443:
552:
1179:
1119:
814:(they already have secret weapons camps), and then the long-running hate may turn into a especially ruthless massacre in old Polish villages and mansions which threatens the Balts. Therefore I want to warn you and everyone else in the same situation and ask you to leave Wartegau if possible, or at least any means of escape when the Arab uprising breaks out. Deploy the Reich in time. I ask that this letter, which I have written to you now, in July 1943, be preserved as a document and, if possible, given to others to look at.
1210:
1298:'s personal physician), in Saint Petersburg in 1894. They had five children: Johann or Hans, Guido, Ellen, Anatol, and Lydia Maria. The marriage was dissolved in 1913, after which Johann, Guido and Lydia stayed with Edgar while Anatol stayed with his mother, who moved to Finland, and some time later Lydia Maria also went there. Wahl's two eldest sons moved to Germany at the start of World War I, where they served in the army. Guido spent a short vacation in Tallinn during the
874:
33:
1041:
3373:
264:
832:. During the interrogation Wahl did not deny what he had written, and repeated several of the accusations he had made, "firmly believing" in the veracity of his predictions. He was held for some time in the Tallinn "labour and education camp", but the testimony given during his interrogation was considered strange by the
1194:
on 5 September 1921, recommending the introduction of a perfect language which would be easily acquired, not necessarily the most common planned language, for the communication between peoples. In order to find a suitable language, it was recommended that a competition be held and that the candidates
907:
During and after the world war, his foreign colleagues had very little information about Wahl's condition and whereabouts; only in the spring of 1946 was Armas
Ramstedt able to restore contact with him. It is unclear why the hospital staff at Seewald enabled such correspondence; perhaps that they may
1256:
Although
Occidental showed significant success in the late 1920s and in 1930s, it never achieved the popularity of Esperanto. Unlike Esperanto, which became a popular language among labour movements, Occidental speakers in the interwar period were predominantly Western European intellectuals. Later,
1252:
which culminated in their meeting and the publication of its results as a separate book. However, unlike
Jespersen, Wahl was an amateur linguist. His linguistic activities never reached broader theoretical linguistic problems, but were limited to constructing his own artificial language and tackling
612:
Mathematics and physics were also taught by Edgar von Wahl, a former naval officer who always had some catchy remarks about an event or person. He was very messy in conducting physics experiments: utensils or glass often broke. His attitude towards students was simple, which is also confirmed by the
509:
E. von Wahl, incidentally, had been an officer in the tsar's navy at a young age and, according to his words, put down a sailor's rebellion at
Sveaborg, Helsinki's military port or sea fortress, now called Suomenlinna, in 1905 or 1906. He must have considered this time sacred, because decades later,
903:
took place. The list of people to be deported included Wahl's name. At the time of the deportation, however, he was among a dozen people who were not deported or whose whereabouts could not be determined. Although the reasons for Wahl's escape are not known, in some cases the head of the task force
606:
Matemaatikat ja füüsikat õpetas veel Edgar von Wahl, endine mereväeohvitser, kellel oli alati varuks tabav märkus mõne sündmuse või isiku kohta. Ta oli kaunis räpakas füüsikakatsete korraldamisel: sageli murdusid riistad või purunesid klaasid. Tema suhtumine õpilastesse oli lihtne, mida kinnitab ka
432:
with my friends, and conceived the idea of a special quasi-Indian jargon for our games. It was made of Indian words taken from stories, and completed with other necessary words taken from diverse other languages. It had a grammar composed of mixed
Ancient Greek and Estonian. This language was never
813:
after the dissolution of
Bolshevism, around 1944, when the German-Allied forces approach from the north to dangerous Asia Minor to suppress the Arab uprising, but not before, it is highly likely that by withdrawing troops from the lands conquered by Germany, the Poles will try to start an uprising
2317:
Indrek Jürjo (2000). "Täiendusi baltisakslaste ümberasumise ja
Eestisse jäänud sakslaste saatuse kohta NKVD arhiiviallikate põhjal" [Additions about the resettlement of Baltic Germans and the fate of Germans remaining in Estonia according to the sources of NKVD]. In Sirje Kivimäe (ed.).
714:
In 1919, the
Secondary School of Science was divided by language: the Tallinn High School of Science taught in Estonian and the Tallinn German High School of Science taught in German. Wahl continued as a professor at the latter, where he taught classes in mathematics, physics, geography,
1146:
and the departure of its members from Saint
Petersburg, the association's activities faded away, ending entirely in 1921, but picking up again in Tallinn in the same year. The association's activities were revived by Wahl together with Linzbach, and the association's name was changed to
774:
government of
Germany, calling it a "termite state". Wahl may also have chosen to stay to avoid abandoning his large archive. The danger of ending up in a retirement home in Germany might also have played a role: this had happened to several of his acquaintances. Wahl again avoided the
711:. As a student who wrote weapon permits for volunteers: "Among those who wanted to bear weapons, I only remember one: my physics teacher, von Wahl. I think I remember it because of the mood that might have arisen in the soul of a young student when his teacher asks him for a weapon."
953:, in Saint Petersburg. He became an active advocate of Volapük, receiving the title "Teacher of Volapük" and started to compile a maritime lexicon in Volapük (although this project was never completed). In early 1888, he was introduced to Esperanto and switched to it.
723:" by his students. Among his students, Wahl was a popular teacher who was particularly dedicated to teaching geography since he had travelled extensively. The students were impressed by the fact that Wahl was a member of the English Club, which operated at the school.
1317:
In 1914, Edgar von Wahl married Agnes Riesenkampff. Like her husband, Agnes was a teacher, teaching gymnastics in Tallinn. In 1917, their daughter Veronika was born. The fate of Agnes was unclear for a long time. In 1946 it was suggested that she disappeared during
1345:, and in the following years was an active member, joining its technical committee and being the secretary of the club. He produced a yearbook dedicated to the club's 25th anniversary in 1913. In 1922, Wahl became an honorary member of the club. He owned several
904:
that carried out the deportation made the decision not to take the seriously ill or disabled, so the decision may have been influenced by the opinion of the hospital staff. Therefore, it was his presence in a mental hospital that saved Wahl for a second time.
683:. He was interested in how much it would cost to change the name, which was said to have been met with "general laughter" at the council. The votes required to change the name were eventually reached by the council, but the change itself did not take place.
663:, of which Wahl had been a member, was closed. In autumn 1914, he found himself at the centre of a propaganda campaign to change German place names. As a city councillor, he participated in discussions on the renaming of the city of Tallinn, following Mayor
649:, and became a member of the council committee for the protection of monuments of ancient buildings. Despite his teaching position, Wahl did not address education issues on the city council. He was an active attendee at council meetings, but spoke little.
944:
Wahl's efforts to create a new and ideal language for international communication began with a general interest in artificial languages in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He first became interested in the recently-created
1202:(the Esperantists remained faithful to their language). According to Ariste, internal disputes amongst the Idists and a personal appeal by Wahl led many to promote the language. In tandem with the growth of the language's popularity, the activity of
786:
to Germany that took place in the winter and early spring of 1941. He was certainly aware of the opportunity to leave, for when asked about his plans by one of his former students, he replied, leaving no doubt that his decision was stay in Estonia:
885:
343:, where Wahl's brother Arthur Johann Oskar was born in 1870. After that, the family moved to Tallinn, where Wahl's two sisters were born – Lydia Jenny Cornelia in 1871 and Harriet Marie Jenny in 1873. The family later moved to
1032:). He concluded that the ideal international language should be more naturalistic and understandable even to those who had not learnt it. Wahl also considered Esperanto too democratic, which threatened Western culture.
853:
caused by ageing and left in the Seewald hospital, which also saved him from a possible death penalty. Wahl was defended by several close relatives and friends who claimed that he was not responsible for his actions.
306:
Manor for a short time. Carl Gustav von Wahl had a total of 14 children from two marriages, from whom various Wahl lines descended. Of them, Edgar von Wahl's grandfather Alexei von Wahl, a civil servant who bought
1068:, wherein Wahl made his own proposals for reforms to the language, which Rosenberger adopted a year later in 1907. Despite the reform, the Idiom Neutral did not gain popularity. Concurrently, he developed a new
694:
affairs committees, and continued as a member of the committee for the protection of monuments of ancient buildings. However, in August 1917, a new council was elected, and Wahl's political activities ceased.
1157:
magazine published by the association from 1922 to 1926. In its first issue, Wahl introduced the artificial language he created, Occidental. From 1923 to 1928, he also promoted the language in the serial
3524:
719:, and drawing. He had a house on Eha Street, not far from the school, where students often went for follow-up work. He had designed this house in a marine style and it was therefore nicknamed the "
559:
In 1894, Wahl moved to Tallinn, where he spent most of the rest of his life. That autumn, he started working as a teacher of mathematics and physics at St. Peter's High School of Science (now the
250:). Wahl developed the language over several decades on the advice of its speakers, but became isolated from the movement (then centred in Switzerland) from 1939 after the start of World War II.
1335:
1217:
However, during the 1920s, new Occidental societies emerged. In 1927, the International Cosmoglotta Association was founded, which a year later was renamed Occidental-Union. Starting in 1927,
2917:
3381:
1206:
association diminished, and the December 1928 an event in commemoration of Waldemar Rosenberger, who had died 10 years earlier, took place being the last bigger event of the society.
805:, he was suspected of anti-state activities. Wahl was arrested on 12 August 1943, because of letters sent to Posen, to his wife's sister-in-law, that were caught by the censors in
996:
He had a restless character, always something new. Because of this trait, when he was younger, he had been increasingly inclined to advocate new designs for artificial languages
730:
when invited to an art exhibition by the school's art teacher. He retired in the mid-1920s, but continued to teach part-time until 1933. He then took up his hobbies, especially
861:
in March 1944, Wahl's house, including his archive collection, was destroyed, which came as a great shock to him. Three years later, in a letter to the Finnish Occidentalist
3446:
564:
801:
In the first year of Soviet rule in Estonia (1940-1941) Wahl managed to escape any repressions, although some of his relatives were arrested. After the beginning of the
579:
1269:
that was nearing publication, and he began envisioning a possible fusion between the two languages. These two factors convinced Berger to begin advocating the new name
1024:(of which Wahl was heavily in favour, having proposed some himself) were rejected by most Esperantists in 1894. In Ojalo's view, he also considered Esperanto to be an "
839:
2428:
1794:
2649:
235:
in 1894, of which Wahl had been a proponent, he started work to find an ideal form of an international language. In 1922, he published a "key" to a new language,
3529:
844:
1295:
363:
653:
2611:
634:), a German-language association that regularly organised presentations by and for its members. Under the pseudonym Julian Prorók, he published a booklet
1550:(always lower case) is part of the family name or territorial designation, not a first or middle name, if the noble is referred to by his last name, use
3096:
1439:
Occidental: An Intelligible European cultural language for international communication: justification, grammar, word formation, comparative text samples
809:
in July of that year. In these letters, he had predicted the outbreak of an uprising in Poland and advised the family who lived there to go to Germany:
192:. After completing the military service in 1894 he lived permanently in Tallinn and worked as a teacher. During World War II, when most Baltic Germans
3161:
652:
After the start of World War I, the Germans living in the Russian Empire were subjected to repression, from which Wahl did not completely escape; the
3479:
3276:
2048:
Must, Aadu (2014). "Privilegeeritust põlualuseks: baltisaksa ühiskonnategelaste represseerimine Esimese maailmasõja ajal.". In Tannberg, Tõnu (ed.).
1195:
be evaluated by a committee of experts convened by the League of Nations. The proposal was not taken up for consideration in the League of Nations.
3509:
3165:
1434:
Occidental: Gemeinverständliche europäische Kultursprache für internationalen Verkehr: Begründung, Grammatik, Wortbildung, vergleichende Textproben
802:
776:
197:
3141:
3429:
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1299:
1153:. Ties were maintained with the former members of the association, which operated in several European countries. Wahl was also the editor of the
3409:
3364:
3298:
3264:
2321:
Umsiedlung 60 : baltisakslaste organiseeritud lahkumine Eestist: 24. novembril 1999 Tallinna Linnaarhiivis toimunud konverentsi ettekanded
2083:
1484:
1423:
487:
412:
at university. In addition to these, throughout his life he was able to make himself understood in nine other languages. He had an interest in
858:
3032:
1048:
Wahl took the first steps to create a new language in the last years of the 19th century. In 1896 and 1897 he published two articles in the
3220:
3204:
1010:
756:
528:
323:
Edgar Alexis Robert von Wahl was born on 23 August 1867 to Oskar von Wahl and Lydia Amalie Marie (married 1866 in Tallinn), in what is now
3514:
3391:
626:
in specialized publications, as well as writing in various Tallinn newspapers and magazines. Since 1898, Wahl had been a member of the
2982:[On the interlinguistic activity of E. de Wahl (with a bibliographic appendix according to "Kosmoglott" and "Cosmoglotta")].
1241:
in various European countries and communicated closely with linguists. In 1939, he was likely the only Estonian to be invited to the
829:
569:
373:
operating in St. Petersburg, where he served as treasurer in the autumn term of 1891. He graduated in 1891 and in 1893 received a
3519:
3484:
2789:
2875:
2714:
3327:
2764:
2470:
2059:
1407:
1382:
1245:
in Brussels. During these times he was in active discussions with the Danish linguist and author of another planned language
429:
1134:
Association in Saint Petersburg. Edgar von Wahl was not one of its founders, but later joined, as did the Estonian linguist
3235:
Album Academicum der weil. drei Corporationen : A. Baltica in Zürich. B. Livonia in Carlsruhe. C. Baltica in Carlsruhe
2378:
1617:
is the name of the city in the Estonian language; throughout most of the city's history, it was known by the Germanic name
890:
704:
865:, he recalled that what had happened was a real disaster, during which many irreplaceable and unique materials were lost.
560:
1257:
near and after Wahl's death, discussions started among Occidentalists about whether to change the name of the language.
1182:
Occidentalists in Vienna in 1927: from left to right Hanns and Johann Robert Hörbiger, Engelbert Pigal and Edgar de Wahl
726:
Wahl sometimes clashed with his colleagues, openly expressing his distaste for modern art, for instance comparing it to
2980:"Об интерлингвистической деятельности Э. Валя (с библиографическим приложением по данным "Kosmoglott" и "Cosmoglotta")"
2656:
1869:[Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior about those admitted to citizenship of the Republic of Estonia].
1273:
in February 1948. The change in name took effect in October of the following year, and the Occidental-Union became the
540:
3056:
3014:
2329:
1982:
2398:
1056:, in which he presented his ideas. Around the same time, Waldemar Rosenberger, who was at the time president of the
983:, Russia's first Esperanto society founded in Saint Petersburg in 1891, and became a correspondent for the magazine
1069:
992:
However, Wahl did not align himself definitively to Esperanto, beginning the search for a new artificial language:
524:, having already been released from service by then. He may have been called to active service during World War I.
475:) and retired shortly thereafter. In the summer of 1904, Wahl was again called to active service. He served in the
185:
159:
1057:
3504:
908:
have recognized his dedication to linguistics when being supportive to his communication with the outside world.
442:
1265:
that the name Occidental was a hindrance to promoting the language. Berger had also become fond of the language
2954:(14 January 1967). "Ed. Wahl – interlingvistika arendaja" [Ed. Wahl - developer of interlinguistics.].
355:
181:
741:
3494:
734:, which had become a passion since the days of Saint Petersburg. Additionally, he was editor of the magazine
339:, started work on the Odesa–Balta–Kremenchuk–Kharkov railway in 1866. By 1869, the Wahl family had moved to
3399:
2924:[Catalogued books: Books and brochures registered temporarily before entering the RERO-catalogue]
354:
in Saint Petersburg, graduating in 1886. He then studied at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at the
324:
56:
1302:, but at the end of 1918 he disappeared. According to one source he died in a battle with the Bolshevik
736:
287:
of the Wahl noble family. Edgar von Wahl's great-grandfather was Carl Gustav von Wahl, who acquired the
3489:
1564:
1160:
Occidental, unic natural, vermen neutral e max facil e comprensibil lingue por International relations
1115:, was introduced before 1934 and was selected from several variants for its simplicity and symbolism.
555:
The house of the former St. Peter's High School of Science where Wahl worked as teacher for many years
3320:
3145:
2922:"Katalogotaj libroj: Libroj kaj broŝuroj provizore registritaj ĝis kiam ili eniros la RERO-katalogon"
1340:
1198:
Despite this failure, the Occidental language attracted interlinguists; in particular enthusiasts of
690:
in 1917. On the new council, he became a member of the city's fire department, public education, and
455:
3169:
1139:
590:
368:
359:
1602:
791:
This Hitler, this madman, forbids my language in all the countries he conquers. This guy is crazy!
535:. After acquiring Estonian citizenship at the end of 1920 Wahl was from 1921 also registered as a
658:
1101:
377:
as a teacher of drawing at the Elementary School of the Academy of Arts. He worked briefly as a
3360:
3356:
2547:
2023:
825:
596:
Wahl's teaching style was described in the memoirs of the later Estonian Minister of Education
536:
166:
645:
Wahl also entered politics before the outbreak of World War I. In 1913, he was elected to the
3450:
3433:
2272:
2108:
N. Rg. Koolipoisid. Isiklikke mälestusi meie iseseisvuse saabumispäevadelt (in Estonian). –
1937:
989:. He translated Russian fiction into Esperanto and compiled an Esperanto-Spanish dictionary.
767:
597:
584:
502:
451:
421:
296:
240:
189:
3121:
3103:[Edgar von Wahl (1867-1948) additional biographical notes on the family ancestry.].
2966:(1946). "Edgar de Wahl, autor de Occidental" [Edgar de Wahl, author of Occidental].
1866:
3499:
3474:
3469:
3313:
2975:
2921:
1025:
950:
862:
731:
646:
220:
311:
manor in 1837, laid the foundation for the Päinurme line. In addition, he was a tenant at
8:
3348:
3153:
2401:[5837 Pajusi manor cemetery and Wahl chapel • Search for monuments • Monuments].
1853:
1558:
687:
551:
532:
328:
278:
271:
3085:
Must-kuldne müts me peas ... II, Tallinna Reaalkool 1920-1940, Saksa Reaalkool 1919-1939
1884:
1334:
In addition to linguistics, Wahl was a hobby sailor. In 1895, he became a member of the
3292:
3258:
3192:
3075:
2267:
2077:
1938:"Tageschronik. Jahresbericht der Ehstländischen literarischen Gesellschaft für 1897–98"
1590:
1582:
1552:
1478:
1417:
1178:
1143:
1021:
912:
896:
521:
480:
378:
351:
232:
201:
125:
3421:
3352:
3052:
3020:
3010:
2335:
2325:
2065:
2055:
1978:
1498:
1403:
1400:
Directive dictionary of the International Language (Occidental) : in 8 languages
1378:
1274:
1191:
1142:
school" of the association; thus paving the way for the creation of Occidental. With
1105:
1073:
976:
834:
781:
393:
284:
3417:
3177:
3108:
3044:
2987:
1970:
1319:
1118:
467:
409:
389:
344:
336:
212:
177:
3089:
Black-golden hat in our head ... II, Tallinn Secondary School of Science 1920-1940
1092:), which would later become the intermediate stage of Occidental. Wahl introduced
420:
Even in my youth, I had the idea of constructing a language. Full of stories from
3425:
3072:
Black-golden hat in our head ... I, Tallinn Secondary School of Science 1917-1920
1940:[Daily chronicle. The annual report of the Estonian Literature Society].
1543:
1529:
1238:
985:
819:
Letter from Edgar von Wahl to Lieselotte Riesenkampff in Tallinn on July 18, 1943
575:
496:
492:
458:
and the United States among other places. In early 1894, he received the rank of
397:
385:
2739:
1370:
Kaiserlicher Estländischer See-Yacht-Club : historische Übersicht 1888-1913
3413:
2682:
1502:
1447:
1249:
1135:
964:
425:
332:
193:
173:
3137:
2399:"5837 Pajusi mõisa kalmistu ja Wahlide kabel • Mälestiste otsing • Mälestised"
1867:"Siseministeeriumi teadaanne Eesti wabariigi kodakondsusesse wastuwõetute üle"
1225:. In the last issue published in Tallinn, Wahl published, among other things,
600:, who himself studied at St Peter's High School of Science from 1906 to 1909:
3463:
2266:
Edgar Wahli kiri Lieselotte Riesenkampffile Tallinnas, 18. juulil 1943 . In
2069:
1395:
Radicarium directiv del lingue international (occidental) : in 8 lingues
1226:
1209:
1061:
1015:
961:
761:
527:
During his service in the navy, Wahl was awarded the 2nd and 3rd rank of the
405:
299:
136:
3244:
3208:
3024:
2339:
1237:). The success of the new language brought international renown to Wahl. He
806:
3101:"Edgar von Wahl (1867-1948) aldonaj biografiaj notoj pri la familia deveno"
2109:
1598:
1262:
720:
476:
267:
3233:
3182:
2049:
1605:
states that he was born in Bohopil, but the accuracy of it can be doubted.
1542:
which approximately means 'of' or 'from' and usually denotes some sort of
1432:
1393:
1368:
520:
It is, however, unlikely that Wahl participated in the suppression of the
479:
until October 1905, although he did not participate in the battles of the
3387:
3336:
3000:
2951:
2383:
2319:
1539:
1294:
Edgar von Wahl married Maria von Hübbenet (the daughter of Grand Duchess
1266:
1007:
960:
has written that Wahl quickly became an advocate of Esperanto's creator,
957:
934:
716:
623:
155:
118:
105:
1221:
began to be published in Vienna (instead of Tallinn) under the new name
308:
3405:
3112:
3048:
2991:
2963:
2217:
1974:
1277:, as it is today. The association has its own academy and the magazine
1258:
1149:
968:
873:
664:
413:
384:
During his boyhood, Wahl learnt several languages; he became fluent in
340:
2686:
1451:
946:
510:
for example, at my sister's wedding, he appeared in a tsarist uniform.
216:
1029:
972:
727:
708:
381:
in Saint Petersburg in the autumn of 1891, before entering the navy.
228:
148:
32:
3172:[Edgar von Wahl 1867–1948: Linguist and Political Prophet].
3100:
3036:
2979:
1964:
1694:
1692:
1652:
1650:
1060:, introduced academy members to a new language of his own creation,
949:
in 1887 being introduced to the language by his father's colleague,
824:
In the same letter, Wahl noted that he had previously predicted the
766:
in 1939, deciding to stay in Estonia. He represented the idealistic
3009:] (in Estonian). Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus. p. 143.
2819:
1303:
1261:, a leading Occidentalist from Switzerland, cited reports from the
850:
691:
205:
176:
and spent most of his childhood in Tallinn (Reval) and the capital
3146:"On Three Planned Languages Created in Estonia and their Creators"
2898:
2248:
2090:
2024:"Why Estonia's Historic Capital City Of Tallinn Is Worth Visiting"
1028:" language (original, unlike more naturalistic languages, such as
675:
was used). Wahl discovered that the oldest names of the city were
2300:
2298:
2285:
2283:
2194:
2192:
2190:
1813:
1811:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1689:
1647:
1635:
1049:
911:
Wahl died on 9 March 1948. He was buried on 14 March 1948 at the
461:
374:
312:
224:
144:
140:
75:
3525:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class
2557:
2236:
1835:
1747:
2807:
1581:
It is disputed whether Wahl was born in the town of Oliviopol (
1311:
1307:
1246:
916:
878:
771:
350:
Wahl grew up in Saint Petersburg. He began studying at the 3rd
292:
288:
3305:
2886:
2855:
2843:
2358:
2295:
2280:
2187:
2175:
2127:
2003:
1991:
1808:
1728:
1375:
Royal Estonian Sea-Yacht-Club: A Historical Overview 1888-1913
622:
At the turn of the century, Wahl began to publish articles on
1377:] (in German). Reval : Buchdruckerei Aug. Mickwitz.
1350:
1346:
1130:
In 1916, Russian artificial language enthusiasts founded the
1112:
1064:. From 1906 onwards, Rosenberger also published the magazine
593:. His teaching was interrupted only by his military service.
454:. During his service, he travelled extensively, visiting the
401:
303:
263:
3372:
3170:"Edgar von Wahl 1867–1948: keelemees ja poliitiline prohvet"
3068:
Must-kuldne müts me peas ... I, Tallinna Reaalkool 1917-1920
3007:
Looking for a world language or interlinguistics to everyone
2629:
2528:
1322:, but now it is known that she was arrested and shot by the
1040:
501:, who knew Wahl as a youth, Wahl had been very proud of his
335:). The Wahl family had moved to Ukraine after his father, a
2695:
1920:
1918:
1441:] (in German). Reval ; Mauer bei Wien: Kosmoglott.
1323:
975:
textbook (published in 1887). He soon influenced the early
900:
667:'s proposal replace its name with the Old Russian-language
2324:. Tallinn: Baltisaksa Kultuuri Selts Eestis. p. 126.
686:
Wahl was elected to the city council held just before the
227:
of marine terminology for the language, before turning to
2569:
2277:} 2016 (2), pp. 310–311 (in Estonian), tr. Reet Hünerson.
1716:
1534:
1199:
1164:
Radicarium directiv del lingue International (Occidental)
979:
and its vocabulary. Wahl was also one of the founders of
347:
where the third sister Jenny Theophile was born in 1877.
3124:[A new language for Russia and the whole World]
1915:
1759:
707:, Wahl expressed a desire to join the voluntary militia
2614:(in Interlingue, French)– Kosmoglott 1922 (1), pp. 3–5.
2593:
2581:
2506:
2504:
1903:
1776:
1774:
886:
Deportation of Germans from Estonia after World War II
3002:
Maailmakeele otsinguil, ehk, Interlingvistika kõigile
2831:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
1823:
1667:
1665:
671:(in the discussion of the matter, the incorrect name
362:. While at university, Wahl joined the Baltic German
315:
Manor, where Edgar's father Oskar von Wahl was born.
196:, he decided to stay. He was arrested in 1943 by the
2617:
2501:
2489:
2346:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2115:
1771:
1704:
1677:
3122:"Eine neue Sprache für Russland und die ganze Welt"
2516:
915:in Tallinn. In 1996, his remains were moved to the
830:
outbreak of war between the United States and Japan
642:) in 1906 about his vision of global developments.
3285:Experienced Livonia: The von Wahl Family 1795–1993
2442:
1662:
162:that was known as Occidental throughout his life.
3271:
2242:
1841:
1753:
1656:
1641:
1506:
122:
3461:
3287:] (in German). Weißenhorn. pp. 241–244.
3130:Unabhängige Schweizer Interlinguistische Studien
2680:
188:. During and after his studies he served in the
3281:Erlebtes Livland: Die Familie v. Wahl 1795–1993
3160:
2904:
2892:
2861:
2849:
2825:
2650:"Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)"
2364:
2304:
2289:
2254:
2198:
2181:
2133:
2096:
2009:
1997:
1817:
1741:
1698:
1458:Discussions between E. de Wahl and O. Jespersen
1300:German occupation of Estonia during World War I
755:Unlike his relatives, Wahl did not leave to be
3530:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
3365:Comparison between Interlingue and Interlingua
3136:
2813:
2635:
2563:
2534:
1473:] (in Interlingue). Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne.
1281:continues to be published by the association.
967:, and his work after becoming acquainted with
698:
604:
215:from an early age. He was first introduced to
3321:
3238:(in German). Jurjew, (Mattiesen). p. 57.
2647:
1086:
838:, and so Wahl was sent to be examined at the
505:and he sometimes wore it even decades later:
470:
459:
139:mathematics and physics teacher who lived in
3231:
2688:Discussiones inter E. de Wahl e O. Jespersen
2316:
1722:
1453:Discussiones inter E. de Wahl e O. Jespersen
1111:Occidental's symbol, depicting an encircled
1035:
920:
486:According to the memoirs of Estonian artist
433:used because my friends refused to learn it.
283:Edgar von Wahl was a member of the Päinurme
3225:Enciklopedio Pri la Estona Esperanto-movado
1108:) that would form the basis of Occidental.
919:manor cemetery, the family cemetery of the
208:. He stayed there until his death in 1948.
3328:
3314:
3297:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3263:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3253:] (in Estonian). Tallinn. p. 141.
2998:
2974:
2701:
2605:
2575:
2102:
2082:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2054:(in Estonian). Tartu. pp. 30–31, 33.
1483:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1422:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
450:In 1892, Wahl volunteered to serve in the
31:
16:Estonian educator, inventor of Interlingue
3181:
2218:"Keelemees, kes nägi ette Pearl Harborit"
3480:Estonian people of Baltic German descent
3251:Life on the Paths of Education: Memories
3242:
3211:[Edgar de Wahl and Occidental].
2211:
2209:
2207:
1966:Ketzereien: Keimzellen einer Philosophie
1909:
1460:] (in Interlingue). Occidental-Buro.
1208:
1177:
1117:
1039:
872:
636:Ketzereien: Keimzellen einer Philosophie
550:
441:
262:
135:, 23 August 1867 – 9 March 1948) was a
3510:People from Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast
3190:
2426:
1847:
1829:
1792:
1464:
1357:, he is said to have designed himself.
1213:Edgar de Wahl (left) and Otto Jespersen
1162:. Wahl published a book in 1925 titled
1098:Academia pro Interlingua – Discussiones
1020:, Wahl moved away from Esperanto after
868:
632:Ehstländische Literärische Gesellschaft
400:. In upper secondary school he studied
3462:
3119:
3095:
3091:] (in Estonian). Reaali Kirjastus.
2950:
2873:
2837:
2623:
2599:
2587:
2522:
2495:
2457:
2376:
2352:
1962:
1854:Ohvitseride teenistuslehtede kartoteek
1710:
1683:
750:
515:Olev Mikiver's memoirs, published 1993
446:Wahl in a Russian Navy uniform in 1914
318:
154:, and is best known as the creator of
3309:
3219:
3203:
3082:
3065:
3031:
2916:
2548:Li question del insigne de occidental
2540:
2510:
2422:
2420:
2215:
2204:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2121:
2021:
1924:
1856:(in Estonian). Registration required.
1780:
1765:
1671:
1336:Estonian Imperial Maritime Yacht Club
703:In February 1918, at the time of the
358:and architecture and painting at the
59:, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire
3107:(in Esperanto) (9). Tartu: 234–239.
2260:
2047:
1944:(in German). Tallinn. 8 October 1898
796:Edgar von Wahl in the winter of 1941
705:Estonian Declaration of Independence
546:
1786:
1138:. Wahl became a spokesman for the "
561:Tallinn Secondary School of Science
437:
13:
3515:People from Yelisavetgradsky Uyezd
2910:
2765:"ÖNB-ANNO - Cosmoglotta (Serie B)"
2691:(in Interlingue). Occidental-Buro.
2417:
1891:(in Estonian). Estonian War Museum
1589:), or the nearby village Bohopil (
1320:the forced migrations of June 1941
14:
3541:
2986:(in Russian) (4). Tartu: 87–117.
2790:"ÖNB-ANNO - Kosmoglott (Serie A)"
2715:"ÖNB-ANNO - Kosmoglott (Serie A)"
2471:"ÖNB-ANNO - Kosmoglott (Serie A)"
1402:] (in Interlingue). Tallinn.
640:Heresies: Gametes of a Philosophy
576:Baronness Elisabeth von der Howen
3371:
3246:Elu hariduse radadel: mälestused
2612:Kosmoglott e li Liga de Nationes
2216:Erelt, Pekka (15 January 2002).
2022:Spray, Aaron (30 January 2023).
1349:over the years, one of which, a
1284:
1186:The first issue of the magazine
1144:the revolutionary events of 1917
1088:International auxiliary language
1070:international auxiliary language
1022:proposals to reform the language
617:— Memoirs of Aleksander Veiderma
360:Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts
186:Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts
160:international auxiliary language
3335:
3227:(in Esperanto). Tallinn: 82–83.
3209:"Edgar de Wahl ja oktsidentaal"
2867:
2782:
2757:
2732:
2707:
2674:
2641:
2463:
2391:
2370:
2310:
2041:
2015:
1969:. Dorpat; Leipzig: F. Schledt.
1956:
1930:
1877:
1859:
1608:
1190:contained a letter sent to the
897:Germans still living in Estonia
239:, and the first edition of the
3520:Imperial Russian Navy officers
3191:Mikiver, Olev (19 June 1993).
2970:(in Interlingue) (130): 17–32.
2655:(in Esperanto). Archived from
2429:"Interlinguistic remiscenties"
1873:(in Estonian). 4 January 1921.
1795:"Interlinguistic remiscenties"
1575:
1522:
1465:——— (1953).
1431:——— (1928).
1392:——— (1925).
1082:Auxiliari Lingue International
877:Edgar von Wahl's tombstone in
849:. There he was diagnosed with
563:). Later he taught drawing at
356:University of Saint Petersburg
231:in 1888. After the failure of
223:and even started to compose a
182:University of Saint Petersburg
1:
3485:Constructed language creators
3243:Veiderma, Aleksander (2000).
3043:(in German). Tartu: 178–180.
2243:von Harpe & von Wahl 1995
1842:von Harpe & von Wahl 1995
1754:von Harpe & von Wahl 1995
1657:von Harpe & von Wahl 1995
1642:von Harpe & von Wahl 1995
1628:
1100:. In 1911, he formulated the
939:
928:
503:Tsarist-era officer's uniform
3176:(in Estonian) (2): 295–311.
2554:(92), p. 7. (in Interlingue)
2381:[Death of E. Wahl].
2377:Berger, Ric (October 1948).
2051:Esimene maailmasoda ja Eesti
803:German occupation of Estonia
253:
200:authorities and placed in a
133:Edgar Alexis Robert von Wahl
7:
3447:Bibliography of Interlingue
3215:(in Estonian) (8): 508–509.
3150:Interlinguistica Tartuensis
3105:Interlinguistica Tartuensis
2984:Interlinguistica Tartuensis
2905:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2893:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2862:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2850:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2826:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2387:(in Interlingue) (141): 98.
2365:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2305:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2290:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2255:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2199:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2182:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2134:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2097:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
2010:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
1998:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
1818:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
1742:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
1699:Mäeorg & Rahi-Tamm 2016
1492:
1084:in that language (English:
699:Life in independent Estonia
628:Estonian Literature Society
325:Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast
258:
10:
3546:
3223:(2000). "Wahl, Edgar de".
3195:[Looking back 3].
3132:(in German) (3): 9–14, 63.
3041:Album Nevanorum, 1847-1908
2999:Dulichenko, A. D. (2004).
2944:
2874:Berger, Ric (March 1946).
2814:Lumiste & Võhandu 2017
2636:Lumiste & Võhandu 2017
2564:Lumiste & Võhandu 2017
2535:Lumiste & Võhandu 2017
1889:Eesti ohvitserid 1918-1940
1505:in Interlingue devised by
1329:
1126:published in February 1922
932:
770:idea and did not like the
327:, in Ukraine (then in the
302:and was also the owner of
276:
219:by his father's colleague
108:(then known as Occidental)
90:Russian Empire (1867–1917)
3444:
3398:
3380:
3369:
3343:
3232:Stravenhagen, H. (1900).
2648:Barandovská-Frank, Vĕra.
1594:
1586:
1507:
1289:
1243:5th Linguistic Conference
1229:'s poem under the title "
1173:
1087:
1036:Creation and introduction
921:
580:Hanseatic School, Tallinn
471:
194:left Estonia in 1939–1941
100:
83:
64:
42:
30:
23:
3120:Künzli, Andreas (2015).
2546:Engelbert Pigal (1934).
1603:Wahl's birth certificate
1515:
1360:
1122:First issue of magazine
737:Estländische Wochenschau
591:Tallinn Cathedral School
531:and the 3rd rank of the
529:Order of Saint Stanislav
3193:"Heites pilku tagasi 3"
2427:de Wahl, Edgar (1927).
1963:Prorók, Julian (1906).
1793:de Wahl, Edgar (1927).
1446:———;
1367:de Wahl, Edgar (1913).
1096:in 1909 in the journal
840:Seewald mental hospital
3505:Linguists from Estonia
3382:Journals and magazines
3152:(10). Tartu, Estonia:
2110:Kaitse Kodu 1934, nr 4
1467:Spiritu de Interlingue
1214:
1183:
1127:
1045:
1006:According to Estonian
1004:
881:
826:attack on Pearl Harbor
822:
799:
620:
605:
556:
518:
460:
447:
435:
274:
211:Wahl was engaged with
198:Nazi German occupation
123:
37:Edgar von Wahl in 1926
3451:Interlingue Knowledge
3434:Hermann Alfred Tanner
3183:10.12697/AA.2016.2.08
3074:] (in Estonian).
2976:Dulichenko, Aleksandr
2882:(in Interlingue): 31.
1471:Spirit of Interlingue
1212:
1181:
1121:
1044:The Occidental symbol
1043:
994:
876:
811:
789:
732:constructed languages
602:
554:
507:
445:
418:
266:
3495:Interlingue speakers
3083:Karmo, Märt (2019).
3066:Karmo, Märt (2011).
2828:, pp. 296, 299.
2744:cosmoglotta.narod.ru
977:grammar of Esperanto
951:Waldemar Rosenberger
869:Last years and death
757:resettled in Germany
647:Tallinn city council
221:Waldemar Rosenberger
180:. He studied at the
147:. He also used the
3154:University of Tartu
2907:, pp. 297–298.
2878:[The war].
1927:, pp. 179–180.
1768:, pp. 32, 178.
1701:, pp. 295–296.
1102:word formation rule
1001:Paul Ariste in 1967
828:and the subsequent
777:second resettlement
751:During World War II
747:from 1929 to 1930.
688:February Revolution
598:Aleksander Veiderma
541:Republic of Estonia
533:Order of Saint Anne
364:Nevania corporation
329:Kherson Governorate
319:Childhood and youth
279:Wahl (noble family)
204:because of alleged
172:family in the then
167:Baltic German noble
165:He was born to the
93:Estonia (1920–1948)
3174:Ajalooline Ajakiri
3076:Tallinna Reaalkool
2920:(27 August 2020).
2662:on 23 January 2019
2566:, pp. 67, 72.
2403:register.muinas.ee
2379:"Morte de E. Wahl"
2268:Ajalooline Ajakiri
2257:, p. 306-307.
2099:, p. 301-302.
1215:
1184:
1128:
1046:
956:Estonian linguist
913:Siselinna Cemetery
882:
772:National Socialist
654:Tallinn Noble Club
557:
522:Sveaborg rebellion
481:Russo-Japanese War
448:
416:from a young age:
414:creating languages
379:substitute teacher
275:
233:Reformed Esperanto
202:psychiatric clinic
3490:Estonian scholars
3457:
3456:
3422:Heinrich Nidecker
3213:Keel ja Kirjandus
3199:(in Estonian): 8.
3037:"von Wahl, Edgar"
2740:"Cosmoglotta 289"
2704:, pp. 91–92.
2602:, pp. 13–14.
2590:, pp. 10–13.
2061:978-9985-858-90-5
1942:Revalsche Zeitung
1723:Stravenhagen 1900
1659:, pp. 83–96.
1644:, pp. 35–43.
1409:978-9916-15-205-8
1384:978-9916-15-180-8
1275:Interlingue-Union
1192:League of Nations
1080:, an acronym for
1074:Romance languages
835:Sicherheitsdienst
565:the girls' school
547:Tallinn 1894–1917
456:Caribbean islands
112:
111:
3537:
3418:Alphonse Matejka
3375:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3288:
3277:von Wahl, Dieter
3268:
3262:
3254:
3239:
3228:
3216:
3200:
3187:
3185:
3157:
3133:
3127:
3116:
3092:
3079:
3062:
3028:
2995:
2971:
2959:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2816:, p. 68-69.
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2681:de Wahl, Edgar;
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2654:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2477:(in Interlingue)
2467:
2461:
2455:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2278:
2276:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2213:
2202:
2196:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2073:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1660:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1622:
1612:
1606:
1596:
1588:
1579:
1573:
1532:personal names,
1526:
1510:
1509:
1488:
1482:
1474:
1461:
1442:
1427:
1421:
1413:
1388:
1344:
1253:related issues.
1231:Max car donation
1090:
1089:
1052:-based magazine
1019:
1002:
924:
923:
894:
884:In August 1945,
848:
820:
797:
785:
765:
745:
662:
609:
588:
573:
516:
500:
474:
473:
465:
438:Military service
430:American Indians
372:
345:Saint Petersburg
337:railway engineer
213:interlinguistics
178:Saint Petersburg
130:
71:
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3440:
3426:Engelbert Pigal
3394:
3376:
3367:
3339:
3334:
3290:
3289:
3279:, eds. (1995).
3256:
3255:
3166:Rahi-Tamm, Aigi
3125:
3097:Künzli, Andreas
3059:
3017:
2962:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2702:Dulichenko 1987
2700:
2696:
2683:Jespersen, Otto
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2598:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2576:Dulichenko 2004
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2443:
2431:
2425:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2332:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2281:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2214:
2205:
2197:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2075:
2074:
2062:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1809:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1779:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1663:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1613:
1609:
1580:
1576:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1495:
1476:
1475:
1448:Jespersen, Otto
1445:
1430:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1391:
1385:
1366:
1363:
1338:
1332:
1292:
1287:
1176:
1072:, based on the
1058:Volapük Academy
1038:
1013:
1003:
1000:
986:La Esperantisto
962:ophthalmologist
942:
937:
931:
888:
871:
842:
821:
818:
798:
795:
779:
759:
753:
739:
701:
656:
613:nickname Sass.
582:
567:
549:
537:reserve officer
517:
514:
490:
440:
366:
321:
281:
261:
256:
96:
79:
73:
69:
60:
54:
48:
46:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3543:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3455:
3454:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3414:Jacob Linzbach
3404:
3402:
3400:Occidentalists
3396:
3395:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3368:
3353:De Wahl's rule
3347:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3273:von Harpe, Ena
3269:
3240:
3229:
3217:
3201:
3188:
3162:Mäeorg, Kalmer
3158:
3134:
3117:
3093:
3080:
3063:
3057:
3029:
3015:
2996:
2972:
2960:
2958:(in Estonian).
2946:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2928:(in Esperanto)
2909:
2897:
2895:, p. 306.
2885:
2866:
2864:, p. 299.
2854:
2852:, p. 300.
2842:
2840:, p. 236.
2830:
2818:
2806:
2794:anno.onb.ac.at
2781:
2769:anno.onb.ac.at
2756:
2731:
2719:anno.onb.ac.at
2706:
2694:
2673:
2640:
2628:
2616:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2578:, p. 143.
2568:
2556:
2539:
2527:
2515:
2513:, p. 509.
2500:
2488:
2475:anno.onb.ac.at
2462:
2441:
2416:
2390:
2369:
2367:, p. 309.
2357:
2345:
2330:
2309:
2307:, p. 308.
2294:
2292:, p. 307.
2279:
2259:
2247:
2245:, p. 243.
2235:
2222:Eesti Ekspress
2203:
2201:, p. 305.
2186:
2184:, p. 304.
2174:
2172:, p. 820.
2162:
2160:, p. 818.
2150:
2148:, p. 834.
2138:
2136:, p. 302.
2126:
2124:, p. 267.
2114:
2101:
2089:
2060:
2040:
2014:
2012:, p. 301.
2002:
2000:, p. 298.
1990:
1983:
1955:
1929:
1914:
1912:, p. 141.
1902:
1876:
1858:
1846:
1844:, p. 242.
1834:
1822:
1820:, p. 297.
1807:
1785:
1783:, p. 179.
1770:
1758:
1756:, p. 294.
1746:
1744:, p. 296.
1727:
1715:
1713:, p. 234.
1703:
1688:
1686:, p. 237.
1676:
1661:
1646:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1607:
1597:), across the
1574:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1503:word formation
1499:De Wahl's rule
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1462:
1443:
1428:
1408:
1389:
1383:
1362:
1359:
1331:
1328:
1296:Maria Pavlovna
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1250:Otto Jespersen
1239:spoke publicly
1175:
1172:
1136:Jakob Linzbach
1106:De Wahl's rule
1037:
1034:
998:
965:L. L. Zamenhof
941:
938:
933:Main article:
930:
927:
899:by the Soviet
870:
867:
863:Armas Ramstedt
816:
793:
752:
749:
700:
697:
619:
618:
607:hüüdnimi Sass.
548:
545:
512:
439:
436:
428:etc, I played
426:Gustave Aimard
333:Russian Empire
320:
317:
277:Main article:
260:
257:
255:
252:
174:Russian Empire
115:Edgar von Wahl
110:
109:
102:
101:Known for
98:
97:
95:
94:
91:
87:
85:
81:
80:
74:
72:(aged 80)
66:
62:
61:
55:
53:23 August 1867
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
25:Edgar von Wahl
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3542:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3438:Edgar de Wahl
3435:
3431:
3430:A.Z. Ramstedt
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3300:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3058:9789949356782
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3016:9985-56-845-1
3012:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2677:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2638:, p. 68.
2637:
2632:
2626:, p. 14.
2625:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2537:, p. 66.
2536:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2498:, p. 63.
2497:
2492:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2405:(in Estonian)
2404:
2400:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2355:, p. 32.
2354:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2331:9985-78-025-6
2327:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2224:(in Estonian)
2223:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2085:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1986:
1984:9789916151785
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1910:Veiderma 2000
1906:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1872:
1871:Riigi Teataja
1868:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1838:
1832:, p. 47.
1831:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1725:, p. 57.
1724:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1674:, p. 82.
1673:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1504:
1501:, a rule for
1500:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1285:Personal life
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:Idiom Neutral
1059:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1009:
997:
993:
990:
988:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
936:
926:
918:
914:
909:
905:
902:
898:
892:
887:
880:
875:
866:
864:
860:
855:
852:
846:
841:
837:
836:
831:
827:
815:
810:
808:
804:
792:
788:
783:
778:
773:
769:
763:
758:
748:
746:
743:
738:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
712:
710:
706:
696:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
660:
655:
650:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
616:
615:
614:
610:
608:
601:
599:
594:
592:
586:
581:
577:
571:
566:
562:
553:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
511:
506:
504:
498:
494:
489:
484:
482:
478:
469:
464:
463:
457:
453:
444:
434:
431:
427:
423:
417:
415:
411:
407:
406:ancient Greek
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
316:
314:
310:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
280:
273:
269:
265:
251:
249:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
152:Julian Prorók
150:
146:
142:
138:
137:Baltic German
134:
129:
127:
120:
116:
107:
103:
99:
92:
89:
88:
86:
82:
77:
67:
63:
58:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3437:
3410:Karl Janotta
3284:
3280:
3250:
3245:
3234:
3224:
3212:
3196:
3173:
3149:
3142:Võhandu, Leo
3138:Lumiste, Ülo
3129:
3104:
3088:
3084:
3071:
3067:
3040:
3033:Hesse, Erich
3006:
3001:
2983:
2967:
2955:
2952:Ariste, Paul
2930:. Retrieved
2912:
2900:
2888:
2879:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2793:
2784:
2772:. Retrieved
2768:
2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2743:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2718:
2709:
2697:
2687:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2657:the original
2643:
2631:
2619:
2607:
2595:
2583:
2571:
2559:
2551:
2542:
2530:
2525:, p. 9.
2518:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2474:
2465:
2438:(41): 54–64.
2435:
2407:. Retrieved
2402:
2393:
2382:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2320:
2312:
2262:
2250:
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2221:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2104:
2092:
2050:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1965:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1941:
1932:
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1888:
1885:"Edgar Vahl"
1879:
1870:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1830:Mikiver 1993
1825:
1804:(41): 54–64.
1801:
1788:
1761:
1749:
1718:
1706:
1679:
1637:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1599:Southern Bug
1577:
1570:von Schiller
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1533:
1524:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1452:
1438:
1433:
1399:
1394:
1374:
1369:
1354:
1333:
1316:
1293:
1278:
1270:
1263:Eastern Bloc
1255:
1242:
1235:Dearest Gift
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1203:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1140:naturalistic
1131:
1129:
1123:
1110:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1047:
1005:
995:
991:
984:
980:
971:, the first
955:
943:
910:
906:
883:
859:bombing raid
856:
833:
823:
812:
800:
790:
768:pan-European
754:
735:
725:
713:
702:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
651:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
621:
611:
603:
595:
558:
526:
519:
508:
488:Olev Mikiver
485:
477:Baltic Fleet
452:Russian Navy
449:
419:
383:
349:
322:
282:
268:Coat of arms
247:
243:
236:
210:
169:
164:
151:
132:
114:
113:
104:Inventor of
70:(1948-03-09)
68:9 March 1948
18:
3500:Interlingue
3475:1948 deaths
3470:1867 births
3388:Cosmoglotta
3337:Interlingue
3221:Ojalo, Jaan
3205:Ojalo, Jaan
3113:10062/55706
3049:10062/34596
2992:10062/33858
2968:Cosmoglotta
2964:Berger, Ric
2956:Noorte Hääl
2876:"Li guerre"
2838:Künzli 2009
2624:Künzli 2015
2600:Künzli 2015
2588:Künzli 2015
2552:Cosmoglotta
2523:Künzli 2015
2496:Künzli 2015
2458:Ariste 1967
2436:Cosmoglotta
2384:Cosmoglotta
2353:Berger 1946
2271: [
1975:10062/71794
1802:Cosmoglotta
1711:Künzli 2009
1684:Künzli 2009
1540:preposition
1339: [
1279:Cosmoglotta
1271:Interlingue
1267:Interlingua
1223:Cosmoglotta
1168:8 languages
1014: [
1008:Esperantist
958:Paul Ariste
935:Interlingue
889: [
857:During the
843: [
780: [
760: [
740: [
717:cosmography
657: [
624:linguistics
583: [
568: [
491: [
367: [
272:Wahl family
248:Cosmoglotta
184:and at the
156:Interlingue
119:Interlingue
106:Interlingue
84:Citizenship
3464:Categories
3406:Ric Berger
3361:Literature
2880:Kosmoglott
2511:Ojalo 1987
2170:Karmo 2019
2158:Karmo 2019
2146:Karmo 2019
2122:Karmo 2011
1925:Hesse 1909
1781:Hesse 1909
1766:Hesse 1909
1672:Ojalo 2000
1629:References
1587:Ольвіополь
1559:Clausewitz
1259:Ric Berger
1219:Kosmoglott
1204:Kosmoglott
1188:Kosmoglott
1155:Kosmoglott
1150:Kosmoglott
1124:Kosmoglott
1104:(known as
1030:Euroclones
1011:Jaan Ojalo
969:Unua Libro
940:Background
929:Occidental
807:Königsberg
665:Jaan Poska
589:, and the
341:Kremenchuk
244:Kosmoglott
241:periodical
237:Occidental
49:1867-08-23
3293:cite book
3259:cite book
2666:22 August
2481:5 January
2112:, p. 135.
2078:cite book
2070:913774896
2028:TheTravel
1591:Ukrainian
1583:Ukrainian
1479:cite book
1418:cite book
1326:in 1941.
1314:in 1919.
1132:Kosmoglot
1076:, called
973:Esperanto
728:communism
709:Omakaitse
681:Lindanisa
630:(German:
352:Gymnasium
254:Biography
229:Esperanto
149:pseudonym
78:, Estonia
3392:IE Munde
3344:Language
3207:(1987).
3168:(2016).
3156:: 63–91.
3144:(2017).
3099:(2009).
3035:(1909).
3025:71507411
2978:(1987).
2685:(1935).
2340:49383525
2228:29 April
2033:29 April
1595:Богопіль
1553:Schiller
1546:. While
1544:nobility
1493:See also
1450:(1935).
1304:Red Army
1066:Progress
1054:Linguist
1026:a priori
999:—
925:family.
922:von Wahl
851:dementia
817:—
794:—
692:pawnshop
677:Ledenets
513:—
468:Russian:
394:Estonian
309:Päinurme
259:Ancestry
206:dementia
170:von Wahl
57:Olwiopol
3357:History
3349:Grammar
3197:Teataja
2945:Sources
1615:Tallinn
1601:river.
1508:de Wahl
1353:called
1330:Sailing
1227:Koidula
1050:Hanover
947:Volapük
895:of the
673:Kalyvan
669:Kolyvan
574:run by
539:of the
462:Michman
410:Spanish
390:Russian
375:diploma
313:Taevere
297:Kavastu
270:of the
246:(later
225:lexicon
217:Volapük
145:Estonia
141:Tallinn
131:, born
76:Tallinn
3055:
3023:
3013:
2338:
2328:
2068:
2058:
1981:
1572:, etc.
1568:, not
1565:Goethe
1530:German
1406:
1381:
1347:yachts
1312:Latvia
1308:Tukums
1290:Family
1247:Novial
1174:Spread
981:Espero
917:Pajusi
879:Pajusi
578:, the
472:мичман
422:Cooper
408:, and
398:French
386:German
300:manors
293:Tapiku
289:Pajusi
124:Edgar
3283:[
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3126:(PDF)
3087:[
3070:[
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2932:1 May
2926:(PDF)
2918:CDELI
2799:5 May
2774:5 May
2749:5 May
2724:5 May
2660:(PDF)
2653:(PDF)
2432:(PDF)
2409:2 May
2275:]
1948:6 May
1895:2 May
1798:(PDF)
1619:Reval
1538:is a
1516:Notes
1469:[
1456:[
1437:[
1398:[
1373:[
1361:Works
1351:ketch
1343:]
1306:near
1113:tilde
1018:]
893:]
847:]
784:]
764:]
744:]
721:cabin
661:]
587:]
572:]
499:]
402:Latin
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304:Kaave
158:, an
3355:) •
3299:link
3265:link
3053:ISBN
3021:OCLC
3011:ISBN
2934:2023
2801:2023
2776:2023
2751:2023
2726:2023
2668:2020
2483:2019
2411:2023
2336:OCLC
2326:ISBN
2230:2023
2084:link
2066:OCLC
2056:ISBN
2035:2023
1979:ISBN
1950:2023
1897:2023
1485:link
1424:link
1404:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1355:Auli
1324:NKVD
1094:Auli
1078:Auli
901:NKVD
404:and
396:and
295:and
285:line
190:navy
128:Wahl
65:Died
43:Born
3178:doi
3109:hdl
3045:hdl
2988:hdl
1971:hdl
1562:or
1548:von
1535:von
1528:In
1233:" (
1200:Ido
1166:in
679:or
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3449:•
3436:•
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3428:•
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