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274:"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property. That right is preserved sacred and incommunicable in all instances, where it has not been taken away or abridged by some public law for the good of the whole. By the laws of England, every invasion of private property, be it ever so minute, is a trespass... If no excuse can be found or produced, the silence of the books is an authority against the defendant, and the plaintiff must have judgment."
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303:. Common law judicatures consequently separate the judiciary from the prosecution, thereby establishing the courts as completely independent from both the legislature and law enforcement. Human rights law in these countries is as a result, largely built on legal precedent in the courts' interpretation of constitutional law, whereas that of civil law countries is almost exclusively composed of codified law, constitutional or otherwise.
119:. Constitutional law deals with the fundamental principles by which the government exercises its authority. In some instances, these principles grant specific powers to the government, such as the power to tax and spend for the welfare of the population. Other times, constitutional principles act to place limits on what the government can do, such as prohibiting the arrest of an individual without sufficient cause.
167:, it will identify multiple levels of government coexisting with exclusive or shared areas of jurisdiction over lawmaking, application and enforcement. Some federal states, most notably the United States, have separate and parallel federal and state judiciaries, with each having its own hierarchy of courts with a supreme court for each state.
317:
Another main function of constitutions may be to describe the procedure by which parliaments may legislate. For instance, special majorities may be required to alter the constitution. In bicameral legislatures, there may be a process laid out for second or third readings of bills before a new law can
446:
The third is that the general ideas and principles that the constitution supports arise directly from the judgements and precedents issued by the judiciary. "We may say that the constitution is pervaded by the rule of law on the ground that the general principles of the constitution... are with us
150:
Constitutional laws can be considered second order rule making or rules about making rules to exercise power. It governs the relationships between the judiciary, the legislature and the executive with the bodies under its authority. One of the key tasks of constitutions within this context is to
438:
Dicey's rule of law formula consists of three classic tenets. The first is that the regular law is supreme over arbitrary and discretionary powers. "o man is punishable ... except for a distinct breach of the law established in the ordinary legal manner before the ordinary courts of the land."
295:. Civil law jurisdictions, on the other hand, place less emphasis on judicial review and only the parliament or legislature has the power to effect law. As a result, the structure of the judiciary differs significantly between the two, with common law judiciaries being
290:
nations, such as those in the
Commonwealth as well as the United States, derive their legal systems from that of the United Kingdom, and as such place emphasis on judicial precedent, whereby consequential court rulings (especially those by higher courts) are a
442:
The second is that all men are to stand equal in the eyes of the law. "...no man is above the law...every man, whatever be his rank or condition, is subject to the ordinary law of the realm and amenable to the jurisdiction of the ordinary tribunals"
458:
is often regarded as a second limb functioning alongside the rule of law to curb the powers of the government. In many modern nation states, power is divided and vested into three branches of government: The
393:
Constitutional law is a major focus of legal studies and research. For example, most law students in the United States are required to take a class in
Constitutional Law during their first year, and several
225:. These are intended to ensure basic political, social and economic standards that a nation state, or intergovernmental body is obliged to provide to its citizens but many do include its governments.
808:
is contrasted with a number of other terms. First, in denoting the body of judge-made law based on that developed in
England... erhaps most commonly within Anglo-American jurisdictions,
486:
is a subfield of constitutional law. It includes the rules governing the process of elections. These rules enable the translation of the will of the people into functioning
1004:
W B Gwyn, The
Meaning of the Separation of Powers: An Analysis of the Doctrine From Its Origin to the Adoption of the United States Constitution, Tulane University (1965).
952:
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670:(5th edn Cavendish 2005) 9, "A written constitution is one contained within a single document or a series of documents, with or without amendments"
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enter into force. Alternatively, there may further be requirements for maximum terms that a government can keep power before holding an
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form a crucial part of a country's constitution and uphold the rights of the individual against the state. Most jurisdictions, like the
134:, constitutional law is based on the text of a document ratified at the time the nation came into being. Other constitutions, notably
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163:, though there is often a delegation of power or authority to local or municipal authorities. When a constitution establishes a
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262:'s house was searched and ransacked by Sherriff Carrington. Carrington argued that a warrant from a Government minister, the
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the result of judicial decisions determining the rights of private persons in particular cases brought before the courts"
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1. The body of law derived from judicial decisions, rather than from statutes or constitutions; CASE LAW STATUTORY LAW.
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have no entrenched document setting out fundamental rights; in those jurisdictions the constitution is composed of
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dictates that government must be conducted according to law. This was first established by
British legal theorist
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Dicey identified three essential elements of the
British Constitution which were indicative of the rule of law:
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was valid authority, even though there was no statutory provision or court order for it. The court, led by
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are known as the horizontal separation of powers. The first and the second are harmonised in traditional
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649:, Series paper 2. Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies, King's College London, Parliament UK
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The
Discourse of Court Interpreting: Discourse Practices of the Law, the Witness and the Interpreter
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An area of law that deals with interpretation and implementation of the
Constitution
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Constitutional
Conventions and the Headship of State: Australian Experience
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Mapping the Path to
Codifying - or not Codifying - the UK's Constitution
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jurisdictions do not share the same constitutional law underpinnings.
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indicate hierarchies and relationships of power. For example, in a
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Absolute supremacy of regular law as opposed to the influence of
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The Constitution is a result of the ordinary law of the land.
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is a constitutional principle deriving from the common law.
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is another instance where a codified constitution, with the
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993:
Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution
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Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution
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Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution
953:
Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution
897:
Richards, Edward P.; Katharine C. Rathbun (1999-08-15).
847:
Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History
398:
are devoted to the discussion of constitutional issues.
1047:
710:"Guide to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"
475:. Vertical separation of powers is decentralisation.
849:. Manchester, NH: Ezekial Books, LLC. p. 259.
490:. Election law addresses issues who is entitled to
211:
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
43:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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927:Civil Procedure and Courts in the South Pacific
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343:The examples and perspective in this article
215:Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
845:Macpherson, Heidi S.; Kaufman, Will (2005).
145:
450:
92:
1070:
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643:Blick, Andrew; Blackburn, Robert (2012),
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381:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:which was intended to be included in the
2215:History of the American legal profession
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707:
679:
306:
36:
231:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
205:, have a codified constitution, with a
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668:Constitutional and Administrative Law
219:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
45:still have constitutional importance.
924:Care, Jennifer Corrin (2004-01-12).
923:
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863:
831:(10th ed.). 2014. p. 334.
752:19 Howell's State Trials 1029 (1765)
737:(1765) 19 Howell's State Trials 1030
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903:. Jones & Bartlett. p. 6.
829:Black's Law Dictionary - Common law
784:(2nd, revised ed.). New York:
32:Constitutional law (disambiguation)
24:
930:. Routledge Cavendish. p. 3.
870:Hale, Sandra Beatriz (July 2004).
780:A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage
401:
25:
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1199:Restitution and unjust enrichment
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708:Heritage, Canadian (2017-10-23).
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956:(Macmillan, 10th ed, 1959) p.202
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299:and civil law judiciaries being
91:, though all such states have a
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41:The principles from the French
1040:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1026:New International Encyclopedia
876:. John Benjamins. p. 31.
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189:International human rights law
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122:In most nations, such as the
117:international rules and norms
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357:, discuss the issue on the
326:Study of constitutional law
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1877:International legal theory
1356:International slavery laws
1351:International human rights
1346:International criminal law
1020:"Constitutional Law"
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209:. A recent example is the
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140:constitutional conventions
136:that of the United Kingdom
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1930:Administration of justice
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776:Garner, Bryan A. (2001).
621:Resources in your library
146:State and legal structure
74:such as the United States
1707:Basic structure doctrine
1557:Natural and legal rights
1438:Public international law
570:Constitutional economics
451:The separation of powers
236:Some countries like the
18:Constitutional challenge
1887:Principle of typicality
1361:International trade law
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786:Oxford University Press
429:Equality before the law
313:Parliamentary procedure
758:: Constitution Society
748:"Entick v. Carrington"
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173:Supreme Court of India
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1882:Principle of legality
1641:Delegated legislation
1341:Intellectual property
969:(10th ed, 1959) p.188
575:Constitutional rights
542:, and issues such as
538:, election disputes,
307:Legislative procedure
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40:
2100:Barristers' chambers
2042:Legal representation
1980:Justice of the peace
1326:Financial regulation
1035:"Constitutional law"
995:(9th ed, 1945) p.195
982:(9th ed, 1945) p.193
734:Entick v. Carrington
456:Separation of powers
406:The doctrine of the
363:create a new article
355:improve this article
345:may not represent a
255:Entick v. Carrington
30:For other uses, see
2135:Election commission
1847:Expressive function
1376:Landlord–tenant law
1275:Consumer protection
812:is contrasted with
2288:Constitutional law
2093:Legal institutions
1960:Lawsuit/Litigation
1950:Dispute resolution
1755:Catholic canon law
1463:State of emergency
1426:Will and testament
1150:Law of obligations
1103:Constitutional law
1093:Administrative law
1043:. Merriam-Webster.
612:Constitutional law
496:voter registration
473:Westminster system
50:Constitutional law
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1935:Constitutionalism
1857:Law and economics
1695:Act of parliament
1433:Product liability
1386:Legal archaeology
1311:Environmental law
1305:Entertainment law
1145:International law
937:978-1-85941-719-5
910:978-0-8342-1603-7
883:978-1-58811-517-1
804:In modern usage,
799:978-0-19-507769-8
607:Library resources
580:Philosophy of law
560:Constitutionalism
548:electoral silence
520:electronic voting
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16:(Redirected from
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56:, namely, the
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9:
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3:
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2079:Trier of fact
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1965:Legal opinion
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1801:Socialist law
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1794:Byzantine law
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1745:Religious law
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1717:Legal systems
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1391:Legal fiction
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1321:Financial law
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1280:Corporate law
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1204:Statutory law
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1086:Core subjects
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991:A. V. Dicey,
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978:A. V. Dicey,
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965:A. V. Dicey,
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950:A. V. Dicey,
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756:United States
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714:www.canada.ca
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694:9781925501155
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536:vote counting
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529:
528:accessibility
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516:apportionment
513:
512:redistricting
509:
508:party funding
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501:
500:ballot access
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371:December 2010
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301:inquisitorial
298:
294:
293:source of law
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285:
281:
275:
271:
270:stated that,
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199:United States
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166:
165:federal state
162:
158:
154:
153:unitary state
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:United States
120:
118:
114:
110:
109:statutory law
106:
102:
101:customary law
97:
96:
90:
89:constitutions
86:
85:nation states
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79:
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71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2264:
2257:
2243:
2229:
2002:Jurisdiction
1970:Legal remedy
1925:Adjudication
1825:Legal theory
1663:Ratification
1658:Promulgation
1629:Proclamation
1609:Codification
1542:Human rights
1530:Divine right
1520:Constitution
1488:Women in law
1406:Military law
1401:Marriage law
1396:Maritime law
1295:Election law
1235:Aviation law
1225:Abortion law
1177:Property law
1113:Criminal law
1102:
1038:
1024:
1000:
992:
987:
979:
974:
966:
961:
951:
946:
926:
919:
899:
892:
872:
865:
846:
840:
832:
828:
823:
813:
809:
805:
803:
779:
771:
760:. Retrieved
751:
742:
732:
728:
717:. Retrieved
713:
703:
684:
675:
667:
662:
651:, retrieved
645:
638:
611:
565:Constitution
484:Election law
482:
479:Election law
454:
445:
441:
437:
416:
405:
396:law journals
392:
377:
368:
344:
316:
277:
273:
253:
235:
192:
185:Human rights
179:Human rights
149:
121:
82:
49:
48:
2174:Legislature
2105:Bureaucracy
1902:Rule of man
1897:Rule of law
1872:Libertarian
1735:Chinese law
1636:Legislation
1586:Regulations
1574:Law reports
1552:Natural law
1448:Reparations
1443:Refugee law
1366:Jurimetrics
1307:(Media law)
1245:Banking law
1240:Amnesty law
1218:Disciplines
1155:Private law
666:H Barnett,
653:19 November
595:Rule of law
590:Rechtsstaat
540:referendums
488:democracies
461:legislature
412:A. V. Dicey
408:rule of law
297:adversarial
268:Lord Camden
260:John Entick
157:legislature
105:conventions
95:jus commune
66:legislature
2167:Law school
2047:Prosecutor
1985:Magistrate
1772:Jewish law
1730:Common law
1651:Rulemaking
1646:Regulation
1596:Law making
1535:Divine law
1511:Legal code
1458:Sports law
1381:Law of war
1331:Health law
1316:Family law
1300:Energy law
1250:Bankruptcy
1187:Punishment
1182:Public law
810:common law
806:common law
788:. p.
762:2008-11-13
719:2022-01-20
601:References
585:Public law
467:, and the
288:Common law
280:common law
250:convention
223:UN Charter
221:under the
68:, and the
62:parliament
2145:Judiciary
2140:Executive
2115:The bench
2052:Solicitor
2027:Barrister
1907:Sociology
1892:Pseudolaw
1832:Anarchist
1789:Roman law
1777:Parsi law
1762:Hindu law
1750:Canon law
1725:Civil law
1678:Concordat
1569:Precedent
1478:Trust law
1453:Space law
1290:Drugs law
1160:Procedure
1098:Civil law
469:judiciary
465:executive
359:talk page
284:civil law
161:judiciary
132:Singapore
70:judiciary
58:executive
2282:Category
2252:Category
2194:Tribunal
2179:Military
2022:Attorney
1992:Judgment
1852:Feminist
1767:Jain law
1564:Case law
1285:Cyberlaw
1192:Corporal
1170:Criminal
1140:Evidence
1130:Doctrine
1108:Contract
683:(2016).
554:See also
353:You may
320:election
282:and the
246:case law
83:Not all
2266:Outline
2203:History
2110:The bar
2084:Verdict
2032:Counsel
2012:Justice
1867:History
1690:Statute
1506:Charter
1468:Tax law
1416:Probate
1029:. 1905.
242:statute
2184:Police
2155:Agency
2037:Lawyer
1782:Sharia
1673:Treaty
1668:Repeal
1614:Decree
1525:Custom
1421:Estate
1371:Labour
1135:Equity
934:
907:
880:
853:
796:
691:
609:about
463:, the
227:Canada
203:France
159:, and
130:, and
78:Canada
60:, the
2259:Index
2125:Court
2069:Trial
1975:Judge
1816:Yassa
1619:Edict
1165:Civil
1118:Crime
361:, or
169:India
128:India
115:, or
54:state
2007:Jury
1955:Fiqh
1811:Xeer
1209:Tort
1125:Deed
932:ISBN
905:ISBN
878:ISBN
851:ISBN
794:ISBN
689:ISBN
655:2016
546:and
522:and
506:and
492:vote
278:The
248:and
201:and
187:and
76:and
1079:Law
816:...
790:177
64:or
2284::
1513:/
1037:.
1023:.
802:.
792:.
754:.
750:.
712:.
550:.
526:,
518:,
514:,
510:,
502:,
498:,
494:,
414:.
322:.
244:,
175:.
126:,
111:,
107:,
103:,
1071:e
1064:t
1057:v
940:.
913:.
886:.
859:.
765:.
722:.
697:.
431:;
425:;
384:)
378:(
373:)
369:(
351:.
34:.
20:)
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