241:, which reflects semantic processing; the model predicts that sentences eliciting an ELAN (a violation of local phrase structure) will not elicit an N400, since the building of phrase structure is a prerequisite for semantic processing. These types of studies have had subjects read or listen to sentences that have both a syntactic and semantic violation in the same place. Some such studies have found such sentences to elicit an ELAN and no N400, thus supporting the claim of the "serial model", while others have found both an ELAN and an N400, challenging the model.
22:
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68:(EEG), or component of brain activity that occurs in response to a certain kind of stimulus. It is characterized by a negative-going wave that peaks around 200 milliseconds or less after the onset of a stimulus, and most often occurs in response to linguistic stimuli that violate word-category or
205:
The ELAN response has played an important role in studies of sentence processing, particularly in the development of the so-called "serial model" or "syntax-first model" of sentence processing. According to this model, the brain's first step in processing sentences is to organize input and build
91:
More recent work has criticized the design of many of the foundational studies that characterized the ELAN, such that apparent ELAN effects might be the result of spillover from words prior to the onset of the critical word. This raises important questions about whether the ELAN is a true ERP
155:, between 100 and 200ms, "under 200ms", "around 125 ms", or "about 160ms"). The speed of the ELAN may also be affected by characteristic of the violating stimuli; the ELAN appears later to visual stimuli that are fuzzy or difficult to see, and may occur earlier in
237:) then semantic processing (the brain's interpretation of the meaning of the sentence) does not go forward. This has been tested by taking advantage of two brain responses: the ELAN, which reflects the phrase-structure-building, and the
166:
Its name derives from the fact that it is picked up most robustly by EEG sensors on the left front regions of the scalp; it may sometimes, however, have a bilateral (both sides of the scalp) distribution.
427:
PulvermĂĽller, Friedemann; Yury
Shtyrov; Anna S. Hasting; Robert P. Carlyton (2008). "Syntax as a reflex: Neurophysiological evidence for the early automaticity of syntactic processing".
953:
Ye, Zheng; Yue-jia, Luo; Friederici, Angela D.; Zhou, Xiaolin (2006). "Semantic and syntactic processing in
Chinese sentence comprehension: Evidence from event-related potentials".
229:
information or meaning until after this step has succeeded. This model predicts that if the initial building of local phrase structure fails (as in the above examples *
171:
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It appears rapidly, peaking between 100 and 300 milliseconds after the onset of the grammatically incorrect stimulus (other reports have placed its time course, or
197:. It is possible, though, that it is not a response specific to language (in other words, that the ELAN might also occur in response to non-linguistic stimuli).
895:
Hagoort, Peter (2003). "Interplay between Syntax and
Semantics during Sentence Comprehension: ErP Effects of Combining Syntactic and Semantic Violations".
1897:
1178:
Frisch, Stefan; Anja Hahne; Angela D. Friederici (2004). "Word category and verb–argument structure information in the dynamics of parsing".
1135:
Frisch, Stefan; Anja Hahne; Angela D. Friederici (2004). "Word category and verb–argument structure information in the dynamics of parsing".
384:
Frisch, Stefan; Anja Hahne; Angela D. Friederici (2004). "Word category and verb–argument structure information in the dynamics of parsing".
775:
Friederici, Angela; Stefan Frisch (2000). "Verb
Argument Structure Processing: The Role of Verb-Specific and Argument-Specific Information".
1767:
1920:
88:. While it is frequently used in language research, there is no evidence yet that it is necessarily a language-specific phenomenon.
999:
Hagoort, Peter (2003). "How the brain solves the binding problem for language: a neurocomputational model of syntactic processing".
475:
Hagoort, Peter (2003). "How the brain solves the binding problem for language: a neurocomputational model of syntactic processing".
1095:
Kim, Albert; Lee
Osterhout (2005). "The independence of combinatory semantic processing: Evidence from event-related potentials".
738:
Hagoort, Peter; C.M. Brown; J. Groothusen (1993). "The syntactic positive shift (SPS) as an ERP measure of syntactic processing".
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850:
Hahne, Anja; Angela D. Friederici (2002). "Differential task effects on semantic and syntactic processes as revealed by ERPs".
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Sentences in the brain: Event-related potentials as real-time reflections of sentence comprehension and language learning
132:). The ELAN is not elicited by sentences with other kinds of grammatical errors, such as subject-verb disagreement (*"
1052:
Friederici, Angela D.; JĂĽrgen
Weissenborn (2007). "Mapping sentence form onto meaning: The syntax-semantic interface".
627:
Steinhauer, Karsten; Drury, John E. (February 2012). "On the early left-anterior negativity (ELAN) in syntax studies".
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Friederici, Angela D.; JĂĽrgen
Weissenborn (2007). "Mapping sentence form onto meaning: The syntax-semantic interface".
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Osterhout, L., McLaughlin, J., Kim, A., Greewald, R., & Inoue, K. (2004).
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The on-line study of sentence comprehension: Eyetracking-ERPs, and beyond
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140:") or grammatically dispreferred and "awkward" sentences (such as "
174:(LAN), while others label it as just an early version of the LAN.
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Some authors consider the ELAN to be a separate response from the
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Friederici, Angela D.; Karsten
Steinhauer; Stefan Frisch (1999).
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component or an artifact of certain experimental designs.
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sentences with phrase structure violations, such as *
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1921:Amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG)
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80:). As such, it is frequently a topic of study in
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177:The ELAN has been reported in languages such as
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146:the doctor charged that the patient was lying
1768:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
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698:Townsend, David J; Thomas G. Bever (2001).
681:. In M. Carreiras & C. Clifton (Eds.),
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84:experiments, specifically in areas such as
2152:Neurophysiological Biomarker Toolbox (NBT)
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685:(pp. 271–308). New York: Psychology Press.
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2007:Contingent negative variation (CNV)
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897:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
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1013:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.013
740:Language and Cognitive Processes
489:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.013
210:(for example, to take the words
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1192:10.1016/j.cognition.2003.09.009
1149:10.1016/j.cognition.2003.09.009
1088:
795:
768:
726:early left anterior negativity.
398:10.1016/j.cognition.2003.09.009
304:Lateralized readiness potential
100:The ELAN was first reported by
1941:Somatosensory evoked potential
1097:Journal of Memory and Language
1066:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.038
1022:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1E0C-2
967:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.085
918:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-18B4-B
873:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-ABA4-1
777:Journal of Memory and Language
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605:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-E573-8
576:Friederici, Angela D. (2002).
547:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.038
498:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1E0C-2
354:Somatosensory evoked potential
54:early left anterior negativity
1:
2137:Difference due to memory (Dm)
1589:Social cognitive neuroscience
864:10.1016/S0926-6410(01)00127-6
595:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01839-8
365:
284:Contingent negative variation
1936:Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
1907:Electroencephalography (EEG)
1564:Molecular cellular cognition
582:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
7:
1931:Electrocorticography (ECoG)
1783:Neurodevelopmental disorder
1758:Neural network (biological)
1753:Neural network (artificial)
641:10.1016/j.bandl.2011.07.001
441:10.1016/j.bandl.2007.05.002
250:Other language-related ERPs
244:
225:), and it does not process
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1310:Computational neuroscience
909:10.1162/089892903322370807
110:the pizza was in the eaten
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218:and organize them into a
56:(commonly referred to as
29:This article needs to be
1743:Brain–computer interface
1692:Neuromorphic engineering
1617:Educational neuroscience
1524:Nutritional neuroscience
1429:Clinical neurophysiology
1325:Integrative neuroscience
852:Cognitive Brain Research
294:Error-related negativity
289:Difference due to memory
172:left anterior negativity
2058:Late positive component
1926:Event-related potential
1554:Behavioral neuroscience
299:Late positive component
201:Use in neurolinguistics
62:event-related potential
2173:Electroencephalography
1967:Bereitschaftspotential
1549:Affective neuroscience
1330:Molecular neuroscience
1285:Behavioral epigenetics
808:Memory & Cognition
789:10.1006/jmla.2000.2709
274:Bereitschaftspotential
208:local phrase structure
70:phrase structure rules
66:electroencephalography
1612:Cultural neuroscience
1607:Consumer neuroscience
1449:Neurogastroenterology
1305:Cellular neuroscience
1584:Sensory neuroscience
1424:Behavioral neurology
1395:Systems neuroscience
267:Other ERP components
138:he goes to the store
102:Angela D. Friederici
2111:Sensorimotor rhythm
2068:Neural oscillations
2012:Mismatch negativity
1727:Social neuroscience
1627:Global neurosurgery
1504:Neurorehabilitation
1474:Neuro-ophthalmology
1459:Neurointensive care
1290:Behavioral genetics
349:P300 (neuroscience)
309:Mismatch negativity
114:the pizza was eaten
86:sentence processing
1803:Neuroimmune system
1697:Neurophenomenology
1637:Neural engineering
1360:Neuroendocrinology
1340:Neural engineering
821:10.3758/bf03211539
629:Brain and Language
429:Brain and Language
134:he go to the store
2178:Evoked potentials
2160:
2159:
2054:(late positivity)
1956:Evoked potentials
1873:
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1722:Paleoneurobiology
1657:Neuroepistemology
1632:Neuroanthropology
1598:Interdisciplinary
1484:Neuropharmacology
1444:Neuroepidemiology
721:978-0-262-70080-1
161:recognition point
104:as a response to
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2142:Oddball paradigm
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1914:Related tests
1912:
1908:
1901:
1896:
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1889:
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1878:
1866:
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1728:
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1723:
1720:
1718:
1717:Neurotheology
1715:
1713:
1712:Neurorobotics
1710:
1708:
1707:Neuropolitics
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
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1680:
1678:
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1672:Neuroethology
1670:
1668:
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1569:Motor control
1567:
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1559:Chronobiology
1557:
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1547:
1546:
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1527:
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1520:
1519:Neurovirology
1517:
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1507:
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1497:
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1365:Neurogenetics
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1300:Brain-reading
1298:
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1295:Brain mapping
1293:
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1014:
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1006:
1002:
995:
993:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:(1): 186–96.
960:
956:
949:
947:
945:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
914:
910:
906:
903:(6): 883–99.
902:
898:
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883:
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869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
846:
844:
842:
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831:
827:
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786:
782:
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771:
762:
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749:
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741:
734:
727:
723:
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713:
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703:
694:
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684:
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658:
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623:
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583:
579:
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529:
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525:
516:
512:
508:
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494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
471:
469:
467:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:(3): 244–53.
434:
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391:
387:
380:
378:
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371:
360:
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119:
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107:
103:
93:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
44:
41:November 2010
32:
27:
18:
17:
2132:10-20 system
2096:Theta rhythm
1971:
1862:
1850:
1798:Neuroimaging
1793:Neurogenesis
1677:Neurohistory
1642:Neurobiotics
1541:neuroscience
1509:Neurosurgery
1434:Epileptology
1416:neuroscience
1385:Neurophysics
1375:Neurometrics
1350:Neurobiology
1345:Neuroanatomy
1315:Connectomics
1249:Neuroscience
1183:
1179:
1173:
1140:
1136:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1004:
1000:
958:
954:
900:
896:
890:
855:
851:
811:
807:
797:
780:
776:
770:
743:
739:
733:
725:
701:
682:
673:
632:
628:
622:
585:
581:
571:
538:
534:
480:
476:
432:
428:
422:
389:
385:
234:
230:
222:
215:
211:
204:
176:
169:
165:
152:
150:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
99:
90:
77:
73:
57:
53:
51:
38:
30:
2022:C1 & P1
1667:Neuroethics
1514:Neurotology
1007:: S18–S29.
220:noun phrase
122:Max's proof
78:in the room
76:instead of
74:the in room
2167:Categories
2091:Delta wave
2086:Gamma wave
2076:Alpha wave
2018:Positivity
1963:Negativity
1828:Neurotoxin
1529:Psychiatry
1143:(3): 196.
1103:(2): 206.
1001:NeuroImage
858:(3): 340.
814:(3): 439.
761:2066/15987
710:. p.
483:: S18–29.
477:NeuroImage
366:References
235:your write
126:your write
2101:K-complex
2081:Beta wave
1982:Visual N1
1773:Neurochip
1539:Cognitive
1464:Neurology
1180:Cognition
1137:Cognition
1105:CiteSeerX
708:MIT Press
649:1090-2155
588:(2): 81.
386:Cognition
359:Visual N1
279:C1 and P1
223:the pizza
130:you write
1852:Category
1736:Concepts
1682:Neurolaw
1414:Clinical
1208:44889189
1200:15168895
1165:44889189
1157:15168895
1082:14664214
1074:16956590
1060:: 50–8.
1039:18845725
1031:14597293
983:18324338
975:16412999
935:15814199
927:14511541
882:11918999
830:10355234
665:10762789
657:21924483
614:15866191
563:14664214
555:16956590
541:: 50–8.
515:18845725
507:14597293
457:13870754
449:17624417
414:44889189
406:15168895
245:See also
227:semantic
195:Japanese
72:(as in *
60:) is an
2116:Mu wave
1864:Commons
1277:science
1265:History
1260:Outline
191:Chinese
179:English
153:latency
31:updated
2147:EEGLAB
2125:Topics
1600:fields
1206:
1198:
1163:
1155:
1107:
1080:
1072:
1037:
1029:
981:
973:
933:
925:
880:
828:
718:
663:
655:
647:
612:
561:
553:
513:
505:
455:
447:
412:
404:
193:, and
183:German
124:) or *
106:German
1275:Basic
1204:S2CID
1161:S2CID
1078:S2CID
1035:S2CID
979:S2CID
931:S2CID
661:S2CID
559:S2CID
511:S2CID
453:S2CID
410:S2CID
233:and *
216:pizza
187:Dutch
2052:P600
2037:P300
2032:P200
2002:N400
1997:N2pc
1992:N200
1987:N170
1977:N100
1972:ELAN
1196:PMID
1153:PMID
1070:PMID
1058:1146
1027:PMID
971:PMID
959:1071
923:PMID
878:PMID
826:PMID
716:ISBN
653:PMID
645:ISSN
610:PMID
551:PMID
539:1146
503:PMID
445:PMID
402:PMID
344:P200
329:N200
324:N170
319:N100
314:N2pc
261:P600
256:N400
239:N400
214:and
58:ELAN
52:The
2047:P3b
2042:P3a
2027:P50
1188:doi
1145:doi
1115:doi
1062:doi
1017:hdl
1009:doi
963:doi
913:hdl
905:doi
868:hdl
860:doi
816:doi
785:doi
756:hdl
748:doi
712:382
637:doi
633:120
600:hdl
590:doi
543:doi
493:hdl
485:doi
437:doi
433:104
394:doi
339:P3b
334:P3a
212:the
64:in
2169::
1202:.
1194:.
1184:91
1182:.
1159:.
1151:.
1141:91
1139:.
1127:^
1113:.
1101:52
1099:.
1076:.
1068:.
1056:.
1033:.
1025:.
1015:.
1005:20
1003:.
991:^
977:.
969:.
957:.
943:^
929:.
921:.
911:.
901:15
899:.
876:.
866:.
856:13
854:.
838:^
824:.
812:27
810:.
806:.
781:43
779:.
754:.
742:.
724:.
714:.
706:.
690:^
659:.
651:.
643:.
631:.
608:.
598:.
584:.
580:.
557:.
549:.
537:.
523:^
509:.
501:.
491:.
481:20
479:.
465:^
451:.
443:.
431:.
408:.
400:.
390:91
388:.
374:^
189:,
185:,
181:,
163:.
1899:e
1892:t
1885:v
1241:e
1234:t
1227:v
1210:.
1190::
1167:.
1147::
1121:.
1117::
1084:.
1064::
1041:.
1019::
1011::
985:.
965::
937:.
915::
907::
884:.
870::
862::
832:.
818::
791:.
787::
764:.
758::
750::
744:8
667:.
639::
616:.
602::
592::
586:6
565:.
545::
517:.
495::
487::
459:.
439::
416:.
396::
43:)
39:(
33:.
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