170:
2020:
1953:
1909:
645:considered the epistle to be among the
5488:
4502:
4072:
4033:
3939:
3921:. The Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation
3832:
3562:
3433:
3381:
3318:
3216:
2866:
2828:. Waco, TX: WBC. p. xcviii – civ.
2823:
2756:
2709:
2615:
2543:
2483:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
2297:
2182:
2127:
2045:
1810:
1328:, Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod
4476:
4304:
3964:
3879:. London: T&T Clark. p. 16.
3857:
3567:. Atlanta, GA: SBL. p. 315,365.
3348:
3245:Commentaries on the Catholic Epistles
3095:
2461:
1900:, OCA, (n.d.). Accessed 11 Dec. 2018.
1888:
1886:
1835:
1197:
815:and termed it an "epistle of straw".
608:, who were dispersed outside Israel.
4330:
3912:
3270:Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod
3254:
2916:
2584:
2355:James the Just and Christian origins
85:, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9
5427:Other books referenced in the Bible
5386:New Testament manuscript categories
3837:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 248–256.
2025:. New York: Doubleday. p. 93.
1840:. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor.
1473:
1042:specific parties but an example of
700:
13:
4957:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
4012:
3915:"Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History"
3861:The Formation of the New Testament
3238:
2154:"HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH*"
1883:
1781:from the original on 21 April 2022
1406:Works, deeds and care for the poor
1341:Paul and James, but both used the
14:
5527:
4184:
3969:. Edinburgh: Clark. p. 102.
3696:
3100:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
2620:. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic.
2300:Introduction to the New Testament
2094:. London: Routledge. p. 24.
1759:from the original on 3 June 2021.
1667:The book is sometimes called the
1528:—the creation of the LDS church.
1490:attention on its moral demands."
4235:
4220:
4027:
4006:
3992:
3626:Supplements to Novum Testamentum
3517:. WA: Mascarat. pp. 70–73.
3200:Catechism of the Catholic Church
2674:10.1163/004810010X12577565604134
2618:James and the Q Sayings of Jesus
2331:. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
2048:Southwestern Journal of Theology
2000:. WA: Mascarat. pp. 70–72.
1981:Supplements to Novum Testamentum
1337:, differences exist between the
1225:
871:Dating and surviving manuscripts
485:
473:
75:
5442:Biblical and Quranic narratives
4066:
3983:
3958:
3933:
3906:
3893:
3868:
3851:
3826:
3793:
3757:
3725:
3690:
3657:
3632:
3617:
3606:
3581:
3556:
3531:
3504:
3479:
3468:
3457:
3446:
3427:
3413:. Fortress Press. p. 236.
3400:
3375:
3331:
3312:
3232:
3210:
3196:"The Theological Virtues: 1815"
3188:
3150:
3125:
3114:
3089:
3056:
3013:
2978:
2945:
2910:
2885:
2860:
2847:
2832:
2817:
2750:
2703:
2688:
2649:
2634:
2609:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2537:
2512:
2414:
2405:
2380:
2345:
2291:
2276:
2251:
2226:
2201:
2176:
2146:
2121:
2108:
2083:
2058:
2039:
2014:
1987:
1972:
1947:
1930:
1913:Brother of Jesus, Friend of God
1903:
1702:
1629:Abrogation of Old Covenant laws
1585:publicly in very many churches.
586:. It was written originally in
3701:What about the Book of Mormon?
3321:Journal of Biblical Literature
3022:Journal of Biblical Literature
2021:Johnson, Luke Timothy (1996).
1829:
1804:
1793:
1763:
1733:
1722:
1661:
653:, although he cited it in his
81:Papyrus 46, one of the oldest
1:
3875:Kloppenborg, John S. (2022).
3707:Church of Christ (Temple Lot)
3357:. London: Pemberton. p.
3353:The Jesus of Early Christians
3349:Wells, George Albert (1971).
2656:Kloppenborg, John S. (2010).
2588:The HarperCollins Study Bible
1715:
1531:
811:denied it was the work of an
668:
3877:James (New Testament Guides)
3511:Bibliowicz, Abel M. (2019).
3410:Paul and Palestinian Judaism
1994:Bibliowicz, Abel M. (2019).
1864:Camerlynck, Achille (1910).
1695:
1582:or disputed works, stating
1287:
1203:Pauline categories in view.
1036:
7:
4228:public domain audiobook at
4191:Multiple bible versions at
4159:The Oxford Bible Commentary
3965:Ropes, James Hardy (1916).
3942:Early Egyptian Christianity
3563:Hartin, Patrick J. (2008).
2616:Hartin, Patrick J. (1991).
1622:
1609:Thirty-Ninth Festal Epistle
1220:
1079:A fourth group uses modern
731:
711:
651:sidelined it to an appendix
10:
5532:
5422:English Bible translations
4810:Song of the Three Children
4048:10.1177/003463738608300303
4016:History of the Reformation
3940:Griggs, C Wilfred (1991).
3699:"The Book of Mormon (From
3639:Bauckham, Richard (2001).
3538:Bauckham, Richard (2007).
3382:Hagner, Donald A. (2007).
3073:10.1002/9781444318937.ch33
2233:deSilva, David A. (2012).
2090:Bauckham, Richard (1999).
1897:Orthodox Church in America
1771:"Bible Book Abbreviations"
1684:
1535:
1514:Latter Day Saint tradition
1281:
1229:
1135:Warning against Partiality
1129:Hearing and Doing the Word
833:
745:James the brother of Jesus
672:
602:James the brother of Jesus
36:James III (disambiguation)
25:
18:
5460:
5404:
5322:
5276:
5174:
5019:
4982:
4947:
4918:
4880:
4825:
4732:
4716:
4514:
4457:American Standard Version
4429:
4413:
4382:
4338:
4289:
4277:
4269:
4252:
4114:. Yale University Press.
4112:Anchor Bible Commentaries
3800:Allison, Dale C. (2013).
3225:. Harper & Brothers.
2999:10.1017/S0028688507000148
2952:Allison, Dale C. (2015).
2871:. London: T&T Clark.
2757:Watson, Duane F. (1993).
2728:10.1017/S0028688500020312
2710:Watson, Duane F. (1993).
2544:Hearon, Holly E. (2016).
2387:Dibelius, Martin (1988).
2283:Allison, Dale C. (2013).
1893:"Letters of Saint James."
1870:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1163:Friendship with the World
938:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
720:
439:New Testament manuscripts
32:James II (disambiguation)
16:Book of the New Testament
3671:The Pearl of Great Price
3665:"Joseph Smith—History 1"
2931:10.1177/0014524620903678
2799:Blomberg, Craig (2008).
2183:Ehrman, Bart D. (2012).
1938:Luther's Large Catechism
1811:Davids, Peter H (1982).
1654:
1605:Athanasius of Alexandria
1494:Latter Day Saint history
1232:Justification (theology)
1175:Warning against Boasting
982:
28:James I (disambiguation)
19:Not to be confused with
5511:James, brother of Jesus
5284:Intertestamental period
3833:Hagner, Donald (1973).
3588:McKnight, Scot (2011).
3217:Schaff, Philip (1877).
3132:McKnight, Scot (2011).
2775:10.1163/156853693X00040
2065:McCartney, Dan (2009).
1910:Johnson, L. T. (2004).
1147:
1101:
882:According to Josephus (
830:Pseudonymous authorship
824:Eastern Orthodox Church
675:James, brother of Jesus
492:Christianity portal
5268:Apocalyptic literature
4905:Paralipomena of Baruch
4240:Quotations related to
4196:(NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
4036:Review & Expositor
3858:Grant, Robert (1965).
2971:10.4102/ids.v49i1.1897
2839:Johnson, Luke (2000).
2824:Martin, Ralph (1988).
2302:. London. p. 291.
2298:KĂĽmmel, W. G. (1966).
1954:Painter, John (2005).
1729:New Living Translation
1570:Theodore of Mopsuestia
1510:
1459:
1445:
1431:
1389:
1331:
1276:
1088:United Bible Societies
1073:
778:Traditional authorship
679:James, son of Alphaeus
563:
551:
539:
5432:Additional Scriptures
5396:New Testament uncials
4462:World English Version
4102:Johnson, Luke Timothy
3810:10.5040/9781472556165
3223:Creeds of Christendom
3096:Edgar, David (2001).
2987:New Testament Studies
2867:Taylor, Mark (2006).
2855:The Daily Study Bible
2716:New Testament Studies
2585:Laws, Sophie (1993).
1866:"Epistle of St James"
1497:
1446:
1432:
1417:
1375:
1371:anointing of the sick
1365:Anointing of the sick
1317:
1250:
1157:The Wisdom from Above
1062:
1049:Catholic Encyclopedia
1020:two-source hypothesis
562:, quoting James 3:3–6
557:
545:
534:
5417:Bible version debate
5391:New Testament papyri
5337:Samaritan Pentateuch
4962:Testament of Abraham
4900:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3407:Sanders, P. (1977).
3266:WELS Topical Q&A
2919:The Expository Times
1775:Logos Bible Software
1644:Pauline Christianity
1593:De viris illustribus
1572:(c. 350–428 CE). In
1548:Origen of Alexandria
1355:Augustine of Hippo's
1335:Ben Witherington III
1123:Trial and Temptation
771:De viris illustribus
639:in all situations.
449:Johannine literature
150:Acts of the Apostles
83:New Testament papyri
40:James IV of Scotland
5516:New Testament books
5359:Muratorian fragment
5294:New Testament canon
5289:Old Testament canon
5182:Chapters and verses
4800:Additions to Daniel
4766:Additions to Esther
4107:The Letter of James
3772:Community of Christ
3276:on 20 December 2013
3134:The Letter of James
2841:The Letter of James
2023:The Letter of James
1943:7th Petition, 122-4
1601:Muratorian fragment
1248:and justification:
1187:Patience and Prayer
1181:Warning to the Rich
1092:Greek New Testament
1070:Blomberg and Kamell
904:(early 3rd century)
739:, James the son of
434:New Testament canon
48:James V of Scotland
44:James IV of Majorca
4972:Testament of Jacob
4967:Testament of Isaac
4852:Prayer of Manasseh
4815:Bel and the Dragon
4795:Letter of Jeremiah
4452:King James Version
4285:Books of the Bible
4205:2019-06-17 at the
3781:on 2 December 2019
3185:. Yale University.
2505:Bruce M. Metzger,
2391:. Fortress Press.
1575:Historia ecclesiae
1347:teachings of Jesus
1198:Historical context
1117:Poverty and Riches
1081:discourse analysis
932:Codex Alexandrinus
916:(late 3rd century)
884:Jewish Antiquities
765:Historia ecclesiae
574:and one of the 21
564:
552:
540:
360:Book of Revelation
5506:Catholic epistles
5483:
5482:
5452:Textual criticism
5015:
5014:
4939:Psalms of Solomon
4882:Orthodox Tewahedo
4470:
4469:
4299:
4298:
4290:Succeeded by
4283:
4254:Epistle of James
4215:at GospelHall.org
4138:. Paulist Press.
3844:978-90-04-03636-9
3819:978-0-5670-7740-0
3549:978-0-664-25018-8
3393:978-0-664-25018-8
3262:"Faith and Works"
3181:Martin, D. 2009.
3143:978-0-8028-2627-5
2763:Novum Testamentum
2662:Novum Testamentum
2550:Biblical Research
2530:978-90-04-13761-5
2492:978-0-8028-4098-1
2398:978-0-8006-6006-2
2269:978-3-16-150042-8
1752:978-1-4335-6343-0
1693:
1560:Irenaeus of Lyons
1556:Apostolic Fathers
1299:Eastern Orthodoxy
1295:Roman Catholicism
1195:
1194:
1169:Judging a Brother
1044:wisdom literature
996:wisdom literature
729:
709:
606:Jewish Christians
529:
528:
459:Pastoral epistles
292:Catholic epistles
5523:
5496:Epistle of James
5332:Dead Sea Scrolls
5314:Dating the Bible
5192:Historical books
4829:Eastern Orthodox
4742:Eastern Orthodox
4730:
4729:
4723:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4474:
4473:
4447:Wycliffe Version
4421:Textual variants
4332:Epistle of James
4325:
4318:
4311:
4302:
4301:
4279:
4270:Preceded by
4250:
4249:
4243:Epistle of James
4239:
4232:Various versions
4224:
4223:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4149:
4125:
4097:
4074:Davids, Peter H.
4060:
4059:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4013:Schaff, Philip.
4010:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3910:
3904:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3780:
3769:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3713:on 20 April 2008
3709:. Archived from
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3621:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3483:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3436:Word & World
3431:
3425:
3424:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3356:
3346:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3310:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3272:. Archived from
3258:
3252:
3251:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3192:
3186:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3129:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3034:10.2307/41304208
3017:
3011:
3010:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2864:
2858:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2516:
2510:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2424:. Archived from
2418:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2180:
2174:
2173:, pp. 19ff.
2168:
2162:
2161:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2125:
2119:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1951:
1945:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1907:
1901:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1808:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1665:
1565:Against Heresies
1508:
1485:
1474:Torah observance
1457:
1454:Epistle of James
1443:
1440:Epistle of James
1429:
1426:Epistle of James
1387:
1384:Epistle of James
1329:
1326:Faith and Works
1290:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1271:Epistle of James
1111:Faith and Wisdom
1097:
1096:
1071:
926:Codex Sinaiticus
734:
724:
722:
714:
704:
702:
582:letters) in the
568:Epistle of James
560:Jemima Blackburn
558:1886 drawing by
521:
514:
507:
490:
489:
480:Bible portal
478:
477:
476:
444:Synoptic Gospels
414:Petrine epistles
401:Pauline epistles
176:Pauline epistles
107:Four Evangelists
79:
54:
53:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5456:
5400:
5318:
5309:Christian canon
5272:
5207:Prophetic books
5170:
5101:2 Thessalonians
5096:1 Thessalonians
5011:
4978:
4943:
4914:
4876:
4835:
4821:
4749:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4523:
4519:
4510:
4501:
4471:
4466:
4425:
4409:
4378:
4334:
4329:
4295:
4275:
4265:
4255:
4221:
4207:Wayback Machine
4187:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4154:Riesner, Rainer
4146:
4122:
4094:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4032:
4028:
4011:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3911:
3907:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3873:
3869:
3856:
3852:
3845:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3714:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3637:
3633:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3447:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3332:
3317:
3313:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3241:"James 2:20–26"
3237:
3233:
3215:
3211:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3061:
3057:
3018:
3014:
2983:
2979:
2958:In die Skriflig
2950:
2946:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2865:
2861:
2852:
2848:
2837:
2833:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2797:
2790:
2755:
2751:
2708:
2704:
2693:
2689:
2654:
2650:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2517:
2513:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2466:
2462:
2458:, p. 1255.
2454:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2428:on 13 June 2015
2420:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2385:
2381:
2366:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2325:
2321:
2305:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2126:
2122:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2063:
2059:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1952:
1948:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1908:
1904:
1891:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1753:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1669:Letter of James
1666:
1662:
1657:
1634:Gospel of James
1625:
1552:Comm. on John.,
1544:
1534:
1509:
1503:
1496:
1483:
1476:
1458:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1424:
1408:
1388:
1382:
1373:. James wrote:
1367:
1330:
1324:
1275:
1269:
1242:
1230:Main articles:
1228:
1223:
1210:Birkat ha-minim
1200:
1141:Faith and Works
1072:
1069:
1039:
985:
976:LeĂłn palimpsest
958:Coptic language
920:Codex Vaticanus
873:
838:
832:
780:
756:Comm. on Romans
689:
683:James the Great
671:
655:Large Catechism
572:general epistle
525:
496:
484:
474:
472:
464:
463:
429:
428:
419:
418:
410:
394:
390:Johannine works
377:
376:
365:
364:
351:
348:
337:
316:
288:
280:
264:
248:
244:2 Thessalonians
239:1 Thessalonians
232:
216:
200:
171:
170:
155:
154:
139:
136:
102:
101:
86:
67:
50:
24:
21:Gospel of James
17:
12:
11:
5:
5529:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5447:Synod of Hippo
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5381:Masoretic Text
5378:
5373:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5217:Minor prophets
5214:
5212:Major prophets
5204:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4990:Pseudepigrapha
4986:
4984:
4983:Classification
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4953:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4929:Psalms 152–155
4925:
4923:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4797:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4727:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4583:1–2 Chronicles
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4512:
4511:
4500:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4328:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4276:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4233:
4218:
4209:
4197:
4186:
4185:External links
4183:
4182:
4181:
4169:978-0199277186
4168:
4150:
4144:
4130:Perkins, Pheme
4126:
4120:
4098:
4092:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4026:
4005:
3991:
3982:
3975:
3957:
3950:
3932:
3905:
3892:
3885:
3867:
3850:
3843:
3825:
3818:
3792:
3756:
3745:. January 2017
3724:
3689:
3656:
3649:
3631:
3616:
3605:
3599:978-0802826275
3598:
3580:
3574:978-1589833586
3573:
3555:
3548:
3530:
3524:978-1513616483
3523:
3503:
3478:
3467:
3456:
3445:
3426:
3419:
3399:
3392:
3374:
3367:
3341:
3330:
3311:
3307:978-0060581176
3287:
3253:
3239:Calvin, John.
3231:
3209:
3187:
3174:
3149:
3142:
3124:
3113:
3106:
3088:
3081:
3055:
3012:
2977:
2944:
2925:(9): 383–391.
2909:
2902:
2884:
2877:
2859:
2846:
2831:
2816:
2809:
2788:
2749:
2702:
2687:
2648:
2633:
2626:
2608:
2601:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2536:
2529:
2511:
2498:
2491:
2485:. p. 96.
2473:Aland, Barbara
2460:
2439:
2413:
2404:
2397:
2379:
2364:
2344:
2338:978-0801026768
2337:
2319:
2290:
2275:
2268:
2250:
2244:978-0195329001
2243:
2225:
2219:978-1602582156
2218:
2200:
2194:978-0062012623
2193:
2175:
2163:
2145:
2138:
2120:
2107:
2100:
2082:
2076:978-0801026768
2075:
2057:
2038:
2031:
2013:
2007:978-1513616483
2006:
1986:
1983:(115): 91–142.
1971:
1964:
1946:
1929:
1922:
1902:
1882:
1853:
1846:
1828:
1821:
1803:
1792:
1762:
1751:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1621:
1542:Biblical canon
1533:
1530:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1475:
1472:
1450:
1436:
1422:
1410:James and the
1407:
1404:
1380:
1366:
1363:
1322:
1267:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1100:
1067:
1038:
1035:
984:
981:
980:
979:
971:And in Latin:
969:
968:
954:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
861:
831:
828:
820:Holy Tradition
795:
794:
791:
788:
779:
776:
687:James the Less
670:
667:
663:Jesus movement
647:disputed books
527:
526:
524:
523:
516:
509:
501:
498:
497:
495:
494:
482:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
456:
446:
441:
436:
430:
427:Related topics
426:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
411:
409:
408:
403:
397:
395:
393:
392:
387:
381:
378:
372:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
356:
355:
350:
349:
347:
346:
340:
338:
336:
335:
330:
325:
319:
317:
315:
314:
309:
303:
301:
295:
294:
287:
286:
281:
279:
278:
273:
267:
265:
263:
262:
257:
251:
249:
247:
246:
241:
235:
233:
231:
230:
225:
219:
217:
215:
214:
209:
203:
201:
199:
198:
193:
187:
185:
179:
178:
172:
162:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
137:
135:
134:
129:
124:
119:
113:
110:
109:
103:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
80:
72:
71:
63:
62:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5528:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5064:2 Corinthians
5062:
5060:
5059:1 Corinthians
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5021:New Testament
5018:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5002:New Testament
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4917:
4911:
4910:Broader canon
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:Song of Songs
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:Old Testament
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4498:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Latin Vulgate
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:Terms/phrases
4381:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4326:
4321:
4319:
4314:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4294:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4281:New Testament
4274:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:Bible Gateway
4189:
4188:
4171:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4145:9780809147861
4141:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4121:9780300139907
4117:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4093:9780802823885
4089:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3986:
3978:
3976:9781359167477
3972:
3968:
3961:
3953:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3920:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3896:
3888:
3886:9780567481405
3882:
3878:
3871:
3863:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3821:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3760:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3733:"James 1:5–6"
3728:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3697:Flint, B. C.
3693:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3627:
3620:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3551:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3526:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3507:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3475:James 2:12–13
3471:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3453:James 1:22–25
3449:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3345:
3339:
3338:James 5:14–15
3334:
3327:(2): 389–410.
3326:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3291:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3184:
3178:
3163:
3162:Greek Lexicon
3159:
3153:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3122:
3121:James 2:14–26
3117:
3109:
3107:9781841271828
3103:
3099:
3092:
3084:
3082:9781444318937
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2993:(2): 242–70.
2992:
2988:
2981:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2905:
2903:9780567279668
2899:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2878:9780310244028
2874:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2850:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2810:9780310244028
2806:
2802:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:(1): 94–121.
2721:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2627:9781474230483
2623:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2502:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2365:90-04-11550-1
2361:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2309:
2301:
2294:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2103:
2101:9780415103701
2097:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2054:(1): 13 n. 9.
2053:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2032:9780300139907
2028:
2024:
2017:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1742:ESV Pew Bible
1736:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1705:
1697:
1691:
1682:
1681:Ancient Greek
1678:
1674:
1673:Book of James
1670:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1441:
1435:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:According to
1327:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1272:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:Justification
1218:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
978:(7th century)
977:
974:
973:
972:
966:
963:
962:
961:
959:
952:(7th century)
951:
948:
946:(5th century)
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
898:
895:
892:
888:
885:
880:
878:
865:
862:
859:
856:and the poet
855:
850:
849:
848:
845:
843:
837:
827:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
809:Martin Luther
806:
802:
800:
792:
789:
786:
785:
784:
775:
773:
772:
767:
766:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
733:
727:
718:
713:
707:
698:
694:
688:
684:
680:
676:
666:
664:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:Martin Luther
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
598:twelve tribes
595:
591:
589:
585:
584:New Testament
581:
577:
573:
569:
561:
556:
549:
544:
537:
533:
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
503:
502:
500:
499:
493:
488:
483:
481:
471:
470:
468:
467:
460:
457:
454:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
423:
422:
415:
412:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
396:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
380:
379:
375:
369:
368:
361:
358:
357:
353:
352:
345:
342:
341:
339:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
318:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
302:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
289:
285:
282:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
266:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
250:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
234:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
218:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
202:
197:
196:2 Corinthians
194:
192:
191:1 Corinthians
189:
188:
186:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
173:
169:
165:
159:
158:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
140:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
112:
111:
108:
105:
104:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:
78:
74:
73:
70:
69:New Testament
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
5501:Antilegomena
5370:Vetus Latina
5368:
5351:
5304:Jewish canon
5299:Antilegomena
5201:Poetic Books
5197:Wisdom books
5175:Subdivisions
5130:
5088:
4793: /
4718:Deuterocanon
4638:Lamentations
4618:Ecclesiastes
4525:(protocanon)
4516:Hebrew Bible
4331:
4278:
4257:
4246:at Wikiquote
4242:
4226:Bible: James
4213:Online Bible
4212:
4192:
4173:. Retrieved
4158:
4134:
4106:
4078:
4067:Bibliography
4039:
4035:
4029:
4020:
4015:
4008:
3994:
3985:
3966:
3960:
3941:
3935:
3923:. Retrieved
3918:
3908:
3900:
3895:
3876:
3870:
3860:
3853:
3834:
3828:
3801:
3795:
3783:. Retrieved
3776:the original
3759:
3747:. Retrieved
3736:
3727:
3715:. Retrieved
3711:the original
3700:
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3673:
3668:
3659:
3640:
3634:
3625:
3619:
3613:Matthew 5:18
3608:
3589:
3583:
3564:
3558:
3539:
3533:
3513:
3506:
3494:. Retrieved
3490:
3481:
3470:
3459:
3448:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3409:
3402:
3383:
3377:
3352:
3344:
3333:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3296:
3290:
3280:30 September
3278:. Retrieved
3274:the original
3265:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3203:
3199:
3190:
3177:
3165:. Retrieved
3161:
3152:
3133:
3127:
3116:
3097:
3091:
3064:
3058:
3025:
3021:
3015:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2893:
2887:
2868:
2862:
2854:
2849:
2840:
2834:
2825:
2819:
2800:
2769:(1): 48–64.
2766:
2762:
2752:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2696:
2690:
2668:(1): 37–71.
2665:
2661:
2651:
2642:
2636:
2617:
2611:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2520:
2514:
2506:
2501:
2477:
2463:
2456:Riesner 2007
2430:. Retrieved
2426:the original
2416:
2407:
2388:
2382:
2354:
2347:
2328:
2322:
2299:
2293:
2284:
2278:
2259:
2253:
2234:
2228:
2209:
2203:
2184:
2178:
2171:Perkins 2012
2166:
2158:www.ccel.org
2157:
2148:
2129:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2091:
2085:
2066:
2060:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2022:
2016:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1955:
1949:
1936:
1932:
1912:
1905:
1895:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:
1837:
1831:
1812:
1806:
1795:
1783:. Retrieved
1774:
1765:
1741:
1735:
1724:
1704:
1676:
1675:, or simply
1672:
1668:
1663:
1639:Jacob (name)
1613:
1608:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1580:Antilegomena
1573:
1563:
1551:
1545:
1538:Antilegomena
1522:First Vision
1518:Joseph Smith
1511:
1498:
1488:
1477:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1425:
1418:
1409:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1343:law of Moses
1332:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1309:
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1293:
1277:
1270:
1263:
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1255:
1251:
1243:
1215:
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1186:
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1128:
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993:
986:
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955:
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893:
889:
883:
881:
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846:
842:pseudonymous
839:
836:Antilegomena
817:
803:
796:
781:
769:
763:
755:
749:
690:
659:
641:
619:, including
610:
592:
567:
565:
546:Memorial to
298:
66:Books of the
51:
5475:WikiProject
5353:Diatessaron
5324:Manuscripts
5277:Development
5079:Philippians
4949:Beta Israel
4867:4 Maccabees
4862:3 Maccabees
4776:2 Maccabees
4771:1 Maccabees
4553:Deuteronomy
4293:First Peter
3925:29 December
3628:(115): 222.
2469:Aland, Kurt
2114:McCartney,
1616:Reformation
1614:During the
1526:Restoration
1392:G. A. Wells
914:Papyrus 100
877:manuscripts
805:John Calvin
629:favouritism
613:temptations
588:Koine Greek
548:Lajos FĂĽlep
223:Philippians
5490:Categories
5412:Authorship
5342:Septuagint
5187:Pentateuch
5166:Revelation
5090:Laodiceans
5084:Colossians
4573:1–2 Samuel
4437:Greek Text
4400:Temptation
4175:6 February
4042:(3): 373.
3951:9004094075
3913:Eusebius.
3650:0664222994
3464:James 1:27
3420:1506438148
3368:0301710147
3028:(2): 399.
2964:(1): 1–9.
2602:0060655267
2139:0664222994
1965:9004141618
1923:0802809863
1847:0781442281
1822:0802823882
1716:References
1536:See also:
1532:Canonicity
1396:presbyters
1151:The Tongue
1105:Salutation
967:(~AD 350).
950:Papyrus 74
944:Papyrus 54
908:Papyrus 23
902:Papyrus 20
834:See also:
799:amanuensis
673:See also:
669:Authorship
536:Papyrus 20
374:Authorship
354:Apocalypse
228:Colossians
168:Apocalypse
143:Lukan Acts
5251:Johannine
5111:2 Timothy
5106:1 Timothy
5074:Ephesians
5069:Galatians
4857:Psalm 151
4725:apocrypha
4703:Zechariah
4693:Zephaniah
4578:1–2 Kings
4543:Leviticus
3919:ToposText
3899:Allison,
3442:(3): 229.
3158:"Dikaioo"
3050:161277475
3007:143909889
2939:213753372
2783:0048-1009
2744:170259453
2736:0028-6885
2682:0048-1009
2308:cite book
1690:romanized
1505:James 1:5
1378:forgiven.
1313:sola fide
1304:sola fide
1246:salvation
1240:Sola fide
1177:(4:13–17)
1171:(4:11–12)
1159:(3:13–18)
1143:(2:14–26)
1131:(1:19–27)
1125:(1:12–18)
1076:string."
1037:Structure
1027:aemulatio
1018:, in the
965:Papyrus 6
940:(ca. 450)
934:(400-440)
928:(330-360)
922:(325-350)
910:(~AD 250)
854:Theodorus
726:romanized
706:romanized
625:hypocrisy
594:James 1:1
385:Luke-Acts
260:2 Timothy
255:1 Timothy
212:Ephesians
207:Galatians
5465:Category
5364:Peshitta
5261:Catholic
5256:Pastoral
5241:Epistles
5234:Synoptic
5121:Philemon
4934:2 Baruch
4921:Peshitta
4895:Jubilees
4847:2 Esdras
4842:1 Esdras
4737:Catholic
4688:Habakkuk
4633:Jeremiah
4613:Proverbs
4593:Nehemiah
4230:LibriVox
4203:Archived
4132:(2012).
4104:(2007).
4084:Eerdmans
4076:(1982).
4056:13308580
3903:, p. 18.
3496:29 April
3042:41304208
2556:: 27–45.
2475:(1995).
2374:42201146
2118:, 28-29.
1785:21 April
1779:Archived
1757:Archived
1623:See also
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1451:—
1437:—
1423:—
1412:M Source
1381:—
1359:Donatist
1351:legalist
1323:—
1268:—
1221:Doctrine
1189:(5:7–20)
1165:(4:1–10)
1153:(3:1–12)
1137:(2:1–13)
1119:(1:9-11)
1068:—
1016:Q source
1000:Proverbs
998:: "like
858:Meleager
760:Eusebius
741:Alphaeus
580:didactic
576:epistles
453:epistles
276:Philemon
164:Epistles
59:a series
57:Part of
5437:Studies
5405:Related
5376:Vulgate
5246:Pauline
5224:Gospels
5141:2 Peter
5136:1 Peter
5126:Hebrews
5029:Matthew
4919:Syriac
4805:Susanna
4708:Malachi
4668:Obadiah
4643:Ezekiel
4548:Numbers
4533:Genesis
4506:of the
4430:Sources
4414:Related
4346:Abraham
4339:Persons
4273:Hebrews
4262:Epistle
4259:General
3785:22 June
3749:22 June
3738:Liahona
3717:20 June
3682:24 June
2432:15 June
1696:IakĹŤbos
1692::
1685:Ἰάκωβος
1607:in his
1480:the Law
1456:2:12–13
1428:1:22–25
1386:5:14,15
1339:Apostle
1288:dikaiĎŚĹŤ
1282:δικαιόω
1273:2:14-26
1183:(5:1–6)
1113:(1:2–8)
1012:Matthew
989:epistle
822:of the
813:apostle
737:Zebedee
732:Iakobos
728::
721:Ιάκωβος
712:Ya'aqov
708::
701:יַעֲקֹב
633:slander
406:Hebrews
312:2 Peter
307:1 Peter
284:Hebrews
117:Matthew
95:Gospels
5470:Portal
5347:Targum
5156:3 John
5151:2 John
5146:1 John
5054:Romans
5007:Jewish
4832:Others
4791:Baruch
4786:Sirach
4781:Wisdom
4761:Judith
4746:Others
4698:Haggai
4648:Daniel
4628:Isaiah
4608:Psalms
4598:Esther
4563:Judges
4558:Joshua
4538:Exodus
4405:Tongue
4364:Christ
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752:Origen
743:, and
697:Hebrew
685:; and
649:, and
637:prayer
631:, and
333:3 John
328:2 John
323:1 John
183:Romans
5131:James
5116:Titus
4890:Enoch
4756:Tobit
4683:Nahum
4678:Micah
4673:Jonah
4653:Hosea
4508:Bible
4504:Books
4395:Faith
4390:Elder
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4361:Jesus
4356:James
4052:S2CID
3779:(PDF)
3768:(PDF)
3205:Body.
3046:S2CID
3038:JSTOR
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2826:James
2801:James
2740:S2CID
2389:James
2116:James
1677:James
1655:Notes
1357:anti-
1265:dead.
1107:(1:1)
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960:is:
717:Greek
693:Jacob
621:pride
570:is a
299:James
271:Titus
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5044:John
5039:Luke
5034:Mark
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4568:Ruth
4177:2019
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