22:
372:" in campaigns. Scottish oil and gas production constitutes 82% of the UK's oil and gas. Accordingly, economic and political independence would be followed by high-stakes energy agreements, wherein some argue the fiscal power would lie with Scotland. Political independence would supposedly return decisions about the future of energy to the Scottish people, who are more likely to vote in favour of renewable energy on Scottish soil. Therefore, less reliance on international gas supplies, and a focus on low-emission local energy is a key tenet of the "
2465:
184:
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2316:
388:
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reduces risks from mining, trade and political dependence because renewable energy systems don't need fuel – they depend on trade only for the acquisition of materials and components during construction. Renewable energy is found to be an efficient way to ensure energy independence and security. It
250:
Several countries are conducting extensive research and development programs around renewable energy sources like solar, wind, water, and nuclear energy in hopes to achieve energy independence. However, because solar, wind, and water cannot always be derived as an energy source, nuclear energy is
360:
is a good example because Russia is Europe's main supplier of hard coal, crude oil, and natural gas. Oil wars in and between the Middle East, Russia, and the United States that have made markets unpredictable and volatile are also a great example as to why energy advocates and experts suggest
289:
project, the world's first open-source blueprint for the design, construction, and financing of nuclear power plants. General Fusion is a
Canadian company currently developing a fusion power device, based on magnetized target fusion. Flibe Energy aims to tackle the future of nuclear energy by
280:
In that same tone, there are several other companies and institutions across the globe that are gaining attention from their nuclear power innovations and research efforts. Commonwealth Fusion
Systems, founded in 2018, is focusing on the development of nuclear fusion. In 2020, The
361:
countries invest in energy independence. The international dependence of energy resources exposes countries to vulnerability in every aspect of life — countries rely on energy for food, infrastructure, security, transportation, and more.
254:
Under the conceived notion that the expansion of and investment in nuclear energy power plants is a key step in the goal of achieving energy independence many countries, and companies, are supporting nuclear power research efforts.
262:(ITER), located in France, is an experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor that is a collaboration between 35 different countries. This project was launched in 2007 and still under construction today.
1255:"Russia has maintained though throughout the whole period 2007-2017 its position as the leading supplier to the EU of the main primary energy commodities – hard coal, crude oil and natural gas"
104:
1256:
1374:
1140:
336:. Usually, a country relies on local and global energy renewable and non-renewable resources, a mixed-model solution that presumes various energy sources and modes of
368:
debate, energy independence is a key argument in favour of
Scottish exit. Since the discovery of large oil fields, pro-independence proponents have used the tagline "
2366:
1075:
653:
Krane, Jim; Idel, Robert (1 December 2021). "More transitions, less risk: How renewable energy reduces risks from mining, trade and political dependence".
277:
to build advanced nuclear reactors that will be affordable to construct and operate. Both companies are expected to produce their product within 7 years.
798:
1318:
696:
Lin, Boqiang; Zhu, Junpeng (1 October 2019). "Determinants of renewable energy technological innovation in China under CO2 emissions constraint".
478:
305:
Energy independence is being attempted by large or resource-rich and economically-strong countries like the United States, Russia, China and the
2867:
453:
1293:
1105:
Nematollahi, Omid; Hoghooghi, Hadi; Rasti, Mehdi; Sedaghat, Ahmad (2016). "Energy demands and renewable energy resources in the Middle East".
2877:
126:
has been identified as one of several factors (energy sources diversification, energy suppliers diversification, energy sources fungibility,
1343:
2359:
1257:
https://web.archive.org/web/20191019113648/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Energy_production_and_imports
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965:
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154:. Generally, a higher level of energy dependence is associated with higher risk, because of the possible interference of
2767:
266:
1032:
458:
443:
438:
317:
855:
2152:
517:
Hölsgens, Rick (2019). "Resource dependence and energy risks in the
Netherlands since the mid-nineteenth century".
21:
2631:
1083:
799:"U.S. Department of Energy Announces $ 160 Million in First Awards under Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program"
2752:
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195:
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497:"Energy security indices in Europe / Economic Challenges for Energy Workshop February 7-8th 2011, Madrid"
341:
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and full version of this underground storage in New Mexico is important for the nuclear fuel cycle.
103:
in order to meet its energy needs. The indicator is calculated as net imports divided by the sum of
2707:
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seen as a near-universal alternative that is efficient, safe, and combats the climate crisis.
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426:
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1372:
https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld_Statistics_2015.pdf
16:
Independence or autarky regarding energy resources, energy supply and/or energy generation
8:
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139:
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Li, Xing; Clark, Woodrow W. (2018). "Energy
Economics in China's Policy-Making Plan".
496:
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also supports the transition to a low carbon economy and society. Ways to manage the
53:
37:
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2236:
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760:
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313:, but it is so far an idealized status that at present can be only approximated by
163:
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933:"International - Analysis - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - Russia"
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1468:
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955:
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151:
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45:
530:
63:
Energy dependence, in general, refers to mankind's general dependence on either
2817:
2344:
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2221:
2196:
2000:
1965:
1898:
1888:
1804:
1784:
1779:
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1672:
1650:
1632:
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87:, etc.). In a narrower sense, it may describe the dependence of one country on
64:
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2439:
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1948:
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1953:
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1294:"Higher North Sea revenues: what impact on Scotland's independence debate?"
725:
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349:
345:
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could be used for such purposes alongside storage-options like batteries.
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2047:
1921:
1911:
1854:
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775:
747:
Schulthoff, Michael; Rudnick, Ivan; Bose, Abhishek; Gençer, Emre (2021).
310:
108:
183:
2626:
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2037:
1975:
1943:
1883:
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researching and developing the liquid fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR).
270:
235:
228:
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749:"Role of Hydrogen in a Low-Carbon Electric Power System: A Case Study"
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In addition, safe and cost-effective storage of nuclear waste in the
232:
80:
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274:
116:
1024:
A Roadmap for
Renewable Energy in the Middle East and North Africa
1995:
1537:
1104:
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387:
286:
100:
96:
41:
957:
The
Economics and Politics of China's Energy Security Transition
1542:
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1173:
Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social
Feasibility
27:
Who supplies Europe? The global concerns of EU energy imports
1916:
1849:
1832:
1500:
746:
328:. Another factor in reducing dependence is the addition of
259:
76:
856:"Tech Guru's Plan—Fight Climate Change with Nuclear Power"
1383:
981:
147:
1206:"Arvizu: Why the Current Energy System Is Unsustainable"
216:
transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy systems
830:"6 start-ups innovating in the field of nuclear energy"
622: : the dangerous delusions of energy independence
510:
223:– such as little solar power on cloudy days – include
169:
1176:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 135.
1076:"A Bright Future For Solar Power In The Middle East"
553:
383:
1319:"Do Scots want green energy in Scotland? | YouGov"
990:Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook
562:"European economies in terms of energy dependence"
1197:
1163:
2900:
2374:
947:
260:International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
95:Energy dependency shows the extent to which an
1204:RenewEconomy, Giles Parkinson (9 April 2014).
1014:
376:" prospectus promoting Scottish Independence.
2360:
1399:
1203:
610:
269:awarded $ 160 million in initial funding to
925:
873:
454:India's three-stage nuclear power programme
2367:
2353:
1406:
1392:
1223:
1133:
908:"American Energy Independence Is Imminent"
1269:"Oil and gas production statistics: 2019"
1020:
899:
774:
764:
652:
593:
1107:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
516:
20:
987:
853:
559:
2901:
2026:Integrated gasification combined cycle
882:"Energy Independence: A Short History"
879:
827:
695:
2348:
2070:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
1745:Quantum chromodynamics binding energy
1387:
1169:
854:Proctor, Darrell (25 February 2020).
823:
821:
819:
616:
358:European dependence on Russian energy
2303:
953:
905:
655:Energy Research & Social Science
178:
2327:
2212:World energy supply and consumption
1021:El-Katiri, Laura (1 January 2014).
698:Journal of Environmental Management
432:
400:
174:
13:
998:10.1016/b978-0-12-813964-6.00017-3
880:Homans, Charles (3 January 2012).
828:Earley, Kelly (27 February 2020).
816:
300:
170:Techniques for energy independence
14:
2920:
1365:
1141:"When will fossil fuels run out?"
960:. Elsevier Science. p. 106.
572:(4). Springer Nature: 1531–1548.
459:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
444:United States energy independence
439:Making Sweden an Oil-Free Society
2858:
2857:
2847:
2463:
2326:
2314:
2302:
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386:
245:
182:
2632:Science, technology and society
1336:
1311:
1286:
1261:
1249:
1082:. 23 April 2016. Archived from
906:Lack, Simon (28 January 2019).
847:
221:variability of renewable energy
105:gross inland energy consumption
992:. Elsevier. pp. 325–349.
791:
740:
689:
646:
489:
471:
1:
710:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.121
464:
150:) negatively contributing to
2376:Environmental social science
1080:Global Economic Intersection
753:Frontiers in Energy Research
560:Bluszcz, Anna (5 May 2016).
7:
2415:Environmental communication
1344:"Energy and climate change"
624:. New York: PublicAffairs.
531:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.10.020
379:
342:electric power transmission
295:Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
10:
2925:
2400:Environmental anthropology
1413:
1119:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.058
1113:. Elsevier BV: 1172–1181.
667:10.1016/j.erss.2021.102311
2843:
2692:
2472:
2461:
2382:
2286:
2260:
2136:
2016:Fossil fuel power station
1984:
1897:
1803:
1678:Electric potential energy
1643:
1623:Thermodynamic temperature
1603:Thermodynamic free energy
1598:Thermodynamic equilibrium
1444:
1421:
766:10.3389/fenrg.2020.585461
578:10.1007/s11135-016-0350-1
267:U.S. Department of Energy
2430:Environmental psychology
2087:Concentrated solar power
2435:Environmental sociology
2410:Environmental economics
2390:Ecological anthropology
1628:Volume (thermodynamics)
1608:Thermodynamic potential
1511:Mass–energy equivalence
449:Energy policy of Turkey
374:Building a New Scotland
340:between countries like
225:dispatchable generation
2425:Environmental politics
1583:Quantum thermodynamics
1573:Laws of thermodynamics
1454:Conservation of energy
1231:"Unsustainable Energy"
617:Bryce, Robert (2008).
566:Quality & Quantity
525:. Elsevier BV: 45–54.
121:
91:from another country.
30:
2520:Ecological humanities
2420:Environmental history
1700:Interatomic potential
1491:Energy transformation
1298:Economics Observatory
366:Scottish Independence
93:
24:
2612:Integrated geography
2490:Behavioral geography
2395:Ecological economics
2148:Efficient energy use
2121:Airborne wind energy
2099:Solar thermal energy
2006:Electricity delivery
1618:Thermodynamic system
1563:Irreversible process
1377:4 March 2016 at the
1170:Simon, C.A. (2007).
427:Efficient energy use
283:Energy Impact Center
2883:Research institutes
2405:Environmental crime
2170:Energy conservation
2092:Photovoltaic system
2065:Nuclear power plant
1750:Quantum fluctuation
1613:Thermodynamic state
1588:Thermal equilibrium
370:It's Scotland's Oil
214:A study found that
140:political stability
34:Energy independence
25:Energy Atlas 2018 "
2853:Environment portal
2607:Industrial ecology
2207:Sustainable energy
2185:Energy development
2175:Energy consumption
2011:Energy engineering
417:Energy development
194:. You can help by
73:energy consumption
31:
2896:
2895:
2735:Green criminology
2495:Community studies
2450:Political ecology
2342:
2341:
2109:Solar power tower
1755:Quantum potential
1593:Thermal reservoir
1496:Energy transition
1183:978-0-7425-4909-8
1007:978-0-12-813964-6
967:978-0-12-815153-2
954:Zhao, H. (2018).
631:978-1-58648-321-0
407:Energy resilience
344:, oil transport (
326:natural resources
212:
211:
164:terrorist attacks
156:trade regulations
124:Energy dependence
54:energy generation
2916:
2909:Energy economics
2861:
2860:
2851:
2783:natural resource
2467:
2455:Regional science
2369:
2362:
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2345:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2306:
2305:
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2268:Carbon footprint
2202:Renewable energy
2043:Hydroelectricity
2033:Geothermal power
1476:Energy condition
1408:
1401:
1394:
1385:
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1151:on 16 April 2020
1147:. Archived from
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1095:
1093:
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1086:on 29 April 2021
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433:National efforts
401:Related concepts
396:
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330:renewable energy
320:of a country's (
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158:, international
144:energy intensity
136:energy resources
132:market liquidity
128:energy transport
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69:secondary energy
46:energy resources
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2445:Human geography
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2278:Waste-to-energy
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2192:Energy security
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1959:Natural uranium
1893:
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1805:Energy carriers
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1568:Isolated system
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1379:Wayback Machine
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1237:. 4 August 2015
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1210:Greentech Media
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499:
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412:Energy security
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338:energy transfer
332:sources to the
315:non-sustainable
303:
301:Global examples
248:
240:hydrogen energy
208:
202:
199:
192:needs expansion
177:
172:
160:armed conflicts
152:energy security
120:
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58:energy industry
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519:Energy Policy
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422:Energy policy
420:
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404:
395:
394:Energy portal
389:
384:
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375:
371:
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362:
359:
355:
351:
350:gas pipelines
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:non-renewable
319:
316:
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308:
298:
296:
291:
288:
285:launched its
284:
278:
276:
272:
268:
265:In 2020, the
263:
261:
256:
252:
246:Nuclear power
243:
241:
237:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
206:
203:November 2021
197:
193:
190:This section
188:
185:
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180:
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61:
59:
55:
51:
50:energy supply
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
19:
2753:occupational
2748:epidemiology
2719:Engineering
2617:Permaculture
2580:Ethnobiology
2331:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2077:Oil refinery
2021:Cogeneration
1954:Nuclear fuel
1760:Quintessence
1548:Free entropy
1481:Energy level
1445:Fundamental
1351:. Retrieved
1348:www.gov.scot
1347:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1323:yougov.co.uk
1322:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1273:www.gov.scot
1272:
1263:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1234:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1172:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:the original
1144:
1135:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:the original
1079:
1070:
1038:. Retrieved
1023:
1016:
989:
983:
971:. Retrieved
956:
949:
937:. Retrieved
927:
915:. Retrieved
911:
901:
889:. Retrieved
885:
875:
863:. Retrieved
859:
849:
837:. Retrieved
833:
806:. Retrieved
802:
793:
756:
752:
742:
701:
697:
691:
658:
654:
648:
618:
612:
569:
565:
555:
522:
518:
512:
503:
491:
483:ec.europa.eu
482:
473:
363:
356:), etc. The
318:exploitation
304:
292:
279:
264:
257:
253:
249:
213:
200:
196:adding to it
191:
123:
122:
99:relies upon
94:
62:
38:independence
33:
32:
26:
18:
2764:Management
2708:sustainable
2480:Agroecology
2333:WikiProject
2153:Agriculture
2082:Solar power
2048:Tidal power
1922:Natural gas
1912:Fossil fuel
1855:Latent heat
1823:Electricity
1353:24 February
1328:24 February
1303:24 February
1278:24 February
839:10 December
808:10 December
704:: 662–671.
311:Middle East
229:smart grids
2723:ecological
2677:metabolism
2627:Sexecology
2524:Economics
2508:ecological
2500:Demography
2116:Wind power
2038:Hydropower
1989:components
1944:Hydropower
1934:Geothermal
1884:Sound wave
1795:Zero-point
1725:Mechanical
1710:Ionization
1683:Electrical
1578:Negentropy
1459:Energetics
1145:Ecotricity
865:18 October
803:Energy.gov
661:: 102311.
465:References
334:energy mix
271:TerraPower
236:hydropower
85:automation
44:regarding
2794:Planning
2773:fisheries
2703:landscape
2672:geography
2543:education
2227:Australia
2163:Transport
2158:Computing
2126:Wind farm
2053:Wave farm
1927:Petroleum
1907:Bioenergy
1879:Radiation
1818:Capacitor
1740:Potential
1127:1364-0321
1060:ignored (
1050:cite book
785:2296-598X
734:195820056
718:0301-4797
683:244187364
675:2214-6296
640:174112731
586:0033-5177
547:158310322
539:0301-4215
233:Bioenergy
81:transport
2903:Category
2888:Scholars
2878:Journals
2868:Concepts
2863:Category
2808:regional
2803:land use
2602:Forestry
2297:Category
1862:Hydrogen
1828:Enthalpy
1730:Negative
1720:Magnetic
1705:Internal
1663:Chemical
1528:Enthalpy
1447:concepts
1375:Archived
726:31279143
604:28725090
380:See also
275:X-energy
166:, etc.
117:Eurostat
114:—
2873:Degrees
2824:Policy
2813:spatial
2739:Health
2693:Applied
2682:studies
2667:ecology
2652:studies
2647:science
2595:zoology
2590:ecology
2568:justice
2563:studies
2558:science
2504:Design
2473:Related
2309:Commons
2137:Use and
1996:Biomass
1966:Radiant
1813:Battery
1785:Thermal
1780:Surface
1765:Radiant
1735:Phantom
1715:Kinetic
1693:Binding
1673:Elastic
1656:Nuclear
1651:Binding
1538:Entropy
1436:Outline
1426:History
1241:10 July
1215:10 July
1189:10 July
1155:10 July
1090:10 July
1040:10 July
973:10 July
939:10 July
917:10 July
891:10 July
759:: 344.
595:5486912
506:. 2011.
479:"Error"
364:In the
354:tankers
287:OPEN100
109:bunkers
101:imports
97:economy
65:primary
56:by the
52:and/or
42:autarky
2828:energy
2778:forest
2758:public
2663:Urban
2585:botany
2573:racism
2548:ethics
2533:thermo
2528:energy
2383:Fields
2321:Portal
2242:Mexico
2237:Europe
2232:Canada
2217:Africa
2140:supply
1949:Marine
1838:Fossil
1790:Vacuum
1543:Exergy
1464:Energy
1415:Energy
1180:
1125:
1031:
1004:
964:
912:Forbes
783:
732:
724:
716:
681:
673:
638:
628:
602:
592:
584:
545:
537:
2818:urban
2788:waste
2261:Misc.
1971:Solar
1775:Sound
1644:Types
1518:Power
1469:Units
1431:Index
1235:CELDF
730:S2CID
679:S2CID
543:S2CID
500:(PDF)
107:plus
2222:Asia
1976:Wind
1917:Coal
1889:Work
1850:Heat
1833:Fuel
1770:Rest
1668:Dark
1633:Work
1501:Mass
1355:2023
1330:2023
1305:2023
1280:2023
1243:2019
1217:2019
1191:2019
1178:ISBN
1157:2019
1123:ISSN
1092:2019
1062:help
1042:2019
1029:ISBN
1002:ISBN
975:2019
962:ISBN
941:2019
919:2019
893:2019
867:2021
841:2020
810:2020
781:ISSN
722:PMID
714:ISSN
671:ISSN
636:OCLC
626:ISBN
600:PMID
582:ISSN
535:ISSN
352:and
348:and
309:and
307:Near
273:and
258:The
238:and
227:and
77:fuel
71:for
2553:law
1843:Oil
1115:doi
994:doi
771:hdl
761:doi
706:doi
702:247
663:doi
590:PMC
574:doi
527:doi
523:125
346:oil
198:.
148:GDP
67:or
40:or
36:is
2905::
1346:.
1321:.
1296:.
1271:.
1233:.
1208:.
1143:.
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