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In the late Middle Ages, the new craft of book printing would be established in the vicinity of universities, and the printers – who, at the time, had no old traditions of their own – would borrow the custom of deposition. The deposition of book printers was abolished in 1803 because of the excesses.
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Normally a party would be held at the expense of the newly matriculated student or students, which would obviously be a significant burden for them. This custom was maintained even after the deposition had been abolished and would often be used excessively, leading to the prohibition of forcing the
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sticking out of his mouth. He would then have to listen to a speech about his own unworthiness. The animal-like traits would then be knocked off with the help of over-sized tools. The body of the student would be additionally abused, symbolizing the cleansing and beautification. During the process
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A basis for the deposition was the idea that the arriving student was still wild and unpolished before their immatriculation – like an animal – and had to be relieved of the signs of their uncivilised state before they could be accepted as part of the university. The student only had to go through
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The deposition consisted of scolding, in which the unworthiness of the new student would be clarified to them, in ritualistic removal of animal-like artificial body parts with the help of over-dimensioned tools, as well as beating and other abuse, which would have the function of a purification
348:
was the pedell
Johannes Georg Schimmelpfeng (1697–1785). In Jena, the deposition was abolished after the death of the last depositor in 1785. At the University of Leipzig, the deposition was prohibited by 1719, because of the excesses of the students.
340:
In the 18th century, the responsibilities and duties of the depositor were still included in the statutes of a university determined by the ruler of the country. There were also detailed prescriptions on how to keep the tools.
234:, the tools used in the deposition ritual are still preserved and kept in the art collection. The tools include those used for knocking off or polishing away the animal-like parts (
436:
Herausgegeben von
Hoffmann von Fallersleben und Oskar Schade. Sechster Band. Zweites Heft. Hannover, 241-416 (Chapter: Die Deposition auf den Universitäten, 315-369).
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In the speeches at the ritual, models from classical antiquity for the deposition process would be cited. Reference would be made to the examination of the
487:
Mag.Joh.Dinkel, "Rede ĂĽber
Ursprung, GrĂĽnde, Vorbild und Zeremonien des Ritus, der in den (hohen) Schulen allgemein Deposition genannt wird", Erfurt 1569
333:. It was during the Early Modern period that the custom of deposition slowly deteriorated into a farce. The position of depositor was taken over by the "
447:
Deposition, wie solche bey
Annehmung und Bestättigung eines Jungen-Gesellens, der die löbliche Kunst der Buchdruckerey redlich erlernet, verrichtet wird
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After this, examinations would be carried out, and additional speeches of admonition would be held. Finally, the leader of the ritual would put
54:
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of the
Faculty of Arts (later called the Faculty of Philosophy) would take over the task. In this faculty, the basic scholarly concepts (
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Marian FĂĽssel, Riten der Gewalt. Zur
Geschichte der akademischen Deposition und des Pennalismus in der frĂĽhen Neuzeit, in :
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until the 18th century. The ritual was introduced at German universities in the late 15th century, probably from the influential
453:= Das Postulat der Buchdrucker. Abdruck einer älteren Original-Handschrift nebst einer Vorerinnerung. Frankfurt am Main 1921 .
337:"; at the end of the 17th century, he would still demonstrate the tools and make out the deposition certificate for a fee.
387:
Beiträge zum historischen
Studentenleben an der Universität Jena. Jena 1991 (Jenaer Reden und Schriften 1991), 122-132.
501:
392:
204:("animal of the field") and outfitted correspondingly. He would have to don a hood with horns and put the teeth of a
76:
47:
491:
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In the Middle Ages, the deposition was led by the Rector, as the students in question would live and study under
482:("Zwei Reden, Ăśber den Ritus und die Vorgehensweise bei der Deposition der Beane"), StraĂźburg 1680 (Facsimile)
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Böse Bilder aus der kuriosen
Geschichte der Hochschulen, herausgegeben von Michael Klant. Hannover 1984. .
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321:) were taught. The teachers and the Dean were, as a rule, students in the "higher" faculties of
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After the payment of the relevant fee, an entrance examination would follow, carried out by a
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From 1682 onwards, the students would only be shown the deposition instruments (leaf from a
89:
311:, as the schools lost their ecclesiastical character and their finances were reduced, the
8:
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Gutenberg’s Jünger taufen nass –Über
Buchdrucker und ihre Nachbarschaft zur Universität
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wood-working tools would be used, as the student still was an "uncouth man" (German
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the deposition once in their life; they would receive a deposition certificate ("
197:
510:
432:
Schade, Oskar (1857): Ăśber JĂĽnglingsweihen. Ein
Beitrag zur Sittenkunde, in:
401:
Jahrbuch 1969 des Vereins fĂĽr Corpsstudentische Geschichtsforschung, 120-136
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151:) which they could need to approve their transfer to another university.
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Universität Leipzig - Studentisches Leben - Deposition und Pennalismus
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258:). Injuries to new students were common with the use of these tools.
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The arriving student would in the Middle Ages be known by the term
167:
411:
W Fabricius, Die Deposition in Marburg, in: Ernst Elster (Hrsg.),
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Deposition: Polishing off the horns. Woodcut from the 16th century
251:
170:
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Weimarisches Jahrbuch fĂĽr Deutsche Sprache Litteratur und Kunst.
200:"). The beanus would be treated by his new fellow students as a
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134:, where apprentices were admitted to the status of journeymen.
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277:, "wine of joy") and declare him free of his "beanism".
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Orationes duae, De ritu et modo depositionis beanorum
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Erich Bauer, Zur Deposition und ihrer Symbolik, in:
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Festzeitung Philipps-Universität Marburg 1527-1927.
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358:A reminder of it still exists in the custom of
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
464:Norbert Nail, Ăśber den akademischen Brauch der
295:
292:new students to participate in these parties.
110:, "taking off the horns") was a semi-official
383:Leni Arnold, Die akademische Deposition, in:
449:, Giessen; GĂĽtersloh 1960. - other Titel:
492:Pennalismus und Deposition in GieĂźen (pdf)
408:(Depositio cornuum). Frankfurt a. M. 1895.
429:. Bd. 2. Stuttgart; Weimar 2005, 924-927.
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
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162:youth, to the customs of the Academy of
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445:Friedrich Wilhelm Weitershaus (Hrsg.),
166:, and the water consecration among the
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16:Former ritual in European universities
420:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Historische Forschung
254:brush, shaving cream, shaving knife,
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440:Die Universität in der Karikatur.
497:s. v. Cornut, Deponiren, Hänseln
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344:The last known depositor at the
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425:Ulrich Rasche, Deposition, in:
284:, and the matriculation by the
126:. Models may have included the
451:Depositio Cornuti Typographici
196:, "yellow beak" (cf. English "
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250:), and for personal hygiene (
265:in the mouth of the beanus (
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296:Duties and responsibilities
118:throughout Europe from the
114:ritual which was common at
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406:Die Akademische Deposition
269:, "salt of wisdom"), pour
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478:Johann Albert Dolhopff,
427:Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit
422:32, H. 4, 2005, 605-648.
32:This article includes a
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318:septem artes liberales
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346:University of Marburg
304:-like circumstances.
232:University of Leipzig
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404:Wilhelm Fabricius,
309:Early Modern period
288:of the university.
189:, derived from the
124:University of Paris
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130:ritual in artisan
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226:from Jena, 1740).
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108:depositio cornuum
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517:Rites of passage
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399:Einst und Jetzt.
385:Jena soll leben.
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202:pecus campi
120:Middle Ages
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468:in Marburg
466:Deposition
378:References
244:grindstone
211:ungehobelt
112:initiation
100:deposition
360:Gautschen
302:monastery
282:professor
256:ear spoon
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198:greenhorn
194:bec jaune
175:Antiquity
366:See also
327:theology
323:medicine
173:of Late
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168:Athenian
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307:In the
252:shaving
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181:Process
160:Spartan
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335:pedell
286:rector
240:pliers
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164:Plato
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