Commonwealth of Nations

8832: 8824: 4811:. The debt was held in the form of British government securities and became known as "sterling balances". By 1950, India, Pakistan and Ceylon had spent much of their sterling, whilst other countries accumulated more. The sterling area included all of the Commonwealth except for Canada, together with some smaller countries especially in the Persian Gulf. They held their foreign-exchange in sterling, protecting that currency from runs and facilitating trade and investment inside the Commonwealth. It was a formal relationship with fixed exchange rates, periodic meetings at Commonwealth summits to coordinate trade policy, and domestic economic policies. The United Kingdom ran a trade surplus, and the other countries were mostly producers of raw materials sold to the United Kingdom. The commercial rationale was gradually less attractive to the Commonwealth; however, access to the growing London capital market remained an important advantage to the newly independent nations. As the United Kingdom moved increasingly close to Europe, however, the long-term ties began to be in doubt. 1800: 4855:, with Gregory Johnson describing it as "the last gasp of empire". Australia and New Zealand were generally opposed to the United Kingdom's entry and exerted considerable influence on the eventual terms of accession in 1972, for which the United Kingdom agreed to transitional arrangements and monetary compensation to protect important export markets. Russell Ward summarises the period in economic terms: "In fact the United Kingdom, as Australia's chief trading partner, was being very rapidly replaced just at this time by the United States and an economically resurgent Japan, but most people were scarcely aware of this.... It was feared that British entry into the Common Market was bound to mean abolition, or at least scaling down, of preferential tariff arrangements for Australians goods." 1282: 5588: 5607: 4843:. The United States, international agencies, and the Soviet Union became important players, and the British role receded. Whilst there was opposition to British entry into the EEC from many countries, such as Australia, others preferred the economic advantages brought by British access to the Common Market. The historic ties between the former dominion nations and the United Kingdom were rapidly fraying. The Canadian economy increasingly focused on trade with the United States, and not on trade with the United Kingdom or other Commonwealth nations. Internal Canadian disputes revolved around the growing American cultural and economic presence, and the strong force of 2109: 2233: 4905: 4152: 2393: 719: 2017: 5089: 2375:(CHRI) finding that "the state of governance and human rights in Rwanda does not satisfy Commonwealth standards", and that it "does not therefore qualify for admission". CHRI commented that: "It does not make sense to admit a state that already does not satisfy Commonwealth standards. This would tarnish the reputation of the Commonwealth and confirm the opinion of many people and civic organisations that the leaders of its governments do not really care for democracy and human rights, and that its periodic, solemn declarations are merely hot air." 3030: 216: 4991: 83: 2898:(EPG) panel which asserted that the organisation had lost its relevance and was decaying due to the lack of a mechanism to censure member countries when they violated human rights or democratic norms. The panel made 106 "urgent" recommendations including the adoption of a Charter of the Commonwealth, the creation of a new commissioner on the rule of law, democracy and human rights to track persistent human rights abuses and allegations of political repression by Commonwealth member states, recommendations for the repeal of 4086: 2913:, a member of the EPG, who told a press conference: "The Commonwealth faces a very significant problem. It's not a problem of hostility or antagonism, it's more of a problem of indifference. Its purpose is being questioned, its relevance is being questioned and part of that is because its commitment to enforce the values for which it stands is becoming ambiguous in the eyes of many member states. The Commonwealth is not a private club of the governments or the secretariat. It belongs to the people of the Commonwealth." 689: 2160: 1460: 3294: 320: 5271:, with the Caribbean nations in cricket and netball, and with the Indian subcontinent in cricket and hockey. Canada, by contrast, is dominated by North American sports, including baseball instead of cricket, basketball rather than netball, ice hockey rather than field hockey and Canadian football, rather than rugby union or league. Canada does, however, maintain small enthusiastic communities in all the more traditional Commonwealth sports, having reached the World Cup in each of them, and is the homeplace of the 98: 1294: 4317: 788: 4515: 2997: 872: 201: 69: 5759: 4020: 661: 4614: 913: 5330: 2405: 845: 5213: 4350: 4251: 803: 760: 2762: 4119: 3921: 3063: 704: 620: 229: 5745: 15573: 4218: 3096: 746: 242: 3822: 580: 398: 4889:; however, it is far from clear that this would either offer sufficient economic benefit to replace the impact of leaving the EU or be acceptable to other member states. Although the EU is already in the process of negotiating free trade agreements with many Commonwealth countries such as India and Canada, it took the EU almost ten years to come to an agreement with Canada, due to the challenge associated with achieving the necessary EU-wide approvals. 4756: 4713: 4383: 818: 4284: 3789: 774: 567: 15583: 3129: 255: 3690: 3360: 3195: 528: 346: 281: 4449: 4416: 3987: 3723: 3591: 3261: 832: 647: 541: 489: 359: 307: 3954: 3525: 3426: 634: 463: 424: 5368: 4647: 3855: 3624: 1947: 927: 593: 502: 1973:. The secretariat organises Commonwealth summits, meetings of ministers, consultative meetings and technical discussions; it assists policy development and provides policy advice, and facilitates multilateral communication amongst the member governments. It also provides technical assistance to help governments in the social and economic development of their countries and in support of the Commonwealth's fundamental political values. 4548: 3459: 3327: 3228: 3162: 886: 437: 333: 294: 268: 4680: 4581: 4053: 3657: 940: 899: 675: 515: 4185: 733: 385: 4482: 3888: 3756: 3558: 3393: 858: 606: 554: 476: 411: 372: 1666:

the nations in the Commonwealth and therefore they join. At the same time, it is made perfectly clear that each country is completely free to go its own way; it may be that they may go, sometimes go so far as to break away from the Commonwealth...Otherwise, apart from breaking the evil parts of the association, it is better to keep a co-operative association going which may do good in this world rather than break it.

5353:, one of the highest honours in literature, used to be awarded only to authors from Commonwealth countries or former members such as Ireland and Zimbabwe. Since 2014, however, writers of any nationality have been eligible for the prize providing that they write originally in English and their novels are published by established publishers in the United Kingdom. Today, the Commonwealth Foundation awards the annual 5296:

also more avowedly political than events like the Olympics, promoting what are seen as Commonwealth values; historically, a history of shared military endeavour was celebrated and promoted, parasport and disability sport is fully integrated, and the Commonwealth Games Federation has publicly backed the rights of LGBT people, despite the continuing criminalisation of homosexuality in many Commonwealth countries.

3492: 450: 2878:, which built on those in Singapore and Harare and clarified their terms of reference, stating, "We are committed to democracy, good governance, human rights, gender equality, and a more equitable sharing of the benefits of globalisation." The Commonwealth website lists its areas of work as: democracy, economics, education, gender, governance, human rights, law, small states, sport, sustainability, and youth. 5349:"to encourage and reward the upsurge of new Commonwealth fiction and ensure that works of merit reach a wider audience outside their country of origin". Prizes are awarded for the best book and best first book in the Commonwealth; there are also regional prizes for the best book and best first book in each of four regions. Although not officially affiliated with the Commonwealth, the prestigious annual 5177:

organisations who work with local government. Practitioner to practitioner support is at the core of CLGF's work across the Commonwealth and within the region, using CLGF's own members to support others both within and between regions. CLGF is a member of the Global Taskforce of Local and Regional Governments, the formal partner of the UN Major Group of Local Authorities.

1761:, a former French colony, joined the Commonwealth, despite never having been under British rule. Gabon was partially suspended from the Commonwealth in September 2023 following a military coup, with two years given by the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group for the country to hold new elections before a full suspension of Commonwealth membership would be considered. 4968:. Admittance is open to all members of the Commonwealth, and in December 2008, stood at 46 out of the 53 member countries. Associate Membership, which is open to associated states or overseas territories of member governments, has been granted to Gibraltar. 2005 saw celebrations for the Foundation's 40th Anniversary. The Foundation is headquartered in 2668:

suspension was amended to a suspension from councils of the Commonwealth by the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group, permitting Fiji to join a number of Commonwealth activities, including the Commonwealth Games. Fiji's suspension was lifted in September 2014. The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group fully reinstated Fiji as a member following

5128:. The CWGC is notable for marking the graves identically, regardless of the rank, country of origin, race, or religion of the buried. It is funded by voluntary agreement by six Commonwealth members, in proportion to the nationality of the casualties in the graves maintained, with 75% of the funding coming from the United Kingdom. 5635:. The Commonwealth leadership was criticized for admitting Gabon as a member at the 2022 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Kigali, Rwanda – a country with poor human rights record - despite the fact that Gabon had been governed for 56 years by the kleptocratic Bongo family, until they were overthrown in a coup in 2023. 2547:"self-representation in all Commonwealth meetings; full participation in debates and procedures, with a right to speak where relevant and the opportunity to enter into discussions with those who are full members; and no right to vote in the Ministerial or Heads of Government meetings, which is reserved for full members". The 5283:

character (in cricket, rugby league and rugby union). Indeed, said rivalries preserved close ties by providing a constant in international relationships, even as the Empire transformed into the Commonwealth. Externally, playing these sports is seen to be a sign of sharing a certain Commonwealth culture; the adoption of

1691:, and newly independent African countries were joining the Commonwealth, new ideas were floated to prevent the United Kingdom from becoming isolated in economic affairs. British trade with the Commonwealth was four times larger than its trade with Europe. In 1956 and 1957, the British government, under Prime Minister 2586: 5626:

Whilst, due to their shared constitutional histories, most countries in the Commonwealth have outwardly similar legal and political systems, several of them – including Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Nigeria, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Uganda – have experienced

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political power, was not accompanied by an application to remain. Commonwealth membership was held to have lapsed until 1997, after discriminatory provisions in the republican constitution were repealed and reapplication for membership made. Fiji has since been suspended twice, with the first imposed

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In 1997 the Commonwealth Heads of Government agreed that, to become a member of the Commonwealth, an applicant country should, as a rule, have had a constitutional association with an existing Commonwealth member; that it should comply with Commonwealth values, principles and priorities as set out in

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is an intergovernmental organisation, resourced by and reporting to Commonwealth governments, and guided by Commonwealth values and priorities. Its mandate is to strengthen civil society in the achievement of Commonwealth priorities: democracy and good governance, respect for human rights and gender

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In the end, two-thirds of the EPG's 106 urgently recommended reforms were referred to study groups, an act described by one EPG member as having them "kicked into the long grass". There was no agreement to create the recommended position of human rights commissioner, instead a ministerial management

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We join the Commonwealth obviously because we think it is beneficial to us and to certain causes in the world that we wish to advance. The other countries of the Commonwealth want us to remain there because they think it is beneficial to them. It is mutually understood that it is to the advantage of

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had to ratify the statute for it to take effect. Newfoundland never did as due to economic hardship and the need for financial assistance from London, Newfoundland voluntarily accepted the suspension of self-government in 1934 and governance reverted to direct control from London. Newfoundland later

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cycle is the most visible demonstration of these sporting ties. The Games include standard multi-sports disciplines like athletics, swimming, gymnastics, and cycling, but also includes sports popular in the Commonwealth that are distinct to the Games such as netball, squash and lawn bowls. They are

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CLGF is unique in bringing together central, provincial and local spheres of government involved in local government policy and decision-making. CLGF members include local government associations, individual local authorities, ministries dealing with local government, and research and professional

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The Commonwealth Secretariat regulates formal accreditation with the Commonwealth through its Accreditation Committee. The admittance criteria includes upholding a commitment to the Commonwealth Charter. There are currently approximately 80 organisations holding formal accreditation. These include

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in 1997 ended the territory's status as a part of the Commonwealth through the United Kingdom. Non-sovereign states or regions are not permitted to become members of the Commonwealth. The government of China has not pursued membership. Hong Kong has nevertheless continued to participate in some of

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New members must "as a general rule" have a direct constitutional link to an existing member. In most cases, this is due to being a former colony of the United Kingdom, but some have links to other countries, either exclusively or more directly (e.g., Bangladesh to Pakistan, Samoa to New Zealand,

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The post-war Commonwealth was given a fresh mission by Queen Elizabeth II in her Christmas Day 1953 broadcast, in which she envisioned the Commonwealth as "an entirely new conception – built on the highest qualities of the Spirit of Man: friendship, loyalty, and the desire for freedom and peace".

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early 20th-century vision of a world empire that could combine Imperial preference, mutual defence and social growth. In addition, the United Kingdom's cosmopolitan role in world affairs became increasingly limited, especially with the losses of India and Singapore. Whilst British politicians at

1408:, the United Kingdom and its dominions agreed they were "equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations". The term " 5686:

The Commonwealth has adopted a number of symbols that represent the association of its members. The English language is recognised as a symbol of the members' heritage; as well as being considered a symbol of the Commonwealth, recognition of it as "the means of Commonwealth communication" is a

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This shared sporting landscape has led to the development of friendly national rivalries between the main sporting nations that have often defined their relations with each other, and in the cases of India, Australia and New Zealand, have played a major part in defining their emerging national

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has shown that trade with another Commonwealth member is up to 50% more than with a non-member on average, with smaller and less wealthy states having a higher propensity to trade within the Commonwealth. At the 2005 Summit in Malta, the heads of government endorsed pursuing free trade amongst

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and the technical assistance programme (with an exception for assistance in re-establishing democracy). Sharma stated that Fiji would remain a member of the Commonwealth during its suspension, but would be excluded from emblematic representation by the secretariat. On 19 March 2014 Fiji's full

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Recalling that the Commonwealth is a voluntary association of independent and equal sovereign states, each responsible for its own policies, consulting and co-operating in the common interests of our peoples and in the promotion of international understanding and world peace, and influencing

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have called on the UK foreign secretary to request that the Commonwealth heads of government "consider granting associate membership to Jersey and the other Crown Dependencies as well as any other territories at a similarly advanced stage of autonomy". Jersey has proposed that it be accorded

1695:, considered a "Plan G" to create a European free trade zone whilst also protecting the favoured status of the Commonwealth. The United Kingdom also considered inviting Scandinavian and other European countries to join the Commonwealth, so that it would become a major economic common market. 5325:

The shared history of British presence has produced a substantial body of writing in many languages, known as Commonwealth literature. The Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies (ACLALS) has 11 branches worldwide and holds an international conference every three years.

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The Commonwealth comprises 56 countries, across all inhabited continents. The members have a combined population of 2.4 billion people, almost a third of the world population, with 1.4 billion living in India, and 94% living in either Asia or Africa. After India, the next-largest

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The games are the Commonwealth's most visible activity and interest in the operation of the Commonwealth increases greatly when the Games are held. There is controversy over whether the games—and sport generally—should be involved in the Commonwealth's wider political concerns. The 1977

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countries. It was often used in debates regarding immigration from these countries. The United Kingdom and the pre-1945 dominions became informally known as the Old Commonwealth, or more pointedly as the 'white Commonwealth', in reference to what had been known as the 'White Dominions'.

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South Sudanese politicians have expressed interest in joining the Commonwealth. A senior Commonwealth source stated in 2006 that "many people have assumed an interest from Israel, but there has been no formal approach". Israel and Palestine are both potential candidates for membership.

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is seen as symbolic of the country's move towards Commonwealth membership. More broadly, Rwanda's membership of the Commonwealth has been credited with helping popularise cricket in the country, with both men and women playing it in orphanages, schools, universities and cricket clubs.

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pandemic, it was rescheduled to be held there in the week of 21 June 2021 before once again being postponed to 25-26 June 2022. It was accompanied by meetings of a Commonwealth Business Forum, a Commonwealth Youth Forum, a Commonwealth Women's Forum and a Commonwealth People's Forum.

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Commonwealth countries share a common culture which includes the English language, sports, legal systems, education and government. These commonalities are the result of the Commonwealth's heritage, having developed out of the British Empire. Symbols of the Commonwealth include the

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The land area of the Commonwealth nations is about 31,500,000 km (12,200,000 sq mi), or about 21% of the total world land area. The two largest Commonwealth nations by area are Canada at 9,984,670 km (3,855,100 sq mi) and Australia at 7,617,930 km

2324:(CMAG), which has the power to rule on whether members meet the requirements for membership under the Harare Declaration. Also in 1995, an Inter-Governmental Group was created to finalise and codify the full requirements for membership. Upon reporting in 1997, as adopted under the 6066:

They are autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of

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The Commonwealth Local Government Forum (CLGF) is a global local government organisation, bringing together local authorities, their national associations and the ministries responsible for local government in the member countries of the Commonwealth. CLGF works with national and

2659:. At first, the suspension applied only to membership on the Councils of the Commonwealth. After failing to meet a Commonwealth deadline for setting a date for national elections by 2010, Fiji was "fully suspended" on 1 September 2009. The secretary-general of the Commonwealth, 2053:

to resident Commonwealth citizens. Some countries, including the United Kingdom, have preferential citizenship acquisition or residency policies for Commonwealth citizens. Initially, Commonwealth countries were not considered to be "foreign" to each other as their citizens were

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and Colonial Conferences, dating back to 1887. There are also regular meetings of finance ministers, law ministers, health ministers and others. Members in arrears, as special members before them, are not invited to send representatives to either ministerial meetings or CHOGMs.

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During the Second World War, the British Empire played a major role in supporting British finances. Foreign exchange reserves were pooled in London, to be used to fight the war. In effect the United Kingdom procured £2.3 billion, of which £1.3 billion was from

2435:'s recommendation. There are currently no members in arrears. The most recent member in arrears, Nauru, returned to full membership in June 2011. Nauru has alternated between special and full membership since joining the Commonwealth, depending on its financial situation. 1340:

on 1 July 1867 had been the birth of the "first independent country within the British Empire". She declared: "So, it also marks the beginning of that free association of independent states which is now known as the Commonwealth of Nations." As long ago as 18 January 1884

1965:, established in 1965, is the main intergovernmental agency of the Commonwealth, facilitating consultation and co-operation amongst member governments and countries. It is responsible to member governments collectively. The Commonwealth of Nations is represented in the 5715:

commissioned a poll of public opinion in seven of the member states: Australia, Canada, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, South Africa and the United Kingdom. It found that most people in these countries were largely ignorant of the Commonwealth's activities, aside from the

1630:, India agreed, when it became a republic in January 1950, it would remain in the Commonwealth and accept the British Sovereign as a "symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth". Upon hearing this, King 1618:; in doing so, it also formally left the Commonwealth. Whilst Ireland had not actively participated in the Commonwealth since the early 1930s, other dominions wished to become republics without losing Commonwealth ties. The issue came to a head in April 1949 at a 2555:

have made calls of a similar nature for a more integrated relationship with the Commonwealth, including more direct representation and enhanced participation in Commonwealth organisations and meetings, including Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings. The

5113:, and maintains individual graves at another 20,000 sites around the world. The vast majority of the latter are civilian cemeteries in the United Kingdom. In 1998, the CWGC made the records of its buried available online to facilitate easier searching. 4835:

argues that joining Europe "constituted the most decisive step yet in the progress of severance of familial ties between the United Kingdom and its former Empire... It reduced the remaining links to sentimental and cultural ones, and legal niceties."

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from other Commonwealth countries. In particular, British embassies and consulates may provide assistance to Commonwealth nationals in non-Commonwealth countries if their own country is not represented. Commonwealth citizens are eligible to apply for

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one-party rule, civilian or military dictatorships or destructive civil wars, and many still suffer from rampant corruption and poor governance despite the fact that the Commonwealth requires its members to be functioning democracies that respect

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would be a requirement for membership, leading directly to the withdrawal of South Africa's re-application (which they were required to make under the formula of the London Declaration upon becoming a republic). The 14 points of the 1971

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with their own monarchs. Whilst some countries retained the same monarch as the United Kingdom, their monarchies developed differently and soon became essentially independent of the British monarchy. The monarch is regarded as a separate

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group was empowered with enforcement: the group includes alleged human rights offenders. It was agreed to develop a charter of values for the Commonwealth without any decision on how compliance with its principles would be enforced.

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as the means of Commonwealth communication, and respect the wishes of the general population with regard to Commonwealth membership. These requirements had undergone review, and a report on potential amendments was presented by the

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of over $ 9 trillion, 78% of which is accounted for by the four largest economies: India ($ 3.737 trillion), United Kingdom ($ 3.124 trillion), Canada ($ 1.652 trillion), and Australia ($ 1.379 trillion).

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Commonwealth countries by population are Pakistan (227 million), Nigeria (213 million), Bangladesh (167 million), and the United Kingdom (68 million). Tuvalu is the smallest member, with about 12,000 people.

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Papua New Guinea to Australia, and Singapore to Malaysia). Mozambique, in 1995, was the first country to join without such a constitutional connection, leading to the Edinburgh Declaration and the current membership guidelines.

9018: 2582:(CMAG), which meets regularly to address potential breaches of the Harare Declaration. Suspended members are not represented at meetings of Commonwealth leaders and ministers, although they remain members of the organisation. 5728:

Also to mark the 60th anniversary (Diamond Jubilee) of the Commonwealth in 2009, the Commonwealth Secretariat commissioned Paul Carroll to compose "The Commonwealth Anthem". The lyrics of the Anthem are taken from the 1948

9830: 4976:. Regular liaison and co-operation between the Secretariat and the Foundation is in place. The Foundation continues to serve the broad purposes for which it was established as written in the Memorandum of Understanding. 2186:, "Commonwealth soldiers are, and always will be, an important and valued part of the fabric of the British Army." Thousands of potential Commonwealth recruits have been turned away due to a lack of eligible vacancies. 4921:

Commonwealth countries share many links outside government, with over a hundred non-governmental organisations, notably for sport, culture, education, law, and charity claiming to operate on a Commonwealth-wide basis.

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to retain membership when it became a republic in 1950, although Ireland did not rejoin. Now, the majority of the Commonwealth members, including all those from Africa, are republics or have their own native monarch.

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of 1.7 million service personnel who died in the First and Second World Wars fighting for Commonwealth member states. Founded in 1917 (as the Imperial War Graves Commission), the commission has constructed 2,500

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South Africa was effectively barred from continuing as a member after it became a republic in 1961, due to hostility from many members, particularly those in Africa and Asia as well as Canada, to its policy of racial

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In October 2010, a leaked memo from the Secretary General instructing staff not to speak out on human rights was published, leading to accusations that the Commonwealth was not being vocal enough on its core values.

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The close association amongst Commonwealth countries is reflected in the diplomatic protocols of the Commonwealth countries. For example, when engaging bilaterally with one another, Commonwealth governments exchange

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We may also help Commonwealth nationals in non-Commonwealth countries where they do not have any diplomatic or consular representation, but will normally ask their nearest embassy to provide any ongoing assistance

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Each headstone contains the national emblem or regimental badge, rank, name, unit, date of death and age of each casualty inscribed above an appropriate religious symbol and a more personal dedication chosen by

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The End of Empire: Dependencies since 1948: Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth: The West Indies, British Honduras, Hong Kong, Fiji, Cyprus, Gibraltar, and the

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The members of the Commonwealth shaded according to their political status. Commonwealth realms are shown in blue, whilst republics are shaded pink, and members with their own monarchies are displayed in

1826:. However, when the monarch dies, the successor to the crown does not automatically become the new head of the Commonwealth. Despite this, at their meeting in April 2018, Commonwealth leaders agreed that 5146:

to encourage the development and sharing of open learning/distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL is helping developing nations improve access to quality education and training.

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was signed by Queen Elizabeth II on 11 March 2013 at Marlborough House, which opposes "all forms of discrimination, whether rooted in gender, race, colour, creed, political belief or other grounds".

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The Maldives withdrew from the Commonwealth on 13 October 2016, citing Commonwealth's "punitive actions against the Maldives since 2012" after the allegedly forced resignation of Maldivian President

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The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948...repealed the external relations act, and provided for the declaration of a republic, which came into force on 18 Apr. 1949, when Ireland left the commonwealth.

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that year. The Commonwealth provided technical assistance and training for a peacekeeping force prior to election, with Commonwealth observers significantly present during the election itself.

1514: 12029: 16000: 15872: 12813: 12160: 10962: 5058:, but were deliberately designed to be "the Friendly Games", with the goal of promoting relations between Commonwealth countries and celebrating their shared sporting and cultural heritage. 15980: 15836: 9711: 6731: 15907: 15902: 15862: 8794: 2740:

left on 30 January 1972 in protest at the Commonwealth's recognition of breakaway Bangladesh, but rejoined on 2 August 1989. Zimbabwe's membership was suspended in 2002 on the grounds of

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was established for pilots from across the Empire and Dominions, created by the governments of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Troops from Australia, Britain, the

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in the 1960s, these constitutional principles were augmented by political, economic, and social principles. The first of these was set out in 1961, when it was decided that respect for

2058:. Citizenship laws have evolved independently in each Commonwealth country. For example, in Australia, for the purpose of considering certain constitutional and legal provisions in the 10470: 16015: 9963: 8930: 1580:. Early enthusiasm waned as British policies came under fire at Commonwealth meetings. Public opinion became troubled as immigration from non-white member states became large-scale. 15922: 9904: 12129: 8959: 8498: 2675:

Most recently, during 2013 and 2014, international pressure mounted to suspend Sri Lanka from the Commonwealth, citing grave human rights violations by the government of President

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and deliberate misgovernment, and Zimbabwe's government terminated its membership in 2003. The Gambia left the Commonwealth on 3 October 2013, and rejoined on 8 February 2018.

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As membership is purely voluntary, member governments can choose at any time to leave the Commonwealth. The first state to do so was Ireland in 1949 following its decision to

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and the current membership guidelines. In 2009, Rwanda became the second country to be admitted to the Commonwealth not to have any constitutional links to Britain. It was a

10859: 5720:, and indifferent toward its future. Support for the Commonwealth was twice as high in developing countries as in developed countries; it was lowest in the United Kingdom. 12532: 12398: 15882: 8884: 5231:

Many Commonwealth nations play similar sports that are considered quintessentially British in character, rooted in and developed under British rule or hegemony, including

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for no more than two four-year terms. The secretary-general and two deputy secretaries-general direct the divisions of the Secretariat. The present secretary-general is

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in exceptional circumstances to resident Commonwealth citizens who are unable to obtain valid travel documents from their countries of origin and must travel urgently.

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However, the British treasury was so weak that it could not operate independently of the United States. Furthermore, the loss of defence and financial roles undermined

13730: 5671: 2444: 10363: 6080: 10842: 10385: 10290: 6518: 12643: 10477: 10448: 10321: 10264: 12415: 9733: 2196:, though it is not a Commonwealth country, have historically fought alongside British and Commonwealth troops. They continue to be recruited by the British Army ( 9799: 8688: 8622: 8600:, although these claims are not widely recognised. The claims, which each include permanent research stations and together cover most of the continent, are the 107: 2758:

Although heads of government have the power to suspend member states from active participation, the Commonwealth has no provision for the expulsion of members.

1539:(now part of Yemen) are the only states that were British colonies at the time of the war not to have joined the Commonwealth upon independence. Former British 125: 13776: 9860: 9177: 9125: 5919: 5529:, a major novelist in this period, whose first work was published in 1939, won in 1973. Other noteworthy Australian writers at the end of this period are poet 2463: 1372:

in 1917 when he coined the term "the British Commonwealth of Nations" and envisioned the "future constitutional relations and readjustments in essence" at the

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https://www.commonwealthroundtable.co.uk/general/eye-on-the-commonwealth/why-was-a-country-as-corrupt-as-ali-bongos-gabon-ever-admitted-to-the-commonwealth/#

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In addition to this new rule, the former rules were consolidated into a single document. These requirements are that members must accept and comply with the

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The newly independent countries of Africa and Asia concentrated on their own internal political and economic development, and sometimes their role in the

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In 2009, Rwanda, formerly under Belgian and German rule, joined. Consideration for Rwanda's admission was considered an "exceptional circumstance" by the

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The London Declaration is often seen as marking the beginning of the modern Commonwealth. Following India's precedent, other nations became republics, or

16064: 13642: 12365:(University of Minnesota Press, 1977); Comprehensive coverage giving London's perspective on political and constitutional relations with each possession. 8008: 6169: 1715: 10896: 10639: 1439:

Although the Union of South Africa was not amongst the Dominions that needed to adopt the Statute of Westminster for it to take effect, two laws — the

10985:"Assessing the Costs and Benefits of a Closer EU – Canada Economic Partnership: A Joint Study by the European Commission and the Government of Canada" 9578: 7475: 6048: 14944: 12916: 12152: 4893: 2428: 10954: 7445: 16099: 13043: 11638: 5797: 5558: 5447:, now Zimbabwe, was a dominant presence in the English literary scene, frequently publishing from 1950 on throughout the 20th century. She won the 2933: 2787: 1619: 15538:

Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the

10984: 9703: 8304: 6721: 5963: 2328:, the Inter-Governmental Group ruled that any future members would "as a rule" have to have a direct constitutional link with an existing member. 1520:

After the Second World War ended, the British Empire was gradually dismantled. Most of its components have become independent countries, whether

13038: 9604: 6011: 5985: 5691:

consists of the symbol of the Commonwealth Secretariat, a gold globe surrounded by emanating rays, on a dark blue field; it was designed for the

2560:

has said: "A closer connection with the Commonwealth itself would be a welcome further development of the Island's international relationships".

1889: 1799: 8802: 8371: 6924: 15965: 15760: 13635: 13025: 12672: 11911: 8988: 7947: 5802: 2427:

The status of "member in arrears" is used to denote those that are in arrears in paying subscription dues. The status was originally known as "

1985: 1638:: "So, I've become 'as such'". Some other Commonwealth countries that have since become republics have chosen to leave, whilst others, such as 8658: 4998:

are the third-largest multi-sport event in the world, bringing together globally popular sports and peculiarly "Commonwealth" sports, such as

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if they become fully independent. Many such jurisdictions are already directly represented within the Commonwealth, particularly through the

2357: 2353: 1909: 1765: 11542: 9955: 9929: 8919: 15531: 15514: 15392: 13584: 13579: 13085: 12903: 12863: 12636: 12005: 7298: 2955: 2755:

as president in November 2018, the Maldives announced its intention to reapply to join the Commonwealth. They rejoined on 1 February 2020.

2387: 1146: 189: 12121: 7067: 2619:. The Commonwealth's longest suspension came to an end on 22 May 2004, when Pakistan's suspension was lifted following the restoration of 1714:. When that proposal was turned down, Mollet suggested that France join the Commonwealth, possibly with "a common citizenship arrangement 14983: 12921: 12911: 9900: 8540: 8508: 7803: 6891: 2569: 2247: 1893: 1298: 1150: 12064: 10863: 10800: 10731: 9886: 8955: 7354: 7183: 5733:. The Commonwealth has published the Anthem, performed by the Commonwealth Youth Orchestra, with and without an introductory narrative. 1376:, attended by delegates from the Dominions as well as the United Kingdom. The term first received imperial statutory recognition in the 16079: 15952: 15755: 14673: 14667: 13769: 13076: 13010: 11076: 11024: 10058: 9681: 8076: 6202: 5782: 5552: 5074:

were boycotted by most African, Asian, and Caribbean countries for the failure of other countries to enforce the Gleneagles Agreement.

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At a time when Germany and France, together with Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, were planning what later became the

16094: 15887: 15612: 14729: 10576: 10080: 1970: 10609: 8475: 16069: 16005: 15790: 12931: 12779: 12746: 12738: 12591: 11836: 11596:"Acting global, thinking local: 'Liquid imperialism' and the multiple meanings of the 1954 British Empire & Commonwealth Games" 11141: 10769:'Layin' Low and Sayin' Nuffin': Australia's Policy towards Britain's Second Bid to Join the European Economic Community (1966–67)" 9541: 8012: 6976: 6954: 4927: 2815: 2532: 1885: 1881: 1875: 1839: 1609: 1433: 1429: 1342: 1216: 9199: 16084: 15985: 15652: 13718: 13676: 12677: 12629: 12529: 12395: 11116: 10499: 8401: 7979: 7544: 5611: 4831:

was finally achieved in 1973. Queen Elizabeth was one of the few remaining links between the UK and the Commonwealth. Historian

2317: 2125: 2113: 10543: 8159: 5695:

in 1973, and officially adopted on 26 March 1976. 1976 also saw the organisation agree to a common date on which to commemorate

2786:. The South African government withdrew its application to remain in the organisation as a republic when it became clear at the 2523:

has become part of China, it continues to participate in some of the institutions within the Commonwealth Family, including the

14577: 12962: 12952: 12808: 12799: 11944: 11662: 11567:

Perkin, Harold (September 1989). "Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British Empire and Commonwealth".

9032:

Baldacchino, Godfrey; Milne, David (September 2006). "Exploring sub-national island jurisdictions: An editorial introduction".

8116: 7052: 6454: 6114: 5647: 5568:. Amongst literature written about the Commonwealth itself is Indian diplomat and former Commonwealth Deputy Secretary-General 5546: 5320: 5096:

commemorates 1.7 million Commonwealth war dead and maintains 2,500 war cemeteries around the world, including this one in

4935: 2811: 2798: 2528: 2316:

in South Africa. The mechanisms by which these principles would be applied were created, and the manner clarified, by the 1995

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On 17 December 2021, following the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, Australia and the United Kingdom signed the

15846: 14938: 13762: 12878: 12818: 12761: 12718: 12556: 12511: 12490: 12454: 12439: 12383:

McIntyre, W. David. "The Unofficial Commonwealth Relations Conferences, 1933–59: Precursors of the Tri-sector Commonwealth."

12377: 12058: 11951: 11365: 10930: 10794: 10725: 10698: 10052: 8565: 8045: 7832: 7248: 7139: 7024: 6885: 6845: 6646: 6549: 6429: 6403: 6331: 5808: 5730: 5598:, India. The Commonwealth Charter states the Commonwealth's commitment to democracy, and many Commonwealth countries use the 5227:. Commonwealth membership has been credited with popularising the game in the country, which was never in the British Empire. 2696: 2579: 2321: 2252:

The criteria for membership of the Commonwealth of Nations have developed over time from a series of separate documents. The

2171: 1576:

first hoped that the Commonwealth would preserve and project British influence, they gradually lost their enthusiasm, argues

1502: 1318: 12190: 7388: 2874:

The Commonwealth's current highest-priority aims are on the promotion of democracy and development, as outlined in the 2003

2308:

was issued, dedicating the leaders to applying the Singapore principles to the completion of decolonisation, the end of the

1226:

Member states have no legal obligations to one another, though some have institutional links to other Commonwealth nations.

16089: 16010: 15995: 15634: 15605: 15276: 14886: 14112: 12828: 10355: 9768: 6391: 2635:

government, before it withdrew from the organisation in 2003. On 15 May 2018, Zimbabwe applied to rejoin the Commonwealth.

2432: 2372: 2349: 1276: 17: 7014: 6484: 6084: 2045:

Some member states grant particular rights to Commonwealth citizens. The United Kingdom and several others, mostly in the

15975: 15841: 15783: 15216: 13998: 13883: 12967: 12848: 10835: 6588: 5651: 5193: 5155: 2899: 2791: 2774: 1425: 1281: 74: 11054: 10256: 15970: 15917: 15672: 14934: 12804: 12412: 9791: 9737: 7215: 5093: 5083: 4882: 2895: 2819: 2542:

All three of the Crown dependencies regard their existing situation as unsatisfactory and have lobbied for change. The

2536: 2485: 82: 31: 9093: 8702: 8636: 7102: 15960: 15937: 15096: 14289: 13459: 12873: 11704: 8772: 7777: 7742: 2790:

that any such application would be rejected. South Africa was re-admitted to the Commonwealth in 1994, following its

2624: 2557: 1838:. The position is symbolic, representing the free association of independent members, the majority of which (36) are 9852: 9072: 6396:

Peace by ordeal: an account, from first-hand sources of the negotiation and signature of the Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921

5930: 5854: 16059: 14969: 14956: 13302: 12936: 12853: 12843: 11415: 7574: 5615: 5170: 5143: 4965: 4157: 2807: 2722: 2623:. Pakistan was suspended for a second time, far more briefly, for six months from 22 November 2007, when Musharraf 2524: 2508: 2256:, as a fundamental founding document of the organisation, laid out that membership required dominionhood. The 1949 2093: 2040: 2021: 1981: 1235: 724: 10471:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 5897: 2612: 15932: 15892: 15185: 14916: 13754: 12212: 12097: 11970:"Whose Commonwealth? Responses to Krishnan Srinivasan's The Rise, Decline and Future of the British Commonwealth" 10120: 9173: 9121: 8768: 7975: 6140: 5591: 2504: 2261: 2085: 1966: 1776:

and access new educational and cultural resources. He also remarked that the country sought closer ties with the

1357:, as a "Commonwealth of Nations". Conferences of British and colonial prime ministers occurred periodically from 68: 6568: 5251:. These ties are particularly strong between the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa across 15687: 15664: 15644: 15479: 15007: 14621: 14515: 14332: 14016: 13529: 13438: 13069: 12977: 12708: 11873: 11492: 10016: 9147: 8601: 5926: 5354: 5346: 5338: 4896:, which on ratification eliminated tariffs and increased opportunities for movement between the two countries. 2578:, particularly in abrogating their responsibility to have democratic government. Suspensions are agreed by the 2574:

Members can be suspended "from the Councils of the Commonwealth" for "serious or persistent violations" of the

1977: 1892:

and presidents, assemble for several days to discuss matters of mutual interest. CHOGM is the successor to the

1486: 1480: 982: 12474:

Perkin, Harold. "Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British empire and Commonwealth".

11802: 8181: 6163: 2643: 1711: 1447:

to confirm South Africa's status as a sovereign state, and to incorporate the Statute of Westminster into the

15289: 15053: 14804: 14245:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003. 14142: 14074: 12982: 12784: 11437: 10885: 10631: 10233: 2552: 1658: 1440: 1180:

of the British Empire through increased self-governance of its territories. It was originally created as the

42: 10123:. USM Regional Center of Expertise in Education for Sustainable Development. 21 October 1989. Archived from 5587: 4961:

equality, poverty eradication, people-centred and sustainable development, and to promote arts and culture.

2656: 2652: 15677: 15089: 14539: 14463: 14439: 14433: 13790: 12823: 12751: 12728: 12294:

Ashton, Sarah R. "British government perspectives on the Commonwealth, 1964–71: An asset or a liability?".

9582: 6374: 6041: 5387: 2860: 2851:; the pursuit of equality and opposition to racism; the fight against poverty, ignorance, and disease; and 2669: 2496: 1905: 1615: 1525: 999: 134: 12462:

Monarchy and the End of Empire: The House of Windsor, the British Government, and the Postwar Commonwealth

11763: 11467: 7604: 7483: 5606: 5490:

Many other Commonwealth writers have achieved an international reputation for works in English, including

2596:(pictured), subsequently withdrawing. The country applied to rejoin following Mugabe's removal from power. 2356:. New members were not admitted at this meeting, though applications for admission were considered at the 2224:. Most members of Brunei's Gurkha Reserve Unit are veterans from the British Army and Singaporean police. 15682: 15506: 15172: 14022: 13742: 13682: 13670: 13523: 13432: 12431: 8828: 8698: 8632: 8605: 7453: 5989: 4820: 2921: 2725:, although it had not participated in the Commonwealth since 1932. At the time, all members accepted the 2253: 2050: 1416: 1401: 1302: 1239: 1193: 1185: 1044: 1029: 11628: 11385: 10752:

Gregory A. Johnson, "The Last Gasp of Empire: The 1964 Flag Debate Revisited", in Phillip Buckner, ed.,

2729:

as head of state as a condition of membership. This rule was changed after Ireland's departure to allow

15692: 15628: 15244: 15021: 14995: 14892: 14661: 12883: 10995: 9930:"The Maldives decides to leave the Commonwealth; commits to continue with its international engagement" 8312: 8257: 6706:

Krishnan Srinivasan, "Nobody's Commonwealth? The Commonwealth in Britain's post-imperial adjustment."

6301: 6203:"History – Though the modern Commonwealth is just 60 years old, the idea took root in the 19th century" 5955: 5712: 5334: 5284: 4909: 4870: 2260:

ended this, allowing republican and indigenous monarchic members on the condition that they recognised

2081: 1444: 1142: 9608: 6019: 2108: 1772:

said that he expected Commonwealth membership to provide opportunities for Togolese citizens to learn

16034: 15697: 15535:; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 15178: 15134: 14856: 14567: 14242: 14212: 13970: 13062: 12992: 12833: 9883:"Commonwealth website confirms Zimbabwe "terminated" its membership with effect from 7 December 2003" 9630: 9464: 9384: 9344: 9304: 9272: 8379: 7643: 7079: 6916: 6514: 6381:'s "adherence to and membership of the group of nations forming the British Commonwealth of Nations". 5812: 5564: 5514: 5448: 5405: 5276: 2209: 1671: 1544: 1170: 11720:

Hill, Douglas (1 October 1988). "A report on stories from the outposts of Commonwealth literature".

8984: 1532:, the word "British" was dropped from the title of the Commonwealth to reflect its changing nature. 16030: 15727: 15359: 15067: 15014: 14922: 14880: 14844: 14798: 14413: 14062: 14004: 13589: 13097: 12858: 12838: 12703: 12693: 12330: 10229: 10196: 10163: 10091: 8798: 8666: 8662: 8471: 8405: 8375: 8308: 7927: 7479: 7449: 6015: 5688: 5435: 5379: 5137: 4931: 2844: 2741: 2627:. Zimbabwe was suspended in 2002 over concerns regarding the electoral and land reform policies of 2620: 2368: 2265: 2205: 1962: 1954: 1941: 1823: 1807: 1794: 1420: 1419:

in 1931, which applied to Canada without the need for ratification, but Australia, New Zealand and

1405: 1358: 1204: 1189: 1162: 966: 13614: 12469: 5070:

through discouraging sporting contact with South Africa (which was not then a member), whilst the

15576: 15408: 15283: 15251: 15232: 14898: 14850: 14792: 14501: 14445: 13449: 12789: 12276: 12252: 11285: 11244: 11207: 11167: 9933: 9635: 9506: 9469: 9426: 9389: 9349: 9309: 9277: 9235: 9034: 8729: 8336: 7644:"Muddy waters: citizenship and the right to vote in the Commonwealth Caribbean migratory context" 6238: 5312: 5300: 5071: 5035: 5027: 5019: 5003: 4957: 4951: 4864: 2059: 1726:

The first member to be admitted without having any constitutional link to the British Empire was

1567:), Kuwait (1961), Bahrain (1971), Oman (1971), Qatar (1971) and the United Arab Emirates (1971). 1337: 1219:, and five others have different monarchs. Although he became head upon the death of his mother, 1166: 11903: 8133: 7711:

Directorate General of Immigration & Passports, Ministry of Interior, Government of Pakistan

7288: 7167:

Martin Schaad, "Plan G – A "Counterblast"? British Policy Towards the Messina Countries, 1956",

6190: 15047: 15028: 14904: 14868: 14640: 14628: 14527: 14407: 14395: 14283: 14238: 14226: 13857: 13627: 13534: 13015: 12888: 12868: 11969: 10660:

Catherine R. Schenk, "Britain in the world economy." in Paul Addison and Harriet Jones, eds.,

8535: 7269: 7154:

James R. V. Ellison, "Perfidious Albion? Britain, Plan G and European Integration, 1955–1956",

6287: 6210: 6042:"Imperial Conference 1926 Inter-Imperial Relations Committee Report, Proceedings and Memoranda" 5872:

international society to the benefit of all through the pursuit of common principles and values

5792: 5777: 5534: 5463: 5392: 5216: 5023: 2663:, confirmed that full suspension meant that Fiji would be excluded from Commonwealth meetings, 2450: 2232: 2221: 1777: 1368:

The Commonwealth developed from the imperial conferences. A specific proposal was presented by

1200:

in 1949, which modernised the community and established the member states as "free and equal".

12335: 12100:

An Uncommon Association, a Wealth of Potential: Final Report of the Commonwealth Conversation

11077:"Australia signs UK free trade deal, scrapping import tariffs and opening British jobs market" 8530: 8231: 7238: 6873: 6419: 1702:

in 1956, and in the face of colonial unrest and international tensions, French prime minister

1547:

that did not become members of the Commonwealth are Egypt (independent in 1922), Iraq (1932),

1528:

which retain some political association with the United Kingdom. In April 1949, following the

15586: 15192: 14347: 14124: 14106: 13915: 13846: 13724: 13694: 13554: 13507: 13292: 13005: 12048: 10784: 10715: 10145:

Patel, Hasu (2000), "Southern Africa and democracy, in the light of the Harare declaration."

9704:"Foreign & Commonwealth Office Minister welcomes Commonwealth statement on Fiji – GOV.UK" 7129: 5764: 4091: 2836: 2752: 2325: 2278: 1835: 1735: 1731: 1310: 694: 176: 12526:

The Historiography of the British Empire-Commonwealth: Trends, Interpretations and Resources

10042: 9673: 8068: 5412:, began publishing in England in the 1930s, thanks to the encouragement of English novelist 15707: 15497: 15315: 15228: 15162: 15140: 15041: 15001: 14910: 14874: 14812: 14737: 14425: 14160: 14154: 14148: 13706: 13474: 13000: 12987: 11968:

Mcintyre, W. David; Mole, Stuart; Ashworth, Lucian M.; Shaw, Timothy M.; May, Alex (2007).

11933: 11737:

McCrum, Robert (13 October 2003). "English Is a World Language – and That's to Be Prized".

9231:"A Place to Stand: the Problems and Potential of the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group" 7923: 5675: 5643: 5417: 5236: 5125: 5063: 5039: 2864: 2700: 2409: 2179: 2141: 2036: 1227: 10565: 10167: 8764: 7830:

Clute, Robert E.; Wilson, Robert R. (July 1958). "Commonwealth and Favored-Nation Usage".

7681: 2016: 8: 14976: 14779: 14686: 14634: 14521: 14509: 14489: 14477: 14389: 14180: 14092: 13415: 13357: 13107: 13054: 12771: 11668: 8925: 6984: 5786: 5569: 5491: 5483: 5400: 5395: 4916: 4852: 4520: 3002: 2803: 2516: 2512: 2392: 2213: 2076: 1917: 1897: 1627: 1577: 1552: 1524:

or republics, and members of the Commonwealth. There remain the 14 mainly self-governing

1448: 1362: 877: 206: 11828: 11145: 10601: 8004: 6988: 6946: 5805:, an association of countries where the French language and French culture are prominent 4869:

Although the Commonwealth does not have a multilateral trade agreement, research by the

1289:, with "British Empire" crossed out and "British Commonwealth of Nations" added by hand. 16026: 15222: 15204: 15144: 15035: 14761: 14723: 14699: 14680: 14571: 14118: 14044: 14010: 13909: 13889: 13815: 13712: 13700: 13688: 12957: 12926: 12794: 12424: 11997: 11722: 11261: 11224: 11184: 11081: 10892: 10417: 9652: 9523: 9486: 9443: 9406: 9366: 9326: 9254: 9207: 9051: 8746: 8693: 8627: 8353: 8283: 8278: 8261: 7902: 7894: 7857: 7849: 7293: 6880:. Vol. VII: Ireland, 1921–84. Oxford University Press. p. 277 (footnote 20). 6818: 6806: 6782: 6265: 5717: 5639: 5599: 5469: 5458: 5316: 5291:

The Commonwealth Games, a quadrennial multi-sports event held in the middle year of an

5272: 5142:

The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by the

5121: 4995: 4985: 4904: 4844: 2868: 2856: 2848: 2664: 2575: 2548: 2500: 2470: 2332: 2305: 2257: 2197: 2148: 1815: 1743: 1623: 1596: 1572: 1560: 1556: 1529: 1521: 1377: 1329: 1286: 1255: 1212: 1197: 1061: 139: 35: 11517: 11108: 10510: 7536: 5169:

and good local governance and is the associated organisation officially recognised by

5088: 5054:. Started in 1930 as the Empire Games, the games were founded on the Olympic model of 15597: 15582: 15168: 14786: 14751: 14483: 14371: 14319: 14313: 14297: 14136: 14130: 14080: 14050: 13980: 13454: 12723: 12712: 12507: 12486: 12450: 12435: 12373: 12054: 12001: 11989: 11787: 11739: 11700: 11361: 11265: 11228: 11188: 10936: 10926: 10790: 10721: 10694: 10535: 10048: 9823:"Harper rebukes Sri Lanka over jurist's dismissal as talk of summit boycott heats up" 9656: 9527: 9490: 9447: 9410: 9370: 9330: 9258: 9055: 8750: 8724: 8409: 8357: 8209: 8041: 7906: 7861: 7783: 7773: 7748: 7738: 7663: 7244: 7240:

British Government Policy and Decolonisation, 1945–63: Scrutinising the Official Mind

7135: 7020: 6881: 6851: 6841: 6822: 6810: 6774: 6545: 6425: 6399: 6305: 6269: 6257: 5530: 5444: 5425: 5015: 4990: 4973: 4969: 4824: 2676: 2611:. Pakistan was the second country to be suspended, on 18 October 1999, following the 2397: 2217: 2167: 1950: 1676: 1468: 1314: 989: 151: 15775: 12349:

Diplomacy with a difference: the Commonwealth Office of High Commissioner, 1880–2006

12027:

Why was a country as corrupt as Ali Bongo’s Gabon ever admitted to the Commonwealth?

8113: 8037:

Diplomacy with a Difference: The Commonwealth Office of High Commissioner, 1880-2006

6446: 6106: 15722: 15539: 15472: 15464: 15456: 15384: 15295: 15263: 15150: 14950: 14862: 14647: 14173: 14166: 14068: 13953: 13898: 13605: 13574: 13544: 13444: 13392: 13282: 12972: 12465: 11981: 11607: 11576: 11294: 11253: 11216: 11176: 11165:(February 2008). "A Commonwealth of Values: a Commonwealth of incomparable value". 10386:"Queen to sign new charter backing equal rights for gay people across Commonwealth" 9644: 9515: 9478: 9435: 9398: 9358: 9318: 9286: 9244: 9043: 8738: 8727:(April 2008). "The Expansion of the Commonwealth and the Criteria for Membership". 8442: 8345: 8273: 7886: 7841: 7812: 7655: 6869: 6802: 6766: 6378: 6313: 6247: 5750: 5696: 5659: 5538: 5501:. Soyinka won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986, as did South African novelist 5197: 5162: 5038:

are currently without a host. As well as the usual athletic disciplines, as at the

4025: 2726: 2616: 2603:

was suspended between 11 November 1995 and 29 May 1999, following its execution of

2543: 2344: 1997: 1773: 1654: 1389: 666: 13784: 11948: 7706: 7659: 7355:"Gabon partially suspended from the Commonwealth pending restoration of democracy" 6289:

The Colonial and Imperial Conferences, 1887-1911: A Study in Imperial Organization

5699:, the second Monday in March, having developed separately on different dates from 2378:

In 2022, the former French territories of Togo and Gabon joined the Commonwealth.

1614:

On 18 April 1949, Ireland formally became a republic in accordance with the Irish

1459: 15492: 15269: 15198: 14989: 14928: 14767: 14451: 14353: 14056: 13736: 13483: 13327: 12621: 12598: 12581: 12563: 12536: 12419: 12402: 12182: 12108: 12036: 11955: 11940: 10688: 8609: 8210:"Agnipath scheme: The pain of Nepal's Gurkhas over Indian army's new hiring plan" 8120: 8035: 7801:

Dale, William (July 1982). "Is the Commonwealth an International Organisation?".

7380: 7010: 6755:

The Ambiguous Champion: Canada and South Africa in the Trudeau and Mulroney Years

6726: 6572: 5655: 5502: 5382: 5372: 5201: 5186: 5104:

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) is responsible for maintaining the

4881:, some in the United Kingdom suggested the Commonwealth as an alternative to its 4322: 2910: 2906: 2855:. To these were added opposition to discrimination on the basis of gender by the 2748: 2660: 2484:

unilaterally withdrew the Gambia from the Commonwealth in October 2013. However,

2336: 2273: 2055: 1989: 1564: 1350: 1293: 1161:

and historical-cultural ties. The chief institutions of the organisation are the

793: 97: 12050:

The Statesman's Yearbook 2017: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World

11220: 10955:"To the Commonwealth, "Global Britain" sounds like nostalgia for something else" 9760: 9519: 9402: 9249: 9230: 6252: 6233: 2159: 1587:

gained usage in the UK (especially in the 1960s and 1970s) to refer to recently

15717: 15377: 15365: 15210: 14826: 14755: 14744: 14533: 14495: 14401: 14365: 14359: 14325: 13863: 13786: 13539: 13464: 13372: 12667: 8097: 7877: 7441: 6476: 5711:

In 2009, to mark the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Commonwealth, the

5650:

facilitates co-operation between legislatures across the Commonwealth, and the

5454: 5361: 5240: 4886: 4848: 4619: 2687:

threatened to boycott the event, but was instead represented at the meeting by

2684: 2294: 2269: 1827: 1688: 1536: 1272: 1231: 1177: 1169:, which focuses on non-governmental relations between member nations. Numerous 1154: 918: 12266: 12242: 11985: 11612: 11595: 11580: 11299: 11280: 11257: 11180: 9648: 9482: 9439: 9322: 9047: 8742: 8596:

Three Commonwealth countries also have long-standing claims to sovereignty in

8349: 7816: 16053: 15418: 15238: 14419: 14303: 12893: 11993: 11046: 10940: 10356:"Commonwealth leaders under fire for refusing to publish human rights report" 7787: 7752: 7667: 6814: 6778: 6613: 6424:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. 1991. pp. 297–298. 6261: 5526: 5518: 5506: 5494: 5474: 5457:

is another post-Second World War writer from the former British colonies who

5440: 5413: 5409: 5292: 5042:, the games include sports particularly popular in the Commonwealth, such as 2902: 2692: 2688: 2628: 2604: 2593: 2129: 2117: 2001: 1769: 1739: 1635: 1443:, and the Royal Executive Functions and Seals Act, 1934 — were passed by the 1196:

in 1931. The current Commonwealth of Nations was formally constituted by the

9290: 7207: 6855: 5360:

There had been a few important works in English prior to 1950 from the then

5329: 2814:(and the Westminster Seminar on Parliamentary Practice and Procedures), the 15448: 15156: 14717: 14711: 14692: 14457: 14192: 14099: 14038: 14032: 13400: 13332: 13317: 11319: 11162: 9104: 8956:"Statement by Commonwealth Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma on The Gambia" 8566:"Rwanda's application for membership, Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative" 8262:"The London Declaration of the Commonwealth Prime Ministers, 28 April 1949" 7106: 6317: 5628: 5510: 5498: 5350: 5268: 5264: 5244: 5117: 5110: 5051: 4999: 4819:

By 1961, with a sluggish economy, the United Kingdom attempted to join the

4355: 4256: 2770: 2647: 2489: 2481: 2404: 2290: 2183: 2133: 2005: 1993: 1831: 1803: 1707: 1692: 1592: 1540: 1490: 1464: 1409: 1247: 1220: 1176:

The Commonwealth dates back to the first half of the 20th century with the

808: 765: 12392:

The Dependent Empire, 1900–1948: Colonies, Protectorates, and the Mandates

12334: 11339:

Binyon, Michael (22 January 1999). "Millions trace war dead on Internet".

5212: 1730:

in 1995 following its first democratic elections. Mozambique was a former

15565: 15061: 14962: 14773: 14377: 14277: 13992: 13986: 13559: 13297: 13267: 13117: 12755: 12697: 11281:"The significance of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy" 10291:"Commonwealth leaders agree to develop charter of values and little else" 9076: 6283: 5858: 5772: 5667: 5632: 5525:

in the Caribbean, was another Nobel Prize winner in 1992. An Australian,

5522: 5252: 4832: 4808: 4124: 3926: 3068: 2840: 2761: 2340: 2282: 2201: 2164: 1913: 1843: 1819: 1747: 1699: 1588: 1498: 1472: 1322: 1251: 1208: 1006: 972: 709: 625: 234: 9932:. Maldivian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 13 October 2016. Archived from 9073:"Office of Parliamentary Counsel – CALC – Constitution & Membership" 8429: 8427: 6786: 6566:"History of the Creation of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan." 2818:

and the Commonwealth Association of Legislative Counsel, as well as the

2585: 2144:(though New Zealand itself does not make appeals to the Privy Council). 14838: 14819: 14562: 14341: 13960: 13877: 13569: 13312: 13252: 13182: 13122: 11334: 11332: 11330: 11200: 11198: 10605: 10572: 10539: 10506: 9307:(October 2007). "Twenty Commonwealth steps from Singapore to Kampala". 8597: 8503: 8334:

Williams, Paul D. (July 2005). "Blair's Britain and the Commonwealth".

8287: 7898: 7853: 6309: 5889: 5700: 5663: 5619: 5430: 5423:'s writing career began as early as 1928, though her most famous work, 5055: 5031: 4939: 4223: 3827: 3101: 2852: 2464:

Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations § Prospective members

2304:

These criteria were unenforceable for two decades, until, in 1991, the

2298: 2097: 2072:, the nationals of other Commonwealth realms were held to be "aliens". 2064: 2025: 1727: 1703: 1657:

declared on 16 May 1949, shortly following the Declaration, during the

1515:

List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom

1467:, depicting soldiers from Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the 1333: 751: 585: 403: 247: 12616: 12571:

The Dependent Empire: 1900–1948: Colonies, Protectorates, and Mandates

11756:"ACLALS: Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies" 10124: 9362: 6540:

Dugard, John; Bethlehem, Daniel; Plessis, Max du; Katz, Anton (2005).

6136: 15484: 14337: 14086: 13870: 13549: 13499: 13424: 13337: 13322: 13247: 13112: 12483:

Commonwealth: Inter- and Non-State Contributions to Global Governance

11633: 11341: 10860:"Commonwealth Secretariat – Valletta Statement on Multilateral Trade" 8424: 6770: 6565: 5744: 5595: 5420: 5173:

as the representative body for local government in the Commonwealth.

5166: 5105: 5097: 5067: 5007: 4388: 4289: 3794: 3035: 2783: 2766: 2717:

Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations § Dissolved members

2520: 2313: 2068:, the United Kingdom was held to be a "foreign power". Similarly, in 2046: 2029: 1679:

in each realm, even though the same person is monarch of each realm.

1643: 1631: 1369: 1353:, had described the changing British Empire, as some of its colonies 1306: 1243: 823: 779: 572: 221: 11327: 11195: 7890: 7845: 7566: 7045:

Documents on Canadian External Relations > Royal Style and Titles

6838:

Europe since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction

5367: 4934:

allowing students to study in other Commonwealth countries, and the

2151:, with the Court relying on judges from other Commonwealth nations. 1946: 1493:, with soldiers from different nations often fighting together. The 15702: 15412: 15327: 14606: 14558: 14307: 14234: 14220: 14216: 14186: 13974: 13619: 13512: 13342: 13277: 13237: 13232: 13217: 13167: 13162: 13147: 13137: 13127: 12315:

Hall, H. Duncan. "The genesis of the Balfour declaration of 1926".

11629:"Schoolboy cricketers bat their way to a place in the Commonwealth" 11312: 11310: 7325:"Togo and Gabon to become newest members of Commonwealth this week" 7038: 6234:"Seminars for statesmen': the evolution of the Commonwealth summit" 5517:, who has written novels, plays and short stories in English. Poet 5478: 4840: 4454: 4421: 3992: 3728: 3695: 3596: 3365: 3266: 3200: 3134: 2875: 2810:(hosted the Commonwealth Lawyers Conference in 1983 and 2009), the 2737: 2589: 2309: 1928: 1880:

The main decision-making forum of the organisation is the biennial

1859: 1851: 1647: 1346: 837: 652: 546: 533: 494: 364: 351: 312: 286: 260: 12086:

Flags of All Nations: Flags of the British Commonwealth of Nations

11445: 11317:

Dare, Annie (15 October 2000). "Ten Key Things About War Graves".

10257:"Commonwealth has abandoned human rights commitment – leaked memo" 10225: 10044:

The National and Provincial Elections in South Africa, 2 June 1999

8523: 7946:. Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 2013. p. 5. Archived from 7767: 7732: 5404:, in 1911. The first major novelist, writing in English, from the 2713:

Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations § Former members

2683:

from Sri Lanka to another member country. Canadian prime minister

2495:

Other eligible applicants could be any of the remaining inhabited

2011: 1555:(part of which became the State of Israel in 1948), Sudan (1956), 15321: 14654: 14614: 14207: 13964: 13923: 13517: 13489: 13377: 13272: 13257: 13222: 13207: 13192: 12271: 12247: 10444: 7412:"Togo sees Commonwealth entry as pivot to English-speaking world" 6297: 5260: 5256: 5248: 5232: 5047: 4652: 3959: 3860: 3629: 3530: 3431: 2600: 2286: 1855: 1388:

in the wording of the oath taken by members of parliament of the

932: 639: 598: 507: 468: 429: 27:

Political association of mostly former British Empire territories

13657: 11307: 11242:

McDougall, Derek (July 2005). "Australia and the Commonwealth".

8436:"The future of the modern Commonwealth: Widening vs. deepening?" 2473:; and that it should accept Commonwealth norms and conventions. 15331: 14706: 14471: 14249: 13851: 13564: 13382: 13367: 13362: 13287: 13227: 13197: 13157: 13152: 13142: 13132: 12611: 11755: 11408:"Commonwealth Local Government Forum (CLGF) | The Commonwealth" 10322:"Commonwealth leaders still haggling over human rights reforms" 8160:"Applications to armed forces from Commonwealth citizens surge" 7596: 6793:

Miles, Robert (2016). "The Racialization of British Politics".

6332:"Commonwealth Heads Of Government Meeting 2018 - Civil Service" 6293: 5224: 5220: 4878: 4685: 4586: 4553: 4058: 3662: 3464: 3332: 3299: 3233: 3167: 2413: 2189: 1924: 1847: 1639: 1548: 1234:, and Commonwealth countries are represented to one another by 1230:

affords benefits in some member countries, particularly in the

1123: 945: 904: 891: 680: 520: 442: 338: 325: 299: 273: 155: 11047:"Australia trade deal will not hit UK farmers, says Liz Truss" 9094:"Legislative drafting offices in which there are CALC members" 6722:"Blair calls for quotas on immigrants from 'New Commonwealth'" 2835:

The Commonwealth's objectives were first outlined in the 1971

2751:

amongst the reasons for withdrawal. Following the election of

2535:, the Commonwealth Association of Legislative Counsel and the 14832: 14554: 14026: 13352: 13307: 13262: 13242: 13212: 13202: 13187: 13177: 11381: 10823:

A Nation for a Continent: the history of Australia, 1901–1975

9607:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 30 September 1997. Archived from 8299: 8297: 7131:

Britain and European Integration Since 1945: On the Sidelines

6980: 6840:. Vol. 1. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 45. 5544:

Numerous academic journals cover the Commonwealth, including

5505:

in 1995. Other South African writers in English are novelist

5043: 4487: 4190: 3893: 3761: 3563: 3497: 3398: 2730: 2592:

was suspended from the Commonwealth during the presidency of

2193: 1988:, from Dominica, who took office on 1 April 2016, succeeding 1863: 1758: 863: 738: 611: 559: 481: 455: 416: 390: 116: 12354:

McIntyre, W. David. "The strange death of dominion status".

11157: 11155: 9956:"Maldives to rejoin Commonwealth of former British colonies" 9581:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 1 September 2009. Archived from 6064:

Their position and mutual relation may be readily defined.

5345:

In 1987, the Commonwealth Foundation established the annual

1957:, the Commonwealth's principal intergovernmental institution 14383: 13405: 13347: 13172: 12153:"Commonwealth: quaint historical relic or meaningful bloc?" 10836:"Trading Places: The "Commonwealth effect" revisited, p. 9" 10040: 5487:(1979). Naipaul won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2001. 4814: 2695:

also chose to attend. These concerns were rendered moot by

2655:. Fiji was suspended yet again in December 2006, following 2639: 2492:

returned the country to the organisation in February 2018.

2147:

Commonwealth nationals are eligible for appointment to the

2137: 1869: 1754: 1718:". These ideas faded away with the end of the Suez Crisis. 850: 377: 13084: 12517:

Williams, Paul D. "Blair's Britain and the Commonwealth".

12363:

The commonwealth of nations: Origins and impact, 1869–1971

8294: 7772:(3rd ed.). African Books Collective. pp. 91–92. 7737:(3rd ed.). African Books Collective. pp. 91–92. 6539: 6483:. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House. 5481:, was another immigrant, who wrote, amongst other things, 2445:

List of Commonwealth of Nations countries by GDP (nominal)

1908:

and retains the position until the following CHOGM. Since

1157:

from which it developed. They are connected through their

12588:

Documents and Speeches on Commonwealth Affairs, 1952–1962

11785:

Iyer, Pico (12 February 1993). "The Empire Writes Back".

11152: 6836:

Merriman, J.; Winter, J., eds. (2006). "British Empire".

6645:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 26 April 2009. Archived from 5120:

and architecture, with larger cemeteries being home to a

2839:, which committed the Commonwealth to the institution of 1415:

These aspects to the relationship were formalised by the

1173:

are associated with and operate within the Commonwealth.

12497:

The rise, decline and future of the British Commonwealth

11967: 10478:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

10449:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

9668: 9666: 9424:

Gruenbaum, Oren (February 2008). "Commonwealth Update".

7381:"Gabon partially suspended from Commonwealth after coup" 7039:

High Commissioner in United Kingdom (24 November 1952).

5920:"Annex B – Territories Forming Part of the Commonwealth" 5574:

The Rise, Decline and Future of the British Commonwealth

1165:, which focuses on intergovernmental relations, and the 10862:. Thecommonwealth.org. 26 November 2005. Archived from 10081:"Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles 1971" 9031: 8950: 8948: 7875:

Hedley, Bull (July 1959). "What is the Commonwealth?".

1904:

The head of government hosting the CHOGM is called the

41:"The Commonwealth" redirects here. For other uses, see 15627: 12119: 9987:"Maldives rejoins Commonwealth after over three years" 8795:"Nauru Accedes to Full Membership of the Commonwealth" 5473:(1989), was inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. 5303:

of the games was held in 2022 in Birmingham, England.

5149: 5066:

was signed to commit Commonwealth countries to combat

1992:

of India (2008–2016). The first secretary-general was

15805: 15437: 14570:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the 9792:"Britain must stand up for human rights in Sri Lanka" 9736:. The Commonwealth. 26 September 2014. Archived from 9663: 6947:"Barbados to remove Queen Elizabeth as head of state" 6507:"New Zealand Sovereignty: 1857, 1907, 1947, or 1987?" 5884: 5882: 5880: 5077: 1508: 197: 15713:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

11438:"Global Taskforce of Local and Regional Governments" 10756:(University of British Columbia Press, 2005), p. 6. 10717:

Six Moments of Crisis: Inside British Foreign Policy

9200:"Isle of Man welcomes report on Commonwealth future" 8945: 8531:"Conference on Rwanda's Commonwealth bid to be held" 8468:"Commonwealth membership in focus at London meeting" 7446:"Report of the Committee on Commonwealth Membership" 7436: 7434: 7432: 5740: 2946:

Economies of the Commonwealth of Nations 2012

1412:" was officially adopted to describe the community. 12243:"Commonwealth Anthem (with introductory narrative)" 11697:

Skirting the Boundary: A History of Women's Cricket

10675:

The rise and fall of a national strategy, 1945–1963

8920:"Israelis and Palestinians could join Commonwealth" 8305:"Lusaka Declaration on Racism and Racial Prejudice" 2178:Commonwealth citizens are eligible to serve in the 2070:

Nolan v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs

1192:, and formalised by the United Kingdom through the 12651: 12317:Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 11661: 10852: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9567: 8918: 8441:. Commonwealth Policy Studies Unit. Archived from 7567:"Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM)" 7182: 7019:, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 288, 6004: 5877: 5537:, who is one of only four writers to have won the 5513:. Kenya's most internationally renowned author is 5116:Commonwealth war cemeteries often feature similar 2103: 1912:, in Rwanda in 2022, the chair-in-office has been 12213:"A Celebration of Her Majesty's Sapphire Jubilee" 11472:New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade 8433: 8040:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 119–120. 7429: 6874:"Economic crisis and political cold war, 1949-57" 6589:"Fact File : Commonwealth and Allied Forces" 5398:published her first collection of short stories, 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2867:of 1989. These objectives were reinforced by the 2449:In 2019, the Commonwealth members had a combined 16051: 12504:The Constitutional Structure of the Commonwealth 11358:Cemeteries of the Great War By Sir Edwin Lutyens 10602:"GDP per capita, PPP (current international $ )" 10476:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 9853:"Sirisena sworn in as Sri Lanka's new president" 9820: 7507:"Prince Charles to be next head of Commonwealth" 7282: 7280: 6477:"Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 (Cth)" 5798:List of Commonwealth of Nations countries by GDP 5559:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2934:List of Commonwealth of Nations countries by GDP 1297:The prime ministers of five members at the 1944 1211:. He is king of 15 member states, known as the 13620:Articles related to the Commonwealth of Nations 12122:"Canada, Commonwealth and the key to relevance" 10349: 10347: 9564: 8885:"South Sudan Launches Bid to Join Commonwealth" 8434:te Velde-Ashworth, Victoria (10 October 2005). 7941:"Support for British nationals abroad: a guide" 7624: 7622: 6614:"British Commonwealth Occupation Force 1945–52" 6168:. Government House (Rideau Hall), Ottawa: CBC. 6111:The Victoria League for Commonwealth Friendship 5978: 5638:Most Commonwealth countries have the bicameral 5429:, was not published until 1966. South Africa's 2012:Commonwealth citizenship and high commissioners 1620:Commonwealth prime ministers' meeting in London 1087:29,958,050 km (11,566,870 sq mi) 15761:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 12324:Britain and the Commonwealth Alliance, 1918-39 12150: 10662:A Companion to Contemporary Britain: 1939–2000 10017:"South Africa withdraws from the Commonwealth" 9789: 9174:"Written evidence from the States of Guernsey" 8123:, Fiji government press release, July 17, 2007 7236: 7100: 6835: 6576:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan Museum, 6542:International law: a South African perspective 6453:. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Website. 5687:prerequisite for Commonwealth membership. The 4964:The Foundation was established in 1965 by the 2438: 1986:Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal 1682: 1223:, the position is not technically hereditary. 15791: 15613: 15097: 13770: 13643: 13070: 12637: 12476:International Journal of the History of Sport 11600:International Journal of the History of Sport 11569:International Journal of the History of Sport 10923:Time to say no: alternatives to EU membership 10413:"Commonwealth charter to focus on gay rights" 8987:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 8 February 2018. 7277: 7208:"UK – When Britain and France nearly married" 6544:. Lansdowne, South Africa: Juta. p. 19. 6481:foundingdocs.gov.au (Documenting a Democracy) 6444: 6421:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 4894:Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement 2892:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2011 2788:1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference 2706: 2681:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2013 2354:2007 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1766:2022 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1395: 15532:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 15515:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 15393:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 13585:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 13580:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 12385:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 12356:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 12296:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 11136: 11134: 10713: 10632:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 10463: 10344: 9734:"Fiji rejoins Commonwealth as a full member" 9459: 9457: 7619: 7262: 7260: 7184:"France offered to 'merge' with UK in 1950s" 6695:Seeking a Role: The United Kingdom 1951—1970 6682:Seeking a Role: The United Kingdom 1951—1970 4908:Commonwealth House, the headquarters of the 2830: 2396:Flags of the members of the Commonwealth in 2388:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations 2132:of 14 Commonwealth countries, including the 16075:International organisations based in London 13606:Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries 12053:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 2017. p. 46. 11747: 10686: 9758: 8073:The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 7829: 7804:International and Comparative Law Quarterly 6752: 6165:Queen Elizabeth's 1959 Dominion Day Message 5131: 4938:which links together over 180 Commonwealth 4874:Commonwealth members on a bilateral basis. 2651:from 6 June 2000 to 20 December 2001 after 2570:Suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations 2519:that have not become independent. Although 2371:. Rwanda was permitted to join despite the 2281:dedicated all members to the principles of 2248:Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria 1935: 1923:The 26th CHOGM was initially to be held in 1788: 1485:Commonwealth countries and the Empire were 16065:English-speaking countries and territories 15798: 15784: 15756:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 15620: 15606: 15104: 15090: 13777: 13763: 13650: 13636: 13077: 13063: 12644: 12630: 12102:(London, Royal Commonwealth Society, 2010) 11860:The Oxford Companion to English Literature 10284: 10282: 9984: 8979: 8977: 8855:"New Criteria for Commonwealth Membership" 8182:"Gurkhas: Terms and Conditions of Service" 7913: 6969: 6209:. Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from 5783:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 5553:Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal 4945: 2938: 12470:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214235.001.0001 11896: 11611: 11298: 11241: 11131: 10886:"The role and future of the Commonwealth" 10121:"Langkawi Declaration on the Environment" 9542:"Zimbabwe applies to rejoin Commonwealth" 9504:"Editorial: CHOGM 2003, Abuja, Nigeria". 9454: 9423: 9248: 9148:"The role and future of the Commonwealth" 8277: 7766:Manby, Bronwyn (2015). "Naturalisation". 7731:Manby, Bronwyn (2015). "Naturalisation". 7682:"Prove you have right of abode in the UK" 7440: 7257: 7243:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 137–43. 7094: 6447:"The Commission of Government, 1934–1949" 6251: 5662:officials. Most Commonwealth members use 5459:permanently settled in the United Kingdom 5204:is commemorated across the Commonwealth. 1757:, a former French mandate territory, and 1603: 14576:Legitimacy of territorial establishment 12780:Association of Commonwealth Universities 12747:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 12569:Madden, Frederick, and John Darwin, ed. 12390:Madden, Frederick and John Darwin, eds. 12370:A Guide to the Contemporary Commonwealth 12343:. London: John Murray. pp. 332–348. 11543:"Remembrance Day vs ANZAC Day explained" 11161: 9122:"Written evidence from States of Jersey" 8916: 8817: 8765:"Nauru back as full Commonwealth member" 8723: 8333: 8256: 7009: 7003: 6829: 6719: 6390: 5605: 5586: 5366: 5328: 5211: 5087: 4989: 4928:Association of Commonwealth Universities 4903: 4815:UK joins the European Economic Community 2920:The result of the effort was that a new 2816:Association of Commonwealth Universities 2760: 2584: 2533:Association of Commonwealth Universities 2403: 2391: 2343:as head of the Commonwealth, accept the 2231: 2158: 2107: 2015: 1945: 1882:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1876:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1870:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1798: 1610:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations 1458: 1299:Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference 1292: 1280: 1149:, the vast majority of which are former 16100:Political history of the United Kingdom 13677:Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 11857: 11803:"Meet the Man Booker Prize 2014 Judges" 11688: 11626: 11493:"UK Representation in the Commonwealth" 11205:"Commonwealth Games and Art Festival". 11109:"Directory of accredited organisations" 10786:New Zealand in World Affairs: 1972–1990 10437: 10319: 10288: 10279: 10047:. Commonwealth Secretariat. p. 7. 9924: 9922: 9347:(January 2000). "Commonwealth Update". 9275:(October 1999). "Commonwealth Update". 9228: 8974: 8912: 8910: 8560: 8558: 8402:"Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group" 8157: 8009:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 7648:Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 7205: 7127: 6708:Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 6129: 2905:in 41 Commonwealth states and a ban on 2318:Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme 2154: 2126:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 2114:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 1996:of Canada (1965–1975), followed by Sir 14: 16052: 15561:Historical flags of the British Empire 15545:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985 12800:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 12279:from the original on 15 December 2021. 12255:from the original on 15 December 2021. 11914:from the original on 15 September 2012 11736: 11694: 11663:"Rwanda in drive to join Commonwealth" 11659: 11627:Clayton, Jonathan (20 November 2007). 11593: 11566: 11355: 11338: 10690:The Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth II 10267:from the original on 29 September 2021 10254: 9629: 9579:"Fiji Suspended from the Commonwealth" 9463: 9383: 9343: 9303: 9271: 9088: 9086: 9067: 9065: 8543:from the original on 25 September 2015 8179: 7874: 7769:Citizenship Law in Africa: 3rd Edition 7734:Citizenship Law in Africa: 3rd Edition 7641: 7504: 7409: 7361:from the original on 30 September 2023 7322: 6977:"Constituent Assembly Debates (India)" 6558: 6292:. Imperial Studies. Vol. XXVIII. 6282: 5956:"BBC News – Profile: The Commonwealth" 5900:from the original on 10 September 2022 5723: 5648:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 5547:The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 5467:(1981). His most controversial novel, 5321:The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 4936:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 4899: 2812:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 2799:transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong 2765:Having left the Commonwealth over its 2679:. There were also calls to change the 2529:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 1842:, and five have monarchs of different 1495:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan 15779: 15601: 15436: 15348: 15085: 14594: 14266: 13941: 13834: 13758: 13631: 13618: 13058: 12625: 11766:from the original on 16 December 2018 11753: 11089:from the original on 19 December 2021 11023:. International.gc.ca. Archived from 10965:from the original on 5 September 2017 10920: 10902:from the original on 26 November 2012 10782: 10410: 9966:from the original on 24 November 2018 9771:from the original on 10 December 2014 9684:from the original on 19 November 2007 9467:(April 2002). "Commonwealth Update". 8985:"The Gambia rejoins the Commonwealth" 8917:Alderson, Andrew (17 December 2006). 8775:from the original on 25 December 2018 8496: 8033: 7833:American Journal of International Law 7765: 7730: 7607:from the original on 16 November 2020 7547:from the original on 14 November 2020 7318: 7316: 7195:from the original on 10 January 2022. 7180: 6894:from the original on 15 February 2023 6868: 6792: 6753:de Villiers, Marq (1998). "Review of 6457:from the original on 20 December 2014 6412: 6172:from the original on 20 November 2015 5966:from the original on 6 September 2020 5809:Organization of Ibero-American States 5731:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5616:Queen Elizabeth II's Platinum Jubilee 4979: 2580:Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group 2322:Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group 2172:British Commonwealth Occupation Force 1927:, Rwanda, in June 2020. Owing to the 1894:Commonwealth Prime Ministers Meetings 1503:British Commonwealth Occupation Force 1266: 1228:Citizenship of a Commonwealth country 12409:Britain, the Commonwealth and Europe 12329: 11904:"The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001" 11874:"The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007" 11839:from the original on 2 December 2023 11784: 11719: 11676:from the original on 10 January 2022 11382:"About the Commonwealth of Learning" 11316: 11278: 11142:"Commonwealth Foundation – About Us" 10353: 10101:from the original on 2 December 2013 10041:Commonwealth Observer Group (1999). 9997:from the original on 31 October 2021 9919: 9863:from the original on 31 October 2021 9821:Mike Blanchfield (14 January 2013). 9633:(July 2000). "Commonwealth Update". 9387:(July 2004). "Commonwealth Update". 9180:from the original on 9 February 2013 9154:from the original on 6 February 2013 9128:from the original on 9 February 2013 8958:. The Commonwealth. 4 October 2013. 8933:from the original on 10 January 2022 8907: 8555: 8079:from the original on 14 October 2017 7800: 7642:Belton, Kristy A. (2 January 2019). 7286: 7267:"Rwanda: Joining the Commonwealth". 7218:from the original on 23 January 2009 7128:Gowland, David; et al. (2009). 7032: 6231: 6117:from the original on 24 January 2021 4823:, but this was repeatedly vetoed by 2433:Committee on Commonwealth Membership 2408:The Commonwealth flag flying at the 2373:Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative 2350:Committee on Commonwealth Membership 1277:Historiography of the British Empire 15943:Mountain and Ultra Distance Running 15372:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands 14215:. British Cameroons is now part of 12267:"Windsor Suite Commonwealth Anthem" 12193:from the original on 10 August 2014 12008:from the original on 5 January 2024 11884:from the original on 10 August 2018 11641:from the original on 8 October 2008 10582:from the original on 10 August 2013 10392:from the original on 15 August 2021 10366:from the original on 16 August 2021 10190:"Aso Rock Commonwealth Declaration" 9985:Srinivasan, Meera (February 2020). 9714:from the original on 2 October 2020 9083: 9062: 7759: 7724: 7391:from the original on 4 October 2023 7289:"Rwanda Joins British Commonwealth" 7065: 7051:(2). DEA/50121-B-40. Archived from 6734:from the original on 19 August 2018 6487:from the original on 15 August 2011 5948: 5652:Commonwealth Local Government Forum 5582: 5156:Commonwealth Local Government Forum 5150:Commonwealth Local Government Forum 1706:proposed to British prime minister 1513:For a more comprehensive list, see 1454: 1428:in 1949. Australia and New Zealand 24: 15673:Bank for International Settlements 14231:unilaterally declared independence 13926:1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802 12805:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 12543: 12287: 12067:from the original on 30 March 2019 11862:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 11754:Tunca, Daria (27 September 2018). 11522:Commonwealth War Graces Commission 11388:from the original on 11 April 2023 11119:from the original on 25 March 2023 10803:from the original on 30 March 2019 10771:Australian Economic History Review 10734:from the original on 30 March 2019 10566:"Gross domestic product 2012, PPP" 10354:Watt, Nicholas (29 October 2011). 10332:from the original on 28 March 2012 10320:Cheadle, Bruce (29 October 2011). 10301:from the original on 23 March 2012 10289:Cheadle, Bruce (30 October 2011). 10061:from the original on 26 March 2023 9802:from the original on 21 April 2015 9674:"Fiji suspended from Commonwealth" 9206:. 23 November 2012. Archived from 8623:"Country Comparisons – Population" 8279:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1949.tb00131.x 8015:from the original on 27 March 2019 7517:from the original on 22 April 2021 7403: 7313: 7301:from the original on 18 April 2021 6957:from the original on 11 March 2021 6807:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1990.tb01493.x 6162:Queen Elizabeth II (1 July 1959). 6083:. The Commonwealth. Archived from 5988:. The Commonwealth. Archived from 5509:(Nobel Prize 2003) and playwright 5094:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 5084:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 5078:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2896:Commonwealth Eminent Persons Group 2820:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2537:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2075:Commonwealth citizens may receive 1953:, London, the headquarters of the 1509:Decolonisation and self-governance 32:Commonwealth of Independent States 25: 16111: 16080:Organizations established in 1949 15438:Antarctica and the South Atlantic 15417:Occupied by Argentina during the 15349: 14595: 13460:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 12605: 12223:from the original on 29 July 2018 12183:"Queen marks Commonwealth launch" 12088:(Brown, Son & Ferguson, 1952) 11594:Dawson, Michael (February 2006). 11057:from the original on 16 June 2021 10848:from the original on 4 July 2015. 10642:from the original on 7 April 2021 10612:from the original on 22 June 2019 10445:"World Population Prospects 2022" 10411:Sinha, Kounteya (11 March 2013). 10388:. Standard.co.uk. 11 March 2013. 10255:Borger, Julian (8 October 2010). 10236:from the original on 2 March 2011 10199:. 8 December 2003. Archived from 9759:Nasik Swami (28 September 2014). 8991:from the original on 14 July 2018 8895:from the original on 11 July 2017 8835:from the original on 24 June 2017 8825:"World Economic Outlook Database" 8578:from the original on 17 July 2018 8497:Osike, Felix (24 November 2007). 8474:. 6 December 2006. Archived from 8378:. 20 October 1991. Archived from 8372:"Harare Commonwealth Declaration" 7335:from the original on 27 June 2022 7206:Thomson, Mike (15 January 2007). 7105:. Monarchy Canada. Archived from 7016:The Monarchy and the Constitution 6720:Hennessy, Patrick (5 June 2004). 6143:from the original on 1 April 2023 6054:from the original on 16 July 2005 4879:vote in June 2016 to leave the EU 2773:was readmitted in 1994 following 2638:The declaration of a Republic in 2558:Chief Minister of the Isle of Man 2170:in post-war Japan as part of the 2120:for several Commonwealth nations. 1976:The secretariat is headed by the 1764:Prior to Togo's admission at the 1653:India's inaugural prime minister 1361:, leading to the creation of the 1254:, as promoted by the quadrennial 16095:Political history of New Zealand 15581: 15572: 15571: 14984:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13303:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12303:Commonwealth Elections 1945–1970 12259: 12235: 12205: 12175: 12163:from the original on 10 May 2013 12144: 12132:from the original on 10 May 2013 12113: 12091: 12079: 12041: 12020: 11961: 11926: 11866: 11851: 11829:"Commonwealth Short Story Prize" 11821: 11795: 11778: 11730: 11713: 11653: 11620: 11587: 11560: 11535: 11510: 11497:Government of the United Kingdom 11485: 11460: 11430: 11400: 11374: 11349: 11272: 11235: 11144:. 5 January 2006. Archived from 11101: 11069: 11039: 11013: 10977: 10959:New Statesman 28th February 2017 10947: 10914: 10878: 10828: 10815: 10776: 10759: 10746: 10707: 10680: 10667: 10654: 10624: 10594: 10558: 10546:from the original on 11 May 2011 10528: 10492: 10404: 10378: 10313: 10248: 10218: 10182: 10152: 10139: 10113: 10073: 10034: 10009: 9978: 9948: 9907:from the original on 17 May 2020 9893: 9875: 9845: 9833:from the original on 24 May 2013 9814: 9790:David Miliband (11 March 2013). 9783: 9752: 9726: 9696: 9623: 9597: 9552:from the original on 22 May 2018 9534: 9497: 9417: 9377: 9337: 9297: 9265: 9222: 9192: 9166: 9140: 9114: 9025: 9003: 8877: 8861:. 23 August 2013. Archived from 8847: 8787: 8232:"The Gurkha Regiments Explained" 7577:from the original on 5 July 2008 7323:Turner, Camilla (22 June 2022). 7181:Clout, Laura (15 January 2007). 6927:from the original on 15 May 2011 6639:"Celebrating thecommonwealth@60" 6342:from the original on 1 June 2023 5929:. September 2011. Archived from 5826: 5757: 5743: 5171:Commonwealth Heads of Government 5018:, is held every four years; the 4754: 4711: 4678: 4645: 4612: 4579: 4546: 4513: 4480: 4447: 4414: 4381: 4348: 4315: 4282: 4249: 4216: 4183: 4158:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4150: 4117: 4084: 4051: 4018: 3985: 3952: 3919: 3886: 3853: 3820: 3787: 3754: 3721: 3688: 3655: 3622: 3589: 3556: 3523: 3490: 3457: 3424: 3391: 3358: 3325: 3292: 3259: 3226: 3193: 3160: 3127: 3094: 3061: 3028: 2995: 2808:Commonwealth Lawyers Association 2525:Commonwealth Lawyers Association 2509:Associated States of New Zealand 2041:High commissioner (Commonwealth) 1982:Commonwealth heads of government 1886:Commonwealth Heads of Government 938: 925: 911: 897: 884: 870: 856: 843: 830: 816: 801: 786: 772: 758: 744: 731: 725:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 717: 702: 687: 673: 659: 645: 632: 618: 604: 591: 578: 565: 552: 539: 526: 513: 500: 487: 474: 461: 448: 435: 422: 409: 396: 383: 370: 357: 344: 331: 318: 305: 292: 279: 266: 253: 240: 227: 214: 199: 117:Partially suspended member state 96: 81: 67: 16070:Intergovernmental organizations 11858:Drabble, Margaret, ed. (1996). 10536:"GDP per capita (current US$ )" 9605:"Fiji Rejoins the Commonwealth" 9075:. 11 March 2011. Archived from 8962:from the original on 1 May 2021 8801:. 12 April 1999. Archived from 8769:Radio New Zealand International 8757: 8717: 8701:. 19 March 2009. Archived from 8681: 8665:. 19 March 2009. Archived from 8651: 8635:. 19 March 2009. Archived from 8615: 8590: 8490: 8460: 8394: 8364: 8327: 8311:. 7 August 1979. Archived from 8250: 8224: 8202: 8180:Taylor, Claire (12 June 2009). 8173: 8158:Allison, George (27 May 2024). 8151: 8126: 8107: 8091: 8061: 8027: 7997: 7976:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 7969:"The new UK Emergency Passport" 7961: 7933: 7868: 7823: 7794: 7699: 7674: 7635: 7589: 7559: 7529: 7505:Walker, Peter (20 April 2018). 7498: 7468: 7373: 7347: 7287:Kron, Josh (28 November 2009). 7230: 7199: 7174: 7161: 7148: 7121: 7059: 6939: 6909: 6862: 6746: 6713: 6700: 6687: 6674: 6661: 6631: 6606: 6581: 6533: 6499: 6469: 6438: 6384: 6377:, agreed in 1921, included the 6367: 6354: 6324: 6276: 6232:Mole, Stuart (September 2004). 6225: 6195: 6184: 6155: 2966: 2742:alleged human rights violations 2505:Australian external territories 2104:Legal institutional connections 1967:United Nations General Assembly 1535:Burma (Myanmar since 1989) and 1382:British Commonwealth of Nations 1242:defines their shared values of 1182:British Commonwealth of Nations 990:The Baroness Scotland of Asthal 16085:Political history of Australia 15688:International Seabed Authority 15480:Australian Antarctic Territory 14336:since 1965 (before as part of 14333:British Indian Ocean Territory 14219:, while Tanganyika is part of 13850:since 1960 (before as part of 13530:British Indian Ocean Territory 13439:Australian Antarctic Territory 12411:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001) 11414:. 31 July 2013. Archived from 9901:"The Commonwealth Secretariat" 9176:. Policy Council of Guernsey. 8602:Australian Antarctic Territory 8134:"Nationality and Commonwealth" 8114:"High Court promulgation 2007" 8098:"High Court Act to be amended" 7410:Lawson, Alice (24 June 2022). 7273:. AllAfrica. 27 November 2009. 6445:Webb, Jeff A. (January 2003). 6099: 6073: 6034: 5912: 5847: 5706: 5355:Commonwealth Short Story Prize 5339:Commonwealth Short Story Prize 5165:to support the development of 2268:". In the wake of the wave of 1978:Commonwealth secretary-general 1559:(which united with the former 1489:in every major theatre of the 1481:British Empire in World War II 1374:Paris Peace Conference of 1919 1336:in 1959, pointed out that the 1332:, in her address to Canada on 1215:, whilst 36 other members are 1137:, often simply referred to as 13: 1: 12983:Commonwealth Youth Parliament 12795:Commonwealth Games Federation 12785:Commonwealth Business Council 12428:The Commonwealth in the World 12336:"Imperial Organization" 12308:Cook, Chris and John Paxton. 11660:Pflanz, Mike (24 July 2007). 11279:Muda, Muhammad (April 1998). 11021:"Canada-European Union: CETA" 10664:(2005): 436–481, esp. 469-71. 10509:. 1 July 2013. Archived from 10500:"Gross domestic product 2012" 9229:Colvile, Robert (July 2004). 7660:10.1080/14662043.2019.1545526 7169:Contemporary European History 6987:. 16 May 1949. Archived from 6517:. August 2007. Archived from 5857:. 6 June 2013. Archived from 5840: 5461:. Rushdie achieved fame with 5306: 5277:inaugural edition in Hamilton 2881: 2563: 2553:Government of the Isle of Man 2457: 2424:(2,941,300 sq mi). 2227: 2000:of Guyana (1975–1990), Chief 1888:, including (amongst others) 1810:, was in office for 70 years. 1591:countries, predominantly non- 1441:Status of the Union Act, 1934 43:Commonwealth (disambiguation) 15678:International Criminal Court 13791:British Overseas Territories 13044:Visits by Queen Elizabeth II 12729:Commonwealth Youth Programme 12310:Commonwealth Political Facts 12120:Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah. 12098:Royal Commonwealth Society, 10754:Canada and the End of Empire 10021:South African History Online 9124:. Chief Minister of Jersey. 8689:"Country Comparisons – Area" 7630:Commonwealth Political Facts 7156:Contemporary British History 6669:Commonwealth Political Facts 6667:Chris Cook and John Paxton, 5785:, an equivalent grouping of 5674:adopted in 2003 reflect the 5388:The Story of an African Farm 5285:cricket at schools in Rwanda 2861:environmental sustainability 2497:British Overseas Territories 2008:of New Zealand (2000–2008). 2004:of Nigeria (1990–1999), and 1783: 1768:, Togolese Foreign Minister 1742:that had been a district of 1721: 1710:that their two countries be 1659:Constituent Assembly Debates 1616:Republic of Ireland Act 1948 1526:British overseas territories 1501:and New Zealand made up the 1430:ratified the statute in 1942 135:British Overseas Territories 7: 16090:Political history of Canada 15683:International Monetary Fund 15629:International organizations 15507:British Antarctic Territory 15217:Western Pacific Territories 15111: 13743:Charter of the Commonwealth 13524:British Antarctic Territory 13433:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 12978:Commonwealth Writers' Prize 12447:Making the New Commonwealth 12432:University of Toronto Press 11910:. Nobel Prize Outreach AB. 11221:10.1080/0035853022000010308 11215:(365): 293–296. July 2002. 10789:. Victoria UP. p. 23. 9520:10.1080/0035853042000188139 9403:10.1080/0035853042000249933 9250:10.1080/0035853042000249942 8829:International Monetary Fund 8699:Central Intelligence Agency 8633:Central Intelligence Agency 8606:British Antarctic Territory 8499:"Rwanda membership delayed" 6578:Retrieved: 18 October 2010. 6253:10.1080/0035853042000289128 5927:Her Majesty's Civil Service 5736: 5347:Commonwealth Writers' Prize 4821:European Economic Community 2922:Charter of the Commonwealth 2825: 2792:first multiracial elections 2670:elections in September 2014 2625:called a state of emergency 2439:Economy of member countries 2254:Statute of Westminster 1931 2241: 2082:British emergency passports 1683:Proposals to include Europe 1469:Colony of Southern Rhodesia 1238:rather than embassies. The 1159:use of the English language 10: 16116: 15693:World Customs Organization 15245:Gilbert and Ellice Islands 14662:British Arctic Territories 13942: 13835: 13719:Millbrook Action Programme 12719:Deputy Secretaries-General 12341:The Empire and the century 12217:Commonwealth Music Council 11932:Man Booker official site: 10720:. OUP Oxford. p. 87. 10226:"Commonwealth Secretariat" 9514:(373): 3–6. January 2004. 8005:"Travel related documents" 7476:"Head of the Commonwealth" 6684:(Oxford UP, 2009), p. 102. 6302:Royal Commonwealth Society 5713:Royal Commonwealth Society 5681: 5391:was published in 1883 and 5335:Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi 5310: 5184: 5180: 5153: 5135: 5081: 5014:The Commonwealth Games, a 4983: 4949: 4914: 4910:Royal Commonwealth Society 4871:Royal Commonwealth Society 4862: 4801: 2931: 2927: 2710: 2707:Withdrawal and termination 2621:the country's constitution 2567: 2461: 2442: 2431:", but was renamed on the 2385: 2381: 2245: 2034: 1939: 1873: 1830:should succeed his mother 1792: 1607: 1512: 1478: 1445:Parliament of South Africa 1396:Adoption and formalisation 1270: 1261: 40: 29: 16035:Commonwealth Winter Games 16024: 15855: 15814: 15736: 15698:Inter-Parliamentary Union 15662: 15643: 15556: 15525: 15485:Commonwealth of Australia 15443: 15432: 15403: 15355: 15344: 15310: 15117: 15081: 14887:Newfoundland and Labrador 14601: 14590: 14568:League of Nations mandate 14549: 14273: 14262: 14243:Lancaster House Agreement 14213:League of Nations mandate 14202: 13948: 13937: 13841: 13830: 13797: 13666: 13625: 13602: 13498: 13473: 13423: 13414: 13391: 13096: 13024: 12945: 12902: 12770: 12737: 12686: 12660: 12506:, Clarendon Press, 1960. 12449:, Clarendon Press, 1988. 11986:10.1080/00358530601167335 11695:Duncan, Isabelle (2013). 11613:10.1080/09523360500386419 11581:10.1080/09523368908713685 11300:10.1080/00358539808454416 11258:10.1080/00358530500175033 11181:10.1080/00358530801890561 9649:10.1080/00358530050083406 9483:10.1080/00358530220144148 9440:10.1080/00358530701864963 9323:10.1080/00358530701625877 9048:10.1080/00358530600929735 8743:10.1080/00358530801962089 8350:10.1080/00358530500174960 7134:. Routledge. p. 46. 7068:"Royal titles and styles" 6917:"Staying loyal to George" 6765:(4): 783–785 : 783. 6515:Parliament of New Zealand 5789:countries and territories 5449:Nobel Prize in Literature 5333:Ugandan-British novelist 4752: 4709: 4676: 4643: 4610: 4577: 4544: 4511: 4478: 4445: 4412: 4379: 4346: 4313: 4280: 4247: 4214: 4181: 4148: 4115: 4082: 4049: 4016: 3983: 3950: 3917: 3884: 3851: 3818: 3785: 3752: 3719: 3686: 3653: 3620: 3587: 3554: 3521: 3488: 3455: 3422: 3389: 3356: 3323: 3290: 3257: 3224: 3191: 3158: 3125: 3092: 3059: 3026: 2993: 2972: 2969: 2959: 2954: 2894:considered a report by a 2831:Objectives and activities 2802:the organisations of the 2723:declare itself a republic 2210:Royal Brunei Armed Forces 1969:by the secretariat as an 1814:Under the formula of the 1734:. Its entry preceded the 1672:constitutional monarchies 1650:, have remained members. 1143:international association 1116: 1106: 1096: 1091: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1057: 1040: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1012: 995: 978: 963: 959: 954: 182: 172: 162: 147: 95: 63: 52: 16031:Commonwealth Youth Games 15728:World Trade Organization 15015:Turks and Caicos Islands 14322:(protectorate) 1907–1949 14267: 13894:(integrated into the UK) 13731:Latimer House Principles 13590:Turks and Caicos Islands 13001:Commonwealth citizenship 12762:Ministerial Action Group 12694:Head of the Commonwealth 12612:Commonwealth Secretariat 12586:Mansergh, Nicholas, ed. 11699:. London: Robson Press. 10230:Commonwealth Secretariat 10197:Commonwealth Secretariat 10164:Commonwealth Secretariat 10092:Commonwealth Secretariat 9011:"States and Territories" 8799:Commonwealth Secretariat 8663:Commonwealth Secretariat 8472:Commonwealth Secretariat 8406:Commonwealth Secretariat 8376:Commonwealth Secretariat 8309:Commonwealth Secretariat 8236:The Gurkha Welfare Trust 7480:Commonwealth Secretariat 7450:Commonwealth Secretariat 7066:Smy, William A. (2008). 7041:"Royal Style and Titles" 6878:A New History of Ireland 6876:. In Hill, J. R. (ed.). 6398:. Sidgwick and Jackson. 6336:civilservice.blog.gov.uk 6081:"The London Declaration" 6016:Commonwealth Secretariat 5819: 5689:flag of the Commonwealth 5672:Latimer House Principles 5436:Cry, the Beloved Country 5207: 5138:Commonwealth of Learning 5132:Commonwealth of Learning 4932:Commonwealth Scholarship 4858: 2845:representative democracy 2515:. There are also former 2369:Commonwealth Secretariat 2266:Head of the Commonwealth 1980:, who is elected by the 1963:Commonwealth Secretariat 1955:Commonwealth Secretariat 1942:Commonwealth Secretariat 1936:Commonwealth Secretariat 1824:Head of the Commonwealth 1808:Head of the Commonwealth 1795:Head of the Commonwealth 1789:Head of the Commonwealth 1406:1926 Imperial Conference 1205:Head of the Commonwealth 1190:1926 Imperial Conference 1163:Commonwealth Secretariat 1112:75/km (194.2/sq mi) 30:Not to be confused with 16060:Commonwealth of Nations 15751:Commonwealth of Nations 15298:1919–1942 and 1945–1968 15123:18th and 19th centuries 14939:Queen Charlotte Islands 14899:North-Western Territory 14871:1665–1674 and 1702–1776 14474:1781–1784 and 1795–1819 14139:1923–1965 and 1979–1980 13822:Commonwealth of Nations 13660:Commonwealth of Nations 13450:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 13090:Commonwealth of Nations 12790:Commonwealth Foundation 12653:Commonwealth of Nations 12617:Commonwealth Foundation 12580:2 February 2017 at the 12550:Madden, Frederick, ed. 12521:94.380 (2005): 381–391. 12401:2 February 2017 at the 11939:29 January 2017 at the 11833:Commonwealth Foundation 11356:Geurst, Jeroen (2010). 9291:10.1080/003585399107758 7926:, (1999) 199 7817:10.1093/iclqaj/31.3.451 7237:Frank Heinlein (2013). 6618:Australian War Memorial 6571:29 October 2010 at the 5313:Postcolonial literature 5036:2026 Commonwealth Games 5028:2022 Commonwealth Games 5020:2018 Commonwealth Games 4958:Commonwealth Foundation 4952:Commonwealth Foundation 4946:Commonwealth Foundation 4865:Commonwealth free trade 2939:Economic data by member 2118:highest court of appeal 1740:Belgian trust territory 1380:of 1921, when the term 1355:became more independent 1338:Confederation of Canada 1167:Commonwealth Foundation 1135:Commonwealth of Nations 56:Commonwealth of Nations 15048:West Indies Federation 14237:) and continued as an 13820:Current member of the 13683:Statute of Westminster 13535:British Virgin Islands 12597:19 August 2018 at the 12562:19 August 2018 at the 12495:Srinivasan, Krishnan. 12418:19 August 2018 at the 12407:Maitland, Donald. ed. 12035:8 January 2024 at the 10693:. Wiley. p. 416. 9204:Isle of Man Government 8069:"Practice direction 1" 7924:[1999] HCA 30 6362:Jan Smuts: A Biography 6137:"Commonwealth Charter" 5855:"Commonwealth Charter" 5793:English-speaking world 5778:Commonwealth Caribbean 5623: 5603: 5376: 5342: 5228: 5217:Rwanda Cricket Stadium 5101: 5011: 4912: 2778: 2703:as president in 2015. 2597: 2451:gross domestic product 2416: 2401: 2238: 2222:Singapore Police Force 2175: 2121: 2032: 1958: 1811: 1806:, the longest-serving 1668: 1604:Commonwealth republics 1476: 1417:Statute of Westminster 1326: 1290: 1194:Statute of Westminster 1045:Statute of Westminster 14970:Saint Kitts and Nevis 14241:state until the 1979 13847:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 13725:Edinburgh Declaration 13695:Singapore Declaration 13658:Key documents of the 13508:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 13416:Dependent territories 13293:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13006:Commonwealth diaspora 12932:Commonwealth republic 12387:36.4 (2008): 591–614. 12358:27.2 (1999): 193–212. 12301:Bloomfield, Valerie. 12251:. 13 September 2017. 12107:8 August 2014 at the 11954:17 March 2016 at the 11807:The Man Booker Prizes 10783:Brown, Bruce (1977). 10773:46#2 (2006): 155–175. 10714:Gill Bennett (2013). 10480:, Population Division 10451:, Population Division 9021:on 29 September 2007. 8266:The Modern Law Review 8034:Lloyd, Lorna (2007). 7387:. 20 September 2023. 7103:"The Invisible Crown" 6953:. 16 September 2020. 6759:International Journal 6710:44.2 (2006): 257–269. 6012:"Commonwealth Family" 5765:United Kingdom portal 5609: 5590: 5477:(born 1932), born in 5371:South African writer 5370: 5332: 5215: 5091: 5024:Gold Coast, Australia 4993: 4907: 4863:Further information: 4762:Commonwealth (realms) 4092:Saint Kitts and Nevis 2837:Singapore Declaration 2764: 2753:Ibrahim Mohamed Solih 2699:of opposition leader 2588: 2407: 2395: 2326:Edinburgh Declaration 2279:Singapore Declaration 2235: 2162: 2111: 2086:Documents of Identity 2019: 1949: 1910:the most recent CHOGM 1906:chair-in-office (CIO) 1802: 1736:Edinburgh Declaration 1663: 1462: 1424:joined Canada as its 1359:the first one in 1887 1296: 1284: 695:Saint Kitts and Nevis 177:Voluntary association 108:Current member states 15809:sports championships 15708:New Development Bank 15498:Realm of New Zealand 15496:(transferred to the 15483:(transferred to the 15316:Realm of New Zealand 14917:Prince Edward Island 14795:1671–1816, 1833–1960 13707:Langkawi Declaration 13168:Eswatini (Swaziland) 12988:Round Table movement 12535:23 June 2017 at the 12478:6.2 (1989): 145–155. 12368:McIntyre, W. David. 12361:McIntyre, W. David. 12319:1.3 (1962): 169–193. 12151:Elizabeth Renzetti. 10961:. 25 February 2017. 10895:. 15 November 2012. 10687:Ben Pimlott (1998). 9962:. 20 November 2018. 9150:. House of Commons. 8639:on 27 September 2011 8412:on 30 September 2006 8315:on 30 September 2006 7953:on 19 October 2013. 7486:on 30 September 2006 7171:(1998) 7#1 pp 39–60. 7158:(1996) 10#4 pp 1–34. 7101:Toporoski, Richard. 7072:The Loyalist Gazette 7055:on 23 November 2011. 7013:(12 February 1998), 6923:. 19 February 2010. 6318:10.1086/ahr/74.3.999 6139:. The Commonwealth. 5896:. The Commonwealth. 5676:separation of powers 5406:Indian sub-continent 5380:South African writer 5267:, with Australia in 5126:Stone of Remembrance 5064:Gleneagles Agreement 5040:Summer Olympic Games 5002:, shown here at the 2967:GDP (nominal, US$ ) 2876:Aso Rock Declaration 2865:Langkawi Declaration 2775:non-racial elections 2701:Maithripala Sirisena 2691:. UK prime minister 2657:the most recent coup 2410:Parliament of Canada 2320:, which created the 2180:British Armed Forces 2155:Military connections 2142:Realm of New Zealand 2140:which are under the 2037:Commonwealth citizen 1898:Imperial Conferences 1573:Joseph Chamberlain's 1563:in 1960 to form the 1384:was substituted for 1363:Imperial Conferences 1240:Commonwealth Charter 1098:• 2016 estimate 126:Former member states 18:Commonwealth Nations 15966:Rhythmic Gymnastics 15737:Cultural IGOs 15529:Since 2009 part of 15421:of April–June 1982. 15008:Trinidad and Tobago 14622:Antigua and Barbuda 14522:Straits Settlements 13671:Balfour Declaration 13358:Trinidad and Tobago 13108:Antigua and Barbuda 12912:Membership criteria 12772:Commonwealth Family 12739:Heads of government 12485:, Routledge, 2008. 12322:Holland, Robert F. 12298:35.1 (2007): 73–94. 11669:The Daily Telegraph 11412:thecommonwealth.org 10925:. London: Civitas. 10921:Milne, Ian (2011). 10765:Andrea Benvenuti, 10094:. 22 January 1971. 10088:thecommonwealth.org 9903:. 13 October 2016. 9740:on 1 September 2019 9680:. 8 December 2006. 9585:on 4 September 2009 8926:The Daily Telegraph 8859:thecommonwealth.org 8659:"Tuvalu: Key Facts" 7985:on 12 December 2012 7444:(24 October 2007). 7442:Patterson, Percival 7078:(1). Archived from 6985:Parliament of India 6757:by Linda Freeman". 6643:thecommonwealth.org 6207:thecommonwealth.org 5894:thecommonwealth.org 5787:Portuguese-speaking 5724:Commonwealth Anthem 5570:Krishnan Srinivasan 5484:A Bend in the River 5464:Midnight's Children 5401:In a German Pension 5396:Katherine Mansfield 5301:most recent edition 5144:heads of government 4966:Heads of Government 4917:Commonwealth Family 4900:Commonwealth Family 4521:Trinidad and Tobago 3003:Antigua and Barbuda 2804:Commonwealth Family 2517:British possessions 2513:Commonwealth Family 2214:Gurkha Reserve Unit 2182:. According to the 2084:. Australia issues 2077:consular assistance 1918:president of Rwanda 1712:joined in a "union" 1698:At the time of the 1628:V. K. Krishna Menon 1578:Krishnan Srinivasan 1522:Commonwealth realms 1505:in post-war Japan. 1471:, South Africa and 1449:law of South Africa 1402:Balfour Declaration 1213:Commonwealth realms 1186:Balfour Declaration 1124:thecommonwealth.org 1030:Balfour Declaration 878:Trinidad and Tobago 207:Antigua and Barbuda 16027:Commonwealth Games 14681:Cape Breton Island 14572:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty 14414:Unfederated States 14229:Southern Rhodesia 13816:Commonwealth realm 13713:Harare Declaration 13701:Lusaka Declaration 13689:London Declaration 13016:King's Baton Relay 12958:Commonwealth Games 12927:Commonwealth realm 12917:Special membership 12524:Winks, Robin, ed. 12425:Mansergh, Nicholas 12372:, Palgrave, 2001. 12312:(Macmillan, 1978). 12157:The Globe and Mail 12126:The Globe and Mail 11809:. 12 December 2013 11723:The Globe and Mail 11468:"The Commonwealth" 11448:on 11 January 2017 11418:on 1 February 2019 11360:. 010 Publishers. 11148:on 5 January 2006. 11082:ABC News Australia 10992:Trade.EC.Europe.eu 10893:British Parliament 10418:The Times of India 9936:on 14 October 2016 9859:. 9 January 2015. 9827:The Globe and Mail 9611:on 1 November 2004 8805:on 11 October 2008 8725:McIntyre, W. David 8705:on 9 February 2014 8694:The World Factbook 8669:on 29 October 2007 8628:The World Factbook 8511:on 23 January 2013 8382:on 7 February 2004 8119:2008-07-25 at the 7974:. United Kingdom: 7597:"The Commonwealth" 7543:. 22 August 2013. 7294:The New York Times 7109:on 9 February 2008 6991:on 9 November 2013 6671:(Macmillan, 1978). 6375:Oath of Allegiance 6107:"The Commonwealth" 5986:"The Commonwealth" 5936:on 6 December 2011 5718:Commonwealth Games 5640:Westminster system 5624: 5604: 5600:Westminster system 5470:The Satanic Verses 5377: 5343: 5317:Migrant literature 5273:Commonwealth Games 5229: 5122:Cross of Sacrifice 5102: 5012: 4996:Commonwealth Games 4986:Commonwealth Games 4980:Commonwealth Games 4930:which manages the 4913: 4845:Quebec nationalism 2869:Harare Declaration 2857:Lusaka Declaration 2849:individual liberty 2779: 2607:on the eve of the 2598: 2576:Harare Declaration 2549:States of Guernsey 2501:Crown Dependencies 2471:Harare Declaration 2429:special membership 2417: 2402: 2306:Harare Declaration 2258:London Declaration 2239: 2198:Brigade of Gurkhas 2176: 2149:High Court of Fiji 2122: 2094:high commissioners 2033: 1959: 1896:and, earlier, the 1816:London Declaration 1812: 1804:Queen Elizabeth II 1744:German East Africa 1716:on the Irish basis 1624:London Declaration 1561:Italian Somaliland 1557:British Somaliland 1530:London Declaration 1477: 1378:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1330:Queen Elizabeth II 1327: 1321:(New Zealand) and 1317:(United Kingdom), 1291: 1287:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1285:Draft of the 1921 1267:Conceptual origins 1256:Commonwealth Games 1198:London Declaration 1062:London Declaration 140:Crown Dependencies 36:Commonwealth realm 16047: 16046: 16041: 16040: 15856:Individual sports 15773: 15772: 15769: 15768: 15645:Intergovernmental 15595: 15594: 15552: 15551: 15428: 15427: 15360:Providence Island 15340: 15339: 15305: 15304: 15173:Western Australia 15141:Van Diemen's Land 15077: 15076: 15054:Associated States 14752:Columbia District 14586: 14585: 14440:Manila and Cavite 14258: 14257: 14137:Southern Rhodesia 14131:South-West Africa 14081:Northern Rhodesia 13993:Cape of Good Hope 13933: 13932: 13810:Current territory 13752: 13751: 13612: 13611: 13598: 13597: 13455:Coral Sea Islands 13393:Associated states 13052: 13051: 12968:Commonwealth Flag 12937:High Commissioner 12724:Marlborough House 12713:Patricia Scotland 12709:Secretary-General 12512:978-0-313-23624-2 12499:(Springer, 2005). 12491:978-0-415-35120-1 12481:Shaw, Timothy M. 12464:(Oxford UP 2013) 12455:978-0-19-820112-0 12440:978-0-8020-2492-3 12378:978-0-333-96310-4 12326:(Springer, 1981). 12275:. 20 March 2018. 12060:978-1-349-68398-7 11788:The Straits Times 11740:Los Angeles Times 11367:978-90-6450-715-1 10932:978-1-906837-32-7 10796:978-0-86473-372-6 10727:978-0-19-164163-3 10700:978-0-471-28330-0 10673:Alan S. Milward, 10516:on 10 August 2013 10232:. 7 August 1979. 10170:on 20 August 2006 10054:978-0-85092-626-2 9363:10.1080/750459452 9110:on 11 March 2011. 9079:on 11 March 2011. 8831:. 18 April 2017. 8539:. 3 August 2008. 8238:. 18 October 2022 8047:978-90-04-15497-1 7628:Cook and Paxton, 7250:978-1-135-28441-1 7141:978-1-134-35452-8 7026:978-0-19-829334-7 6921:indianexpress.com 6887:978-0-19-161559-7 6847:978-0-684-31366-5 6795:Political Studies 6551:978-0-7021-7121-5 6431:978-0-313-26257-9 6405:978-0-283-97908-8 6338:. 12 March 2018. 6047:. November 1926. 6022:on 31 August 2007 5962:. February 2012. 5515:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o 5497:, and playwright 5492:Nigerian novelist 5445:Southern Rhodesia 5439:dates from 1948. 5426:Wide Sargasso Sea 5194:Commonwealth Flag 5167:democratic values 5163:local governments 5016:multi-sport event 4974:Pall Mall, London 4970:Marlborough House 4825:Charles de Gaulle 4799: 4798: 4795: 4794: 2677:Mahinda Rajapaksa 2646:designed to deny 2398:Parliament Square 2333:Harare principles 2312:, and the end of 2218:Gurkha Contingent 2168:5th Gurkha Rifles 2051:the right to vote 1951:Marlborough House 1732:Portuguese colony 1677:legal personality 1345:, while visiting 1315:Winston Churchill 1131: 1130: 983:Secretary-General 152:Marlborough House 16:(Redirected from 16107: 15827:Beach Volleyball 15800: 15793: 15786: 15777: 15776: 15744: 15723:World Bank Group 15660: 15659: 15656: 15638: 15622: 15615: 15608: 15599: 15598: 15585: 15575: 15574: 15540:Antarctic Treaty 15501: 15488: 15473:Falkland Islands 15465:Tristan da Cunha 15457:Ascension Island 15434: 15433: 15385:Falkland Islands 15346: 15345: 15314:Now part of the 15186:Pitcairn Islands 15151:Auckland Islands 15120: 15119: 15106: 15099: 15092: 15083: 15082: 15068:Windward Islands 15022:Vancouver Island 14799:MassachusettsBay 14668:British Columbia 14592: 14591: 14408:Federated States 14264: 14263: 14174:Tristan da Cunha 14143:Southern Nigeria 14075:Northern Nigeria 13954:Ascension Island 13939: 13938: 13895: 13832: 13831: 13806:Former territory 13803: 13779: 13772: 13765: 13756: 13755: 13652: 13645: 13638: 13629: 13628: 13616: 13615: 13575:Pitcairn Islands 13545:Falkland Islands 13445:Christmas Island 13421: 13420: 13283:Papua New Guinea 13098:Sovereign states 13079: 13072: 13065: 13056: 13055: 12973:Commonwealth Day 12953:English language 12646: 12639: 12632: 12623: 12622: 12460:Murphy, Philip. 12394:(1994), 908 pp. 12344: 12338: 12281: 12280: 12263: 12257: 12256: 12239: 12233: 12232: 12230: 12228: 12209: 12203: 12202: 12200: 12198: 12179: 12173: 12172: 12170: 12168: 12148: 12142: 12141: 12139: 12137: 12117: 12111: 12095: 12089: 12083: 12077: 12076: 12074: 12072: 12045: 12039: 12024: 12018: 12017: 12015: 12013: 11965: 11959: 11930: 11924: 11923: 11921: 11919: 11900: 11894: 11893: 11891: 11889: 11870: 11864: 11863: 11855: 11849: 11848: 11846: 11844: 11825: 11819: 11818: 11816: 11814: 11799: 11793: 11792: 11782: 11776: 11775: 11773: 11771: 11751: 11745: 11744: 11734: 11728: 11727: 11717: 11711: 11710: 11692: 11686: 11685: 11683: 11681: 11665: 11657: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11624: 11618: 11617: 11615: 11591: 11585: 11584: 11564: 11558: 11557: 11555: 11553: 11539: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11528: 11514: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11503: 11489: 11483: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11444:. Archived from 11434: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11404: 11398: 11397: 11395: 11393: 11378: 11372: 11371: 11353: 11347: 11346: 11336: 11325: 11324: 11314: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11293:(346): 211–226. 11276: 11270: 11269: 11252:(380): 339–349. 11239: 11233: 11232: 11202: 11193: 11192: 11159: 11150: 11149: 11138: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11113:The Commonwealth 11105: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11094: 11085:. 23 July 2022. 11073: 11067: 11066: 11064: 11062: 11053:. 15 June 2021. 11043: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11017: 11011: 11010: 11008: 11006: 11000: 10994:. Archived from 10989: 10981: 10975: 10974: 10972: 10970: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10918: 10912: 10911: 10909: 10907: 10901: 10890: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10866:on 15 April 2013 10856: 10850: 10849: 10847: 10840: 10832: 10826: 10819: 10813: 10812: 10810: 10808: 10780: 10774: 10768: 10763: 10757: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10711: 10705: 10704: 10684: 10678: 10671: 10665: 10658: 10652: 10651: 10649: 10647: 10628: 10622: 10621: 10619: 10617: 10598: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10581: 10570: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10553: 10551: 10532: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10521: 10515: 10504: 10496: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10475: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10456: 10441: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10430: 10425:on 11 April 2013 10421:. Archived from 10408: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10397: 10382: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10371: 10351: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10337: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10306: 10286: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10272: 10252: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10222: 10216: 10215: 10213: 10211: 10205: 10194: 10186: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10175: 10166:. Archived from 10156: 10150: 10149:89.357: 585–592. 10143: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10132: 10127:on 16 April 2008 10117: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10100: 10085: 10077: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10066: 10038: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10013: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9982: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9971: 9952: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9926: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9897: 9891: 9890: 9885:. Archived from 9879: 9873: 9872: 9870: 9868: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9838: 9818: 9812: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9787: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9700: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9689: 9670: 9661: 9660: 9627: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9601: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9575: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9538: 9532: 9531: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9461: 9452: 9451: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9381: 9375: 9374: 9341: 9335: 9334: 9317:(392): 555–563. 9301: 9295: 9294: 9285:(352): 547–567. 9269: 9263: 9262: 9252: 9226: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9170: 9164: 9163: 9161: 9159: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9118: 9112: 9111: 9109: 9103:. Archived from 9098: 9090: 9081: 9080: 9069: 9060: 9059: 9042:(386): 487–502. 9029: 9023: 9022: 9017:. Archived from 9007: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8996: 8981: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8952: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8922: 8914: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8881: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8870: 8865:on 16 April 2014 8851: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8821: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8771:. 26 June 2011. 8761: 8755: 8754: 8721: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8619: 8613: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8577: 8570: 8562: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8527: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8507:. Archived from 8494: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8478:on 13 March 2007 8464: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8447: 8440: 8431: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8408:. Archived from 8398: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8344:(380): 381–391. 8331: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8301: 8292: 8291: 8281: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8243: 8228: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8217: 8212:. 27 August 2023 8206: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8186: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8155: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8130: 8124: 8111: 8105: 8095: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8031: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8001: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7984: 7978:. Archived from 7973: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7952: 7945: 7937: 7931: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7763: 7757: 7756: 7728: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7703: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7639: 7633: 7626: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7571:The Commonwealth 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7541:The Commonwealth 7537:"How we are run" 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7482:. Archived from 7472: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7456:on 26 April 2009 7452:. Archived from 7438: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7351: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7320: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7284: 7275: 7274: 7264: 7255: 7254: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7203: 7197: 7196: 7186: 7178: 7172: 7165: 7159: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7011:Bogdanor, Vernon 7007: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6901: 6899: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6790: 6771:10.2307/40203728 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6717: 6711: 6704: 6698: 6691: 6685: 6680:Brian Harrison, 6678: 6672: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6649:on 4 August 2009 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6585: 6579: 6564:Hayter, Steven. 6562: 6556: 6555: 6537: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6388: 6382: 6379:Irish Free State 6371: 6365: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6255: 6246:(376): 533–546. 6229: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6199: 6193: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6077: 6071: 6070: 6061: 6059: 6053: 6046: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6018:. Archived from 6008: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5935: 5924: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5886: 5875: 5874: 5868: 5866: 5851: 5834: 5830: 5811:, consisting of 5767: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5753: 5751:Countries portal 5748: 5747: 5697:Commonwealth Day 5660:local government 5592:Parliament House 5583:Political system 5418:Caribbean writer 5385:'s famous novel 5351:Man Booker Prize 5198:Commonwealth Day 4760: 4758: 4757: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4387: 4385: 4384: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4123: 4121: 4120: 4090: 4088: 4087: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4026:Papua New Guinea 4024: 4022: 4021: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3892: 3890: 3889: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3793: 3791: 3790: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3595: 3593: 3592: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3397: 3395: 3394: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3265: 3263: 3262: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2970:GDP (PPP, US$ ) 2964: 2952: 2951: 2943: 2942: 2617:Pervez Musharraf 2544:States of Jersey 2345:English language 2341:King Charles III 2337:sovereign states 2206:Gorkha regiments 2163:Soldiers of the 2056:British subjects 1998:Shridath Ramphal 1778:Anglophone world 1655:Jawaharlal Nehru 1626:, as drafted by 1585:New Commonwealth 1491:Second World War 1465:Second World War 1463:Poster from the 1455:Second World War 1390:Irish Free State 1236:high commissions 1147:56 member states 1139:the Commonwealth 1126: 1064: 1053: 1052:11 December 1931 1047: 1036:19 November 1926 1032: 1002: 985: 943: 942: 941: 930: 929: 928: 921: 916: 915: 914: 902: 901: 900: 889: 888: 887: 880: 875: 874: 873: 861: 860: 859: 848: 847: 846: 835: 834: 833: 826: 821: 820: 819: 811: 806: 805: 804: 796: 791: 790: 789: 777: 776: 775: 768: 763: 762: 761: 749: 748: 747: 736: 735: 734: 727: 722: 721: 720: 712: 707: 706: 705: 697: 692: 691: 690: 678: 677: 676: 669: 667:Papua New Guinea 664: 663: 662: 650: 649: 648: 637: 636: 635: 628: 623: 622: 621: 609: 608: 607: 596: 595: 594: 583: 582: 581: 570: 569: 568: 557: 556: 555: 544: 543: 542: 531: 530: 529: 518: 517: 516: 505: 504: 503: 492: 491: 490: 479: 478: 477: 466: 465: 464: 453: 452: 451: 440: 439: 438: 427: 426: 425: 414: 413: 412: 401: 400: 399: 388: 387: 386: 375: 374: 373: 362: 361: 360: 349: 348: 347: 336: 335: 334: 323: 322: 321: 310: 309: 308: 297: 296: 295: 284: 283: 282: 271: 270: 269: 258: 257: 256: 245: 244: 243: 232: 231: 230: 219: 218: 217: 210: 209: 205: 203: 202: 164:Working language 158:, United Kingdom 132: 123: 114: 105: 100: 85: 71: 50: 49: 21: 16115: 16114: 16110: 16109: 16108: 16106: 16105: 16104: 16050: 16049: 16048: 16043: 16042: 16037: 16020: 15953:Pool Lifesaving 15851: 15810: 15804: 15774: 15765: 15738: 15732: 15650: 15646: 15639: 15632: 15626: 15596: 15591: 15548: 15521: 15495: 15493:Ross Dependency 15482: 15439: 15424: 15399: 15351: 15336: 15306: 15301: 15257: 15252:Solomon Islands 15199:North Australia 15179:South Australia 15135:New South Wales 15113: 15110: 15073: 14793:Leeward Islands 14597: 14582: 14545: 14452:Muscat and Oman 14269: 14254: 14198: 13944: 13929: 13893: 13837: 13826: 13801: 13793: 13783: 13753: 13748: 13737:Perth Agreement 13662: 13656: 13621: 13613: 13608: 13594: 13494: 13484:Ross Dependency 13469: 13410: 13387: 13328:Solomon Islands 13100: 13092: 13083: 13053: 13048: 13039:Prime ministers 13020: 12994:The Round Table 12941: 12898: 12807: 12766: 12752:Chair-in-Office 12733: 12682: 12656: 12650: 12608: 12603: 12599:Wayback Machine 12582:Wayback Machine 12564:Wayback Machine 12546: 12544:Primary sources 12541: 12537:Wayback Machine 12519:The Round Table 12420:Wayback Machine 12403:Wayback Machine 12290: 12288:Further reading 12285: 12284: 12265: 12264: 12260: 12241: 12240: 12236: 12226: 12224: 12211: 12210: 12206: 12196: 12194: 12181: 12180: 12176: 12166: 12164: 12149: 12145: 12135: 12133: 12118: 12114: 12109:Wayback Machine 12096: 12092: 12084: 12080: 12070: 12068: 12061: 12047: 12046: 12042: 12037:Wayback Machine 12025: 12021: 12011: 12009: 11974:The Round Table 11966: 11962: 11956:Wayback Machine 11941:Wayback Machine 11931: 11927: 11917: 11915: 11902: 11901: 11897: 11887: 11885: 11872: 11871: 11867: 11856: 11852: 11842: 11840: 11827: 11826: 11822: 11812: 11810: 11801: 11800: 11796: 11783: 11779: 11769: 11767: 11752: 11748: 11735: 11731: 11718: 11714: 11707: 11693: 11689: 11679: 11677: 11658: 11654: 11644: 11642: 11625: 11621: 11592: 11588: 11565: 11561: 11551: 11549: 11541: 11540: 11536: 11526: 11524: 11516: 11515: 11511: 11501: 11499: 11491: 11490: 11486: 11476: 11474: 11466: 11465: 11461: 11451: 11449: 11442:globaltaskforce 11436: 11435: 11431: 11421: 11419: 11406: 11405: 11401: 11391: 11389: 11380: 11379: 11375: 11368: 11354: 11350: 11337: 11328: 11315: 11308: 11286:The Round Table 11277: 11273: 11245:The Round Table 11240: 11236: 11208:The Round Table 11204: 11203: 11196: 11168:The Round Table 11160: 11153: 11140: 11139: 11132: 11122: 11120: 11107: 11106: 11102: 11092: 11090: 11075: 11074: 11070: 11060: 11058: 11045: 11044: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11019: 11018: 11014: 11004: 11002: 11001:on 9 March 2017 10998: 10987: 10983: 10982: 10978: 10968: 10966: 10953: 10952: 10948: 10933: 10919: 10915: 10905: 10903: 10899: 10888: 10884: 10883: 10879: 10869: 10867: 10858: 10857: 10853: 10845: 10838: 10834: 10833: 10829: 10821:Russell Ward, 10820: 10816: 10806: 10804: 10797: 10781: 10777: 10766: 10764: 10760: 10751: 10747: 10737: 10735: 10728: 10712: 10708: 10701: 10685: 10681: 10672: 10668: 10659: 10655: 10645: 10643: 10630: 10629: 10625: 10615: 10613: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10585: 10583: 10579: 10575:. 1 July 2013. 10568: 10564: 10563: 10559: 10549: 10547: 10534: 10533: 10529: 10519: 10517: 10513: 10502: 10498: 10497: 10493: 10483: 10481: 10473: 10469: 10468: 10464: 10454: 10452: 10443: 10442: 10438: 10428: 10426: 10409: 10405: 10395: 10393: 10384: 10383: 10379: 10369: 10367: 10352: 10345: 10335: 10333: 10318: 10314: 10304: 10302: 10287: 10280: 10270: 10268: 10253: 10249: 10239: 10237: 10224: 10223: 10219: 10209: 10207: 10206:on 13 June 2006 10203: 10192: 10188: 10187: 10183: 10173: 10171: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10147:The Round Table 10144: 10140: 10130: 10128: 10119: 10118: 10114: 10104: 10102: 10098: 10083: 10079: 10078: 10074: 10064: 10062: 10055: 10039: 10035: 10025: 10023: 10015: 10014: 10010: 10000: 9998: 9983: 9979: 9969: 9967: 9954: 9953: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9928: 9927: 9920: 9910: 9908: 9899: 9898: 9894: 9889:on 5 July 2008. 9881: 9880: 9876: 9866: 9864: 9851: 9850: 9846: 9836: 9834: 9819: 9815: 9805: 9803: 9788: 9784: 9774: 9772: 9757: 9753: 9743: 9741: 9732: 9731: 9727: 9717: 9715: 9702: 9701: 9697: 9687: 9685: 9672: 9671: 9664: 9643:(355): 311–55. 9636:The Round Table 9628: 9624: 9614: 9612: 9603: 9602: 9598: 9588: 9586: 9577: 9576: 9565: 9555: 9553: 9548:. 22 May 2018. 9540: 9539: 9535: 9507:The Round Table 9503: 9502: 9498: 9477:(364): 131–59. 9470:The Round Table 9462: 9455: 9427:The Round Table 9422: 9418: 9397:(375): 311–42. 9390:The Round Table 9382: 9378: 9350:The Round Table 9342: 9338: 9310:The Round Table 9302: 9298: 9278:The Round Table 9270: 9266: 9243:(375): 343–53. 9236:The Round Table 9227: 9223: 9213: 9211: 9210:on 2 March 2013 9198: 9197: 9193: 9183: 9181: 9172: 9171: 9167: 9157: 9155: 9146: 9145: 9141: 9131: 9129: 9120: 9119: 9115: 9107: 9096: 9092: 9091: 9084: 9071: 9070: 9063: 9035:The Round Table 9030: 9026: 9009: 9008: 9004: 8994: 8992: 8983: 8982: 8975: 8965: 8963: 8954: 8953: 8946: 8936: 8934: 8915: 8908: 8898: 8896: 8883: 8882: 8878: 8868: 8866: 8853: 8852: 8848: 8838: 8836: 8823: 8822: 8818: 8808: 8806: 8793: 8792: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8763: 8762: 8758: 8737:(395): 273–85. 8722: 8718: 8708: 8706: 8687: 8686: 8682: 8672: 8670: 8657: 8656: 8652: 8642: 8640: 8621: 8620: 8616: 8610:Ross Dependency 8595: 8591: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8556: 8546: 8544: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8514: 8512: 8495: 8491: 8481: 8479: 8466: 8465: 8461: 8451: 8449: 8448:on 22 July 2007 8445: 8438: 8432: 8425: 8415: 8413: 8400: 8399: 8395: 8385: 8383: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8337:The Round Table 8332: 8328: 8318: 8316: 8303: 8302: 8295: 8255: 8251: 8241: 8239: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8215: 8213: 8208: 8207: 8203: 8193: 8191: 8184: 8178: 8174: 8164: 8162: 8156: 8152: 8142: 8140: 8132: 8131: 8127: 8121:Wayback Machine 8112: 8108: 8096: 8092: 8082: 8080: 8067: 8066: 8062: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8032: 8028: 8018: 8016: 8003: 8002: 7998: 7988: 7986: 7982: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7962: 7950: 7943: 7939: 7938: 7934: 7918: 7914: 7891:10.2307/2009593 7873: 7869: 7846:10.2307/2195461 7828: 7824: 7799: 7795: 7780: 7764: 7760: 7745: 7729: 7725: 7715: 7713: 7705: 7704: 7700: 7690: 7688: 7680: 7679: 7675: 7640: 7636: 7627: 7620: 7610: 7608: 7595: 7594: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7487: 7474: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7439: 7430: 7420: 7418: 7408: 7404: 7394: 7392: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7321: 7314: 7304: 7302: 7285: 7278: 7266: 7265: 7258: 7251: 7235: 7231: 7221: 7219: 7204: 7200: 7179: 7175: 7166: 7162: 7153: 7149: 7142: 7126: 7122: 7112: 7110: 7099: 7095: 7085: 7083: 7082:on 11 July 2012 7064: 7060: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7008: 7004: 6994: 6992: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6960: 6958: 6945: 6944: 6940: 6930: 6928: 6915: 6914: 6910: 6897: 6895: 6888: 6867: 6863: 6848: 6834: 6830: 6751: 6747: 6737: 6735: 6718: 6714: 6705: 6701: 6692: 6688: 6679: 6675: 6666: 6662: 6652: 6650: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6612: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6595: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6573:Wayback Machine 6563: 6559: 6552: 6538: 6534: 6524: 6522: 6505: 6504: 6500: 6490: 6488: 6475: 6474: 6470: 6460: 6458: 6443: 6439: 6432: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6392:Pakenham, Frank 6389: 6385: 6372: 6368: 6360:F.S. Crafford, 6359: 6355: 6345: 6343: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6281: 6277: 6239:The Round Table 6230: 6226: 6216: 6214: 6213:on 19 June 2010 6201: 6200: 6196: 6191:Liberal History 6189: 6185: 6175: 6173: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6146: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6120: 6118: 6113:. 21 May 2019. 6105: 6104: 6100: 6090: 6088: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6057: 6055: 6051: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6010: 6009: 6005: 5995: 5993: 5992:on 19 June 2010 5984: 5983: 5979: 5969: 5967: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5903: 5901: 5888: 5887: 5878: 5864: 5862: 5861:on 6 March 2019 5853: 5852: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5837: 5831: 5827: 5822: 5803:La Francophonie 5763: 5758: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5739: 5726: 5709: 5684: 5656:good governance 5646:democracy. The 5585: 5565:The Round Table 5533:, and novelist 5503:Nadine Gordimer 5383:Olive Schreiner 5373:Olive Schreiner 5323: 5309: 5210: 5202:Remembrance Day 5189: 5187:British culture 5183: 5158: 5152: 5140: 5134: 5086: 5080: 4988: 4982: 4954: 4948: 4919: 4902: 4867: 4861: 4853:Canadian Ensign 4849:Maple Leaf flag 4847:. In 1964, the 4817: 4804: 4755: 4753: 4712: 4710: 4679: 4677: 4646: 4644: 4613: 4611: 4580: 4578: 4547: 4545: 4514: 4512: 4481: 4479: 4448: 4446: 4415: 4413: 4382: 4380: 4349: 4347: 4323:Solomon Islands 4316: 4314: 4283: 4281: 4250: 4248: 4217: 4215: 4184: 4182: 4151: 4149: 4118: 4116: 4085: 4083: 4052: 4050: 4019: 4017: 3986: 3984: 3953: 3951: 3920: 3918: 3887: 3885: 3854: 3852: 3821: 3819: 3788: 3786: 3755: 3753: 3722: 3720: 3689: 3687: 3656: 3654: 3623: 3621: 3590: 3588: 3557: 3555: 3524: 3522: 3491: 3489: 3458: 3456: 3425: 3423: 3392: 3390: 3359: 3357: 3326: 3324: 3293: 3291: 3260: 3258: 3227: 3225: 3194: 3192: 3161: 3159: 3128: 3126: 3095: 3093: 3062: 3060: 3029: 3027: 2996: 2994: 2974: 2962: 2961: 2941: 2936: 2930: 2911:Malcolm Rifkind 2907:forced marriage 2884: 2843:; promotion of 2833: 2828: 2749:Mohamed Nasheed 2727:British monarch 2719: 2709: 2665:sporting events 2661:Kamalesh Sharma 2642:in 1987, after 2572: 2566: 2466: 2460: 2447: 2441: 2390: 2384: 2274:racial equality 2250: 2244: 2230: 2216:), as well the 2157: 2106: 2043: 2035:Main articles: 2022:high commission 2014: 1990:Kamalesh Sharma 1944: 1938: 1890:prime ministers 1884:(CHOGM), where 1878: 1872: 1797: 1791: 1786: 1724: 1685: 1612: 1606: 1565:Somali Republic 1518: 1511: 1483: 1457: 1398: 1351:South Australia 1279: 1271:Main articles: 1269: 1264: 1127: 1122: 1121: 1109: 1099: 1084: 1065: 1060: 1051: 1048: 1043: 1033: 1028: 1003: 1000:Chair-in-Office 998: 986: 981: 969: 950: 939: 937: 926: 924: 912: 910: 909: 898: 896: 885: 883: 871: 869: 868: 857: 855: 844: 842: 831: 829: 817: 815: 814: 802: 800: 799: 794:Solomon Islands 787: 785: 784: 773: 771: 759: 757: 756: 745: 743: 732: 730: 718: 716: 715: 703: 701: 700: 688: 686: 685: 674: 672: 660: 658: 657: 646: 644: 633: 631: 619: 617: 616: 605: 603: 592: 590: 579: 577: 566: 564: 553: 551: 540: 538: 527: 525: 514: 512: 501: 499: 488: 486: 475: 473: 462: 460: 449: 447: 436: 434: 423: 421: 410: 408: 397: 395: 384: 382: 371: 369: 358: 356: 345: 343: 332: 330: 319: 317: 306: 304: 293: 291: 280: 278: 267: 265: 254: 252: 241: 239: 228: 226: 215: 213: 200: 198: 196: 193: 192: 143: 142: 137: 130: 128: 121: 119: 112: 110: 103: 91: 90: 89: 86: 78: 77: 72: 59: 58: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16113: 16103: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16045: 16044: 16039: 16038: 16025: 16022: 16021: 16019: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15915: 15910: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15859: 15857: 15853: 15852: 15850: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15818: 15816: 15812: 15811: 15803: 15802: 15795: 15788: 15780: 15771: 15770: 15767: 15766: 15764: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15747: 15745: 15734: 15733: 15731: 15730: 15725: 15720: 15718:United Nations 15715: 15710: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15669: 15667: 15657: 15641: 15640: 15625: 15624: 15617: 15610: 15602: 15593: 15592: 15590: 15589: 15579: 15569: 15563: 15557: 15554: 15553: 15550: 15549: 15547: 15546: 15543: 15536: 15526: 15523: 15522: 15520: 15519: 15511: 15503: 15490: 15477: 15469: 15461: 15453: 15444: 15441: 15440: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15422: 15415: 15404: 15401: 15400: 15398: 15397: 15389: 15381: 15375: 15369: 15366:Willoughbyland 15363: 15356: 15353: 15352: 15342: 15341: 15338: 15337: 15335: 15334: 15324: 15318: 15311: 15308: 15307: 15303: 15302: 15300: 15299: 15293: 15287: 15280: 15273: 15267: 15260: 15258: 15256: 15255: 15248: 15242: 15236: 15226: 15220: 15214: 15208: 15202: 15196: 15190: 15182: 15176: 15166: 15160: 15154: 15148: 15138: 15131: 15128: 15127: 15124: 15118: 15115: 15114: 15109: 15108: 15101: 15094: 15086: 15079: 15078: 15075: 15074: 15072: 15071: 15065: 15059: 15058: 15057: 15045: 15039: 15033: 15029:Virgin Islands 15025: 15019: 15011: 15005: 14999: 14996:South Carolina 14993: 14987: 14980: 14973: 14966: 14960: 14954: 14948: 14942: 14932: 14926: 14920: 14914: 14908: 14902: 14896: 14893:North Carolina 14890: 14884: 14878: 14872: 14866: 14860: 14854: 14848: 14842: 14836: 14830: 14827:Mosquito Coast 14824: 14816: 14810: 14809: 14808: 14796: 14790: 14783: 14777: 14771: 14765: 14759: 14756:Oregon Country 14749: 14745:Cayman Islands 14741: 14735: 14734: 14733: 14727: 14721: 14715: 14703: 14696: 14690: 14684: 14678: 14677: 14676: 14665: 14659: 14651: 14644: 14638: 14632: 14625: 14618: 14611: 14602: 14599: 14598: 14588: 14587: 14584: 14583: 14581: 14580: 14574: 14565: 14550: 14547: 14546: 14544: 14543: 14537: 14534:Trucial States 14531: 14525: 14519: 14513: 14507: 14506: 14505: 14493: 14487: 14481: 14475: 14469: 14468: 14467: 14455: 14449: 14443: 14437: 14431: 14430: 14429: 14423: 14417: 14411: 14399: 14393: 14387: 14381: 14375: 14369: 14363: 14357: 14351: 14345: 14329: 14323: 14317: 14311: 14301: 14295: 14294: 14293: 14281: 14274: 14271: 14270: 14260: 14259: 14256: 14255: 14253: 14252: 14246: 14227:Self-governing 14224: 14210: 14203: 14200: 14199: 14197: 14196: 14190: 14184: 14178: 14170: 14164: 14158: 14152: 14146: 14140: 14134: 14128: 14122: 14116: 14110: 14104: 14096: 14090: 14084: 14078: 14072: 14066: 14060: 14054: 14048: 14042: 14036: 14030: 14020: 14014: 14008: 14002: 13999:Central Africa 13996: 13990: 13984: 13978: 13968: 13958: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13935: 13934: 13931: 13930: 13928: 13927: 13921: 13920: 13919: 13913: 13904: 13903: 13902: 13887: 13884:Ionian Islands 13881: 13875: 13867: 13861: 13855: 13842: 13839: 13838: 13828: 13827: 13825: 13824: 13818: 13812: 13807: 13804: 13798: 13795: 13794: 13787:British Empire 13782: 13781: 13774: 13767: 13759: 13750: 13749: 13747: 13746: 13740: 13734: 13728: 13722: 13716: 13710: 13704: 13698: 13692: 13686: 13680: 13674: 13667: 13664: 13663: 13655: 13654: 13647: 13640: 13632: 13626: 13623: 13622: 13610: 13609: 13603: 13600: 13599: 13596: 13595: 13593: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13540:Cayman Islands 13537: 13532: 13527: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13504: 13502: 13500:United Kingdom 13496: 13495: 13493: 13492: 13487: 13479: 13477: 13471: 13470: 13468: 13467: 13465:Norfolk Island 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13435: 13429: 13427: 13418: 13412: 13411: 13409: 13408: 13403: 13397: 13395: 13389: 13388: 13386: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13373:United Kingdom 13370: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13104: 13102: 13094: 13093: 13082: 13081: 13074: 13067: 13059: 13050: 13049: 13047: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13034:Extreme points 13030: 13028: 13022: 13021: 13019: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12949: 12947: 12943: 12942: 12940: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12908: 12906: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12776: 12774: 12768: 12767: 12765: 12764: 12759: 12749: 12743: 12741: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12706: 12701: 12690: 12688: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12668:British Empire 12664: 12662: 12658: 12657: 12649: 12648: 12641: 12634: 12626: 12620: 12619: 12614: 12607: 12606:External links 12604: 12602: 12601: 12590:(1963), 804pp 12584: 12573:(1963), 908pp 12567: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12539: 12522: 12515: 12502:Wheare, K. C. 12500: 12493: 12479: 12472: 12458: 12443: 12422: 12405: 12388: 12381: 12366: 12359: 12352: 12351:(Brill, 2007). 12347:Lloyd, Lorna. 12345: 12327: 12320: 12313: 12306: 12299: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12283: 12282: 12258: 12234: 12204: 12174: 12143: 12112: 12090: 12078: 12059: 12040: 12019: 11980:(388): 57–70. 11960: 11925: 11895: 11878:Nobelprize.org 11865: 11850: 11820: 11794: 11777: 11746: 11743:. p. B15. 11729: 11712: 11705: 11687: 11652: 11619: 11586: 11575:(2): 145–155. 11559: 11534: 11509: 11484: 11459: 11429: 11399: 11373: 11366: 11348: 11326: 11306: 11271: 11234: 11194: 11175:(394): 19–28. 11151: 11130: 11100: 11068: 11038: 11012: 10976: 10946: 10931: 10913: 10877: 10851: 10827: 10814: 10795: 10775: 10758: 10745: 10726: 10706: 10699: 10679: 10666: 10653: 10623: 10593: 10557: 10527: 10491: 10462: 10436: 10403: 10377: 10343: 10312: 10278: 10247: 10217: 10181: 10151: 10138: 10112: 10072: 10053: 10033: 10008: 9977: 9947: 9918: 9892: 9874: 9844: 9813: 9782: 9751: 9725: 9695: 9662: 9622: 9596: 9563: 9533: 9496: 9453: 9416: 9376: 9357:(353): 45–57. 9336: 9296: 9264: 9221: 9191: 9165: 9139: 9113: 9082: 9061: 9024: 9002: 8973: 8944: 8906: 8876: 8846: 8816: 8786: 8756: 8716: 8680: 8650: 8614: 8612:(New Zealand). 8589: 8554: 8522: 8489: 8459: 8423: 8393: 8363: 8326: 8293: 8272:(3): 351–354. 8258:de Smith, S.A. 8249: 8223: 8201: 8172: 8150: 8125: 8106: 8104:, July 4, 2007 8090: 8060: 8046: 8026: 7996: 7960: 7932: 7912: 7878:World Politics 7867: 7840:(3): 455–468. 7822: 7793: 7778: 7758: 7743: 7723: 7698: 7673: 7634: 7632:(1978) part 3. 7618: 7588: 7558: 7528: 7497: 7467: 7428: 7402: 7372: 7346: 7312: 7276: 7256: 7249: 7229: 7198: 7173: 7160: 7147: 7140: 7120: 7093: 7058: 7031: 7025: 7002: 6968: 6938: 6908: 6886: 6861: 6846: 6828: 6801:(2): 277–285. 6745: 6712: 6699: 6686: 6673: 6660: 6630: 6605: 6580: 6557: 6550: 6532: 6521:on 22 May 2011 6498: 6468: 6451:heritage.nf.ca 6437: 6430: 6411: 6404: 6383: 6366: 6353: 6323: 6275: 6224: 6194: 6183: 6154: 6128: 6098: 6087:on 6 July 2010 6072: 6033: 6003: 5977: 5960:news.bbc.co.uk 5947: 5911: 5876: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5806: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5780: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5754: 5738: 5735: 5725: 5722: 5708: 5705: 5703:celebrations. 5683: 5680: 5666:, modelled on 5622:, New Zealand. 5612:jubilee beacon 5610:Lighting of a 5584: 5581: 5455:Salman Rushdie 5362:British Empire 5308: 5305: 5275:, hosting the 5209: 5206: 5182: 5179: 5154:Main article: 5151: 5148: 5136:Main article: 5133: 5130: 5111:war cemeteries 5082:Main article: 5079: 5076: 4984:Main article: 4981: 4978: 4950:Main article: 4947: 4944: 4915:Main article: 4901: 4898: 4887:European Union 4877:Following its 4860: 4857: 4816: 4813: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4674: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4641: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4620:United Kingdom 4608: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4575: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4476: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4377: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4311: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4245: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4212: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4179: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4047: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3684: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3618: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3519: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3502:1,407,563,842 3500: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3354: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3090: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3057: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2958: 2948: 2947: 2940: 2937: 2929: 2926: 2883: 2880: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2806:, such as the 2708: 2705: 2685:Stephen Harper 2644:military coups 2568:Main article: 2565: 2562: 2459: 2456: 2443:Main article: 2440: 2437: 2386:Main article: 2383: 2380: 2270:decolonisation 2262:King George VI 2246:Main article: 2243: 2240: 2229: 2226: 2192:soldiers from 2156: 2153: 2105: 2102: 2013: 2010: 1940:Main article: 1937: 1934: 1874:Main article: 1871: 1868: 1834:as head after 1828:Prince Charles 1793:Main article: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1723: 1720: 1689:European Union 1684: 1681: 1608:Main article: 1605: 1602: 1510: 1507: 1479:Main article: 1473:imperial India 1456: 1453: 1436:respectively. 1426:tenth province 1397: 1394: 1386:British Empire 1303:Mackenzie King 1273:British Empire 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1232:United Kingdom 1178:decolonisation 1155:British Empire 1129: 1128: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1108:• Density 1107: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1004: 996: 993: 992: 987: 979: 976: 975: 970: 964: 961: 960: 957: 956: 952: 951: 949: 948: 935: 922: 919:United Kingdom 907: 894: 881: 866: 853: 840: 827: 812: 797: 782: 769: 754: 741: 728: 713: 698: 683: 670: 655: 642: 629: 614: 601: 588: 575: 562: 549: 536: 523: 510: 497: 484: 471: 458: 445: 432: 419: 406: 393: 380: 367: 354: 341: 328: 315: 302: 289: 276: 263: 250: 237: 224: 211: 188: 187: 186: 184: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 166: 160: 159: 149: 145: 144: 129: 120: 111: 102: 101: 93: 92: 87: 80: 79: 73: 66: 65: 64: 61: 60: 54: 53: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16112: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16057: 16055: 16036: 16032: 16028: 16023: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16006:Weightlifting 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15898:Cross Country 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15860: 15858: 15854: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15820: 15819: 15817: 15813: 15808: 15801: 15796: 15794: 15789: 15787: 15782: 15781: 15778: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15748: 15746: 15742: 15735: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15706: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15670: 15668: 15666: 15663:Non-cultural 15661: 15658: 15654: 15648: 15647:organizations 15642: 15636: 15630: 15623: 15618: 15616: 15611: 15609: 15604: 15603: 15600: 15588: 15584: 15580: 15578: 15570: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15558: 15555: 15544: 15541: 15537: 15534: 15533: 15528: 15527: 15524: 15517: 15516: 15512: 15509: 15508: 15504: 15499: 15494: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15478: 15475: 15474: 15470: 15467: 15466: 15462: 15459: 15458: 15454: 15451: 15450: 15446: 15445: 15442: 15435: 15431: 15420: 15419:Falklands War 15416: 15414: 15410: 15406: 15405: 15402: 15395: 15394: 15390: 15387: 15386: 15382: 15379: 15376: 15373: 15370: 15367: 15364: 15361: 15358: 15357: 15354: 15350:South America 15347: 15343: 15333: 15329: 15325: 15323: 15319: 15317: 15313: 15312: 15309: 15297: 15294: 15291: 15288: 15285: 15281: 15278: 15274: 15271: 15268: 15265: 15262: 15261: 15259: 15253: 15249: 15246: 15243: 15240: 15239:Union Islands 15237: 15234: 15230: 15227: 15224: 15221: 15218: 15215: 15212: 15209: 15206: 15203: 15200: 15197: 15194: 15191: 15188: 15187: 15183: 15180: 15177: 15174: 15170: 15167: 15164: 15161: 15158: 15155: 15152: 15149: 15146: 15142: 15139: 15136: 15133: 15132: 15130: 15129: 15125: 15122: 15121: 15116: 15107: 15102: 15100: 15095: 15093: 15088: 15087: 15084: 15080: 15069: 15066: 15063: 15060: 15055: 15052: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15043: 15040: 15037: 15034: 15031: 15030: 15026: 15023: 15020: 15017: 15016: 15012: 15009: 15006: 15003: 15000: 14997: 14994: 14991: 14988: 14985: 14981: 14978: 14974: 14971: 14967: 14964: 14961: 14958: 14955: 14952: 14951:Rupert's Land 14949: 14946: 14943: 14940: 14936: 14933: 14930: 14927: 14924: 14921: 14918: 14915: 14912: 14911:Paulet affair 14909: 14906: 14903: 14900: 14897: 14894: 14891: 14888: 14885: 14882: 14879: 14876: 14873: 14870: 14867: 14864: 14861: 14858: 14857:New Hampshire 14855: 14852: 14849: 14846: 14845:New Brunswick 14843: 14840: 14837: 14834: 14831: 14828: 14825: 14822: 14821: 14817: 14814: 14811: 14806: 14803: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14794: 14791: 14788: 14784: 14781: 14778: 14775: 14772: 14769: 14766: 14763: 14760: 14757: 14753: 14750: 14747: 14746: 14742: 14739: 14736: 14731: 14728: 14725: 14722: 14719: 14716: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14708: 14704: 14701: 14697: 14694: 14691: 14688: 14685: 14682: 14679: 14675: 14672: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14663: 14660: 14657: 14656: 14652: 14649: 14645: 14642: 14639: 14636: 14633: 14630: 14626: 14623: 14619: 14616: 14612: 14609: 14608: 14604: 14603: 14600: 14596:North America 14593: 14589: 14579: 14575: 14573: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14560: 14556: 14552: 14551: 14548: 14541: 14538: 14535: 14532: 14529: 14526: 14523: 14520: 14517: 14516:South Vietnam 14514: 14511: 14508: 14503: 14500: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14491: 14488: 14485: 14482: 14479: 14476: 14473: 14470: 14465: 14462: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14453: 14450: 14447: 14444: 14441: 14438: 14435: 14432: 14427: 14424: 14421: 14418: 14415: 14412: 14409: 14406: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14397: 14394: 14391: 14388: 14385: 14382: 14379: 14376: 14373: 14370: 14367: 14364: 14361: 14358: 14355: 14352: 14349: 14346: 14343: 14339: 14335: 14334: 14330: 14327: 14324: 14321: 14318: 14315: 14312: 14309: 14305: 14302: 14299: 14296: 14291: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14279: 14276: 14275: 14272: 14265: 14261: 14251: 14247: 14244: 14240: 14236: 14232: 14228: 14225: 14222: 14218: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14205: 14204: 14201: 14194: 14191: 14188: 14185: 14182: 14179: 14176: 14175: 14171: 14168: 14165: 14162: 14159: 14156: 14153: 14150: 14147: 14144: 14141: 14138: 14135: 14132: 14129: 14126: 14123: 14120: 14117: 14114: 14111: 14108: 14105: 14102: 14101: 14097: 14094: 14091: 14088: 14085: 14082: 14079: 14076: 14073: 14070: 14067: 14064: 14061: 14058: 14055: 14052: 14049: 14046: 14043: 14040: 14037: 14034: 14031: 14028: 14024: 14021: 14018: 14015: 14012: 14009: 14006: 14003: 14000: 13997: 13994: 13991: 13988: 13985: 13982: 13979: 13976: 13972: 13969: 13966: 13962: 13959: 13956: 13955: 13951: 13950: 13947: 13940: 13936: 13925: 13922: 13917: 13914: 13911: 13908: 13907: 13905: 13900: 13897: 13896: 13891: 13888: 13885: 13882: 13879: 13876: 13873: 13872: 13868: 13865: 13862: 13859: 13856: 13853: 13849: 13848: 13844: 13843: 13840: 13833: 13829: 13823: 13819: 13817: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13805: 13800: 13799: 13796: 13792: 13788: 13780: 13775: 13773: 13768: 13766: 13761: 13760: 13757: 13744: 13741: 13738: 13735: 13732: 13729: 13726: 13723: 13720: 13717: 13714: 13711: 13708: 13705: 13702: 13699: 13696: 13693: 13690: 13687: 13684: 13681: 13678: 13675: 13672: 13669: 13668: 13665: 13661: 13653: 13648: 13646: 13641: 13639: 13634: 13633: 13630: 13624: 13617: 13607: 13601: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13525: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13505: 13503: 13501: 13497: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13485: 13481: 13480: 13478: 13476: 13472: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13440: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13426: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13413: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13398: 13396: 13394: 13390: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13099: 13095: 13091: 13087: 13080: 13075: 13073: 13068: 13066: 13061: 13060: 13057: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13031: 13029: 13027: 13023: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12995: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12950: 12948: 12944: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12901: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12777: 12775: 12773: 12769: 12763: 12760: 12757: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12740: 12736: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12714: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12699: 12695: 12692: 12691: 12689: 12685: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12673:Key documents 12671: 12669: 12666: 12665: 12663: 12659: 12654: 12647: 12642: 12640: 12635: 12633: 12628: 12627: 12624: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12609: 12600: 12596: 12593: 12589: 12585: 12583: 12579: 12576: 12572: 12568: 12565: 12561: 12558: 12554: 12549: 12548: 12538: 12534: 12531: 12527: 12523: 12520: 12516: 12513: 12509: 12505: 12501: 12498: 12494: 12492: 12488: 12484: 12480: 12477: 12473: 12471: 12467: 12463: 12459: 12456: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12441: 12437: 12433: 12429: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12417: 12414: 12410: 12406: 12404: 12400: 12397: 12393: 12389: 12386: 12382: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12367: 12364: 12360: 12357: 12353: 12350: 12346: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12331:Jebb, Richard 12328: 12325: 12321: 12318: 12314: 12311: 12307: 12304: 12300: 12297: 12293: 12292: 12278: 12274: 12273: 12268: 12262: 12254: 12250: 12249: 12244: 12238: 12222: 12218: 12214: 12208: 12192: 12188: 12184: 12178: 12162: 12158: 12154: 12147: 12131: 12127: 12123: 12116: 12110: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12094: 12087: 12082: 12066: 12062: 12056: 12052: 12051: 12044: 12038: 12034: 12031: 12028: 12023: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11987: 11983: 11979: 11975: 11971: 11964: 11957: 11953: 11950: 11949:J. M. Coetzee 11946: 11945:Hilary Mantel 11942: 11938: 11935: 11934:J. G. Farrell 11929: 11913: 11909: 11905: 11899: 11883: 11879: 11875: 11869: 11861: 11854: 11838: 11834: 11830: 11824: 11808: 11804: 11798: 11790: 11789: 11781: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11750: 11742: 11741: 11733: 11726:. p. 21. 11725: 11724: 11716: 11708: 11706:9781849545464 11702: 11698: 11691: 11675: 11671: 11670: 11664: 11656: 11640: 11636: 11635: 11630: 11623: 11614: 11609: 11605: 11601: 11597: 11590: 11582: 11578: 11574: 11570: 11563: 11548: 11547:RSL Australia 11544: 11538: 11523: 11519: 11518:"Remembrance" 11513: 11498: 11494: 11488: 11473: 11469: 11463: 11447: 11443: 11439: 11433: 11417: 11413: 11409: 11403: 11387: 11383: 11377: 11369: 11363: 11359: 11352: 11344: 11343: 11335: 11333: 11331: 11323:. p. 29. 11322: 11321: 11313: 11311: 11301: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11287: 11282: 11275: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11247: 11246: 11238: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11209: 11201: 11199: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11169: 11164: 11163:McKinnon, Don 11158: 11156: 11147: 11143: 11137: 11135: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11104: 11088: 11084: 11083: 11078: 11072: 11056: 11052: 11048: 11042: 11027:on 3 May 2012 11026: 11022: 11016: 10997: 10993: 10986: 10980: 10964: 10960: 10956: 10950: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10928: 10924: 10917: 10898: 10894: 10887: 10881: 10865: 10861: 10855: 10844: 10837: 10831: 10824: 10818: 10802: 10798: 10792: 10788: 10787: 10779: 10772: 10762: 10755: 10749: 10733: 10729: 10723: 10719: 10718: 10710: 10702: 10696: 10692: 10691: 10683: 10676: 10670: 10663: 10657: 10641: 10637: 10633: 10627: 10611: 10607: 10603: 10597: 10578: 10574: 10567: 10561: 10545: 10541: 10537: 10531: 10512: 10508: 10501: 10495: 10479: 10472: 10466: 10450: 10446: 10440: 10424: 10420: 10419: 10414: 10407: 10391: 10387: 10381: 10365: 10361: 10357: 10350: 10348: 10331: 10327: 10323: 10316: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10285: 10283: 10266: 10262: 10258: 10251: 10235: 10231: 10227: 10221: 10202: 10198: 10191: 10185: 10169: 10165: 10161: 10155: 10148: 10142: 10126: 10122: 10116: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10082: 10076: 10060: 10056: 10050: 10046: 10045: 10037: 10022: 10018: 10012: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9981: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9951: 9935: 9931: 9925: 9923: 9906: 9902: 9896: 9888: 9884: 9878: 9862: 9858: 9854: 9848: 9832: 9828: 9824: 9817: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9786: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9755: 9739: 9735: 9729: 9713: 9709: 9705: 9699: 9683: 9679: 9675: 9669: 9667: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9637: 9632: 9631:Ingram, Derek 9626: 9610: 9606: 9600: 9584: 9580: 9574: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9537: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9508: 9500: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9465:Ingram, Derek 9460: 9458: 9449: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9434:(394): 3–17. 9433: 9429: 9428: 9420: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9391: 9386: 9385:Ingram, Derek 9380: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9345:Ingram, Derek 9340: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9316: 9312: 9311: 9306: 9305:Ingram, Derek 9300: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9279: 9274: 9273:Ingram, Derek 9268: 9260: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9237: 9232: 9225: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9179: 9175: 9169: 9153: 9149: 9143: 9127: 9123: 9117: 9106: 9102: 9095: 9089: 9087: 9078: 9074: 9068: 9066: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9036: 9028: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9006: 8990: 8986: 8980: 8978: 8961: 8957: 8951: 8949: 8932: 8928: 8927: 8921: 8913: 8911: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8880: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8850: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8820: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8790: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8760: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8731: 8726: 8720: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8695: 8690: 8684: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8654: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8629: 8624: 8618: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8593: 8574: 8567: 8561: 8559: 8542: 8538: 8537: 8536:The New Times 8532: 8526: 8510: 8506: 8505: 8500: 8493: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8463: 8444: 8437: 8430: 8428: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8397: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8367: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8338: 8330: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8300: 8298: 8289: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8260:(July 1949). 8259: 8253: 8237: 8233: 8227: 8211: 8205: 8190: 8189:UK Parliament 8183: 8176: 8161: 8154: 8139: 8135: 8129: 8122: 8118: 8115: 8110: 8103: 8099: 8094: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8064: 8049: 8043: 8039: 8038: 8030: 8014: 8010: 8007:. Australia: 8006: 8000: 7981: 7977: 7970: 7964: 7957: 7949: 7942: 7936: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7916: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7885:(4): 577–87. 7884: 7880: 7879: 7871: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7834: 7826: 7818: 7814: 7811:(3): 451–73. 7810: 7806: 7805: 7797: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7779:9781928331124 7775: 7771: 7770: 7762: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7744:9781928331124 7740: 7736: 7735: 7727: 7712: 7708: 7707:"Immigration" 7702: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7669: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7654:(1): 93–122. 7653: 7649: 7645: 7638: 7631: 7625: 7623: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7562: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7501: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7417: 7413: 7406: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7360: 7356: 7350: 7334: 7330: 7329:The Telegraph 7326: 7319: 7317: 7300: 7296: 7295: 7290: 7283: 7281: 7272: 7271: 7270:The New Times 7263: 7261: 7252: 7246: 7242: 7241: 7233: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7202: 7194: 7190: 7189:The Telegraph 7185: 7177: 7170: 7164: 7157: 7151: 7143: 7137: 7133: 7132: 7124: 7108: 7104: 7097: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7062: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7035: 7028: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7006: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6972: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6942: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6905: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6865: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6839: 6832: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6749: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6727:The Telegraph 6723: 6716: 6709: 6703: 6696: 6690: 6683: 6677: 6670: 6664: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6619: 6615: 6609: 6594: 6590: 6584: 6577: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6561: 6553: 6547: 6543: 6536: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6511:parliament.nz 6508: 6502: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6472: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6441: 6433: 6427: 6423: 6422: 6415: 6407: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6364:(2005) p. 142 6363: 6357: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6327: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6279: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6240: 6235: 6228: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6192: 6187: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6158: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6102: 6086: 6082: 6076: 6069: 6068: 6050: 6043: 6037: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6007: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5915: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5873: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5846: 5829: 5825: 5814: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5755: 5752: 5746: 5741: 5734: 5732: 5721: 5719: 5714: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5644:parliamentary 5641: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5580: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5548: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5527:Patrick White 5524: 5520: 5519:Derek Walcott 5516: 5512: 5508: 5507:J. M. Coetzee 5504: 5500: 5496: 5495:Chinua Achebe 5493: 5488: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5475:V. S. Naipaul 5472: 5471: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5441:Doris Lessing 5438: 5437: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5414:Graham Greene 5411: 5410:R. K. Narayan 5407: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5394: 5393:New Zealander 5390: 5389: 5384: 5381: 5374: 5369: 5365: 5363: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5331: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5297: 5294: 5289: 5286: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5188: 5178: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5139: 5129: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5107: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5022:were held in 5021: 5017: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4959: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4918: 4911: 4906: 4897: 4895: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4872: 4866: 4856: 4854: 4851:replaced the 4850: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4809:British India 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4751: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4724:2,418,964,000 4722: 4720: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4609: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4477: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4312: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4279: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4213: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4060: 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3369: 3367: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3004: 2992: 2978: 2957: 2956:Member states 2953: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2903:homosexuality 2901: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2879: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2859:of 1979, and 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693:David Cameron 2690: 2689:Deepak Obhrai 2686: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2629:Robert Mugabe 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2613:military coup 2610: 2606: 2605:Ken Saro-Wiwa 2602: 2595: 2594:Robert Mugabe 2591: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2486:newly elected 2483: 2478: 2474: 2472: 2465: 2455: 2452: 2446: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2234: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2169: 2166: 2161: 2152: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130:supreme court 2127: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2009: 2007: 2003: 2002:Emeka Anyaoku 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1770:Robert Dussey 1767: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1673: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1574: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541:protectorates 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1343:Lord Rosebery 1339: 1335: 1331: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1171:organisations 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1102:2,418,964,000 1101: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1068:28 April 1949 1067: 1063: 1056: 1050: 1046: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1024: 1020: 1017:Establishment 1015: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1001: 994: 991: 988: 984: 977: 974: 971: 968: 962: 958: 953: 947: 936: 934: 923: 920: 908: 906: 895: 893: 882: 879: 867: 865: 854: 852: 841: 839: 828: 825: 813: 810: 798: 795: 783: 781: 770: 767: 755: 753: 742: 740: 729: 726: 714: 711: 699: 696: 684: 682: 671: 668: 656: 654: 643: 641: 630: 627: 615: 613: 602: 600: 589: 587: 576: 574: 563: 561: 550: 548: 537: 535: 524: 522: 511: 509: 498: 496: 485: 483: 472: 470: 459: 457: 446: 444: 433: 431: 420: 418: 407: 405: 394: 392: 381: 379: 368: 366: 355: 353: 342: 340: 329: 327: 316: 314: 303: 301: 290: 288: 277: 275: 264: 262: 251: 249: 238: 236: 225: 223: 212: 208: 195: 194: 191: 185: 183:Member states 181: 178: 175: 171: 167: 165: 161: 157: 153: 150: 146: 141: 136: 127: 118: 109: 99: 94: 84: 76: 70: 62: 57: 51: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 15986:Table Tennis 15957:Powerlifting 15948:Orienteering 15878:Bodybuilding 15807:Commonwealth 15806: 15750: 15530: 15513: 15505: 15471: 15463: 15455: 15449:Saint Helena 15447: 15391: 15383: 15233:Cook Islands 15184: 15157:New Hebrides 15126:20th century 15042:West Florida 15027: 15013: 14945:Rhode Island 14923:Pennsylvania 14881:Newfoundland 14818: 14743: 14693:East Florida 14664:16th c.–1880 14653: 14605: 14502:Crown Colony 14490:Pulo Condore 14464:Crown Colony 14458:North Borneo 14331: 14290:Protectorate 14239:unrecognised 14233:in 1965 (as 14172: 14125:South Africa 14113:Sierra Leone 14100:Saint Helena 14098: 14093:Orange River 13971:Bechuanaland 13952: 13910:Protectorate 13869: 13845: 13821: 13809: 13789:and Current 13659: 13522: 13482: 13437: 13401:Cook Islands 13333:South Africa 13318:Sierra Leone 13089: 12993: 12652: 12587: 12570: 12551: 12525: 12518: 12503: 12496: 12482: 12475: 12461: 12446: 12445:Moore, R.J. 12427: 12408: 12391: 12384: 12369: 12362: 12355: 12348: 12340: 12323: 12316: 12309: 12302: 12295: 12270: 12261: 12246: 12237: 12225:. 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