2991:, and its splinter group Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa - Mindanao both reject the CPP's "vulgarized application" of Marxism-Leninism and has described them as "Stalinist" while describing themselves as Marxist-Leninist. Both organizations also reject the CPP's analysis of Philippine society as "semi-colonial and semi-feudal", arguing instead that it is "semi-capitalist". The Partido ng Manggagawang Pilipino also describes itself as a Marxist-Leninist group that views Philippine society as capitalist, but it retains the option of armed struggle in its program. Meanwhile, the Marxist-Leninist Party of the Philippines refers to itself as Maoist but disagrees with the CPP on key ideological and organizational issues.
1403:
1335:
2584:
1583:
39:
5252:
2812:, which repudiated and summed-up the various errors in strategy and tactics over the past decade, and upheld the correctness of a protracted People's War strategy. This reaffirmation caused a split between members of the Party, reducing the CPP's strength but streamlining the Party's organization by decreasing the autonomy of regional committees and aligning the party ideologically. Those who rejected the reaffirmation, or "rejectionists" went on their separate ways, although not all rejectionists were united.
1253:
2596:
1045:
2620:
5647:
5657:
2608:
1056:
2774:(Garlic Campaign) in Mindanao, the 1988 Oplan Missing Link campaign in Southern Tagalog, and the 1989 Olympia campaign in Metro Manila. These campaigns were unsuccessful in rooting out spies, instead resulting in the arrest, torture, and execution of hundreds of cadres. Thousands more left the CPP. By 1992, the CPP reported that its strength was relatively equal to 1982-83 levels. Other cadres pushed for a form of
1691:
2742:. Abuses under Martial Law pushed peasants in the countryside to join the NPA, while students, workers, Church members, and other sectors supported the CPP and its aims. Despite Sison's arrest in 1976, the CPP and NPA continued to expand, reaching a strength of 30,000 Party members and 25,000 NPA fighters across 69 of the country's 80 provinces by 1986.
1560:
conference in
September 1944 declared the retreat for defense policy to have been erroneous. Vicente Lava was eventually removed as general secretary. By the end of the war, the Huks had 1,200 engagements, and inflicted some 25,000 enemy casualties. The Huks' strength consisted of 20,000 fully armed regulars and some 50,000 reservists.
1636:!" The HMB launched "dress rehearsals" meant to test the overall capability and public reaction to their plan, but setbacks would result in Lava's arrest alongside other prominent leaders, including Federico Maclang, Ramon Espiritu, Honofre Mangila, Magno Bueno, Federico Bautista, Iluminada Calonge, Angel Baking, and Sammy Rodriguez.
2749:
led to the suspension of the CPP's Manila-Rizal committee. Starting in 1977, debates within internal leadership resulted in the adoption of multiple strategies and tactics,. From 1981-83, the CPP and NPA adopted tactics such as a "strategic counter-offensive", urban insurrection, and "regularization"
2675:
in their leanings. Sison proposed a critique of the history of the PKP, which he submitted in 1966. Sison was highly critical of Lava and his policies during the past decade, referring to his "adventurism" and mishandling of the HMB rebellion. The document was suppressed and tensions between the Lava
1498:
Both the PKP and KAP were declared as illegal organizations by the Manila Court of First
Instance (CFI) on September 14, 1931, sentencing twenty communist leaders of eight years and one day of banishment to the provinces. Evangelista was additionally sentenced with six months' imprisonment and a fine
2823:
In 1993, the CPP's Manila-Rizal regional committee formally announced its decision to split from the CPP. The party's
Visayas Commission (VisCom), National United Front Commission (NUFC), Home Bureau of the International Liaison Department and the National Peasant Secretariat (NPS) also rejected the
1515:
led by Abad Santos and participated heavily during elections in
Central Luzon. The concept of a people's militia was conceived by party leaders as early as October 1941, when the PKP convened with other anti-fascist political groups, such as the League for the Defense of Democracy and the Friends of
1410:
The COF would become increasingly split between a conservative faction led by
Ruperto Cristobal, Isabelo Tejada, Domingo Ponce, and others. Along with a Left faction headed by Evangelista. In 1929, Evangelista's Left faction in the COF drafted a "thesis" calling for measures such as the creation of
2979:
The
Communist Party of the Philippines, which splintered from the PKP-1930 in 1968, upholds the Mao Zedong Thought as its theoretical basis. In its 2016 Constitution, it states that "The universal theory of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism is the guide to action of the Communist Party of the Philippines."
1559:
In light of the aftermath of the Cabiao raid, PKP leadership began to adopt a "retreat for defense" policy, reducing the army organization to teams of three to five member groups and avoiding direct confrontation with the enemy. Most
Hukbalahap squadrons did not follow such a policy, and a party
1555:
As the Huks quickly gained ground in
Central Luzon, the PKP set out to establish Barrio United Defense Corps (BUDC) in Huk-controlled areas. The BUDC's served as a barrio-level government which was to maintain peace, order, and set up food production and recruitment in Huk-controlled areas, and
2815:
Prominent personalities who rejected the plenum's decisions included Romulo
Kintanar of the NPA General Staff Command, Ricardo Reyes, a former member of the Executive Committee and the Political Bureau of the CPP Central Committee, Arturo Tabara, head of the standing committee of the Visayas
2750:
of the NPA as a result of debates within internal leadership on strategy and tactics, and the sudden growth in membership. These tactics encouraged a focus on military action, which contracted the CPP's mass base in the countryside and resulted in "tactical errors" such as the boycott of the
1643:
In 1957, the Anti-Subversion Law was enacted, outlawing the PKP, the HMB, and "any successors of any such organizations". Jesus Lava, a brother of
Vicente and Jose Lava, had taken on the leadership of the Party and liquidated the HMB by transforming it into "organizational brigades." He also
2896:. The NPA continues to wage armed struggle all over the Philippines. The RPM-P/RPA-ABB surrendered to the Philippine government in 2000, but peace negotiations remain unfulfilled following a 2007 split in the RPA-ABB leadership between Nilo de la Cruz and Veronica Tabara-Stephen Paduano.
1411:
unions based on industrial lines, the creation of a true workers' party, and so on. This measure was blocked by the conservatives by allegedly using dummy labor delegates, and Evangelista's faction walked out of the convention, splitting the COF. Twelve days later on May 12, 1929, the
2761:
administration was initially keen on peace negotiations with the CPP. The NDFP was tasked to represent the CPP's organs of political power in peace talks, but the NDFP pulled out of negotiations in 1987 due to a lack of support within the Aquino administration to negotiate, and the
2913:
was particularly familiar to union organizers. During his time as the UTF's President, Lope K. Santos gave evening classes alongside Hermenegildo Cruz in what was known as a "School of Socialism" to interested unionists. Studies focused on European radical texts, including Marx,
1629:(HMB, People's Liberation Army) and launched an insurrection against the Roxas government. PKP leadership was split between supporting the armed struggle and opposing it, though Jose Lava would eventually get the reins of Party leadership and fully lend its support to the HMB.
1556:
overlapped between independently formed barrio governments, "neighborhood committees" set up by the Japanese, and BUDCs. On March 5, 1943, the Japanese struck the Huk headquarters in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija in a surprise attack, capturing many cadres and guerrillas.
1453:(AMT, Union of the Toiling Masses). The AMT and the KPMP were both highly important in the peasant revolts and reforms of the 1930s, although neither group was formally socialist or communist. Members of both of these groups also formed a large section of the
1639:
Taruc surrendered on May 16, 1954, owing to disagreements with the Lava leadership. Most HMB fighters surrendered as well, with some like Casto Alejandrino continuing to fight well into the 60's, and others like Faustino del Mundo turning to armed banditry.
2444:
2769:
Estrangement from the urban middle class, military setbacks, and the capture of leading cadres led to intensified splits within the Party. Fear of spies and "deep-penetration agents" resulted in multiple anti-infiltration campaigns such as the 1985-86
2976:, in its constitution, refers to itself as the "political party of the Filipino working classes based on the principles of scientific Communism and Marxism-Leninism." Members of the PKP are required to "understand the principles of Marxism-Leninism."
2879:
Peace talks between the Philippine government and the NDFP continued, culminating in the Comprehensive Agreement to Respect Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law (CARHRIHL) in 1998. Further talks broke down shortly after under the President
1527:
by invading Japanese forces, including Abad Santos, Evangelista, and Guillermo Capadocia. The Japanese also arrested Agapito del Rosario, the former vice-chairman of the SPP, and two relatives of Abad Santos. The second-front leadership under Dr.
3417:
1360:
in an effort by the colonial government to steer organized labor along less controversial paths. In 1908, the UODF reemerged as a result of dissatisfaction in the UTF's moderate policies, as well as partisan politics. On May 1, 1913, the
1507:
of the CPUSA persuaded Evangelista's group into taking a conditional pardon and intervened for their release. On December 24, 1938, Evangelista and others were granted a pardon and proceeded to enact a united front strategy.
4810:
5612:
2824:
decisions of the 1992 plenum. In 1994, the former members of the Manila-Rizal, Visayas, and Central Mindanao committees held a Party Conference and formed the People's Communist Party, which eventually became the
1487:(PKP, Communist Party of the Philippines) was organized from members of the KAP and KPMP. The party itself was formalized as an official entity on November 7 of the same year. These two dates correspond with the
1543:
to discuss organization, strategy, and tactics. Several armed groups were immediately organized and began operating in Central Luzon. The guerrillas were eventually formally organized on March 29, 1942 as the
5211:
1552:. Although the Hukbalahap had a military commissariat which provided guidance to the Huks, the Hukbalahap itself was not a communist group, nor was it a communist group disguised as a nationalist one.
5622:
3428:
1632:
The HMB rebellion peaked in 1950 at around 10,800 fighters. Under Jose Lava, the HMB planned to seize political power in "two years" and PKP members would bid each other goodbye with "See you in
5536:
4815:
1209:. The NPA was the largest armed force that took up arms against the dictatorship. However, differences in ideology, strategy and tactics, and errors including the CPP's decision to boycott the
1644:
liquidated all basic units and organizations by enacting a "single-file" policy, before going underground. Lava continued to elude authorities until his arrest 9 years later, on May 21, 1964.
2727:
on September 21, 1972, under the pretext of "quashing the communist threat." Party cadres and activists were absorbed by the revolutionary movement in the countryside. On April 23, 1973, the
5581:
5182:
1579:
government. The PKP formally disbanded the Hukbalahap and formed the Hukbalahap Veterans' League (Hukvets) in an effort to get the Hukbalahap recognized as a legitimate guerrilla movement.
5177:
113:
5371:
1155:, the Huk Supremo, and the liquidation of the PKP. The PKP was again officially outlawed by the government, this time by virtue of Republic Act 1700, or the Anti-Subversion Act.
5617:
2228:
5576:
1391:. Evangelista, Manahan, and Cirlio Bognot were sent to the Profintern conference in Moscow in March 1928. On their return, Evangelista organized the first batch of Filipino
5586:
2833:
Differences between the former Party commissions and individuals like Lagman and Tabara resulted in another split within the rejectionist ranks. The RPM-P established the
2223:
2218:
2213:
1137:(Communist Party of the Philippines). The party was outlawed in 1932 by a decision from the Supreme Court, but was technically legalized in 1938. It then merged with the
5531:
5496:
5451:
2841:, a split faction of the NPA headed by Nilo de la Cruz. In 1998, elements of the CPP's Central Luzon committee were expelled from the CPP, leading them to establish the
2073:
5421:
5311:
4982:
2123:
5541:
5516:
5431:
5411:
5361:
5331:
5321:
5216:
1367:(COF) was founded, with Cruz as its first President, and both the UODF and UTF were dissolved. The COF would become the country's foremost labor center until 1929.
5627:
5501:
5381:
5571:
5346:
3752:
5461:
5441:
5326:
5316:
4617:
1151:). After the war, the PKP vacillated between taking a moderate stance and launching an armed insurrection. A series of setbacks culminated in the surrender of
3319:
2804:
By 1991, the CPP recognized that there was a growing need for a comprehensive rectification movement. In 1992, the CPP held a plenum to discuss the documents
5591:
5526:
5426:
5406:
5396:
5356:
5341:
5336:
4977:
5632:
5551:
5511:
5486:
5401:
5366:
5028:
1567:
guerillas and former PC members forcibly disarmed Huk squadrons while charging other guerrillas of treason, sedition, and subversive activity. Huk leaders
4139:
5471:
5391:
5192:
5054:
2694:, which pointed out ideological, political, and organizational errors committed throughout the PKP's history. The following March, Sison established the
5064:
2778:, or wanted to focus on parliamentary struggle, or to remove the leading role of the CPP in the NPA and the NDFP. In 1986, the Lumbaya company, led by
1850:
1603:
5049:
5018:
4001:
Collier, Kit (1995). "Bringing civil society back in: rectification in the Philippine revolutionary movement and the idiom of resistance in Davao".
3783:
1116:
groups. The communist movement has had multiple periods of popularity and relevance to the national affairs of the country, most notably during the
5059:
4987:
4947:
2165:
5069:
4942:
4937:
2934:
1396:
2394:
357:
4215:
2853:(RPM-M, Revolutionary Workers' Party of the Mindanao) over disagreements with the RPM-P's decision to surrender to the Philippine government.
5686:
5222:
4957:
4862:
4736:
4719:
3044:
2988:
2826:
4707:
4652:
4642:
3127:
3018:
2728:
2377:
2208:
1665:
1195:
1143:(Socialist Party of the Philippines) and played a part in guerrilla warfare against the Japanese during the Second World War by way of the
2926:
and others. The School of Socialism produced students such as Crisanto Evangelista, Arturo Soriano, Melanio de Jesus, and Felipe Mendoza.
4589:
2235:
4610:
3353:
AN ACT TO OUTLAW THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE PHILIPPINES AND SIMILAR ASSOCIATIONS, PENALIZING MEMBERSHIP THEREIN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
1121:
2671:
and a prominent youth leader, to be a part of the PKP. Sison and others represented a "new generation" of Marxists who were decidedly
1610:, including Vicente Lava, who was part of the PKP's Central Committee at the time. Six congressional candidates won, including Taruc,
4857:
3025:
2842:
367:
299:
3487:
Reyes, Portia (2018). "Claiming History: Memoirs of the Struggle against Ferdinand Marcos's Martial Law Regime in the Philippines".
1511:
The PKP also merged with Abad Santos' Partido Sosyalista, increasing its numbers and making up for lost time. The PKP established a
1217:
between "re-affirmists" and "rejectionists". The CPP is still currently the largest communist movement in the Philippines, waging a
4784:
2909:
Isabelo de los Reyes is credited with bringing to the Philippines the works of Marx, Proudhon, Bakunin, and Malatesta. Malatesta's
2650:
2419:
2399:
1101:
817:
108:
2969:
Communist parties in the Philippines officially claim themselves to be ideologically Marxist-Leninist or Marxist-Leninist-Maoist.
5561:
2451:
2439:
2434:
1413:
1384:
and Jacinto Manahan, who headed the UIF and the KPMP, respectively. The Partido Obrero would eventually be the basis of the PKP.
1260:
The first socialist and communist groups emerged as a result of the emergence of the labor movement in the Philippines. In 1901,
765:
3709:
4764:
4748:
2783:
2746:
1331:
in the Philippines on May 1, 1903, but the organization was dissolved shortly after Gomez was arrested on charges of sedition.
1327:, who took over leadership of the UOD from De los Reyes. The UODF was instrumental in leading the first labor demonstration of
1308:
1235:
362:
1186:"Commander Dante"). The CPP-Mao Tse Tsung Thought splintered from the old PKP, clashing with it ideologically, reflecting the
5681:
4603:
4541:
4506:
4306:
3956:
2751:
2324:
2141:
1802:
1595:
1586:
Election flyer advertising presidential and senatorial candidates of the Democratic Alliance-Nacionalista Popular Front Party
1210:
947:
3859:
5288:
2563:
1376:, a political party meant to challenge the dominant Nacionalista and Democrata parties, but failed to win any seats in the
347:
4050:
3973:
5187:
4687:
4664:
4523:
3077:
2984:
2973:
2799:
2708:. These documents outlined the CPP's ideological, political, and organizational tasks under the theoretical basis of the
2506:
1466:
1214:
1133:
1084:
4769:
4697:
4692:
4659:
4499:
Brains of the nation: Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes, and the production of modern knowledge
3008:
2687:
2382:
1657:
1653:
1444:
1202:
1163:
1159:
1139:
3804:
Weekley, Kathleen (2006). "The National or the Social? Problems of Nation-Building in Post-World War II Philippines".
4836:
4467:
3911:
3760:
2861:
2700:
2404:
1618:, but were prevented from taking their oaths in Congress by the Roxas administration, due to their opposition to the
1591:
1474:
899:
1402:
4867:
3327:
3137:
2521:
2280:
1500:
1377:
1243:
922:
342:
4398:
Rivera, Temario (1994). "ARMED CHALLENGES TO THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT: Protracted War or Political Settlement?".
4164:
Rivera, Temario (1994). "ARMED CHALLENGES TO THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT: Protracted War or Political Settlement?".
4805:
4789:
2739:
1960:
1840:
1607:
1449:
1125:
352:
165:
3584:
3454:
687:
4741:
4724:
3049:
3030:
2846:
2834:
2309:
2297:
2133:
1348:
1239:
984:
1625:
Continuing unrest in Central Luzon culminated in the killing of Juan Feleo. The Hukbalahap was revived as the
1289:
2668:
2409:
1334:
1183:
994:
103:
5167:
4774:
4089:
3132:
2942:
2643:
2329:
2203:
1735:
1363:
1357:
1247:
1016:
932:
870:
221:
125:
2820:, the secretary of the CPP's Manila-Rizal regional committee. They were eventually expelled from the CPP.
2766:. Peace talks between the Philippine government and the NDFP would continue on and off through the years.
1285:
5197:
4831:
4347:
2319:
2025:
1268:, brought back what can be considered the first batch of socialist literature, consisting of writings by
952:
662:
150:
3739:
4115:
2732:
1710:
1218:
5237:
4779:
4264:
2424:
2339:
1965:
1830:
1787:
979:
402:
332:
5416:
5303:
5281:
3352:
2864:
as a trade federation. Sonny Melencio, splitting from the Manila-Rizal commission, established the
2414:
2157:
2149:
1762:
3887:
Lumbera, Bienvenido; Taguiwalo, Judy; Tolentino, Roland; Guillermo, Ramon; Alamon, Arnold (eds.).
1495:, respectively, symbolically linking the PKP with the nationalist and the communist revolutions.
5232:
2950:
2885:
2876:
in 1998 and has so far experienced the most success in participating in parliamentary elections.
2787:
2636:
2568:
2501:
2367:
2186:
2115:
1792:
1131:
The communist movement in the Philippines officially began in 1930 with the establishment of the
1077:
1006:
309:
198:
4567:
2872:(SPP, Socialist Labor Party) in 1998. Joel Rocamora, Edicio de la Torre, and others established
1582:
5506:
2287:
1269:
3784:"Crisis of Revolutionary Leadership: Martial Law and the Communist Parties of the Philippines"
3378:
5521:
5476:
5456:
5446:
5202:
4729:
4442:
3054:
2838:
2720:
1797:
957:
770:
250:
93:
73:
4322:
1970:
5546:
4932:
4896:
4702:
4647:
3013:
2856:
Other rejectionists rejected the armed struggle and went-above ground. Lagman established
2695:
2474:
2387:
2255:
2099:
1772:
1752:
1661:
1478:
1381:
1261:
1175:
1124:. Currently, the communist movement is weaker, and considered an insurgent movement by the
904:
894:
827:
822:
717:
697:
314:
304:
287:
83:
2868:(Socialist League) in 1998, which eventually merged with the PKP-1930 and established the
8:
5601:
5491:
5274:
4952:
4852:
2738:
Throughout the 1970s, CPP and NPA influence continued to expand despite attacks from the
2558:
2429:
2314:
2292:
2265:
2260:
1812:
1740:
1011:
927:
852:
840:
812:
785:
775:
692:
577:
452:
380:
337:
272:
267:
262:
243:
228:
120:
63:
1346:
Multiple labor federations emerged in the wake of the UODF's dissolution, including the
5466:
5376:
5351:
4916:
4423:
4189:
4026:
3837:
3829:
3520:
3512:
2889:
2676:
leadership and Sison's group grew, eventually causing in a split in PKP ranks in 1967.
2516:
2469:
2344:
2302:
2250:
2020:
1935:
1910:
1807:
1705:
1492:
1488:
1436:(KPMP, National Union of Filipino Peasants), founded by Jacinto Manahan, a COF member.
1221:
against the Philippine government while also engaged in on-and-off peace negotiations.
1070:
1031:
989:
962:
863:
797:
792:
780:
547:
467:
203:
22:
4911:
3710:"The Communist University for Toilers of the East (KUTV) | Global South Studies, U.Va"
3652:
1420:
Outside Manila, peasant and labor organizations also began to take shape, such as the
1324:
682:
5656:
5436:
5386:
5251:
5013:
4992:
4901:
4502:
4415:
4302:
4181:
4018:
3952:
3907:
3841:
3821:
3524:
3504:
2775:
2763:
2546:
2245:
2107:
1725:
1572:
1440:
1299:
1187:
847:
802:
622:
512:
502:
432:
255:
140:
135:
98:
68:
38:
3682:
Lorimer, Norman (January 1, 1977). "Philippine communism — An historical overview".
1950:
632:
607:
472:
5255:
5102:
5087:
4579:
4407:
4173:
4010:
3813:
3691:
3496:
2716:
2679:
The culmination of this split occurred on December 26, 1968, when Sison, using the
2664:
2612:
2600:
2541:
2083:
2035:
1720:
1715:
1549:
1520:
1293:
1277:
1206:
1179:
1167:
1117:
1060:
1049:
942:
742:
642:
537:
482:
437:
427:
412:
294:
193:
160:
3889:
Serve the People: Ang Kasaysayan ng Radikal na Kilusan sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas
1576:
1256:
Isabelo de los Reyes, ilustrado, and considered to be father of Filipino Socialism
5132:
4299:
Primed and purposeful: armed groups and human security efforts in the Philippines
3926:
2930:
2893:
2624:
2349:
1880:
1845:
1782:
1777:
1674:
1429:
1273:
567:
507:
497:
492:
422:
183:
155:
130:
88:
78:
53:
1171:
5147:
5142:
5127:
5122:
5112:
5092:
4906:
4595:
4014:
2987:, splinter groups have emerged from the CPP, with differences in ideology. The
2881:
2817:
2779:
2758:
2479:
2191:
2055:
2005:
1995:
1945:
1619:
1504:
1372:
1353:
1316:. The UOD is considered to be the first trade union federation in the country.
889:
737:
677:
647:
532:
527:
447:
442:
417:
58:
4583:
3817:
3695:
1563:
At the end of the war and the return of American presence in the Philippines,
5675:
5650:
5227:
5172:
5117:
5107:
4419:
4323:"'Popoy' Lagman: A Stalinist rival of the Communist Party of the Philippines"
4185:
4110:
4022:
3825:
3508:
2919:
2680:
2334:
2275:
2000:
1955:
1905:
1767:
1512:
1499:
of 400 pesos for sedition. The convicted communists brought an appeal to the
1026:
732:
712:
702:
627:
582:
562:
552:
477:
457:
1633:
1252:
5137:
4962:
4243:
4051:"Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought as Guide to the Philippine Revolution"
2782:, splintered from the NPA over ideological differences and established the
2588:
2372:
2040:
2030:
1900:
1895:
1599:
1529:
1417:(KAP) was formed as a more militant and more progressive labor federation.
1191:
1109:
937:
722:
672:
667:
657:
637:
592:
587:
572:
462:
397:
188:
145:
4967:
4475:
4443:"The GRP-NDFP Peace Talks: Tactical Discontinuities in a Shared Narrative"
3951:. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines: University of the Philippines Press.
1302:, a printer, established the first modern labor union in the country, the
5660:
5023:
2923:
2724:
2690:. Sison's critique of the Lavas and the PKP was released under the title
2531:
2091:
2045:
1940:
1890:
1835:
1602:, who was seen as the lesser of two evils. The DA fielded candidates for
1540:
1021:
747:
727:
602:
597:
557:
542:
487:
392:
4427:
4193:
4030:
3516:
2663:
By the 1960s, the PKP was seeking to rebuild itself. Jesus Lava invited
2619:
5097:
5044:
5008:
4972:
4714:
3833:
3320:"Brief Review Of The History Of The Communist Party Of The Philippines"
3082:
2946:
2938:
2915:
2849:
shortly after. In 2001, Mindanao cadres of the RPM-P split to form the
2723:
in 1971, which the CPP has denied. The following year, Marcos declared
2553:
2270:
2240:
2198:
2050:
2010:
1980:
1975:
1885:
1875:
1870:
1647:
1615:
1611:
1575:, and other leaders were briefly arrested before being released by the
1568:
1545:
1470:
1454:
1388:
1152:
1144:
617:
612:
522:
517:
3949:
Digmaan ng mga Alaala: Rebolusyon at Pagkakamali sa mga Talang-Gunita
2731:
was established as an alliance of organizations supporting the CPP's
2489:
1930:
1925:
1757:
1745:
1730:
1328:
1281:
1265:
1105:
1001:
707:
652:
407:
208:
30:
5266:
4542:"Constitution and Program of the Communist Party of the Philippines"
4411:
4177:
3735:
The People of the Philippine Islands v. Crisanto Evangelista, et al.
3500:
3427:(202). International Crisis Group. February 14, 2011. Archived from
4373:
3186:
Komunista: The Genesis of the Philippine Communist Party, 1902–1935
2857:
2536:
2526:
2484:
2015:
1990:
1985:
1920:
972:
967:
857:
238:
4524:"This Labor Leader Made Sure We All Get Paid for Working Overtime"
3553:
The Revolution Falters: The Left in Philippine Politics After 1986
1532:
took over the reins of the PKP and was elected general secretary.
2873:
1284:
and other leftists of the period. De los Reyes was influenced by
1113:
233:
3418:"The Communist Insurgency in the Philippines: Tactics and Talks"
1380:. Regardless, their relative success attracted the attention of
3280:
The Huk Rebellion: A Study of Peasant Revolt in the Philippines
2958:
2709:
2672:
2511:
1915:
1690:
1682:
1564:
1536:
1524:
1447:(SPP) in Central Luzon. The next year, Abad Santos founded the
387:
3886:
2607:
1503:, which affirmed the Manila CFI decision on October 26, 1932.
1201:
The CPP played a prominent role in the resistance against the
1055:
2495:
3974:"[OPINION] The life and times of Jose Maria Sison"
2830:(RPM-P, Revolutionary Workers' Party of the Philippines).
1306:(ULIF). That same year, Cruz and de los Reyes formed the
5217:
National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict
3379:"AP Explains: Who are the Philippines' Communist Rebels?"
1100:
emerged in the first half of the 20th century during the
4271:. Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa–Pilipinas. 2001
4140:"Cordillera celebrates 25th anniversary of peace accord"
2745:
In 1978, disagreements on whether or not to boycott the
4472:
Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process
3753:"A Short History of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas"
2715:
The CPP and NPA quickly expanded nationwide. President
3927:
International Seminar On Mao and People's War (1999).
3571:
Two Articles on the People's Struggle for a Just Peace
2793:
1399:, Moscow. Two more groups were sent in 1929 and 1930.
1387:
In 1927, the COF decided to affiliate itself with the
2929:
Evangelista became radicalized through meetings with
1535:
In February 1942 a "struggle conference" was held in
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
1648:
First Great Rectification Movement and PKP-CPP split
1432:, and Anak Pawis. The most influential of these was
4720:
Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng ManggagawĂ ng Pilipinas
4441:Bolasco, Maria Karina Africa (September 30, 2019).
3489:
Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia
3277:
3045:
Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa sa Pilipinas
2989:
Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Pilipinas
2961:to study at the University of Toilers of the East.
2827:
Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng ManggagawĂ ng Pilipinas
2757:After the fall of the Marcos dictatorship, the new
4811:Kalipunang Pambansa ng mga Magbubukid sa Pilipinas
4515:
4501:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
3942:
3940:
3938:
3564:
3562:
2851:Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Mindanao
1434:Kalipunang Pambansa ng mga Magbubukid sa Pilipinas
4090:"Reaffirm Our Basic Principles and Recity Errors"
3531:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3188:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
2964:
1288:, an anarcho-syndicalist he met during a stay in
5673:
4625:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
3931:(2nd ed.). Vanguard Multi-Media Foundation.
3675:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
2810:Reaffirm our Basic Principles and Rectify Errors
2166:Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat
5193:Student activism in the Philippines (1965–1972)
4568:"Philippine communism — An historical overview"
3935:
3791:UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
3559:
3550:
3273:
2935:Communist Party of the United States of America
2860:as a multi-sectoral mass organization, and the
4366:
3797:
3603:
3601:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3241:
2806:Stand for Socialism Against Modern Revisionism
5282:
4863:League of Young Communists of the Philippines
4611:
4460:
4200:
4060:. International Seminar on Mao Zedong Thought
3895:
3853:
3851:
3372:
3370:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3244:Communism in the Philippines: an Introduction
3192:
2644:
1304:Union de Litografos y Impresores de Filipinas
1178:, was formed the next year and was headed by
1078:
3644:
3412:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3128:Communist armed conflicts in the Philippines
3019:National Democratic Front of the Philippines
2729:National Democratic Front of the Philippines
2698:, its military arm. In 1969, Guerrero wrote
2445:International Conference of Marxist–Leninist
2378:National Democratic Front of the Philippines
1666:Communist armed conflicts in the Philippines
1196:National Democratic Front of the Philippines
4340:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
3598:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3250:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
2845:. The MLPP established its armed wing, the
2236:Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries
1460:
1406:November 7, 1935 issue of the KAP bulletin.
5289:
5275:
4618:
4604:
4434:
4257:
3996:
3994:
3965:
3880:
3848:
3745:
3367:
3183:
2651:
2637:
2395:Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist
1085:
1071:
4858:Malayang Pagkakaisa ng Kabataang Pilipino
4737:Marxist–Leninist Party of the Philippines
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4131:
3727:
3577:
3573:. NDFP Human Rights Monitoring Committee.
3455:"Marcos and Mindanao: The non-Moro zones"
3286:
3026:Marxist-Leninist Party of the Philippines
2843:Marxist-Leninist Party of the Philippines
2124:On the Correct Handling of Contradictions
2074:Report on an Investigation of the Peasant
4785:Katipunan ng mga Anak-Pawis sa Pilipinas
4315:
4216:"PCIJ: Flashback: The Great Left Divide"
4072:
4044:
4042:
4040:
3946:
3650:
3461:
3453:Abinales, Patricio (November 25, 2016).
3452:
3389:
3347:
3345:
3150:
3099:Partido Marxista-Leninista ng Pilipinas
3061:Revolutionary Workers' Party - Mindanao
2400:Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
1581:
1401:
1333:
1251:
1102:American colonial era of the Philippines
4565:
4496:
4490:
4440:
4238:
4236:
4087:
4048:
4000:
3991:
3901:
3803:
3781:
3681:
3317:
2440:Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan
2435:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
1523:, the top PKP leaders were arrested in
1414:Katipunan ng mga Anakpawis sa Pilipinas
1174:Amado Guerrero). Its military arm, the
5674:
4534:
4397:
4296:
4283:
4163:
4157:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3607:
3318:Liwanag, Armando (December 26, 1988).
2994:
2373:Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path
1356:and formed with the assistance of the
1312:(UOD), along with its official organ,
1149:The Nation's Army Against the Japanese
5296:
5270:
4816:Pambansang Kaisahan ng mga Magbubukid
4599:
4037:
3920:
3568:
3486:
3342:
2884:, but intermittently continued under
2692:Rectify Errors and Rebuild Our Party!
2142:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
1321:Union Obrero Democratica de Filipinas
1211:1986 Philippine presidential election
948:Mass killings under communist regimes
5687:Political history of the Philippines
4348:"Philippines: SPP founding congress"
4233:
4103:
3971:
3857:
3246:. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
3004:Maoist parties waging people's war:
2999:
2564:Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang
2420:Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun
114:"From each according to his ability,
5188:Philippine resistance against Japan
5183:Peasant movement in the Philippines
4749:Cordillera People's Liberation Army
4688:Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930
4665:Second Great Rectification Movement
4137:
3860:"Rectify Errors, Rebuild Our Party"
3757:Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas 1930
3616:
3078:Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930
3064:RPMM-Revolutionary Proletarian Army
2985:Second Great Rectification Movement
2911:Propaganda socialista fra contadini
2904:
2837:in 1996 and linked itself with the
2800:Second Great Rectification Movement
2794:Second Great Rectification Movement
2784:Cordillera People's Liberation Army
2747:Interim Batasang Pambansa elections
2425:Serve the People – Communist League
1467:Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930
13:
4698:Communist Party of the Philippines
4693:Socialist Party of the Philippines
4660:First Great Rectification Movement
4559:
4213:
3947:Castillo, Laurence Marvin (2021).
3714:globalsouthstudies.as.virginia.edu
3355:(Republic Act 1700). June 20, 1957
3101:(most probably defunct since 2007)
3009:Communist Party of the Philippines
2688:Communist Party of the Philippines
2383:Communist Party of the Philippines
1658:Communist Party of the Philippines
1654:First Great Rectification Movement
1445:Socialist Party of the Philippines
1160:Communist Party of the Philippines
1122:Martial Law Era of the Philippines
14:
5698:
4765:Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina
4521:
4111:"The Cordillera: Trial and Error"
3972:Cruz, Tonyo (December 18, 2022).
3635:
3376:
3324:Philippine Revolution Web Central
3282:. University of California Press.
3069:Partido ng Manggagawang Pilipino
2862:Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino
2701:Philippine Society and Revolution
2405:Communist Party of India (Maoist)
1475:Democratic Alliance (Philippines)
1424:founded by Manuel Palomares, the
1397:University of Toilers of the East
1389:Red International of Labor Unions
1236:Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina
900:Criticism of communist party rule
5655:
5646:
5645:
5250:
5178:Labor history in the Philippines
4868:Samahang Demokratiko ng Kabataan
4770:UniĂłn de Impresores de Filipinas
3904:Inside the Philippine Revolution
3653:"May 1st, a History of Struggle"
3608:Halili, Maria Christine (2004).
3138:National Democracy (Philippines)
2618:
2606:
2594:
2582:
2281:Down to the Countryside Movement
1689:
1370:In 1922, Antonio Ora formed the
1319:The UOD was rechristened as the
1244:Union de Impresores de Filipinas
1229:
1054:
1043:
923:21st-century communist theorists
37:
4806:Aguman ding Maldang Talapagobra
4790:Congress of Labor Organizations
4592:under the name Jim Richardson).
4391:
4297:Santos, Soliman M. Jr. (2010).
3775:
3702:
3638:Struggle for National Democracy
2953:. From 1928–1930, the COF sent
2870:Sosyalistang Partido ng Paggawa
2740:Armed Forces of the Philippines
2706:Struggle for National Democracy
2686:, and twelve others formed the
1450:Aguman ding Maldang Talapagobra
1140:Partido Sosyalista ng Pilipinas
1126:Armed Forces of the Philippines
166:Dictatorship of the proletariat
116:to each according to his needs"
5613:British Indian Ocean Territory
4742:Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan
4725:Revolutionary Proletarian Army
4447:Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia
3906:. London: I.B. Tauris and Co.
3446:
3050:Revolutionary Proletarian Army
3031:Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan
2974:Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas
2965:Current parties and ideologies
2847:Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan
2835:Revolutionary Proletarian Army
2790:and has since laid down arms.
2452:International Communist League
2134:A Critique of Soviet Economics
2116:On the Ten Major Relationships
1485:Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas
1349:Union del Trabajo de Filipinas
1240:Union del Trabajo de Filipinas
1134:Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas
1:
4301:. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
3143:
3072:Armadong Partisano ng Paggawa
2788:engaged in peace negotiations
2669:University of the Philippines
2410:Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party
1338:A certificate of membership (
104:Critique of political economy
5682:Communism in the Philippines
5168:Anarchism in the Philippines
4775:Congreso Obrero de Filipinas
4628:Communism in the Philippines
4572:Journal of Contemporary Asia
3684:Journal of Contemporary Asia
3278:Kerkvliet, Benjamin (1970).
3133:Anarchism in the Philippines
3083:Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan
2943:Communist Party of Indonesia
2704:, building off his previous
2204:Chinese Communist Revolution
1736:Continuous revolution theory
1627:Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan
1364:Congreso Obrero de Filipinas
1358:American Federation of Labor
1248:Congreso Obrero de Filipinas
1145:Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon
1098:Communism in the Philippines
1017:Socialist mode of production
933:Anti-communist mass killings
871:Workers of the world, unite!
126:Proletarian internationalism
7:
5198:Anti-Subversion Act of 1957
4832:Partido Obrero de Filipinas
3121:
2899:
2522:National Democracy Movement
2320:Maoist insurgency in Turkey
2310:New People's Army rebellion
1596:1946 Presidential elections
1594:, supporting Osmeña in the
1198:, was established in 1973.
985:Marx's theory of alienation
10:
5703:
4497:Mojares, Resil B. (2006).
4116:International Crisis Group
4015:10.1177/0967828X9500300106
3891:. Quezon City: IBON Books.
3663:(32). Alipato Publications
3569:Sison, Jose Maria (2015).
3040:Marxist-Leninist parties:
2797:
2667:, then a professor in the
2298:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
2209:People's Republic of China
1711:Antagonistic contradiction
1651:
1464:
1233:
1224:
5641:
5600:
5560:
5302:
5248:
5238:2022 Samar boat explosion
5160:
5078:
5037:
5001:
4925:
4887:
4880:
4845:
4824:
4798:
4780:Collective Labor Movement
4757:
4708:National Democratic Front
4680:
4673:
4643:Communist armed conflicts
4635:
4584:10.1080/00472337785390521
4088:Liwanag, Armando (1993).
4049:Liwanag, Armando (1993).
3902:Chapman, William (1988).
3818:10.1080/01436590500369253
3696:10.1080/00472337785390521
3651:Oliveros, Benjie (2006).
3612:. Manila: Rex Book Store.
2507:Mao's cult of personality
2447:Parties and Organizations
2340:Internal conflict in Peru
1548:, eleven days before the
1443:independently formed the
1342:) to the UIF (circa 1918)
5362:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4566:Lorimer, Norman (1977).
4327:World Socialist Web Site
4003:South East Asia Research
3782:Scalice, Joseph (2017).
3551:Abinales, P. N. (1986).
3184:Richardson, Jim (2011).
2415:Communist Party of Burma
2330:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
2325:Death and funeral of Mao
2158:Bombard the Headquarters
2150:Historic Eight Documents
1763:Newborn socialist things
1461:Establishment of the PKP
1309:Unión Obrera Democrática
1108:movements originated in
151:Workers' self-management
5623:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5233:2021 Masbate City blast
4400:Southeast Asian Affairs
4166:Southeast Asian Affairs
3242:Saulo, Alfredo (1990).
2951:Chinese Communist Party
2886:Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
2733:protracted people's war
2719:blamed the CPP for the
2569:Thought reform in China
2502:Left communism in China
2368:Chinese Communist Party
2187:Chinese Soviet Republic
1841:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
1793:Revolutionary base area
1598:in an effort to defeat
1422:Pagkakaisa ng Magsasaka
1314:La Redencion del Obrero
1219:protracted people's war
1007:Revolutionary socialism
199:Socialization (Marxism)
3742: (Phil. 1932).
3585:"Isabelo de los Reyes"
2288:New Communist movement
1587:
1407:
1343:
1257:
5223:Attacks and incidents
4730:Alex Boncayao Brigade
3806:Third World Quarterly
3055:Alex Boncayao Brigade
2839:Alex Boncayao Brigade
2798:Further information:
2786:. Shortly after, it
2721:Plaza Miranda bombing
2021:Muppala Lakshmana Rao
1831:Maoism–Third Worldism
1798:Seek truth from facts
1652:Further information:
1585:
1465:Further information:
1405:
1337:
1255:
1234:Further information:
958:Intentional community
74:Collective leadership
5537:United Arab Emirates
4933:Crisanto Evangelista
4897:Isabelo de los Reyes
3929:Mao and People's War
3555:. SEAP Publications.
3086:(defunct since 1957)
2613:Socialism portal
2601:Communism portal
2475:Big-character poster
2256:Black Power movement
2100:On Guerrilla Warfare
1773:One Divides into Two
1483:On August 26, 1930,
1479:Hukbalahap Rebellion
1426:Kapatirang Magsasaka
1382:Crisanto Evangelista
1262:Isabelo de los Reyes
1061:Socialism portal
1050:Communism portal
905:Criticism of Marxism
895:Communist propaganda
315:Fourth International
305:Second International
84:Communist revolution
5564:limited recognition
4978:Primitivo Arrogante
4953:Guillermo Capadocia
4853:Kabataang Makabayan
4837:Democratic Alliance
4478:on January 10, 2023
4354:. September 6, 2016
3763:on November 7, 2017
3740:GR L-36278 SCRA
3636:Sison, Jose Maria.
2995:Major organizations
2983:In the wake of the
2625:Politics portal
2559:Red Star Over China
2430:Black Panther Party
2315:Sino-Albanian split
2293:Cambodian Civil War
2266:16 May Notification
2261:Cultural Revolution
1813:Three Worlds Theory
1741:Cultural Revolution
1592:Democratic Alliance
1590:The PKP formed the
1340:Katibayan ng Kaanib
1170:(writing under the
1012:Socialist economics
928:Anti anti-communism
917:Related topics
853:Red flag (politics)
310:Third International
300:First International
121:Market abolitionism
64:Class consciousness
5081:of the Philippines
5029:Mateo del Castillo
4917:Pascual H. Poblete
4888:Early thinkers and
4846:Mass organizations
3610:Philippine History
3330:on August 12, 2021
2890:Benigno Aquino III
2710:Mao Zedong Thought
2517:National communism
2470:Anarchism in China
2345:Nepalese Civil War
2303:Naxalbari uprising
2251:Great Leap Forward
1971:Ä°brahim Kaypakkaya
1936:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
1911:Charles Bettelheim
1808:Social imperialism
1788:Proletarian nation
1706:Agrarian socialism
1588:
1493:Russian Revolution
1489:Cry of Pugad Lawin
1408:
1344:
1258:
1032:Worker cooperative
990:National communism
963:Left-wing politics
864:The Internationale
204:Economic democracy
5669:
5668:
5606:other territories
5297:Communism in Asia
5264:
5263:
5156:
5155:
5055:Silvestre Liwanag
5014:Casto Alejandrino
4993:Pedro Abad Santos
4902:Hermenegildo Cruz
4876:
4875:
4825:Political parties
4703:New People's Army
4653:New People's Army
4508:978-971-550-496-6
4308:978-2-940415-29-8
4244:"About the RPM-M"
3958:978-971-542-925-2
3858:Guerrero, Amado.
3118:
3117:
3095:Defunct parties:
3014:New People's Army
2776:popular democracy
2764:Mendiola Massacre
2696:New People's Army
2661:
2660:
2388:New People's Army
2246:Sino-Soviet split
2108:On Protracted War
2076:Movement in Hunan
2068:Theoretical works
1726:Capitalist roader
1662:New People's Army
1573:Casto Alejandrino
1441:Pedro Abad Santos
1352:(UTF), headed by
1300:Hermenegildo Cruz
1188:Sino-Soviet Split
1176:New People's Army
1095:
1094:
848:Hammer and sickle
333:Communist Parties
141:Stateless society
136:Social revolution
99:Communist society
69:Classless society
5694:
5659:
5649:
5648:
5618:Christmas Island
5304:Sovereign states
5291:
5284:
5277:
5268:
5267:
5258:
5257:Communism portal
5254:
5103:Bernabe Buscayno
5088:Jose Maria Sison
5065:Bernardo Poblete
4885:
4884:
4681:Communist groups
4678:
4677:
4629:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4597:
4596:
4587:
4553:
4552:
4546:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4474:. Archived from
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4294:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4269:www.marxists.org
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4214:Pabico, Alecks.
4211:
4198:
4197:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4085:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4055:
4046:
4035:
4034:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3944:
3933:
3932:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3864:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3788:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3759:. Archived from
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3633:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3566:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3529:
3528:
3484:
3459:
3458:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3434:on March 4, 2016
3433:
3422:
3414:
3387:
3386:
3383:Associated Press
3374:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3326:. Archived from
3315:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3248:
3247:
3239:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3000:
2905:Early ideologues
2816:Commission, and
2717:Ferdinand Marcos
2665:Jose Maria Sison
2653:
2646:
2639:
2623:
2622:
2611:
2610:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2589:China portal
2587:
2586:
2585:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2126:Among the People
2120:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2084:On Contradiction
2080:
2036:Jose Maria Sison
1753:Marxism–Leninism
1721:Anti-revisionism
1716:Anti-imperialism
1693:
1670:
1669:
1521:Second World War
1395:to study in the
1294:Barcelona, Spain
1286:Francisco Ferrer
1215:split in the CPP
1207:Ferdinand Marcos
1180:Bernabe Buscayno
1168:Jose Maria Sison
1118:Second World War
1087:
1080:
1073:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1046:
953:Internationalism
943:Communitarianism
295:Communist League
194:Common ownership
161:World revolution
109:Free association
41:
18:
17:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5637:
5605:
5596:
5577:Northern Cyprus
5563:
5556:
5298:
5295:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5244:
5152:
5133:Emmanuel Lacaba
5080:
5079:Communist Party
5074:
5050:Peregrino Taruc
5033:
5019:Jacinto Manahan
5002:Peasant leaders
4997:
4921:
4912:Dominador GĂłmez
4889:
4872:
4841:
4820:
4794:
4753:
4669:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4562:
4560:Further reading
4557:
4556:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4522:Umali, Justin.
4520:
4516:
4509:
4495:
4491:
4481:
4479:
4468:"RPM-P/RPA/ABB"
4466:
4465:
4461:
4451:
4449:
4439:
4435:
4412:10.1355/SEAA94O
4396:
4392:
4382:
4380:
4374:"Brief History"
4372:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4355:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4295:
4284:
4274:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4220:GMA News Online
4212:
4201:
4178:10.1355/SEAA94O
4162:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4144:GMA News Online
4138:De Mesa, Karl.
4136:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4092:
4086:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4053:
4047:
4038:
3999:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3945:
3936:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3900:
3896:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3862:
3856:
3849:
3802:
3798:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3649:
3645:
3640:(3rd ed.).
3634:
3617:
3606:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3567:
3560:
3549:
3532:
3501:10.1355/sj33-2q
3485:
3462:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3390:
3375:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3316:
3287:
3276:
3251:
3240:
3193:
3182:
3151:
3146:
3124:
3119:
3102:
3087:
2997:
2967:
2931:Harrison George
2907:
2902:
2894:Rodrigo Duterte
2866:Liga Sosyalista
2802:
2796:
2772:Kampanyang Ahos
2657:
2617:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2574:
2573:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2350:Chongqing model
2182:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2061:
2060:
1881:Louis Althusser
1866:
1858:
1857:
1846:Gonzalo Thought
1826:
1818:
1817:
1783:Probable defeat
1701:
1668:
1650:
1481:
1463:
1430:Teodoro Sandiko
1428:established by
1325:Dominador GĂłmez
1290:MontjuĂŻc prison
1250:
1232:
1227:
1091:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1036:
918:
910:
909:
885:
877:
876:
843:
833:
832:
761:
753:
752:
383:
373:
372:
328:
320:
319:
290:
280:
279:
224:
214:
213:
184:Planned economy
179:
171:
170:
156:World communism
131:Labour movement
115:
89:Communist state
79:Communist party
54:Anti-capitalism
49:
12:
11:
5:
5700:
5690:
5689:
5684:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5653:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5271:
5262:
5261:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5220:
5214:
5209:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5161:Related topics
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5148:Luis Jalandoni
5145:
5143:Conrado Balweg
5140:
5135:
5130:
5128:Filemon Lagman
5125:
5123:Gregorio Rosal
5120:
5115:
5113:Benito Tiamzon
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5093:Fidel Agcaoili
5090:
5084:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5060:Agaton Bulaong
5057:
5052:
5047:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4988:Jorge Frianeza
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4948:Mariano Balgos
4945:
4940:
4935:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4907:Lope K. Santos
4904:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4799:Peasant groups
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4623:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4578:(4): 462–485.
4561:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4549:Banned Thought
4533:
4514:
4507:
4489:
4459:
4433:
4390:
4365:
4339:
4314:
4307:
4282:
4256:
4232:
4199:
4156:
4130:
4102:
4071:
4058:Banned Thought
4036:
3990:
3964:
3957:
3934:
3919:
3912:
3894:
3879:
3867:Banned Thought
3847:
3796:
3774:
3744:
3726:
3701:
3690:(4): 462–485.
3674:
3643:
3615:
3597:
3576:
3558:
3530:
3495:(2): 457–498.
3460:
3445:
3388:
3366:
3341:
3285:
3249:
3191:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3105:PMLP-Partisano
3100:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2966:
2963:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2882:Joseph Estrada
2818:Filemon Lagman
2795:
2792:
2780:Conrado Balweg
2759:Corazon Aquino
2752:1986 elections
2684:Amado Guerrero
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2480:Feudal fascism
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:Related topics
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2192:Jiangxi Soviet
2183:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:Zhang Chunqiao
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2026:Narayan Sanyal
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2006:Huey P. Newton
2003:
1998:
1996:Charu Majumdar
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1966:George Jackson
1963:
1958:
1953:
1951:Abimael Guzmán
1948:
1946:Norm Gallagher
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1851:Prachanda Path
1848:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1803:Self-criticism
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1649:
1646:
1620:Bell Trade Act
1550:Fall of Bataan
1505:James S. Allen
1462:
1459:
1378:1925 elections
1373:Partido Obrero
1354:Lope K. Santos
1323:(UODF) by Dr.
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
997:
987:
982:
977:
976:
975:
970:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
902:
897:
892:
890:Anti-communism
886:
884:Criticism
883:
882:
879:
878:
875:
874:
867:
860:
855:
850:
844:
839:
838:
835:
834:
831:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
789:
788:
778:
773:
768:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
384:
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
318:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
291:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
276:
275:
265:
260:
259:
258:
248:
247:
246:
241:
231:
225:
220:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
59:Class conflict
56:
50:
47:
46:
43:
42:
34:
33:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5699:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5652:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5587:South Ossetia
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5292:
5287:
5285:
5280:
5278:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5259:
5253:
5247:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5228:Rano massacre
5226:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:UP–DND accord
5210:
5208:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:Domino theory
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5118:Wilma Tiamzon
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:Antonio Zumel
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5077:
5071:
5070:Felipa Culala
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4943:Cirilo Bognot
4941:
4939:
4938:Domingo Ponce
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4890:labor leaders
4886:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4674:Organizations
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4591:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4550:
4543:
4537:
4529:
4528:Esquiremag.ph
4525:
4518:
4510:
4504:
4500:
4493:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4448:
4444:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4310:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4009:(1): 92–119.
4008:
4004:
3997:
3995:
3979:
3975:
3968:
3960:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3913:1-85043-114-0
3909:
3905:
3898:
3890:
3883:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3852:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3812:(1): 85–100.
3811:
3807:
3800:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3611:
3604:
3602:
3586:
3580:
3572:
3565:
3563:
3554:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3456:
3449:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3371:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3114:
3111:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:Elisee Reclus
2917:
2912:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2681:nom de guerre
2677:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:Organizations
2359:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Two Whatevers
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2276:January Storm
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Pierre Mulele
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Harry Haywood
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Afzal Bangash
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:New Democracy
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:Sergio Osmeña
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1513:Popular Front
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:Supreme Court
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:Early history
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:nom de guerre
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:reestablished
1161:
1158:In 1968, the
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:(HUKBALAHAP,
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:War communism
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
992:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
914:
913:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
881:
880:
872:
868:
865:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
842:
837:
836:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
757:
756:
749:
746:
744:
743:Moufawad-Paul
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
382:
377:
376:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
327:Organisations
324:
323:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
289:
284:
283:
274:
271:
270:
269:
266:
264:
261:
257:
254:
253:
252:
249:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
223:
218:
217:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
175:
174:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
51:
45:
44:
40:
36:
35:
32:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
5602:Dependencies
5532:Turkmenistan
5497:Saudi Arabia
5481:
5204:
5138:Edgar Jopson
4983:Pedro Castro
4963:Vicente Lava
4758:Labor unions
4626:
4575:
4571:
4548:
4536:
4527:
4517:
4498:
4492:
4480:. Retrieved
4476:the original
4471:
4462:
4450:. Retrieved
4446:
4436:
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3328:the original
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2662:
2494:
2229:2002–present
2041:Wang Hongwen
2031:Siraj Sikder
1901:Mohan Baidya
1896:Alain Badiou
1778:People's war
1642:
1638:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1600:Manuel Roxas
1589:
1562:
1558:
1554:
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1530:Vicente Lava
1518:
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1203:dictatorship
1200:
1192:united front
1157:
1148:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1110:labor unions
1097:
1096:
938:Anti-fascism
818:Soviet Union
807:
189:Gift economy
146:Wage slavery
15:
5661:Asia portal
5562:States with
5482:Philippines
5422:South Korea
5417:North Korea
5312:Afghanistan
5219:(NTF-ELCAC)
5024:Jaime Tadeo
4958:Antonio Ora
4926:PKP members
4590:republished
4482:January 10,
4452:January 10,
4406:: 252–264.
4383:January 10,
4358:January 10,
4332:January 10,
4275:January 10,
4249:January 10,
4225:January 10,
4172:: 252–264.
4149:January 10,
4123:January 10,
4064:January 10,
3983:January 10,
3438:January 10,
3425:Asia Report
2955:pensionados
2924:Maxim Gorky
2725:Martial Law
2532:Nazi-Maoism
2153:(1965—1966)
2092:On Practice
2046:Yao Wenyuan
1941:Saroj Dutta
1891:Bob Avakian
1836:Mao-spontex
1541:Nueva Ecija
1519:During the
1393:pensionados
1182:(under the
1022:Trade union
980:LGBT rights
808:Philippines
251:Pre-Marxist
244:Libertarian
5676:Categories
5542:Uzbekistan
5517:Tajikistan
5432:Kyrgyzstan
5412:Kazakhstan
5332:Bangladesh
5322:Azerbaijan
5098:Nilo Tayag
5045:Luis Taruc
5038:Hukbalahap
5009:Juan Feleo
4973:Jesus Lava
4715:Hukbalahap
4648:Hukbalahap
4352:Green Left
4097:Rebolusyon
3872:January 9,
3667:January 9,
3334:January 8,
3144:References
2947:Zhou Enlai
2939:Tan Malaka
2916:Emile Zola
2554:Red Guards
2271:Red August
2241:Korean War
2199:Long March
2051:Akram Yari
2011:Nie Yuanzi
1981:Kang Sheng
1976:Jiang Qing
1886:Samir Amin
1876:Faiz Ahmad
1871:Mao Zedong
1634:Malacañang
1616:Jesus Lava
1612:Juan Feleo
1569:Luis Taruc
1546:Hukbalahap
1471:Hukbalahap
1455:Hukbalahap
1153:Luis Taruc
623:Berlinguer
513:Khrushchev
5628:Hong Kong
5582:Palestine
5507:Sri Lanka
5502:Singapore
5382:Indonesia
5205:Karagatan
4968:José Lava
4420:0377-5437
4265:"History"
4186:0377-5437
4023:0967-828X
3842:145728575
3826:0143-6597
3525:149937065
3509:0217-9520
3359:March 26,
2490:Guevarism
2224:1989–2002
2219:1976–1989
2214:1949–1976
1931:Chin Peng
1926:Chen Boda
1758:Mass line
1746:Four Olds
1731:Comprador
1439:In 1932,
1329:Labor Day
1278:Malatesta
1266:ilustrado
1213:led to a
1172:pseudonym
1106:Communist
1002:Red Scare
760:By region
738:Hatherley
568:Althusser
503:Togliatti
453:Kollontai
448:Luxemburg
433:Pannekoek
428:Malatesta
423:Kropotkin
273:Christian
268:Religious
263:Primitive
229:Anarchist
209:Use value
178:Economics
31:Communism
5651:Category
5572:Abkhazia
5522:Thailand
5477:Pakistan
5457:Mongolia
5452:Maldives
5447:Malaysia
5347:Cambodia
5207:incident
4428:27912105
4194:27912105
4031:23746900
3719:July 18,
3657:Bulatlat
3590:July 19,
3517:26538540
3122:See also
2900:Ideology
2858:Sanlakas
2547:Japanese
2537:New Left
2527:Naxalite
2485:Hoxhaism
2016:Qi Benyu
1991:Lin Biao
1986:Li Minqi
1961:Ted Hill
1921:Bo Xilai
1825:Variants
1700:Concepts
1675:a series
1673:Part of
1604:Congress
1491:and the
1270:Proudhon
1120:and the
973:New Left
968:Old Left
858:Red star
771:Colombia
688:Gordillo
663:Holloway
608:Guattari
578:Pasolini
563:Hobsbawm
548:Beauvoir
508:Benjamin
483:Bukharin
473:Thälmann
239:Leninist
222:Variants
48:Concepts
23:a series
21:Part of
5547:Vietnam
5462:Myanmar
5442:Lebanon
5372:Georgia
5327:Bahrain
5317:Armenia
4588:(later
4378:Akbayan
3978:Rappler
3834:4017661
2949:of the
2941:of the
2933:of the
2874:Akbayan
2542:Chinese
2181:History
1516:China.
1274:Bakunin
1225:History
1114:peasant
995:Romania
841:Symbols
828:Vietnam
823:Sumatra
766:Britain
733:Prashad
713:Graeber
693:Gilmore
678:Sankara
668:Hampton
603:Guevara
553:Nkrumah
533:Padmore
493:Gramsci
463:Trotsky
438:Du Bois
398:Meslier
288:History
256:Utopian
234:Marxism
94:Commune
5592:Taiwan
5527:Turkey
5492:Russia
5427:Kuwait
5407:Jordan
5397:Israel
5357:Cyprus
5342:Brunei
5337:Bhutan
4881:People
4636:Events
4505:
4426:
4418:
4305:
4192:
4184:
4029:
4021:
3955:
3910:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3738:,
3523:
3515:
3507:
3113:
2959:Moscow
2945:, and
2892:, and
2673:Maoist
2512:Nanjie
2169:(1983)
2161:(1966)
2145:(1964)
2137:(1960)
2129:(1957)
2119:(1956)
2111:(1938)
2103:(1937)
2095:(1937)
2087:(1937)
2079:(1927)
1916:Biplav
1865:People
1683:Maoism
1664:, and
1614:, and
1608:Senate
1565:USAFFE
1537:Cabiao
1525:Manila
1477:, and
1246:, and
1194:, the
1190:. Its
813:Poland
786:Kerala
776:France
728:Fisher
723:Kelley
718:Lordon
698:Marcos
683:Ă–calan
648:Newton
638:Badiou
633:Guzmán
613:Debord
598:Berger
593:Castro
583:Mandel
573:Freire
538:Sartre
478:Makhno
468:Lukács
458:Stalin
418:Morris
413:Engels
403:Babeuf
388:Mazdak
381:People
5633:Macau
5552:Yemen
5512:Syria
5487:Qatar
5467:Nepal
5402:Japan
5377:India
5367:Egypt
5352:China
4545:(PDF)
4424:JSTOR
4190:JSTOR
4093:(PDF)
4054:(PDF)
4027:JSTOR
3863:(PDF)
3838:S2CID
3830:JSTOR
3787:(PDF)
3521:S2CID
3513:JSTOR
3432:(PDF)
3421:(PDF)
2496:Juche
1264:, an
798:Nepal
793:Korea
781:India
748:Saito
703:Hardt
673:Zizek
658:Davis
643:Sison
628:Negri
588:Fanon
543:Hoxha
528:James
443:Lenin
5472:Oman
5437:Laos
5392:Iraq
5387:Iran
4503:ISBN
4484:2023
4454:2023
4416:ISSN
4404:1994
4385:2023
4360:2023
4334:2023
4303:ISBN
4277:2023
4251:2023
4227:2023
4182:ISSN
4170:1994
4151:2023
4125:2023
4099:(1).
4066:2023
4019:ISSN
3985:2023
3953:ISBN
3908:ISBN
3874:2023
3822:ISSN
3793:(1).
3769:2017
3721:2024
3669:2016
3592:2024
3505:ISSN
3440:2016
3361:2017
3336:2016
2972:The
2808:and
1606:and
1282:Marx
1162:was
1112:and
803:Peru
708:Dean
618:Amin
523:Zhou
498:Tito
408:Marx
393:More
363:WFSW
358:WIDF
348:WFDY
343:WFTU
5604:and
5203:MV
4580:doi
4408:doi
4174:doi
4011:doi
3814:doi
3692:doi
3497:doi
2957:to
1292:in
1205:of
1166:by
653:Ali
558:Kim
518:Mao
368:IOR
353:IUS
338:WPC
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