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exhausted is gone. Most of earth's available energy resources are renewable resources. Renewable resources account for more than 93 percent of total U.S. energy reserves. Annual renewable resources were multiplied times thirty years for comparison with non-renewable resources. In other words, if all non-renewable resources were uniformly exhausted in 30 years, they would only account for 7 percent of available resources each year, if all available renewable resources were developed.
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3194:
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658:, for a maximum investment of 1 billion US dollars in research and development over 15 years. The MIT report calculated the world's total EGS resources to be over 13 YJ, of which over 0.2 YJ would be extractable, with the potential to increase this to over 2 YJ with technology improvements – sufficient to provide all the world's energy needs for several thousand years. The total heat content of the Earth is 13,000,000 YJ.
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be overcome by buying power from countries closer to the equator during winter months, and may also be addressed with technological developments such as the development of inexpensive energy storage. Globally, solar generation is the fastest growing source of energy, seeing an annual average growth of 35% over the past few years.
342:(ZJ) of oil reserves on Earth (although estimates vary from a low of 8 ZJ, consisting of currently proven and recoverable reserves, to a maximum of 110 ZJ) consisting of available, but not necessarily recoverable reserves, and including optimistic estimates for unconventional sources such as
562:
is the process powering the sun and other stars. It generates large quantities of heat by fusing the nuclei of hydrogen or helium isotopes, which may be derived from seawater. The heat can theoretically be harnessed to generate electricity. The temperatures and pressures needed to sustain fusion make
547:
Alternatives for energy production through fusion of hydrogen have been under investigation since the 1950s. No materials can withstand the temperatures required to ignite the fuel, so it must be confined by methods which use no materials. Magnetic and inertial confinement are the main alternatives
369:
report suggested a worst-case scenario that could occur as early as 2013. There are also theories that peak of the global oil production may occur in as little as 2–3 years. The ASPO predicts peak year to be in 2010. Some other theories present the view that it has already taken place in 2005. World
262:
There is uncertainty in the total amount of reserves, but also in how much of these can be recovered gainfully, for technological, economic and political reasons, such as the accessibility of fossil deposits, the levels of sulfur and other pollutants in the oil and the coal, transportation costs, and
691:
and reliance on weather patterns to generate electricity. Also, current solar generation does not produce electricity at night, which is a particular problem in high northern and southern latitude countries; energy demand is highest in winter, while availability of solar energy is lowest. This could
686:
Renewable energy sources are even larger than the traditional fossil fuels and in theory can easily supply the world's energy needs. 89 PW of solar power falls on the planet's surface. While it is not possible to capture all, or even most, of this energy, capturing less than 0.02% would be enough to
988:
436:
The antithesis of sustainability is a disregard for limits, commonly referred to as the Easter Island Effect, which is the concept of being unable to develop sustainability, resulting in the depletion of natural resources. Some estimate that, assuming current consumption rates, current oil reserves
304:
Natural gas is a widely available fossil fuel with estimated 850 000 km in recoverable reserves and at least that much more using enhanced methods to release shale gas. Improvements in technology and wide exploration led to a major increase in recoverable natural gas reserves as shale fracking
277:
Coal is the most abundant and burned fossil fuel. This was the fuel that launched the industrial revolution and continued to grow in use; China, which already has many of the world's most polluted cities, was in 2007 building about two coal-fired power plants every week. Coal's large reserves would
258:
on the planet depends on a detailed understanding of Earth's crust. With modern drilling technology, we can drill wells in up to 3 km of water to verify the exact composition of the geology; but half of the ocean is deeper than 3 km, leaving about a third of the planet beyond the reach of
635:
resources vary considerably, depending on assumed investments in technology and exploration and guesses about geological formations. According to a 1998 study, this might amount to between 65 and 138 GW of electrical generation capacity 'using enhanced technology'. Other estimates range from 35 to
811:
581:
Renewable resources are available each year, unlike non-renewable resources, which are eventually depleted. A simple comparison is a coal mine and a forest. While the forest could be depleted, if it is managed it represents a continuous supply of energy, vs. the coal mine, which once has been
374:
data decreased from a peak of 73.720 mbd in 2005 to 73.437 in 2006, 72.981 in 2007, and 73.697 in 2008. According to peak oil theory, increasing production will lead to a more rapid collapse of production in the future, while decreasing production will lead to a slower decrease, as the
563:
it a very difficult process to control. Fusion is theoretically able to supply vast quantities of energy, with relatively little pollution. Although both the United States and the
European Union, along with other countries, are supporting fusion research (such as investing in the
482:
estimated currently proved economically recoverable uranium deposits for once-through fuel cycles reactors to be only 2 ZJ. The ultimately recoverable uranium is estimated to be 17 ZJ for once-through reactors and 1000 ZJ with reprocessing and fast breeder reactors.
804:
608:
reduces greenhouse gas emissions, because even though it releases carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide is 23 times less of a greenhouse gas than is methane. Biofuels represent a sustainable partial replacement for fossil fuels, but their net impact on
764:
tide periods. So, dissipation plays a significant role in the tidal dynamics of the oceans. Therefore, this limits the available tidal energy to around 0.8 TW (20% of the dissipation rate) in order not to disturb the tidal dynamics too much.
1435:
Registration required. "Almost all biofuels used today cause more greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fuels if the full emissions costs of producing these “green” fuels are taken into account, two studies being published
Thursday have
768:
Waves are derived from wind, which is in turn derived from solar energy, and at each conversion there is a drop of about two orders of magnitude in available energy. The total power of waves that wash against Earth's shores adds up to 3 TW.
783:
The available wind energy estimates range from 300 TW to 870 TW. Using the lower estimate, just 5% of the available wind energy would supply the current worldwide energy needs. Most of this wind energy is available over the open ocean. The
617:, there is evidence that biofuels produced by current farming methods are substantial net carbon emitters. Geothermal and biomass are the only two renewable energy sources that require careful management to avoid local depletion.
324:(ZJ) of oil on the planet. The annual oil consumption was 0.18 ZJ in 2005. There is significant uncertainty surrounding these numbers. The 11 ZJ of future additions to the recoverable reserves could be optimistic.
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Although at the beginning of the 21st century uranium is the primary nuclear fuel worldwide, others such as thorium and hydrogen had been under investigation since the middle of the 20th century.
1132:"Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: Renewable Energy Roadmap: Renewable Energies in the 21st century; building a sustainable future - COM(2006) 848"
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Resources and technology do not constrain the capacity of nuclear power to contribute to meeting the energy demand for the 21st century. However, political and environmental concerns about
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methods were developed. At present usage rates, natural gas could supply most of the world's energy needs for between 100 and 250 years, depending on increase in consumption over time.
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created by the Moon (68%) and the Sun (32%), and Earth's relative rotation with respect to Moon and Sun, there are fluctuating tides. These tidal fluctuations result in
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Searchinger, Timothy; Heimlich, Ralph; Houghton, R. A.; Dong, Fengxia; Elobeid, Amani; Fabiosa, Jacinto; Tokgaz, Simla; Hayes, Dermot; Yu, Tun-Hsiang (2008-02-29).
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Fridleifsson, Ingvar B.; Bertani, Ruggero; Huenges, Ernst; Lund, John W.; Ragnarsson, Arni; Rybach, Ladislaus (2008-02-11). O. Hohmeyer and T. Trittin (ed.).
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depends on the agricultural practices used to grow the plants used as feedstock to create the fuels. While it is widely believed that biofuels can be
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Thorium reserves significantly exceed those of uranium, and of course hydrogen is abundant. It is also considered by many to be easier to obtain than
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350:. Current consensus among the 18 recognized estimates of supply profiles is that the peak of extraction will occur in 2020 at the rate of 93-million
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871:
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These are the proven energy reserves; real reserves may be four or more times larger. These numbers are very uncertain. Estimating the remaining
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Production of biomass and biofuels are growing industries as interest in sustainable fuel sources is growing. Utilizing waste products avoids a
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Farigone, Joseph; Hill, Jason; Tillman, David; Polasky, Stephen; Hawthorne, Peter (2008-02-29). "Land
Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt".
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2020:
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make it a popular candidate to meet the energy demand of the global community, short of global warming concerns and other pollutants.
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2015:
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2010:
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In 2005, hydroelectric power supplied 16.4% of world electricity, down from 21.0% in 1973, but only 2.2% of the world's energy.
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are the major growing investors in solar energy. Solar power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 1%.
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facility), according to one report, inadequate research has stalled progress in fusion research for the past 20 years.
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2005:
1990:
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654:(EGS) concluded that it would be affordable to generate 100 GWe (gigawatts of electricity) or more by 2050, just in the
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shows that about half of the available petroleum resources have been produced, and predicts a decrease of production.
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Another physical limitation is the energy available in the tidal fluctuations of the oceans, which is about 0.6 EJ (
4043:
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2337:
2151:
2042:
2032:
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cover 71% of the planet and wind tends to blow more strongly over open water because there are fewer obstructions.
709:
17:
1230:"Global Ur Resources to Meet Projected Demand: Latest Edition of "Red Book" Predicts Consistent Supply Up to 2025"
1138:
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In a stated goal of increasing oil prices to $ 75/barrel, which had fallen from a high of $ 147 to a low of $ 40,
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is taken from open pits, and is estimated to be roughly three times as abundant as uranium in the Earth's crust.
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per day (mbd). Current oil consumption is at the rate of 0.18 ZJ per year (31.1 billion barrels) or 85 mbd.
4018:
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started to limit the growth of this energy supply at the end of last century, particularly due to a number of
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societal instability in producing regions. In general the easiest to reach deposits are the first extracted.
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of Earth. Without forcing, this energy would be dissipated (at a dissipation rate of 3.7 TW) in about four
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1499:"Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change"
697:
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meet the current energy needs. Barriers to further solar generation include the high price of making
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1616:. IPCC Scoping Meeting on Renewable Energy Sources. Luebeck, Germany. pp. 59–80. Archived from
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1972:
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estimates the remaining uranium resources to be equal to 2500 ZJ. This assumes the use of
3208:
506:
produced by breeder reactors) mean that the development of nuclear power by countries such as
409:
A government moving away from fossil fuels would most likely create economic pressure through
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1957:
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Marchuk, G.I. and Kagan, B.A. (1989) "Dynamics of Ocean Tides", Kluwer
Academic Publishers,
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The possible role and contribution of geothermal energy to the mitigation of climate change
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are expected to move the world's energy consumption away from fossil fuels. The concept of
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Political considerations over the security of supplies, environmental concerns related to
181:
are the estimated maximum capacity for energy production given all available resources on
8:
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1196:. Energy Information Administration. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012
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http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/REN12-GSR2015_Onlinebook_low1.pdf
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902:
471:
1792:
Munk, Walter (1998). "Abyssal recipes II: energetics of tidal and wind mixing".
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556:) both of which are hot research topics in the early years of the 21st century.
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European Fusion
Development Agreement (EFDA). 2006. Retrieved on 2007-04-03
655:
601:
525:
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1767:. Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century. 2006. Archived from
1523:
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926:. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). 2005. Archived from
636:
2000 GW of electrical generation capacity, with a further potential for 140
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2955:
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1137:. Commission of the European Communities. 10 January 2007. Archived from
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186:
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778:
721:
688:
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1194:"World Proved1 Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas, Most Recent Estimates"
1038:
535:
Since the 1960s, numerous facilities throughout the world have burned
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4078:
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549:
503:
421:, and further steps in this direction are proposed. For example, the
414:
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announced decreasing production by 2.2 mbd beginning 1 January 2009.
347:
343:
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805:"Proven energy reserves, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2010"
4098:
3403:
2965:
2888:
2849:
757:
403:
358:
333:
1357:"Fifty years of U.S. fusion research - An overview of programs st"
433:
in the EU's overall mix from less than 7% in 2007 to 20% by 2020.
2431:
2381:
1163:"Basic Concepts of Sustainable Development for Business Students"
605:
595:
591:
536:
529:
528:
are enclosed underground and thus very dangerous for the miners,
521:
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1582:. Geothermal Energy Association - Washington, DC. Archived from
370:
crude oil production (including lease condensates) according to
313:
76:
4990:
3749:
3238:
2870:
2255:
1496:
730:
At the end of 2005, 0.3 GW of electricity was produced by
371:
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is being actively discouraged by the international community.
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785:
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640:
511:
182:
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27:
Estimated maximum capacity for energy production on Earth
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Deep Sea
Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
1036:
984:
429:
should set a binding target of increasing the level of
361:
may be reached in the near future, resulting in severe
3087:
International
Conference on Population and Development
417:. Some countries are taking action as a result of the
3872:
1313:"Thorium Power is the Safer Future of Nuclear Energy"
1005:
1388:"Renewable Resources in the U.S. Electricity Supply"
211:
Remaining reserves of fossil fuel are estimated as:
1903:
1232:. International Atomic Energy Agency. 2 June 2006.
3793:Health expenditure by country by type of financing
1714:
1030:
752:). Note this is only a tiny fraction of the total
896:Pollution From Chinese Coal Casts a Global Shadow
5008:
3866:Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
1253:
1214:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1039:"Oil Officials See Limit Looming on Production"
367:French Economics, Industry and Finance Ministry
3860:Programme for International Student Assessment
1754:
1708:
1706:
300:(2014), based on data from The World Factbook.
4158:
4051:
3224:
2708:
1889:
1258:. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
3763:Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza
1256:"IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios"
5022:Environmental impact of the energy industry
3112:United Nations world population conferences
1703:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4165:
4151:
4058:
4044:
3808:Total healthcare spending as % of GDP
3788:Percentage suffering from undernourishment
3231:
3217:
3025:Population and housing censuses by country
2715:
2701:
1896:
1882:
1717:Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options
1713:Tester, Jefferson W.; et al. (2005).
338:It is estimated that there may be 57
2407:Environmental issues in the United States
1522:
1411:
1124:
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
3911:Official Development Assistance received
2748:Estimates of historical world population
2392:Effects of climate change on agriculture
312:
291:
101:of all important aspects of the article.
1762:"Renewables, Global Status Report 2006"
1639:
1637:
1056:
981:Statistical Review of World Energy 2009
921:"OPEC 2005 Annual Statistical Bulletin"
715:
14:
5009:
3883:World Intellectual Property Indicators
2397:Effects of climate change on livestock
1712:
1602:
1600:
1062:
1037:Gold Russell, Davis Ann (2007-11-10).
570:
437:could be completely depleted by 2050.
97:Please consider expanding the lead to
4146:
4065:
4039:
3773:Infant and under-five mortality rates
3212:
2696:
1877:
1414:"Biofuels Deemed a Greenhouse Threat"
1272:Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
1065:"'Peak oil' enters mainstream debate"
4528:New international division of labour
3181:
2651:
2507:Tropical cyclones and climate change
1791:
1634:
1555:"The New Math of Alternative Energy"
742:at an average rate of about 3.7 TW.
379:will be spread out over more years.
117:
70:
29:
3985:Number of billionaires (US dollars)
3980:Number of millionaires (US dollars)
3803:Total health expenditure per capita
3686:Ethnic and cultural diversity level
3117:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
2540:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion
1597:
1412:Rosenthal, Elisabeth (2008-02-08).
1284:"Syria 'had covert nuclear scheme'"
952:"USGS World Energy Assessment Team"
944:
631:Estimates of exploitable worldwide
455:
427:energy policy of the European Union
185:. They can be divided by type into
174:World energy supply and consumption
24:
3523:Past and future population density
1680:"Key World Energy Statistics 2007"
1254:Nakicenovic, Nebojsa; et al.
1236:from the original on 5 August 2014
977:"Consumption by fuel, 1965 - 2008"
969:
847:"China building more power plants"
650:that took into account the use of
468:International Atomic Energy Agency
273:List of countries by coal reserves
25:
5043:
4172:
3009:Population and Development Review
2187:pharmaceuticals and personal care
1645:"The Future of Geothermal Energy"
1112:Opec agrees record oil output cut
542:
440:
389:
45:This article has multiple issues.
4989:
4979:
4978:
4189:
3943:planetary pressures–adjusted HDI
3193:
3192:
3180:
3057:Population concern organizations
2763:Projections of population growth
2662:
2661:
2650:
2338:decline in amphibian populations
2043:Deforestation and climate change
474:, which are able to create more
320:: Breakdown of the remaining 57
122:
75:
34:
4190:
3158:Human impact on the environment
3092:Population Action International
2472:Land surface effects on climate
1929:Environmental impact assessment
1905:Human impact on the environment
1860:from the original on 2017-09-11
1846:
1837:
1820:
1785:
1735:
1692:from the original on 2018-10-03
1672:
1572:
1561:from the original on 2009-10-09
1547:
1490:
1439:
1426:from the original on 2019-08-07
1405:
1394:from the original on 2010-05-12
1380:
1369:from the original on 2019-07-11
1349:
1330:
1319:from the original on 2015-01-21
1305:
1294:from the original on 2008-04-30
1276:
1262:from the original on 2018-03-01
1247:
1222:
1186:
1155:
1105:
1093:International Petroleum Monthly
1086:
1075:from the original on 3 May 2009
1045:from the original on 2013-07-08
1019:from the original on 2018-04-08
987:. July 31, 2006. Archived from
958:from the original on 2019-07-07
853:from the original on 2019-06-17
817:from the original on 2013-08-25
675:
89:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
4019:List of international rankings
3845:International Innovation Index
3768:HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
3107:United Nations Population Fund
2722:
908:
889:
864:
839:
828:
797:
357:There is growing concern that
281:
200:
99:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
3878:Tertiary education attainment
2343:decline in insect populations
1814:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00070-3
1580:"All About Geothermal energy"
1063:Porter, Adam (10 June 2005).
791:
772:
661:
620:
3990:Percentage living in poverty
3901:Access to financial services
872:"COAL: Scrubbing its future"
478:material than they consume.
7:
5032:Environmental controversies
4246:Environmental globalization
4221:Anti-globalization movement
3528:Person-to-arable land ratio
3132:World Population Foundation
3122:World Population Conference
3035:World population milestones
1041:. The Wall Street Journal.
652:Enhanced Geothermal Systems
554:Inertial confinement fusion
298:natural gas proven reserves
224:(ZJ) as of the end of 2009
10:
5048:
4394:Offshore financial centres
3830:Bloomberg Innovation Index
3758:Antidepressant consumption
3430:World population estimates
3425:Past and future population
3004:Population and Environment
1121:retrieved 21 December 2008
1102:Retrieved 10 November 2009
776:
719:
679:
665:
624:
589:
585:
574:
459:
444:
327:
285:
270:
220:Proven energy reserves in
204:
171:
4974:
4932:
4807:
4742:
4659:
4650:
4577:
4414:
4335:
4328:
4208:
4180:
4073:
4013:
3975:Share of income of top 1%
3891:
3822:
3748:
3650:
3592:
3536:
3508:
3417:
3386:
3335:
3280:
3272:Demographics of the world
3250:
3176:
3140:
3065:
3017:
2996:
2914:Human population planning
2879:
2825:
2776:
2738:Demographics of the world
2730:
2645:
2580:Environmental engineering
2530:
2427:Environmental degradation
2318:
2204:fishing down the food web
1981:
1911:
131:This article needs to be
4236:Democratic globalization
3823:Education and innovation
2919:Compulsory sterilization
2585:Environmental mitigation
2442:Greenhouse gas emissions
2402:Environmental insecurity
1013:"Oil Gas Industry Stats"
916:* Tester, et al., p. 303
905:accessed 14 October 2007
611:greenhouse gas emissions
4518:Investor-state disputes
4471:Illicit financial flows
4315:Political globalization
4263:Global financial system
3928:Human Development Index
3840:Global Innovation Index
3778:Maternal mortality rate
3353:Commonwealth of Nations
2861:Malthusian growth model
2632:Sustainable consumption
1973:Social ecology (ethics)
1524:10.1126/science.1151861
1468:10.1126/science.1152747
604:trade-off, and burning
266:
4859:Christopher Chase-Dunn
4627:Primitive accumulation
4310:Military globalization
4241:Economic globalization
4226:Cultural globalization
3906:Development aid donors
3544:Population growth rate
2988:Zero population growth
2983:Sustainable population
2907:Malthusian catastrophe
2866:Overshoot (population)
2743:Demographic transition
2575:Ecological engineering
2355:runaway climate change
1843:Tester, et al., p. 593
425:has proposed that the
325:
308:
301:
179:World energy resources
3666:Age at first marriage
3554:Net reproduction rate
3500:Population milestones
3282:Continents/subregions
3244:population statistics
3097:Population Connection
2961:Mere addition paradox
2800:Physiological density
1958:List of global issues
1337:Fusion Energy: Safety
646:A 2006 report by the
643:/year of direct use.
500:nuclear proliferation
451:Nuclear energy policy
316:
295:
4924:Immanuel Wallerstein
4585:Capital accumulation
4451:Endangered languages
4123:Biomolecular complex
3716:Number of households
3701:Linguistic diversity
3696:Immigrant population
3642:past life expectancy
3127:World Population Day
3082:Church of Euthanasia
2971:Non-identity problem
2946:Political demography
2902:Human overpopulation
2560:Community resilience
2360:in the United States
2328:Biodiversity threats
2001:cannabis cultivation
1968:Planetary boundaries
1934:Environmental issues
1924:Ecological footprint
1854:"Exergy Flow Charts"
1015:. oiljobsource.com.
716:Wave and tidal power
4996:Business portal
4555:Transnational crime
4461:Forced displacement
4446:Economic inequality
4320:Trade globalization
4216:Alter-globalization
3950:Human Poverty Index
3938:inequality-adjusted
3923:Irrigated land area
3661:Age at childbearing
3584:Past fertility rate
2976:Reproductive rights
2807:Population dynamics
2758:Population momentum
2622:Restoration ecology
2555:Climate engineering
2492:Ocean acidification
2482:Loss of green belts
2452:Holocene extinction
2447:Habitat destruction
2122:Environmental crime
1806:1998DSRI...45.1977M
1515:2008Sci...319.1238S
1509:(5867): 1238–1240.
1460:2008Sci...319.1235F
1454:(5867): 1235–1238.
835:The Middle Landfill
571:Renewable resources
423:European Commission
363:oil price increases
359:peak oil production
259:detailed analysis.
195:renewable resources
5027:Population ecology
4769:Andre Gunder Frank
4543:Race to the bottom
4533:North–South divide
4251:Global citizenship
3711:Net migration rate
3691:Ethnic composition
3510:Population density
3387:Cities/urban areas
3260:Current population
3240:Lists of countries
3102:Population Matters
2817:Population pyramid
2795:Population density
2790:Population decline
2637:Waste minimization
2595:Mitigation banking
2590:Industrial ecology
2550:Cleaner production
2502:Resource depletion
2038:Corporate behavior
1996:animal agriculture
1747:2019-04-12 at the
1342:2011-07-20 at the
1144:on 28 January 2007
1117:2019-06-29 at the
1098:2010-11-16 at the
901:2019-06-29 at the
577:Renewable resource
326:
302:
5004:
5003:
4970:
4969:
4829:K. Anthony Appiah
4824:Daniele Archibugi
4573:
4572:
4362:COVID-19 pandemic
4268:Global governance
4140:
4139:
4067:Hierarchy of life
4033:
4032:
4005:Wealth inequality
4000:Unemployment rate
3537:Growth indicators
3399:National capitals
3206:
3205:
3077:7 Billion Actions
2951:Population ethics
2844:Carrying capacity
2753:Population growth
2690:
2689:
2512:Water degradation
2387:Ecological crisis
2333:biodiversity loss
2132:Industrialisation
2117:Genetic pollution
1963:Impact assessment
1832:978-90-277-2552-3
1800:(12): 1977–2010.
1721:. The MIT Press.
754:rotational energy
633:geothermal energy
502:(especially with
498:. Concerns about
496:nuclear accidents
492:radioactive waste
377:bell-shaped curve
252:
251:
170:
169:
162:
152:
151:
116:
115:
68:
16:(Redirected from
5039:
4994:
4993:
4982:
4981:
4935:
4844:Jean Baudrillard
4812:
4759:Giovanni Arrighi
4747:
4704:Branko Milanović
4684:Jagdish Bhagwati
4662:
4657:
4656:
4548:pollution havens
4513:Invasive species
4417:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4283:Global workforce
4193:
4192:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4144:
4143:
4133:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4037:
4036:
4024:Lists by country
3735:Urban population
3676:Dependency ratio
3564:Number of deaths
3559:Number of births
3549:Natural increase
3336:Intercontinental
3233:
3226:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3196:
3195:
3184:
3183:
3153:Green Revolution
2934:Two-child policy
2929:One-child policy
2852:
2812:Population model
2768:World population
2717:
2710:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2665:
2664:
2654:
2653:
2487:Phosphorus cycle
2467:Land consumption
2462:Land degradation
2437:Freshwater cycle
2236:Overexploitation
2209:marine pollution
2016:cocoa production
1898:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1752:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1654:. Archived from
1649:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1526:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1168:. Archived from
1167:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1128:
1122:
1109:
1103:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
993:
973:
967:
966:
964:
963:
948:
942:
941:
939:
938:
932:
925:
912:
906:
893:
887:
886:
884:
883:
874:. Archived from
868:
862:
861:
859:
858:
843:
837:
832:
826:
825:
823:
822:
816:
809:
801:
627:Geothermal power
472:breeder reactors
431:renewable energy
411:carbon emissions
214:
213:
165:
158:
147:
144:
138:
126:
125:
118:
111:
108:
102:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
18:Energy resources
5047:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4988:
4966:
4947:Thomas Friedman
4933:
4928:
4879:Anthony Giddens
4854:Manuel Castells
4819:Arjun Appadurai
4810:
4808:
4803:
4745:
4743:
4738:
4734:Joseph Stiglitz
4674:Richard Baldwin
4660:
4652:
4646:
4605:Fiscal localism
4569:
4523:McDonaldization
4441:Development aid
4415:
4410:
4379:Multilingualism
4374:Labor arbitrage
4350:Climate justice
4336:
4324:
4278:Global politics
4231:Deglobalization
4204:
4176:
4171:
4141:
4136:
4077:
4069:
4064:
4034:
4029:
4028:
4009:
3965:Income equality
3918:Employment rate
3887:
3835:Education Index
3818:
3813:Body mass index
3744:
3646:
3594:Life expectancy
3588:
3532:
3518:Current density
3504:
3418:Past and future
3413:
3382:
3331:
3276:
3246:
3237:
3207:
3202:
3172:
3136:
3070:
3068:
3061:
3013:
2992:
2941:Overconsumption
2924:Family planning
2881:
2875:
2848:
2832:
2829:
2821:
2783:
2780:
2772:
2726:
2721:
2691:
2686:
2641:
2600:Organic farming
2526:
2517:Water pollution
2497:Ozone depletion
2477:Loss and damage
2377:Desertification
2314:
2226:Overconsumption
2147:cleaning agents
2048:Energy industry
2011:meat production
1977:
1907:
1902:
1872:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:. See page 225.
1825:
1821:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1749:Wayback Machine
1740:
1736:
1729:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1495:
1491:
1444:
1440:
1429:
1427:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1344:Wayback Machine
1335:
1331:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1263:
1252:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1119:Wayback Machine
1110:
1106:
1100:Wayback Machine
1091:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1006:
997:
995:
994:on July 8, 2009
991:
975:
974:
970:
961:
959:
950:
949:
945:
936:
934:
930:
923:
919:
917:
915:
913:
909:
903:Wayback Machine
894:
890:
881:
879:
870:
869:
865:
856:
854:
845:
844:
840:
833:
829:
820:
818:
814:
807:
803:
802:
798:
794:
781:
775:
728:
720:Main articles:
718:
684:
678:
670:
664:
629:
623:
598:
590:Main articles:
588:
579:
573:
545:
464:
458:
453:
443:
392:
336:
311:
290:
284:
275:
269:
209:
203:
176:
166:
155:
154:
153:
148:
142:
139:
136:
127:
123:
112:
106:
103:
96:
84:This article's
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5045:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5017:Energy sources
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4986:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4849:Zygmunt Bauman
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4750:
4748:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4714:Thomas Piketty
4711:
4709:Kevin O'Rourke
4706:
4701:
4699:Michael Hudson
4696:
4691:
4689:Robert Brenner
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4560:Westernization
4557:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4399:Tax inversions
4396:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4369:Digital divide
4366:
4365:
4364:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4345:Climate change
4341:
4339:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3655:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3579:Fertility rate
3576:
3574:Mortality rate
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3363:European Union
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3265:United Nations
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3168:Sustainability
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3141:Related topics
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3032:
3030:Largest cities
3027:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2850:I = P × A  × T
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2658:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2627:Sustainability
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2522:Water scarcity
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Nitrogen cycle
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2422:Forest dieback
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2350:Climate change
2347:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:nanotechnology
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1951:on marine life
1943:
1942:
1941:
1939:list of issues
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1870:
1845:
1836:
1819:
1784:
1753:
1734:
1727:
1702:
1671:
1633:
1596:
1571:
1546:
1489:
1438:
1419:New York Times
1404:
1379:
1348:
1329:
1304:
1290:. 2008-04-25.
1275:
1246:
1221:
1185:
1154:
1123:
1104:
1085:
1055:
1029:
1004:
968:
943:
907:
888:
863:
849:. 2007-06-19.
838:
827:
795:
793:
790:
777:Main article:
774:
771:
717:
714:
680:Main article:
677:
674:
666:Main article:
663:
660:
625:Main article:
622:
619:
615:carbon neutral
587:
584:
575:Main article:
572:
569:
560:Nuclear fusion
544:
543:Nuclear fusion
541:
488:nuclear safety
457:
456:Nuclear energy
454:
442:
441:Nuclear energy
439:
419:Kyoto Protocol
415:green taxation
400:sustainability
396:global warming
391:
390:Sustainability
388:
310:
307:
286:Main article:
283:
280:
271:Main article:
268:
265:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
218:
205:Main article:
202:
199:
168:
167:
150:
149:
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
93:the key points
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5044:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4985:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4963:
4962:Vandana Shiva
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:Saskia Sassen
4912:
4910:
4909:George Ritzer
4907:
4905:
4904:Antonio Negri
4902:
4900:
4899:L. H. M. Ling
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4884:Michael Hardt
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Alfred Crosby
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4794:Susan Strange
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:Robert W. Cox
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:Jeffrey Sachs
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4658:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4642:World-systems
4640:
4638:
4637:World history
4635:
4633:
4632:Social change
4630:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4610:Modernization
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:Global health
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4174:Globalization
4168:
4163:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4132:
4128:
4127:Macromolecule
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3995:Public sector
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Literacy rate
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:Age structure
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3637:world regions
3635:
3633:
3632:South America
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:North America
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3409:Megalopolises
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:Latin America
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3327:South America
3325:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:North America
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3199:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:Bennett's law
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3069:organizations
3064:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:Kaya identity
2854:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2610:Reforestation
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:Cultured meat
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:Birth control
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:Deforestation
2365:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2142:Manufacturing
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
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4957:John R. Saul
4942:Noam Chomsky
4934:Non–academic
4874:Susan George
4869:Nancy Fraser
4839:Walden Bello
4784:David Harvey
4774:Stephen Gill
4694:Jayati Ghosh
4600:Earth system
4466:Human rights
4406:Water crisis
4303:early modern
4129: >
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4103:Organ system
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3970:Labour force
3798:Suicide rate
3783:Obesity rate
3740:Urbanization
3681:Divorce rate
3653:demographics
3394:World cities
3185:
2997:Publications
2956:Antinatalism
2894:
2871:World3 model
2731:Major topics
2303:urban sprawl
2298:Urbanization
2246:Particulates
2231:Overdrafting
1946:Human impact
1919:Anthropocene
1862:. Retrieved
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914:Smil, p. 204
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866:
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819:. Retrieved
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736:tidal forces
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682:Solar energy
676:Solar energy
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256:fossil fuels
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191:nuclear fuel
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86:lead section
61:
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47:Please help
44:
4952:Naomi Klein
4834:Ulrich Beck
4809:Politics /
4799:Robert Wade
4789:Ronen Palan
4779:Peter Gowan
4729:Amartya Sen
4719:Dani Rodrik
4669:David Autor
4595:Development
4476:Imperialism
4424:Brain drain
4131:Biomolecule
4091:Biocoenosis
3378:Middle East
2880:Society and
2839:Biocapacity
2417:Externality
2412:Coral reefs
2372:Defaunation
2241:Overgrazing
2214:overfishing
2194:Marine life
2068:electricity
1991:Agriculture
1436:concluded."
1200:14 November
740:dissipation
732:tidal power
726:Tidal power
689:solar cells
606:methane gas
288:Natural gas
282:Natural gas
207:Fossil fuel
201:Fossil fuel
187:fossil fuel
5011:Categories
4894:Paul Hirst
4889:David Held
4754:Samir Amin
4744:Political
4679:Ravi Batra
4620:history of
4615:ecological
4590:Dependency
4538:Offshoring
4501:scientific
4491:linguistic
4456:Fair trade
4436:Care drain
4389:Tax havens
4384:Population
4293:History of
4095:Population
3933:by country
3725:Irreligion
3706:Median age
3569:Birth rate
3404:Megacities
3348:Arab world
3295:Antarctica
3067:Events and
2882:population
2828:Population
2779:Population
2724:Population
2682:mitigation
2677:assessment
2672:by country
2570:Decoupling
2532:Mitigation
2261:Reservoirs
2182:pesticides
2127:Explosives
2105:reservoirs
2006:irrigation
1864:2011-03-28
1778:2007-04-03
1696:2011-03-28
1665:2007-02-07
1627:2009-04-06
1590:2007-02-07
1565:2011-03-28
1430:2017-02-23
1398:2011-03-28
1373:2011-03-28
1323:2015-03-26
1298:2010-12-06
1266:2007-02-20
1240:2007-02-01
1179:2011-03-28
1148:2007-01-27
1079:2007-02-02
1049:2011-03-28
1023:2011-02-07
998:2009-10-24
962:2007-01-18
937:2007-01-25
882:2011-03-28
857:2011-03-28
821:2011-03-28
792:References
779:Wind power
773:Wind power
722:Wave power
708:, and the
668:hydropower
662:Hydropower
621:Geothermal
460:See also:
445:See also:
365:. A 2005
340:zettajoule
328:See also:
322:zettajoule
222:zettajoule
172:See also:
50:improve it
4919:John Urry
4811:sociology
4661:Economics
4565:World war
4288:Globality
4256:education
4119:Organelle
4087:Ecosystem
4079:Biosphere
3730:Sex ratio
3315:Caribbean
3163:Migration
3040:6 billion
2605:Recycling
2271:Transport
2256:Quarrying
2251:Pollution
2110:transport
2100:petroleum
2095:oil shale
2058:biodiesel
1484:206510225
550:Cadarache
504:plutonium
348:oil shale
344:oil sands
91:summarize
56:talk page
4984:Category
4653:scholars
4578:Theories
4486:cultural
4481:academic
4185:Journals
4099:Organism
3893:Economic
3721:Religion
3343:Americas
3198:Category
2966:Natalism
2889:Eugenics
2667:Category
2291:shipping
2276:aviation
2162:plastics
2152:concrete
2137:Land use
2053:biofuels
2021:palm oil
1858:Archived
1745:Archived
1687:Archived
1559:Archived
1541:52810681
1533:18258860
1476:18258862
1424:Archived
1392:Archived
1364:Archived
1340:Archived
1317:Archived
1292:Archived
1288:BBC News
1260:Archived
1234:Archived
1210:cite web
1115:Archived
1096:Archived
1073:Archived
1043:Archived
1017:Archived
956:Archived
899:Archived
851:Archived
812:Archived
524:. While
404:peak oil
334:Peak oil
4746:economy
4651:Notable
4429:reverse
4357:Disease
4298:archaic
4209:Aspects
4200:Studies
4195:Outline
3960:Exports
3955:Imports
3874:(TIMSS)
3868:(PIRLS)
3627:Oceania
3368:Islands
3358:Eurasia
3322:Oceania
3187:Commons
2830:ecology
2781:biology
2656:Commons
2432:Erosion
2382:Ecocide
2320:Effects
2266:Tourism
2199:fishing
2157:fashion
2080:fashion
2033:Bitcoin
1912:General
1802:Bibcode
1511:Bibcode
1503:Science
1456:Bibcode
1448:Science
762:diurnal
596:biofuel
592:biomass
586:Biomass
537:Thorium
530:thorium
522:uranium
476:fissile
352:barrels
133:updated
4506:social
4337:Global
4329:Issues
4111:Tissue
3862:(PISA)
3750:Health
3651:Other
3617:Europe
3607:Africa
3305:Europe
3290:Africa
3252:Global
2897:genics
2660:
2649:
2221:Mining
2075:energy
1983:Causes
1830:
1725:
1539:
1531:
1482:
1474:
786:oceans
698:Europe
372:US EIA
4496:media
4416:Other
4107:Organ
4083:Biome
3815:(BMI)
3602:World
3018:Lists
2615:urban
2286:roads
2177:paper
2172:paint
1772:(PDF)
1765:(PDF)
1690:(PDF)
1683:(PDF)
1659:(PDF)
1648:(PDF)
1621:(PDF)
1614:(PDF)
1537:S2CID
1480:S2CID
1367:(PDF)
1360:(PDF)
1173:(PDF)
1166:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
1135:(PDF)
992:(XLS)
931:(PDF)
924:(PDF)
815:(PDF)
808:(PDF)
750:joule
706:Japan
702:India
694:China
512:Syria
240:36.4
232:19.8
217:Fuel
183:Earth
4115:Cell
3612:Asia
3495:2015
3490:2010
3485:2005
3480:2000
3475:1989
3470:1939
3465:1900
3460:1800
3455:1700
3450:1600
3445:1500
3440:1000
3300:Asia
2281:rail
2063:coal
2026:(US)
1828:ISBN
1751:pg31
1723:ISBN
1529:PMID
1472:PMID
1216:link
1202:2016
758:semi
724:and
594:and
565:ITER
510:and
508:Iran
490:and
480:IPCC
466:The
449:and
413:and
398:and
384:OPEC
346:and
332:and
267:Coal
248:8.9
229:Coal
193:and
3242:by
2895:Dys
2310:War
1810:doi
1652:MIT
1519:doi
1507:319
1464:doi
1452:319
1069:BBC
747:exa
648:MIT
309:Oil
245:Oil
237:Gas
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