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electricity to create hot water for showers, washing machines, dishwashers, sterilizers, and more; geothermal is one of the cleanest and most efficient options, needing fuel to dig deep holes, hot water pumps, and tubing to distribute the hot water. Geothermal not only helps energy security, but also food security via year-round heated greenhouses. Hydroelectric, already incorporated into many dams around the world, produces a lot of energy, usually on demand, and is very easy to produce energy as the dams control the gravity-fed water allowed through gates which spin up turbines located inside of the dam.
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232:, can also prevent the proper functioning of the energy industry in a supplier country. For example, the nationalization of oil in Venezuela has triggered strikes and protests in which Venezuela's oil production rates have yet to recover. Exporters may have political or economic incentive to limit their foreign sales or cause disruptions in the supply chain. Since Venezuela's nationalization of oil, anti-American
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25:
636:. As the finite resources that have been so crucial to survival in the world decline day by day, countries will begin to realize that the need for renewable fuel sources will be more vital than ever before. Moreover, renewable energy resources are more evenly distributed than fossil fuels and, as a result, can improve energy security and reduce geopolitical tensions among states.
245:. Terrorist attacks targeting oil facilities, pipelines, tankers, refineries, and oil fields are so common they are referred to as "industry risks". Infrastructure for producing the resource is extremely vulnerable to sabotage. One of the worst risks to oil transportation is the exposure of the five ocean chokepoints, like the Iranian-controlled
589:. Although generally considered a viable energy resource, nuclear power remains controversial due to the risks associated with it. Another factor in the debate with nuclear power is the concern from people or companies regarding the location of a nuclear energy plant or the disposal radioactive waste nearby.
401:
Petroleum, otherwise known as "crude oil", has become the resource most used by countries all around the world, including Russia, China and the United States of
America. With all the oil wells located around the world, energy security has become a main issue to ensure the safety of the petroleum that
649:
crude oil (or algae-derived ethanol, which is very, very inefficient), these options are substantially cleaner than the consumption of petroleum. "Most life cycle analysis results for perennial and ligno-cellulosic crops conclude that biofuels can supplement anthropogenic energy demands and mitigate
592:
In 2022, nuclear power provided 10% of the world's total electricity share. The most notable use of nuclear power within the United States is in U.S. Navy aircraft carriers and submarines, which have been exclusively nuclear-powered for several decades. These classes of ship provide the core of the
577:
in countries including Canada (23% of the world's total in 2007), Australia (21%), Kazakhstan (16%) and more than 10 other countries. Uranium is mined and fuel is manufactured significantly in advance of need. Nuclear fuel is considered by some to be a relatively reliable power source, being more
169:
of food produced in the industrial world, 10 kilocalories of oil and gas energy are invested in the forms of fertilizer, pesticide, packaging, transportation, and running farm equipment. Energy plays an important role in the national security of any given country as a fuel to power the economic
682:
predicts that the global capacity of renewables would increase an additional 320 gigawatts. For context, that would almost entirely cover the electricity demand of
Germany. However, the report cautioned that current public policies are a threat to future renewable energy growth: "the amount of
639:
Geothermal (renewable and clean energy) can indirectly reduce the need for other sources of fuel. By using the heat from the outer core of the Earth to heat water, steam created from the heated water can not only power electricity-generating turbines, but also eliminate the need for consuming
627:
For countries where growing dependence on imported gas is a significant energy security issue, renewable technologies can provide alternative sources of electric power as well as possibly displacing electricity demand through direct heat production (e.g. geothermal and burning fuels for heat
1202:
Farah, Paolo Davide; Rossi, Piercarlo (December 2, 2011). "National Energy
Policies and Energy Security in the Context of Climate Change and Global Environmental Risks: A Theoretical Framework for Reconciling Domestic and International Law Through a Multiscalar and Multilevel Approach".
658:
could replace the energy we derive from oil. Traditional fossil fuel exporters (e.g. Russia) who built their country's wealth from memorialized plant remains (fossil fuels) and have not yet diversified their energy portfolio to include renewable energy have greater national energy
670:
by 295 gigawatts (295 billion Watts, equivalent to 295,000,000,000 Watts, or a third of a trillion Watts) despite supply chain issues and high raw material prices. The
European Union was especially impactful—its annual additions increased nearly 30% to 36 gigawatts in 2021.
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government. Increased competition over energy resources may also lead to the formation of security compacts to enable an equitable distribution of oil and gas between major powers. However, this may happen at the expense of less developed economies. The
484:
creates significant short-term vulnerabilities. The gas conflicts between
Ukraine and Russia of 2006 and 2009 serve as vivid examples of this. Many European countries saw an immediate drop in supply when Russian gas supplies were halted during the
530:
994/2010 on the same subject. EU policy operates on a number of regional groupings, a network of common gas security risk assessments, and a "solidarity mechanism", which would be activated in the event of a significant gas supply crisis.
236:
threatened to cut off supplies to the United States more than once. The 1973 oil embargo against the United States is an historical example in which oil supplies were cut off to the United States due to U.S. support of Israel during the
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355:
Increasing energy security is also one of the reasons behind a block on the development of natural gas imports in Sweden. Greater investment in native renewable energy technologies and energy conservation is envisaged instead.
77:
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have been researched relatively thoroughly, using several different sources such as sugary corn (very inefficient) and cellulose-rich switchgrass (more efficient) to produce ethanol, and fat-rich algae to produce a
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renewable power capacity added worldwide is expected to plateau in 2023, as continued progress for solar is offset by a 40% decline in hydropower expansion and little change in wind additions."
1586:
Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2017 concerning measures to safeguard the security of gas supply and repealing Regulation (EU) No 994/2010
1892:
526:, security of gas supply is protected by Regulation 2017/1938 of 25 October 2017, which concerns "measures to safeguard the security of gas supply" and took the place of the previous
205:
Competition over energy sources (e.g. biofuel(biodiesel, bioethanol) vs oil(crude, distilled fuel) vs coal vs natural gas vs nuclear vs wind vs solar vs hydro(dam, pumped))
328:
was a particular milestone that prompted some countries to increase their energy security. Japan, almost totally dependent on imported oil, steadily introduced the use of
35:
1867:
Overland, Indra. (2010). Subsidies for fossil fuels and climate change: A comparative perspective. International
Journal of Environmental Studies. 67. 303–317.
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hold a minimum of 90 days of their oil imports. These countries also committed to passing legislation to develop an emergency response plan in the case of oil
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1099:
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1562:"The U.S. leads global petroleum and natural gas production with record growth in 2018 - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
211:
Attacks on supply infrastructure (e.g. hackers stopping flow pumps inside a pipeline or intentionally surging an electrical grid to over/underload it)
402:
is being harvested. In the middle east, oil fields have become main targets for sabotage due to how heavily countries rely on oil. Many countries hold
1832:
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exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of
465:
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Unreliable energy stores (e.g. long time to spin a turbine to create power, or Li-ion battery grid explosion, or pumped hydro dam becoming clogged)
620:
Contributes to the flexibility of the rigid electrical grid via local generation (independent of easily targeted centralized power distributors).
1715:
157:
The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel anything from transportation to communication, to security and health delivery systems.
46:
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New threats to energy security have emerged in the form of the increased world competition for energy resources due to the increased pace of
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for approximately 77% of its energy needs. Not every sector is as critical as the others. Some have greater importance to energy security.
3394:
1737:
1050:"Emerald: Article Request – Sino-Indian cooperation in the search for overseas petroleum resources: Prospects and implications for India"
1924:
1913:
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Political/Domestic instability of major energy-producing countries (e.g. change in leadership's environmental values, or regime change)
3307:
1346:
2009:
3339:
3030:
825:
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Solar power is generally less vulnerable to enemy action than large fossil fuel and hydro plants and can be more quickly repaired.
1281:
2036:
541:"provides for a new set of arrangements for extensive technical cooperation ... particularly with regard to security of supply".
1893:"Renewable power is set to break another global record in 2022 despite headwinds from higher costs and supply chain bottlenecks"
1494:
Orttung, Robert & Overland, Indra. (2011). A limited toolbox: Explaining the constraints on Russia's foreign energy policy.
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to the atmosphere". Using net-carbon-positive oil to fuel transportation is a major source of green house gases, any one of
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deep under the Earth's surface. Russia is one of the three current leading country in production of natural gas alongside
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and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security.
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had made significant cuts, and have been making a number of attempts to come up with more efficient ways to use oil.
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engine. Some sectors rely on energy more heavily than others; for example, the
Department of Defense relies on
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85:
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Navy's power, and as such are the single most noteworthy application of nuclear power in the United States.
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1957:
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There are ten calories of hydrocarbon energy in every calorie of food consumed in the industrialized world.
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https://uwecworkgroup.info/distributed-electricity-generation-in-ukraine-the-risks-and-opportunities/
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https://www.pv-magazine.com/2022/06/02/ukrainian-solar-plant-partly-resumes-operations-after-bombing/
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The value of such reserves was demonstrated by the relative lack of disruption caused by the 2007
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that states a
Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of
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496:, natural gas is produced using two methods: biogenic and thermogenic. Biogenic gas comes from
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Foreign non-state actors targeting the supply and transportation of oil resources (e.g. theft)
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electricity). Renewable biofuels for transport represent a key source of diversification from
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A bilateral solidarity agreement was signed between
Germany and Denmark on 14 December 2020.
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Increases backup electricity stores via batteries that can produce and/or store electricity.
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common in the Earth's crust than tin, mercury or silver, though a debate over the timing of
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Increases the diversity of electricity sources, reducing strangleholds of one fuel type.
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284:. Although still a minority concern, the possibility of price rises resulting from the
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Saudi oil field or tankers in the Strait of Hormuz to throw the market into a spiral."
241:. This has been done to apply pressure during economic negotiations—such as during the
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Manipulation of energy supplies (e.g. mega-corporation or state-backed racketeering)
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organisms located in marshes and landfills, whereas thermogenic gas comes from the
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of the world leading to energy security and energy vulnerability at the same time.
100:
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Natural gas has been a viable source of energy in the world. Consisting of mostly
301:, first met in 1975 to coordinate economic and energy policies in the wake of the
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Fueling the Force: Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era
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512:
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411:
349:
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1471:"Energy Security as National Security: Defining Problems Ahead of Solutions"
360:
is carrying out a major hunt for domestic oil to decrease its dependency on
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2601:
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2405:
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Political and economic instability caused by war or other factors, such as
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2400:
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1770:"Are renewable energy sources more evenly distributed than fossil fuels?"
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481:
329:
166:
146:
1269:
Mathew Maavak, originally published in The Korea Herald on July 18, 2006
222:
Natural disasters (e.g. wind turbine collapsing from a major earthquake)
3006:
2746:
2668:
2606:
2574:
2514:
2208:
1995:
Institute for the Analysis of Global Security: Energy Security Research
1968:
1703:
https://www.iea.org/reports/nuclear-power-and-secure-energy-transitions
1445:
666:
In 2021, global renewable energy capacity made record-breaking growth,
497:
389:
142:
968:"Lukas TrakimaviÄŤius: Beating the energy crisis and reaching net-zero"
352:
and gas reserves, and became a net exporter of energy into the 2000s.
261:, warns, "It may take only one asymmetric or conventional attack on a
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2683:
2557:
2537:
2509:
2448:
1627:
477:
306:
171:
1701:
IEA (2022), Nuclear Power and Secure Energy Transitions, IEA, Paris
1682:
712:
194:
Foreign exporters' interests (e.g. Quid Pro Quo/blackmail/extortion)
3248:
3171:
3132:
2492:
2473:
2458:
2158:
791:
641:
441:
158:
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Accidents (e.g. shoddy weld causing debris buildup in a pipeline)
2626:
2168:
698:
558:
493:
407:
1768:
Overland, Indra; Juraev, Javlon; Vakulchuk, Roman (2022-11-01).
3153:
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2094:
2045:
553:
Sources of uranium delivered to EU utilities in 2007, from the
430:
325:
289:
262:
112:
1652:
U.S. Energy Legislation May Be 'Renaissance' for Nuclear Power
1432:"Despite Pledges to Cut Emissions, China Goes on a Coal Spree"
2975:
1380:"Reauthorization of the Energy Policy & Conservation Act"
277:
273:
1323:"Iceland's Sustainable Energy Story: A Model for the World?"
2547:
2480:
2463:
2131:
1887:
1537:"FACTBOX - 18 countries affected by Russia-Ukraine gas row"
1403:
361:
322:
36:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
992:"Russia changes tack on targeting Ukraine's energy plants"
288:
is also starting to attract the attention of at least the
2014:
123:. International energy relations have contributed to the
1716:"Grid frequency and speed's effects on power generation"
1999:
1989:
1767:
1617:, published 24 December 2020, accessed 25 December 2020
298:
16:
National security considerations of energy availability
3370:
International Conference on Population and Development
1994:
1279:
Oil Crisis, US Senator Bob Bennett, September 27, 2000
1423:
1121:"Required: Sentinels for Europe's Maritime Lifelines"
191:
Foreign in-state conflict (e.g. religious civil wars)
694:
2005:
Energy and Environmental Security Initiative (EESI)
623:
Increases resistance to threats to energy security.
433:indirectly cut exports to several countries in the
214:
Terrorism (e.g. napalming oil and/or fuel reserves)
1172:Luft, G; Korin, A. (2003). "Terrors Next Target".
1833:"Life-cycle analysis and the ecology of biofuels"
758:Energy security of the People's Republic of China
422:and other short-term threats to energy security.
3493:
1604:, updated 14 December, accessed 27 December 2020
1738:"Contribution of renewables to Energy Security"
1139:
1137:
1615:UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Summary
1260:Panoptic World: "Globocops of Energy Security"
1189:Center for Strategic and International Studies
1096:"Power plays: Energy and Australia's security"
738:Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security
255:Center for Strategic and International Studies
2991:
2030:
1645:
1187:Cordesman, A. (2006). "Global Oil Security".
1171:
614:Increases backup energy via biofuel reserves.
1205:European Energy and Environmental Law Review
1134:
893:
811:Energy and Environmental Security Initiative
743:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
133:resources and significant opportunities for
3395:United Nations world population conferences
1272:
902:"Energy: the missing link in globalization"
585:Nuclear power is seen as a means to reduce
3308:Population and housing censuses by country
2998:
2984:
2037:
2023:
1664:
1377:
1201:
1079:
1969:Energy: Economics, Politics, and Security
1793:
1429:
1186:
1174:Journal of International Security Affairs
965:
935:
925:
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
3031:Estimates of historical world population
1446:"Azerbaijan Halts Oil Exports To Russia"
899:
826:Energy security and renewable technology
548:
459:
388:
368:is well advanced in its plans to become
76:
119:among countries has led to significant
3494:
2657:Integrated gasification combined cycle
1229:
379:
188:Reliance on foreign countries for oil
2979:
2701:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
2376:Quantum chromodynamics binding energy
2018:
2000:United States Energy Security Council
1883:
1881:
1830:
1718:. Bright Hub Engineering. 15 Aug 2009
1596:
1594:
1232:"'Peak oil' enters mainstream debate"
1123:. Center for European Policy Analysis
861:International Risk Governance Council
539:UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement
414:. For example, all 31 members of the
312:
88:displaying an "Energy Security" logo.
3464:
2934:
1296:
1055:. Emeraldinsight.com. Archived from
18:
3400:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
2958:
2843:World energy supply and consumption
1730:
841:Global strategic petroleum reserves
607:The deployment of renewable fuels:
596:
280:, as well as due to the increasing
13:
1932:
1878:
1591:
1516:"Ukraine gas row hits EU supplies"
1430:Standaert, Michael (24 Mar 2021).
1084:, Center for New American Security
906:Energy Research and Social Science
243:2007 Russia–Belarus energy dispute
14:
3533:
3292:Population and Development Review
1983:
733:Category:Energy policy by country
3476:
3475:
3463:
3340:Population concern organizations
3046:Projections of population growth
2957:
2945:
2933:
2922:
2921:
1820:. Swapp Agency. 19 October 2020.
951:
900:Overland, Indra (1 April 2016).
711:
697:
544:
309:and a global economic slowdown.
23:
3441:Human impact on the environment
3375:Population Action International
1918:
1907:
1861:
1824:
1810:
1761:
1708:
1695:
1634:from the original on 2009-06-26
1620:
1607:
1578:
1554:
1529:
1508:
1488:
1477:from the original on 2009-03-04
1463:
1450:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1438:
1397:
1386:from the original on 2012-07-21
1371:
1339:
1315:
1290:
1253:
1242:from the original on 2009-05-03
1223:
1195:
1180:
1165:
1151:
1102:from the original on 2015-11-17
1028:from the original on 2016-01-19
871:Nationalization of oil supplies
286:peaking of world oil production
3390:United Nations Population Fund
3005:
1113:
1088:
1073:
1042:
1008:
984:
959:
753:Energy security of Afghanistan
680:Renewable Energy Market Update
455:
282:consequences of climate change
1:
887:
444:and need to curb demand, the
427:Russia-Belarus energy dispute
1958:Resources in other libraries
1873:10.1080/00207233.2010.492143
1786:10.1016/j.renene.2022.09.046
1671:Lessons of a Triple Disaster
410:and political impacts of an
404:strategic petroleum reserves
384:
7:
3415:World Population Foundation
3405:World Population Conference
3318:World population milestones
1889:International Energy Agency
1588:, accessed 25 December 2020
1504:10.1016/j.euras.2010.10.006
1496:Journal of Eurasian Studies
1405:International Energy Agency
1303:www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
1230:Porter, Adam (2005-06-10).
851:International Energy Agency
690:
676:International Energy Agency
466:natural gas proven reserves
416:International Energy Agency
165:has claimed that for every
109:household energy insecurity
95:is the association between
10:
3538:
3287:Population and Environment
2044:
1990:Journal of Energy Security
1024:. Event occurs at 27:50.
927:10.1016/j.erss.2016.01.009
856:International Energy Forum
600:
487:Russia-Ukraine gas dispute
372:by 2050 through deploying
152:
3459:
3423:
3348:
3300:
3279:
3197:Human population planning
3162:
3108:
3059:
3021:Demographics of the world
3013:
2917:
2891:
2767:
2647:Fossil fuel power station
2615:
2528:
2434:
2309:Electric potential energy
2274:
2254:Thermodynamic temperature
2234:Thermodynamic free energy
2229:Thermodynamic equilibrium
2075:
2052:
1967:Deese, David A. (1979). "
1953:Resources in your library
1677:483, 123 (08 March 2012)
1284:January 31, 2007, at the
652:green house gas emissions
340:systems, and implemented
321:and the emergence of the
3202:Compulsory sterilization
2718:Concentrated solar power
2010:NATO and Energy Security
1818:"Greenhouses in Iceland"
1688:25 February 2014 at the
1297:Archives, The National.
763:U.S. Energy Independence
406:as a buffer against the
99:and the availability of
3144:Malthusian growth model
2259:Volume (thermodynamics)
2239:Thermodynamic potential
2142:Mass–energy equivalence
1299:"North Sea oil and gas"
1147:. CQ Researchers. 2009.
1080:Parthemore, C. (2010),
719:Renewable energy portal
480:, reliance on imported
440:Due to the theories in
397:according to OPEC, 2013
3271:Zero population growth
3266:Sustainable population
3190:Malthusian catastrophe
3149:Overshoot (population)
3026:Demographic transition
2214:Quantum thermodynamics
2204:Laws of thermodynamics
2085:Conservation of energy
1973:International Security
1409:"Oil Security Toolkit"
1161:. CQ Researcher. 2009.
966:Trakimavicius, Lukas.
562:
473:
446:United States military
398:
272:in countries such as
177:Threats to a nation's
89:
45:by rewriting it in an
3380:Population Connection
3244:Mere addition paradox
3083:Physiological density
2331:Interatomic potential
2122:Energy transformation
1831:Davis, Sarah (2008).
1600:European Commission,
1347:"IEA - 404 Not Found"
552:
468:, based on data from
463:
450:Department of Defense
392:
374:100% renewable energy
303:1973 Arab oil embargo
111:). Access to cheaper
80:
3410:World Population Day
3365:Church of Euthanasia
3254:Non-identity problem
3229:Political demography
3185:Human overpopulation
2779:Efficient energy use
2752:Airborne wind energy
2730:Solar thermal energy
2637:Electricity delivery
2249:Thermodynamic system
2194:Irreversible process
1705:, License: CC BY 4.0
876:Pro-nuclear movement
297:, precursors to the
3259:Reproductive rights
3090:Population dynamics
3041:Population momentum
2801:Energy conservation
2723:Photovoltaic system
2696:Nuclear power plant
2381:Quantum fluctuation
2244:Thermodynamic state
2219:Thermal equilibrium
1602:Secure gas supplies
918:2016ERSS...14..122O
816:Energy independence
748:Energy Security Act
380:Short-term security
342:energy conservation
253:, a scholar at the
86:F/A-18 Super Hornet
3512:Energy development
3385:Population Matters
3100:Population pyramid
3078:Population density
3073:Population decline
2838:Sustainable energy
2816:Energy development
2806:Energy consumption
2642:Energy engineering
1657:2009-06-26 at the
1359:on 5 November 2016
1265:2007-09-27 at the
656:these developments
634:petroleum products
563:
555:2007 Annual report
474:
470:The World Factbook
399:
370:energy independent
317:The impact of the
313:Long-term security
105:energy consumption
90:
47:encyclopedic style
34:is written like a
3522:National security
3489:
3488:
3360:7 Billion Actions
3234:Population ethics
3127:Carrying capacity
3036:Population growth
2973:
2972:
2740:Solar power tower
2386:Quantum potential
2224:Thermal reservoir
2127:Energy transition
1939:Library resources
1452:. 2 February 2012
881:Strategic reserve
866:National security
836:Energy superpower
348:began exploiting
270:industrialization
251:Anthony Cordesman
135:energy efficiency
101:natural resources
97:national security
75:
74:
67:
3529:
3507:Energy economics
3479:
3478:
3467:
3466:
3436:Green Revolution
3217:Two-child policy
3212:One-child policy
3135:
3095:Population model
3051:World population
3000:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2961:
2960:
2949:
2937:
2936:
2925:
2924:
2899:Carbon footprint
2833:Renewable energy
2674:Hydroelectricity
2664:Geothermal power
2107:Energy condition
2039:
2032:
2025:
2016:
2015:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1885:
1876:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1842:. Archived from
1837:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1774:Renewable Energy
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1743:. Archived from
1742:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1668:
1662:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1628:"Cameco Uranium"
1624:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1584:European Union,
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1552:
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1549:
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1527:
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1435:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1378:Margaret Baker.
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1352:. Archived from
1351:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1294:
1288:
1276:
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1257:
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1247:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1199:
1193:
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1184:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1132:
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1129:
1128:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
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1061:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
988:
982:
981:
979:
978:
972:Centrum Balticum
963:
957:
956:
955:
949:
939:
929:
897:
721:
716:
715:
707:
702:
701:
603:Renewable energy
597:Renewable energy
587:carbon emissions
259:Washington, D.C.
247:Strait of Hormuz
93:Energy security
70:
63:
59:
56:
50:
27:
26:
19:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3502:Energy security
3492:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3455:
3419:
3353:
3351:
3344:
3296:
3275:
3224:Overconsumption
3207:Family planning
3164:
3158:
3131:
3115:
3112:
3104:
3066:
3063:
3055:
3009:
3004:
2974:
2969:
2913:
2909:Waste-to-energy
2887:
2823:Energy security
2769:
2763:
2619:
2611:
2590:Natural uranium
2524:
2505:Mechanical wave
2436:Energy carriers
2430:
2270:
2199:Isolated system
2077:
2071:
2048:
2043:
1986:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1947:
1946:
1944:Energy security
1942:
1935:
1933:Further reading
1930:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1891:(11 May 2022).
1886:
1879:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1849:on 25 June 2013
1846:
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1696:
1690:Wayback Machine
1683:10.1038/483123a
1669:
1665:
1659:Wayback Machine
1650:
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1637:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1613:UK Government,
1612:
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1295:
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1286:Wayback Machine
1277:
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1267:Wayback Machine
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1103:
1098:. Aspi.org.au.
1094:
1093:
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1078:
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1016:Michael Ruppert
1014:
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989:
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960:
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846:High Speed Rail
806:Eco-nationalism
796:
767:
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710:
703:
696:
693:
686:
605:
599:
547:
458:
393:A map of world
387:
382:
319:1973 oil crisis
315:
179:energy security
163:Michael Ruppert
155:
121:vulnerabilities
117:energy supplies
107:(as opposed to
71:
60:
54:
51:
43:help improve it
40:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3535:
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3504:
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3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3451:Sustainability
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3424:Related topics
3421:
3420:
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3372:
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3349:
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3337:
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3315:
3313:Largest cities
3310:
3304:
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3133:I = P × A  × T
3129:
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2911:
2906:
2904:Jevons paradox
2901:
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2880:
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2828:Energy storage
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2686:
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2676:
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2659:
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2639:
2634:
2632:Electric power
2629:
2623:
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2609:
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2599:
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2555:
2550:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2530:Primary energy
2526:
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2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:Entropic force
2161:
2154:Thermodynamics
2151:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2073:
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2049:
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2041:
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2019:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
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1984:External links
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1382:. Agiweb.org.
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1327:United Nations
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1211:(6): 232–244.
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509:organic matter
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346:United Kingdom
344:measures. The
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239:Yom Kippur War
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3431:Bennett's law
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3139:Kaya identity
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3123:
3120:
3119:
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3114:
3107:
3101:
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2878:South America
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2811:Energy policy
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2735:Solar furnace
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2721:
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2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
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2699:
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2691:Nuclear power
2689:
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2665:
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2617:Energy system
2614:
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2598:
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2583:
2581:
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2570:Gravitational
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2498:Hydrogen fuel
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2437:
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2427:
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2402:
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2379:
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2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:Gravitational
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
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2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
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2237:
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2227:
2225:
2222:
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2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Heat transfer
2187:
2185:
2184:Heat capacity
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Negative mass
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Energy system
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
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2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1979:(3): 140–153.
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1795:11250/3033797
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1750:on 2009-03-18
1746:
1739:
1733:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1684:
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1676:
1672:
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1597:
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1567:
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1497:
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1476:
1472:
1466:
1451:
1447:
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1433:
1426:
1410:
1407:(July 2020).
1406:
1400:
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1348:
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1328:
1324:
1318:
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1283:
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1237:
1233:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1159:Global Issues
1154:
1146:
1145:Global Issues
1140:
1138:
1122:
1116:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1083:
1076:
1062:on 2009-03-27
1058:
1051:
1045:
1038:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1011:
997:
993:
987:
973:
969:
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937:11250/2442076
933:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
896:
892:
882:
879:
877:
874:
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869:
867:
864:
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859:
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854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
821:Energy policy
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
798:
797:
793:
790:
788:
787:Oil Shockwave
785:
783:
782:Energy supply
780:
778:
775:
774:
769:
768:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
725:
724:
720:
714:
709:
706:
705:Energy portal
700:
695:
688:
684:
681:
677:
672:
669:
664:
662:
657:
653:
648:
643:
637:
635:
631:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
609:
608:
604:
594:
590:
588:
583:
581:
576:
572:
568:
567:nuclear power
561:Supply Agency
560:
556:
551:
545:Nuclear power
542:
540:
537:The proposed
535:
532:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
483:
479:
471:
467:
464:Countries by
462:
453:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
420:supply shocks
417:
413:
412:energy crisis
409:
405:
396:
391:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
353:
351:
350:North Sea oil
347:
343:
339:
336:, high-speed
335:
334:nuclear power
331:
327:
324:
320:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:Group of Five
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
231:
230:strike action
221:
220:
218:
213:
212:
210:
207:
204:
201:
196:
193:
190:
189:
187:
184:
183:
182:
180:
175:
173:
168:
164:
160:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
126:
125:globalization
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
87:
84:
79:
69:
66:
58:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
3468:
3280:Publications
3239:Antinatalism
3177:
3154:World3 model
3014:Major topics
2962:
2950:
2938:
2926:
2822:
2708:Oil refinery
2652:Cogeneration
2585:Nuclear fuel
2391:Quintessence
2179:Free entropy
2112:Energy level
2076:Fundamental
1976:
1972:
1943:
1920:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1895:. Paris: IEA
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1844:the original
1839:
1826:
1812:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1752:. Retrieved
1745:the original
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1710:
1697:
1674:
1666:
1647:
1636:. Retrieved
1622:
1609:
1580:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:
1556:
1545:. Retrieved
1543:. 2009-01-07
1540:
1531:
1520:. Retrieved
1518:. 2006-01-01
1510:
1498:. 2. 74–85.
1490:
1479:. Retrieved
1465:
1454:. Retrieved
1449:
1440:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1411:. Paris: IEA
1399:
1388:. Retrieved
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1354:the original
1341:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:
1317:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:
1292:
1274:
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1235:
1225:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1173:
1167:
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1153:
1144:
1125:. Retrieved
1115:
1104:. Retrieved
1090:
1081:
1075:
1064:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1044:
1036:
1030:. Retrieved
1020:
1010:
999:. Retrieved
995:
986:
975:. Retrieved
971:
961:
909:
905:
895:
777:Energy price
685:
679:
673:
667:
665:
660:
638:
629:
626:
606:
591:
584:
582:does exist.
580:peak uranium
565:Uranium for
564:
536:
533:
521:
517:Saudi Arabia
498:methanogenic
491:
476:Compared to
475:
439:
424:
400:
395:oil reserves
354:
338:mass transit
316:
305:, a rise in
267:
227:
178:
176:
156:
129:
92:
91:
61:
52:
33:
3163:Society and
3122:Biocapacity
2964:WikiProject
2784:Agriculture
2713:Solar power
2679:Tidal power
2553:Natural gas
2543:Fossil fuel
2486:Latent heat
2454:Electricity
1780:: 379–386.
1566:www.eia.gov
1363:29 December
912:: 122–130.
482:natural gas
456:Natural gas
330:natural gas
234:Hugo Chávez
167:kilocalorie
147:solar power
139:transitions
3496:Categories
3350:Events and
3165:population
3111:Population
3062:Population
3007:Population
2747:Wind power
2669:Hydropower
2620:components
2575:Hydropower
2565:Geothermal
2515:Sound wave
2426:Zero-point
2356:Mechanical
2341:Ionization
2314:Electrical
2209:Negentropy
2090:Energetics
1840:Cell Press
1754:2010-06-01
1638:2013-03-08
1571:2020-11-27
1547:2020-11-26
1522:2020-11-26
1481:2009-02-27
1456:2020-11-26
1390:2010-06-01
1332:2020-11-26
1308:2020-11-27
1246:2010-06-01
1127:2013-07-26
1106:2015-11-14
1066:2010-06-01
1032:2015-12-12
1001:2024-04-12
996:www.ft.com
977:2023-07-26
888:References
668:increasing
661:insecurity
528:regulation
143:wind power
3446:Migration
3323:6 billion
2858:Australia
2794:Transport
2789:Computing
2757:Wind farm
2684:Wave farm
2558:Petroleum
2538:Bioenergy
2510:Radiation
2449:Capacitor
2371:Potential
1853:3 October
1804:0960-1481
946:2214-6296
799:Strategic
647:synthetic
502:anaerobic
489:in 2006.
478:petroleum
385:Petroleum
307:inflation
181:include:
172:petroleum
131:Renewable
83:U.S. Navy
55:July 2022
3481:Category
3249:Natalism
3172:Eugenics
2928:Category
2493:Hydrogen
2459:Enthalpy
2361:Negative
2351:Magnetic
2336:Internal
2294:Chemical
2159:Enthalpy
2078:concepts
1686:Archived
1655:Archived
1632:Archived
1475:Archived
1384:Archived
1282:Archived
1263:Archived
1240:Archived
1236:BBC News
1100:Archived
1026:Archived
1021:Collapse
1018:(2009).
792:Peak oil
770:Economic
691:See also
678:'s 2022
642:Biofuels
575:enriched
442:peak oil
408:economic
364:, while
159:Peak oil
3470:Commons
3113:ecology
3064:biology
2940:Commons
2768:Use and
2627:Biomass
2597:Radiant
2444:Battery
2416:Thermal
2411:Surface
2396:Radiant
2366:Phantom
2346:Kinetic
2324:Binding
2304:Elastic
2287:Nuclear
2282:Binding
2169:Entropy
2067:Outline
2057:History
1541:Reuters
1434:. Yale.
1217:1970698
914:Bibcode
726:By area
559:Euratom
557:of the
522:In the
494:methane
429:, when
366:Iceland
161:expert
153:Threats
41:Please
3180:genics
2952:Portal
2873:Mexico
2868:Europe
2863:Canada
2848:Africa
2771:supply
2580:Marine
2469:Fossil
2421:Vacuum
2174:Exergy
2095:Energy
2046:Energy
1941:about
1899:17 May
1802:
1722:7 June
1675:Nature
1415:16 May
1215:
944:
472:, 2014
431:Russia
326:cartel
290:French
263:Ghawar
113:energy
3301:Lists
2892:Misc.
2602:Solar
2406:Sound
2275:Types
2149:Power
2100:Units
2062:Index
1847:(PDF)
1836:(PDF)
1748:(PDF)
1741:(PDF)
1357:(PDF)
1350:(PDF)
1060:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
571:mined
505:decay
358:India
278:China
274:India
2853:Asia
2607:Wind
2548:Coal
2520:Work
2481:Heat
2464:Fuel
2401:Rest
2299:Dark
2264:Work
2132:Mass
1901:2022
1855:2012
1800:ISSN
1724:2022
1417:2022
1365:2015
1213:SSRN
942:ISSN
674:The
573:and
515:and
448:and
362:OPEC
323:OPEC
276:and
145:and
137:and
103:for
3178:Dys
2474:Oil
1971:".
1869:doi
1790:hdl
1782:doi
1778:200
1679:doi
1500:doi
932:hdl
922:doi
630:and
569:is
507:of
257:in
3498::
1975:.
1880:^
1838:.
1798:.
1788:.
1776:.
1772:.
1673:;
1630:.
1593:^
1564:.
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1301:.
1238:.
1234:.
1207:.
1136:^
1035:.
994:.
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940:.
930:.
920:.
910:14
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663:.
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513:US
437:.
376:.
332:,
299:G8
249:.
81:A
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2038:e
2031:t
2024:v
1977:4
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1875:.
1871::
1857:.
1806:.
1792::
1784::
1757:.
1726:.
1692:.
1681::
1661:.
1641:.
1574:.
1550:.
1525:.
1502::
1484:.
1459:.
1419:.
1393:.
1367:.
1335:.
1311:.
1249:.
1219:.
1209:2
1191:.
1176:.
1130:.
1109:.
1069:.
1004:.
980:.
948:.
934::
924::
916::
68:)
62:(
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53:(
49:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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