Dieppe Raid - Knowledge

2409: 2834: 56: 2777: 2987: 2367: 2486: 2084: 2452: 1822: 2438:, that "If I had been aware of the orders given to the escort to shoot him rather than let him be captured, I would have cancelled them immediately". Nissenthall and his bodyguards failed to overcome the radar station defences but Nissenthall was able to crawl up to the rear of the station under enemy fire and cut all telephone wires leading to it. The operators inside resorted to radio to talk to their commanders which was intercepted by listening posts on the south coast of England. The Allies were able to learn a great deal about the improved accuracy, location, capacity and density of German radar stations along the Channel coast which helped to convince Allied commanders of the importance of developing radar jamming technology. Only Nissenthall and one South Saskatchewan of the party returned to England. 2392:'s 1st Battalion was headed towards Pourville. They beached at 04:52, without having been detected. The battalion managed to leave their landing craft before the Germans could open fire. However, on the way in, some of the landing craft had drifted off course and most of the battalion found themselves west of the River Scie rather than east of it. Because they had been landed in the wrong place, the battalion, whose objective was the hills east of the village and the Hindenburg Battery artillery, had to enter Pourville to cross the river by the only bridge. Before the Saskatchewans managed to reach the bridge, the Germans had positioned machine guns and anti-tank guns there which stopped their advance. With the battalion's dead and wounded piling up on the bridge, Lieutenant Colonel 3133:; a five-man team from X Troop was to break into the Enigma machine's room at Dieppe and take the machine and code books. (German speakers were needed to identify the relevant code documents, and possibly, to interrogate prisoners taken.) Garret found a formerly classified after-action report written by "Maurice Latimer", the Anglicised name of the one Sudeten German who returned from the mission, who reported that his orders were "to proceed immediately to German General HQ in Dieppe to pick up all documents, etc of value, including, if possible, a new German respirator" (almost certainly a code word referring to the Enigma machine). The mission failed, with one member killed, another seriously wounded, and two taken prisoner. 2317:) got ashore on Yellow II beach. They reached the perimeter of the battery via Berneval, after it was attacked by Hurricane fighter-bombers, engaging their target with small arms fire. Although unable to destroy the guns, their sniping for a time managed to distract the battery to such good effect that the gunners fired wildly and there was no known instance of this battery sinking any of the assault convoy ships off Dieppe. The commandos were eventually forced to withdraw in the face of superior enemy forces (aboard ML346), and was effected with such haste that Major Young was unable to board the ship: he was towed part of the way to port, in the water, clinging to a line tied to ML 346's stern. 1742: 618: 2255: 1609:

show that the tactics would have worked, Montgomery countered that if the raid did not take Dieppe it would be seen as a failure. An initial heavy bombardment from the air was approved (despite concerns about civilian casualties) then rescinded due to army opinion that wreckage would block streets for the tanks and RAF belief that most of the bombs would end up in the sea or inland. Mountbatten pressed for the firepower of a battleship for bombardment in lieu of bombing but neither this nor cruisers was permitted. Equally, Combined Operations' proposed assault force of marines and commandos was passed over in favour of untried Canadian troops.

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the cliffs and Roberts ordered the Royal Marines to land in order to support them. Not being prepared to support the Fusiliers, the Royal Marines had to transfer from their gunboats and motorboat transports onto landing craft. The Royal Marine landing craft were heavily engaged on their way in with many destroyed or disabled. Those Royal Marines that did reach the shore were either killed or captured. As he became aware of the situation the Royal Marine commanding officer Lieutenant Colonel Phillipps, stood upon the stern of his landing craft and signalled for the rest of his men to turn back. He was killed a few moments later.

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with a view to the invasion of France; the chiefs of staff directive limited Mountbatten's authority to approving only small raids, through using special service troops. He held a dual role as adviser to the chiefs of staff and commodore combined operations, handling the administration of both small raids and larger operations. In 1942 Mountbatten was raised by Churchill as a full member of meetings of the chiefs of staff with acting rank of vice-admiral, air marshal and lieutenant general. In May 1942 it was agreed that Combined Operations HQ would handle detailed planning of the Dieppe raid.

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hands of prisoners taken on raids and the practice had been ordered for the Dieppe Raid "to prevent destruction of their documents". Roberts objected to this with the chief of combined operations. After capturing the orders for Operation Jubilee, the Germans threatened on 2 September to shackle the prisoners taken at Dieppe. The War Office announced that if an order existed it would be rescinded and the Germans withdrew the threat on 3 September. On 7 October the Germans revived the controversy after more information emerged about the Dieppe operation and that German prisoners taken during

352: 263: 227: 420: 199: 160: 2596:, they contacted the HQ ship then, having flown a sortie, passed information to the HQ ship before returning to Gatwick and phoning report to the air commander. Reconnaissance sorties were stopped after 12:00 Although taken by surprise, the German fighters soon began to attack the air umbrella. The RAF was moderately successful in protecting the ground and sea forces from aerial bombing but were hampered by operating far from their home bases. Spitfires were at the limit of their range, with some only being able to spend five minutes over the combat area. 173: 403: 10034: 363: 299: 287: 275: 251: 211: 3206: 10077: 147: 2423:, a radar specialist, was attached to the South Saskatchewan Regiment landing at Green Beach. He was to attempt to enter the radar station and learn its secrets, accompanied by a small unit of 11 men of the Saskatchewans as bodyguards. Nissenthall volunteered for the mission fully aware that, due to the highly sensitive nature of his knowledge of Allied radar technology, his Saskatchewan bodyguard unit was under orders to kill him to prevent him from being captured. He also carried a 186: 2785: 2400:, who had landed beside them, were unable to reach their target. While the Camerons did manage to penetrate further inland than any other troops that day, they were also soon forced back as German reinforcements rushed to the scene. Both battalions suffered more losses as they withdrew; only 341 men were able to reach the landing craft and embark, and the rest were left to surrender. For his part in the battle, Lieutenant Colonel Merritt was awarded the Victoria Cross. 3011:, wrote an article for the prestigious Royal United Services Institution arguing the opposite case in 1964. Roskill's article relied on German documentary evidence to show that any warnings of an Allied raid on Dieppe were purely coincidental. In his 2023 study of the battle from the German point of view, James Shelley concluded that there was no evidence to support the view that the Germans had any specific intelligence that a raid was planned against Dieppe. 2748:

hard-pressed under the deplorable conditions brought about by their superiors. The commanders who planned the raid on Dieppe had not envisaged such losses. This was one of the first attempts by the Western Allies on a German-held port city. As a consequence, planning from the highest ranks in preparation for the raid was minimal. Basic strategic and tactical errors were made which resulted in a higher than expected Allied (particularly Canadian) death rate.

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Germans had manned their defensive positions in preparation for the landings. The well-fortified German forces held the Canadian forces that did land on the beach. As soon as they reached the shore, the Canadians found themselves pinned against the seawall, unable to advance. With a German bunker placed to sweep along the back of the seawall, the Royal Regiment of Canada was annihilated. Of the 556 men in the regiment, 200 were killed and 264 captured.

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alert was given to the Navy command who did not believe the warning, but when the ships started to head to shore a further warning was given at 04:35. Troops along the coast had heard gun fire out to sea and some units went to alert. It was 05:05 before German orders came from Le Havre for artillery to open fire. Within an hour the extent of the attack was being understood by German command and reserves were notified to prepare to move to the coast.

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commander in the West, Rundstedt was adamant that the Germans must learn Dieppe's lessons. He was anxious that the Germans were not left behind in learning from Dieppe: "Just as we have gained the most valuable experience from the day of Dieppe, the enemy has learnt as well. Just as we evaluate the experience for the future, so will the enemy. Perhaps he will do this to an even greater extent because he has paid so dearly for it".

1722: 2482:. Only 15 of the tanks made it up to and across the seawall. Once they crossed the seawall, they were confronted by a series of tank obstacles that prevented their entry into the town. Blocked from going further, they were forced to return to the beach where they provided fire support for the now retreating infantry. None of the tanks managed to return to England. All the crews that landed were either killed or captured. 625: 1907:, with troops for Rutter on board, were hit but the bombs failed to explode and passed through their hulls, causing only four casualties. German photographic reconnaissance was much more difficult, because adequate results required the aircraft to fly a set course and height. Repeat sorties once or twice a week were ideal for comparative analysis of photographs but the 2226:(Green Beach) by the South Saskatchewan Regiment and the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada, Puys (Blue Beach) by the Royal Regiment of Canada, and Berneval (Yellow Beach) by No. 3 Commando. On their way in, the landing craft and escorts heading towards Puys and Berneval ran into and exchanged fire with a small German convoy at 03:48. The Allied destroyers 2070:

underestimation of the German strength and of the terrain. The outline plan for the abortive Operation Rutter (which became the basis for Operation Jubilee) stated that "intelligence reports indicate that Dieppe is not heavily defended and that the beaches in the vicinity are suitable for landing infantry, and armoured fighting vehicles at some".

5172:]. Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (Germany and the Second World War). Vol. VI. Translated by Osers, Ewald; Brownjohn, John; Crampton, Patricia; Willmot, Louise (eng. trans. Cambridge University Press, London ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt for the Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamt. pp. 439–442. 1580:, but that Dieppe could be remounted (with the new code-name "Jubilee") within a month, provided extraordinary steps were taken to ensure secrecy. For this reason, no records were kept but, after the Canadian authorities and the Chiefs of Staff had given their approval, I personally went through the plans with the 2821:

died in Dieppe, at least 10 more must have been spared in Normandy in 1944." In direct response to the raid on Dieppe, Churchill remarked that "My Impression of 'Jubilee' is that the results fully justified the heavy cost" and that it "was a Canadian contribution of the greatest significance to final victory."

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No. 30 Commando was formed, as the Special Intelligence Unit, in September 1942 (a month after the raid), composed of 33 (Royal Marines) Troop, 34 (Army) Troop, 35 (RAF) Troop and 36 (Royal Navy) Troop. It was later renamed 30 RN Commando (Special Engineering Unit). Later research identified the unit

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The German convoy that bumped into the Allied ships failed to get messages to shore due to damage to their radio aerials in the fire fight; however, the operator of the long range Freya 28 (Radar) at Pourville correctly identified five columns of stationary ships at 03:45 at a range of 35 km. An

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First-hand accounts and memoirs of many Canadian veterans who documented their experiences on the shores of Dieppe remark about the preparedness of the German defences as if they were warned, on touching down on the Dieppe shore, the landing ships were immediately shelled with the utmost precision as

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sites. Nine of the twelve Bostons were damaged, two crashed on landing and one Blenheim smoke-layer from 614 Squadron was damaged and the pilot wounded, the aircraft crashing on landing and bursting into flames. Just before 08:00 two squadrons of cannon-armed Hurricanes were ordered to attack E-boats

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of the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry recalled a scene of absolute carnage and confusion, with soldiers being cut down by German fire all along the sea wall while his commanding officer, Colonel Bob Labatt, desperately tried to use a broken radio to contact General Roberts while ignoring his men. When

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Preparing the ground for the main landings, four destroyers were bombarding the coast as landing craft approached. At 05:15, they were joined by five RAF Hurricane squadrons who bombed the coastal defences and set a smokescreen to protect the assault troops. Between 03:30, and 03:40, 30 minutes after

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at Blancmesnil-Sainte-Marguerite near Varengeville. Landing on the right flank in force at 04:50, they climbed the steep slope and attacked and neutralised their target, the artillery battery of six 150 mm guns. This was the only success of Operation Jubilee. The commando then withdrew at 07:30

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Mk IIs used by the British and Canadian pilots and losses over France increased. The RAF was convinced it was winning the air war, believing that the loss of 259 Spitfires over France in the first six months of 1942 were justified by the reported destruction of 197 German aircraft in the same period.

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oversaw a propaganda campaign which sought to highlight the raid's failure as a sign of German strength and also to reassure the German domestic population that they need not worry about an attack in the West while most German forces were committed in the East. The propaganda value of German news on

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for engineers to perform tasks protected by armour. Because the tracks of most of the Churchill tanks were caught up in the shingle beach, the Allies began to study beach geology where they intended to land and adapting vehicles for them. The Allies changed their view that capturing a major port was

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was pleased with how it had performed during the air battle. One report judged the Fw 190, which formed the bulk of the air defence, to be 'in every way suitable as a fighter-bomber'. It ascribed its good performance despite its marked numerical superiority to the "aggressiveness and better training

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batteries between 05:09 and 05:44 with a hundred and fifty 100 lb (45 kg) smoke bombs at 50–70 ft (15–21 m), flying through a storm of anti-aircraft fire. A smoke screen 800–1,000 yd (730–910 m) drifted 4–5 mi (6.4–8.0 km) seawards, thickened by the smoke of a

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engagements, Fighter Command had established a measure of air superiority within range of its fighters. Day incursions into British airspace had dwindled to the occasional pair of German fighter bombers racing across the Channel, dropping their bombs and racing back. At 06:15 on 7 July, two ships in

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was chosen for the operation and given three months' specialist training in amphibious operations up to July. The Canadians assembled at embarkation ports and went aboard their ships, where the target was revealed. German aircraft spotting and bombing the assembled ships and inclement weather forced

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for his efforts during the raid. Hart maintained what became the sole line of radio communications between the men ashore and the commanders out at sea. He is credited with saving the lives of 100 men through his signals work, being able to order their retreat. Hart later became the longest-serving

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suffered 48 aircraft losses, 28 bombers, half of them Dornier Do 217s from KG 2; JG 2 lost 14 Fw 190s and eight pilots killed, JG 26 lost six Fw 190s with their pilots. The RAF lost 91 aircraft shot down and 64 pilots; 47 killed and 17 taken prisoner, the RCAF lost 14 aircraft and nine pilots and 2

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of France wrote a letter of congratulation to the German Army for "cleansing French soil of the invader" of this "most recent British aggression". Pétain suggested that French troops be allowed to serve with German coastal garrisons; this suggestion was not viewed with enthusiasm by the German Army

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in 26 landing craft sailed towards their beach. They were heavily engaged by the Germans, who hit them with heavy machine gun, mortar and grenade fire, and destroyed them; only a few men managed to reach the town. Those men were then sent in towards the centre of Dieppe and became pinned down under

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to bombard German defences overlooking the beaches; parachute and glider troops would silence German heavy artillery commanding the approaches to the port. The main force of infantry and tanks would land and advance through the port to the outskirts and dig in to resist counter-attacks until it was

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to assist with Ultra decryption operations. According to O'Keefe the presence of other troops landing at Dieppe was to provide support and create a distraction for the commando units ordered to reach the German admiralty headquarters and capture the Enigma machine; they were a cover for the Enigma

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for an RAF loss of 106 aircraft, 88 fighters (including 44 Spitfires), 10 reconnaissance aircraft and eight bombers; 14 other RAF aircraft were struck off charge from other causes such as accidents. Other sources suggest that up to 28 bombers were lost and that the figure for destroyed and damaged

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While the Canadian contingent fought boldly in the face of a determined enemy, it was ultimately circumstances outside their control which sealed their fate. Despite criticism concerning the inexperience of the Canadian brigades, scholars have noted that even seasoned professionals would have been

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COHQ proposed flanking landings that would take Dieppe in a pincer movement, but Home Forces argued for a frontal attack as, within the 15-hour window of the raid, the flank attacks would not have enough time to achieve success. At meetings Mountbatten argued that it was sufficient for the raid to

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Civilians were handed leaflets by the Canadians telling them it was only a raid and not to get involved; despite this a small number of civilians provided help to the wounded and later passed clothing and food to Canadian prisoners. Civilians also volunteered to help collect and bury the Canadian

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as a secret document. Southam tried to bury it under the pebbles at the time of his surrender but was spotted and the plan retrieved by the Germans. The plan, later criticised for its size and needless complexity, contained orders to shackle prisoners. The British Special Service Brigade tied the

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The losses at Dieppe were claimed to be a necessary evil. Mountbatten later justified the raid by arguing that lessons learnt at Dieppe in 1942 were put to good use later in the war. He later claimed, "I have no doubt that the Battle of Normandy was won on the beaches of Dieppe. For every man who

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The Germans were pleased with their successful defence whilst noting faults in their own communications, transport and location of support forces but recognised that the Allies were certain to learn some lessons from the operation and set about improving the fixed defences. As the overall theatre

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and an artillery detachment were tasked to neutralise machine gun and artillery batteries protecting this Dieppe beach. They were delayed by 20 minutes and the smoke screens that should have hidden their assault had already lifted. The advantages of surprise and darkness were thus lost, while the

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Intelligence on the area was sparse: there were dug-in German gun positions on the cliffs, but these had not been detected or spotted by air reconnaissance photographers. The planners had assessed the beach gradient and its suitability for tanks only by scanning holiday snapshots, which led to an

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recommended calling off the attack altogether, and the idea would probably have been shelved had it not been for Mountbatten's proposal to relaunch the operation six weeks later, still aiming at Dieppe. His argument was that although the enemy must have found out that Dieppe had been the original

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who as director of combined operations had fallen out with the chiefs of staff and Churchill), later to be promoted to the post of chief of combined operations on 4 March 1942. Churchill personally briefed Mountbatten that he wanted raids of increasing intensity, developing equipment and training

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comprised the Infantry Regiments 570, 571 and 572, each of two battalions, the 302nd Artillery Regiment, the 302nd Reconnaissance Battalion, the 302nd Anti-tank Battalion, the 302nd Engineer Battalion and 302nd Signal Battalion. They were deployed along the beaches of Dieppe and the neighbouring

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on 13 and 23 June; the second due to the debacle that the first rehearsal had turned into. However, bad weather delayed the operation by three weeks and two vessels that were to be used had been put out of action by bombs. This made the chiefs of staff uneasy thinking that the Germans would have

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described 'Enigma Pinch' as "more a reflection of the contemporary fascination with secret intelligence rather than the reality of 1942." Obtaining useful intelligence was among the objectives – including the capture of a four-rotor Enigma cipher machine but it was one of many objectives. Grove

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Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt wrote an assessment which concluded that paratroops were to be expected, as well as a large Allied fighter and bomber force. Rundstedt wrote that "at the point of landing, the enemy will win command of the air. He will then use the bulk of his air forces against

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produced a "Memorandum Regarding Experiences in Coastal Defence", which was provoked in large part by Dieppe. This document provided a framework for German commanders to plan coastal defence in the future. It laid down, amongst other principles, that air superiority was the key to a successful

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Marcel Lambert of the 14th Army Tank Regiment (The Calgary Regiment (Tank)), fought aggressively in the battle and was captured. He, along with all the participants in the raid, was awarded a "certificate" from the Government of France. In the 1980s the Government of Canada issued to all raid

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crossword (also written by Dawe) and after another investigation by MI5, it was concluded that it was another coincidence. Further to this, a former student identified that Dawe frequently requested words from his students, many of whom were children in the same area as US military personnel.

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To others, especially Canadians, it was a major disaster. The exception was the success gained by the battle-hardened British commandos against the coast artillery batteries near Varengeville. Of the nearly 5,000 Canadian soldiers, more than 900 were killed (about 18 per cent) and 1,874 taken

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The belief that the Germans were forewarned has been strengthened by accounts of German and Allied POWs. Major C. E. Page, while interrogating a German soldier, found out that four machine-gun battalions were brought in "specifically" in anticipation of a raid. There are numerous accounts of

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started. Their infantry was meant to be supported by Churchill tanks of the 14th Army Tank Regiment landing at the same time, but the tanks arrived on the beach late. As a result, the two infantry battalions had to attack without armour support. They were met with heavy machine-gun fire from

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to pinpoint the origin of the signals. The intention was to reduce the time to pass decryptions of material from German radar, observer posts and fighter control to 11 Group through "the most expert officer in Y on German Fighter Defence and its ramifications". The Fighter Controllers on the

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could not understand why the Pourville landings were not reinforced with tanks where they might have succeeded in leaving the beach. The Germans were unimpressed by the Churchill tanks left behind; the armament and armour were compared unfavourably with that used in German and Soviet tanks.

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The capture of a copy of the Dieppe plan allowed the Germans to analyse the operation. Rundstedt criticised the plan's rigidity, saying that "the plan is in German terms not a plan, it is more a position paper or the intended course of an exercise." Other senior German officers were equally

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I thought it most important that a large-scale operation should take place this summer, and military opinion seemed unanimous that until an operation on that scale was undertaken, no responsible general would take the responsibility of planning the main invasion ...In discussion with

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The port was to be captured and held for a short period, to test the feasibility of a landing and to gather intelligence. German coastal defences, port structures and important buildings were to be demolished. The raid was intended to boost Allied morale, demonstrate the commitment of the

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were alleged to have been tied. On 8 October British and Canadian prisoners were tied in reprisal, which led to counter reprisals. Supposed violations of the Geneva Convention committed by Allied commandos against German POWs at Dieppe and Sark was one of the reasons Hitler gave for the

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The Dieppe landings were planned on six beaches: four in front of the town itself, and two to the eastern and western flanks respectively. From east to west, the beaches were codenamed Yellow, Blue, Red, White, Green and Orange. No. 3 Commando would land on Yellow beach, the

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Despite his shortcomings, Mountbatten played an important role in the planning of the whole operation. The Dieppe raid was intended as an experiment and was initially planned to take place at the end of June 1942. Preparations were in full swing with two rehearsals taking place in

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operations against German road transport and any tanks that appeared. For speed the crews were briefed in advance and were to have a final briefing at their airfield dispersals just before take-off. The operation was cancelled after two assault ships were bombed by the

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While the RAF were generally able to keep German aircraft from the land battle and the ships, the operation demonstrated the need for air superiority as well as showing "major deficiencies in RAF ground support techniques" and this led to the creation of an integrated

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1 combined to drive off the German boats but the group was dispersed, with some losses. The commandos from six craft who did land on Yellow I were beaten back and, unable to safely retreat or join the main force, had to surrender. Only 18 commandos (commanded by Major

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Group lost six bombers. Leigh-Mallory considered the losses "remarkably light in view of the number of Squadrons taking part and the intensity of the fighting" noting that the tactical reconnaissance suffered heaviest with about two casualties per squadron. The

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that the British were showing interest in the area. They had also detected increased radio traffic and landing craft being concentrated in the southern British coastal ports. Dieppe and the flanking cliffs were well defended; the 1,500-strong garrison from the

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landings. Artificial harbours were declared crucial, tanks were adapted specifically for beaches, a new integrated tactical air force strengthened ground support, and capturing a major port at the outset was no longer seen as a priority. Churchill and

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had been broadcasting warnings to French civilians of a "likely" action, urging them to quickly evacuate the Atlantic coastal districts. Indeed, on the day of the raid itself, the BBC announced it, albeit at 08:00, after the landings had taken place.

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in Hampshire to lay smoke screens to obstruct German gunners on the high ground around Dieppe. No. 226 Squadron, joined by four crews from the other squadrons, began training at Thruxton on smoke munitions, 100 lb (45 kg) smoke bombs and

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considered it "incomprehensible" that a division was expected to overrun a German regiment that was supported by artillery, "...the strength of naval and air forces was entirely insufficient to suppress the defenders during the landings". General

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could manage only one set of pictures a month. A partial reconnaissance was obtained from 28 to 31 July, after Rutter had been cancelled and not again until 24 August, five days after Jubilee. The air plan was to exploit the raid to force the

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and a destroyer. Aerial and naval support was insufficient to enable the ground forces to achieve their objectives. The tanks were trapped on the beach and the infantry was largely prevented from entering the town by obstacles and German fire.

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concludes that the Dieppe Raid was not, as claimed, cover for a 'snatch' and also recognises that the decision to form the Intelligence Assault Units to gather intelligence material was not made until after Operation Jubilee had been ordered.

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and Mountbatten collectively staved off any blame for the outcome, Mountbatten bore the brunt of it. Mountbatten was reluctant to accept the blame and shifted it to peripheral reasons by passing apologetic and sometimes insensitive remarks.

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gradually losing the war of attrition in the skies above France. Copp concluded that "he battle for air superiority was won on many fronts by continuous effort and Aug. 19, 1942, was part of that achievement." The Forward Air Controller,

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could communicate with the raid fighter cover on a shared frequency. The "Close Support" fighters checked in with the headquarters ship as they approached so the Fighter Controller could direct them onto alternative targets as required.

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At the time, the military thought that when the real invasion of Europe began, it would be important to quickly capture a port before the Germans could demolish the facilities or re-capture it by a counter-attack. The extent of the

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Mountbatten was well known for his chivalry and charming abilities; however, he lacked experience in terms of actual warfare. Even before taking up this role, Mountbatten had faced a rough patch at sea captaining the British Navy's

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were "a force without an immediate mission". Without anything else to do, the day fighters of RAF Fighter Command were in the spring of 1941 deployed on a series of search-and-destroy missions of flying over France to engage the

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the raid was enhanced by British foot-dragging, Allied media being forced to carry announcements from German sources. These attempts were made to rally the morale of the German people despite the growing intensity of the Allied

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On the night of 18/19 August, RAF Coastal Command carried out anti-surface vessel patrols of the coast from Boulogne to Cherbourg; after sunrise the patrols were carried out by fighters. The Allied fleet left the south coast of

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The naval engagement between the small German convoy and the craft carrying No. 3 Commando had alerted the German defenders at Blue beach. The landing near Puys by the Royal Regiment of Canada plus three platoons from the

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Allied dead were initially buried in a mass grave but at the insistence of the German Army Graves Commission the bodies were reburied at a site used by a British hospital in 1939 in Vertus Wood on the edge of the town. The

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as planned. Most of No. 4 safely returned to England. This portion of the raid was considered a model for future amphibious Royal Marine Commando assaults as part of major landing operations. Lord Lovat was awarded the

5288: 1325:. 5,000 were Canadians, who suffered a 68% casualty rate, with 3,367 killed, wounded or taken prisoner. The operation was a fiasco in which only one landing force temporarily achieved its objective, and a small amount of 1434:

German fighter pilots declined to engage in combat over the French coast and instead operated inland, forcing the British Spitfires to fly deeper into France, using up their fuel, placing them at a disadvantage when the

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both claimed that these lessons had outweighed the cost. The Germans also believed that Dieppe was a learning experience and made a considerable effort to improve the way they defended the occupied coastlines of Europe.

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attacked German coastal artillery in the twilight which led to the results not being observed. Soon afterwards 14 Bostons flew to Dieppe to drop smoke bombs around the German guns on the eastern heights, bombing the

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Of the nearly 5,000-strong Canadian contingent, 3,367 were killed, wounded or taken prisoner, an exceptional casualty rate of 68 per cent. The 1,000 British Commandos lost 247 men. The Royal Navy lost the destroyer

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Despite the failure of the operation, Major General Roberts was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. Among the enlisted personnel, Private William A. Haggard of the South Saskatchewan Regiment was awarded the

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were provided for long-range reconnaissance and a contingent of five bomber squadrons were to participate for smoke laying and tactical bombing. The landings could be expected to prompt a maximum effort by the

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bogged down on the shingle beach. The nearer Churchill tank has a flame thrower mounted in the hull, and the rear tank has lost a track. Both have attachments to heighten their exhausts for wading through the

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Mountbatten had been posted early to the ship, which was not expected to be back in service until November, so he could tour the states meeting influential members of press, military and the administration

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in an area he believed vulnerable to attacks by German aircraft. Mountbatten asked Pound to send a battleship in to provide fire support for the Dieppe raid but Pound was mindful that Japanese aircraft had

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Three Victoria Crosses were awarded for the operation: one to Captain Patrick Porteous, Royal Regiment of Artillery attached to No. 4 Commando, in the British forces; and two to Canadians – the Reverend

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in which the Dieppe raid was described as a military joke, noting the amount of time needed to plan such an attack, combined with the losses suffered by the Allies, pointed only to incompetence. German

5442:. A Canadian historian covers the actions of each one of the 29 tanks disembarked on the raid with photos, oral history and primary sources. The author later did his doctoral dissertation on the raid. 2817:

The Germans suffered 591 casualties, 322 fatal and 280 wounded, 48 aircraft and one patrol boat. Of the 50 US Army Rangers serving in Commando units, six were killed, seven wounded and four captured.

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Six squadrons (four British, two Canadian) flew the Spitfire Mk IX, the only British fighter equal to the Fw 190, on its operational debut at Dieppe. During the battle, Fighter Command flew 2,500

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Leigh-Mallory reported losses of 70 pilots and 10 crew killed or missing; aircraft destroyed as 88 fighters, 10 Army Cooperation aircraft, one from 2 Group and seven of the smoke laying aircraft.

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interrogated German prisoners, German captors and French citizens who all conveyed to Canadians that the Germans had been preparing for the landing for weeks. Captain Stephen Roskill, Britain's

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made a maximum effort against the landing as the RAF had expected, and the RAF lost 106 aircraft (at least 32 to anti-aircraft fire or accidents) against 48 German losses. The Royal Navy lost 33

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One of the objectives of the Dieppe Raid was to discover the importance and performance of a German radar station on the cliff-top to the east of the town of Pourville. To achieve this, RAF

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flows through the town and into a medium-sized harbour. In 1942, the Germans had demolished some seafront buildings to aid in coastal defence and had set up two large artillery batteries at

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at the rear. The defenders were stationed in the towns and in intervening open areas and highlands that overlooked the beaches. Elements of the 571st Infantry Regiment defended the Dieppe

5726:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945. Vol. II (online scan ed.). Wellington, New Zealand: Historical Publications Branch. pp. 333–358. 3129:, found new evidence to support O'Keefe's conclusion that Dieppe was a cover for a pinch on naval headquarters. A British unit was created made up of anti-Nazi Germans who had fled the 668: 1682:

could be after a Channel crossing and how a surprise element could be achieved was also in doubt. Rutter was devised to provide the experience that would be needed later in the war.

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near Berneval. The battery could fire upon the landing at Dieppe 4 mi (6.4 km) to the west. The three 170 mm (6.7 in) and four 105 mm (4.1 in) guns of

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in combat. In the second half of 1941, the aerial offensive over France was greatly stepped up, leading to the loss of 411 British and Canadian aircraft. In the spring of 1942, the

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fallen, including the 475 washed ashore. Hitler decided to reward the town for not helping in the raid by freeing French POWs from Dieppe and Berlin radio announced the release of

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near Pourville and the artillery battery over the Scie river at Varengeville. To the east, the Infantry Regiment 570 was deployed near the artillery battery at Berneval-le-Grand.

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O'Keefe alternately states they were sent in as part of 40 Commando but 30 Commando/30AU was not formed until a month later and indications that it was involved may be erroneous

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and nothing came of it. The letter was given much publicity in Germany and France as a sign of how the French people allegedly appreciated Germany's efforts to defend them from

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necessary to establish a second front; the damage inflicted on a port to capture it and by the Germans firing demolition charges would make it useless afterwards. Prefabricated

1928:

Fighter Command was to command the air effort, for which 56 fighter squadrons, comprising Spitfire fighters, Hurricane fighter-bombers and Typhoon low-level interceptors. Four

3250:, although in the instance of Foote, he deliberately abandoned his landing craft and chose to be captured so that he could minister to his fellow Canadians who were now POWs. 3003:

troops disembarked. Commanding officer Lt Colonel Labatt testified to having seen markers on the beach used for mortar practice, which appeared to have been recently placed.

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of Dieppe" imprisoned since 1940. For the town residents' "perfect discipline and calm", although the residents had not had much time to furnish the invaders with an instant

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towns, covering all the likely landing places. The city and port were protected by heavy artillery on the main approach (particularly in the myriad cliff caves) and with a

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engaged, and, critically, if RAF pilots had to bail out they would be in enemy occupied territory, i.e. RAF Fighter command was now operating with all the disadvantages the

1954:

to Sector control rooms and from there to the airfields. An RAF officer from Hut 3 at Bletchley Park was seconded to the 11 Group Operations Room to filter material to the

10122: 6047: 3040:"; the raid on Dieppe took place the next day, on 19 August. The War Office suspected that the crossword had been used to pass intelligence to the Germans and called upon 10152: 8605: 8350: 7958: 2599:

As more German aircraft appeared, the number of British aircraft over Dieppe was increased from three to six squadrons and at times up to nine squadrons were present.

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noticed the engagement, but their commanders incorrectly assumed that the landing craft had come under fire from the shore batteries and did not come to their rescue.

633: 2588:, escorted by four squadrons of USAAF Spitfire IXs at 10:30 putting it out of action for "two vital hours". After the attack, a wing of Typhoons made a feint towards 9956: 7974: 2936: 2907:

that the RAF sought. For the rest of 1942, the output of fighters by the United States, Britain, and Canada, combined with better Allied pilot training, led to the

1999:

The moving of squadrons within 11 Group and reinforcement with 15 squadrons from outside 11 Group were carried out 14–15 August under the guise of "Exercise Venom".

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U.S. Army Ranger Corporal Frank Koons became the first American soldier in the Second World War to receive a British award for bravery in action, a Military Medal.

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had consumed all its 20mm cannon ammunition available in the West, so much so that there was not enough for routine flight operations in the next couple of days.

2052:. On 14 August, 2 Group was notified that the raid on Dieppe was back on as Operation Jubilee. The move to RAF Ford was retained but 226 Squadron was to fly from 7897: 7869: 7013: 6063: 6040: 2618:

reaction increased. RAF Kingsdown was not informed about developments and failed to identify German fighter reinforcements arriving from all over France and the

2041:, with its long range Bostons, was to stand by at its base for Operation Rutter. From 4 July, aircraft were to be maintained at thirty minutes readiness to fly 9935: 8614: 8301: 7435: 661: 4577: 2501:

Unaware of the situation on the beaches because of a smoke screen laid by the supporting destroyers, Major General Roberts sent in the two reserve units: the

8917: 8280: 7589: 7214: 2847: 1451:, the British knew that if any Allied force attempted to seize a port in France, the Germans would assume it to be the beginning of an invasion and thus the 1641:

found out about the attack by then as the plan was no longer a secret to the more than 10,000 Allied troops who had been informed of it. On 8 July, General

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The Mustangs reconnoitred outside the main area looking for reinforcements on the roads to Dieppe and from Amiens, Rouen, Yvetot and Le Havre. Flying from

1564:, for later that year. In the interim, a large-scale Canadian-led raid on the French coast was intended to take some of the pressure off the Soviet Union. 5677:(1956) . "Chapter X: Tasks and Operations 1941–1942; Chapter XI: The Raid on Dieppe 19 August 1942; Chapter XII: Dieppe: Losses, Comments and Aftermath". 8387: 7883: 7499: 2412:

Landing craft on fire, Canadian dead in the foreground. A concrete gun emplacement on the right covers the beach; the steep gradient can clearly be seen.

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Mountbatten's hubristic approach convinced the generals to go ahead with the plan, which ultimately turned out to be catastrophic. Although Churchill,

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and as a morale booster for the British public, among whom were vociferous supporters of a second front to give tangible support to the Red Army.

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After less than six hours, mounting casualties forced a retreat. Within ten hours, 3,623 of the 6,086 men who landed had been killed, wounded, or

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had been so active during the battle that only 70 of the 230 airframes available at the start of the day were combat ready by day's end. The

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The initial landings began at 04:50 on 19 August, with attacks on the artillery batteries on the flanks of the main landing area. These were

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himself repeatedly demanded that the Allies create a second front in France to force the Germans to move at least 40 divisions away from the

617: 8336: 4226: 2634:, had no time to prepare and missed important information. Despite the failures of control and intelligence, the air umbrella prevented the 10127: 8714: 8570: 8554: 8526: 7774: 6981: 5982: 3094: 2397: 3226:

in 1944, the grave markers were replaced with standard CWGC headstones but the layout was left unchanged to avoid disturbing the remains.

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for their part in shooting down two German aircraft and one officer of the battalion was killed while ashore with a brigade headquarters.

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Porteous was severely wounded in the battle but was evacuated at the end of the battle; both Foote and Merritt were captured and became

8443: 7175: 2986: 2776: 2408: 2366: 2109: 1360: 465: 4477: 9949: 8577: 6967: 6925: 2521:, commanded by Lieutenant F. J. Reynolds, was attached to the landing force but stayed offshore after the tanks on board (code-named 4584:

Lecture to the Laurier Centre for Military Strategic and Disarmament Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, 13 October 2011.

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in France was back to full strength within days of the raid. Copp wrote that Dieppe failed to inflict the knockout blow against the

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defences on the ground… The enemy – in order to achieve an attack en masse – will use all the aircraft he has, even slower types".

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operation against the landing overwhelmed the reporting system and the war room at 11 Group HQ was overwhelmed with reports as the

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Roskill, S. W. (February 1964). "The Dieppe Raid and the Question of German Foreknowledge: A Study in Historical Responsibility".

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over Dieppe. The plan to centralise information gleaned from German radar, W/T and R/T and other transmissions failed because the

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while it was under repair in the US in 1941 and instated as adviser on combined operations of the British Army (replacing Admiral

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Rahn, W. "Chapter III: The Conduct of the War in the Atlantic and the Coastal Area (3.) Mine Warfare and Coastal Operations". In

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target, "the very last thing they'd (Germans) ever imagine is that we would be so stupid as to lay on the same operation again".

1278:, predominantly Canadian, supported by a regiment of tanks, were put ashore from a naval force operating under the protection of 5950: 5125: 3591: 2485: 2151:(JG26), with about 120 serviceable fighters, mostly Fw 190s to oppose the landings and escort around 100 serviceable bombers of 92: 8896: 8408: 7258: 6796: 4837: 3111: 2288:

The craft carrying No. 3 Commando, approaching the coast to the east, were not warned of the approach of a German coastal

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The Royal Navy supplied 237 ships and landing craft. However, pre-landing naval gunfire support was limited, consisting of six

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the tanks eventually arrived only 29 were landed. Two of those sank in deep water, and 12 more became bogged down in the soft

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in the 1960s – remarked, "but his birth saved him from the court martial any other officer would have faced".

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Both sides learnt important lessons regarding coastal assaults. The Allies learnt lessons that influenced the success of the

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O'Keefe, David. "One Day In August : The Untold Story Behind Canada's Tragedy At Dieppe", Alfred A Knopf Canada, 2013,

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Shelley, James (2021). "The Germans and Air Power at Dieppe: The Raid and its Lessons from the 'Other Side of the Hill'".

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officer in the Canadian Armed Forces, serving in active and honorary roles for 81 years. He died in March 2019, aged 101.

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dug into the overlooking cliffs. Unable to clear the obstacles and scale the seawall, they suffered heavy losses. Captain

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The Germans were aware that the Allies might launch a large-scale amphibious operation some time in summer 1942. In July,

2061:, carried in the bomb bays of some of the Bostons, which were to take off before dawn and operate without fighter escort. 9640: 9104: 8436: 8422: 7635: 6341: 3363: 2277:

and No. 3 Commando was to conduct two landings 8 mi (13 km) east of Dieppe to silence the coastal battery

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was to mount a maximum effort. Fighter Command lobbied in early 1942, for a raid to seize a French port to provoke the

1085: 735: 6026: 9965: 8847: 8819: 8636: 8218: 7937: 7904: 6348: 5881: 5813: 5787: 5754: 5711: 5628: 5555: 5516: 5439: 5424: 5410: 5358: 5320: 5299: 5256: 5240: 5225: 5207: 5177: 3856: 3292: 3041: 1755: 1716: 784: 7120: 10002: 9160: 9097: 8232: 8068: 7191: 6292: 6095: 5912:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II (repr. 3rd ed.). London: HMSO. 5108:"Dieppe veteran and the Canadian Army's longest-serving officer David Lloyd Hart was 'a friend and mentor to many'" 3169: 1871:

off Malaya in December 1941. Pound would not risk sending capital ships into waters where the Allies did not have

1364: 215: 7745: 5467:(History of the Polish Air Forces in Great Britain 1940–1945). Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności, 1990. 9526: 9367: 9356: 9192: 8951: 8910: 8803: 8741: 8128: 7398: 7267: 7235: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 1771: 203: 7915: 7483: 4304:

Report by the Air Force Commander on the Combined Operation Against Dieppe – August 19th, 1942, 5 September 1942

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Canadian prisoners being led away through Dieppe after the raid. Credit: Library and Archives Canada / C-014171

1741: 1698: 1498:. One important consideration for the planners was that Dieppe was within range of the RAF's fighter aircraft. 453: 383: 356: 9972: 9905: 9856: 9787: 9612: 9118: 9069: 8833: 8826: 8429: 8190: 7981: 7034: 6698: 2994:

The fiasco has led to a discussion of whether the Germans knew of the raid in advance. Since June 1942, the

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Dieppe became a textbook example of "what not to do" in amphibious operations and laid the framework for the

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On the directive of Winston Churchill, Louis Mountbatten was recalled from captaincy of the aircraft carrier

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headstones have been placed back-to-back in double rows, the norm for a German war cemetery but unusual for

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At 09:40, under heavy fire, the withdrawal from the main landing beaches began and was completed by 14:00.

1933: 1545: 1522: 1299: 1291: 678: 43: 6019: 6014: 6006: 2871:. Pétain's letter was later used as an exhibit for the prosecution at his trial for high treason in 1945. 2198:

clearing paths through the English Channel, followed by the flotilla of eight destroyers and accompanying

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Arthy, Andrew (2021). "Dieppe: The Luftwaffe Perspective: Jagdgeschwader 2 Operations: August 19, 1942".

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in May 1940, the British started on the development of a substantial raiding force under the umbrella of

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A Display of Lights (9): The Lives and Puzzles of the Telegraph's Six Greatest Cryptic Crossword Setters

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it became clear that time did not permit a new large-scale operation to be mounted during the summer

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Royal Air Force Losses of the Second World War: Operational Losses: Aircraft and Crews 1942–1943

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had clearly failed to destroy the Soviet Union. However, the Germans in a much less ambitious

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Keyes was a veteran of First World War amphibious raids including the Gallipoli campaign and

3346: 2571: 2234: 1806: 1798: 1549: 1540:, even more difficult. The British had been engaged with the Italians and the Germans in the 1475: 1326: 1113: 1051: 929: 881: 267: 7671: 5166:

Der globale Krieg: Die Ausweitung zum Weltkrieg und der Wechsel zur Initiative 1941 bis 1943

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a Canadian television miniseries that dramatised the events leading up to Operation Jubilee.

9877: 9732: 9383: 9340: 9310: 9236: 9046: 9025: 7951: 7428: 7106: 6670: 6635: 6474: 6425: 6088: 6074: 6003:– Laurier Centre for Military Strategic and Disarmament Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University 5674: 4474: 3359: 2565: 2502: 2326: 2274: 2227: 2203: 2038: 2026: 1833: 1650: 1594: 1536:, was considered impractical by military planners, and the alternative of landing in 1942, 1514: 1506: 1495: 1448: 1420: 1226: 1121: 955: 837: 752: 742: 546: 5387:. Vol. III. Toronto: University of Toronto Press and Department of National Defence. 1943:

in Northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands, with about 250 fighters and 220 bombers.

8: 9995: 9769: 9647: 9603: 9125: 8259: 8025: 7552: 7382: 7366: 7315: 6710: 6684: 6642: 6593: 6579: 6516: 6509: 6355: 6264: 6228: 6214: 6151: 6081: 5901: 5084: 3486: 3090: 3073:

uncovered 100,000 pages of classified British military archival files that documented a "

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On Green beach at the same time that No. 4 Commando had landed at Orange Beach, the

2022: 1967: 1662:

Operation Rutter was devised to satisfy several objectives, as a show of support for the

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The Hurricanes were a mix of "Cannon-armed" Hurricane IIC and bomb carrying Hurricanes

1472: 9988: 9821: 9746: 9700: 9670: 9578: 9418: 9083: 8967: 8861: 8812: 8750: 8506: 8457: 8266: 7890: 7545: 7343: 6717: 6586: 6551: 6495: 6460: 6418: 6411: 6397: 6383: 6327: 6299: 6278: 6271: 6252: 6240: 6165: 6109: 5808:, History of the Second World War, vol. II (2nd pbk. ed.), pp. 141–158, 5607: 4823: 4697: 4201: 4128: 4108: 4085: 3223: 3053: 2811: 2794: 2765: 2271: 2254: 2191: 2170: 2165: 2159: 2018: 1990: 1856: 1836:

each with four or six 4-inch (102 mm) guns. This was because of the reluctance of

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the initial landings, the main frontal assault by The Essex Scottish Regiment and the

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to the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry and Merritt of the South Saskatchewan Regiment.

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There was also intense pressure from the Soviet government to open a second front in

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The Official History of the Royal Canadian Air Force: The Crucible of War, 1939–1945

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campaign on German cities, and large daily casualties on the Eastern Front. Marshal

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In August, German forces at Dieppe were on high alert, having been warned by French

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Report No. 128: The Lessons of Dieppe and their Influence on the Operation Overlord

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Widening of the Conflict into a World War and the Shift of the Initiative 1941–1943

5075: 4841: 4820:"Warning by radio: Notice of 'likely' war moves given civilians in Nazi-held zone." 4450: 3262:, and subsequently, field promoted to lieutenant, for his actions during the raid. 3247: 3008: 2945: 2806:) and 33 landing craft, suffering 550 dead and wounded. The RAF lost 106 aircraft. 2757: 2557: 2470: 2420: 2351: 2195: 2141: 2114: 1925: 1893: 1840: 1702:

a delay in sailing and on 7 July, Rutter was cancelled and the troops disembarked.

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The Germans and the Dieppe Raid: How Hitler's Wehrmacht Crushed Operation Jubilee

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The Germans and the Dieppe Raid: How Hitler's Wehrmacht Crushed Operation Jubilee

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Leigh-Mallory "Covering Letter by Air Force Commander", After Action Report, p. 2

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The Germans and the Dieppe Raid: How Hitler's Wehrmacht Crushed Operation Jubilee

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The objective of the raid was discussed by Winston Churchill in his war memoirs:

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had to contend with in the Battle of Britain. Thanks to intelligence provided by

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from making many attacks on the landing or the evacuation of the Allied force.

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Oblique aerial photograph of Dieppe taken in June, 1945, showing the Red beach.

1733: 1628: – who was secretary of state for defence when Mountbatten was 1502: 1487: 1287: 962: 747: 702: 646: 605: 445: 378: 373: 362: 298: 286: 274: 250: 152: 5688: 5582: 4997: 2285:

had to be out of action by the time the main force approached the main beach.

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The Dieppe Raid – Saving the lives of 85 Canadians by Polish Destroyer, ORP

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The Dieppe raid also provoked longer-term strategic decisions. In October,

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coming from Boulogne; they were accompanied by two fighter cover squadrons.

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having switched to night bombing in the autumn of 1940, the day fighters of

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launched in June, were deep into southern Soviet territory, pushing toward

1483: 1295: 948: 482: 460: 333: 328: 316: 232: 5290:

The Canadian Battlefields in Northern France: Dieppe and the Channel Ports

4291: 3850: 1367:. This was accompanied by the development of techniques and equipment for 9677: 9663: 8001: 7822: 7807: 7161: 6235: 3434: 3165: 3130: 3078: 2593: 2030: 1794: 1601: 1174: 393: 178: 5642:(2nd pbk. Phoenix (Orion) ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3936: 2784: 1920:

to fight on British terms and suffer a serious defeat; Air Vice-Marshal

1754:

on Blue. The main landings would take place on Red and White beaches by

9032: 8785: 8764: 7657: 6990: 6918: 5670:. Ottawa, Canada: Department of National Defence Canadian Forces, 1944. 3286: 3118: 3082: 2293: 1955: 1904: 1863: 1810: 1690: 914: 691: 408: 5698:– via Government of Canada: Directorate of History and Heritage. 2658: 1946:

Leigh-Mallory controlled the air battle from 11 Group headquarters at

9295: 8700: 8497: 8308: 8106: 8061: 6011:

Official History of the Canadian Army (Vol 1) at Hyperwar Foundation

5953:– Lecture to the Joint Services Command and Staff College, Shrivenham 5013:"Raid on Dieppe masked secret mission to steal Nazis' Enigma machine" 4753:

Operation Basalt the British Raid on Sark and Hitler's Commando Order

4523:, vol. I, no. 5, The South African Military History Society 3085:

novels), as the main purpose of the Dieppe Raid. O'Keefe states that

2933: 2882: 2223: 1667: 1510: 1308: 1221: 476: 7582: 3487:"Breaking German codes real reason for 1942 Dieppe raid: historian." 2626:

party, to decrypt high-speed non-Morse transmissions via the German

1813:. Engineers would use explosives to remove obstacles for the tanks. 1556:

decided to postpone the cross-English Channel invasion and schedule

7566: 7294: 2034: 1637: 1526: 1376: 1275: 919: 6062: 4314: 4312: 2957:

of October 1942 for all Allied commando prisoners to be executed.

2568:

dropped 100 lb (45 kg) phosphorus bombs south of German

2509:. At 07:00, the Fusiliers under the command of Lieutenant Colonel 2308:

5. Subsequently, ML 346 (commanded by Lt. A.D. Fear RNVR DSC) and

1721: 5956: 3984: 3265:

A Canadian signalman, Sergeant David Lloyd Hart, was awarded the

2301: 2187: 2096: 3187:* In memory of Dieppe Dawn 19 August 1942 by classes of 1948–52 3069:

Research undertaken over a 15-year period by military historian

2810:

picked up around 20 pilots at the loss of three of Dover's five

8176: 6774: 5465:

Zarys działań polskiego lotnictwa w Wielkiej Brytanii 1940–1945

4718:

Online Atlas on the History of Humanitarianism and Human Rights

4309: 2603: 2589: 2297: 2289: 1371:. In late 1941, a scheme was put forward for the landing of 12 1267: 351: 262: 165: 3026:

On 17 August 1942, the clue "French port (6)" appeared in the

1778:

would land on Green Beach, and No. 4 Commando on Orange.

8364: 5680:

Six Years of War: The Army in Canada, Britain and the Pacific

4967:, Key Publishing, p. 66 (Box panel, "The Enigma Factor") 3209:

The current grave markers in the Dieppe Canadian War Cemetery

3074: 2879:

Fighter Command claimed to have inflicted many losses on the

2837:

British and Canadian prisoners resting at Dieppe, August 1942

2459:

after the raid. A landing craft is on fire in the background.

2118: 1825: 1333: 5866:

Operation Jubilee. Dieppe, 1942: The Folly and the Sacrifice

3089:

was sent to Dieppe to capture one of the new German 4-rotor

1789:

in their first use in combat, to be delivered using the new

1685:

Rutter was a combined operation, involving heavy bombers of

1532:

The proposed Allied invasion of continental Europe in 1943,

5874:

The Reich Intruders: RAF Light Bomber Raids in World War II

5640:

England's Last War against France: Fighting Vichy 1940–1942

5249:

The Suicide Raid: The Canadians at Dieppe August 19th, 1942

3748: 3715: 2949: 2760:

were to be built and towed to beaches during the invasion.

2731:

Preliminary artillery support, including aerial bombardment

2088: 5202:(2nd Faber Paperbacks ed.). London: Faber and Faber. 4364: 3972: 3784: 3772: 3760: 3724: 3289:

that was highly decorated for his role in the Dieppe Raid.

3093:, plus associated codebooks and rotor setting sheets. The 1478:

of France, is built along a long cliff that overlooks the

4732: 4257: 4029: 3922: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3045: 2995: 2978:

10 million, to repair the damage caused during the raid.

2304:

some of the LCP landing craft and disabled the escorting

5220:. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Tempus Publishing. 2004. 4411: 4409: 4171:"Jack Nissenthall: The VC Hero Who Never Was (Part 1a)." 3018: 10108:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Poland

4646: 4627: 4625: 4289: 3874: 1797:

near the beach, were a mix of types; some armed with a

1694:

time to withdraw and re-embark in their landing craft.

413:

237 ships and landing craft including eight destroyers

7436:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

5432:

Dieppe Through the Lens of the German War photographer

5371:. London: Macmillan (Telegraph Group Limited), 2008. 4963:

Grove, Eric (August 2017), "Dieppe – The Reason Why",

4008: 3811: 3736: 2434:, when being interviewed during research for the book 10065: 5927:

Tragedy at Dieppe: Operation Jubilee, August 19, 1942

5511:(2nd ed.). London: Cassell Military Paperbacks. 4406: 4390: 4388: 3127:

X-Troop: The Secret Jewish Commandos of World War Two

1783:

14th Army Tank Regiment (The Calgary Regiment (Tank))

5876:(1st ed.). Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation. 5747:

Unauthorized Action: Mountbatten and the Dieppe Raid

5492:

London: House of Stratus, 2011, First edition 2008.

5188: 5164:

Boog, H.; Rahn, W.; Stumpf, R.; Wegner, B. (2001) .

5163: 4980:

X troop: the secret Jewish commandos of World War II

4622: 4187:"A battle doomed to fail for all the wrong reasons." 4001: 3999: 3698:"Normandy Landings, Operations Overlord and Neptune" 3050:

A similar crossword coincidence occurred in May 1944

2925:

was attacked and was awarded the DSO for gallantry.

10123:

Battles of World War II involving the United States

5741:– via New Zealand Electronic Text Collection. 5269:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin, 1950. 4527: 4176:(WW2 People's War), 2004. Retrieved: 30 April 2009. 3406:

Mountbatten had served in the Royal Navy since 1916

3222:sites. When the Allies liberated Dieppe as part of 2751:To help future landings, the British would develop 2737:

Proper intelligence concerning enemy fortifications

10153:Amphibious operations involving the United Kingdom 5898:, no. 38045, pp. 3823–28, 12 August 1947 5276:. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier Press, 2004. 5126:"WWII vet, Dieppe hero David Hart dies at age 101" 4385: 4292:"Air Operations at Dieppe: An After-Action Report" 6001:A Look at the Dieppe Raid through Air Photographs 4112:(Supplement). 2 October 1942. pp. 4323–4324. 3996: 3624: 3622: 3052:, prior to D-Day. Multiple terms associated with 2157:and the specialist anti-shipping bombers of III./ 1266:amphibious attack on the German-occupied port of 10089: 5900:Operation Jubilee despatch submitted by Captain 5792: 5565:. Boston: Little, Brown, 1st U.S. edition, 1962. 5509:The Searchers: Radio Intercept in Two World Wars 5251:. Access to History (No. 5). Ottawa: CEF Books. 5074: 4937: 4658: 4318: 3990: 3097:(NID) planned the "pinch" to pass such items to 3056:(including the word "Overlord") appeared in the 2990:Canadian and British dead at Dieppe, August 1942 2740:Avoidance of a frontal attack on a defended port 676: 5099: 4827:, 9 June 1942, p. 1. Retrieved: 20 August 2012. 4247:"Casualty Details: Insinger, Theodor Marie" 2430:After the war, Lord Mountbatten said to author 6064:British Commando raids of the Second World War 5806:The Royal Air Force, 1939–45: The Fight Avails 5782:. Whitby, Ontario: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1993. 4285: 4283: 4281: 3619: 3507: 3505: 2529:) landed. Sergeants Lyster and Pittaway were 2017:, Bomber Command, was ordered to send sixteen 1898:Over the past eighteen months of inconclusive 1624:, where his performance was so below par that 6790: 6048: 5985:– The Canadian Encyclopedia (via archive.org) 5546:Destined to Survive: A Dieppe Veteran's Story 5233:Dieppe Revisited: A Documentary Investigation 4353: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4098: 4096: 3911: 3909: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3550:"First Blood for the Army Rangers at Dieppe.' 3515:. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, 3112:No. 3 Troop of No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando 2939:brought ashore his copy of the assault plan, 1776:the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada 662: 5704:The Second World War: An Illustrated History 5447:Military Intelligence Blunders and Cover-ups 5065:Twice-told Tales of St. Albert's Past, p. 97 4810:(Little Rock), 2008. Retrieved: 7 June 2010. 4192:, 17 August 2012. Retrieved: 5 January 2016. 4026:Leigh-Mallory "After Action Report", ¶ 7, 69 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3569:. India: Simon & Schuster. p. 118. 2908: 2902: 2896: 2889: 2880: 2727:two years later. Dieppe showed the need for 2698: 2692: 2685: 2635: 2627: 2613: 2607: 2569: 2550: 2340: 2134: 2125: 2047: 1938: 1915: 1908: 1727: 1588: 1458: 1452: 1442: 1436: 1429: 1407: 1401: 1387: 1306: 27:World War II battle on north coast of France 6764:List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall 5910:The War at Sea 1939–1945: Period of Balance 5763:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front 4813: 4701:(Supplement). 2 October 1942. p. 4331. 4456:, August 1992. Retrieved: 29 November 2015. 4278: 4132:(Supplement). 2 October 1942. p. 4339. 4089:(Supplement). 2 October 1942. p. 4328. 3502: 2517:During the raid, a mortar platoon from the 2222:(known as Orange Beach) by No. 4 Commando, 6797: 6783: 6055: 6041: 4798:"Mystery of the D-day crosswords, Part 1." 4792: 4790: 4342: 4093: 3963: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3635: 3564: 2403: 1828:returning from the beaches during the raid 1809:, and three Churchills were equipped with 1525:to remove some of the pressure put on the 1486:is on the western end of the town and the 1463:into action with the RAF at an advantage. 669: 655: 10118:Battles of World War II involving Germany 5749:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. 5571:Royal United Services Institution Journal 5543:Poolton, Jack with Jayne Poolton-Turney. 5382: 5200:2 Group RAF: A Complete History 1936–1945 5118: 4845:8 June 1942. Retrieved: 9 September 2010. 4838:"Big Commando Attack Due, England Hints." 4830: 4705: 4505:Leigh Mallory, After Action Report, p. 57 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4339:Leigh-Mallory, After Action Report, p. 67 4275:Leigh-Mallory, After Action Report, p. 65 3978: 3886: 3499:9 August 2012. Retrieved: 13 August 2012. 3469: 3467: 2441: 2398:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada 1428:A major problem for the RAF was that the 223: 10113:Battles of World War II involving Canada 5717: 5246: 4711: 4691: 4569: 4567: 4561:2 June 2011. Retrieved: 19 August 2013. 4556:"What If the Dieppe Raid Had Succeeded?" 4514: 4122: 4102: 4079: 3880: 3481: 3479: 3204: 2985: 2832: 2783: 2775: 2657: 2484: 2450: 2446: 2407: 2365: 2253: 2082: 1820: 1740: 1720: 5924: 5907: 5827:(Hardcover ed.), London: Collins, 5822: 5724:New Zealanders with the Royal Air Force 5618: 5589: 5568: 5503: 5267:The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate 4977: 4958: 4956: 4908: 4881:Poolton and Poolton-Turney 1998, p. 46. 4787: 4593: 4370: 4014: 3828: 3822: 3790: 3778: 3766: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3542: 14: 10158:Amphibious operations involving Canada 10090: 8644: 8622:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 6020:Dieppe: Losses, Comments and Aftermath 5871: 5673: 5623:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 5348: 5308:. Paris: Éditions France-Empire, 1968. 5197: 5152:. London: Book Club Associates, 1980. 5105: 5010: 4913:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 4738: 4712:Turcotte, Jean-Michel (January 2018). 4652: 4598:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 4490: 4427: 4263: 4035: 3863:London: William Heinemann Ltd., 2011. 3592:"Dieppe: a German Learning Experience" 3528: 3526: 3513:"History of 30 Assault Unit 1942–1946" 3464: 3345:fighting with the RAF, as well as the 3254:veterans a "volunteer service medal." 3200: 2981: 2335:and No. 4 Commando (including 50 10138:Amphibious operations of World War II 9493:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 8925:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 8571:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 8527:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 7632:Rape during the occupation of Germany 6778: 6036: 5957:WWII: The Dieppe Raid – Canada at War 5929:. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. 5847: 5720:"Chapter 16 Day Fighters During 1942" 5637: 5419:. London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd., 1981. 4982:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 4962: 4631: 4575:"The German View of the Dieppe Raid." 4564: 3476: 3358:The Czechoslovak forces included the 3229: 2354:No. 4 Commando, was awarded the 2350:for his part in the raid and Captain 1781:Armoured support was provided by the 650: 8615:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 7647:Rape during the liberation of France 5951:Dieppe: a German Learning Experience 5186: 4953: 4744: 4533: 4357:Copp, Terry. "The Air over Dieppe." 3930: 3653: 3646:Copp, Terry. "The Air over Dieppe." 3628:Copp, Terry. "The Air over Dieppe." 2828: 2780:Canadian dead at Dieppe, August 1942 2370:Canadian dead on Blue beach at Puys. 1710: 1676:German fortification of French ports 1416:fighter to its airfields in France. 1350: 10128:World War II British Commando raids 6007:PDF: David Ian Hall The German view 5868:. London 2021. ISBN 978-0241985991. 5825:Mountbatten: The official biography 5383:Greenhous, B.; et al. (1994). 5330:Campaign 127 Oxford: Osprey, 2004 . 5135:. Toronto, ON Canada. 1 April 2019. 5080:"Portrait of Private W. A. Haggard" 4750: 4515:Schoeman, Michael (December 1969), 3589: 3523: 3455: 3437:, former Governor General of Canada 3081:(best known later as author of the 3064: 2928: 2691:of the German fighter pilots". The 2331:The mission for Lieutenant Colonel 2209: 1678:was uncertain and how organised an 1657: 624: 24: 8841:German invasion of the Netherlands 7121:Weather events during World War II 6015:The Raid on Dieppe, 19 August 1942 5841: 5802:"Chapter VIII: The Pressure Grows" 5434:. London: After the Battle, 1993. 4251:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 3220:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2296:" radar stations at 21:30. German 2292:that had been located by British " 2266:wore steel helmets during the raid 1883: 1795:adapted to operate in the shallows 1262:(19 August 1942) was a disastrous 25: 10174: 9472:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 5944: 5353:. Vol. II. London: Midland. 5150:Dieppe 1942: The Jubilee Disaster 3802: 3721:Churchill 1950, pp. 509–510. 3293:Operation Jubilee order of battle 3117:In August 2017, naval historian 2974:, Hitler gave the town a gift of 2874: 2539: 1756:the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry 1717:Operation Jubilee order of battle 1578:(after Rutter had been cancelled) 1560:, the Anglo-American invasion of 1505:. By early 1942, the Wehrmacht's 10075: 10032: 6804: 5995:The Contentious Legacy of Dieppe 5287:Copp, Terry and Mike Bechthold. 5068: 5059: 5032: 5023: 5004: 4971: 4928: 4902: 4893: 4884: 4875: 4866: 4857: 4848: 4290:Leigh-Mallory, Trafford (2003), 3427: 3190: 3170:Royal Military College of Canada 3136: 2202:escorting the landing craft and 2073: 1816: 1785:with 58 of the newly introduced 1365:Combined Operations Headquarters 623: 616: 569:62 killed 30 wounded 17 captured 459: 418: 401: 361: 350: 327: 315: 297: 285: 273: 261: 249: 225: 209: 197: 184: 171: 158: 145: 54: 5818:– via Hyperwar Foundation 5706:. London: Penguin Books, 1976. 5563:Dieppe: The Shame and the Glory 5106:Lowrie, Morgan (1 April 2019). 4778: 4769: 4685: 4676: 4667: 4637: 4613: 4587: 4548: 4539: 4508: 4499: 4487:2012 . Retrieved: 21 July 2012. 4468: 4459: 4443: 4418: 4397: 4376: 4333: 4324: 4269: 4239: 4217: 4195: 4179: 4163: 4154: 4145: 4136: 4116: 4073: 4059: 4050: 4041: 4020: 3954: 3945: 3796: 3690: 3681: 3610: 3583: 3558: 3461:Król 1990, pp. 95–96, 250. 3418: 3409: 3400: 3388: 3378: 2455:Canadian wounded and abandoned 2320: 2243: 2064: 1826:Landing Craft Mechanised Mark 1 1772:The South Saskatchewan Regiment 1419:The Fw 190 was superior to the 1270:in northern France, during the 9719:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 7429:Territorial changes of Germany 7337:Indonesian National Revolution 5417:Monty: The Making of a General 5142: 4945:"The Crossword Panic of 1944." 3369: 3352: 3315: 3036:), followed by the solution, " 2383: 2190:during the night, preceded by 2110:302nd Static Infantry Division 2091:medium machine gun emplacement 1699:2nd Canadian Infantry Division 1471:Dieppe, a coastal town in the 13: 1: 9119:Japanese invasion of Thailand 9070:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 8834:German invasion of Luxembourg 7215:Mediterranean and Middle East 5778:Whitaker, Denis and Shelagh. 5550:Toronto: Dundurn Press 1998. 5525:Maguire, Eric. "Evaluation." 5349:Franks, Norman L. R. (1998). 5328:Dieppe 1942: Prelude to D-Day 5306:Un Canadien français à Dieppe 5011:Gumbel, Andrew (9 May 2021). 3925:(World Wars in Depth series), 3565:Tunzelmann, Alex Von (2007). 3444: 3125:Leah Garret in her 2021 book 2771: 2586:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses 2466:Royal Hamilton Light Infantry 2361: 2173:(KG 77) mostly equipped with 2097:Supreme Commander in the West 1974:(R/T) transmissions and used 1803:close support 3-inch howitzer 1548:in June 1942, U.S. President 1345: 434: 10143:August 1942 events in Europe 10133:World War II sites in France 9026:Invasion of the Soviet Union 8715:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 8033:Independent State of Croatia 4475:"RAF History Timeline 1942." 4319:Richards & Saunders 1975 4066:"Dieppe – Operation Jubilee" 3991:Richards & Saunders 1975 3449: 3216:Dieppe Canadian War Cemetery 2960: 2753:specialist armoured vehicles 2643: 2556:burning field of wheat. Six 2124: 1952:through the system as normal 1546:Second Washington Conference 7: 10010:End of World War II in Asia 9850:Western invasion of Germany 9357:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 9334:Second Battle of El Alamein 8904:Hundred Regiments Offensive 8876:Battle of the Mediterranean 8729:Italian invasion of Albania 6903:Air warfare of World War II 5896:London Gazette (Supplement) 5405:. London: Constable, 1970. 5294:Waterloo: WLU Press, 2011. 3678:. Retrieved: 23 March 2016. 3555:. Retrieved: 26 July 2019. 3321:Polish forces included the 3276: 3260:Distinguished Conduct Medal 3095:Naval Intelligence Division 2808:RAF Air Sea Rescue Services 2743:Proper re-embarkation craft 2648: 2584:-Drucat was attacked by 24 2390:South Saskatchewan Regiment 2348:Distinguished Service Order 2059:Smoke Curtain Installations 1878: 1760:the Essex Scottish Regiment 1689:and the heavy ships of the 1552:and British Prime Minister 1361:British Expeditionary Force 565:North American Mustang Mk 1 10: 10179: 9936:Naval bombardment of Japan 9304:First Battle of El Alamein 9223:Battle of Christmas Island 9168:Japanese invasion of Burma 8932:Italian invasion of Greece 8848:German invasion of Belgium 8820:German invasion of Denmark 8793:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 8662:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 6926:Comparative military ranks 5798:Saunders, Hilary St George 5780:Dieppe: Tragedy to Triumph 5274:A Nation at War, 1939–1945 5198:Bowyer, M. J. F. (1979) . 4943:Wallington, Richard S. J. 4236:. Retrieved: 8 April 2010. 4214:. Retrieved: 8 April 2010. 3539:. Retrieved: 26 May 2021. 3184:Robert McCausland Limited 2715:coastal defence strategy. 2662:German soldiers examine a 2337:United States Army Rangers 2324: 2300:escorting a German tanker 2247: 2006: 2002: 1887: 1805:in the hull, some had the 1714: 1705: 1630:chief of the defence staff 1237:Raids on the Atlantic Wall 1232:Strategic Bombing Campaign 10025: 9857:Bratislava–Brno offensive 9797: 9788:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 9525: 9412:Allied invasion of Sicily 9366: 9272:Aleutian Islands campaign 9244:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 9191: 9182:Greek famine of 1941–1944 9077:Second Battle of Changsha 8982:German invasion of Greece 8950: 8827:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 8802: 8740: 8635: 8516: 8242: 8152: 8000: 7703: 7694: 7452: 7277: 7169:North and Central Pacific 7130: 6892: 6885: 6812: 6754: 6070: 5991:Militaryhistoryonline.com 5583:10.1080/03071846409419700 5218:D-Day: The First 72 hours 4296:Canadian Military History 3364:No. 312 Fighter Squadrons 3339:No. 317 Fighter Squadrons 2718: 2653: 2220:Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer 2180: 1589:Role of Louis Mountbatten 1466: 1382:After its victory in the 688: 611: 490: 342: 239: 135: 68: 53: 41: 36: 9449:Allied invasion of Italy 9426:Solomon Islands campaign 9175:Third Battle of Changsha 8772:First Battle of Changsha 8678:Second Sino-Japanese War 7618:German military brothels 7484:United States war crimes 5962:10 February 2012 at the 5908:Roskill, S. W. (1962) . 5823:Ziegler, Philip (1985), 5718:Thompson, H. L. (1956). 5658:"The Lessons of Dieppe." 5604:10.1177/0968344521995867 5529:. London: J. Cape, 1963. 5488:26 November 2011 at the 5449:. Bath: Robinson. 2004. 5337:. Oxford: Osprey, 2012. 5265:Churchill, Sir Winston. 5247:Christie, N. M. (2000). 4950:Retrieved: 21 July 2012. 4934:Gilbert 2008, pp. 19–20. 4673:Leigh-Mallory Appendix C 4521:Military History Journal 4496:Robertson 1962, p. 386. 4382:Shelley 2021, pp. 10–11. 4207:15 December 2005 at the 4142:Dunning 2003, pp. 65–87. 3859:26 November 2011 at the 3308: 3114:, known as the X-Troop. 3009:official naval historian 2946:the small 4 October raid 2139:fighter force comprised 1934:Army Cooperation Command 1768:A Commando Royal Marines 1764:Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal 1752:Royal Regiment of Canada 1544:since June 1940. At the 1355:In the aftermath of the 9871:Second Guangxi campaign 9726:Philippines (1944–1945) 9230:Battle of the Coral Sea 9133:Fall of the Philippines 8779:Battle of South Guangxi 8685:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 8091:Italian Social Republic 5619:Shelley, James (2023). 5315:. Stroud Sutton, 2003. 5045:Veterans Affairs Canada 4965:Britain at War Magazine 4909:Shelley, James (2023). 4803:19 January 2012 at the 4784:Campbell 1993, pp. 4–5. 4594:Shelley, James (2023). 4517:"Air Umbrella – Dieppe" 3616:Buckingham 2004, p. 15. 3598:. King's College London 3492:24 October 2012 at the 3295:for all units involved. 3032:crossword (compiled by 2678:Adolf-Friedrich Kuntzen 2531:Mentioned in Despatches 2404:Pourville radar station 2315:Peter Young (historian) 2078: 1890:Fighter Command 1942–45 1793:(LCT). The Churchills, 1542:Western Desert campaign 9456:Armistice of Cassibile 9258:Battle of Dutch Harbor 9209:Battle of the Java Sea 9112:Attack on Pearl Harbor 9012:Syria–Lebanon campaign 9005:Battle of South Shanxi 8975:Invasion of Yugoslavia 8758:Battle of the Atlantic 8372:Korean Liberation Army 8085:(until September 1943) 8042:(until September 1944) 8020:(until September 1944) 6029:lahistoriaconmapas.com 5997:– CBC Digital Archives 5872:Bowman, M. W. (2005). 5850:The Aviation Historian 5767:London: Osprey, 1996. 5235:. London: Cass, 1993. 5114:. Montreal, ON Canada. 5040:"The 1942 Dieppe Raid" 4978:Garrett, Leah (2021). 4580:20 August 2018 at the 4415:Shelley 2021, pp. 7–9. 4224:"Lyster and Pittaway." 4212:calgaryhighlanders.com 4056:Shelley 2021, pp. 4–6. 3210: 3110:in the Dieppe raid as 3077:" mission overseen by 2991: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2890: 2888:Spitfires was 70. The 2881: 2838: 2789: 2781: 2699: 2693: 2686: 2667: 2636: 2628: 2614: 2608: 2570: 2551: 2498: 2460: 2442:Main Canadian landings 2413: 2371: 2341: 2327:No. 4 Commando, Dieppe 2267: 2250:No. 3 Commando, Dieppe 2135: 2126: 2092: 2048: 1939: 1922:Trafford Leigh-Mallory 1916: 1909: 1829: 1746: 1738: 1728: 1622:5th Destroyer Flotilla 1586: 1538:Operation Sledgehammer 1459: 1453: 1443: 1437: 1430: 1408: 1402: 1388: 1307: 637:Location within France 539:550 killed and wounded 280:Trafford Leigh-Mallory 240:Commanders and leaders 9620:Second Battle of Guam 9516:Bengal famine of 1943 9486:Second Battle of Kiev 9442:Battle of the Dnieper 9147:Battle of Wake Island 9019:East African campaign 8961:Battle of South Henan 8606:atrocities by Germans 8379:Korean Volunteer Army 7360:Occupation of Germany 7114:Music in World War II 5745:Villa, Brian Loring. 5663:28 March 2022 at the 5656:Stacey, Colonel C.P. 5445:Hughes-Wilson, John. 5216:Buckingham, William. 4890:Whitaker 1992, p. xv. 4872:Stacey 1944, par. 43. 4755:. The History Press. 4545:Maguire 1963, p. 181. 4440:Maguire 1963, p. 190. 3702:www.naval-history.net 3687:Whitaker 1992, p. 29. 3537:Canadian Encyclopedia 3517:King's College London 3433:Son of the novelist 3208: 3022:crossword controversy 2989: 2836: 2787: 2779: 2712:Hitler's high command 2671:unimpressed; General 2661: 2492:armoured car and two 2488: 2454: 2447:Red and White Beaches 2411: 2377:Black Watch of Canada 2369: 2257: 2086: 2007:Further information: 1888:Further information: 1834:Hunt-class destroyers 1824: 1744: 1724: 1715:Further information: 1569: 1550:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1529:in the Soviet Union. 1327:military intelligence 930:Battle of Britain Day 491:Casualties and losses 466:302nd Static Division 357:2nd Infantry Division 60:An abandoned British 9906:Surrender of Germany 9384:Battle of West Hubei 9341:Guadalcanal campaign 9311:Battle of Stalingrad 9237:Battle of Madagascar 8011:Albania protectorate 7798:(formerly Swaziland) 7507:Wehrmacht war crimes 7323:Expulsion of Germans 7107:Art and World War II 7005:British contribution 6954:Governments in exile 5925:Zuehlke, M. (2012). 5561:Robertson, Terence. 4854:Campbell 1993, p. 4. 4424:Shelley 2021, p. 12. 4234:Harry Palmer Gallery 3937:"Operation Jubilee." 3757:, pp. 156, 160. 3181:1 light Dieppe Dawn 3091:Enigma code machines 2921:, was injured when 2853:and his press chief 2841:Dieppe was a German 2503:Fusiliers Mont-Royal 2275:John Durnford-Slater 1801:in the turret and a 1799:QF 2-pdr (40 mm) gun 1620:as commander of the 1507:Operation Barbarossa 1496:Varengeville-sur-Mer 1421:Supermarine Spitfire 1227:Defence of the Reich 708:The Heligoland Bight 634:class=notpageimage| 547:Supermarine Spitfire 9996:Potsdam Declaration 9885:Italy (Spring 1945) 9648:Liberation of Paris 9105:Siege of Sevastopol 8123:(until August 1944) 8026:Wang Jingwei regime 7848:from September 1943 7808:from September 1944 7746:from September 1944 7606:Romanian war crimes 7597:Persecution of Jews 7583:Croatian war crimes 7553:Japanese war crimes 7367:Occupation of Japan 7316:First Indochina War 7028:Military production 6940:Declarations of war 5902:John Hughes-Hallett 5638:Smith, C. (2010) . 5401:Griffins, Richard. 5313:The Fighting Fourth 5085:Canadian War Museum 5029:Atkin 1980, p. 265. 4863:Atkin 1980, p. 266. 4836:Beattie, Edward W. 4775:Atkin 1980, p. 264. 4741:, pp. 396–297. 4643:Atkin 1980, p. 208. 4619:Atkin 1980, p. 257. 4403:Atkin 1980, p. 261. 4394:Atkin 1980, p. 262. 4373:, pp. 151, 68. 4266:, pp. 249–250. 4160:Atkin 1980, p. 136. 4151:Atkin 1980, p. 141. 4038:, pp. 248–249. 4005:Leigh-Mallory p. 61 3940:Combined Operations 3805:The Time of My Life 3793:, pp. 199–189. 3781:, pp. 187–188. 3769:, pp. 168–169. 3733:, pp. 148–150. 3201:Dieppe War Cemetery 2982:German preparedness 2848:Propaganda Minister 2812:High Speed Launches 2519:Calgary Highlanders 1968:Wireless telegraphy 1950:; commands flowing 1924:, the commander of 1574:Admiral Mountbatten 1562:French North Africa 1216:Strategic campaigns 819:Ypres–Comines Canal 589:1 submarine chaser 292:John Hughes-Hallett 104: / 9989:Surrender of Japan 9822:Battle of Iwo Jima 9671:Belgrade offensive 9084:Siege of Leningrad 8968:Battle of Shanggao 8897:British Somaliland 8862:Dunkirk evacuation 8813:Norwegian campaign 8751:Invasion of Poland 8578:Japanese prisoners 7546:Italian war crimes 7477:British war crimes 7392:Soviet occupations 7176:South-West Pacific 7063:Allied cooperation 7021:Military equipment 5304:Dumais, Lucien A. 5189:Boog et al. (2001) 5112:The Globe and Mail 4824:The New York Times 4751:Lee, Eric (2016). 4698:The London Gazette 4480:2010-12-06 at the 4465:Atkin 1980, p. 274 4451:"The Dieppe raid." 4361:, June 1996, p. 8. 4229:2010-12-31 at the 4129:The London Gazette 4109:The London Gazette 4086:The London Gazette 4047:Atkin 1980, p. 23. 3960:Atkin 1980, p. 24. 3650:, June 1996, p. 7. 3632:, June 1996, p. 6. 3230:Honours and awards 3224:Operation Fusilade 3211: 3054:Operation Overlord 2992: 2839: 2790: 2782: 2768:for army support. 2766:tactical air force 2668: 2499: 2461: 2427:as a last resort. 2414: 2372: 2310:Landing Craft Flak 2272:Lieutenant Colonel 2268: 2171:Kampfgeschwader 77 2166:Kampfgeschwader 40 2160:Kampfgeschwader 53 2093: 1966:which intercepted 1830: 1791:landing craft tank 1747: 1739: 1687:RAF Bomber Command 1643:Bernard Montgomery 1369:amphibious warfare 1357:Dunkirk evacuation 1298:, fighting on the 1242:Battle of Atlantic 450:15 French Commando 440:men, including 50 322:Gerd von Rundstedt 108:49.9333°N 1.0833°E 10098:Conflicts in 1942 10063: 10062: 10021: 10020: 9864:Battle of Okinawa 9763:Burma (1944–1945) 9597:Mariana and Palau 9377:Tunisian campaign 9202:Fall of Singapore 9126:Fall of Hong Kong 8869:Battle of Britain 8722:Operation Himmler 8631: 8630: 8295:Dutch East Indies 7938:Southern Rhodesia 7690: 7689: 7590:Genocide of Serbs 7493:German war crimes 7470:Soviet war crimes 7463:Allied war crimes 7309:Division of Korea 7288:Chinese Civil War 7086:Strategic bombing 6998:Manhattan Project 6772: 6771: 6759:British Commandos 5936:978-1-55365-836-8 5904:on 30 August 1942 5892:"The Dieppe Raid" 5773:978-1-85532-595-1 5649:978-0-7538-2705-5 5538:978-0-345-80769-4 5527:Dieppe, August 19 5498:978-1-908291-10-3 5473:978-83-206-0852-6 5455:978-1-84119-871-2 5415:Hamilton, Nigel. 5394:978-0-8020-0574-8 5377:978-0-230-71446-5 5343:978-1-78096-596-3 5282:978-0-96887-505-6 5158:978-0-333-19187-3 4989:978-0-358-17203-1 4925:, pp. 39–40, 247. 4664:Weal 1996, p. 26. 4655:, pp. 56–62. 4202:"Mortar platoon." 4190:The National Post 3993:, pp. 143–4. 3981:, pp. 232–3. 3969:Copp 2004, p. 34. 3951:Henry 1993, p. 6. 3915:Julian Thompson: 3869:978-1-908291-10-3 3676:Juno Beach Centre 3576:978-1-4711-6644-0 3548:Defelice, James. 3485:Ogrodnik, Irene. 3473:Ford 2004, p. 41. 3343:Polish Air Forces 3198: 3197: 3174:Kingston, Ontario 2860:strategic bombing 2829:German propaganda 2758:Mulberry harbours 2725:Normandy landings 2154:Kampfgeschwader 2 2148:Jagdgeschwader 26 1981:Headquarters ship 1976:direction finding 1726:Dieppe is in the 1711:Operation Jubilee 1680:amphibious attack 1554:Winston Churchill 1534:Operation Roundup 1492:Berneval-le-Grand 1414:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 1412:deployed the new 1384:Battle of Britain 1351:Dunkirk to Dieppe 1256:Operation Jubilee 1250: 1249: 645: 644: 486: 474:Does not include 442:U.S. Army Rangers 256:Louis Mountbatten 131: 130: 16:(Redirected from 10170: 10163:Lord Mountbatten 10080: 10079: 10078: 10071: 10056: 10049: 10042: 10039:World portal 10037: 10036: 10012: 10005: 9998: 9991: 9982: 9975: 9968: 9959: 9952: 9945: 9938: 9931: 9924: 9915: 9908: 9901: 9899:Prague offensive 9894: 9892:Battle of Berlin 9887: 9880: 9873: 9866: 9859: 9852: 9845: 9838: 9836:Vienna offensive 9831: 9824: 9817: 9815:Battle of Manila 9810: 9790: 9781: 9772: 9765: 9756: 9749: 9742: 9735: 9728: 9721: 9714: 9705: 9696: 9689: 9680: 9673: 9666: 9659: 9650: 9643: 9636: 9629: 9622: 9615: 9608: 9599: 9592: 9583: 9574: 9565: 9558: 9556:Korsun–Cherkassy 9551: 9540: 9518: 9509: 9502: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9467: 9458: 9451: 9444: 9437: 9428: 9421: 9414: 9407: 9400: 9398:Bombing of Gorky 9393: 9386: 9379: 9359: 9352: 9343: 9336: 9329: 9320: 9313: 9306: 9299: 9288: 9281: 9274: 9267: 9265:Battle of Midway 9260: 9253: 9251:Battle of Gazala 9246: 9239: 9232: 9225: 9218: 9211: 9204: 9184: 9177: 9170: 9163: 9161:Battle of Borneo 9156: 9154:Malayan campaign 9149: 9142: 9135: 9128: 9121: 9114: 9107: 9100: 9098:Bombing of Gorky 9093: 9091:Battle of Moscow 9086: 9079: 9072: 9065: 9058: 9051: 9035: 9028: 9021: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8991: 8984: 8977: 8970: 8963: 8943: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8913: 8906: 8899: 8892: 8885: 8878: 8871: 8864: 8857: 8855:Battle of France 8850: 8843: 8836: 8829: 8822: 8815: 8795: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8760: 8753: 8731: 8724: 8717: 8710: 8708:Munich Agreement 8703: 8696: 8687: 8680: 8673: 8664: 8657: 8642: 8641: 8624: 8617: 8608: 8601: 8594: 8593:Soviet prisoners 8587: 8580: 8573: 8564: 8557: 8548: 8541: 8534: 8533:German prisoners 8529: 8509: 8500: 8493: 8486: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8460: 8453: 8446: 8439: 8432: 8425: 8418: 8411: 8404: 8397: 8390: 8381: 8374: 8367: 8360: 8353: 8346: 8339: 8332: 8325: 8318: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8276: 8269: 8262: 8255: 8235: 8228: 8221: 8214: 8207: 8200: 8193: 8186: 8179: 8172: 8165: 8145: 8138: 8131: 8124: 8116: 8109: 8102: 8093: 8086: 8078: 8071: 8069:French Indochina 8064: 8057: 8050: 8043: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8013: 7993: 7984: 7977: 7968: 7961: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7919: 7916:from August 1944 7907: 7900: 7893: 7886: 7879: 7872: 7865: 7858: 7851: 7839: 7832: 7825: 7818: 7811: 7799: 7791: 7784: 7777: 7770: 7763: 7756: 7749: 7737: 7730: 7723: 7716: 7701: 7700: 7681: 7674: 7667: 7660: 7653: 7642: 7627: 7620: 7613: 7608: 7599: 7592: 7585: 7576: 7569: 7562: 7560:Nanjing Massacre 7555: 7548: 7539: 7537:Nuremberg trials 7530: 7523: 7516: 7509: 7502: 7495: 7486: 7479: 7472: 7465: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7387: 7378: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7348: 7339: 7332: 7325: 7318: 7311: 7304: 7297: 7290: 7270: 7261: 7254: 7247: 7238: 7231: 7224: 7217: 7208: 7201: 7194: 7185: 7178: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7150: 7143: 7141:Asia and Pacific 7123: 7116: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7088: 7081: 7072: 7070:Mulberry harbour 7065: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6963: 6956: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6912: 6905: 6890: 6889: 6878: 6871: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6776: 6775: 6057: 6050: 6043: 6034: 6033: 5940: 5921: 5899: 5887: 5864:Patrick Bishop: 5861: 5837: 5819: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5653: 5634: 5615: 5586: 5522: 5398: 5397:. D2-63/3-1994E. 5364: 5335:Allies at Dieppe 5311:Dunning, James. 5262: 5231:Campbell, J. P. 5213: 5192: 5183: 5137: 5136: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5076:Lawren P. Harris 5072: 5066: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5036: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4960: 4951: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4926: 4924: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4891: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4873: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4855: 4852: 4846: 4842:Pittsburgh Press 4834: 4828: 4817: 4811: 4794: 4785: 4782: 4776: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4689: 4683: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4620: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4591: 4585: 4571: 4562: 4554:Grimsley, Mark. 4552: 4546: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4497: 4494: 4488: 4472: 4466: 4463: 4457: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4425: 4422: 4416: 4413: 4404: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4383: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4355: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4302:(4), Article 6, 4287: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4243: 4237: 4221: 4215: 4199: 4193: 4183: 4177: 4169:Goldstein, Ron. 4167: 4161: 4158: 4152: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4100: 4091: 4090: 4077: 4071: 4069:Warfare Magazine 4063: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4003: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3949: 3943: 3934: 3928: 3918:The Dieppe Raid. 3913: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3847: 3826: 3820: 3809: 3808: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3670: 3651: 3644: 3633: 3626: 3617: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3590:Shelley, James. 3587: 3581: 3580: 3562: 3556: 3546: 3540: 3530: 3521: 3520: 3519:. December 1999. 3509: 3500: 3483: 3474: 3471: 3462: 3459: 3438: 3431: 3425: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3367: 3356: 3350: 3319: 3248:prisoners of war 3194: 3141: 3140: 3065:The Enigma pinch 2969: 2929:Prisoners of war 2912: 2906: 2900: 2893: 2886: 2869:les Anglo-Saxons 2825:prisoner (37%). 2702: 2696: 2689: 2639: 2633: 2617: 2611: 2580:The airfield at 2575: 2558:Bristol Blenheim 2554: 2421:Jack Nissenthall 2352:Patrick Porteous 2344: 2270:The mission for 2210:Initial landings 2142:Jagdgeschwader 2 2138: 2129: 2051: 2037:in West Sussex; 1942: 1919: 1912: 1894:Circus offensive 1841:Sir Dudley Pound 1807:QF 6-pdr (57 mm) 1770:and the armour. 1731: 1658:Operation Rutter 1511:summer offensive 1473:Seine-Inférieure 1462: 1456: 1446: 1440: 1433: 1425:Hawker Hurricane 1411: 1405: 1391: 1386:in 1940 and the 1312: 1294:and support the 1282:(RAF) fighters. 1272:Second World War 1079:Atlantic Pockets 683: 679:Western Front of 671: 664: 657: 648: 647: 627: 626: 620: 553:Hawker Hurricane 537:33 landing craft 473: 464: 463: 439: 436: 424: 422: 421: 407: 405: 404: 366: 365: 355: 354: 332: 331: 320: 319: 302: 301: 290: 289: 278: 277: 266: 265: 254: 253: 235: 231: 229: 228: 214: 213: 212: 202: 201: 200: 190: 188: 187: 177: 175: 174: 164: 162: 161: 151: 149: 148: 119: 118: 116: 115: 114: 109: 105: 102: 101: 100: 97: 70: 69: 58: 48:Second World War 34: 33: 21: 10178: 10177: 10173: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10088: 10087: 10086: 10076: 10074: 10066: 10064: 10059: 10052: 10045: 10031: 10029: 10017: 10008: 10001: 9994: 9987: 9978: 9971: 9964: 9955: 9950:Atomic bombings 9948: 9941: 9934: 9927: 9920: 9911: 9904: 9897: 9890: 9883: 9876: 9869: 9862: 9855: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9827: 9820: 9813: 9806: 9793: 9786: 9775: 9768: 9761: 9752: 9745: 9738: 9731: 9724: 9717: 9708: 9699: 9692: 9683: 9676: 9669: 9662: 9653: 9646: 9641:Eastern Romania 9639: 9634:Warsaw Uprising 9632: 9627:Tannenberg Line 9625: 9618: 9613:Western Ukraine 9611: 9602: 9595: 9586: 9577: 9568: 9561: 9554: 9543: 9534: 9521: 9514: 9505: 9498: 9491: 9484: 9477: 9470: 9463: 9454: 9447: 9440: 9431: 9424: 9417: 9410: 9405:Battle of Kursk 9403: 9396: 9389: 9382: 9375: 9362: 9355: 9346: 9339: 9332: 9323: 9316: 9309: 9302: 9293: 9284: 9277: 9270: 9263: 9256: 9249: 9242: 9235: 9228: 9221: 9216:St Nazaire Raid 9214: 9207: 9200: 9187: 9180: 9173: 9166: 9159: 9152: 9145: 9138: 9131: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9103: 9096: 9089: 9082: 9075: 9068: 9061: 9054: 9040: 9031: 9024: 9017: 9010: 9003: 8998:Anglo-Iraqi War 8996: 8989:Battle of Crete 8987: 8980: 8973: 8966: 8959: 8946: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8918:Eastern Romania 8916: 8909: 8902: 8895: 8888: 8881: 8874: 8867: 8860: 8853: 8846: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8818: 8811: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8777: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8749: 8736: 8727: 8720: 8713: 8706: 8699: 8692: 8683: 8676: 8669: 8660: 8653: 8627: 8620: 8613: 8604: 8597: 8592: 8583: 8576: 8569: 8560: 8553: 8544: 8537: 8532: 8525: 8512: 8505: 8496: 8489: 8484: 8479:Western Ukraine 8477: 8470: 8463: 8456: 8449: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8423:Northeast China 8421: 8414: 8407: 8400: 8393: 8386: 8377: 8370: 8363: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8335: 8328: 8321: 8314: 8307: 8300: 8293: 8286: 8279: 8272: 8265: 8258: 8251: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8217: 8210: 8203: 8196: 8189: 8182: 8175: 8168: 8161: 8148: 8141: 8134: 8129:Slovak Republic 8127: 8119: 8112: 8105: 8100:Empire of Japan 8098: 8089: 8081: 8074: 8067: 8060: 8053: 8046: 8038: 8031: 8024: 8016: 8009: 7996: 7989: 7980: 7973: 7964: 7957: 7950: 7943: 7936: 7929: 7922: 7910: 7903: 7896: 7889: 7882: 7875: 7868: 7861: 7854: 7842: 7835: 7828: 7821: 7814: 7802: 7794: 7787: 7780: 7773: 7766: 7759: 7752: 7740: 7733: 7726: 7719: 7712: 7686: 7677: 7670: 7663: 7656: 7645: 7630: 7623: 7616: 7612:Sexual violence 7611: 7604: 7595: 7588: 7581: 7572: 7565: 7558: 7551: 7544: 7535: 7526: 7519: 7512: 7505: 7498: 7491: 7482: 7475: 7468: 7461: 7448: 7441: 7434: 7427: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7381: 7372: 7365: 7358: 7351: 7342: 7335: 7330:Greek Civil War 7328: 7321: 7314: 7307: 7300: 7293: 7286: 7273: 7266: 7257: 7250: 7243: 7234: 7227: 7220: 7213: 7204: 7197: 7190: 7181: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7155:South-East Asia 7153: 7146: 7139: 7126: 7119: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7091: 7084: 7077: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7014:Military awards 7012: 7003: 6996: 6989: 6980: 6973: 6966: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6938: 6931: 6924: 6917: 6908: 6901: 6881: 6874: 6867: 6858: 6851: 6844: 6839: 6830: 6823: 6816: 6808: 6803: 6773: 6768: 6750: 6066: 6061: 5983:The Dieppe Raid 5969:The Dieppe Raid 5964:Wayback Machine 5947: 5937: 5890: 5884: 5852:(35): 106–117. 5844: 5842:Further reading 5835: 5816: 5794:Richards, Denis 5736: 5734: 5702:Taylor, A.J.P. 5693: 5691: 5665:Wayback Machine 5650: 5631: 5519: 5490:Wayback Machine 5478:Leasor, James. 5430:Henry, Hugh G. 5395: 5367:Gilbert, Val. 5361: 5259: 5210: 5180: 5148:Atkin, Ronald. 5145: 5140: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5104: 5100: 5090: 5088: 5073: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5038: 5037: 5033: 5028: 5024: 5009: 5005: 4990: 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4013: 4009: 4004: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3946: 3935: 3931: 3914: 3887: 3883:, pp. 6–7. 3879: 3875: 3861:Wayback Machine 3849:Leasor, James. 3848: 3829: 3821: 3812: 3801: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3704: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3671: 3654: 3645: 3636: 3627: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3596:media.kcl.ac.uk 3588: 3584: 3577: 3563: 3559: 3547: 3543: 3531: 3524: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3494:Wayback Machine 3484: 3477: 3472: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3357: 3353: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3279: 3237:John Weir Foote 3232: 3203: 3139: 3087:No. 30 Commando 3067: 3058:Daily Telegraph 3042:Lord Tweedsmuir 3029:Daily Telegraph 3024: 3020:Daily Telegraph 2984: 2967: 2963: 2937:William Southam 2931: 2877: 2864:Philippe Pétain 2851:Joseph Goebbels 2843:propaganda coup 2831: 2774: 2721: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2630:Geheimschreiber 2542: 2494:Churchill tanks 2457:Churchill tanks 2449: 2444: 2418:Flight Sergeant 2406: 2394:Charles Merritt 2386: 2364: 2329: 2323: 2252: 2246: 2212: 2200:Motor Gun Boats 2183: 2169:(KG 40) and I./ 2131: 2081: 2076: 2067: 2019:Douglas Bostons 2011: 2009:No. 2 Group RAF 2005: 1972:Radio telephony 1896: 1886: 1884:Fighter Command 1881: 1868:Prince of Wales 1819: 1787:Churchill tanks 1737: 1719: 1713: 1708: 1660: 1591: 1558:Operation Torch 1480:English Channel 1469: 1397:Fighter Command 1394:Royal Air Force 1353: 1348: 1290:to re-open the 1280:Royal Air Force 1253: 1252: 1251: 1246: 973:St Nazaire Raid 925:The Hardest Day 792:Fort Eben-Emael 778:Rotterdam Blitz 736:The Netherlands 684: 680: 677: 675: 641: 640: 639: 638: 636: 630: 629: 628: 603: 598: 594: 588: 584: 582: 580: 575: 568: 562: 556: 550: 544: 542:Royal Air Force 540: 538: 536: 534: 530: 528: 526: 524: 519: 515: 510: 508: 506: 504: 499: 472: 470: 469: 468: 458: 437: 432: 431: 429: 426:Royal Air Force 419: 417: 412: 402: 400: 360: 359: 349: 338: 326: 314: 308: 296: 284: 272: 260: 248: 226: 224: 220: 210: 208: 198: 196: 185: 183: 172: 170: 159: 157: 146: 144: 113:49.9333; 1.0833 112: 110: 106: 103: 98: 95: 93: 91: 90: 89: 59: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10176: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10103:1942 in France 10100: 10085: 10084: 10082:United Kingdom 10061: 10060: 10058: 10057: 10050: 10043: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10013: 10006: 9999: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9969: 9966:South Sakhalin 9962: 9961: 9960: 9946: 9939: 9932: 9925: 9918: 9917: 9916: 9902: 9895: 9888: 9881: 9874: 9867: 9860: 9853: 9846: 9839: 9832: 9825: 9818: 9811: 9803: 9801: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9791: 9784: 9783: 9782: 9766: 9759: 9758: 9757: 9743: 9736: 9729: 9722: 9715: 9706: 9697: 9690: 9681: 9674: 9667: 9660: 9651: 9644: 9637: 9630: 9623: 9616: 9609: 9600: 9593: 9584: 9575: 9566: 9559: 9552: 9541: 9531: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9519: 9512: 9511: 9510: 9503: 9489: 9482: 9475: 9468: 9461: 9460: 9459: 9445: 9438: 9429: 9422: 9415: 9408: 9401: 9394: 9391:Battle of Attu 9387: 9380: 9372: 9370: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9353: 9344: 9337: 9330: 9321: 9314: 9307: 9300: 9291: 9290: 9289: 9282: 9268: 9261: 9254: 9247: 9240: 9233: 9226: 9219: 9212: 9205: 9197: 9195: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9185: 9178: 9171: 9164: 9157: 9150: 9143: 9140:Battle of Guam 9136: 9129: 9122: 9115: 9108: 9101: 9094: 9087: 9080: 9073: 9066: 9063:Battle of Kiev 9059: 9052: 9038: 9037: 9036: 9022: 9015: 9008: 9001: 8994: 8993: 8992: 8978: 8971: 8964: 8956: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8944: 8935: 8928: 8921: 8914: 8907: 8900: 8893: 8886: 8879: 8872: 8865: 8858: 8851: 8844: 8837: 8830: 8823: 8816: 8808: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8789: 8782: 8775: 8768: 8761: 8754: 8746: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8733: 8732: 8725: 8718: 8711: 8704: 8690: 8689: 8688: 8681: 8667: 8666: 8665: 8650: 8648: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8625: 8618: 8611: 8610: 8609: 8602: 8590: 8589: 8588: 8574: 8567: 8566: 8565: 8562:United Kingdom 8558: 8551: 8550: 8549: 8530: 8522: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8503: 8502: 8501: 8494: 8482: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8454: 8447: 8440: 8433: 8426: 8419: 8412: 8405: 8398: 8391: 8384: 8383: 8382: 8375: 8361: 8354: 8347: 8340: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8312: 8305: 8298: 8291: 8284: 8277: 8270: 8263: 8256: 8248: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8236: 8229: 8222: 8215: 8208: 8201: 8194: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8166: 8158: 8156: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8139: 8132: 8125: 8117: 8110: 8103: 8096: 8095: 8094: 8079: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8044: 8036: 8029: 8022: 8014: 8006: 8004: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7994: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7971: 7970: 7969: 7966:British Empire 7959:United Kingdom 7955: 7948: 7941: 7934: 7927: 7920: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7887: 7880: 7873: 7866: 7859: 7852: 7840: 7833: 7826: 7819: 7812: 7800: 7792: 7785: 7778: 7775:Czechoslovakia 7771: 7764: 7757: 7750: 7738: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7709: 7707: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7675: 7672:Rape of Manila 7668: 7661: 7654: 7643: 7628: 7621: 7609: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7593: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7570: 7563: 7549: 7542: 7541: 7540: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7524: 7510: 7503: 7489: 7488: 7487: 7480: 7473: 7458: 7456: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7443:United Nations 7439: 7432: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7388: 7379: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7349: 7340: 7333: 7326: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7302:Decolonization 7298: 7291: 7283: 7281: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7271: 7264: 7263: 7262: 7248: 7241: 7240: 7239: 7232: 7225: 7211: 7210: 7209: 7202: 7188: 7187: 7186: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7151: 7136: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7082: 7075: 7074: 7073: 7066: 7052: 7045: 7038: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7010: 7009: 7008: 6994: 6987: 6986: 6985: 6978: 6975:United Kingdom 6971: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6936: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6914: 6913: 6898: 6896: 6887: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6856: 6849: 6837: 6836: 6835: 6821: 6813: 6810: 6809: 6802: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6779: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6741: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6605: 6598: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6535: 6528: 6521: 6514: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6486: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6276: 6269: 6262: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6205: 6198: 6191: 6184: 6177: 6170: 6163: 6156: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6071: 6068: 6067: 6060: 6059: 6052: 6045: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6009: 6004: 5998: 5992: 5989:Raid on Dieppe 5986: 5980: 5972: 5966: 5954: 5946: 5945:External links 5943: 5942: 5941: 5935: 5922: 5905: 5888: 5882: 5869: 5862: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5834:978-0002165433 5833: 5820: 5814: 5790: 5776: 5758: 5743: 5715: 5700: 5671: 5654: 5648: 5635: 5629: 5616: 5592:War in History 5587: 5577:(633): 27–31. 5566: 5559: 5541: 5530: 5523: 5517: 5501: 5476: 5458: 5443: 5428: 5413: 5403:Marshal Pétain 5399: 5393: 5380: 5365: 5359: 5346: 5333:Fowler, Will. 5331: 5324: 5309: 5302: 5285: 5270: 5263: 5257: 5244: 5229: 5214: 5208: 5195: 5194: 5193: 5178: 5161: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5117: 5098: 5067: 5058: 5031: 5022: 5003: 4988: 4970: 4952: 4936: 4927: 4920:978-1399030601 4919: 4901: 4892: 4883: 4874: 4865: 4856: 4847: 4829: 4812: 4796:Fleming, Vic. 4786: 4777: 4768: 4762:978-0750964364 4761: 4743: 4731: 4704: 4684: 4675: 4666: 4657: 4645: 4636: 4634:, p. 338. 4621: 4612: 4605:978-1399030601 4604: 4586: 4563: 4547: 4538: 4536:, p. 441. 4526: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4467: 4458: 4442: 4426: 4417: 4405: 4396: 4384: 4375: 4363: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4321:, p. 144. 4308: 4277: 4268: 4256: 4238: 4216: 4194: 4178: 4162: 4153: 4144: 4135: 4115: 4092: 4072: 4058: 4049: 4040: 4028: 4019: 4017:, p. 151. 4007: 3995: 3983: 3979:Greenhous 1994 3971: 3962: 3953: 3944: 3942:, 7 June 2010. 3929: 3885: 3873: 3827: 3825:, p. 190. 3810: 3807:. p. 259. 3803:Healy, Denis. 3795: 3783: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3745:, p. 155. 3735: 3723: 3714: 3689: 3680: 3673:"Dieppe raid." 3652: 3634: 3618: 3609: 3582: 3575: 3557: 3541: 3522: 3501: 3475: 3463: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3396:Zeebrugge raid 3387: 3377: 3368: 3351: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3305: 3296: 3290: 3278: 3275: 3267:Military Medal 3231: 3228: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3138: 3135: 3103:Bletchley Park 3066: 3063: 3023: 3017: 2983: 2980: 2962: 2959: 2955:Commando Order 2930: 2927: 2876: 2875:The air battle 2873: 2830: 2827: 2773: 2770: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2720: 2717: 2664:Churchill tank 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2622:. The new 6IS 2541: 2540:Air operations 2538: 2511:Dollard Ménard 2475:Denis Whitaker 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2405: 2402: 2385: 2382: 2363: 2360: 2356:Victoria Cross 2325:Main article: 2322: 2319: 2306:Steam Gun Boat 2283:2/770 Batterie 2260:No. 4 Commando 2248:Main article: 2245: 2242: 2211: 2208: 2204:Motor Launches 2182: 2179: 2130: 2123: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2004: 2001: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1838:First Sea Lord 1818: 1815: 1811:flame-throwers 1734:Seine-Maritime 1725: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1659: 1656: 1590: 1587: 1503:Western Europe 1468: 1465: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1329:was gathered. 1323:taken prisoner 1288:United Kingdom 1248: 1247: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1151: 1144: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1130: 1118: 1111: 1104: 1097: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1042: 1037: 1035:Hürtgen Forest 1032: 1025: 1020: 1018:Siegfried Line 1015: 1008: 1001: 994: 983: 982: 981: 980: 975: 968:Commando Raids 965: 963:Baedeker Blitz 960: 953: 940: 939: 932: 927: 922: 917: 904: 903: 902: 901: 891: 884: 879: 874: 873: 872: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 822: 821: 816: 811: 806: 799: 794: 781: 780: 775: 770: 768:The Grebbeberg 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 732: 731: 718: 717: 710: 705: 700: 689: 686: 685: 674: 673: 666: 659: 651: 643: 642: 632: 631: 622: 621: 615: 614: 613: 612: 609: 608: 606:Dornier Do 217 570: 559:Douglas Boston 512:United Kingdom 509:1,946 captured 493: 492: 488: 487: 456: 397: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 345: 344: 340: 339: 337: 336: 324: 311: 309: 307: 306: 294: 282: 270: 258: 245: 242: 241: 237: 236: 221: 219: 218: 216:Czechoslovakia 206: 194: 181: 168: 155: 153:United Kingdom 141: 138: 137: 133: 132: 129: 128: 127:German victory 125: 121: 120: 84: 82: 78: 77: 76:19 August 1942 74: 66: 65: 51: 50: 39: 38: 32: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10175: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10083: 10073: 10072: 10069: 10055: 10051: 10048: 10044: 10041: 10040: 10035: 10028: 10027: 10024: 10011: 10007: 10004: 10000: 9997: 9993: 9992: 9990: 9986: 9981: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9973:Kuril Islands 9970: 9967: 9963: 9958: 9954: 9953: 9951: 9947: 9944: 9940: 9937: 9933: 9930: 9926: 9923: 9919: 9914: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9903: 9900: 9896: 9893: 9889: 9886: 9882: 9879: 9875: 9872: 9868: 9865: 9861: 9858: 9854: 9851: 9847: 9844: 9840: 9837: 9833: 9830: 9826: 9823: 9819: 9816: 9812: 9809: 9805: 9804: 9802: 9800: 9796: 9789: 9785: 9780: 9779: 9774: 9773: 9771: 9767: 9764: 9760: 9755: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9744: 9741: 9740:Syrmian Front 9737: 9734: 9730: 9727: 9723: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9704: 9703: 9698: 9695: 9691: 9688: 9687: 9686:Market Garden 9682: 9679: 9675: 9672: 9668: 9665: 9661: 9658: 9657: 9652: 9649: 9645: 9642: 9638: 9635: 9631: 9628: 9624: 9621: 9617: 9614: 9610: 9607: 9606: 9601: 9598: 9594: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9567: 9564: 9560: 9557: 9553: 9550: 9546: 9545:Monte Cassino 9542: 9539: 9538: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9524: 9517: 9513: 9508: 9504: 9501: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9490: 9487: 9483: 9480: 9476: 9473: 9469: 9466: 9462: 9457: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9446: 9443: 9439: 9436: 9435: 9430: 9427: 9423: 9420: 9416: 9413: 9409: 9406: 9402: 9399: 9395: 9392: 9388: 9385: 9381: 9378: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9369: 9365: 9358: 9354: 9351: 9350: 9345: 9342: 9338: 9335: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9322: 9319: 9315: 9312: 9308: 9305: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9283: 9280: 9276: 9275: 9273: 9269: 9266: 9262: 9259: 9255: 9252: 9248: 9245: 9241: 9238: 9234: 9231: 9227: 9224: 9220: 9217: 9213: 9210: 9206: 9203: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9190: 9183: 9179: 9176: 9172: 9169: 9165: 9162: 9158: 9155: 9151: 9148: 9144: 9141: 9137: 9134: 9130: 9127: 9123: 9120: 9116: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9102: 9099: 9095: 9092: 9088: 9085: 9081: 9078: 9074: 9071: 9067: 9064: 9060: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9048: 9043: 9039: 9034: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9023: 9020: 9016: 9013: 9009: 9006: 9002: 8999: 8995: 8990: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8979: 8976: 8972: 8969: 8965: 8962: 8958: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8949: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8922: 8919: 8915: 8912: 8911:Baltic states 8908: 8905: 8901: 8898: 8894: 8891: 8887: 8884: 8880: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8866: 8863: 8859: 8856: 8852: 8849: 8845: 8842: 8838: 8835: 8831: 8828: 8824: 8821: 8817: 8814: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8801: 8794: 8790: 8787: 8783: 8780: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8766: 8762: 8759: 8755: 8752: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8739: 8730: 8726: 8723: 8719: 8716: 8712: 8709: 8705: 8702: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8691: 8686: 8682: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8668: 8663: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8634: 8623: 8619: 8616: 8612: 8607: 8603: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8591: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8572: 8568: 8563: 8559: 8556: 8555:United States 8552: 8547: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8536: 8535: 8531: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8515: 8508: 8504: 8499: 8495: 8492: 8491:Quốc dân Đảng 8488: 8487: 8483: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8448: 8445: 8441: 8438: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8424: 8420: 8417: 8413: 8410: 8406: 8403: 8399: 8396: 8392: 8389: 8385: 8380: 8376: 8373: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8362: 8359: 8355: 8352: 8348: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8327: 8324: 8320: 8317: 8313: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8299: 8296: 8292: 8289: 8285: 8282: 8278: 8275: 8271: 8268: 8264: 8261: 8257: 8254: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8241: 8234: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8216: 8213: 8209: 8206: 8202: 8199: 8195: 8192: 8191:Liechtenstein 8188: 8185: 8181: 8178: 8174: 8171: 8167: 8164: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8151: 8144: 8140: 8137: 8133: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8115: 8111: 8108: 8104: 8101: 8097: 8092: 8088: 8087: 8084: 8080: 8077: 8073: 8070: 8066: 8063: 8059: 8056: 8052: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8034: 8030: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8015: 8012: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7999: 7992: 7988: 7983: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7975:United States 7972: 7967: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7956: 7953: 7949: 7946: 7942: 7939: 7935: 7932: 7928: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7909: 7906: 7902: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7881: 7878: 7874: 7871: 7867: 7864: 7860: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7838: 7834: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7820: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7790: 7786: 7783: 7779: 7776: 7772: 7769: 7765: 7762: 7758: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7736: 7732: 7729: 7725: 7722: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7693: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7665:Comfort women 7662: 7659: 7655: 7652: 7649: / 7648: 7644: 7641: 7638: / 7637: 7634: / 7633: 7629: 7626: 7625:Camp brothels 7622: 7619: 7615: 7614: 7610: 7607: 7603: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7580: 7575: 7571: 7568: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7550: 7547: 7543: 7538: 7534: 7529: 7525: 7522: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7514:The Holocaust 7511: 7508: 7504: 7501: 7500:forced labour 7497: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7485: 7481: 7478: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7451: 7444: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7368: 7364: 7361: 7357: 7354: 7353:Marshall Plan 7350: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7299: 7296: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7276: 7269: 7265: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7246: 7242: 7237: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7207: 7206:Eastern Front 7203: 7200: 7199:Western Front 7196: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7184: 7180: 7177: 7173: 7170: 7166: 7163: 7159: 7156: 7152: 7149: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7129: 7122: 7118: 7115: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7093:Puppet states 7090: 7087: 7083: 7080: 7076: 7071: 7067: 7064: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7035:Naval history 7032: 7029: 7025: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7006: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6988: 6983: 6982:United States 6979: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6958: 6955: 6951: 6948: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6911: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6866: 6861: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6833: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6807: 6800: 6795: 6793: 6788: 6786: 6781: 6780: 6777: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6730: 6728: 6727: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6714: 6713: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6522: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6487: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6415: 6414: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6396: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6375: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6345: 6344: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6183: 6182: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6120: 6119: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6072: 6069: 6065: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6046: 6044: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6028: 6025: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5971:, BBC History 5970: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5938: 5932: 5928: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5906: 5903: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5883:1-84415-333-9 5879: 5875: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5846: 5845: 5836: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5815:0-11-771593-X 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5789: 5788:0-07-551641-1 5785: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5764: 5759: 5756: 5755:0-19-540679-6 5752: 5748: 5744: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5716: 5713: 5712:0-14-004135-4 5709: 5705: 5701: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5675:Stacey, C. P. 5672: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5632: 5630:9781399030601 5626: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5556:1-55002-311-X 5553: 5549: 5547: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5518:0-304-36651-X 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5477: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5440:0-900913-76-2 5437: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5425:0-241-10583-8 5422: 5418: 5414: 5412: 5411:0-09-455740-3 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5386: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5360:1-85780-075-3 5356: 5352: 5347: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5321:0-7509-3095-0 5318: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5303: 5301: 5300:1-926804-01-5 5297: 5293: 5291: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5258:1-896979-36-X 5254: 5250: 5245: 5242: 5241:0-7146-3496-4 5238: 5234: 5230: 5227: 5226:0-7524-2842-X 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5209:0-571-11460-1 5205: 5201: 5196: 5190: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5179:0-19-822888-0 5175: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5146: 5134: 5127: 5121: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5062: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5035: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4981: 4974: 4966: 4959: 4957: 4949: 4946: 4940: 4931: 4922: 4916: 4912: 4905: 4896: 4887: 4878: 4869: 4860: 4851: 4844: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4816: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4781: 4772: 4764: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4688: 4679: 4670: 4661: 4654: 4649: 4640: 4633: 4628: 4626: 4616: 4607: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4583: 4579: 4576: 4573:Hall, David. 4570: 4568: 4560: 4557: 4551: 4542: 4535: 4530: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4502: 4493: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4471: 4462: 4455: 4454:History Today 4452: 4449:Foot, M.R.D. 4446: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4421: 4412: 4410: 4400: 4391: 4389: 4379: 4372: 4367: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4336: 4327: 4320: 4315: 4313: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4272: 4265: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4220: 4213: 4210: 4206: 4203: 4198: 4191: 4188: 4182: 4175: 4172: 4166: 4157: 4148: 4139: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4119: 4111: 4110: 4105: 4099: 4097: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4037: 4032: 4023: 4016: 4011: 4002: 4000: 3992: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3948: 3941: 3938: 3933: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3882: 3881:Christie 2000 3877: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3824: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3806: 3799: 3792: 3787: 3780: 3775: 3768: 3763: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3739: 3732: 3727: 3718: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3684: 3677: 3674: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3631: 3625: 3623: 3613: 3597: 3593: 3586: 3578: 3572: 3568: 3567:Indian Summer 3561: 3554: 3551: 3545: 3538: 3535: 3534:"Dieppe Raid' 3529: 3527: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3506: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3458: 3454: 3436: 3430: 3421: 3412: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3381: 3372: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3314: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3255: 3251: 3249: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3193: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3153:Manufacturer 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3137:Commemoration 3134: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3099:cryptanalysts 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3071:David O'Keefe 3062: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3004: 3000: 2997: 2988: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2958: 2956: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2916:Air Commodore 2911: 2905: 2899: 2892: 2885: 2884: 2872: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2855:Otto Dietrich 2852: 2849: 2844: 2835: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2786: 2778: 2769: 2767: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2674: 2665: 2660: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2625: 2621: 2620:Low Countries 2616: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2567: 2564:and one from 2563: 2560:bombers from 2559: 2553: 2547: 2544:At 04:16 six 2537: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2507:Royal Marines 2504: 2495: 2491: 2490:Daimler Dingo 2487: 2483: 2481: 2480:shingle beach 2476: 2472: 2467: 2458: 2453: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2410: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2378: 2368: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2328: 2318: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2241: 2239: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2163:(KG 53), II./ 2162: 2161: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2143: 2137: 2128: 2122: 2120: 2119:radar station 2116: 2111: 2106: 2105:double agents 2101: 2098: 2090: 2085: 2074:German forces 2071: 2062: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2010: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964:RAF Kingsdown 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1932:squadrons of 1931: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1895: 1891: 1876: 1874: 1873:air supremacy 1870: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1854:battlecruiser 1851: 1846: 1845:capital ships 1842: 1839: 1835: 1827: 1823: 1817:Naval support 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1743: 1736:, in Normandy 1735: 1730: 1723: 1718: 1703: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1652: 1647: 1644: 1639: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1523:Eastern Front 1520: 1519:Joseph Stalin 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 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Over 6,050 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1074:Colmar Pocket 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1047: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1029:Market Garden 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1006: 1002: 1000: 999: 995: 993: 990: 989: 988: 987: 979: 976: 974: 971: 970: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 958: 954: 952: 951: 947: 946: 945: 944: 938: 937: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 912: 911: 910: 909: 900: 899:Haddock Force 897: 896: 895: 892: 890: 889: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 871: 870: 866: 865: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 830: 829: 828: 827: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 804: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 789: 788: 787: 786: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 740: 739: 738: 737: 730: 729:Schuster Line 727: 726: 725: 724: 723: 716: 715: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 695: 694: 693: 687: 682: 672: 667: 665: 660: 658: 653: 652: 649: 635: 619: 610: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 578: 574: 571: 566: 560: 554: 548: 543: 533: 522: 521:United States 518: 513: 507:2,460 wounded 502: 498: 497:Ground forces 495: 494: 489: 485: 484: 479: 478: 467: 462: 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 438: 10,500 433: 430:74 squadrons 428: 427: 414: 411: 410: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 371: 370: 369: 364: 358: 353: 347: 346: 341: 335: 330: 325: 323: 318: 313: 312: 310: 305: 300: 295: 293: 288: 283: 281: 276: 271: 269: 264: 259: 257: 252: 247: 246: 244: 243: 238: 234: 222: 217: 207: 205: 195: 193: 192:United States 182: 180: 169: 167: 156: 154: 143: 142: 140: 139: 134: 126: 123: 122: 117: 87: 83: 80: 79: 75: 72: 71: 67: 63: 62:Daimler Dingo 57: 52: 49: 45: 44:Western Front 40: 35: 30: 19: 10047:Bibliography 10030: 9843:Project Hula 9808:Vistula–Oder 9777: 9710: 9701: 9685: 9655: 9604: 9588: 9579: 9570: 9536: 9433: 9348: 9325: 9324: 9294: 9045: 8938: 8883:North Africa 8585:Soviet Union 8539:Soviet Union 8465:Soviet Union 8233:Vatican City 8143:Vichy France 8048:German Reich 7945:Soviet Union 7931:South Africa 7924:Sierra Leone 7877:Newfoundland 7696:Participants 7679:Marocchinate 7383: 7374: 7344: 7222:North Africa 7183:Indian Ocean 7042:Nazi plunder 6933:Cryptography 6806:World War II 6744: 6739:Twin Pimples 6732: 6725: 6718: 6711: 6704: 6699:Sidi Haneish 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6530: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6454: 6447: 6440: 6433: 6426: 6419: 6412: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6287:Cold Comfort 6286: 6279: 6272: 6265: 6260:Litani River 6253: 6246: 6229: 6222: 6215: 6208: 6201: 6194: 6187: 6180: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6131: 6124: 6117: 6110: 6103: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6075: 5976: 5926: 5909: 5895: 5873: 5865: 5849: 5824: 5805: 5779: 5762: 5760:Weal, John. 5746: 5735:. Retrieved 5723: 5703: 5692:. Retrieved 5679: 5667: 5639: 5620: 5595: 5591: 5574: 5570: 5562: 5545: 5526: 5508: 5480: 5464: 5461:Król, Wacław 5446: 5431: 5416: 5402: 5384: 5368: 5350: 5334: 5327: 5312: 5305: 5289: 5273: 5272:Copp, Terry 5266: 5248: 5232: 5217: 5199: 5169: 5165: 5149: 5132: 5120: 5111: 5101: 5089:. Retrieved 5083: 5070: 5061: 5049:. Retrieved 5043: 5034: 5025: 5017:The Observer 5016: 5006: 4979: 4973: 4964: 4948:Historic UK. 4947: 4939: 4930: 4910: 4904: 4899:Roskill 1964 4895: 4886: 4877: 4868: 4859: 4850: 4840: 4832: 4822: 4815: 4808:Daily Record 4807: 4780: 4771: 4752: 4746: 4734: 4722:. 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Retrieved 3595: 3585: 3566: 3560: 3552: 3544: 3536: 3532:Herd, Alex. 3497:Global News, 3496: 3457: 3429: 3420: 3411: 3402: 3390: 3380: 3371: 3354: 3317: 3298: 3283:Beach Comber 3272: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3245: 3233: 3212: 3156:Inscription 3150:Description 3126: 3124: 3116: 3108: 3068: 3057: 3034:Leonard Dawe 3027: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3005: 3001: 2993: 2972:Fifth Column 2964: 2932: 2922: 2878: 2868: 2840: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2802: 2795: 2791: 2762: 2750: 2746: 2722: 2709: 2705: 2683: 2673:Konrad Haase 2669: 2601: 2598: 2579: 2566:614 Squadron 2543: 2535: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2500: 2471:emplacements 2462: 2435: 2432:James Leasor 2429: 2425:cyanide pill 2415: 2387: 2373: 2330: 2321:Orange beach 2287: 2282: 2278: 2269: 2244:Yellow beach 2236: 2229: 2216:Varengeville 2213: 2192:minesweepers 2184: 2175:Dornier 217s 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2132: 2102: 2094: 2068: 2065:Intelligence 2054:RAF Thruxton 2039:226 Squadron 2031:East Anglian 2027:107 Squadron 2013:On 29 June, 2012: 1998: 1991: 1985: 1948:RAF Uxbridge 1945: 1930:Mustang Mk I 1897: 1867: 1858: 1831: 1780: 1748: 1696: 1684: 1672: 1664:Soviet Union 1661: 1648: 1634: 1626:Denis Healey 1616: 1611: 1607: 1596: 1592: 1577: 1570: 1566: 1531: 1500: 1482:. 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5481:Green Beach 5326:Ford, Ken. 5143:Works cited 4739:Stacey 1956 4693:"No. 35729" 4653:Franks 1998 4485:raf.mod.uk, 4264:Bowyer 1979 4124:"No. 35730" 4104:"No. 35729" 4081:"No. 35729" 4036:Bowyer 1979 3852:Green Beach 3707:27 November 3553:history.net 3435:John Buchan 3285:, a famous 3166:Currie Hall 3164:Sir Arthur 3131:Sudetenland 3079:Ian Fleming 2919:Adrian Cole 2594:RAF Gatwick 2562:13 Squadron 2436:Green Beach 2384:Green Beach 2029:from their 2023:88 Squadron 1960:RAF Cheadle 1900:attritional 1729:département 1668:German Army 1602:Roger Keyes 1597:Illustrious 1339:Mountbatten 1260:Dieppe Raid 1115:Blockbuster 1023:Netherlands 978:Dieppe Raid 773:Afsluitdijk 698:River Forth 535:1 destroyer 529:3 captured 505:907 killed 454:10 Commando 394:40 Commando 389:30 Commando 384:10 Commando 179:Free France 111: / 37:Dieppe Raid 18:Dieppe raid 10092:Categories 9878:West Hunan 9711:Pointblank 9047:Silver Fox 9033:Summer War 8786:Winter War 8765:Phoney War 8546:Azerbaijan 8507:Yugoslavia 8402:Luxembourg 8244:Resistance 7991:Yugoslavia 7856:Luxembourg 7658:Sook Ching 7454:War crimes 7056:Technology 7049:Opposition 6991:Lend-Lease 6968:Australian 6961:Home front 6919:Blitzkrieg 6869:Casualties 6860:Commanders 6832:Operations 6672:Roundabout 6637:Postmaster 6476:Gunnerside 6427:Fahrenheit 6090:Ambassador 6076:Abstention 5689:1113687432 4998:1159041048 4632:Smith 2010 3445:References 3366:of the RAF 3347:ORP Ślązak 3287:war pigeon 3119:Eric Grove 3083:James Bond 2941:classified 2803:Albrighton 2772:Casualties 2362:Blue beach 2333:Lord Lovat 2294:Chain Home 2230:Brocklesby 2145:(JG2) and 2021:each from 1970:(W/T) and 1956:Y-stations 1864:battleship 1691:Royal Navy 1651:Eisenhower 1515:Stalingrad 1476:department 1346:Background 1122:Lumberjack 992:Baby Blitz 957:Donnerkeil 915:Kanalkampf 838:Montcornet 743:Maastricht 722:Luxembourg 692:Phoney War 581:311 killed 532:Royal Navy 516:247 killed 471:≈1,500 men 446:4 Commando 409:Royal Navy 379:4 Commando 374:3 Commando 304:Lord Lovat 96:49°56′00″N 9943:Manchuria 9829:Indochina 9605:Bagration 9056:Lithuania 8701:Anschluss 8498:Viet Minh 8395:Lithuania 8337:Hong Kong 8107:Manchukuo 8062:Azad Hind 7721:Australia 7521:Aftermath 7384:Paperclip 7279:Aftermath 7079:Total war 6947:Diplomacy 6910:In Europe 6712:Speedwell 6686:Saxifrage 6644:Partridge 6595:Narcissus 6581:Musketoon 6518:Infatuate 6511:Huckaback 6357:Driftwood 6343:Checkmate 6266:Candytuft 6230:Barricade 6216:Bulbasket 6153:Acid Drop 6083:Agreement 5918:929331838 5858:2051-1930 5800:(1975) , 5732:846897274 5612:237012955 5507:(2004) . 5091:4 January 4534:Rahn 2001 3450:Citations 3349:destroyer 3144:Location 2968:750 "sons 2961:Civilians 2934:Brigadier 2910:Luftwaffe 2904:Luftwaffe 2898:Luftwaffe 2891:Luftwaffe 2883:Luftwaffe 2801:HMS 2700:Luftwaffe 2694:Luftwaffe 2687:Luftwaffe 2666:at Dieppe 2644:Aftermath 2637:Luftwaffe 2615:Luftwaffe 2609:Luftwaffe 2582:Abbeville 2302:torpedoed 2228:HMS 2224:Pourville 2136:Luftwaffe 2127:Luftwaffe 2087:A German 2049:Luftwaffe 2033:bases to 1984:HMS 1940:Luftwaffe 1917:Luftwaffe 1910:Luftwaffe 1857:HMS 1615:HMS 1595:HMS 1460:Luftwaffe 1454:Luftwaffe 1444:Luftwaffe 1438:Luftwaffe 1431:Luftwaffe 1423:Mk V and 1409:Luftwaffe 1403:Luftwaffe 1389:Luftwaffe 1373:divisions 1309:Luftwaffe 1222:The Blitz 1205:Nuremberg 1200:Heilbronn 1185:Frankfurt 1170:Paderborn 1148:Undertone 1101:Veritable 1094:Blackcock 986:1944–1945 943:1941–1943 877:Abbeville 758:Rotterdam 753:The Hague 596:Luftwaffe 577:Wehrmacht 527:5 wounded 477:Luftwaffe 368:Commandos 99:1°05′00″E 10054:Category 10003:document 9913:document 9770:Ardennes 9754:Budapest 9702:Crossbow 9580:Overlord 9419:Smolensk 8637:Timeline 8472:Slovakia 8458:Thailand 8309:Ethiopia 8274:Bulgaria 8198:Portugal 8136:Thailand 8018:Bulgaria 7796:Eswatini 7789:Ethiopia 7742:Bulgaria 7567:Unit 731 7528:Response 7345:Keelhaul 7295:Cold War 7268:Americas 7259:timeline 7252:Atlantic 7132:Theaters 6719:Tarbrush 6588:Myrmidon 6553:Keystone 6497:Hawthorn 6483:Hardtack 6462:Gauntlet 6420:Freshman 6413:Frankton 6399:Exporter 6385:Deep Cut 6329:Crackers 6301:Colossus 6280:Claymore 6273:Chestnut 6254:Branford 6241:Hill 170 6167:Astrakan 6111:Aquatint 6027:Timeline 5960:Archived 5661:Archived 5486:Archived 5133:CBC News 5078:(1942). 4801:Archived 4610:, p. 250 4578:Archived 4478:Archived 4227:Archived 4205:Archived 3857:Archived 3490:Archived 3277:See also 3106:target. 2796:Berkeley 2734:Surprise 2649:Analyses 2552:Bismarck 2505:and the 2279:Goebbels 2196:Newhaven 2035:RAF Ford 1992:Berkeley 1926:11 Group 1879:Air plan 1862:and the 1843:to risk 1638:Bridport 1582:C.I.G.S. 1527:Red Army 1377:Le Havre 1276:infantry 1190:Würzburg 1069:2nd Alps 1063:Nordwind 1005:Chastity 998:Overlord 950:Cerberus 936:Sea Lion 920:Adlertag 894:1st Alps 853:Boulogne 809:Gembloux 714:Wikinger 567:fighters 555:fighters 549:fighters 525:3 killed 343:Strength 88:, France 81:Location 9980:Shumshu 9747:Hungary 9694:Estonia 9678:Lapland 9656:Dragoon 9589:Neptune 9571:Ichi-Go 9537:Tempest 9479:Changde 9434:Cottage 9326:Jubilee 9042:Finland 8940:Compass 8646:Prelude 8599:Finland 8485:Vietnam 8451:Romania 8323:Germany 8302:Estonia 8288:Denmark 8267:Belgium 8260:Austria 8253:Albania 8184:Ireland 8170:Andorra 8154:Neutral 8121:Romania 8055:Hungary 8040:Finland 7912:Romania 7804:Finland 7782:Denmark 7728:Belgium 7714:Algeria 7420:Romania 7406:Hungary 7162:Pacific 6886:General 6840:Leaders 6825:Battles 6818:Outline 6745:Wallace 6733:Tombola 6705:Sunstar 6693:Savanna 6679:Rumford 6630:Opossum 6574:Manacle 6532:Jubilee 6525:Jaywick 6448:Foxrock 6441:Farrier 6406:Flipper 6378:Dunhill 6350:Chopper 6315:Chariot 6308:Cartoon 6247:Bristle 6209:Begonia 6160:Albumen 6139:Archway 6132:Amherst 6104:Archery 5737:19 June 5694:19 June 5129:(Video) 5051:4 March 3602:23 June 3360:No. 310 3341:of the 3323:No. 302 3159:Window 2604:sorties 2546:Bostons 2298:S-boats 2258:Unlike 2188:England 2115:reserve 2015:2 Group 2003:2 Group 1859:Repulse 1706:Prelude 1375:around 1359:of the 1258:or the 1210:Hamburg 1180:TF Baum 1162:Varsity 1155:Plunder 1133:Cologne 1128:Remagen 1108:Grenade 1086:Germany 1052:Scheldt 1012:Dragoon 908:Britain 863:Dunkirk 785:Belgium 763:Zeeland 591:UJ-1404 573:Germany 561:bombers 233:Germany 46:of the 10148:Dieppe 10068:Portal 9957:Debate 9929:Taipei 9922:Borneo 9500:Tarawa 8694:Europe 8655:Africa 8444:Poland 8430:Norway 8409:Malaya 8388:Latvia 8330:Greece 8316:France 8212:Sweden 8177:Bhutan 7905:Poland 7891:Norway 7863:Mexico 7830:Greece 7816:France 7754:Canada 7735:Brazil 7705:Allies 7651:Serbia 7640:Poland 7413:Poland 7399:Baltic 7192:Europe 6894:Topics 6846:Allied 6651:Pistol 6616:Nicety 6609:Newton 6602:Nelson 6560:Loyton 6546:Kitbag 6469:Grouse 6434:Forfar 6322:Canuck 6294:Collar 6236:Bardia 6223:Brandy 6202:Batman 6195:Bigamy 6188:Biting 6181:Basalt 6174:Baobab 6118:Aflame 6097:Anklet 5977:Slazak 5933: 5916: 5880: 5856: 5831: 5812: 5786: 5771: 5753: 5730: 5710: 5687: 5646: 5627: 5610: 5554: 5536: 5515: 5496: 5471: 5453: 5438: 5423: 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IEG 3309:Notes 3241:padre 3178:1968 3147:Date 3075:pinch 2923:Calpe 2497:surf. 2264:No. 3 2194:from 1986:Calpe 1617:Kelly 1449:Ultra 1334:D-Day 1057:Bulge 1046:Queen 888:Paula 882:Lille 848:Arras 833:Sedan 803:David 9799:1945 9527:1944 9368:1943 9296:Blue 9286:Attu 9193:1942 8952:1941 8804:1940 8742:1939 8671:Asia 8518:POWs 8358:Jews 8076:Iraq 8002:Axis 7952:Tuva 7768:Cuba 6853:Axis 6623:Noah 6455:Gaff 5931:ISBN 5914:OCLC 5878:ISBN 5854:ISSN 5829:ISBN 5810:ISBN 5784:ISBN 5769:ISBN 5751:ISBN 5739:2020 5728:OCLC 5708:ISBN 5696:2020 5685:OCLC 5644:ISBN 5625:ISBN 5552:ISBN 5534:ISBN 5513:ISBN 5494:ISBN 5469:ISBN 5451:ISBN 5436:ISBN 5421:ISBN 5407:ISBN 5389:ISBN 5373:ISBN 5355:ISBN 5339:ISBN 5317:ISBN 5296:ISBN 5278:ISBN 5253:ISBN 5237:ISBN 5222:ISBN 5204:ISBN 5174:ISBN 5154:ISBN 5093:2019 5053:2020 4994:OCLC 4984:ISBN 4915:ISBN 4757:ISBN 4726:2019 4600:ISBN 3865:ISBN 3709:2020 3604:2021 3571:ISBN 3362:and 3337:and 2950:Sark 2684:The 2624:Fish 2572:FlaK 2527:Bill 2525:and 2523:Bert 2342:Hess 2235:ORP 2233:and 2133:The 2089:MG34 2079:Army 2025:and 1989:and 1962:and 1903:the 1892:and 1852:the 1850:sunk 1774:and 1697:The 1494:and 1484:Scie 1305:The 1175:Ruhr 748:Mill 703:Saar 593:sunk 480:and 448:and 73:Date 6539:J V 5600:doi 5579:doi 5575:109 4300:XII 4174:BBC 3923:BBC 3335:308 3331:306 3327:303 3101:at 3046:MI5 2996:BBC 2948:on 1958:at 1732:of 604:25 599:23 563:10 551:20 545:64 452:to 10094:: 9547:/ 5894:, 5804:, 5796:; 5722:. 5606:. 5596:29 5594:. 5573:. 5463:. 5131:. 5110:. 5082:. 5042:. 5015:. 4992:. 4955:^ 4789:^ 4716:. 4695:. 4624:^ 4566:^ 4519:, 4429:^ 4408:^ 4387:^ 4344:^ 4311:^ 4298:, 4294:, 4280:^ 4249:. 4126:. 4106:. 4095:^ 4083:. 3998:^ 3888:^ 3830:^ 3813:^ 3700:. 3655:^ 3637:^ 3621:^ 3594:. 3525:^ 3504:^ 3478:^ 3466:^ 3333:, 3329:, 3325:, 3239:, 3172:, 3168:, 2976:Fr 2358:. 2262:, 2218:– 2206:. 2177:. 1875:. 1766:, 1762:, 1758:, 1517:. 1302:. 557:6 435:c. 10070:: 9050:) 9044:( 7918:) 7914:( 7850:) 7846:( 7810:) 7806:( 7748:) 7744:( 6798:e 6791:t 6784:v 6056:e 6049:t 6042:v 5939:. 5920:. 5886:. 5860:. 5775:. 5765:. 5757:. 5714:. 5652:. 5633:. 5614:. 5602:: 5585:. 5581:: 5558:. 5548:. 5540:. 5521:. 5500:. 5483:. 5475:. 5457:. 5427:. 5379:. 5363:. 5345:. 5323:. 5292:. 5284:. 5261:. 5243:. 5228:. 5212:. 5191:. 5182:. 5160:. 5095:. 5055:. 5019:. 5000:. 4923:. 4765:. 4728:. 4608:. 4253:. 3871:. 3854:. 3711:. 3606:. 3579:. 3302:, 670:e 663:t 656:v 579:: 523:: 514:: 503:: 20:)

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