293:
102:, crime still occurs in various forms. The Chinese government does not release exact unified statistics on crime rates and the rate of criminal offending due to such information being considered politically and socially sensitive. Scarce official statistics released are the subject of much academic debate due to allegations of statistical fabrication, under-reporting and corruption. The illegal drug trade in China is a significant driver of violent crime, including murder.
1702:
1712:
416:. Growing domestic drug abuse is a significant problem in PRC. Available estimates place the domestic spending on illegal drugs to be $ 17 billion. Drug abuse has spread rapidly in China since its re-emergence as a national problem in the late 1980s. China's drug problem doesn't seem to be abating much. After some years of progress in the mid-2000s, the Chinese government is now acknowledging that the country has a long way to go in controlling.
441:
In 2015, the
Chinese government enacted the Anti-domestic Violence Law. In China, there is an ongoing issue that often remains unnoticed: domestic violence. Approximately 40% of women in China face domestic violence, and an alarming 10% of homicides in the country stem from intimate partner violence.
277:
Crime by youth increased rapidly in the 1980s. Crime by youths consisted 60.2% of total crime in 1983, 63.3% in 1984, 71.4% in 1985, 72.4% in 1986, and 74.3% in 1987. The number of fleeing criminals increased over the years. Economic crimes have increased in recent years. From 1982 to 1988, the total
134:
Government officials also engaged in illegal economic activity, which included improperly taking public property and accepting bribes. Between 1957 and 1965, rural areas experienced little reported crime. Crime rates increased later. The year 1981 represented a peak in reported crime. This may have
110:
A distinguishing feature of the Qin empire was its treatment of criminals: harsh but careful and fair. Succeeding dynasties moderated the law in various ways. In Ming times, commercialization and urbanization meant that scams abounded.
123:. During this time, the new government worked to decrease the influence of criminal gangs and reduce the prevalence of narcotics and gambling. Efforts to crack down on criminal activity by the government led to a decrease in crime.
346:
There are instances of human trafficking reported in China for various purposes. The majority of trafficking in PRC is internal, and this domestic trafficking is the most significant human trafficking problem in the country.
126:
Between 1949 and 1956, larceny, arson, rape, murder, and robbery were major nonpolitical offenses. The majority of economic crimes were committed by business people who engaged in tax evasion, theft of public property, and
1667:
1677:
2742:
3379:
442:
These distressing occurrences persist despite legal measures against domestic violence, primarily due to the deeply entrenched patriarchal norms ingrained within
Chinese society.
314:
In 2011, the reported murder rate in China was 1.0 per 100,000 people, with 13,410 murders. The murder rate in 2018 was 0.5. The reported murder rates have been criticized for
1426:
3527:
1672:
464:
1631:
1075:
830:
1641:
2635:
1586:
115:
who disposed of stolen goods thrived. The People's
Republic of China was established in 1949 and, from 1949 to 1956, underwent the process of transferring the
2979:
2674:
1596:
1571:
1486:
1416:
3668:
2782:
1626:
1511:
2707:
2593:
1496:
858:
2598:
1396:
1105:
1006:
2657:
1566:
1221:
572:
Charles Sanft, “Law and
Communication in Qin and Western Han China,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53.5 (2010): 679-711.
549:
286:
143:
and gave rise to an increase in economic activity. Below is a comparison of reported cases of crime from 1977 to 1988 (excluding economic crimes):
1446:
886:
3203:
2861:
2098:
1822:
285:. The changes in economic policy had an influence on the characteristics of criminality. Since the Second Plenary Session of the Eleventh
2108:
1247:
2438:
1817:
374:. Chinese men are smuggled to countries throughout the world for exploitative labor. Women and children are trafficked into PRC from
2777:
2762:
2662:
2519:
2477:
332:
Corruption exists in China. Between 1978 and 2003, an estimated $ 50 billion was smuggled out of the country by corrupt officials.
1134:
1616:
1343:
3532:
2683:
2011:
1748:
485:
3384:
2772:
1834:
1812:
702:
3019:
2752:
2249:
1067:
619:
Wang, Peng (2013). "The increasing threat of
Chinese organised crime: national, regional and international perspectives".
2747:
2118:
1867:
455:
From
January to July 1996, approximately 300,000 illegal small arms were seized from fourteen provinces of the country.
2647:
2482:
1862:
581:
Zhang Yingyu, The Book of
Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017)
1185:
928:
Wang, Peng (2013). "The rise of the Red Mafia in China: a case study of organised crime and corruption in
Chongqing".
2492:
2469:
2433:
2289:
2284:
2081:
1591:
1309:
814:
786:
754:
674:
603:
3460:
3455:
3230:
2767:
2423:
1829:
500:
431:
413:
3450:
3198:
2942:
2871:
2428:
2156:
2123:
1996:
1804:
1636:
1222:"China - Anti-domestic Violence Law of the People's Republic of China (Order No. 37 of the President of the PRC)"
1157:
3507:
3147:
281:
In 1989, a total of 76,758 cases of economic offenses were registered, which included bribery, smuggling, and
2630:
2620:
2418:
2413:
851:
3630:
3625:
3037:
2350:
2296:
2264:
2091:
525:
1097:
3537:
3415:
3400:
3007:
2964:
2900:
2883:
2757:
2279:
2026:
1789:
1336:
998:
403:
354:. Women are lured through false promises of legitimate employment into commercial sexual exploitation in
3052:
2932:
2688:
2642:
2625:
2608:
2355:
2319:
2166:
1741:
425:
341:
883:
3655:
3247:
3071:
2952:
2905:
2849:
2314:
2259:
1986:
1872:
1799:
3613:
3242:
3188:
3113:
2789:
2724:
2566:
2549:
2527:
2360:
2335:
2274:
2176:
1929:
1844:
1536:
1358:
480:
351:
1946:
3734:
3663:
3445:
3161:
3047:
3042:
2947:
2922:
2866:
2700:
2652:
2487:
2408:
2403:
2345:
2269:
2254:
2113:
1894:
505:
136:
2068:
3618:
3425:
3259:
3215:
3193:
2890:
2340:
2244:
2051:
1794:
1329:
1272:
3608:
3603:
3558:
3494:
3405:
3108:
3057:
2995:
2717:
2554:
2542:
2532:
2301:
1934:
1734:
1551:
1506:
490:
963:
Wedeman, Andrew (2013). "The challenge of commercial bribery and organized crime in China".
3334:
3282:
3142:
2937:
2912:
2839:
2834:
2669:
2561:
2537:
2395:
1877:
1476:
1471:
1366:
112:
1041:
8:
3635:
3480:
3374:
3369:
3339:
3297:
3220:
3183:
3103:
3088:
2917:
2878:
2585:
2199:
2103:
1854:
1656:
1466:
1386:
1376:
327:
292:
116:
3522:
3517:
3502:
3354:
3322:
3317:
3210:
3132:
3120:
3029:
2695:
2615:
2603:
2571:
2226:
2221:
2139:
1839:
1682:
1561:
1556:
1436:
1046:
980:
945:
636:
495:
475:
465:
List_of_Chinese_criminal_organizations § Currently_active_groups_in_Mainland_China
434:
compiled survey results to show that thirty percent of the women in China experienced
3581:
3573:
3287:
3154:
3125:
3083:
3012:
2969:
2927:
2794:
2734:
2506:
2443:
2305:
2086:
2056:
1882:
1711:
1576:
1531:
1501:
1401:
1305:
984:
949:
903:
810:
782:
750:
698:
670:
640:
599:
435:
1248:"Shocking cases of domestic violence are leading young Chinese to question marriage"
1126:
3699:
3692:
3591:
3586:
3512:
3440:
3359:
3274:
3264:
3235:
3171:
3166:
3000:
2974:
2959:
2844:
2822:
2806:
2712:
2161:
2151:
1991:
1784:
1769:
1761:
1601:
1516:
1381:
1371:
1297:
972:
937:
628:
120:
3307:
3302:
3225:
3176:
3137:
2801:
2383:
2189:
2076:
1646:
1581:
1546:
1481:
1461:
1451:
1411:
1391:
976:
890:
632:
318:
unsolved murders due to police salaries being based on the rate of solved cases.
315:
3708:
3640:
3563:
3410:
3364:
3349:
3344:
3327:
3312:
2453:
2448:
2378:
1964:
1687:
1606:
1541:
1521:
1456:
1431:
1421:
804:
776:
744:
664:
593:
140:
941:
3728:
3673:
3420:
3254:
3093:
2895:
2216:
2204:
2046:
1907:
1705:
1526:
1491:
1441:
550:"Getting away with murder: lies, damned lies, and Chinese police statistics"
3713:
3598:
3470:
3435:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2006:
1924:
1919:
1181:
3292:
2209:
2194:
2001:
1959:
1954:
1902:
1715:
383:
282:
3465:
2373:
2184:
1912:
1182:"Draft of anti-domestic violence is pushed to Chinese People's council"
3475:
3430:
2368:
2309:
3550:
3543:
2856:
375:
367:
363:
359:
69:
34:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1726:
391:
297:
128:
54:
1321:
1295:
3645:
857:. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2013. p. 127.
409:
387:
355:
1757:
379:
371:
99:
805:
Hans-GĂĽnther
Heiland; Louise I. Shelley; Hisao KatĹŤ (1992).
777:
Hans-GĂĽnther
Heiland; Louise I. Shelley; Hisao KatĹŤ (1992).
745:
Hans-GĂĽnther Heiland; Louise I. Shelley; Hisao KatĹŤ (1992).
665:
Hans-GĂĽnther Heiland; Louise I. Shelley; Hisao KatĹŤ (1992).
594:
Hans-GĂĽnther Heiland; Louise I. Shelley; Hisao KatĹŤ (1992).
350:
Domestic and transnational criminal organizations carry out
1302:
China Off Center: Mapping the Margins of the Middle Kingdom
44:
1068:"Vietnam's Human Trafficking Problem Is Too Big to Ignore"
430:
China has a high rate of domestic violence. In 2004, the
1133:. Federation of American Scientists. December 2000.
458:
86:*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.
904:"Reality Check: How safe is it to live in China?"
3726:
1210:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 100–102.
287:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
3393:
1742:
1337:
1273:"Chinese Courts Want Abused Women to Shut Up"
807:Crime and Control in Comparative Perspectives
779:Crime and Control in Comparative Perspectives
747:Crime and Control in Comparative Perspectives
667:Crime and Control in Comparative Perspectives
596:Crime and Control in Comparative Perspectives
692:
234:Incidents of criminal case per 10,000 people
1174:
1098:"2018 Trafficking in Persons Report: China"
999:"4,000 corrupt officials fled with US$ 50b"
1749:
1735:
1344:
1330:
1304:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 29.
800:
798:
772:
770:
768:
766:
740:
738:
736:
734:
1289:
1158:"The war on drugs puts a target on China"
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
589:
587:
1270:
697:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 64.
695:Crime, Punishment, and Policing in China
688:
686:
291:
278:number of economic crimes were 218,000.
1208:Domestic violence: a reference handbook
1127:"International Crime Threat Assessment"
962:
795:
763:
526:"The puzzle of China's low crime rates"
408:PRC is a major transshipment point for
3727:
2684:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
1078:from the original on December 18, 2019
1021:
884:The puzzle of China's low crime rates.
831:"China Number of homicides, 1990-2021"
711:
647:
584:
486:List of Chinese criminal organizations
289:, crime has increased and diversified.
1730:
1325:
1205:
1199:
1009:from the original on 10 November 2014
683:
394:for forced labor and sexual slavery.
1155:
1137:from the original on 26 October 2012
927:
864:from the original on 3 November 2014
618:
419:
335:
3380:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
1245:
139:, which allowed some elements of a
13:
2518:
1756:
809:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 249.
781:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 246.
749:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 245.
669:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 242.
598:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 241.
14:
3746:
2675:Political Consultative Conference
1351:
1102:United States Department of State
459:Organised crime in Mainland China
445:
137:economic reform in the late 1970s
3461:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
3456:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
1710:
1701:
1700:
1271:Antonova, Natalia (2023-05-27).
501:List of rampage killers in China
304:
3451:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
2648:Political parties and movements
2012:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
1997:Northern and Southern dynasties
1264:
1239:
1214:
1188:from the original on 2015-07-11
1149:
1119:
1108:from the original on 2020-03-18
1090:
1060:
1005:. China Daily. 18 August 2004.
991:
956:
921:
896:
893:2018-10-25. Accessed 2019-09-05
876:
844:
823:
450:
1668:British Indian Ocean Territory
612:
575:
566:
542:
518:
1:
965:Journal of Contemporary China
511:
397:
321:
2753:Ministry of National Defense
2092:Chinese Communist Revolution
1042:"CIA World Factbook - China"
977:10.1080/10670564.2012.716942
633:10.1080/03071847.2013.826492
432:All-China Women’s Federation
7:
3416:Flowers of the Four Seasons
3401:Four Treasures of the Study
3020:Water supply and sanitation
2748:Central Military Commission
2743:Outline of military history
2493:Province-level subdivisions
1206:McCue, Margi Laird (2008).
1156:Kine, Phelim (2022-02-07).
469:
404:Illegal drug trade in China
10:
3751:
2689:Primary stage of socialism
2631:National People's Congress
2099:People's Republic of China
1246:Gan, Nectar (2023-07-01).
852:"Global Study on Homicide"
462:
426:Domestic violence in China
423:
401:
342:Human trafficking in China
339:
325:
296:Chinese police vehicle in
105:
19:People's Republic of China
3686:
3654:
3572:
3493:
3273:
3079:
3070:
3028:
2988:
2830:
2821:
2733:
2584:
2514:
2505:
2468:
2439:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
2394:
2328:
2237:
2175:
2147:
2138:
2067:
1945:
1893:
1853:
1777:
1768:
1696:
1655:
1615:
1357:
942:10.1007/s12117-012-9179-8
930:Trends in Organized Crime
309:
94:Despite a reportedly low
78:
68:
63:
53:
43:
33:
28:
23:
18:
3614:Catholic Church in China
2758:People's Liberation Army
2725:One country, two systems
1417:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
833:. knoema.com. 2022-06-17
481:Law enforcement in China
352:sex trafficking in China
3446:Four Pillars of Destiny
3231:Regional discrimination
2653:Chinese Communist Party
1678:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
506:School attacks in China
135:been correlated to the
3199:Science and technology
2872:Special economic zones
2124:persecution of Uyghurs
2052:Century of humiliation
301:
3406:Four Great Inventions
2790:People's Armed Police
1003:www.chinadaily.com.cn
693:Borge Bakken (2007).
554:www.lowyinstitute.org
491:Prostitution in China
424:Further information:
402:Further information:
340:Further information:
326:Further information:
295:
191:Total number of cases
3385:World Heritage Sites
2913:Foreign aid received
2621:Environmental policy
2419:Environmental policy
2414:Environmental issues
1592:United Arab Emirates
1074:. November 8, 2019.
438:within their homes.
3631:History of religion
3626:Freedom of religion
3481:Four Pests campaign
3426:Four Classic Novels
3038:Automotive industry
2918:Foreign aid program
2609:Pro-democratisation
2104:Cultural Revolution
1619:limited recognition
328:Corruption in China
117:means of production
24:Crime rates* (2020)
3538:Population history
3518:Internal migration
3133:Harmonious Society
3008:Telecommunications
2965:Standard of living
2884:Online advertising
2636:Standing Committee
1296:Susan Debra Blum;
1047:CIA World Factbook
889:2019-09-05 at the
496:Terrorism in China
476:Crime in Hong Kong
302:
3722:
3721:
3682:
3681:
3489:
3488:
3066:
3065:
3053:Shipping industry
2817:
2816:
2783:Strategic Support
2658:General Secretary
2643:National security
2626:Foreign relations
2580:
2579:
2501:
2500:
2464:
2463:
2167:Natural disasters
2134:
2133:
2087:Chinese Civil War
2082:Republic of China
2057:Taiping Rebellion
1930:Spring and Autumn
1835:Foreign relations
1724:
1723:
1661:other territories
704:978-0-7425-3574-9
436:domestic violence
420:Domestic violence
336:Human trafficking
275:
274:
92:
91:
3742:
3702:
3695:
3592:Tibetan Buddhism
3587:Chinese Buddhism
3441:Four Holy Beasts
3391:
3390:
3243:Social relations
3172:Standard Chinese
3167:Chinese language
3077:
3076:
2862:Economic history
2828:
2827:
2807:Maritime Militia
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2483:Border crossings
2478:Baseline islands
2173:
2172:
2145:
2144:
2109:Tiananmen Square
1992:Sixteen Kingdoms
1800:Military history
1775:
1774:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1673:Christmas Island
1359:Sovereign states
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1315:
1298:Lionel M. Jensen
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621:The RUSI Journal
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412:produced in the
146:
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121:common ownership
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15:
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3705:
3698:
3691:
3678:
3650:
3568:
3528:Life expectancy
3485:
3389:
3269:
3189:Public holidays
3177:Written Chinese
3162:Intellectualism
3114:Sex trafficking
3062:
3024:
2984:
2813:
2729:
2576:
2567:Nationality law
2550:Law enforcement
2528:Judicial system
2497:
2460:
2434:Nature reserves
2424:Protected areas
2390:
2361:Water resources
2324:
2233:
2171:
2130:
2114:Economic reform
2077:1911 Revolution
2063:
2027:Jin (1115–1234)
1941:
1889:
1849:
1764:
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1632:Northern Cyprus
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891:Wayback Machine
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592:
585:
580:
576:
571:
567:
558:
556:
548:
547:
543:
534:
532:
524:
523:
519:
514:
472:
467:
461:
453:
448:
428:
422:
414:Golden Triangle
406:
400:
344:
338:
330:
324:
316:under-reporting
312:
307:
108:
88:
87:
84:
83:
64:Property crimes
12:
11:
5:
3748:
3738:
3737:
3735:Crime in China
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3411:Four Gentlemen
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3394:Fours of China
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3043:Civil aviation
3040:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2992:
2990:
2989:Infrastructure
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:Semiconductors
2940:
2935:
2925:
2923:Historical GDP
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2701:Vice President
2693:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2429:National parks
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:Climate policy
2406:
2404:Climate change
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2310:Central Plains
2299:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Extreme points
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1965:Three Kingdoms
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1935:Warring States
1932:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1795:Historiography
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1288:
1277:Foreign Policy
1263:
1238:
1213:
1198:
1173:
1148:
1118:
1089:
1059:
1020:
990:
955:
920:
895:
875:
843:
822:
815:
794:
787:
762:
755:
710:
703:
682:
675:
646:
611:
604:
583:
574:
565:
541:
516:
515:
513:
510:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
471:
468:
460:
457:
452:
449:
447:
446:Crime dynamics
444:
421:
418:
399:
396:
337:
334:
323:
320:
311:
308:
306:
303:
273:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
141:market economy
107:
104:
90:
89:
85:
79:
76:
75:
72:
66:
65:
61:
60:
57:
51:
50:
47:
41:
40:
37:
31:
30:
29:Violent crimes
26:
25:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3747:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3619:Protestantism
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Folk religion
3602:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3508:Ethnic groups
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Four Beauties
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Urban society
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3216:Social issues
3214:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:Rural society
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:Chinese Dream
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3058:Space program
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2708:State Council
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Civil service
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:South Central
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:Jin (266–420)
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1830:Ethnic groups
1828:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:South Ossetia
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
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1398:
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1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:Crime in Asia
1347:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1313:
1311:0-8248-2577-2
1307:
1303:
1299:
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1278:
1274:
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1227:
1223:
1217:
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1187:
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1177:
1163:
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1136:
1132:
1128:
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1107:
1103:
1099:
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1049:
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1037:
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1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
986:
982:
978:
974:
971:(79): 18–34.
970:
966:
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951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
924:
909:
905:
899:
892:
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860:
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832:
826:
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816:3-11-012614-1
812:
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790:
788:3-11-012614-1
784:
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773:
771:
769:
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756:3-11-012614-1
752:
748:
741:
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729:
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723:
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689:
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676:3-11-012614-1
672:
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381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
343:
333:
329:
319:
317:
305:Crime by type
299:
294:
290:
288:
284:
279:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
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249:
246:
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82:
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67:
62:
58:
56:
52:
48:
46:
42:
38:
36:
32:
27:
22:
17:
3609:Christianity
3599:Confucianism
3559:Urbanization
3495:Demographics
3471:Gang of Four
3436:Four Symbols
3335:Martial arts
3109:Prostitution
3098:
2996:Architecture
2850:Central bank
2718:Vice Premier
2670:United front
2599:Constitution
2555:Penal system
2533:Human rights
2470:Subdivisions
2308: /
2304: /
2227:Southwestern
2222:Northwestern
1925:Western Zhou
1873:Yellow River
1823:1949–present
1657:Dependencies
1587:Turkmenistan
1552:Saudi Arabia
1406:
1301:
1291:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:
1266:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1176:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1130:
1121:
1110:. Retrieved
1101:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1072:The Diplomat
1071:
1062:
1051:. Retrieved
1045:
1011:. Retrieved
1002:
993:
968:
964:
958:
936:(1): 49–73.
933:
929:
923:
912:. Retrieved
910:. 2019-01-13
907:
898:
882:June Cheng.
878:
866:. Retrieved
846:
835:. Retrieved
825:
806:
778:
746:
694:
666:
624:
620:
614:
595:
577:
568:
557:. Retrieved
553:
544:
533:. Retrieved
529:
520:
454:
451:Illegal guns
440:
429:
407:
349:
345:
331:
313:
280:
276:
233:
190:
133:
125:
109:
95:
93:
80:
3375:Variety art
3370:Tea culture
3298:Calligraphy
3283:Archaeology
3143:Food safety
2938:Gold mining
2840:Aquaculture
2835:Agriculture
2795:Coast Guard
2562:Naming laws
2396:Environment
2384:South China
1863:Paleolithic
1855:Prehistoric
1813:before 1912
1716:Asia portal
1617:States with
1537:Philippines
1477:South Korea
1472:North Korea
1367:Afghanistan
1231:18 December
1226:www.ilo.org
1131:www.fas.org
627:(4): 6–18.
384:North Korea
283:tax evasion
3636:Irreligion
3533:Statistics
3503:Emigration
3466:Four Wangs
3355:Philosophy
3340:Mass media
3323:Literature
3221:Patriarchy
3184:Propaganda
3104:Corruption
3089:Censorship
2879:E-commerce
2586:Government
2379:East China
2351:Waterfalls
2297:Peninsulas
2265:Grasslands
1597:Uzbekistan
1572:Tajikistan
1487:Kyrgyzstan
1467:Kazakhstan
1387:Bangladesh
1377:Azerbaijan
1282:2023-08-23
1257:2023-08-23
1192:2015-02-13
1167:2023-09-05
1141:3 November
1112:2020-03-22
1053:2008-02-02
1013:3 November
914:2023-01-26
837:2022-08-27
559:2022-09-07
535:2022-09-07
512:References
463:See also:
398:Drug trade
322:Corruption
96:crime rate
3523:Languages
3476:Four Olds
3431:Four arts
3318:Libraries
3248:Structure
3211:Sexuality
3148:incidents
3121:Education
3030:Transport
2906:Renewable
2901:Petroleum
2696:President
2663:Politburo
2616:Elections
2604:Democracy
2572:Terrorism
2320:Volcanoes
2302:Northeast
2280:Mountains
2190:Northeast
2140:Geography
2047:High Qing
1868:Neolithic
1840:Dynasties
1818:1912–1949
1809:Economic
1778:Overviews
1683:Hong Kong
1637:Palestine
1562:Sri Lanka
1557:Singapore
1437:Indonesia
1082:March 22,
985:154686059
950:143858155
641:154487430
3729:Category
3709:Category
3582:Buddhism
3574:Religion
3551:Post-90s
3544:Post-80s
3288:Archives
3155:HIV/AIDS
3126:Literacy
3084:Abortion
3013:Internet
2970:Taxation
2953:Textiles
2933:Chemical
2928:Industry
2857:Currency
2735:Military
2543:in Tibet
2507:Politics
2444:Wildlife
2356:Wetlands
2119:COVID-19
1947:Imperial
1845:Monarchs
1805:Language
1790:Timeline
1762:articles
1706:Category
1627:Abkhazia
1577:Thailand
1532:Pakistan
1512:Mongolia
1507:Maldives
1502:Malaysia
1402:Cambodia
1300:(2002).
1186:Archived
1162:POLITICO
1135:Archived
1106:Archived
1076:Archived
1007:Archived
908:BBC News
887:Archived
859:Archived
470:See also
376:Mongolia
368:Pakistan
364:Malaysia
360:Thailand
228:827,706
70:Burglary
35:Homicide
3693:Outline
3656:Symbols
3513:Eunuchs
3360:Smoking
3308:Cuisine
3275:Culture
3265:Welfare
3236:Suicide
3204:history
3072:Society
3001:Housing
2975:Tourism
2960:Poverty
2845:Banking
2823:Economy
2802:Militia
2713:Premier
2315:Valleys
2275:Islands
2260:Deserts
2250:Canyons
2238:Terrain
2217:Western
2205:Central
2177:Regions
2162:Geology
2152:Borders
1895:Ancient
1878:Yangtze
1785:History
1770:History
1602:Vietnam
1517:Myanmar
1497:Lebanon
1427:Georgia
1382:Bahrain
1372:Armenia
868:15 July
392:Vietnam
298:Beijing
225:570,439
222:547,115
219:542,005
216:514,369
213:610,478
210:748,476
207:890,281
204:757,104
201:636,222
198:535,698
195:548,415
129:bribery
106:History
74:Unknown
59:Unknown
55:Robbery
49:Unknown
39:Unknown
3714:Portal
3669:Emblem
3664:Anthem
3646:Taoism
3328:Poetry
3303:Cinema
3226:Racism
3138:Health
2891:Energy
2867:Reform
2778:Rocket
2763:Ground
2488:Cities
2374:Yellow
2346:Rivers
2336:Canals
2290:passes
2285:ranges
2069:Modern
1760:
1647:Taiwan
1582:Turkey
1547:Russia
1482:Kuwait
1462:Jordan
1452:Israel
1412:Cyprus
1397:Brunei
1392:Bhutan
1308:
983:
948:
813:
785:
753:
701:
673:
639:
602:
410:heroin
390:, and
388:Russia
370:, and
356:Taiwan
310:Murder
113:Fences
3700:Index
3641:Islam
3564:Women
3365:Sport
3350:Names
3345:Music
3313:Dance
3099:Crime
2980:Trade
2948:Steel
2454:Flora
2449:Fauna
2369:Bohai
2365:Seas
2341:Lakes
2329:Water
2306:North
2270:Hills
2255:Caves
2210:South
2195:North
1908:Shang
1758:China
1688:Macau
1607:Yemen
1567:Syria
1542:Qatar
1522:Nepal
1457:Japan
1432:India
1422:Egypt
1407:China
981:S2CID
946:S2CID
862:(PDF)
855:(PDF)
637:S2CID
530:WORLD
380:Burma
372:Japan
185:1988
182:1987
179:1986
176:1985
173:1984
170:1983
167:1982
164:1981
161:1980
158:1979
155:1978
152:1977
149:Year
100:China
81:Notes
3674:Flag
3255:Time
3048:Rail
2896:Coal
2768:Navy
2538:LGBT
2245:Bays
2185:East
2042:Qing
2037:Ming
2032:Yuan
2022:Song
2017:Liao
2007:Tang
1920:Zhou
1913:Late
1883:Liao
1527:Oman
1492:Laos
1447:Iraq
1442:Iran
1306:ISBN
1233:2020
1143:2013
1084:2020
1015:2013
870:2014
811:ISBN
783:ISBN
751:ISBN
699:ISBN
671:ISBN
600:ISBN
271:7.5
45:Rape
3293:Art
2773:Air
2520:Law
2002:Sui
1975:Han
1970:Wei
1960:Han
1955:Qin
1903:Xia
1659:and
1252:CNN
973:doi
938:doi
629:doi
625:158
268:5.4
265:5.2
262:5.2
259:5.0
256:6.0
253:7.4
250:8.9
247:7.7
244:6.6
241:5.6
238:5.8
119:to
98:in
3731::
1980:Wu
1275:.
1250:.
1224:.
1184:.
1160:.
1129:.
1104:.
1100:.
1070:.
1044:.
1023:^
1001:.
979:.
969:22
967:.
944:.
934:16
932:.
906:.
797:^
765:^
713:^
685:^
649:^
635:.
623:.
586:^
552:.
528:.
386:,
382:,
378:,
366:,
362:,
358:,
131:.
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3549:"
3546:"
3542:"
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1743:t
1736:v
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1338:t
1331:v
1314:.
1285:.
1260:.
1235:.
1195:.
1170:.
1145:.
1115:.
1086:.
1056:.
1017:.
987:.
975::
952:.
940::
917:.
872:.
840:.
819:.
791:.
759:.
707:.
679:.
643:.
631::
608:.
562:.
538:.
300:.
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