Class conflict - Knowledge

2547: 4371:, Book I, Chapter 11, Part 2. 'The interest of the dealers, however, in any particular branch of trade or manufactures, is always in some respects different from, and even opposite to, that of the public. To widen the market, and to narrow the competition, is always the interest of the dealers. To widen the market may frequently be agreeable enough to the interest of the public; but to narrow the competition must always be against it, and can only serve to enable the dealers, by raising their profits above what they naturally would be, to levy, for their own benefit, an absurd tax upon the rest of their fellow-citizens. The proposal of any new law or regulation of commerce which comes from this order, ought always to be listened to with great precaution, and ought never to be adopted till after having been long and carefully examined, not only with the most scrupulous, but with the most suspicious attention. It comes from an order of men, whose interest is never exactly the same with that of the public, who have generally an interest to deceive and even to oppress the public, and who accordingly have, upon many occasions, both deceived and oppressed it.' 1793:, the two classes of people who commonly employ the largest capitals, and who by their wealth draw to themselves the greatest share of the public consideration. As during their whole lives they are engaged in plans and projects, they have frequently more acuteness of understanding than the greater part of country gentlemen. As their thoughts, however, are commonly exercised rather about the interest of their own particular branch of business than about that of the society, their judgment, even when given with the greatest candour (which it has not been upon every occasion), is much more to be depended upon with regard to the former of those two objects, than with regard to the latter. Their superiority over the country gentleman is, not so much in their knowledge of the public interest, as in their having a better knowledge of their own interest than he has of his. It is by this superior knowledge of their own interest that they have frequently imposed upon his generosity, and persuaded him to give up both his own interest and that of the public, from a very simple but honest conviction, that their interest, and not his, was the interest of the public. 4424:, Chapter 3. ' Yet does Parliament, or almost any of the members composing it, ever for an instant look at any question with the eyes of a working man? When a subject arises in which the laborers as such have an interest, is it regarded from any point of view but that of the employers of labor? I do not say that the working men's view of these questions is in general nearer to the truth than the other, but it is sometimes quite as near; and in any case it ought to be respectfully listened to, instead of being, as it is, not merely turned away from, but ignored. On the question of strikes, for instance, it is doubtful if there is so much as one among the leading members of either House who is not firmly convinced that the reason of the matter is unqualifiedly on the side of the masters, and that the men's view of it is simply absurd. Those who have studied the question know well how far this is from being the case, and in how different, and how infinitely less superficial a manner the point would have to be argued, if the classes who strike were able to make themselves heard in Parliament.' 1520:) which live without government enjoy in their general mass an infinitely greater degree of happiness than those who live under the European governments. Among the former, public opinion is in the place of law, & restrains morals as powerfully as laws ever did anywhere. Among the latter, under pretence of governing they have divided their nations into two classes, wolves & sheep. I do not exaggerate. This is a true picture of Europe. Cherish therefore the spirit of our people, and keep alive their attention. Do not be too severe upon their errors, but reclaim them by enlightening them. If once they become inattentive to the public affairs, you & I, & Congress & Assemblies, judges & governors shall all become wolves. It seems to be the law of our general nature, in spite of individual exceptions; and experience declares that man is the only animal which devours his own kind, for I can apply no milder term to the governments of Europe, and to the general prey of the rich on the poor. 4353:, Book IV, Chapter 7, Part 2. 'In other countries, rent and profit eat up wages, and the two superior orders of people oppress the inferior one; but in new colonies, the interest of the two superior orders obliges them to treat the inferior one with more generosity and humanity, at least where that inferior one is not in a state of slavery. Waste lands, of the greatest natural fertility, are to be had for a trifle. The increase of revenue which the proprietor, who is always the undertaker, expects from their improvement, constitutes his profit, which, in these circumstances, is commonly very great; but this great profit cannot be made, without employing the labour of other people in clearing and cultivating the land; and the disproportion between the great extent of the land and the small number of the people, which commonly takes place in new colonies, makes it difficult for him to get this labour. He does not, therefore, dispute about wages, but is willing to employ labour at any price.' 4443:, Chapter 6. 'In a state of society thus composed, if the representative system could be made ideally perfect, and if it were possible to maintain it in that state, its organization must be such that these two classes, manual laborers and their affinities on one side, employers of labor and their affinities on the other, should be, in the arrangement of the representative system, equally balanced, each influencing about an equal number of votes in Parliament; since, assuming that the majority of each class, in any difference between them, would be mainly governed by their class interests, there would be a minority of each in whom that consideration would be subordinate to reason, justice, and the good of the whole; and this minority of either, joining with the whole of the other, would turn the scale against any demands of their own majority which were not such as ought to prevail.' 65: 3611:, Part II: 'An antagonism had early arisen between ancient and wealthy families and such as were poorer. Three parties, whose distinction had been grounded on their local position and the mode of life which that position suggested, were then fully recognized. These were, the Pediaeans — inhabitants of the plain, the rich and aristocratic; the Diacrians — mountaineers, cultivators of the vine and olive, and herdsmen, who were the most numerous class; and between the two the Paralians — inhabitants of the coast, the moderate party. The polity of the state was wavering between Aristocracy and Democracy. Solon effected, by his division into four property-classes, a medium between these opposites.' McMaster University. 3943:, Book IV, Chapter 7, Part 1. 'The citizens, therefore, who had no land, had scarce any other means of subsistence but the bounties of the candidates at the annual elections. The tribunes, when they had a mind to animate the people against the rich and the great, put them in mind of the ancient divisions of lands, and represented that law which restricted this sort of private property as the fundamental law of the republic. The people became clamorous to get land, and the rich and the great, we may believe, were perfectly determined not to give them any part of theirs. To satisfy them in some measure, therefore, they frequently proposed to send out a new colony.' 1313: 1901:

applying the craft-union tactics of excluding other workers from skilled trades, an economistic struggle may even weaken the working class as a whole by dividing it. Class struggle becomes more important in the historical process as it becomes more general, as industries are organized rather than crafts, as workers' class consciousness rises, and as they self-organize away from political parties. Marx referred to this as the progress of the proletariat from being a class "in itself", a position in the social structure, to being one "for itself", an active and conscious force that could change the world.

1988:(1864–1920) agreed with the fundamental ideas of Karl Marx about the economy causing class conflict, but claimed that class conflict can also stem from prestige and power. Weber argued that classes come from the different property locations. Different locations can largely affect one's class by their education and the people they associate with. He also stated that prestige results in different status groupings. This prestige is based upon the social status of one's parents. Prestige is an attributed value and many times cannot be changed. Weber stated that power differences led to the formation of 1472: 1048: 1664:

were not strong enough to defend themselves, were obliged either to have recourse to the protection of some great lord, and in order to obtain it, to become either his slaves or vassals; or to enter into a league of mutual defence for the common protection of one another. The inhabitants of cities and burghs, considered as single individuals, had no power to defend themselves; but by entering into a league of mutual defence with their neighbours, they were capable of making no contemptible resistance.

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prompted by envy to invade his possessions. It is only under the shelter of the civil magistrate, that the owner of that valuable property, which is acquired by the labour of many years, or perhaps of many successive generations, can sleep a single night in security. He is at all times surrounded by unknown enemies, whom, though he never provoked, he can never appease, and from whose injustice he can be protected only by the powerful arm of the civil magistrate, continually held up to chastise it.

844: 11316: 9174: 1908:, which ultimately results in class conflict. He states that capitalism creates a division between classes which can most clearly be seen in factories. The proletariat is separated from the bourgeoisie because production becomes a social enterprise. Contributing to their separation is the technology that is in factories. Technological advances de-skill and alienate workers as they are no longer viewed as having a specialized skill. Another effect of technology is a homogenous 2202: 2064: 1711:. His wages properly express the value of this labour of inspection and direction. Though in settling them some regard is had commonly, not only to his labour and skill, but to the trust which is reposed in him, yet they never bear any regular proportion to the capital of which he oversees the management; and the owner of this capital, though he is thus discharged of almost all labour, still expects that his profit should bear a regular proportion to his capital. 650: 12612: 11279: 2372: 833: 7395: 1220: 1369: 11328: 11304: 9186: 11291: 4013:. 'The law, which they thus abuse, serves the powerful at once as a weapon of offence, and as a shield against the weak; and the pretext of the public good is always the most dangerous scourge of the people. What is most necessary, and perhaps most difficult, in government, is rigid integrity in doing strict justice to all, and above all in protecting the poor against the tyranny of the rich.' 1812: 1238:"The savage beasts," said he, "in Italy, have their particular dens, they have their places of repose and refuge; but the men who bear arms, and expose their lives for the safety of their country, enjoy in the meantime nothing more in it but the air and light; and having no houses or settlements of their own, are constrained to wander from place to place with their wives and children." 855: 2153:(1840) states that "certain classes do not relish investigation into the pretended titles to property, and its fabulous and perhaps scandalous history." While Proudhon saw the solution as the lower classes forming an alternative, solidarity economy centered on cooperatives and self-managed workplaces, which would slowly undermine and replace capitalist class society, the anarchist 1340:, fought on the other side of the class war, for the patricians and against the plebs. When grain arrived to relieve a serious shortage in the city of Rome, the plebs made it known that they felt it ought to be divided amongst them as a gift, but Coriolanus stood up in the Senate against this idea on the grounds that it would empower the plebs at the expense of the patricians. 873:. When anarchists like Bakunin speak of class struggle, they have a broader definition of "social class" which encompasses "notions of domination and privilege" in the political and cultural spheres as well as the economic. Bakunin believed the successful struggle of the dominated classes would achieve a revolution to depose the ruling elites and create a stateless or 3965:, Part II. 'Nevertheless a part of the poorer classes would not submit to the degradations of poverty, for everyone felt himself a free citizen. The only expedient, therefore, that remained, was colonization. In another country, those who suffered distress in their own, might seek a free soil, and gain a living as free citizens by its cultivation.' 1699:, it may perhaps be thought, are only a different name for the wages of a particular sort of labour, the labour of inspection and direction. They are, however, altogether different, are regulated by quite different principles, and bear no proportion to the quantity, the hardship, or the ingenuity of this supposed labour of inspection and direction. 2495:, asserted in 2014 that class conflict is an inevitability if current political and economic conditions continue, noting that "people are increasingly fed up their voices are not being heard. And I think that can only go on for so long without there being more and more outbreaks of what used to be called class struggle, class warfare." 4121:, Part III, Paragraph 244. 'When a large number of people sink below the standard of living regarded as essential for the members of society, and lose that sense of right, rectitude, and honour which is derived from self-support, a pauper class arises, and wealth accumulates disproportionately in the hands of a few.' 1673:

necessary subsistence; because, to acquire more, might only tempt the injustice of their oppressors. On the contrary, when they are secure of enjoying the fruits of their industry, they naturally exert it to better their condition, and to acquire not only the necessaries, but the conveniencies and elegancies of life.

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But not every instance of class struggle from below constitutes a grave threat to capitalism, or even to the authority of an individual capitalist. A narrow struggle for higher wages by a small sector of the working class, what is often called "economism", hardly threatens the status quo. In fact, by

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No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable. It is but equity, besides, that they who feed, clothe, and lodge the whole body of the people, should have such a share of the produce of their own labour as to be themselves tolerably

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Smith observed that, outside of colonies where land is cheap and labour expensive, both the masters who subsist by profit and the masters who subsist by rents will work in tandem to subjugate the class of workmen, who subsist by wages. Moreover, he warned against blindly legislating in favour of the

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In order to understand this, it must be remembered, that, in those days, the sovereign of perhaps no country in Europe was able to protect, through the whole extent of his dominions, the weaker part of his subjects from the oppression of the great lords. Those whom the law could not protect, and who

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Class conflict is most commonly described as occurring within capitalist societies. The conflict manifests itself as clashes between the capitalist class and working class, and takes the form of disputes over hours of work, amount paid in wages, division of profits, culture in the workplace, cost of

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expressed concern that the standard of living of the poor might drop so far as to make it even easier for the rich to amass even more wealth. Hegel believed that, especially in a liberal country such as contemporary England, the poorest will politicise their situation, channelling their frustrations

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revealed an emphatic concern with the conflict between rich and poor, commenting that "the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property. Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society. Those who

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They ne'er cared for us yet: suffer us to famish, and their store-houses crammed with grain; make edicts for usury, to support usurers; repeal daily any wholesome act established against the rich, and provide more piercing statutes daily, to chain up and restrain the poor. If the wars eat us not up,

4039:. 'It is therefore one of the most important functions of government to prevent extreme inequality of fortunes; not by taking away wealth from its possessors, but by depriving all men of means to accumulate it; not by building hospitals for the poor, but by securing the citizens from becoming poor.' 2613:

developed their concept of "class struggle", they were partly inspired by the older, non-biological notions of the "race" and the "race struggle". Quoting a non-existent 1882 letter from Marx to Friedrich Engels during a lecture, Foucault erroneously claimed Marx wrote: "You know very well where we

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What are the common wages of labour, depends everywhere upon the contract usually made between those two parties, whose interests are by no means the same. The workmen desire to get as much, the masters to give as little, as possible. The former are disposed to combine in order to raise, the latter

2362:, one of the wealthiest people in the world, voiced in 2005 and once more in 2006 his view that his class, the "rich class", is waging class warfare on the rest of society. In 2005 Buffet said to CNN: "It's class warfare, my class is winning, but they shouldn't be." In a November 2006 interview in 1923:

Even after a revolution, the two classes would struggle, but eventually the struggle would recede and the classes dissolve. As class boundaries broke down, the state apparatus would wither away. According to Marx, the main task of any state apparatus is to uphold the power of the ruling class; but

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Rousseau argued that the most important task of any government is to fight in class warfare on the side of workmen against their masters, who he said engage in exploitation under the pretence of serving society. Specifically, he believed that governments should actively intervene in the economy to

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describes the basic dimensions of class conflict: "Again, because the rich are generally few in number, while the poor are many, they appear to be antagonistic, and as the one or the other prevails they form the government.". Aristotle also commented that "poverty is the parent of revolution", but

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Not all class struggle is radical, violent or aggressive, as in the case of strikes, lockouts and workplace sabotage. Class antagonism can also surface in minor acts of pilferage, low worker morale, and individual worker resistance to petty authority and hoarding of information. On the employers'

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In all such disputes, the masters can hold out much longer. A landlord, a farmer, a master manufacturer, or merchant, though they did not employ a single workman, could generally live a year or two upon the stocks, which they have already acquired. Many workmen could not subsist a week, few could

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It is not, however, difficult to foresee which of the two parties must, upon all ordinary occasions, have the advantage in the dispute, and force the other into a compliance with their terms. The masters, being fewer in number, can combine much more easily: and the law, besides, authorises, or at

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Order and good government, and along with them the liberty and security of individuals, were in this manner established in cities, at a time when the occupiers of land in the country, were exposed to every sort of violence. But men in this defenceless state naturally content themselves with their

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believed that the amassing of property in the hands of a minority naturally resulted in a disharmonious state of affairs. He said that "avarice and ambition in the rich, in the poor the hatred of labour and the love of present ease and enjoyment, are the passions which prompt to invade property",

1975:

People feel obliged to argue that the State does more for the rich than for the poor, as a justification for its taking more from them: though this is in reality not true, for the rich would be far better able to protect themselves, in the absence of law or government, than the poor, and indeed

1801:

The proposal of any new law or regulation of commerce which comes from this order, ought always to be listened to with great precaution, and ought never to be adopted till after having been long and carefully examined, not only with the most scrupulous, but with the most suspicious attention. It

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The value which the workmen add to the materials, therefore, resolves itself in this case into two parts, of which the one pays their wages, the other the profits of their employer upon the whole stock of materials and wages which he advanced. He could have no interest to employ them, unless he

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Wherever there is a great property, there is great inequality. For one very rich man, there must be at least five hundred poor, and the affluence of the few supposes the indigence of the many. The affluence of the rich excites the indignation of the poor, who are often both driven by want, and

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he plebeians of Rome had been oppressed from the earliest times by the weight of debt and usury; and the husbandman, during the term of his military service, was obliged to abandon the cultivation of his farm. The lands of Italy which had been originally divided among the families of free and

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Where societies are socially divided based on status, wealth, or control of social production and distribution, class structures arise and are thus coeval with civilization itself. The rise of class structures eventually leads to class conflict. It is a pattern that has repeated since at least

1176:, meaning he could bypass public law in the pursuit of a prescribed mandate. Montesquieu explains that the purpose of this institution was to tilt the balance of power in favour of the patricians. However, in an attempt to resolve a conflict between the patricians and the plebs, the dictator 971:, in which disharmony between the oligarchs and the commoners would typically lead to each side calling on outside help to defeat the other. Thucydides believed that "as long as poverty gives men the courage of necessity, so long will the impulse never be wanting to drive men into danger." 2401:

Well, there’s always a class war going on. The United States, to an unusual extent, is a business-run society, more so than others. The business classes are very class-conscious – they’re constantly fighting a bitter class war to improve their power and diminish opposition.

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did not consider poverty to be the only cause of revolution. In a society where property is distributed equally throughout the community, "the nobles will be dissatisfied, because they think themselves worthy of more than an equal share of honors; and this is often found to be a cause of

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Tacitus believed that the increase in Roman power spurred the patricians to expand their power over more and more cities. This process, he felt, exacerbated pre-existing class tensions with the plebs, and eventually culminated in a civil war between the patrician Sulla and the

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are creditors, and those who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination." He welcomed class-based factions into political life as a necessary result of political liberty, stating that the most important task of government was to manage and adjust for 'the spirit of party'.

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hearings in October of that year. Apart from day-to-day forms of class conflict, there are also periods of crisis or revolution when class conflict takes on a violent nature and involves repression, assault, restriction of civil liberties, and assassinations or death squads.

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In modern times, emerging schools of thought in the U.S. and other countries hold the opposite to be true. They argue that the race struggle is less important, because the primary struggle is that of class since labor of all races face the same problems and injustices.

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What Marx points out is that members of each of the two main classes have interests in common. These class or collective interests are in conflict with those of the other class as a whole. This in turn leads to conflict between individual members of different classes.

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opposition. Near the climax of the struggle, "the oligarchs in full rout, fearing that the victorious commons might assault and carry the arsenal and put them to the sword, fired the houses round the market-place and the lodging-houses, in order to bar their advance."

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Class conflict was present in the earliest days of the U.S. with the struggles between slaveowners and slaves. Since the abolition of slavery, class conflict is more often noted in labor-management disputes. As far back as 1933, representative Edward Hamilton of the

1347:. Montesquieu recounts how Coriolanus castigated the tribunes for trying a patrician, when in his mind no one but a consul had that right, although a law had been passed stipulating that all appeals affecting the life of a citizen had to be brought before the plebs. 1104:, who "being desirous to raise the people, and to restore the noble and just form of government, now long fallen into disuse, incurred the hatred of the rich and powerful, who could not endure to be deprived of the selfish enjoyment to which they were accustomed." 2523:), economic decline, unemployment, extreme poverty, and a number of demographic structural factors, such as a large percentage of educated but dissatisfied youth within the population. but class conflict is also a key factor. The catalysts for the revolts in all 1687:

expected from the sale of their work something more than what was sufficient to replace his stock to him; and he could have no interest to employ a great stock rather than a small one, unless his profits were to bear some proportion to the extent of his stock.

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You have need of me, because I am rich and you are poor. We will therefore come to an agreement. I will permit you to have the honour of serving me, on condition that you bestow on me the little you have left, in return for the pains I shall take to command

1734:, and thereby lessening the sale of their goods, both at home and abroad. They say nothing concerning the bad effects of high profits; they are silent with regard to the pernicious effects of their own gains; they complain only of those of other people. 2184:

have often opposed 'horizontal' class struggle in favour of vertical national struggle and instead have attempted to appeal to the working class while promising to preserve the existing social classes and have proposed an alternative concept known as

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Occasionally this is recognized... The enormous benefits given to the very wealthy, the privileges for the very wealthy here, are way beyond those of other comparable societies and are part of the ongoing class war. Take a look at CEO salaries....

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comes from an order of men, whose interest is never exactly the same with that of the public, who have generally an interest to deceive and even to oppress the public, and who accordingly have, upon many occasions, both deceived and oppressed it.

2157:, while influenced by Proudhon, insisted that a massive class struggle by the working class, peasantry and poor was essential to the creation of libertarian socialism. This would require a final showdown in the form of a social revolution. 1889:

side, lobbying for anti-union laws and against minimum wage increases, and hiring union-busting legal firms are expressions of class antagonism. On a larger scale, workers engage in class struggle when they agitate for systemic change via

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from class struggle, the real conflict. These divisions within the class prevent the purported antagonists from acting in their common class interest. However, many Marxist internationalists and anti-colonial revolutionaries believe that

2632:" argued that "the race struggle is primary, the class struggle secondary. With the cessation of race antagonism, the class struggle will also come to a standstill. The equalization of all classes of society will necessarily follow the 1397:

indigent proprietors, were insensibly purchased or usurped by the avarice of the nobles; and in the age which preceded the fall of the republic, it was computed that only two thousand citizens were possessed of an independent substance.

2330:, saying: "The hypothesis of the bureaucracy's being a new ruling class leads to the conclusion that, for the first time in history, we are confronted with a 'ruling class' which does not exist as a class before it actually rules." 1299:

said "Parenti narrates a provocative history of the late republic in Rome (100–33 BC) to demonstrate that Caesar's death was the culmination of growing class conflict, economic disparity and political corruption."

4103:. 'The regulation of these various and interfering interests forms the principal task of modern legislation, and involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary and ordinary operations of the government.' 2531:

have been the concentration of wealth in the hands of autocrats in power for decades, insufficient transparency of its redistribution, corruption, and especially the refusal of the youth to accept the status quo.

4793: 2141:, stratification along lines of class appears only within civilizations, and furthermore only appears during the process of a civilization's decline while not characterizing the growth phase of a civilization. 1595:. Even a seemingly benign humanitarian program such as government-provided disaster relief can exacerbate class conflict if the relief is seen as being unequally distributed depending on the recipient's class. 994:

and revolution." Moreover, Aristotle said that it was wrong for the poor to seize the wealth of the rich and divide it among themselves, but he said that it is wrong for the rich to impoverish the multitude.

1996:. Weber did not believe that communities are formed by economic standing, but by similar social prestige. Weber did recognize that there is a relationship between social status, social prestige and classes. 1723:". He says that "high profits tend much more to raise the price of work than high wages", because "the rise of wages operates in the same manner as simple interest", while "the rise of profit operates like 1691:

Smith said that while a worker is paid wages in proportion to their "dexterity and ingenuity", as well as for "superior hardship and superior skill", this is not the case for the profit of their employers:

1354:, a crowd of angry plebs gathers in Rome to denounce Coriolanus as the "chief enemy to the people" and "a very dog to the commonalty" while the leader of the mob speaks out against the patricians thusly: 761:, and civil wars for control of government, natural resources, and labor; (b) indirect violence, such as deaths from poverty, malnutrition, illness, and unsafe workplaces; (c) economic coercion, such as 1063:

recounts how the Greek people participated in the class conflict between the aristocrats and the common folk. Financially oppressed by their indebtedness to the aristocrats, the mass of Athenians chose

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least does not prohibit, their combinations, while it prohibits those of the workmen. We have no acts of parliament against combining to lower the price of work, but many against combining to raise it.

6366: 6356: 2546: 1031:, in which members of a small class of wealthy property owners take positions of political power in order to dominate the large social class of impoverished commoners; and used the analogy of a 1775:

class of merchants and manufacturers who subsist by profit, since, as he said, their intention is to gain as large a share of their respective markets as possible, which naturally results in

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that can be easily replaceable. Marx believed that this class conflict would result in the overthrow of the bourgeoisie and that the private property would be communally owned. The mode of

1258:, not by the force of his eloquence, but by a word, by a gesture; which had he not effected, the republic, whose drooping head we are at present scarce able to uphold, would not even exist. 4840: 1027:, Socrates said that "any city, however small, is in fact divided into two, one the city of the poor, the other of the rich; these are at war with one another." Socrates disapproved of 1765:

subsist a month, and scarce any a year, without employment. In the long run, the workman may be as necessary to his master as his master is to him; but the necessity is not so immediate.

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writes: "Du Bois saw race, class, and nation not primarily as personal identity categories but as social hierarchies that shaped African-American access to status, poverty, and power."

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similarly states that the 'severity of the patricians their creditors, the debts due to whom they had to discharge by slave-work, drove the plebs to revolts.' Gibbon also explains how

8260: 1992:. Weber disagreed with Marx about the formation of classes. While Marx believed that groups are similar due to their economic status, Weber argued that classes are largely formed by 1002:

by their masters, averring that "if not kept in hand, are insolent, and think that they are as good as their masters, and, if harshly treated, they hate and conspire against them."

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reads: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." Marxists view the struggle's resolution in favor of the working class to be inevitable under

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wrote: "Populist historian Parenti... views ancient Rome's most famous assassination not as a tyrannicide but as a sanguinary scene in the never-ending drama of class warfare."

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Residents of the cities were able to establish their freedom and security of property long before those of the country, which enabled a gradual increase in their prosperity:

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may have most challenged the upper classes and most championed the cause of the lower classes. In a speech to the common soldiery, he decried their lowly conditions:

4983: 1950:, rhetorically asking whether its members ever empathise with the position of workmen, instead of siding entirely with their masters, on issues such as the right to 5069: 1388: 2275:. This ruling class is viewed to be in opposition to the remainder of society, generally considered the proletariat. This type of system is referred by them as 1866:

and being paid a wage or salary for their labor time. They have little choice but to work for capital, since they typically have no independent way to survive.

11688: 4869: 9865: 9683: 1719:, which raises wages, tends to lower profit. When the stocks of many rich merchants are turned into the same trade, their mutual competition naturally 2291:

societies. Marxism was already a powerful ideological power in Russia before the Soviet Union was created in 1917, since a Marxist group known as the

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Following this observation, he remarked that these men "fought indeed and were slain, but it was to maintain the luxury and the wealth of other men."

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who talked about the race struggle." For Foucault, the theme of social war provides the overriding principle that connects class and race struggle.

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Concerning wages, he explained the conflicting class interests between the owners of capital and workers, who he said were often compelled to form

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Against nature man can claim no right, but once society is established, poverty immediately takes the form of a wrong done to one class by another.

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is to provide a relatively equal balance of power between workmen and masters, in order to prevent threats to the good of the whole of society.

11208: 8494: 7714: 7694: 7510: 4772: 4403: 1659:, after the fall of the Roman Empire, governments were unable to protect commoners, and their property, from the "violence of the great lords": 6381: 5424: 4817: 2507:

was a wave of social protests starting in 2011. Numerous factors have culminated in the Arab Spring, including rejection of dictatorship or

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for their personal wealth as the generated profit from the economy was equally distributed into Soviet society. Even some Trotskyists like

2039:, laws, and privileges the state creates class conflict by giving preferential treatment to some at the expense of others by force. In the 678: 12416: 12291: 6478: 1942: 1642:

All for ourselves, and nothing for other people, seems, in every age of the world, to have been the vile maxim of the masters of mankind.

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at the hands of the ruling class. According to Marx, the working class then takes action against the ruling class, and vice versa.

2160:

One of the earliest analyses of the development of class as the development of conflicts between emergent classes is available in

12408: 12346: 8898: 4030: 4004: 3982: 3787: 2368:, Buffett stated that "here’s class warfare all right, but it’s my class, the rich class, that’s making war, and we’re winning." 12388: 11719: 11365: 9809: 8499: 6331: 3001: 2709: 2292: 821: 12383: 9074: 7927: 7669: 6413: 5854: 5373: 5270: 5186: 4690: 4665: 4613: 4588: 4547: 3401: 3316: 3291: 3263: 3219: 2590: 1517: 1509: 730:, class struggle is a core tenet and a practical means for effecting radical sociopolitical transformations for the majority 337: 4942: 2455:", signalling a more expansive class antagonist against the financial elite than that of the classical Marxist proletariat. 12393: 9814: 8484: 6808: 6225: 3025: 2520: 837: 577: 12426: 9223: 8177: 8088: 7922: 6968: 6908: 5552: 5073: 1262:

Tiberius Gracchus weakened the power of the Senate by changing the law so that judges were chosen from the ranks of the

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He added that the work of management is often performed by other employees, rather than the business owner themselves:

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In the final words of the first book, he suggested how the public should consider the political agenda of this class:

1055:, depicts the olive harvest. Many farmers, enslaved for debt, would have worked on large estates for their creditors. 426: 4135: 4116: 3860: 3768: 3752: 3679: 3663: 3643: 12286: 11200: 9616: 9049: 8479: 8144: 8118: 5692: 3131: 3114: 3108: 2950: 2732: 2444: 1947: 1090:

Participating in a war among the social classes of Ancient Greece was a dangerous political endeavour. In his book

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they appropriate from the workers who create wealth. The income of the capitalists, therefore, is based on their

1343:

This decision would eventually contribute to Coriolanus's undoing when he was impeached following a trial by the

1129: 1076:

created a political sphere that balanced the competing socio-economic interests of the social classes of Athens:

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would also contribute his perspective to the discussion around class conflict between employers and employees.

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Trade Wars Are Class Wars: How Rising Inequality Distorts the Global Economy and Threatens International Peace

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he lists the four main grievances of the plebs, which were rectified in the years following the deposition of

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by organized workers, often in defiance of union leadership, is the "one last hope for the United States."

1731:

Our merchants and master manufacturers complain much of the bad effects of high wages in raising the price

895:, class struggle is "the central fact of social evolution." Indeed, the first sentence of Chapter 1 of the 869:

speak of class struggle, they define a class primarily in economic terms, i.e., by its relationship to the

859: 550: 505: 468: 456: 401: 37: 5340: 2435:

Class conflict intensified in the period after the 2007/8 financial crisis, which led to a global wave of

1822:(1818–1883) was a German born philosopher who lived the majority of his adult life in London, England. In 12518: 12508: 12375: 11583: 11259: 10957: 10197: 10006: 9964: 9462: 9079: 8797: 8295: 7774: 7298: 6818: 6172: 5899: 5813: 5507: 5320:

The Global Class War: How America's Bipartisan Elite Lost Our Future and What It Will Take to Win It Back

3074: 3020: 3015: 3010: 1207:, the very lowest class of citizens, into the army, for the first time allowing non-land owners into the 884: 664: 612: 10152: 6117: 5987: 4630: 1940:

Adam Smith was not the only classical liberal political economist concerned with class conflict. In his

12651: 12498: 11837: 11358: 11213: 11057: 10578: 10403: 9435: 8043: 7985: 7368: 7008: 6793: 6438: 6296: 6184: 5426:

New Forms of Worker Organization: The Syndicalist and Autonomist Restoration of Class-Struggle Unionism

4825: 3179: 2976: 2833: 1720: 1476: 1139: 490: 485: 20: 10299: 6723: 4472: 3960: 3897: 3606: 3202:

Isaac, Larry W.; Harrison, Daniel M.; Lipold, Paul F. (2022). "Class Conflict in Capitalist Society".

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Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault's "History of Sexuality" and the Colonial Order of Things

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Moreover, Aristotle further discussed a middle way, between laxity and cruelty, in the treatment of

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In Book I Chapter 6, Smith explained how income is distributed between workers and their employers:

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because of clashing interests, competition for limited resources, and inequalities of power in the

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are bound up together. Within Marxist scholarship there is an ongoing debate about these topics.

2436: 1824: 1760:

Smith was aware of the main advantage of employers over workers, in addition to state protection:

1629:, Smith's concern was the welfare of the ordinary workers who make up society and provide for it: 1320: 1039:, ought to be chosen for political office for his skill, not for the amount of property he owns. 540: 195: 6658: 5384: 5023: 4918: 4658:

Air Transport Labor Relations (Southern Illinois University Press Series in Aviation Management)

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Often seen as part of the same "movement of squares" as the Indignado and Occupy movements, the

2493:

The Age of Acquiescence: The Life and Death of American Resistance to Organized Wealth and Power

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paradigms of race, class, and nation might explain certain aspects of black political economy.

2528: 2144: 1917: 1913: 1881: 1841: 1177: 919: 817: 200: 99: 10977: 5403: 2484:." In a 2022 piece "America's New Class War", Hedges argues that increased class struggle and 2098: 2094:

One of the first writers to comment on class struggle in the modern sense of the term was the

1836:. Members of a class may become aware of their position within it, achieving what is known as 711:

hierarchy. In its simplest manifestation, class conflict refers to the ongoing battle between

12641: 12528: 12503: 12493: 12483: 12478: 12331: 11399: 11351: 10762: 10628: 10393: 10358: 10318: 10066: 9887: 9396: 9332: 9084: 8903: 8391: 8240: 8220: 8108: 7912: 7852: 7590: 7495: 7358: 7168: 7148: 7108: 7093: 6938: 6918: 6698: 6473: 6448: 6391: 6341: 5787: 5732: 5599: 5589: 5584: 5476: 5346: 5134: 4000: 3120: 3059: 3038: 2647: 2516: 2481: 1967: 1905: 1783: 1652: 1626: 1456:

across the Atlantic Ocean made significant remarks on the dynamics of class struggle. Later,

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of all the races, for it will ultimately become a scientific question of social economics."

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Toynbee, Arnold (1947). "The Nature of Disintegration". In Dorothea Grace Somervell (ed.).

4453: 3455: 3417: 3084: 3053: 3032: 2344: 2102: 1962: 1716: 1508:(1743–1826) led the U.S. as president from 1801 to 1809 and is considered one of America's 1471: 1379: 1280: 1121: 980: 777:; (d) political machinations through lobbying (legal and illegal), bribery of legislators, 743: 530: 525: 307: 284: 185: 137: 84: 79: 48: 3519: 3363: 2314:

However, many Marxists argue that unlike in capitalism, the Soviet elites did not own the

2023:

are the groups that seize the power of the state to carry out their political agenda, the

8: 11973: 11778: 11753: 11733: 11637: 11062: 10892: 10872: 10553: 10373: 10328: 10237: 10227: 10137: 10127: 10106: 10076: 9974: 9914: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9733: 9626: 9543: 9499: 9494: 9487: 9138: 9054: 8983: 8970: 8945: 8918: 8908: 8827: 8712: 8587: 8514: 8474: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8384: 8369: 8265: 8210: 8010: 7862: 7744: 7709: 7689: 7645: 7640: 7505: 7348: 7233: 7223: 7208: 7188: 7183: 7163: 7143: 7138: 7103: 7098: 7088: 7068: 7023: 7003: 6923: 6913: 6843: 6738: 6628: 6509: 6423: 6386: 6361: 6326: 6301: 6268: 6257: 6077: 6067: 5982: 5950: 5863: 5792: 4926: 4438: 4419: 4366: 4202: 4175: 4081: 3966: 3938: 3903: 3720: 3442: 3394:

The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World: From the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests

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are then taxed and regulated by the state for the benefit of the ruling classes. Through

1876:

or capitalists) includes anyone who gets their income not from labor as much as from the

1837: 1707:

In many great works, almost the whole labour of this kind is committed to some principal

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It was similarly difficult for the Romans to maintain peace between the upper class, the

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abolish poverty and prevent the accrual of too much wealth in the hands of too few men.

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The system that was supposed to treat all men equally actually created a class society.

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might have agreed with this narrative of Roman class conflict. In the third volume of

1246:

believed that Tiberius Gracchus's reforming efforts saved Rome from tyranny, arguing:

749:

Class conflict can reveal itself through (a) direct violence, such as assassinations,

12135: 12053: 11790: 11743: 11681: 11510: 11097: 11037: 10832: 10543: 10284: 10172: 10167: 9969: 9784: 9763: 9648: 9606: 9509: 9420: 9377: 9357: 9317: 9285: 8978: 8935: 8757: 8647: 8637: 8567: 8396: 8285: 8280: 8245: 8215: 8053: 8005: 7847: 7814: 7754: 7719: 7615: 7550: 7490: 7378: 7308: 7153: 7058: 6953: 6668: 6538: 6321: 6274: 6037: 5914: 5767: 5629: 5461: 5430: 5399: 5369: 5350: 5325: 5301: 5289: 5266: 5233: 5182: 5160: 4696: 4686: 4661: 4609: 4584: 4543: 4459: 4425: 4325: 4296: 4262: 4230: 4208: 4181: 4100: 4077: 3944: 3922: 3841: 3808: 3733: 3695: 3621: 3593: 3583: 3555: 3397: 3312: 3287: 3259: 3215: 3103: 2932: 2760: 2754: 2615: 2541: 2508: 2170:. In this work, Kropotkin analyzes the disposal of goods after death in pre-class or 2138: 2095: 2012: 1989: 1929: 1925: 1724: 1609: 1542: 1487:

outlined the class conflict prevailing in his day between masters and their workmen:

1423:, as a way to relieve class tensions at home between the rich and the landless poor. 1231: 796:

In the economic sphere, class conflict is sometimes expressed overtly, such as owner

778: 735: 692: 617: 587: 555: 495: 327: 222: 212: 142: 117: 8767: 8742: 8607: 3815: 2605:, who gave it the modern sense of "biological race" which was then integrated into " 2133:

noted the inelastic supply of land and argued that this created certain privileges (

750: 190: 12579: 12453: 12353: 12183: 11991: 11881: 11832: 11805: 11558: 11553: 11406: 11320: 11308: 11181: 11047: 11032: 11007: 10992: 10827: 10757: 10667: 10638: 10623: 10598: 10558: 10548: 10513: 10508: 10453: 10428: 10418: 10388: 10348: 10157: 10142: 10091: 10071: 9939: 9919: 9828: 9482: 9425: 9352: 9322: 9190: 9178: 9069: 8877: 8777: 8672: 8617: 8572: 8562: 8547: 8433: 8336: 8305: 8128: 8048: 8025: 7952: 7837: 7799: 7655: 7625: 7399: 7288: 6728: 6673: 6588: 6458: 6433: 6376: 6351: 6252: 6194: 6162: 6147: 6082: 6022: 5992: 5972: 5940: 5904: 5887: 5875: 5782: 5742: 5652: 5647: 5174: 5148: 4967: 4415: 3207: 3169: 3064: 2982: 2960: 2916: 2639: 2280: 2106: 1525: 1505: 1449: 1018: 801: 592: 510: 408: 376: 252: 10383: 10368: 4576: 3876: 1047: 12324: 12016: 11827: 11573: 11563: 11052: 11022: 10842: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10752: 10742: 10737: 10722: 10692: 10618: 10478: 10458: 10433: 10363: 10323: 10212: 10207: 10086: 10051: 10046: 10041: 9716: 9579: 9442: 9305: 9300: 8702: 8642: 8632: 8627: 8557: 8326: 8300: 8275: 8235: 8225: 8200: 8098: 7650: 7520: 7338: 6748: 6648: 6643: 6623: 6593: 6548: 6543: 6533: 6498: 6371: 6220: 6042: 6017: 5945: 5722: 5604: 4873: 4844: 4821: 4507: 4487: 3093: 2868: 2772: 2766: 2582: 2452: 2448: 2430: 2426: 2343:

used the term "class warfare" to describe airline management's opposition at the

2276: 2254: 2171: 2161: 2154: 2008: 1656: 1457: 1420: 1285: 1228: 1068:

to be the lawgiver to lead them to freedom from their creditors. The philosopher

945: 727: 654: 582: 535: 451: 364: 10408: 6703: 6523: 1946:, John Stuart Mill observed the complete marginalisation of workmen's voices in 1840:. For the working classes this happens when their members become aware of their 12281: 12225: 12064: 12021: 11949: 11693: 11664: 11589: 11543: 11442: 11141: 11082: 11042: 11027: 10962: 10952: 10932: 10922: 10912: 10877: 10857: 10797: 10747: 10707: 10682: 10677: 10603: 10533: 10398: 10343: 10192: 9959: 9875: 9794: 9504: 9018: 8872: 8812: 8782: 8667: 8662: 8582: 8577: 8552: 7942: 7907: 7724: 7585: 7560: 7555: 7545: 7353: 7343: 6603: 6518: 6428: 6142: 6137: 6127: 6062: 6032: 5747: 5677: 5614: 5609: 5512: 5152: 4943:"Amnesty International hails WikiLeaks and Guardian as Arab spring 'catalysts'" 3792: 3098: 2809: 2791: 2786: 2643: 2359: 2356: 2300: 2175: 2118: 2016: 1924:

without any classes there would be no need for a state. That would lead to the

1776: 1173: 1092: 1052: 1032: 770: 708: 279: 170: 32: 11146: 10787: 10463: 1419:

noted that the poor freeman's lack of land provided a major impetus for Roman

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The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest: 1500 to the Present

4848: 4067: 2990: 2898: 2815: 2778: 2683: 2625: 2477: 2323: 2319: 2308: 2134: 2126: 2004: 1993: 1971:, he notes as an aside the power of the rich as independent of state support: 1877: 1546: 1453: 1383: 1289: 1275: 766: 731: 274: 207: 10593: 4837: 4714: 4700: 12155: 12082: 11861: 11851: 11770: 11520: 11427: 11377: 11112: 11092: 11087: 11077: 11017: 10897: 10767: 10493: 10473: 10468: 10438: 10338: 9860: 9678: 9531: 9467: 9064: 8857: 8807: 8802: 8792: 8772: 8727: 8722: 8707: 8597: 8532: 8331: 8290: 8020: 7962: 7769: 7734: 7630: 7303: 7293: 6768: 6693: 6633: 6608: 6553: 6205: 6167: 6132: 5657: 5594: 5247: 4862: 4014: 3650: 2633: 2606: 2586: 2551: 2524: 2512: 2467: 2382: 2375: 2264: 2259: 2130: 2048: 2020: 1951: 1829: 1744: 1638:

Regarding the extravagant consumption of the aristocracy, he remarked that:

1208: 1203: 1198: 1181: 1154: 704: 703:, refers to the economic antagonism and political tension that exist among 10732: 12319: 12150: 12140: 12090: 12072: 11983: 11944: 11738: 11649: 11632: 11176: 11166: 11117: 11107: 11102: 11072: 10907: 10882: 10837: 10702: 10643: 10583: 10538: 10353: 10260: 10222: 10147: 10096: 10016: 9768: 9472: 9382: 9310: 9148: 8882: 8862: 8737: 8732: 8692: 8677: 8622: 8527: 7995: 7967: 7739: 7540: 7485: 6773: 6743: 6733: 6688: 6563: 6152: 6107: 6072: 5762: 5672: 5091: 2679: 2504: 2485: 2459: 2386: 2352: 2040: 1873: 1863: 1859: 1588: 1440: 1255: 1125: 1101: 902: 805: 602: 8261:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 3816:"The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome" 3788:"The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome" 3381:. Chapter I. Bourgeois and Proletarians – via Marx-Engels Archive. 2201: 2063: 1862:

or workers) includes anyone who earns their livelihood by selling their

812:

of production or the widespread, simultaneous use of sick leave (e.g., "

649: 12165: 11505: 11186: 11122: 10802: 10792: 10712: 9850: 9721: 9591: 9550: 9526: 9401: 9362: 8752: 8747: 8657: 8652: 7977: 7857: 7525: 7333: 7318: 7313: 6758: 6230: 5880: 5757: 5727: 5624: 5523: 4838:

The Pathology of the Rich – Chris Hedges on Reality Asserts Itself pt 1

4198: 4171: 3934: 2995: 2621: 2463: 2390: 2304: 2296: 2238: 2122: 1612: 1584: 1416: 1336: 1294:

The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome.

1146:

The patricians had much too easy access to positions of public service.

941: 888: 878: 786: 774: 754: 624: 217: 56: 2462:

asserted the existence of social-class conflict between democracy and

2397:, has spoken out on the topic of class conflict in the United States: 1976:

would probably be successful in converting the poor into their slaves.

1677: 12211: 12206: 12173: 12145: 12033: 12028: 11964: 11939: 11886: 11800: 11515: 11447: 11234: 11229: 11156: 10982: 10772: 10727: 10662: 10518: 10122: 10061: 9949: 9819: 9695: 9621: 9586: 9410: 9337: 9275: 9233: 9128: 8842: 8787: 8542: 8351: 8186: 8078: 8068: 7892: 7882: 7809: 7373: 7323: 6653: 6215: 5772: 5667: 5561: 5137:(March 2000). "Gender, black feminism, and black political economy". 2827: 2726: 2598: 2371: 2288: 2268: 2242: 2032: 1985: 1909: 1890: 1819: 1028: 986: 956: 923: 892: 832: 739: 723: 712: 237: 175: 4971: 2458:

In the speech "The Great American Class War" (2013), the journalist

1219: 12220: 12192: 12178: 12045: 12011: 11969: 11954: 11914: 11659: 11254: 11249: 11151: 10687: 9636: 9631: 9596: 9457: 9367: 9099: 9094: 8988: 8379: 6678: 6235: 5919: 5737: 5229: 5118:

Prophecy and Politics: Socialism, Nationalism, and the Russian Jews

4878: 4026: 3978: 3154: 2610: 2602: 2472: 2327: 2181: 2036: 2028: 1954:. Later in the book, he argues that an important function of truly 1904:

Marx focuses on the capital industrialist society as the source of

1894: 1779:

or close to them, a situation harmful to the other social classes.

1484: 1408:

facilitated this class conflict by pacifying the plebs with actual

1405: 1251: 1194: 1060: 1010: 991: 968: 866: 813: 809: 269: 3254:

Bullock, Allan; Trombley, Stephen, eds. (1999). "class conflict".

1368: 1319:, Act V, Scene III. Engraved by James Caldwell from a painting by 1184:

into giving the plebs the right to choose one of the two consuls.

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found our idea of class struggle; we found it in the work of the

2250: 2043:, by contrast, exchanges are not carried out by force but by the 1263: 1097: 999: 964: 953: 762: 716: 232: 165: 4321:"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" 4292:"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" 4258:"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" 4226:"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" 12188: 12001: 11934: 11874: 11869: 11676: 11343: 10997: 10937: 9658: 8522: 8035: 6528: 6463: 5508:

2008-2010 Study: CEOs Who Fired Most Workers Earned Highest Pay

3782: 3780: 2986: 2714: 2594: 2566: 2562: 2476:

called "Let's Get This Class War Started", which was a play on

1851:

Marxist analysis of society identifies two main social groups:

1243: 949: 908: 227: 11327: 11303: 9185: 5140:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

5045:. International Food Policy Research Institute. Archived from 4204:

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

3882: 1512:. Regarding the interaction between social classes, he wrote: 1227:

Of all the notable figures discussed by Plutarch and Tacitus,

1107: 11996: 11924: 11475: 9642: 6753: 4631:"Why The Soviet Bureaucracy is not a New Ruling Class (1979)" 3893: 2887: 2295:

existed. This party soon divided into two main factions; the

1708: 1646: 1565: 1424: 1401: 1288:

has argued that Caesar was a populist, not a tyrant. In 2003

1266:, instead of their social superiors in the senatorial class. 1172:

The Senate had the ability to give a magistrate the power of

1117: 1069: 1065: 1036: 1024: 877:, and that a prerequisite for successful revolution is class 9201: 8155: 5530: 5366:

The Structure and Evolution of Chinese Social Stratification

5024:"Demographics of the Arab League, computed by Wolfram Alpha" 4583:(paperback ed.). San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 3777: 3309:

Freedom or Death: The Theory and Practice of Mikhail Bakunin

2785:

since 1831, often considered as the beginning of the modern

1811: 967:

would later recount a similar class conflict in the city of

12006: 11548: 7867: 5519:

How a Real Class War, Like with Guns, Could Actually Happen

4746:"Buffett: 'There are lots of loose nukes around the world'" 3491: 3423: 2782: 1603: 854: 264: 5041:

Breisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan.

1427:

described the same phenomenon happening in the impetus to

5225:

Death to Bourgeois Society: The Propagandists of the Deed

4524:

Recueil des monuments inédits de l'histoire du Tiers état

5094:), London: Allen Lane, Penguin Press (1976, 2003), p. 79 4972:"Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis" 3422:. Book Three, Chapter X, Translated by Richard Crawley. 887:

asserts that in the history of economic systems such as

7454: 2628:

of the early socialist movement, in his "Epilogue" to "

2249:. Their arguments describe as a class the bureaucratic 2192: 1389:

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

4966: 1790:

Merchants and master manufacturers are, in this order

3349:"Solidarity in Liberty: The Workers' Path to Freedom" 3007:

Several strikes by coal miners in the United Kingdom

2232: 1738: 5040: 4485: 3490:, Book Two, Part VI. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. 1999: 836:

Truck drivers fight the police in the course of the

4660:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press. p. 51. 4505: 3918:

History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

3441:, Book VI, Section 42, Translated by John Jackson. 3362:McLellan, David T.; Chambre, Henri (30 July 2024). 3201: 2326:criticized the concept of a new ruling class as an 1747:

for fear of suffering starvation wages, as follows:

1678:

Distribution of incomes into wages, profit and rent

1163:

The plebs had too little power in their assemblies.

1051:This 6th century Athenian black-figure urn, in the 5317: 5281: 4683:A People's History of the United States: 1492–2001 4581:The New Class: An Analysis of the Communist System 4542:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 365. 3719:, Book II, Section 38. Translated by C. H. Moore. 3277: 3275: 1616:requiring a government to protect property rights: 19:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see 5181:. Shippensburg, PA: Companion Press. p. 18. 4489:Socialism Before the French Revolution: A History 4152:"Burn Baby Burn - The California Celebrity Fires" 3237:"Survey Finds Rising Perception of Class Tension" 1359:they will; and there's all the love they bear us. 12628: 8104:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun 5284:Class & Class Conflict in Industrial Society 5253:Dynamite: The Story of Class Violence in America 4765:"In Class Warfare, Guess Which Class is Winning" 4194: 4192: 4190: 2609:". On the other hand, Foucault claims that when 1553: 5385:"Class Warfare, Anarchy and the Future Society" 4756: 3640:Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu 3392:de Ste. Croix, Geoffrey Ernest Maurice (1989). 3361: 3272: 3253: 3204:Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict 2558:Some historical tendencies of Orthodox Marxism 1128:notes that this conflict intensified after the 1072:said that Solon's constitution of the Athenian 824:, or a perceived injustice to a fellow worker. 3351:– via Mikhail Bakunin Reference Archive. 3336:– via Mikhail Bakunin Reference Archive. 2174:societies, and how inheritance produces early 800:of their employees in an effort to weaken the 11359: 9217: 8171: 7440: 5546: 4397: 4187: 3391: 3284:Land of Idols: Political Mythology in America 2137:) for landowners. According to the historian 1530:Letter to Edward Carrington – 16 January 1787 1373:The Secession of the People to the Mons Sacer 1180:used his power of dictatorship to coerce the 672: 12263: 12043: 5260: 5127: 5076:on 29 November 2016 – via NYTimes.com. 4501: 4499: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 3256:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought 2101:. Other class struggle commentators include 1516:I am convinced that those societies (as the 1439:Writing in pre-capitalist Europe, the Swiss 1160:The plebs were constantly verbally slighted. 909:Oligarchs versus commoners in Ancient Greece 5339:Klein, Matthew C.; Pettis, Michael (2020). 5338: 5206:Class Struggle in the First French Republic 5124:, Cambridge University Press (1981), p. 22. 4934: 4853:5 December 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2014. 4789:Occupy: Class War, Rebellion and Solidarity 4479: 4473:"James Mill and Libertarian Class Analysis" 3300: 2812:, political revolt in 1839 led by Chartists 2409:Occupy: Class War, Rebellion and Solidarity 1943:Considerations on Representative Government 1769: 1583:consumer goods, cost of rent, control over 1250:Tiberius Gracchus (says Cicero) caused the 1108:Patricians versus plebeians in Ancient Rome 1080:The wealthy aristocratic party of the plain 11366: 11352: 9224: 9210: 8178: 8164: 7447: 7433: 7329:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism 5553: 5539: 5279: 4990: 3554:, Book IV. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. 3376: 1961:During Mill's discussion of the merits of 1647:Violence against commoners by feudal lords 679: 665: 8064:The East wind prevails over the West wind 5474: 4496: 4374: 4048: 3883:The Complete Works of William Shakespeare 3234: 2550:Jobless black workers in the heat of the 1392:, he relates the origins of the struggle: 1201:. Marius had taken the step of enlisting 952:party of the common people and their pro- 785:; and (e) ideological struggle by way of 12251: 5177:(1995). "Ye Are the Salt of the Earth". 5173: 5067: 4792:(Second ed.), Zuccotti Park Press, 2662:Nationalist movements are not included. 2545: 2416: 2370: 1810: 1752:in order to lower, the wages of labour. 1604:Inequality in the distribution of wealth 1470: 1466: 1367: 1363: 1311: 1218: 1046: 853: 842: 831: 31: 9679:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought 5494:Class Struggle and Resistance in Africa 5455: 5261:Antell, Gerson; Harris, Walter (2007). 5133: 5107:, Duke University Press (1995), p.71-72 4999:"From Arab Spring to global revolution" 4785: 4779: 4762: 4534: 3346: 3331: 3281: 2535: 2245:, argue that class conflict existed in 1782:In the conclusion of the first book of 1577: 1274:Contrary to Shakespeare's depiction of 1096:, Plutarch wrote of two Spartan kings, 40:visualizes and explains class conflict. 16:Concept in political and social science 12629: 9684:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path 6332:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA 5491: 5382: 5246: 5221: 5070:"Opinion | The Other Arab Spring" 4940: 4892: 4603: 4149: 3377:Marx, Karl; Engels, Friedrich (1848). 3306: 3286:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 66–67. 3235:Tavernise, Sabrina (11 January 2012). 3002:Communist rebellion in the Philippines 2710:Popular revolt in late medieval Europe 2293:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party 1334:would later depict in the tragic play 1083:The poor common party of the mountains 734:. It is also a central concept within 12250: 11607: 11347: 11209:International socialist organizations 9205: 9075:Mass killings under communist regimes 8159: 7428: 5534: 5363: 4996: 4986:from the original on 20 October 2016. 4743: 4575: 4361: 4359: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4251: 4249: 4219: 4217: 4057:from the original on 16 January 2013. 4049:Jefferson, Thomas (16 January 1787). 2569:, etc. as struggles that essentially 2054: 2011:argued that class struggle came from 1715:In Chapter 9, Smith notes that: "The 944:describes a civil war in the city of 847:Heads of aristocrats on pikes at the 5419: 5410: 5315: 5068:Friedman, Thomas L. (7 April 2012). 4976:Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar 4796:from the original on 16 October 2014 4775:from the original on 3 January 2017. 4763:Buffett, Warren (26 November 2006). 4680: 4655: 3921:, Volume III, Chapter XXXI, Part 1. 3457:The History of the Peloponnesian War 3419:The History of the Peloponnesian War 2196: 2193:Twentieth and twenty-first centuries 2058: 2015:that managed to gain control of the 1434: 1350:In the first scene of Shakespeare's 1214: 838:Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934 11290: 7455:Marxist phraseology and terminology 4118:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 2411:, Second Edition (November 5, 2013) 1935: 1500: 1017:to describe class conflict. In the 858:Farmer confronting landlord during 13: 11609: 11608: 5215: 5030:from the original on 2 March 2011. 4628: 4356: 4278: 4246: 4214: 4032:The Social Contract and Discourses 4006:The Social Contract and Discourses 3984:The Social Contract and Discourses 3379:"Manifesto of the Communist Party" 3212:10.1016/B978-0-12-820195-4.00248-X 3044:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 2923:1926 United Kingdom general strike 2491:Historian Steve Fraser, author of 2233:Soviet Union and similar societies 1739:Wage negotiations and trade unions 1375:, engraving by B. Barloccini, 1849 1035:, who, like the power-holder in a 14: 12678: 9029:Criticism of communist party rule 7705:Commanding heights of the economy 7571:Primitive accumulation of capital 5501: 5043:"Economics of the Arab Awakening" 4893:Hedges, Chris (18 January 2022). 4813:Moyers, Bill (12 December 2013). 4786:Chomsky, Noam (5 November 2013), 4725:from the original on 3 April 2013 4318: 4289: 4255: 4223: 2928:1934 West Coast waterfront strike 2000:Charles Comte and Charles Dunoyer 769:, the threat of unemployment and 12611: 12610: 11373: 11326: 11314: 11302: 11289: 11278: 11277: 9184: 9172: 9050:21st-century communist theorists 8119:Revolution is not a dinner party 8089:Whole-process people's democracy 7393: 6367:International Conference of Rome 6357:International Conference of Rome 5383:Maavak, Mathew (December 2012). 4919:Full Show: The New Robber Barons 4867:Let's Get This Class War Started 4637:from the original on 22 May 2017 4608:. London: H. Brar. p. 647. 4150:Palast, Greg (26 October 2007). 3605:Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 3334:"Stateless Socialism: Anarchism" 3115:Protests against Bongbong Marcos 3109:Protests against Rodrigo Duterte 2951:Uprising of 1953 in East Germany 2624:, an important theoretician and 2333: 2271:", that controls and guides the 2200: 2062: 1920:would eliminate class conflict. 1832:is formed due to changes in the 1536: 1483:It was with bitter sarcasm that 1269: 808:; or covertly, such as a worker 648: 63: 11133: 10654: 10310: 10271: 10247: 9955:Dictatorship of the proletariat 8311:Dictatorship of the proletariat 8016:Uneven and combined development 7531:Dictatorship of the proletariat 5415:. Malden, MA: Wiley & Sons. 5368:. University Press of America. 5300:(also available in hardback as 5198: 5167: 5110: 5097: 5080: 5061: 5034: 5016: 4997:Mason, Paul (5 February 2013). 4960: 4912: 4886: 4856: 4831: 4807: 4737: 4707: 4674: 4649: 4622: 4597: 4569: 4556: 4528: 4516: 4465: 4446: 4431: 4409: 4341: 4312: 4165: 4143: 4128: 4106: 4087: 4061: 4042: 4020: 3994: 3972: 3950: 3928: 3909: 3887: 3869: 3853: 3834: 3761: 3745: 3726: 3707: 3688: 3672: 3656: 3633: 3614: 3599: 3576: 3561: 3542: 3527: 3512: 3497: 3478: 3463: 3448: 3429: 3410: 3385: 3117:in the Philippines,2021-present 2945:Communist insurgency in Myanmar 1130:overthrow of the Roman monarchy 1086:The moderate party of the coast 25:Class Struggle (disambiguation) 12252: 10198:Organizational self-management 7785:Socially necessary labour time 6479:Australian Anarchist Centenary 6404:German Revolution of 1918–1919 5222:Abidor, Mitchell, ed. (2016). 4512:. Cordon Company. p. 622. 4509:An American Looks at Karl Marx 3370: 3355: 3340: 3325: 3258:. HarperCollins. p. 127. 3247: 3228: 2875:Seattle General Strike of 1919 2864:German Revolution of 1918–1919 2845:1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt 2498: 2237:A variety of thinkers, mostly 1634:well fed, clothed, and lodged. 1: 10178:Free association of producers 9935:Critique of political economy 9231: 8251:Critique of political economy 8185: 8145:People's Multiparty Democracy 7695:Capitalist mode of production 7680:Critique of political economy 7511:Capitalist mode of production 6118:Decentralized planned economy 5560: 5288:. Stanford University Press. 5265:. Amsco School Publications. 4941:Walker, Peter (12 May 2011). 4924:23 December 2014 at Wikiwix. 4486:William Buck Guthrie (1907). 4406:. Retrieved 24 November 2008. 4180:, Book V, Chapter 1, Part 2. 4113:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 4051:"Letter to Edward Carrington" 3957:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 3592:. Translated by John Dryden. 3424:The Internet Classics Archive 3185: 3160:Critique of political economy 3111:in the Philippines, 2016-2022 2733:Saint George's Night Uprising 2657: 2423:Financial crisis of 2007–2008 1884:of the workers (proletariat). 1655:, Smith explains that in the 1598: 1554:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1461:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1307: 1070:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 929: 11265:Socialist calculation debate 11240:Economic calculation problem 10218:Socialist mode of production 9144:Socialist mode of production 9060:Anti-communist mass killings 9002:Workers of the world, unite! 8271:Proletarian internationalism 8059:Continuous revolution theory 7780:Socialist mode of production 7636:Workers of the world, unite! 7611:Socialist mode of production 7576:Proletarian internationalism 5713:Proletarian internationalism 5411:Ness, Immanuel, ed. (2009). 4828:. Retrieved 25 January 2014. 4815:The Great American Class War 4540:: Abridgment of Volumes I–VI 4506:William James Blake (1939). 3396:. Cornell University Press. 3132:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 2967:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 2939:Land Reform Movement (China) 2482:Let's Get This Party Started 1980: 1806: 1727:". He concludes the chapter: 974: 922:and the slave revolt led by 860:China's Land Reform Movement 38:Pyramid of Capitalist System 7: 11333:Organized Labour portal 10072:Socialisation of production 9112:Marx's theory of alienation 7775:Simple commodity production 6414:1919 United States bombings 5090:by Michel Foucault (trans. 4744:Dobbs, Lou (19 June 2005). 4685:. New York: HarperCollins. 4401:Blackwell Reference Online. 3138: 3075:Egyptian Revolution of 2011 2806:in France and around Europe 2585:, in the 19th century, the 2521:Wikileaks diplomatic cables 2341:Airline Pilot's Association 1167: 1116:, and the lower class, the 1042: 1005: 10: 12683: 11458:Weberian (three-component) 10579:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 10404:Victor Prosper Considerant 8044:Antagonistic contradiction 7991:Degenerated workers' state 7369:Situationist International 6439:Spanish Revolution of 1936 6297:Self-managed social center 5392:Journal of Futures Studies 5153:10.1177/000271620056800105 4883:Retrieved 25 January 2014. 4826:Brennan Center for Justice 4715:"The World's Billionaires" 3127:2019–2020 Chilean protests 2977:Naxalite-Maoist insurgency 2834:Donghak Peasant Revolution 2539: 2420: 1828:, Karl Marx argued that a 1477:Maurice Quentin de La Tour 21:Class war (disambiguation) 18: 12606: 12547: 12439: 12407: 12374: 12300: 12272: 12259: 12246: 12164: 12121: 12081: 12063: 11982: 11900: 11860: 11769: 11762: 11717: 11620: 11616: 11603: 11466: 11420: 11416: 11387: 11273: 11222: 11199: 11131: 10652: 10444:William Batchelder Greene 10379:Francisco Largo Caballero 10308: 10269: 10245: 10236: 10115: 9905: 9777: 9732: 9559: 9395: 9254: 9241: 9167: 9042: 9011: 8969: 8891: 8513: 8462: 8424: 8360: 8319: 8193: 8137: 8034: 7976: 7888:People's democratic state 7873:General line of the party 7828: 7664: 7596:Revolutionary spontaneity 7460: 7388: 7273: 6833: 6783: 6508: 6494:Really Really Free Market 6489:1999 Seattle WTO protests 6311: 6183: 6091: 6055: 6008: 5931: 5862: 5853: 5803: 5778:Temporary autonomous zone 5703:Permanent autonomous zone 5638:Consensus decision-making 5568: 5492:Zeilig, Leo, ed. (2002). 5475:Vasudevan, Ramaa (2019). 5456:Tranjan, Ricardo (2023). 5280:Dahrendorf, Ralf (1959). 4895:"America's New Class War" 4492:. Macmillan. p. 283. 4440:Representative Government 4421:Representative Government 4123:Marxists Internet Archive 3962:The Philosophy of History 3899:The Philosophy of History 3608:The Philosophy of History 3492:Internet Classics Archive 3460:. Book Three, Chapter IX. 3347:Bakunin, Mikhail (1867). 3332:Bakunin, Mikhail (1873). 3282:Parenti, Michael (1993). 3070:Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010 3049:1999 Seattle WTO protests 2682:and the assassination of 2285:bureaucratic collectivism 1956:representative government 1721:tends to lower its profit 1187: 12580:Pre-industrial East Asia 10589:Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz 10082:Socialist market economy 8296:Workers' self-management 7938:Socialism in one country 7898:Political rehabilitation 6484:Carnival Against Capital 6409:Bavarian Soviet Republic 6398:Manifesto of the Sixteen 6292:Radical environmentalism 6241:Independent Media Center 6173:Workers' self-management 5620:Autonomous social center 5088:Society Must be Defended 4820:22 December 2013 at the 4656:Kaps, Robert W. (1997). 2911:Battle of Blair Mountain 2856:Revolutions of 1917–1923 2447:movements and later the 2045:non-aggression principle 1770:Conflict between classes 1254:to be admitted into the 885:Marx's theory of history 849:storming of the Bastille 827: 11628:Administrative detainee 10300:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly 10290:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably 9970:Equality of opportunity 9925:Criticism of capitalism 9674:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 9431:Left-wing laissez-faire 9134:Revolutionary socialism 8342:Socialization (Marxism) 8114:Revolutionary base area 8074:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 7986:Deformed workers' state 7765:Relations of production 7685:Accumulation of capital 7665:Sociology and economics 7481:Base and superstructure 7461:Philosophy and politics 6113:Cost the limit of price 5324:. John Wiley and Sons. 5263:Economics For Everybody 4872:21 October 2013 at the 4843:9 December 2013 at the 4606:Trotskyism or Leninism? 4266:. Book III, Chapter III 4137:The Philosophy of Right 3649:, Book XI, Chapter 13. 3307:Corrêa, Felipe (2024). 3175:Economic stratification 3165:Criticism of capitalism 3123:in France, 2018–present 2893:Winnipeg General Strike 2860:1917 Russian Revolution 2840:1905 Russian Revolution 2699:Yellow Turban Rebellion 2437:anti-austerity protests 2267:), sometimes termed a " 2115:François-Auguste Mignet 1825:The Communist Manifesto 112:By other characteristic 12044: 10958:José Carlos Mariátegui 10903:E. M. S. Namboodiripad 10888:Martin Luther King Jr. 10569:Luis Emilio Recabarren 10564:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 10499:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin 10188:Labor-time calculation 10153:Decentralized planning 10057:Proletarian revolution 10012:State-owned enterprise 9930:Criticism of socialism 7933:Socialist accumulation 7581:Proletarian revolution 7536:Historical materialism 6909:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5718:Propaganda of the deed 5708:Prefigurative politics 5698:Participatory politics 5643:Conscientious objector 5477:"The Global Class War" 5135:Collins, Patricia Hill 4968:Korotayev A, Zinkina J 4566:, chapter 2, remark 2. 4234:. Book III, Chapter IV 3866:, Book XI, Chapter 18. 3774:, Book XI, Chapter 18. 3758:, Book XI, Chapter 15. 3685:, Book XI, Chapter 16. 3669:, Book XI, Chapter 14. 3180:Master-slave dialectic 2884:General Strike of 1919 2729:in 14th-century France 2689:Conflict of the Orders 2593:" was incorporated by 2555: 2529:Persian Gulf countries 2414: 2379: 2247:Soviet-style societies 2145:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 1978: 1816: 1804: 1795: 1767: 1758: 1736: 1713: 1701: 1689: 1675: 1666: 1644: 1636: 1623: 1575: 1534: 1494: 1480: 1399: 1376: 1361: 1323: 1260: 1240: 1224: 1056: 920:Conflict of the Orders 918:as illustrated in the 862: 851: 840: 818:unfair labor practices 41: 12585:Pre-industrial Europe 11296:Socialism WikiProject 11058:Léopold Sédar Senghor 10763:Cornelius Castoriadis 10629:Alfred Russel Wallace 10394:Nikolay Chernyshevsky 10359:Louis Auguste Blanqui 10319:Stephen Pearl Andrews 10148:Cooperative ownership 9669:Maoism–Third Worldism 9085:Intentional community 8221:Collective leadership 7853:Democratic centralism 7496:Bourgeois nationalism 7359:Libertarian socialism 6474:Kate Sharpley Library 6449:Red inverted triangle 6392:High Treason Incident 6382:Congress of Amsterdam 5788:Voluntary association 5600:Anti-authoritarianism 5590:Anarchist criminology 5585:Anarchist Black Cross 5460:. Between the Lines. 5347:Yale University Press 4681:Zinn, Howard (2003). 4604:Harpal, Brar (1993). 4368:The Wealth of Nations 4350:The Wealth of Nations 4207:, Book I, Chapter 8. 4177:The Wealth of Nations 4096:The Federalist Papers 4073:The Federalist Papers 4001:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3940:The Wealth of Nations 3875:William Shakespeare. 3524:, Book Three, Part X. 3509:, Book Two, Part VII. 3475:, Book Four, Part IV. 3121:Yellow vests movement 3060:Bolivarian Revolution 3039:Nicaraguan Revolution 2665:Classical antiquity: 2648:Patricia Hill Collins 2549: 2517:government corruption 2417:Post-financial crisis 2399: 2374: 2253:formed by the ruling 1973: 1906:social stratification 1814: 1799: 1788: 1784:The Wealth of Nations 1762: 1749: 1729: 1705: 1696:The profits of stock 1694: 1684: 1670: 1661: 1653:The Wealth of Nations 1651:In the third book of 1640: 1631: 1627:The Wealth of Nations 1618: 1571: 1514: 1489: 1474: 1467:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1446:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1394: 1371: 1364:Landlessness and debt 1356: 1345:tribunes of the plebs 1315: 1248: 1236: 1222: 1050: 875:libertarian socialism 857: 846: 835: 414:Bulgarian unification 90:Counter-revolutionary 35: 12442: or countries 12253:By country or region 11491:Class discrimination 11321:Communism portal 11309:Socialism portal 11260:Socialism by country 10868:Pablo Iglesias Posse 10574:Henri de Saint-Simon 10529:Nikolay Mikhaylovsky 10183:Industrial democracy 9990:History of socialism 9985:History of communism 9980:History of anarchism 9191:Socialism portal 9179:Communism portal 9034:Criticism of Marxism 9024:Communist propaganda 8454:Fourth International 8444:Second International 8231:Communist revolution 8094:One Divides Into Two 8001:Permanent revolution 7958:Democracy in Marxism 7918:Revolutionary terror 7715:Commodity production 7700:Crisis of capitalism 7606:Scientific socialism 7501:Bourgeois revolution 7400:Anarchism portal 6804:Fictional characters 6287:Radical cheerleading 5496:. New Clarion Press. 4927:Moyers & Company 4329:. Book I, Chapter IX 4300:. Book I, Chapter VI 4037:On Political Economy 4011:On Political Economy 3989:On Political Economy 3539:, Book Two, Part IX. 3311:. Black Rose Books. 3206:. pp. 118–136. 3085:World Economic Forum 3054:2006 Oaxaca protests 3033:Winter of Discontent 2972:Poznań 1956 protests 2743:German Peasants' War 2536:Relationship to race 2451:, whose slogan was " 2345:National Labor Board 2103:Henri de Saint-Simon 2096:French revolutionary 2047:of cooperation in a 1963:progressive taxation 1578:Capitalist societies 1292:published Parenti's 791:political literature 773:, the withdrawal of 744:political philosophy 186:Contentious politics 57:Political revolution 11974:Vanniar (Chieftain) 11063:George Bernard Shaw 10978:François Mitterrand 10893:Alexandra Kollontai 10873:Jayaprakash Narayan 10554:Constantin Pecqueur 10374:Philippe Buonarroti 10329:John Goodwyn Barmby 10228:Workplace democracy 10138:Calculation in kind 10128:Anarchist economics 10077:Socialist economics 9975:Equality of outcome 9915:Anarchist economics 9627:Ho Chi Minh Thought 9544:Orthodox Trotskyism 9500:Libertarian Marxism 9495:Left-libertarianism 9139:Socialist economics 9055:Anti anti-communism 8984:Red flag (politics) 8449:Third International 8439:First International 8266:Market abolitionism 8211:Class consciousness 8011:Transitional demand 7878:National liberation 7863:Enemy of the people 7745:Means of production 7506:Bourgeois socialism 7491:Bourgeois democracy 7349:Left-libertarianism 6424:Kronstadt rebellion 6362:Trial of the Thirty 6327:Revolutions of 1848 6269:No gods, no masters 6078:Synthesis anarchism 6068:Anarcho-syndicalism 6056:Types of federation 5527:, 26 November 2018. 5316:Faux, Jeff (2006). 5256:(Revised ed.). 5208:, Pluto Press, 1977 5204:see Daniel Guérin, 5179:The Wonder of Grace 4865:(20 October 2013). 4082:Library of Congress 3967:McMaster University 3904:McMaster University 3713:Cornelius Tacitus. 3435:Cornelius Tacitus. 3150:Class consciousness 3145:Class collaboration 2956:Telangana Rebellion 2905:Kronstadt rebellion 2804:Revolutions of 1848 2749:Shimabara Rebellion 2669:Gracchi Tribuneship 2642:theorized that the 2576:sex, race and class 2470:wrote a column for 2316:means of production 2273:means of production 2187:class collaboration 1838:class consciousness 1608:Like Rousseau, the 1593:economic inequality 1561:Philosophy of Right 1332:William Shakespeare 1157:far too much power. 916:classical antiquity 898:Communist Manifesto 871:means of production 722:In the writings of 655:Politics portal 12555:18th-century Spain 12409:Standard of living 12113:Upper middle class 12108:Lower middle class 11699:Political prisoner 11481:Chattering classes 11453:Spoon class theory 11245:Marxist philosophy 11162:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 10988:Gamal Abdel Nasser 10943:Alasdair MacIntyre 10718:Simone de Beauvoir 10489:Ferdinand Lassalle 10256:Tommaso Campanella 10203:Production for use 10163:Economic democracy 10032:Mode of production 10022:Left-wing politics 10001:The Internationale 9689:Xi Jinping Thought 9159:Worker cooperative 9117:National communism 9090:Left-wing politics 8995:The Internationale 8347:Economic democracy 8124:Social imperialism 7948:Social imperialism 7820:Worker cooperative 7760:Production for use 7750:Mode of production 7601:Revolutionary wave 7566:Petite bourgeoisie 7476:Barracks communism 7299:Anti-globalization 6969:Dominican Republic 6794:Anarcho-punk bands 6454:Labadie Collection 6444:Barcelona May Days 6347:Cantonal rebellion 6281:Property is theft! 6247:The Internationale 6201:Anarchist bookfair 6000:Without adjectives 5855:Schools of thought 5510:– video report by 5103:Ann Laura Stoler, 4769:The New York Times 4538:A Study of History 4522:Augustin Thierry: 3881:, Act I, Scene I. 3862:The Spirit of Laws 3770:The Spirit of Laws 3754:The Spirit of Laws 3681:The Spirit of Laws 3665:The Spirit of Laws 3645:The Spirit of Laws 3241:The New York Times 3090:Occupy Wall Street 3080:World Social Forum 2989:in France and the 2850:Mexican Revolution 2822:Johnson County War 2798:Galician slaughter 2694:Roman Servile Wars 2630:Rome and Jerusalem 2556: 2445:Spanish Indignados 2395:political activist 2380: 2365:The New York Times 2307:, who were led by 2299:, who were led by 2212:. You can help by 2129:, and after Marx, 2074:. You can help by 2055:Other perspectives 1918:communal ownership 1916:would remain, but 1834:mode of production 1817: 1481: 1429:Greek colonisation 1410:bread and circuses 1377: 1324: 1225: 1135:The Spirit of Laws 1057: 863: 852: 841: 820:, low wages, poor 804:of the employees' 783:disenfranchisement 775:investment capital 759:counterrevolutions 630:Second Arab Spring 42: 12652:Political science 12624: 12623: 12602: 12601: 12598: 12597: 12435: 12434: 12242: 12241: 12238: 12237: 12234: 12233: 12136:Lumpenproletariat 11638:illegal immigrant 11599: 11598: 11511:Classless society 11341: 11340: 11214:Socialist parties 11195: 11194: 11098:Ram Manohar Lohia 11038:Gaetano Salvemini 10833:Mikhail Gorbachev 10544:Antonie Pannekoek 10173:Equal opportunity 10168:Economic planning 9901: 9900: 9790:African-Caribbean 9778:Regional variants 9510:Council communism 9378:Saint-Simonianism 9199: 9198: 8979:Hammer and sickle 8470:Communist Parties 8286:Stateless society 8281:Social revolution 8246:Communist society 8216:Classless society 8153: 8152: 8054:Capitalist roader 8006:Social revolution 7848:Central Committee 7755:Productive forces 7720:Dominant ideology 7616:Super-imperialism 7551:Lumpenproletariat 7422: 7421: 7379:Spontaneous order 7309:Anti-war movement 6814:Jewish anarchists 6322:French Revolution 6275:Popular education 6051: 6050: 5768:Spontaneous order 5630:Classless society 5375:978-0-7618-3331-4 5272:978-1-56765-640-4 5188:978-1-56043-572-3 5175:Eastwood, John H. 4931:19 December 2014. 4692:978-0-06-052842-3 4667:978-0-8093-1776-9 4615:978-1-874613-03-9 4590:978-0-15-665489-0 4564:What is Property? 4562:Pierre Proudhon, 4549:978-0-19-505081-3 4460:Project Gutenberg 4426:Project Gutenberg 4326:Project Gutenberg 4297:Project Gutenberg 4263:Project Gutenberg 4231:Project Gutenberg 4209:Project Gutenberg 4182:Project Gutenberg 4101:Federalist No. 10 4078:Federalist No. 10 3945:Project Gutenberg 3923:Project Gutenberg 3820:Publishers Weekly 3740:Tiberius Gracchus 3594:Project Gutenberg 3556:Project Gutenberg 3403:978-0-8014-9597-7 3318:978-1-55164-812-5 3293:978-0-312-09841-4 3265:978-0-00-255871-6 3221:978-0-12-820312-5 3104:Rojava Revolution 2998:in Italy, 1969–70 2933:Spanish Civil War 2836:in Korea, 1893–94 2761:French Revolution 2755:English Civil War 2717:in Florence, 1378 2616:French historians 2542:Intersectionality 2519:(demonstrated by 2509:absolute monarchy 2230: 2229: 2150:What is Property? 2139:Arnold J. Toynbee 2092: 2091: 1990:political parties 1930:communist society 1725:compound interest 1717:increase of stock 1610:classical liberal 1569:against the rich: 1543:Federalist No. 10 1435:Enlightenment era 1297:Publishers Weekly 1232:Tiberius Gracchus 1229:agrarian reformer 1223:Tiberius Gracchus 1215:Tiberius Gracchus 1015:Greek philosopher 779:voter suppression 736:conflict theories 693:political science 689: 688: 223:Mass mobilization 213:Guerrilla warfare 12674: 12614: 12613: 12441: 12342:Mexican-American 12270: 12269: 12261: 12260: 12248: 12247: 12049: 11992:Business magnate 11882:Knowledge worker 11767: 11766: 11655:dual or multiple 11618: 11617: 11605: 11604: 11559:Social exclusion 11554:Social cleansing 11468: 11418: 11417: 11407:Economic classes 11368: 11361: 11354: 11345: 11344: 11331: 11330: 11319: 11318: 11317: 11307: 11306: 11293: 11292: 11281: 11280: 11182:Yanis Varoufakis 11135: 11048:Jean-Paul Sartre 11033:Bertrand Russell 11008:Sylvia Pankhurst 10993:Jawaharlal Nehru 10863:Dolores Ibárruri 10828:Einar Gerhardsen 10808:Alexander Dubček 10758:Nikolai Bukharin 10668:Salvador Allende 10656: 10639:Wilhelm Weitling 10624:Suzanne Voilquin 10609:William Thompson 10599:Lysander Spooner 10559:Georgi Plekhanov 10549:Giovanni Pascoli 10514:Errico Malatesta 10509:Helen Macfarlane 10454:Alexander Herzen 10429:Friedrich Engels 10424:Prosper Enfantin 10419:W. E. B. Du Bois 10389:Edward Carpenter 10349:Eduard Bernstein 10312: 10295:Sylvain Maréchal 10273: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10208:Public ownership 10158:Direct democracy 10143:Common ownership 10107:Workers' council 10092:State capitalism 10007:Internationalism 9940:Critique of work 9920:Anti-revisionism 9602:Marxism–Leninism 9436:Left-wing market 9393: 9392: 9353:Social democracy 9236: 9226: 9219: 9212: 9203: 9202: 9189: 9188: 9177: 9176: 9175: 9080:Internationalism 9070:Communitarianism 8434:Communist League 8337:Common ownership 8306:World revolution 8256:Free association 8180: 8173: 8166: 8157: 8156: 8129:Struggle session 8049:Anti-revisionism 8026:World revolution 7953:Soviet democracy 7838:Anti-revisionism 7830:Marxist–Leninist 7800:Subject of labor 7730:Free association 7673: 7656:World revolution 7646:Workers' control 7641:Workers' council 7626:Two-stage theory 7469: 7449: 7442: 7435: 7426: 7425: 7398: 7397: 7396: 7289:Anti-consumerism 7284:Anti-corporatism 6434:Amakasu Incident 6377:Strandza Commune 6352:Haymarket affair 6253:Jewish anarchism 6195:A las Barricadas 6163:Social ownership 6148:Market socialism 6123:Free association 6083:Union of egoists 5860: 5859: 5793:Workers' council 5783:Union of egoists 5743:Security culture 5653:Decentralization 5648:Critique of work 5555: 5548: 5541: 5532: 5531: 5497: 5488: 5471: 5458:The Tenant Class 5452: 5450: 5448: 5443:on 29 March 2019 5439:. 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E. B. Du Bois 2525:Northern African 2439:, including the 2412: 2281:state capitalism 2225: 2222: 2204: 2197: 2107:Augustin Thierry 2099:François Boissel 2087: 2084: 2066: 2059: 2049:win-win scenario 1936:John Stuart Mill 1532: 1526:Thomas Jefferson 1510:Founding Fathers 1506:Thomas Jefferson 1501:Thomas Jefferson 1074:popular assembly 948:between the pro- 802:bargaining power 681: 674: 667: 653: 652: 506:Hungarian (1956) 338:Spanish American 67: 44: 43: 12682: 12681: 12677: 12676: 12675: 12673: 12672: 12671: 12662:Social conflict 12647:Conflict theory 12637:Anti-capitalism 12627: 12626: 12625: 12620: 12594: 12543: 12431: 12403: 12370: 12354:Underprivileged 12296: 12255: 12254: 12230: 12160: 12117: 12077: 12059: 11978: 11896: 11856: 11758: 11713: 11612: 11611: 11595: 11574:Social position 11564:Social mobility 11462: 11412: 11383: 11382: 11372: 11342: 11337: 11325: 11315: 11313: 11301: 11269: 11218: 11191: 11127: 11053:Arthur Scargill 11023:Pierre Renaudel 10843:Antonio Gramsci 10823:Muammar Gaddafi 10818:Faiz Ahmad Faiz 10813:Albert Einstein 10753:Aristide Briand 10743:Murray Bookchin 10738:Grace Lee Boggs 10723:Walter Benjamin 10693:Chiang Kai-shek 10673:Inejirō Asanuma 10648: 10619:Benjamin Tucker 10479:Peter Kropotkin 10459:Thomas Hodgskin 10434:Charles Fourier 10414:Théodore Dézamy 10364:Philippe Buchez 10324:Mikhail Bakunin 10304: 10280:Gracchus Babeuf 10265: 10232: 10213:Social dividend 10111: 10087:Socialist state 10052:Post-capitalism 10047:Planned economy 10042:Nationalization 9907: 9897: 9773: 9728: 9563: 9555: 9453:Insurrectionary 9399: 9391: 9257: 9250: 9237: 9232: 9230: 9200: 9195: 9183: 9173: 9171: 9163: 9038: 9007: 8965: 8887: 8509: 8458: 8420: 8356: 8327:Planned economy 8315: 8301:World communism 8276:Labour movement 8236:Communist state 8226:Communist party 8201:Anti-capitalism 8189: 8184: 8154: 8149: 8133: 8030: 7972: 7824: 7667: 7666: 7660: 7651:World communism 7521:Commodification 7463: 7462: 7456: 7453: 7423: 7418: 7394: 7392: 7384: 7383: 7382: 7339:Labour movement 7269: 7268: 7267: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6499:Occupy movement 6372:Ferrer movement 6307: 6306: 6305: 6221:Escuela Moderna 6179: 6178: 6177: 6087: 6047: 6004: 5968:Insurrectionary 5927: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5799: 5798: 5797: 5723:Refusal of work 5610:Anti-militarism 5605:Anti-capitalism 5564: 5559: 5504: 5468: 5446: 5444: 5437: 5387: 5376: 5357: 5332: 5296: 5273: 5240: 5218: 5216:Further reading 5213: 5212: 5203: 5199: 5189: 5172: 5168: 5132: 5128: 5115: 5111: 5102: 5098: 5085: 5081: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5039: 5035: 5022: 5021: 5017: 5007: 5005: 4995: 4991: 4965: 4961: 4951: 4949: 4939: 4935: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4891: 4887: 4874:Wayback Machine 4861: 4857: 4845:Wayback Machine 4836: 4832: 4822:Wayback Machine 4812: 4808: 4799: 4797: 4784: 4780: 4761: 4757: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4693: 4679: 4675: 4668: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4627: 4623: 4616: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4574: 4570: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4533: 4529: 4521: 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Soviet 2773:July Revolution 2767:Old Price Riots 2660: 2589:notion of the " 2583:Michel Foucault 2544: 2538: 2501: 2449:Occupy movement 2433: 2431:Occupy movement 2421:Main articles: 2419: 2413: 2406: 2336: 2277:state socialism 2255:political party 2235: 2226: 2220: 2217: 2210:needs expansion 2195: 2176:class divisions 2172:hunter-gatherer 2162:Peter Kropotkin 2155:Mikhail Bakunin 2111:François Guizot 2088: 2082: 2079: 2072:needs expansion 2057: 2031:, state power, 2009:Charles Dunoyer 2002: 1983: 1938: 1815:Karl Marx, 1875 1809: 1777:monopoly prices 1772: 1741: 1680: 1657:medieval period 1649: 1606: 1601: 1580: 1556: 1539: 1533: 1524: 1503: 1469: 1458:German idealist 1437: 1382:-era historian 1366: 1310: 1286:Michael Parenti 1278:in the tragedy 1272: 1217: 1190: 1170: 1110: 1045: 1008: 977: 932: 911: 830: 822:work conditions 728:Mikhail Bakunin 685: 647: 642: 641: 298: 290: 289: 161: 153: 152: 113: 105: 104: 75: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12680: 12670: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12657:Social classes 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12622: 12621: 12619: 12618: 12607: 12604: 12603: 12600: 12599: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12575:Ottoman Empire 12572: 12567: 12562: 12560:Ancient Greece 12557: 12551: 12549: 12545: 12544: 12542: 12541: 12536: 12534:United Kingdom 12531: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12445: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12433: 12432: 12430: 12429: 12427:Home-ownership 12424: 12419: 12413: 12411: 12405: 12404: 12402: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12380: 12378: 12372: 12371: 12369: 12368: 12367: 12366: 12361: 12351: 12350: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12329: 12328: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12306: 12304: 12298: 12297: 12295: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12282:American Dream 12279: 12273: 12267: 12257: 12256: 12244: 12243: 12240: 12239: 12236: 12235: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12228: 12223: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12195: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12170: 12168: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12127: 12125: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12099: 12098: 12087: 12085: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12075: 12069: 12067: 12061: 12060: 12058: 12057: 12050: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12025: 12024: 12019: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11988: 11986: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11976: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11906: 11904: 11898: 11897: 11895: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11878: 11877: 11866: 11864: 11858: 11857: 11855: 11854: 11849: 11848: 11847: 11842: 11841: 11840: 11825: 11824: 11823: 11818: 11810: 11809: 11808: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11787: 11786: 11775: 11773: 11764: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11725: 11723: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11694:Migrant worker 11691: 11686: 11685: 11684: 11674: 11673: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11647: 11646: 11645: 11640: 11630: 11624: 11622: 11614: 11613: 11610:By demographic 11601: 11600: 11597: 11596: 11594: 11593: 11590:Status Anxiety 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11544:Ranked society 11541: 11536: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11486:Class conflict 11483: 11478: 11472: 11470: 11469: topics 11464: 11463: 11461: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11443:Mudsill theory 11440: 11435: 11430: 11424: 11422: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11410: 11403: 11396: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11381: 11380: 11374: 11371: 11370: 11363: 11356: 11348: 11339: 11338: 11336: 11335: 11323: 11311: 11299: 11287: 11274: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11226: 11224: 11220: 11219: 11217: 11216: 11211: 11205: 11203: 11197: 11196: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11142:Pedro Castillo 11138: 11136: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11083:E. P. Thompson 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11043:Bernie Sanders 11040: 11035: 11030: 11028:B. T. Ranadive 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10963:Adrien Marquet 10960: 10955: 10953:Nelson Mandela 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10933:Rosa Luxemburg 10930: 10925: 10923:Vladimir Lenin 10920: 10915: 10913:Henri Lefebvre 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10878:Russell Jacoby 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10858:Saddam Hussein 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10798:Eugene V. Debs 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10748:Bertolt Brecht 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10708:Henri Barbusse 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10683:Clement Attlee 10680: 10678:Hafez al-Assad 10675: 10670: 10665: 10659: 10657: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10604:Fred M. Taylor 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10534:William Morris 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10399:James Connolly 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10344:Edward Bellamy 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10315: 10313: 10306: 10305: 10303: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10285:Victor d'Hupay 10282: 10276: 10274: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10263: 10258: 10252: 10250: 10240: 10234: 10233: 10231: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10193:Labour voucher 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10119: 10117: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9960:Egalitarianism 9957: 9952: 9947: 9945:Class struggle 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9911: 9909: 9903: 9902: 9899: 9898: 9896: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9879: 9878: 9873: 9871:In one country 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9826: 9825: 9824: 9823: 9822: 9812: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9781: 9779: 9775: 9774: 9772: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9760: 9759: 9754: 9744: 9738: 9736: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9714: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9706: 9705: 9704: 9703: 9693: 9692: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9599: 9589: 9584: 9583: 9582: 9571: 9569: 9557: 9556: 9554: 9553: 9548: 9547: 9546: 9541: 9540: 9539: 9534: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9513: 9512: 9505:Left communism 9497: 9492: 9491: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9423: 9418: 9407: 9405: 9390: 9389: 9388: 9387: 9386: 9385: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9308: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9262: 9260: 9252: 9251: 9242: 9239: 9238: 9229: 9228: 9221: 9214: 9206: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9193: 9181: 9168: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9125: 9124: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9103: 9102: 9097: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9046: 9044: 9043:Related topics 9040: 9039: 9037: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9019:Anti-communism 9015: 9013: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9005: 8998: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8975: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8922: 8921: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8895: 8893: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8519: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8466: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8430: 8428: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8416: 8406: 8401: 8400: 8399: 8389: 8388: 8387: 8382: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8323: 8321: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8206:Class conflict 8203: 8197: 8195: 8191: 8190: 8183: 8182: 8175: 8168: 8160: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8147: 8141: 8139: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8040: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7982: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7943:Social fascism 7940: 7935: 7930: 7928:Self-criticism 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7908:Real socialism 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7834: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7725:Exchange value 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7676: 7674: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7586:Pure communism 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7561:Metabolic rift 7558: 7556:Means of labor 7553: 7548: 7546:Liquidationism 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7516:Class struggle 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7472: 7470: 7458: 7457: 7452: 7451: 7444: 7437: 7429: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7410: 7403: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7354:Libertarianism 7351: 7346: 7344:Left communism 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7275:Related topics 7271: 7270: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7244:United Kingdom 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6959:Czech Republic 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6614:González Prada 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6429:Makhnovshchina 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6342:Hague Congress 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6277: 6272: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6143:Labour voucher 6140: 6138:Give-away shop 6135: 6130: 6128:General strike 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6063:Affinity group 6059: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6033:Post-anarchist 6030: 6025: 6020: 6014: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5959: 5958: 5956:Social ecology 5953: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5933:Post-classical 5929: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5912: 5902: 5897: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5868: 5866: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5753:Social ecology 5750: 5748:Self-ownership 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5678:Horizontalidad 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5634:Class struggle 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5615:Affinity group 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5543: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5516: 5513:Democracy Now! 5503: 5502:External links 5500: 5499: 5498: 5489: 5472: 5467:978-1771136228 5466: 5453: 5436:978-1604869569 5435: 5421:Ness, Immanuel 5417: 5408: 5380: 5374: 5364:Li Yi (2005). 5361: 5356:978-0300244175 5355: 5336: 5331:978-0471697619 5330: 5313: 5294: 5277: 5271: 5258: 5244: 5239:978-1629631127 5238: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5197: 5187: 5166: 5126: 5109: 5096: 5079: 5060: 5033: 5015: 4989: 4959: 4933: 4911: 4885: 4855: 4830: 4806: 4778: 4755: 4736: 4706: 4691: 4673: 4666: 4648: 4621: 4614: 4596: 4589: 4577:Đilas, Milovan 4568: 4555: 4548: 4527: 4515: 4495: 4478: 4464: 4455:Utilitarianism 4445: 4430: 4408: 4373: 4355: 4340: 4311: 4277: 4245: 4213: 4186: 4164: 4142: 4127: 4105: 4086: 4060: 4041: 4019: 3993: 3971: 3949: 3927: 3908: 3886: 3868: 3852: 3833: 3807: 3793:Kirkus Reviews 3776: 3760: 3744: 3725: 3706: 3687: 3671: 3655: 3632: 3613: 3598: 3575: 3560: 3541: 3526: 3511: 3496: 3477: 3462: 3447: 3428: 3409: 3402: 3384: 3369: 3354: 3339: 3324: 3317: 3299: 3292: 3271: 3264: 3246: 3227: 3220: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3101: 3099:Jasic Incident 3096: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3005: 3004:, 1969–present 2999: 2993: 2980: 2979:, 1967–present 2974: 2969: 2964: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2881: 2872: 2866: 2853: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2810:Newport Rising 2807: 2801: 2795: 2792:June Rebellion 2789: 2787:labor movement 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2703: 2702: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2677: 2671: 2664: 2659: 2656: 2644:intersectional 2540:Main article: 2537: 2534: 2500: 2497: 2453:We are the 99% 2427:We are the 99% 2418: 2415: 2407:Noam Chomsky, 2404: 2360:Warren Buffett 2357:philanthropist 2351:The investor, 2335: 2332: 2318:, or generate 2301:Vladimir Lenin 2257:(known as the 2234: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2221:September 2024 2207: 2205: 2194: 2191: 2178:and conflict. 2119:Adolphe Thiers 2090: 2089: 2069: 2067: 2056: 2053: 2001: 1998: 1982: 1979: 1968:Utilitarianism 1937: 1934: 1886: 1885: 1867: 1808: 1805: 1771: 1768: 1740: 1737: 1679: 1676: 1648: 1645: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1587:or government 1579: 1576: 1555: 1552: 1538: 1535: 1522: 1502: 1499: 1468: 1465: 1436: 1433: 1415:The economist 1365: 1362: 1326:The patrician 1321:Gavin Hamilton 1309: 1306: 1302:Kirkus Reviews 1271: 1268: 1216: 1213: 1189: 1186: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1147: 1109: 1106: 1093:Parallel Lives 1088: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1059:The historian 1053:British Museum 1044: 1041: 1033:maritime pilot 1013:was the first 1007: 1004: 976: 973: 963:The historian 931: 928: 910: 907: 829: 826: 816:") to protest 771:capital flight 705:social classes 701:class struggle 697:class conflict 687: 686: 684: 683: 676: 669: 661: 658: 657: 644: 643: 640: 639: 638: 637: 627: 622: 621: 620: 615: 610: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 569: 568: 563: 558: 553: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 482: 481: 476: 466: 465: 464: 459: 454: 446: 441: 436: 435: 434: 429: 421: 416: 411: 406: 405: 404: 399: 394: 389: 387:Italian states 379: 374: 373: 372: 367: 357: 352: 347: 342: 341: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 305: 299: 296: 295: 292: 291: 288: 287: 282: 280:Tax resistance 277: 272: 267: 262: 261: 260: 255: 250: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 204: 203: 193: 188: 183: 181:Class conflict 178: 173: 171:Civil disorder 168: 162: 159: 158: 155: 154: 151: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 114: 111: 110: 107: 106: 103: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 76: 73: 72: 69: 68: 60: 59: 53: 52: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12679: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12632: 12617: 12609: 12608: 12605: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12552: 12550: 12546: 12540: 12539:United States 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12446: 12444: 12440:Other regions 12438: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12414: 12412: 12410: 12406: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12377: 12373: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12356: 12355: 12352: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12334: 12333: 12330: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12312: 12311: 12308: 12307: 12305: 12303: 12299: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12274: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12265:United States 12262: 12258: 12249: 12245: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12171: 12169: 12167: 12163: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12128: 12126: 12124: 12120: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12097: 12094: 12093: 12092: 12089: 12088: 12086: 12084: 12080: 12074: 12071: 12070: 12068: 12066: 12062: 12056: 12055: 12051: 12048: 12047: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12014: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11987: 11985: 11981: 11975: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11907: 11905: 11903: 11899: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11876: 11873: 11872: 11871: 11868: 11867: 11865: 11863: 11859: 11853: 11850: 11846: 11843: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11834: 11831: 11830: 11829: 11826: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11804: 11803: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11785: 11782: 11781: 11780: 11777: 11776: 11774: 11772: 11768: 11765: 11761: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11716: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11704:Socioeconomic 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11683: 11680: 11679: 11678: 11675: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11652: 11651: 11648: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11635: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11619: 11615: 11606: 11602: 11592: 11591: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11579:Social stigma 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11569:Social orphan 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11534: 11529: 11528: 11527:Nouveau riche 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11501:Class traitor 11499: 11497: 11496:Class society 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11465: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11433:Gilbert model 11431: 11429: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11419: 11415: 11409: 11408: 11404: 11402: 11401: 11397: 11395: 11394: 11390: 11389: 11386: 11379: 11376: 11375: 11369: 11364: 11362: 11357: 11355: 11350: 11349: 11346: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11322: 11312: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11298: 11297: 11288: 11286: 11285: 11276: 11275: 11272: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11221: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11206: 11204: 11202: 11201:Organizations 11198: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11172:Lula da Silva 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11139: 11137: 11130: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11013:Fred Paterson 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11003:George Orwell 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10973:Salama Moussa 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10948:Nestor Makhno 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10928:György Lukács 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10918:Claude Lefort 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10853:Eric Hobsbawm 10851: 10849: 10848:Safdar Hashmi 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10783:Jeremy Corbyn 10781: 10779: 10778:G. D. H. Cole 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10698:Deng Xiaoping 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10651: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10634:Josiah Warren 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10614:Pyotr Tkachev 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10524:Louise Michel 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10504:Pierre Leroux 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10484:Paul Lafargue 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10384:Étienne Cabet 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10369:Georg Büchner 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10334:Enrico Barone 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10307: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10268: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10253: 10251: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10235: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10114: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10102:Welfare state 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10037:Nanosocialism 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10027:Mixed economy 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10002: 9998: 9996: 9995:Impossibilism 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9965:Equal liberty 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9904: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9835: 9834:Eurocommunism 9832: 9831: 9830: 9827: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9807: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9776: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9749: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9735: 9731: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9715: 9711: 9708: 9702: 9701:Neo-Stalinism 9699: 9698: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9654:Khrushchevism 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9644: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9604: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9581: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9562: 9561:Authoritarian 9558: 9552: 9549: 9545: 9542: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9511: 9508: 9507: 9506: 9503: 9502: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9448:Individualist 9446: 9444: 9441: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9398: 9394: 9384: 9381: 9380: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9343:Revolutionary 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9303: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9253: 9249: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9227: 9222: 9220: 9215: 9213: 9208: 9207: 9204: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9180: 9170: 9169: 9166: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9154:War communism 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9123: 9120: 9119: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9092: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9041: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9010: 9003: 8999: 8996: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8920: 8917: 8916: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8896: 8894: 8890: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8878:Moufawad-Paul 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8512: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8463:Organisations 8461: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8427: 8423: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8393: 8390: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8359: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8318: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8181: 8176: 8174: 8169: 8167: 8162: 8161: 8158: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8084:New Democracy 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8033: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7975: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7903:Popular front 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7827: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7805:Surplus value 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7795:Social murder 7793: 7791: 7790:Socialization 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7671: 7663: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7467: 7459: 7450: 7445: 7443: 7438: 7436: 7431: 7430: 7427: 7416: 7415: 7411: 7409: 7408: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7390: 7387: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7278: 7276: 7272: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7249:United States 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7009:French Guiana 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6419:Biennio Rosso 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6337:Paris Commune 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6158:Mutual credit 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6103:Communization 6101: 6100: 6096: 6094: 6090: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6011: 6007: 6001: 5998: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5894: 5893:Philosophical 5891: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5871:Individualist 5869: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5814:Animal rights 5812: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5683:Individualism 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5663:Direct action 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5551: 5549: 5544: 5542: 5537: 5536: 5533: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5506: 5505: 5495: 5490: 5487:(1): 110–139. 5486: 5482: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5459: 5454: 5442: 5438: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5386: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5367: 5362: 5358: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5322: 5321: 5314: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5297: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5248:Adamic, Louis 5245: 5241: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5207: 5201: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5106: 5100: 5093: 5089: 5083: 5075: 5071: 5064: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5004: 5000: 4993: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4930: 4928: 4923: 4920: 4915: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4882: 4880: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4863:Hedges, Chris 4859: 4852: 4850: 4849:The Real News 4846: 4842: 4839: 4834: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4810: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4684: 4677: 4669: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4636: 4632: 4625: 4617: 4611: 4607: 4600: 4592: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4565: 4559: 4551: 4545: 4541: 4539: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4511: 4510: 4502: 4500: 4491: 4490: 4482: 4474: 4468: 4461: 4458:, Chapter 5. 4457: 4456: 4449: 4442: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4405: 4404: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4370: 4369: 4362: 4360: 4352: 4351: 4344: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4319:Smith, Adam. 4315: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4290:Smith, Adam. 4286: 4284: 4282: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4256:Smith, Adam. 4252: 4250: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4224:Smith, Adam. 4220: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4153: 4146: 4139: 4138: 4131: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4068:James Madison 4064: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3863: 3859:Montesquieu. 3856: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3837: 3822:. 26 May 2003 3821: 3817: 3811: 3796:. 1 June 2003 3795: 3794: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3773: 3771: 3764: 3757: 3755: 3748: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3729: 3722: 3718: 3717: 3716:The Histories 3710: 3703: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3682: 3678:Montesqueiu. 3675: 3668: 3666: 3662:Montesquieu. 3659: 3652: 3648: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3617: 3610: 3609: 3602: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3579: 3572: 3571: 3564: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3545: 3538: 3537: 3530: 3523: 3522: 3515: 3508: 3507: 3500: 3493: 3489: 3488: 3481: 3474: 3473: 3466: 3459: 3458: 3451: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3432: 3425: 3421: 3420: 3413: 3405: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3380: 3373: 3366:. Britannica. 3365: 3358: 3350: 3343: 3335: 3328: 3320: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3295: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3276: 3267: 3261: 3257: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3231: 3223: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3196: 3191: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2991:Prague Spring 2988: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2899:Ruhr Uprising 2897: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2816:Paris Commune 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2779:Canut revolts 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2705:Middle Ages: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2684:Julius Caesar 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2626:labor Zionist 2623: 2619: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2581:According to 2579: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2410: 2403: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2334:United States 2331: 2329: 2325: 2324:Ernest Mandel 2321: 2320:surplus value 2317: 2312: 2310: 2309:Julius Martov 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2224: 2215: 2211: 2208:This section 2206: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2190: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2135:economic rent 2132: 2128: 2127:David Ricardo 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2086: 2083:November 2010 2077: 2073: 2070:This section 2068: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005:Charles Comte 1997: 1995: 1994:social status 1991: 1987: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1969: 1965:in his essay 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1883: 1879: 1878:surplus value 1875: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1821: 1813: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1746: 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1127: 1123: 1122:Enlightenment 1119: 1115: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1054: 1049: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1016: 1012: 1003: 1001: 996: 993: 988: 984: 983: 972: 970: 966: 961: 958: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 938: 927: 925: 921: 917: 906: 904: 900: 899: 894: 890: 886: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 861: 856: 850: 845: 839: 834: 825: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 732:working class 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 709:socioeconomic 706: 702: 698: 694: 682: 677: 675: 670: 668: 663: 662: 660: 659: 656: 651: 646: 645: 636: 633: 632: 631: 628: 626: 623: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 548: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 480: 477: 475: 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H. Tawney 11018:Karl Polanyi 10898:James Larkin 10768:Noam Chomsky 10494:Pyotr Lavrov 10474:Karl Kautsky 10469:Mother Jones 10449:Charles Hall 10439:Emma Goldman 10409:Claire Démar 10339:August Bebel 10133:Basic income 9944: 9641: 9517:Luxemburgism 9468:Neozapatismo 9416:Collectivist 9266:21st century 9065:Anti-fascism 8951:Soviet Union 8332:Gift economy 8291:Wage slavery 8205: 8099:People's war 8021:United front 7963:United front 7770:Ruling class 7735:Law of value 7631:Wage slavery 7621:Theoretician 7515: 7412: 7405: 7391: 7304:Anti-statism 7294:Anti-fascism 7199:South Africa 6699:Pi i Margall 6396: 6245: 6206:Anarcho-punk 6193: 6168:Wage slavery 6133:Gift economy 6028:Postcolonial 6010:Contemporary 5963:Independence 5910:Collectivist 5829:Love and sex 5658:Deep ecology 5595:Anationalism 5522: 5511: 5493: 5484: 5480: 5457: 5445:. Retrieved 5441:the original 5429:. PM Press. 5425: 5412: 5398:(2): 15–36. 5395: 5391: 5365: 5341: 5319: 5283: 5262: 5251: 5224: 5205: 5200: 5192: 5178: 5169: 5147:(1): 41–53. 5144: 5138: 5129: 5117: 5112: 5104: 5099: 5087: 5082: 5074:the original 5063: 5051:. Retrieved 5047:the original 5036: 5018: 5006:. Retrieved 5003:The Guardian 5002: 4992: 4979: 4975: 4962: 4950:. Retrieved 4947:The Guardian 4946: 4936: 4925: 4914: 4902:. Retrieved 4898: 4888: 4877: 4858: 4847: 4833: 4809: 4798:, retrieved 4788: 4781: 4768: 4758: 4749: 4739: 4727:. Retrieved 4718: 4709: 4682: 4676: 4657: 4651: 4639:. Retrieved 4624: 4605: 4599: 4580: 4571: 4563: 4558: 4536: 4530: 4518: 4508: 4488: 4481: 4467: 4454: 4448: 4439: 4433: 4420: 4411: 4402: 4367: 4349: 4343: 4331:. Retrieved 4324: 4314: 4302:. Retrieved 4295: 4268:. Retrieved 4261: 4236:. Retrieved 4229: 4203: 4176: 4167: 4155:. Retrieved 4145: 4136: 4130: 4117: 4108: 4095: 4089: 4072: 4063: 4044: 4036: 4031: 4022: 4015:Liberty Fund 4010: 4005: 3996: 3988: 3983: 3974: 3961: 3952: 3939: 3930: 3917: 3911: 3902:, Part III. 3898: 3889: 3877: 3871: 3861: 3855: 3847: 3842: 3836: 3824:. Retrieved 3819: 3810: 3798:. Retrieved 3791: 3769: 3763: 3753: 3747: 3739: 3734: 3728: 3721:LacusCurtius 3715: 3709: 3701: 3696: 3690: 3680: 3674: 3664: 3658: 3651:Liberty Fund 3644: 3635: 3627: 3622: 3616: 3607: 3601: 3589: 3584: 3578: 3573:, Book VIII. 3570:The Republic 3569: 3563: 3551:The Republic 3550: 3544: 3535: 3529: 3520: 3514: 3505: 3499: 3486: 3480: 3471: 3465: 3456: 3454:Thucydides. 3450: 3443:LacusCurtius 3437: 3431: 3418: 3416:Thucydides. 3412: 3393: 3387: 3372: 3357: 3342: 3327: 3308: 3302: 3283: 3255: 3249: 3240: 3230: 3203: 2985:, including 2738:Modern era: 2737: 2704: 2701:, 184–205 AD 2661: 2652: 2638: 2634:emancipation 2620: 2607:state racism 2587:essentialist 2580: 2557: 2554:summer, 1973 2552:Philadelphia 2515:violations, 2513:human rights 2502: 2492: 2490: 2471: 2468:Chris Hedges 2466:in the U.S. 2457: 2434: 2408: 2400: 2383:Noam Chomsky 2381: 2376:Noam Chomsky 2363: 2350: 2337: 2313: 2265:Soviet Union 2260:nomenklatura 2258: 2236: 2218: 2214:adding to it 2209: 2180: 2165: 2159: 2148: 2143: 2131:Henry George 2093: 2080: 2076:adding to it 2071: 2024: 2021:ruling class 2003: 1984: 1974: 1966: 1960: 1952:go on strike 1941: 1939: 1928:, stateless 1922: 1903: 1899: 1887: 1882:exploitation 1869: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1842:exploitation 1823: 1818: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1781: 1773: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1745:trade unions 1742: 1732: 1730: 1714: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1650: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1624: 1619: 1607: 1581: 1572: 1559: 1557: 1540: 1529: 1515: 1504: 1495: 1490: 1482: 1475:Rousseau by 1441: 1438: 1421:colonisation 1414: 1400: 1395: 1387: 1378: 1372: 1357: 1351: 1349: 1342: 1335: 1325: 1316: 1301: 1296: 1293: 1284:, historian 1279: 1273: 1261: 1249: 1241: 1237: 1226: 1204:capite censi 1202: 1191: 1174:dictatorship 1171: 1153:granted the 1151:constitution 1140:King Tarquin 1133: 1124:philosopher 1111: 1091: 1089: 1058: 1019: 1009: 997: 981: 978: 962: 936: 933: 912: 905:capitalism. 896: 883: 864: 795: 748: 721: 700: 696: 690: 541:People Power 258:Disobedience 180: 29: 12509:New Zealand 12226:Untouchable 12151:Proletariat 12141:Pea-pickers 12091:Bourgeoisie 11779:Aristocracy 11665:naturalized 11660:native-born 11177:Evo Morales 11167:Kim Jong Un 11147:Hugo Chávez 11118:Howard Zinn 11108:Cornel West 11103:H. G. Wells 11073:Sun Yat-sen 10908:Jack Layton 10883:Kim Jong-il 10838:Maxim Gorky 10788:Marcel Déat 10703:Jiang Zemin 10644:Oscar Wilde 10584:George Sand 10539:Robert Owen 10464:Jean Jaurès 10354:Louis Blanc 10261:Thomas More 10223:Technocracy 10097:Trade union 10067:Revisionism 10017:Land reform 9888:Third World 9815:Nationalist 9607:Brezhnevism 9580:Nechayevism 9522:Mao-Spontex 9488:Syndicalist 9478:Communalism 9473:Platformism 9426:Free-market 9397:Libertarian 9383:Technocracy 9333:Nationalist 9311:Syndicalism 9149:Trade union 9107:LGBT rights 8941:Philippines 8392:Pre-Marxist 8385:Libertarian 8109:Revisionism 7996:French Turn 7968:Vanguardism 7923:Secretariat 7913:Revisionism 7740:Materialism 7591:Revisionism 7541:Imperialism 7486:Bourgeoisie 7214:Switzerland 7174:Puerto Rico 7159:Philippines 7124:New Zealand 7119:Netherlands 6989:El Salvador 6824:Periodicals 6387:Tragic Week 6258:Lifestylism 6153:Mutual bank 6108:Cooperative 6073:Platformism 6023:Free-market 5951:Primitivist 5834:Nationalism 5763:Somatherapy 5673:Freethought 5092:David Macey 4982:: 139–165. 3826:12 November 3800:12 November 3533:Aristotle. 3518:Aristotle. 3503:Aristotle. 3484:Aristotle. 3469:Aristotle. 2963:, 1953–1959 2947:, 1948–1988 2941:, 1947–1950 2935:, 1936–1939 2852:, 1910-1920 2830:, 1890–1930 2824:, 1889–1893 2757:, 1642–1651 2751:, 1637–1638 2680:Gallic Wars 2603:eugenicists 2505:Arab Spring 2499:Arab Spring 2460:Bill Moyers 2391:philosopher 2385:, American 2353:billionaire 2123:Physiocrats 2041:free market 2019:power. The 1874:bourgeoisie 1864:labor power 1860:proletariat 1589:bureaucracy 1126:Montesquieu 1029:oligarchies 903:plutocratic 755:revolutions 695:, the term 603:Arab Spring 201:Human chain 191:Coup d'état 100:Proletarian 12631:Categories 12499:Luxembourg 12389:Inequality 12054:Superclass 11845:Hereditary 11821:Post-Roman 11812:Patrician 11682:adolescent 11506:Classicide 11284:Categories 11187:Xi Jinping 11123:J. Posadas 10803:John Dewey 10793:Guy Debord 10713:Jyoti Basu 10594:Eugène Sue 9908:and issues 9906:Key topics 9883:Sri Lankan 9856:Melanesian 9851:Indonesian 9800:Bolivarian 9722:Lassallism 9710:Tkachevism 9592:Bolshevism 9566:from above 9551:Third camp 9527:Trotskyism 9402:from below 9368:Icarianism 9363:Fourierism 9348:Scientific 9281:Democratic 9256:Schools of 8758:Berlinguer 8648:Khrushchev 7978:Trotskyist 7858:Dual power 7526:Dialectics 7334:Dual Power 7319:Autonomism 7314:Autarchism 6974:East Timor 6944:Costa Rica 6889:Bangladesh 6884:Azerbaijan 6594:Feyerabend 6231:Freeganism 5881:Illegalist 5819:Capitalism 5758:Sociocracy 5728:Revolution 5693:Mutual aid 5625:Black bloc 5310:1131155734 5306:0804705607 5295:0804705615 5116:quoted in 5086:Quoted in 5008:11 October 4952:11 October 4904:21 January 4899:Scheerpost 4800:14 October 4719:forbes.com 4199:Adam Smith 4172:Adam Smith 3935:Adam Smith 3878:Coriolanus 3864:, Volume 1 3848:Coriolanus 3840:Plutarch. 3772:, Volume 1 3756:, Volume 1 3732:Plutarch. 3694:Plutarch. 3683:, Volume 1 3667:, Volume 1 3647:, Volume 1 3620:Plutarch. 3582:Plutarch. 3186:References 2996:Hot Autumn 2763:since 1789 2745:since 1524 2676:, 91–88 BC 2674:Social War 2658:Chronology 2622:Moses Hess 2599:biologists 2464:plutocracy 2305:Mensheviks 2303:, and the 2297:Bolsheviks 2239:Trotskyist 2167:Mutual Aid 1948:Parliament 1914:production 1613:Adam Smith 1599:Adam Smith 1585:parliament 1452:statesman 1450:Federalist 1442:philosophe 1417:Adam Smith 1352:Coriolanus 1337:Coriolanus 1328:Coriolanus 1317:Coriolanus 1308:Coriolanus 1114:patricians 957:oligarchic 942:Thucydides 930:Thucydides 889:capitalism 879:solidarity 787:propaganda 625:Euromaidan 573:Bolivarian 521:Nicaraguan 501:Guatemalan 439:Young Turk 419:Philippine 248:Nonviolent 243:Resistance 218:Insurgency 128:Nonviolent 123:From above 95:Democratic 12667:Socialism 12524:Sri Lanka 12417:Education 12384:Household 12277:Affluence 12212:Rat tribe 12174:Ant tribe 12146:Precariat 12131:Lazzaroni 12073:Bohemians 12034:Overclass 12029:Old money 11965:Spartiate 11940:Kshatriya 11930:Hashashin 11887:Professor 11828:Political 11801:Oligarchy 11791:Hanseaten 11709:Stateless 11689:Convicted 11621:By status 11584:Subaltern 11516:Euthenics 11448:New class 11235:Communism 11230:Anarchism 11157:Hu Jintao 10983:Imre Nagy 10773:M. N. 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