67:
2026:
undertook the
Alternative Warhead Program (AWP) to assess and recommend technologies to reduce or eliminate cluster munition failures, as some 80 percent of U.S. military cluster weapons reside in Army artillery stockpiles. In July 2012, the U.S. fired at a target area with 36 Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) unitary warhead rockets. Analysis indicated that capability gaps existed as cluster munitions require approval by the Combatant Commander which reduced the advantage of responsive precision fire. The same effect could have been made by four Alternative Warhead (AW) GMLRS rockets under development by the AWP to engage the same target set as cluster munitions. Without access to the AW, the operation required using nine times as many rockets, cost nine times as much ($ 3.6 million compared to $ 400,000), and took 40 times as long (more than 20 minutes compared to less than 30 seconds) to execute.
1855:(ICRC) and a number of UN agencies, joined by approximately 30 governments, for international governmental negotiations to develop specific measures that would address the humanitarian problems cluster munitions pose. This did not prove possible in the conventional multilateral forum. After a reversal in the US position, in 2007 deliberations did begin on cluster munitions within the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. There was a concerted effort led by the US to develop a new protocol to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, but this proposal was rejected by over 50 states, together with civil society, ICRC and UN agencies. The discussions ended with no result in November 2011, leaving the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions as the single international standard on the weapons.
48:
1144:
2471:
250:, the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Some munitions specifically intended for anti-tank use can be set to self-destruct if they reach the ground without locating a target, theoretically reducing the risk of unintended civilian deaths and injuries. Although smart submunition weapons are much more expensive than standard cluster bombs, fewer smart submunitions are required to defeat dispersed and mobile targets, partly offsetting their cost. Because they are designed to prevent indiscriminate area effects and unexploded ordnance risks, some smart munitions are excluded from coverage by the Convention on Cluster Munitions.
2507:
2142:
2241:
3136:
2627:
2742:
2206:
710:
2335:
2527:
3656:
3011:
2414:
1831:
3643:
1226:
2583:
1863:
3591:
2968:
2519:
1452:
2567:
1818:(Protocol V to the 1980 Convention), 28 November 2003 occasionally address some of the problems associated with the use of cluster munitions, in particular Article 9, which mandates States Parties to "take generic preventive measures aimed at minimising the occurrence of explosive remnants of war". In June 2006, Belgium was the first country to issue a ban on the use (carrying), transportation, export, stockpiling, trade and production of cluster munitions, and Austria followed suit on 7 December 2007.
1394:
29:
2996:
2796:
2276:
2537:
1520:
1338:
208:
3630:
3550:
3494:
2921:
2343:
2321:
3335:
2811:
3348:
2824:
12255:
3669:
3322:
3055:
2494:
2087:
2358:
3682:
3520:
3269:
2890:
3708:
3203:
3123:
3108:
2151:
3604:
3534:
3413:
2905:
2837:
2401:
2114:
3216:
3177:
3081:
3068:
2641:
2427:
2291:
2164:
2100:
2074:
3468:
3387:
3229:
3190:
3042:
2863:
2262:
2192:
3617:
3507:
3361:
3309:
3296:
3150:
2981:
2765:
2228:
3242:
2701:
3565:
2375:
3695:
3578:
3455:
3374:
3164:
2656:
2612:
2388:
2249:
2128:
1776:
2686:
3400:
3427:
3283:
2750:
2728:
2214:
2953:
3442:
3094:
2850:
2598:
3481:
2877:
2670:
2308:
2178:
259:
3255:
2937:
2780:
2715:
867:, Israel dropped up to four million submunitions on Lebanese soil, of which one million remain unexploded. According to a report prepared by Lionel Beehner for the Council on Foreign Relations, the United States restocked Israel's arsenal of cluster bombs, triggering a State Department investigation to determine whether Israel had violated secret agreements it had signed with the United States on their use.
2481:
1984:
1822:
banning cluster munitions, along the lines of the legislation adopted in
Belgium and Austria will now turn to ratification of the global ban treaty. Norway and Ireland have national legislation prohibiting cluster munitions and were able to deposit their instruments of ratification to the Convention on Cluster Munitions immediately after signing it in Oslo on 3 December 2008.
133:
371:. Unguided shaped-charge submunitions are designed to be effective against entrenchments that incorporate overhead cover. To simplify supply and increase battlefield effectiveness by allowing a single type of round to be used against nearly any target, submunitions that incorporate both fragmentation and shaped-charge effects are produced.
462:, this use of the cluster bombs violated the legal agreement between Israel and the U.S. because the weapons had been provided for defensive purposes against an attack on Israel. Israel also transferred American weapons to Saad Haddad's Lebanese militia, a violation of American law. Carter's administration prepared to notify
1471:, when US forces dropped humanitarian rations from airplanes with similar yellow-colored packaging as the BLU-97/B, yellow being the NATO standard colour for high explosive filler in air weapons. The rations packaging was later changed first to blue and then to clear in the hope of avoiding such hazardous confusion.
290:, and can be combined anti-personnel and anti-tank submunitions to hamper firefighting efforts. In urban areas they have been preceded by the use of conventional explosive bombs to fracture the roofs and walls of buildings to expose their flammable contents. One of the earliest examples is the so-called
2051:
On 30 November 2017, the
Pentagon put off indefinitely their planned ban on using cluster bombs after 2018, as they had been unable to produce submunitions with failure rates of 1% or less. Since it is unclear how long it might take to achieve that standard, a months-long policy review concluded the
2010:
The U.S. was initially against any CCW limitation negotiations, but dropped its opposition in June 2007. Cluster munitions have been determined as needed for ensuring the country's national security interests, but measures were taken to address humanitarian concerns of their use, as well as pursuing
1960:
Taking effect on 1 August 2010, the
Convention on Cluster Munitions bans the stockpiling, use and transfer of virtually all existing cluster bombs and provides for the clearing up of unexploded munitions. It had been signed by 108 countries, of which 38 had ratified it by the affected date, but many
1919:
had subscribed to the
Wellington Declaration and participated in the Dublin Diplomatic Conference from 19 to 30 May 2008. At the end of this conference, 107 countries agreed to adopt the Convention on Cluster Munitions, that bans cluster munitions and was opened for signature in Oslo on 3–4 December
1806:
known as the Oslo
Process which was launched in February 2007 to prohibit cluster munitions. More than 100 countries agreed to the text of the resulting Convention on Cluster Munitions in May 2008 which sets out a comprehensive ban on these weapons. This treaty was signed by 94 states in Oslo on 3–4
1248:
On 7 December 2022, it was revealed that
Ukraine was seeking access to US stockpiles of cluster munitions, due to a shortage of ammunition for HIMARS type and 155 mm artillery systems. The US has stockpiled its cluster munitions and had been considering the Ukrainian request. Ukraine claimed it
2553:
At least 31 nations have produced cluster munitions in recent history (since the creation of the United
Nations). Many of these nations still have stocks of these munitions. Most (but not all) of them are involved in recent wars or long unsolved international conflicts; however most of them did not
2006:
U.S. arguments favoring the use of cluster munitions are that their use reduces the number of aircraft and artillery systems needed to support military operations and if they were eliminated, significantly more money would have to be spent on new weapons, ammunition, and logistical resources. Also,
1945:
became the 30th state to deposit its instrument of ratification for the
Convention on Cluster Munitions. This means that the number of States required for the Convention to enter into force had been reached. The treaty's obligations became legally binding on the 30 ratifying States on 1 August 2010
1858:
In
February 2006, Belgium announced its decision to ban the weapon by law. Then Norway announced a national moratorium in June and Austria announced its decision in July to work for an international instrument on the weapon. The international controversy over the use and impact of cluster munitions
1842:
to ban land mines, and some of the Protocols in the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons that also help clearing the lands contaminated by left munitions after the end of conflicts and provides international assistance to the affected populations. However, until the adoption of the Convention
1821:
There has been legislative activity on cluster munitions in several countries, including Austria, Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States. In some of these countries, ongoing discussions concerning draft legislation
1509:
Israel used cluster bombs in Lebanon in 1978 and in the 1980s. Those weapons used more than two decades ago by Israel continue to affect Lebanon. During the 2006 war in Lebanon, Israel fired large numbers of cluster bombs in Lebanon, containing an estimated more than 4 million cluster submunitions.
1376:
Because of the weapon's broad area of effect, they have often been documented as striking both civilian and military objects in the target area. This characteristic of the weapon is particularly problematic for civilians when cluster munitions are used in or near populated areas, as documented in a
829:
Two types of cluster munitions were transferred to Israel from the U.S. The first was the CBU-58 which uses the BLU-63 bomblet. This cluster bomb is no longer in production. The second was the MK-20 Rockeye, produced by Honeywell Incorporated in Minneapolis. The CBU-58 was used by Israel in Lebanon
3879:
According to Pax Christi, a Netherlands-based NGO, in 2009, around 137 financial institutions financed cluster munition production. Out of 137 institutions, 63 were based in the US, another 18 in the EU (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy etc.), 16 were based in China, 4 in Singapore, 3 in
3029:
As of September 2022, at least 51 countries have stockpiles of cluster munitions. Countries listed in bold have signed and ratified the Convention on Cluster Munitions, agreeing in principle that their stockpiles should be destroyed. Countries listed in italic have signed, but not yet ratified the
2025:
The U.S. Army ceased procurement of GMLRS cluster rockets in December 2008 because of a submunition dud rate as high as five percent. Pentagon policy was to have all cluster munitions used after 2018 to have a submunition unexploded ordnance rate of less than one percent. To achieve this, the Army
1474:
As of 1993, the US military was developing new cluster bombs that it claimed could have a much lower (less than 1%) dud rate. Sensor-fused weapons that contain a limited number of submunitions that are capable of autonomously engaging armored targets may provide a viable, if costly, alternative to
1348:
While all weapons are dangerous, cluster bombs pose a particular threat to civilians for two reasons: they have a wide area of effect, and they consistently leave behind a large number of unexploded bomblets. The unexploded bomblets can remain dangerous for decades after the end of a conflict. For
1312:
relied on average only 1.7 shells to kill an enemy soldier. RUSI used an example of a trench, a direct hit by a high explosive round will spread shrapnel "within line of sight of the point of detonation". This also reduces the wear and tear on the barrels of 155 mm artillery weapons systems.
1202:
on the morning of 25 February 2022. A 220 mm Uragan rocket dropped cluster munitions on a kindergarten in the town. As a result of that, people were killed, including a child. The same day, non-precision guided missiles bearing cluster munitions were deployed against Kharkiv, killing at least
972:
prepared a report on incidents in Sri Lanka between January and May 2009 that could constitute violations of international humanitarian law or crimes against humanity. This report documented the use of cluster munitions by Sri Lanka’s government forces. Photos and eyewitness accounts described the
1280:
said that the munitions "would be useful, especially against dug-in Russian positions on the battlefield." According to the Pentagon, Ukraine will receive an "improved" version of cluster munitions with a failure rate of about 2 percent, while the Russian cluster bombs fail at 40 percent or more.
988:
region of Sri Lanka was bombed. The Sri Lankan military has been accused of bombing the hospital with cluster munitions, but cluster bombs were not used in the bombing of the hospital. The government has denied using cluster munitions, but in 2012 unexploded cluster bombs were found, according to
881:
said there was evidence that Israel had used cluster bombs very close to civilian areas and described them as "unacceptably inaccurate and unreliable weapons when used around civilians" and that "they should never be used in populated areas". Human Rights Watch has accused Israel of using cluster
676:
Overall during the operation, at least 23 Serb civilians were killed by cluster munitions. At least six Serbs, including three children were killed by bomblets after the operation ended, and up to 23 square kilometres (8.9 sq mi) in six areas remain "cluster contaminated", according to
1850:
International governmental deliberations in the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons turned on the broader problem of explosive remnants of war, a problem to which cluster munitions have contributed in a significant way. There were consistent calls from the Cluster Munition Coalition, the
2065:
At least 25 countries have used cluster munitions in recent history (since the creation of the United Nations). Countries listed in bold have signed and ratified the Convention on Cluster Munitions, agreeing in principle to ban cluster bombs. Countries listed in italic have signed, but not yet
1292:
warned Ukraine of using cluster munitions on Twitter writing: "It would be the greatest danger for Ukrainians for many years or up to a hundred years if cluster bombs are used in Russian-occupied areas in the territory of Ukraine," Sen further cited his country's "painful experience" from the
874:
wanted to launch an investigation into the use of cluster bombs during the Lebanon war. Halutz claimed that some cluster bombs had been fired against his direct order, which stated that cluster bombs should be used with extreme caution and not be fired into populated areas. The IDF apparently
1482:
developed a 120 mm caliber mortar bomb which contained 21 anti-armor submunitions. What made the 120 mm "Espin" unique was the electrical impact fusing system which totally eliminated dangerous duds. The system operated on a capacitor in each submunition which was charged by a wind
215:
A basic cluster bomb consists of a hollow shell and then two to more than 2,000 submunitions or bomblets contained within it. Some types are dispensers that are designed to be retained by the aircraft after releasing their munitions. The submunitions themselves may be fitted with small
1417:
or in some cases the weapons are designed to detonate at a later stage. In both cases, the surviving bomblets are live and can explode when handled, making them a serious threat to civilians and military personnel entering the area. In effect, the UXOs can function like land mines.
466:
that American weapons were being used illegally, which would have resulted in military aid to Israel being cut off. The American consul in Jerusalem informed the Israeli government of their plans and, according to Carter, Prime Minister Begin said that the operation was over.
387:
in 1999. These consist of a TMD (Tactical Munitions Dispenser) filled with 202 submunitions. Each submunition contains a small explosive charge that disperses 147 reels of fine conductive fiber of either carbon or aluminum-coated glass. Their purpose is to disrupt and damage
993:’s mine action group in Sri Lanka. An article published by The Guardian in 2016 provided photographic evidence and testimonies from former de-miners and civilians pointing to the use of Russian-made cluster bombs in areas that the government had declared as "no-fire zones."
6515:
1467:, are brightly colored to increase their visibility and warn off civilians. However, the yellow color, coupled with their small and nonthreatening appearance, is attractive to young children who wrongly believe them to be toys. This problem was exacerbated in the
2021:
stated that the U.S. military relies upon cluster munitions as an important part of their war strategy. Mull emphasized that "U.S. forces simply cannot fight by design or by doctrine without holding out at least the possibility of using cluster munitions."
1364:
called for cluster munitions to be prohibited and collected hundreds of thousands of signatures to support its call. 98% of 13,306 recorded cluster munitions casualties that are registered with Handicap International are civilians, while 27% are children.
1483:
generator in the nose of the projectile after being fired. If for whatever reason the electrical fuse fails to function on impact, approximately 5 minutes later the capacitor bleeds out, therefore neutralizing the submunition's electronic fuse system.
1281:
However, according to a report prepared for Congress, experts in cleanup operations "have frequently reported failure rates of 10% to 30%." The failure rate of cluster munitions used by Ukraine is reportedly as high as 20 percent. Paul Hannon, of the
1443:
Given that each cluster bomb can contain hundreds of bomblets and be fired in volleys, even a small failure rate can lead each strike to leave behind hundreds or thousands of UXOs scattered randomly across the strike area. For example, after the
952:
of using RBK-250 cluster bombs during the conflict. A high-ranking Russian military official denied use of cluster bombs. The Dutch government, after investigating the death of a Dutch citizen, claimed that a cluster munition was propelled by an
1372:
rocket can effectively cover an area of 0.23 km (57 acres). In US and most allied services, the M26 has been replaced by the M30 guided missile fired from the MLRS. The M30 has greater range and accuracy but a smaller area of coverage.
227:
Modern cluster bombs and submunition dispensers can be multiple-purpose weapons containing a combination of anti-armor, anti-personnel, and anti-materiel munitions. The submunitions themselves may also be multi-purpose, such as combining a
766:. At multiple times, coalition forces used cluster munitions in residential areas, and the country remains among the most contaminated to this day, bomblets posing a threat to both US military personnel in the area, and local civilians.
1968:
The Convention on Cluster Munitions entered into force on 1 August 2010, six months after it was ratified by 30 states. As of 26 September 2018, a total of 120 states had joined the Convention, as 104 States parties and 16 signatories.
1030:, who blogs on military hardware and tactics used in Syria under the pseudonym 'Brown Moses', compiled a list of the videos showing cluster munition remnants in Syria's various governorates." The type of bombs have been reported to be
10194:
1052:, which erupted in the capital Juba on 15 December 2013 before spreading to other parts of the country. According to UNMAS, the site was contaminated with the remnants of up to eight cluster bombs and an unknown quantity of bomblets.
1811:(CCW) where five years of discussions failed to find an adequate response to these weapons. The Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) is campaigning for the widespread accession to and ratification of the Convention on Cluster Munitions.
1047:
Cluster bombs remnants were discovered by a UN de-mining team in February 2014 on a section of road near the Jonglei state capital, Bor. The strategic town was the scene of heavy fighting, changing hands several times during the
2052:
deadline should be postponed; deployment of existing cluster weapons is left to commanders' discretion to authorize their use when deemed necessary "until sufficient quantities" of safer versions are developed and fielded.
342:
with delay and booby-trap fusing to hamper firefighting and other damage-control efforts in the target areas. They were also used with a contact fuze when attacking entrenchments. These weapons were widely used during the
1903:
In addition, the ICRC held an experts meeting on cluster munitions in April 2007 which helped clarify technical, legal, military and humanitarian aspects of the weapon with a view to developing an international response.
1846:
To increase pressure for governments to come to an international treaty on 13 November 2003, the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) was established with the goal of addressing the impact of cluster munitions on civilians.
545:
in 1992–1994 led to the use of cluster munitions against military and civilian targets in the region. As of 2010, 93 km (36 sq mi) remain off-limits due to contamination with unexploded cluster ordnance.
1210:
announced on 30 March 2022 that they had credible reports indicating that Russian armed forces had used cluster munitions in populated areas of Ukraine at least 24 times since the start of the conflict on 24 February.
1245:. HRMMU confirmed at least 15 civilian deaths, and 36 injured in this incident, and at the time of its report was working to corroborate other alleged casualties and whether they were caused by cluster sub-munitions.
751:
estimated that 1.2 to 1.5 million submunitions did not explode. According to human rights organizations, unexploded submunitions have caused over 4,000 civilian casualties, including 1,600 deaths, in Iraq and Kuwait.
7399:
1009:
These reports were denied by the government, and the Secretary of State of the US, Hillary Clinton said she was "not aware" of the specific use of cluster or other indiscriminate weapons in Misurata even though a
66:
497:
During the Soviet-Afghan War, the Soviets dealt harshly with Mujaheddin rebels and those who supported them, including leveling entire villages to deny safe havens to their enemy and the usage of cluster bombs.
2554:
use the munitions they produced. Countries listed in bold have signed and ratified the Convention on Cluster Munitions, agreeing in principle to ban cluster bombs. As of February 2024, countries marked with an
672:
Reports claimed that 15 civilians were killed, 8 civilians were seriously injured, 11 civilians had sustained minor injuries, 120 housing units were damaged and 47 were destroyed and that 15 cars were damaged.
1492:
In Vietnam, people are still being killed as a result of cluster bombs and other objects left by the US and Vietnamese military forces. Hundreds of people are killed or injured annually by unexploded ordnance.
10273:
882:
munitions in an attack on Bilda, a Lebanese village, on 19 July which killed 1 civilian and injured 12, including 7 children. The Israeli "army defended ... the use of cluster munitions in its offensive with
1038:
in December 2012 by the Syrian government. According to the seventh annual Cluster Munition Report, there is ″compelling evidence″ that Russia has used cluster munitions during their involvement in Syria.
7653:
6692:
123:
upon ratifying states on 1 August 2010, six months after being ratified by 30 states. As of 10 February 2022, a total of 123 states have joined the Convention, as 110 states parties and 13 signatories.
1320:
claimed that Russia had "sufficient stockpiles" of its own cluster munitions and threatened to take "reciprocal action" if Ukraine used US-supplied cluster munitions against Russian forces in Ukraine.
779:
reported that "the Pentagon presented a misleading picture during the war of the extent to which cluster weapons were being used and of the civilian casualties they were causing." On 26 April, General
367:. In some cases, guidance is used to increase the likelihood of successfully hitting a vehicle. Modern guided submunitions, such as those found in the U.S. CBU-97, can use either a shaped charge or an
6833:
1 Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, "Unexploded Ordnance Report," table 2-3, p. 5. No date, but transmitted to the U.S. Congress on February 29, 2000
1349:
example, while the United States cluster bombing of Laos stopped in 1973, cluster bombs and other unexploded munitions continued to cause over 100 casualties per year to Laotian civilians as of 2009.
4211:
Today, at great B-29 bases, big 500-pound "clusters" of these bombs are loaded onto U.S. planes bound for Japan's industrial centers...each big "cluster bomb" holds up to 60 of the M-69 incendiaries.
335:
1265:
977:, where two cluster bombs exploded, causing significant civilian casualties and injuries. The reports suggest that cluster munitions were used in areas declared as safe zones for civilians.
10201:
7438:
Barak, Eitan (13 May 2010). "Eitan Barak, Doomed to Be Violated? The U.S.-Israeli Clandestine End-User Agreement and the Second Lebanon War: Lessons for the Convention on Cluster Munitions".
1475:
cluster munitions that will allow multiple target engagement with one shell or bomb while avoiding the civilian deaths and injuries consistently documented from the use of cluster munitions.
1073:
183:
From the 1970s to the 1990s cluster bombs became standard air-dropped munitions for many nations, in a wide variety of types. They have been produced by 34 countries and used in at least 23.
2463:
have used cluster munitions and their delivery systems due to the complexity. As of August 2019, cluster munitions have been used in conflicts by non-state actors in at least six countries.
486:
The RMA used both artillery-fired and air-dropped cluster munitions. BLU-63, M42 and MK118 submunitions were used at multiple locations in Bir Lahlou, Tifarity, Mehaires, Mijek and Awganit.
5074:
6180:"We are seeking images of Uragan 9M27K and Smerch 9M55K cluster rocket and their submunitions from the current fighting in Ukraine, as well as videos of suspected cluster munition attacks"
108:
can kill or maim civilians and/or unintended targets long after a conflict has ended, and are costly to locate and remove. This failure rate ranges from 2 percent to 40 percent or more.
11649:
7728:
3737:
and other financial corporations either directly financed, or provided financial services to companies producing cluster munition in 2005–2012. Among other, BankTrack 2012 report names
591:
throughout the war, beginning on the first day. Human Rights Watch reported that residential neighborhoods in Stepanakert which lacked any identifiable military targets were hit by the
1421:
Even though cluster bombs are designed to explode prior to or on impact, there are always some individual submunitions that do not explode on impact. As of 2000, the US-made MLRS with
1495:
Some 270 million cluster submunitions were dropped on Laos in the 1960s and 1970s; approximately one third of these submunitions failed to explode and continue to pose a threat today.
6085:
6496:
5765:
1207:
1034:
cluster bombs with AO-1 SCH bomblets (of Soviet design). Designed by the Soviet Union for use on tank and troop formations, PTAB-2.5M bomblets were used on civilian targets in
10144:
6209:
1268:
southeastern Ukraine, bypassing U.S. law prohibiting the transfer of cluster munitions with a failure rate greater than one percent. The weapon system could be used in both
5726:
4990:
4935:
1916:
1425:
warhead and M77 submunitions which were supposed to have a 5% dud rate, but studies have shown that some have a much higher rate. The rate in acceptance tests prior to the
6529:
1285:(CMC), said the Biden administration's decision will "contribute to the terrible casualties being suffered by Ukrainian civilians both immediately and for years to come".
1138:
7403:
4767:
2015:
1329:
reported that Ukrainian forces had begun to use US-supplied cluster munitions against Russian forces in the south-east of the country, according to Ukrainian officials.
1130:
1896:
in May where around 70 states discussed the outline of a new treaty, Hungary became the latest country to announce a moratorium and Peru launched an initiative to make
10118:
7863:
4737:
2007:
militaries would need to increase their use of massed artillery and rocket barrages to get the same coverage, which would destroy or damage more key infrastructures.
1999:, the U.S. suspended operational use of cluster munitions in 2003, however, Amnesty International published a report that the U.S. used them in Yemen during the 2009
4590:
As reported by Human Rights Watch, Afghanistan: The Forgotten War: Human Rights Abuses and Violations of the Laws of War Since the Soviet Withdrawal, 1 February 1991
7377:
6294:
4681:
5785:
1843:
on Cluster Munitions in Dublin in May 2008 cluster bombs were not banned by any international treaty and were considered legitimate weapons by some governments.
1163:. HRMMU reported 16 credible allegations that Russian armed forces used cluster munitions in populated areas, resulting in civilian casualties and other damage.
658:
On 7 May 1999, between the time of 11:30 and 11:40, a NATO attack was carried out with two containers of cluster bombs and fell in the central part of the city:
615:
also confirmed that the Armenian forces had used cluster munitions in Barda, which resulted in the deaths of 25 Azerbaijani civilians, according to Azerbaijan.
7650:
6700:
1026:, a few videos of cluster bombs first appeared in 2011, but escalated in frequency near the end of 2012. As Human Rights Watch reported on 13 October 2012, "
758:: United States and allies attacked Iraq with 13,000 cluster munitions, containing two million submunitions during Operation Iraqi Freedom, according to the
5847:
4707:
4628:
4165:
10331:
4194:
1915:
on 18–22 February 2008 where a declaration in favor of negotiations on a draft convention was adopted by more than 80 countries. In May 2008 after around
1064:
city in early October 2014." Also "circumstances indicate that anti-government forces might also have been responsible for the use of cluster munitions".
10329:
Inquiry by the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee of the Australian Senate into the provisions of the Cluster Munitions (Prohibition) Bill 2006
7839:
5172:
5078:
4444:
4136:
9212:
7913:
5591:
3857:
1134:
6024:
5643:
4076:
2011:
their original suggested alternative to a total ban of pursuing technological fixes to make the weapons no longer viable after the end of a conflict.
239:
submunitions, using thermal and visual sensors to locate and attack particular targets, usually armored vehicles. Weapons of this type include the US
792:
6388:
4819:
934:
Georgia admitted using cluster bombs during the war, according to Human Rights Watch but stressed they were only used against military targets. The
3919:
438:, 80 million failed to explode. As of 2009 about 7,000 people have been injured or killed by explosives left from the Vietnam War era in Vietnam's
199:) shells. The US military slang terms for them are "firecracker" or "popcorn" shells, for the many small explosions they cause in the target area.
7684:
5150:
4339:
2558:
officially ceased production of cluster munitions; countries marked with two asterisks (**) unofficially ceased production of cluster munitions.
1448:, UN experts estimated that as many as one million unexploded bomblets may contaminate the hundreds of cluster munition strike sites in Lebanon.
1005:'s forces had used cluster bombs in the conflict between government forces and rebel forces trying to overthrow Gaddafi's government, during the
7793:
6993:
6583:
840:
fired Chinese-manufactured cluster munitions against Israeli civilian targets, using 122 mm rocket launchers during the 2006 war, hitting
677:
Serbian government, including on Mt. Kopaonik near the slopes of the ski resort. The UK contributed £86,000 to the Serbian Mine Action Centre.
7007:
5999:
5299:
6138:
5694:
5321:
7321:
7297:
7078:
4961:
4182:
The now famous cluster gasoline bombs which sputtered down on Tokio carried a goodly big of Detroit workmanship in them, it is now revealed.
176:). The US used the 9-kilogram (20 lb) M41 fragmentation bomb wired together in clusters of 6 or 25 with highly sensitive or proximity
7268:
4461:
Airman 1/c John V. Stryker of Elizabeth, N.J. loads fragmentation cluster bombs under the wing of a T-28 plane in Soc Trang, South Vietnam
4043:
232:, to attack armour, with a fragmenting case, to attack infantry, material, and light vehicles. They may also have an incendiary function.
5543:
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89:
that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles. Other cluster munitions are designed to destroy
8938:
7949:
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5414:
743:, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom dropped 61,000 cluster bombs, containing 20 million submunitions, according to
6795:
4114:
1808:
10014:
7551:
5233:
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1838:
Other weapons, such as land mines, have been banned in many countries under specific legal instruments for several years, notably the
1436:
artillery-delivered cluster bombs have a reported dud rate of 14%. In July 2023, the failure rate of Russian cluster bombs during the
8891:
9241:
8505:
7732:
6743:
6443:"The US says the cluster bombs it's giving Ukraine fail less than 3% of the time. Experience suggests the real number is far higher"
5942:
4682:"The HALO Trust – A charity specialising in the removal of the debris of war :: British Embassy, Yerevan, holds event for HALO"
4317:
665:
Next to the building of "Banovina" including the main market, bus station next to the Niš Fortress and "12th February" Health Centre
10362:
7979:
1852:
822:, Israel used cluster munitions, many of them American-made, on targets in southern Lebanon. Israel also used cluster bombs in the
8045:
4998:
1308:
studies from that war showed that it takes approximately 13.6 high explosive shells for each enemy soldier killed. A shell firing
9626:
9384:
6335:
5100:
2541:
1079:
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to fire MK4 LAR 160 type rockets (with M-85 bomblets) with a range of 45 kilometers the Georgian Minister of Defense (MoD) said.
9548:
7482:
11465:
10168:
8728:
2451:) used cluster bombs. In some cases, the responsibility or even the use of cluster munition is denied by the local government.
1973:
803:
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1222:
near Husarivka farm. It landed close to the Russian army's headquarters. According to the report, nobody died in that strike.
773:
on 7 April 2003 many of the bomblets failed to explode on impact. Afterward, some of them exploded when touched by civilians.
334:
to kill troops and destroy soft (unarmored) targets. Along with incendiary cluster bombs, these were among the first types of
10312:
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8837:
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8422:
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7128:
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1961:
of the world's major military powers including the United States, Russia, India, Brazil and China are not signatories to the
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554:
299:
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9833:
9356:
8824:
8074:
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1510:
In the first month following the ceasefire, unexploded cluster munitions killed or injured an average of 3–4 people per day.
565:. Azerbaijan reported that the Armenian forces had used cluster munition against Azerbaijani civilians in the given period.
10145:"Key Findings from the November 2014 update of "Worldwide Investments in Cluster Munitions a shared responsibility" by PAX"
10066:
9755:
8610:
7556:
7326:
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5900:
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1886:
10092:
9651:
9328:
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8862:
8697:
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1506:
planes dropped nearly 1,400 cluster bombs in Kosovo. Cluster bombs make up to 40% of mines and unexploded bombs in Kosovo.
47:
12059:
11754:
9729:
9703:
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9574:
9103:
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9048:
8912:
8448:
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7177:
6336:"Exclusive: Biden administration weighs Ukrainian requests for access to US stockpile of controversial cluster munitions"
5443:
4907:
4889:
2038:
1873:
A new flexible multilateral process similar to the process that led to the ban on anti-personnel land mines in 1997 (the
748:
9962:
9859:
9807:
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9522:
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8755:
8335:
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7755:
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during the war between Lebanon and Israel in July and August 2006 added weight to the global campaign for a ban treaty.
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1798:, but were not specifically covered by any currently binding international legal instrument until the signature of the
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6152:
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4153:
Mitchell mediums in the same attack carried fragmentation cluster bombs followed by incendiaries from the liberators
1881:
as well at the same time by the Government of Norway that it would convene an international meeting in early 2007 in
969:
530:
7115:
4093:
Jacob Baker of Cleveland, Ohio with his "cluster bomb"--A big projectile which rains smaller shells when it explodes
7522:
6316:
6131:
3986:
2030:
1589:
1437:
1198:. According to HRW and Amnesty International, Russian troops used cluster munition during an attack on the city of
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8474:
8186:
7669:
6410:
4974:
Wednesday's strike marked the deadliest reported attack on civilians in a month of fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh.
4600:
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for this type ranged from 2% to a high of 23% for rockets cooled to −25 °F (−32 °C) before testing. The
12084:
2034:
1955:
1803:
1799:
1783:
1368:
The area affected by a single cluster munition, known as its footprint, can be very large; a single unguided M26
1301:
1261:
588:
573:
112:
7400:"CCW review conference ends with rejection of US-backed proposal for protocol that would allow cluster bomb use"
4715:
1249:
would give them an edge over Russian artillery, as well as preventing depletion of other US and Western stocks.
1143:
557:, HALO Trust reported the use of cluster bombs by Azerbaijan, having found cluster munitions in the villages of
10328:
7150:
5917:
5210:
3774:
1795:
903:
625:
489:
More than 300 cluster strike areas have been recorded in the MINURSO Mine Action Coordination Center database.
5274:
4474:
3880:
each of: Canada, Japan, Taiwan, 2 in Switzerland, and 4 other countries had 1 financial institution involved.
599:. Human Rights Watch also reported the use of cluster munitions by the Armenian forces during the months-long
6042:
4864:"Hikmat Hajiyev: Dropping banned bombs on populated areas once again shows that Armenia is a terrorist state"
4629:"Meeting the Challenge – I. The Technological Evolution and Early Proliferation and Use of Cluster Munitions"
4013:
368:
10195:"Worldwide investments in CLUSTER MUNITIONS a shared responsibility IKV Pax Christi report update June 2012"
10169:"Report: Banks, Financial Institutions Still Funding Cluster Bomb-Making Companies with Billions of Dollars"
9157:
7924:
4418:
4350:
700:
12295:
11307:
10845:
10355:
5740:
5365:
4768:"Azerbaijani MFA: Armenian use of cluster munition serves only committing mass destruction among civilians"
4394:"Anti Tank submunitions shaped-charge effects are produced - Cluster Bomb | Development History | - YTread"
3889:
3750:
1885:
to work towards a new treaty prohibiting cluster munitions. Forty-nine governments attended the meeting in
1642:
1595:
1445:
1182:, Ukraine. The attack killed four civilians and wounded ten. Further use of cluster munitions, such as the
1060:
Human Rights Watch reported that "Ukrainian government forces used cluster munitions in populated areas in
10285:
6663:
6460:
5588:
1455:
M77 submunition of type fired against Lebanon in 1986. Each MLRS rocket has 644 M77 packed in the warhead.
11644:
10725:
1219:
799:
451:
389:
94:
12285:
12280:
11240:
8568:
7681:
6530:"Ukraine war: Vladimir Putin threatens cluster bomb retaliation if weapons used against Russian forces"
5618:
3924:
3838:
1282:
831:
687:
648:
604:
569:
439:
1360:, because of the high number of civilians that have fallen victim to the weapon. Since February 2005,
11689:
10298:
Federation of American Scientists article on the CBU97 and CBU105 cluster bombs with smart munitions.
7797:
7123:. International Campaign to Ban Landmines – Cluster Munition Coalition. August 2019. pp. 37–39.
1815:
1238:
973:
use of such weapons in several attacks on civilian areas, including an incident on March 7, 2009, in
704:
595:
with cluster munitions. Human Rights Watch also identified Azerbaijani usage of cluster munitions in
580:
11314:
8596:
7634:
7505:"Expert Meeting Report: Humanitarian, Military, Technical and Legal Challenges of Cluster Munitions"
6971:
6874:
6820:
6781:
2037:
legislation has placed export moratorium language on cluster weapons since then. On 19 May 2011 the
434:
Of the 260 million cluster bomblets that rained down on Laos between 1964 and 1973, particularly on
21:"Clusterbomb" redirects here. For the Green Day song, which is originally titled "Clusterbomb", see
12186:
11264:
8561:
7004:
3798:
1927:
implemented a policy to eliminate by 2018 all cluster bombs that do not meet new safety standards.
1834:
Nations subscribing to the Wellington Declaration, which led to the Convention on Cluster Munitions
1049:
1006:
942:
364:
331:
7353:"Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries – CCW Protocol (V) on Explosive Remnants of War, 2003"
5589:
Dutch government report on Storimans death concludes cluster bomb propelled by Russian SS-26 (pdf)
189:
shells that employ similar principles have existed for decades. They are typically referred to as
12233:
12008:
11714:
11709:
11629:
11426:
11373:
11343:
11100:
11030:
10974:
10551:
10348:
8832:. International Campaign to Ban Landmines – Cluster Munition Coalition. August 2019. p. 15.
7331:
7307:
7085:
5462:
2460:
2048:
because the others have been demonstrated to have a unexploded ordnance rate of greater than 1%.
1569:
783:, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that the US had caused only one civilian casualty.
647:
About 2,000 cluster bombs containing 380,000 sub-munitions were dropped on Yugoslavia during the
592:
247:
10261:
6844:"Operation Desert Storm: Casualties Caused by Improper Handling of Unexploded U.S. Submunitions"
5606:
4224:
224:
to slow their descent (allowing the aircraft to escape the blast area in low-altitude attacks).
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11664:
11561:
11446:
10630:
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3830:
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2240:
2000:
1361:
990:
463:
435:
52:
10279:
7443:
7056:
6497:"Ukraine should shun US cluster bombs, learn from Cambodia's 'painful experience': PM Hun Sen"
6086:
Cluster bombing on Tigray by the Ethiopian army - more than 500 homesteads destroyed in Gijet.
5551:
5422:
5357:
4936:"Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia 'cruel and reckless'"
4374:
1342:
637:
221:
12290:
12211:
12049:
11831:
11584:
11321:
11144:
10473:
8583:
6958:
6861:
6807:
6799:
6768:
6575:
6210:"Ukraine: Cluster munitions kill child and two other civilians taking shelter at a preschool"
6097:
6060:
4939:
4546:
3929:
3730:
1732:
1422:
655:
dropped 531 RBL755 cluster bombs. Both the Americans and the British utilised cluster bombs.
612:
600:
455:
423:
During the Vietnam War, the US used cluster bombs in air strikes against targets in Vietnam,
397:
7607:
6994:
Clear Path International: Assisting Landmine Survivors, their Families and their Communities
6608:
5572:
5331:
4793:
4276:
4106:
709:
12196:
11724:
11350:
11149:
11115:
10515:
10397:
7561:
6183:
5477:
5230:
5053:
4393:
3914:
3826:
3648:
1542:(listed in italic) that have been affected by cluster munitions as of August 2023 include:
1382:
1156:
724:
315:
291:
271:
6934:"Army RDT&E Budget Item Justification, Item No. 177, MLRS Product Improvement Program"
6888:
3852:
Many of these financial companies are connected to such producers of cluster munitions as
1767:
completed clearance of areas contaminated by cluster munition remnants in previous years.
8:
12013:
11749:
11105:
10483:
7286:
http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/butterfly-bombs-terror/story-19270886-detail/story.html
6366:
6256:"Ukraine war: Russia used cluster weapons at least 24 times, says UN's Bachelet," UN News
3853:
3782:
2045:
1996:
1988:
1931:
1539:
1410:
1325:
1103:
480:
243:
172:. The technology was developed independently by the United States, Russia and Italy (see
105:
33:
347:
when many thousands of tons of submunitions were dropped on Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.
12135:
11744:
11719:
11704:
11699:
11549:
11529:
11326:
10887:
10754:
10498:
5789:
5418:
4912:
1807:
December 2008. The Oslo Process was launched largely in response to the failure of the
1378:
1305:
1215:
1098:
927:
878:
860:. A total of 113 rockets and 4,407 submunitions were fired into Israel during the war.
744:
562:
140:
circa 1940. Wings rotate as bomb falls, unscrewing the arming spindle connected to the
100:
Because cluster bombs release many small bomblets over a wide area, they pose risks to
6798:. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. June 2007. Archived from
6179:
5972:
5959:
3778:
1869:
demonstrator at the May 2008 Dublin conference for the Convention on Cluster Munitions
1352:
Cluster munitions are opposed by many individuals and hundreds of groups, such as the
12191:
12150:
12125:
11998:
11679:
11519:
11366:
10952:
10830:
10508:
10451:
10235:
8833:
8789:
7490:
7439:
7124:
7023:
6912:
6616:
6418:
6286:
6278:
5702:
5447:
5275:"President Reagan News Conferences & Interviews on the Middle East/Israel (1982)"
4969:
4550:
4539:
4051:
4022:
3234:
2741:
2511:
2205:
2197:
1921:
1724:
985:
949:
923:
887:
608:
572:
report in 2010, neither Armenia nor Azerbaijan not acceded to become a member of the
120:
10274:
Circle of Impact: The Fatal Footprint of Cluster Munitions on People and Communities
10172:
10119:"Financial institutions involved in CM production process, 2012 report by BankTrack"
8783:
7424:
7352:
7049:"Israeli Cluster Munitions Hit Civilians in Lebanon (Human Rights Watch, 24-7-2006)"
5897:
5137:
U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century: Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and the War on Terror
3953:
1830:
12165:
12140:
12069:
11993:
11594:
11589:
11524:
11075:
10879:
10458:
10309:
7782:
Canada Post: UN chief hails Aug. 1 entry into force of treaty banning cluster bombs
7582:
5018:
1862:
1787:
1562:
1406:
1147:
Iskander-M ballistic missile with cluster warhead wreckage that was shot down over
1023:
957:
823:
819:
811:
542:
283:
165:
82:
10297:
7888:
7504:
6750:
6333:
6132:
HRMMU Update on the human rights situation in Ukraine, 24 February – 26 March 2022
5766:"Down the Rabbit Hole: Qaddafi's Cluster Munitions and the Age of Internet Claims"
1304:(RUSI) released a study citing the use of cluster munitions from the Vietnam War.
662:
The Pathology building next to the Medical Center of Nis in the south of the city,
207:
12054:
11906:
11879:
11819:
11789:
11674:
11639:
11619:
11604:
11159:
11154:
11122:
10883:
10825:
10813:
10795:
10662:
10643:
10569:
10546:
10335:
10316:
10304:
8760:
7864:"Yemen: Images of missile and cluster munitions point to US role in fatal attack"
7688:
7657:
7638:
7011:
6553:
5904:
5595:
5237:
5025:
4381:
3742:
1779:
1479:
1451:
1225:
1002:
652:
558:
418:
400:. On the initial attack, these knocked out 70% of the electrical power supply in
279:
10310:
Federation of American Scientists article on the BLU-114 anti-electrical weapon.
7458:
6235:
Cheetham, Josh; Devlin, Kayleen; Goodman, Jack; Korenyuk, Maria (3 March 2022).
1889:
in order to reaffirm their commitment to a new international ban on the weapon.
1502:, more than 100 civilians died from unexploded bombs and mines. During the war,
12223:
12218:
11884:
11869:
11804:
11794:
11669:
11654:
11554:
11544:
11509:
11383:
11176:
10873:
10840:
10804:
10620:
10478:
10442:
6722:
6255:
5668:
5544:"Georgia: Russian Cluster Bombs Kill Civilians (Human Rights Watch, 14-8-2008)"
5518:
5492:
5039:
The Kosovo Conflict and International Law An Analytical Documentation 1974-1999
4293:
3822:
3806:
3770:
3001:
1935:
1711:
1688:
1357:
1317:
1179:
954:
870:
As Haaretz reported in November 2006, the Israel Defense Forces Chief of Staff
853:
841:
714:
476:
157:
137:
22:
7993:
7963:
7825:
5173:"I've Seen Cluster Bombs Maim Children. Why Is Biden Sending Them to Ukraine?"
1393:
458:
used cluster bombs provided by the United States. According to U.S. President
12274:
12228:
12181:
12089:
12079:
12033:
12003:
11988:
11957:
11938:
11799:
11739:
11694:
11609:
11568:
11378:
11011:
11006:
10739:
10702:
10687:
10638:
10583:
10562:
10371:
10270:– Official website serving the government initiative to ban cluster munitions
7269:"Remembering the terror the Luftwaffe's butterfly bombs brought to the North"
6620:
6422:
6282:
5706:
5300:"Lebanon/Israel: Hezbollah Hit Israel with Cluster Munitions During Conflict"
4244:
4055:
4044:"Remembering the terror the Luftwaffe's butterfly bombs brought to the North"
3904:
3899:
3894:
3818:
3790:
3786:
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3016:
2499:
2419:
1897:
1874:
1839:
1740:
1523:
1398:
1115:
1027:
935:
780:
518:
393:
380:
307:
278:
Incendiary cluster bombs are intended to start fires, just like conventional
229:
119:, Ireland, in May 2008. The Convention entered into force and became binding
56:
28:
7701:
6843:
6516:"Giving Ukraine Cluster Munitions is Necessary, Legal and Morally Justified"
5727:
These indiscriminate killers leave their deadly legacy from Libya to Lebanon
5151:"Estados Unidos – Cientos de muertes de civiles en Irak pudieron prevenirse"
4226:
The Technical Services--The Ordinance Department: Planning Munitions for War
1413:(UXO) of cluster bomblets left behind after a strike. These bomblets may be
12206:
12064:
12028:
11983:
11967:
11895:
11848:
11824:
11814:
11809:
11624:
11441:
11302:
11269:
11134:
11070:
11045:
10957:
10931:
10899:
10893:
10835:
10774:
10744:
10592:
7756:"Cluster Bombs Treaty becomes int'l law: Years of campaigning reap results"
6604:
6290:
4534:
3635:
3555:
3499:
2926:
2440:
2348:
2334:
2326:
2018:
1942:
1924:
1519:
1277:
1187:
1183:
974:
459:
298:
of 1939–40. Incendiary clusters were extensively used by both sides in the
267:
173:
161:
149:
37:
5898:"Ugandan army won't take part in cluster bomb investigation: spokesperson"
4451:. Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. October 2, 1963. p. 2
4232:. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History. p. 453-454, 459, 462.
1802:
in December 2008. This international treaty stemmed from an initiative by
1337:
902:
countries stock these weapons and have used them in recent conflicts – in
12105:
11962:
11931:
11913:
11901:
11843:
11838:
11779:
11774:
11734:
11634:
11599:
11495:
11398:
11169:
11139:
11129:
11035:
10924:
10541:
10488:
8756:"Ukraine begins firing U.S.-provided cluster munitions at Russian forces"
7425:"US-led attempt to allow cluster bomb use is rejected at UN negotiations"
7236:"Ukraine begins firing U.S.-provided cluster munitions at Russian forces"
6549:"Ukraine begins firing U.S.-provided cluster munitions at Russian forces"
3846:
3762:
3353:
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2829:
2816:
2801:
2281:
1663:
1547:
1527:
1294:
907:
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506:
344:
319:
235:
Since the 1990s submunition-based weapons have been designed that deploy
71:
60:
10732:
7529:
6479:"Controversy surrounds US decision to send cluster munitions to Ukraine"
6270:"To Push Back Russians, Ukrainians Hit a Village With Cluster Munitions"
1218:
reported the first use of a cluster munition by Ukrainian troops during
890:' and the army employed them 'in accordance with international standards
12130:
11950:
11922:
11853:
11729:
11684:
11614:
11534:
11431:
11336:
11276:
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11213:
11164:
11110:
11060:
11055:
11040:
10999:
10947:
10905:
10850:
10692:
10608:
10256:
5874:"Report Finds Ban Hasn't Halted Use of Cluster Bombs in Syria or Yemen"
5519:"Civil.Ge – MoD Says it Used Cluster Bombs, but not in Populated Areas"
5123:
Persian Gulf War Encyclopedia A Political, Social, and Military History
3814:
3674:
3327:
3060:
2444:
2092:
1912:
1748:
1744:
1678:
1653:
1557:
1499:
1260:
cluster munitions to Ukraine to help Ukrainian forces with the ongoing
1191:
1148:
1111:
895:
871:
719:
547:
510:
384:
295:
263:
258:
236:
12110:
10655:
7298:"The Norwegian Government's initiative for a ban on cluster munitions"
6334:
Natasha Bertrand, Alex Marquardt and Zachary Cohen (7 December 2022).
4863:
4820:"Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: both sides accused of using cluster bombs"
4318:"Twelve Facts and Fallacies about the Convention on Cluster Munitions"
1920:
2008 where it was signed by 94 countries. In July 2008, United States
1170:
ballistic missile with a 9N123 cluster munition warhead containing 50
1089:
Saudi Arabia is not signatory to the Convention on Cluster Munitions.
723:
to a mission in Southern Iraq. Among other weapons, the plane carries
686:
The United States used cluster munitions during the initial stages of
59:
blanketed in exploding bomblets dispersed by a U.S. cluster munition,
11539:
11470:
11297:
11292:
11225:
10866:
10779:
10709:
10667:
10493:
10463:
10424:
10390:
6513:
4652:"Cluster Munitions Monitoring and Information Campaign in Azerbaijan"
3802:
3766:
3687:
3525:
3274:
2895:
2486:
2363:
1353:
1253:
1230:
1067:
837:
807:
775:
339:
303:
217:
186:
111:
Cluster munitions are prohibited for those nations that ratified the
101:
10267:
7786:
7670:
Convention on Cluster Munitions to enter into force on 1 August 2010
6744:"Off Target: The Conduct of the War and Civilian Casualties in Iraq"
6236:
5695:"Cluster bombs used in Sri Lanka's civil war, leaked photos suggest"
5389:
3978:
338:
produced by Nazi Germany during World War II. They were used during
12023:
12018:
11943:
11784:
11502:
11477:
11460:
11390:
11331:
11259:
11252:
11095:
10983:
10857:
10677:
10672:
10648:
10576:
10556:
10536:
10503:
7760:
7706:
6241:
4962:"Azerbaijan says Armenia used cluster bombs in deadly Barda attack"
3909:
3834:
3754:
3738:
3713:
3609:
3539:
3418:
3208:
3128:
3113:
3031:
2910:
2842:
2555:
2406:
2156:
2141:
2119:
1764:
1720:
1606:
1574:
1531:
1460:
1426:
1199:
1175:
1078:
British-supplied and U.S.-supplied cluster bombs have been used by
1035:
960:(used by Russia at the time of conflict, and not used by Georgia).
926:
and Russia both were accused of using cluster munitions during the
845:
740:
428:
6025:"Saudi Arabia uses terrorism as an excuse for human rights abuses"
4223:
McLaughlin, Constance; Thomson, Harry C.; Roots, Peter C. (1990).
1775:
1121:
Ethiopia is not signatory to the Convention on Cluster Munitions.
1074:
Human rights violations during the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)
980:
According to Gordon Weiss, who was the spokesperson for the UN in
85:
that releases or ejects smaller submunitions. Commonly, this is a
12155:
12120:
12115:
11453:
11436:
11421:
11405:
11357:
11285:
11230:
11220:
11188:
11090:
11065:
11050:
10820:
10764:
10682:
10529:
10522:
10468:
10340:
6237:"Anatomy of an attack: Is Russia using cluster bombs in Ukraine?"
6195:
5576:
3873:
3865:
3473:
3392:
3221:
3195:
3182:
3086:
3073:
3047:
2868:
2691:
2646:
2572:
2432:
2296:
2267:
2169:
2105:
2079:
2042:
1736:
1728:
1693:
1683:
1631:
1611:
1601:
1584:
1289:
1242:
1233:
called Russia's use of cluster munitions a potential "war crime".
1195:
1061:
1031:
981:
939:
883:
857:
849:
770:
356:
7523:"Message from Minister for Foreign Affairs, Micheál Martin T.D."
6461:"Cluster Weapons U.S. Is Sending Ukraine Often Fail to Detonate"
6411:"Biden Weighs Giving Ukraine Weapons Banned by Many U.S. Allies"
5101:"Iraq: Cluster Treaty Approval Should Inspire Neighbors to Join"
4574:"Timeline: Use of controversial cluster bombs in past conflicts"
2439:
In addition, at least three countries that no longer exist (the
2041:
issued a memorandum prohibiting the sale of all but the CBU-97B
1241:
equipped with cluster sub-munitions was reported in the city of
1155:
Human Rights Watch reported the use of cluster munitions by the
322:
aerosol that results in a high pressure explosion when ignited.
148:
The first significantly operationally used cluster bomb was the
12160:
11514:
11080:
11018:
10962:
10940:
10917:
10910:
10786:
10769:
10601:
10433:
10415:
10385:
10280:
Council on Foreign Relations: The Campaign to Ban Cluster Bombs
6671:
6389:"U.S. actively considering giving cluster munitions to Ukraine"
3861:
3622:
3596:
3512:
3486:
3447:
3366:
3314:
3301:
3247:
3155:
3099:
2986:
2973:
2958:
2882:
2855:
2770:
2706:
2675:
2603:
2313:
2233:
2183:
1962:
1930:
In November 2008, ahead of the signing Conference in Oslo, the
1908:
1878:
1866:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1704:
1658:
1552:
1464:
1430:
1273:
1269:
1167:
596:
401:
287:
240:
169:
116:
90:
536:
529:
The United States dropped 21 Rockeye cluster bombs during its
12201:
12145:
11889:
11414:
11245:
11085:
10406:
10007:
6234:
5607:
https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/131025.pdf
4475:"Forty years on, Laos reaps bitter harvest of the secret war"
3700:
3583:
3570:
3460:
3379:
3260:
3169:
3141:
2942:
2785:
2720:
2661:
2632:
2617:
2393:
2380:
2254:
2133:
1782:
leads a Norwegian parade celebrating the effectuation of the
1698:
1673:
1668:
1648:
1636:
1433:
1309:
1086:, according to Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International.
1083:
514:
318:. Some modern bomb submunitions deliver a highly combustible
132:
41:
7682:
Convention on cluster munitions – convention text in English
5848:"Syria Unleashes Cluster Bombs on Town, Punishing Civilians"
4838:"Azerbaijan says Armenian forces shell second city of Ganja"
1139:
Attacks on civilians in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1114:
are evidenced by multiple photos of the tails of Soviet-era
11183:
11025:
10992:
10967:
10759:
10749:
10718:
10697:
8931:
5326:
4799:. Landmine & Cluster Munition Monitor. pp. 193–194
3794:
3758:
3734:
3726:
3432:
3405:
3288:
2755:
2733:
2219:
2016:
Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs
1983:
1893:
1882:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1579:
1503:
1297:
that has killed or maimed tens of thousands of Cambodians.
1171:
1131:
Use of cluster munitions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
911:
899:
747:(HRW). The US accounted for 57,000 of these droppings. The
424:
360:
177:
141:
5960:
Yemen: Saudi Arabia used cluster bombs, rights groups says
5943:
Saudi Arabia admits it used UK-made cluster bombs in Yemen
5644:"Sri Lanka: Cluster bomb strike on hospital is despicable"
5390:"Halutz Orders Probe Into Use of Cluster Bombs in Lebanon"
3030:
Convention on Cluster Munitions; countries marked with an
1174:
fragmentation submunitions impacted outside a hospital in
8892:"Overview of Article 3 (stockpile destruction) deadlines"
8723:
8721:
8719:
7631:
6360:
DeYoung, Karen; Horton, Alex; Ryan, Missy (6 July 2023).
6339:
5729:
The Independent, 16 August 2011, Retrieved 17 August 2011
4908:"Armenia: Unlawful Rocket, Missile Strikes on Azerbaijan"
3842:
1414:
1397:
Unexploded cluster sub-munition, probably a BLU-26 type.
834:
also manufactures the more up-to-date M-85 cluster bomb.
759:
9407:
9405:
8529:
8527:
7651:
Cluster bombs: MEPs to press for signature of treaty ban
6514:
Dr Jack Watling; Professor Justin Bronk (10 July 2023).
4890:"Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh"
1385:, civilians were deliberately targeted by such weapons.
914:– the world has no reason to point a finger at Israel."
579:
Further use of cluster munition was reported during the
164:
to attack both civilian and military targets, including
9541:
9236:
9234:
9207:
9205:
8559:
8417:
8415:
7964:"Cluster Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress"
7322:"Webcast from the Oslo Conference on Cluster Munitions"
6939:. Defense Technical Information Center. February 1993.
5741:"Qaddafi Troops Fire Cluster Bombs into Civilian Areas"
5619:"In Sri Lanka, Aid Agencies Say Hospital Hit by Shells"
4349:. May 30, 2008. p. 2, Art. 2 Nr. 2. Archived from
8819:
8817:
8815:
8813:
8811:
8809:
8807:
8805:
8785:
The looming tower : Al-Qaeda and the road to 9/11
8716:
8069:
8067:
7980:
US Putting Off Planned Ban on Its Use of Cluster Bombs
5211:"Cluster bombs kill in Iraq, even after shooting ends"
5192:"Cluster bombs kill in Iraq, even after shooting ends"
4222:
984:, the "largest remaining functioning hospital" in the
9981:
9402:
9351:
9349:
9158:"Survey of Cluster Munitions Produced and Stockpiled"
8524:
8046:"Nagorno-Karabakh (Area) Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7995:
Cluster Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress
7992:
Feickert, Andrew; Kerr, Paul K. (December 17, 2017).
7826:
Cluster Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress
6126:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6118:
5821:"Cluster Bomb Usage Rises Significantly Across Syria"
5573:
Russia "used cluster bombs" in Georgia – rights group
5383:
5381:
4738:"HALO begins emergency clearance in Nagorno Karabakh"
541:
The armed conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia in
475:
During the 16-year-long conflict on the territory of
10262:
Cluster munitions and international humanitarian law
9379:
9377:
9265:
9263:
9231:
9202:
8939:"Bosnia and Herzegovina Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8754:
Hudson, John; Khurshudyan, Isabelle (20 July 2023).
8692:
8690:
8412:
7234:
Hudson, John; Khurshudyan, Isabelle (20 July 2023).
7203:
7201:
7199:
6547:
Hudson, John; Khurshudyan, Isabelle (20 July 2023).
6000:"Saudi-Led Group Said to Use Cluster Bombs in Yemen"
5786:"Syria: New Evidence Military Dropped Cluster Bombs"
5415:"Israeli Cluster Munitions Hit Civilians in Lebanon"
4502:"In Vietnam, cluster bombs still plague countryside"
3725:
According to BankTrack, an international network of
1124:
989:
Allan Poston, who was the technical advisor for the
886:, saying that using such munitions was 'legal under
550:
has made major contributions to the cleanup effort.
70:
A cluster bomb is dropped at the Nightmare Range in
10033:
9826:
9323:
9321:
8863:"Global Problem – Stockpilers of Cluster Munitions"
8802:
8388:
8386:
8270:
8268:
8098:
8096:
8064:
7172:
7170:
7168:
6749:. Human Rights Watch. December 2003. Archived from
6362:"Biden approves cluster munition supply to Ukraine"
4541:
The blood of Abraham: insights into the Middle East
4143:. Mount Clemens, Michigan. July 10, 1945. p. 6
3034:are in the process of destroying their stockpiles.
830:in both 1978 and 1982. The Israeli Defense company
10059:
10015:"United Arab Emirates Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9748:
9517:
9515:
9488:
9486:
9346:
9294:
9292:
9098:
9096:
8962:
8960:
8603:
8500:
8498:
8496:
8330:
8328:
8326:
8241:
8239:
8001:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
7110:
7108:
7106:
6268:
6115:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5669:"Cluster bombs found in Sri Lanka, UN expert says"
5460:"EXTRA: Israel defends use of cluster munitions".
5378:
4623:
4621:
4538:
3858:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
1949:
1135:War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1068:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, 2015–2022
517:cluster bombs on Argentinian positions during the
274:, which scattered incendiary bomblets, on Finland.
10085:
9644:
9619:
9374:
9260:
9126:
9124:
9017:
9015:
8894:. Convention on Cluster Munitions. September 2022
8753:
8687:
8663:
8661:
8634:
8632:
8359:
8357:
8212:
8210:
8208:
8153:
8129:
8127:
8125:
7840:"US cluster bombs 'killed 35 women and children'"
7233:
7196:
6546:
6359:
6266:
6153:"Ukraine: Russian Cluster Munition Hits Hospital"
5444:"Middle East: Rice Calls For A 'New Middle East'"
5351:
5349:
4818:Beaumont, Peter; Safi, Michael (8 October 2020).
4272:
4270:
1877:) began with an announcement in November 2006 in
1229:On 28 February 2022, White House press secretary
1102:journalist Christiaan Triebert revealed that the
793:Allegations of war crimes in the 2006 Lebanon War
668:Parking of "Niš Express" near river Nišava River.
12272:
10286:Ban Advocates – Voices from affected communities
9722:
9696:
9593:
9567:
9318:
9067:
9041:
8905:
8886:
8884:
8857:
8855:
8441:
8383:
8299:
8297:
8265:
8093:
8013:
7729:"Cluster Munitions Treaty to Take Effect Sunday"
7165:
7005:Laos: the enduring threat from cluster munitions
6889:"Cluster Munitions a Foreseeable Hazard in Iraq"
6267:Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Ismay, John (2022-04-18).
6098:"Cluster Munition Coalition – Take Action – CMC"
6061:"Cluster Munition Coalition – Take Action – CMC"
5041:. Cambridge University Press. 2001. p. 328.
3920:Fares Scale of Injuries due to Cluster Munitions
1892:A follow-up meeting in this process was held in
1459:In addition, some cluster bomblets, such as the
1190:9M55K cluster rockets, is being investigated by
732:Used by the United States and the United Kingdom
470:
355:Most anti-armor munitions contain shaped charge
10612:
9955:
9852:
9800:
9670:
9512:
9483:
9457:
9289:
9093:
8957:
8493:
8323:
8236:
7969:. Congressional Research Service. 9 March 2022.
7821:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7103:
5808:
4618:
4568:
4566:
4172:. Detroit, Michigan. March 22, 1945. p. 20
1938:governments to sign and ratify the Convention.
1276:shell projectiles. Defense Department official
786:
492:
445:
11174:
11120:
10938:
10784:
9929:
9431:
9176:
9121:
9012:
8986:
8658:
8629:
8562:"Appendix A to Chapter 9 of the Cassinga Raid"
8354:
8205:
8122:
7151:"Ukraine: Widespread Use of Cluster Munitions"
6409:Sanger, David E.; Schmitt, Eric (2023-07-06).
5918:"Ukraine: Widespread Use of Cluster Munitions"
5387:
5346:
4267:
4201:. Washington, D.C. April 8, 1945. p. A-20
2066:ratified the Convention on Cluster Munitions.
1794:Cluster bombs fall under the general rules of
1534:demonstrating outside of the Dublin conference
11829:
11559:
11388:
11364:
10981:
10972:
10929:
10653:
10449:
10440:
10356:
9904:
9774:
8881:
8852:
8294:
6408:
6404:
6402:
6139:UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine
5845:
5250:"Use of Cluster Bombs Is Confirmed by Israel"
1974:Convention on Cluster Munitions#State parties
1946:and subsequently for other ratifying States.
11948:
11929:
11920:
11911:
11500:
11475:
11451:
11412:
11403:
11355:
11341:
11312:
11283:
11274:
11250:
11211:
11016:
10997:
10915:
10864:
10855:
10811:
10802:
10793:
10730:
10716:
10707:
10590:
10567:
9549:"United Kingdom Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7991:
7812:
7254:"Boy finds lethal WWII bomb in Qormi valley"
4928:
4817:
4563:
4533:
4021:. Geneva: GICHD. November 2007. p. 28.
1770:
764:Dual-purpose improved conventional munitions
81:is a form of air-dropped or ground-launched
10599:
10581:
10527:
10513:
10431:
10422:
10413:
10404:
10395:
8788:. Internet Archive. New York : Knopf.
8729:"United States Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7950:"United States Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
6849:. US General Accounting Office. August 1993
5871:
5388:Hasson, Nir; Rapoport, Meron (2006-11-20).
5054:"Obama moves to legalize cluster munitions"
4656:Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
4195:"M-69... the Fire Bomb that Falls on Japan"
3985:. Geneva (Switzerland). February 10, 2022.
1498:Within the first year after the end of the
1166:On 24 February 2022, a Russian 9M79-series
537:Nagorno Karabakh War, 1992–1994, 2016, 2020
330:Anti-personnel cluster bombs use explosive
10363:
10349:
9989:"Turkmenistan Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9413:"South Africa Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8535:"Saudi Arabia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7794:"States Parties and Signatories by region"
6723:"M26 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS)"
6642:"International Committee of the Red Cross"
6399:
6177:
5780:
5778:
5772:, June 23, 2011. Retrieved: July 13, 2011.
5226:
5224:
4649:
4375:Cluster Weapons; Convenience or necessity?
1809:Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
1719:As of August 2019, it is unclear, whether
1440:was reported to be at 40 percent or more.
1405:The other serious problem, also common to
618:
282:(firebombs). They contain submunitions of
9242:"South Korea Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9213:"North Korea Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8423:"Netherlands Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7557:The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
7327:The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
7303:The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
6043:"Yemen: Cluster Munitions Wound Children"
5839:
4900:
4545:. University of Arkansas Press. pp.
4529:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4472:
2454:
1825:
1356:, the Cluster Munition Coalition and the
930:. Georgia admitted use; Russia denied it.
680:
10264:International Committee of the Red Cross
10041:"Uzbekistan Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9834:"Kazakhstan Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8075:"Azerbaijan Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7753:
7552:"International ban on cluster munitions"
6984:Jane's Ammunition Handbook 1994 page 362
5469:
4984:
4982:
3979:"Convention on Cluster Munition Website"
3946:
3024:
1982:
1861:
1853:International Committee of the Red Cross
1829:
1814:A number of sections of the Protocol on
1774:
1518:
1450:
1392:
1336:
1224:
1194:through a public appeal for evidence on
1142:
708:
701:United States war crimes § Iraq War
694:
257:
206:
131:
65:
46:
27:
16:Explosive weapon with small submunitions
10067:"Venezuela Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9756:"Indonesia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9357:"Singapore Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8611:"Sri Lanka Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7837:
7456:
6796:"Summary of Judgement for Milan Martic"
6317:"Cluster Bombs Are "War-Crime" Weapons"
6314:
5775:
5738:
5692:
5355:
5322:"State snubbed war victim, family says"
5292:
5221:
5208:
5189:
4605:Landmine & Cluster Munition Monitor
4104:
4074:
2542:Separatist forces of the war in Donbass
1978:
963:
705:British war crimes § War on Terror
643:Used by the US, the UK and Netherlands.
12273:
10229:
10093:"Zimbabwe Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9652:"Cambodia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9627:"Bulgaria Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9385:"Slovakia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9271:"Pakistan Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8781:
8698:"Thailand Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8187:"Colombia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8161:"Colombia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7956:
7699:
7378:"Moniteur Belge – Belgisch Staatsblad"
7266:
7209:"Ethiopia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
6609:"The Enduring Danger of Cluster Bombs"
5973:"Saudis 'used cluster bombs' in Yemen"
5051:
4631:. Human Rights Watch. 22 November 2010
4520:
4041:
1972:For an updated list of countries, see
1388:
1332:
798:Extensively used by Israel during the
211:A US Vietnam era BLU-3 cluster bomblet
10344:
9730:"Finland Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9704:"Estonia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9601:"Belarus Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9575:"Algeria Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9329:"Romania Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9075:"Germany Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9049:"Croatia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8913:"Belgium Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8560:Edward McGill Alexander (July 2003).
8475:"Nigeria Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8449:"Nigeria Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8394:"Morocco Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8276:"Georgia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8104:"Bahrain Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8021:"Armenia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7942:
7608:"United States Department of Defense"
7437:
7178:"Eritrea Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7153:. Human Rights Watch. 20 October 2014
5997:
4988:
4979:
4712:Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor
4499:
4117:from the original on December 2, 2023
1288:On 10 July, Cambodian Prime Minister
36:warhead cutaway around 1960, showing
9963:"Serbia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9860:"Kuwait Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9808:"Jordan Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9678:"Cyprus Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9523:"Turkey Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9494:"Taiwan Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9465:"Sweden Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9300:"Poland Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9104:"Greece Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8968:"Brazil Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8506:"Russia Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8336:"Israel Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8247:"France Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7024:"Kosovo mine expert criticises Nato"
5466:. 25 July 2006. LexisNexis Academic.
5075:"Cluster bombs remain in 69 nations"
4449:The Daily News of the Virgin Islands
4008:
4006:
4004:
2500:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
1080:Saudi Arabian-led military coalition
1042:
1014:investigation refuted those claims.
383:, was first used by the U.S. in the
104:both during attacks and afterwards.
11755:Weapons Storage and Security System
9937:"Qatar Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9439:"Spain Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9184:"Japan Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9132:"India Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9023:"China Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8994:"Chile Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8669:"Syria Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8640:"Sudan Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8365:"Libya Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8218:"Egypt Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8135:"Yemen Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7702:"Cluster bomb ban comes into force"
6260:
5846:C. J. Chivers (December 20, 2012).
5516:
5490:
5358:"The Campaign to Ban Cluster Bombs"
4991:"Nato comes clean on cluster bombs"
4842:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com
4416:
4320:. Human Rights Watch. 14 April 2009
4249:The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
4075:Winkler, John J. (August 6, 1944).
2039:Defense Security Cooperation Agency
1934:passed a resolution calling on all
1316:On 16 July 2023, Russian President
1001:It was reported in April 2011 that
631:
13:
10370:
9912:"Peru Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9886:"Oman Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
9782:"Iran Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
8305:"Iraq Cluster Munition Ban Policy"
7660:last retrieved on 19 November 2008
7641:last retrieved on 28 November 2008
6518:. Royal United Services Institute.
5792:. October 13, 2012. Archived from
5475:Friedman, Ina. "Deadly Remnants".
5209:Wiseman, Paul (16 December 2003).
5190:Wiseman, Paul (16 December 2003).
5052:Martin, Scott (18 November 2011).
5019:SRBIJI NE PRETE SAMO KASETNE BOMBE
4473:MacKinnon, Ian (3 December 2008).
4255:from the original on April 9, 2024
4077:"Grinding Out Grief for the Enemy"
3983:The Convention on Cluster Munition
3954:"Treaty status – The Treaty – CMC"
3870:Singapore Technologies Engineering
2449:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
1486:
1208:High Commissioner for Human Rights
865:United Nations Mine Action Service
374:
312:bombing of Dresden in World War II
300:strategic bombings of World War II
14:
12307:
10250:
7796:. 12 January 2011. Archived from
7459:"New bomb clean-up treaty begins"
7267:Rogers, James I. (21 June 2013).
6913:"'Million bomblets' in S Lebanon"
6893:Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper
6603:
6178:@bellingcat (February 26, 2022).
5872:Sewell Chan (September 1, 2016).
4340:"Convention on Cluster Munitions"
4242:
4001:
1239:an attack with a Tochka-U missile
1125:Russian invasion of Ukraine, 2022
1092:
769:When these weapons were fired on
583:. The Armenian-populated city of
555:renewed hostilities in April 2016
407:
325:
12254:
12253:
10187:
10161:
10137:
10111:
9878:
9150:
8775:
8747:
8553:
8467:
8179:
8038:
7985:
7982:– Military.com, 30 November 2017
7973:
7906:
7881:
7856:
7831:
7775:
7754:Belanger, Louis (30 July 2010).
7747:
7721:
7700:Hughes, Stuart (1 August 2010).
7693:
7675:
7663:
7644:
7625:
7600:
7575:
7544:
7515:
7497:
7475:
7450:
7431:
7417:
7392:
7370:
7345:
7314:
7290:
7279:
7260:
7246:
7227:
7143:
7071:
7041:
7016:
6998:
6987:
6978:
6926:
6905:
6881:
6836:
6827:
6788:
6736:
6715:
6685:
6656:
6634:
6597:
6568:
6540:
6522:
6507:
6489:
6471:
6453:
6435:
6381:
6353:
5739:Chivers, C. J. (15 April 2011).
5550:. 15 August 2008. Archived from
5330:. 30 August 2007. Archived from
4650:Safikhanov, Hafiz (March 2008).
3706:
3693:
3680:
3667:
3654:
3641:
3628:
3615:
3602:
3589:
3576:
3563:
3548:
3532:
3518:
3505:
3492:
3479:
3466:
3453:
3440:
3425:
3411:
3398:
3385:
3372:
3359:
3346:
3333:
3320:
3307:
3294:
3281:
3267:
3253:
3240:
3227:
3214:
3201:
3188:
3175:
3162:
3148:
3134:
3121:
3106:
3092:
3079:
3066:
3053:
3040:
3009:
2994:
2979:
2966:
2951:
2935:
2919:
2903:
2888:
2875:
2861:
2848:
2835:
2822:
2809:
2794:
2778:
2763:
2748:
2740:
2726:
2713:
2699:
2684:
2668:
2654:
2639:
2625:
2610:
2596:
2581:
2565:
2535:
2525:
2517:
2505:
2492:
2479:
2469:
2425:
2412:
2399:
2386:
2373:
2356:
2341:
2333:
2319:
2306:
2289:
2274:
2260:
2247:
2239:
2226:
2212:
2204:
2190:
2176:
2162:
2149:
2140:
2126:
2112:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2031:Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009
1590:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1438:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1203:nine civilians and injuring 37.
1055:
917:
524:
501:
396:in high-voltage power lines and
294:used by the Soviet Union in the
154:Sprengbombe Dickwandig 2 kg
10268:Convention on Cluster Munitions
10234:. London: HarperCollins, 1995.
10222:
7952:. ICBL - CMC. 24 November 2020.
7838:Spencer, Richard (2010-06-07).
6946:from the original on 2007-06-28
6586:from the original on 2022-02-23
6327:
6308:
6297:from the original on 2022-04-22
6249:
6228:
6202:
6171:
6145:
6090:
6078:
6053:
6035:
6017:
5991:
5965:
5952:
5935:
5910:
5891:
5865:
5758:
5732:
5719:
5693:Stoakes, Emanuel (2016-06-20).
5686:
5661:
5636:
5611:
5600:
5582:
5566:
5536:
5510:
5484:
5454:
5436:
5407:
5314:
5267:
5242:
5202:
5183:
5165:
5143:
5129:
5115:
5093:
5067:
5045:
5031:
5012:
4954:
4882:
4856:
4830:
4811:
4794:"Cluster Munition Monitor 2010"
4786:
4760:
4730:
4700:
4674:
4643:
4593:
4584:
4493:
4466:
4437:
4419:"Vietnam's Cluster Bomb Shadow"
4410:
4386:
4368:
4332:
4310:
4286:
4236:
4216:
4083:. Detroit, Michigan. p. 18
4042:Rogers, James I. (2013-06-21).
3989:from the original on 2008-06-12
2035:Consolidated Appropriations Act
1956:Convention on Cluster Munitions
1950:Convention on Cluster Munitions
1907:Further meetings took place in
1800:Convention on Cluster Munitions
1784:Convention on Cluster Munitions
1302:Royal United Services Institute
1252:On 6 July 2023, U.S. president
948:Human Rights Watch accused the
804:1982–2000 occupation of Lebanon
762:. The majority were DPICMs, or
574:Convention on Cluster Munitions
379:An anti-electrical weapon, the
197:Improved Conventional Munitions
113:Convention on Cluster Munitions
7457:Foulkes, Imogen (2006-11-12).
7055:. 24 July 2006. Archived from
6315:Nichols, John (10 July 2023).
5356:Beehner, Lionel (2006-11-21).
5139:. ABC-CLIO. 2015. p. 176.
4417:Loy, Irwin (7 December 2010).
4277:Austria bans cluster munitions
4187:
4158:
4129:
4098:
4068:
4035:
3971:
3775:Commonwealth Bank of Australia
1900:a cluster munition free zone.
1796:international humanitarian law
1478:In the 1980s the Spanish firm
1469:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1151:by the Ukrainian air defenses.
1017:
996:
894:". Foreign Ministry Spokesman
626:1995 Shali cluster bomb attack
412:
246:, first used in combat during
156:, commonly referred to as the
127:
1:
11650:British "hedgehog" road block
8826:Cluster Munition Monitor 2019
7526:www.clustermunitionsdublin.ie
7117:Cluster Munition Monitor 2019
5125:. ABC-CLIO. 2014. p. 97.
4500:Eaton, Daysha (6 June 2010).
3935:
3720:
1911:on 4–7 December 2007, and in
483:(RMA) dropped cluster bombs.
471:Western Sahara war, 1975–1991
369:explosively formed penetrator
253:
10322:
10291:
8869:. Cluster Munition Coalition
8867:www.stopclustermunitions.org
7587:www.stopclustermunitions.org
6102:www.stopclustermunitions.org
6065:www.stopclustermunitions.org
5998:Fahim, Kareem (3 May 2015).
5907:, Sudan Tribune, 19 Feb 2014
5421:. 2006-07-24. Archived from
5366:Council on Foreign Relations
5279:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
4281:International Herald Tribune
4015:A Guide to Cluster Munitions
3958:www.stopclustermunitions.org
3940:
3890:Anti-runway penetration bomb
3751:Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ
2548:
2060:
1804:Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet
1514:
1446:2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
818:During the Israeli-Lebanese
787:Lebanon, 1978, 1982 and 2006
493:Soviet–Afghan War, 1979–1989
446:South Lebanon conflict, 1978
350:
7:
12060:Cities with defensive walls
11645:Defensive fighting position
11560:
11365:
11175:
11121:
10982:
10973:
10939:
10930:
10785:
7483:"Report on Lima Conference"
7380:. www.ejustice.just.fgov.be
6697:en.handicapinternational.be
4989:Brady, Brian (2007-09-16).
3883:
3729:specializing in control of
1341:Monument to victims of the
1082:against Houthi militias in
390:electric power transmission
95:electric power transmission
10:
12312:
10257:Cluster Munition Coalition
8569:University of South Africa
7632:Signing Conference Website
7487:Cluster Munition Coalition
5236:November 21, 2006, at the
4105:McGowan, Sam (June 2021).
3925:Cluster Munition Coalition
1991:dropping CBU cluster bombs
1953:
1381:. In some cases, like the
1283:Cluster Munition Coalition
1256:approved the provision of
1128:
1071:
832:Israel Military Industries
790:
698:
688:Operation Enduring Freedom
649:NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
635:
419:Vietnam War § Weapons
416:
270:dropped RRAB-3, nicknamed
20:
12244:
12174:
12098:
12042:
11976:
11862:
11767:
11690:Hardened aircraft shelter
11665:Entry control point (ECP)
11577:
11488:
11204:
11197:
10629:
10378:
8782:Wright, Lawrence (2006).
6576:"Cluster Bomb Fact Sheet"
5481:. 13 November 2006: 20–22
2014:In May 2008, then-Acting
1816:explosive remnants of war
1771:International legislation
1643:Luhansk People's Republic
1596:Donetsk People's Republic
943:multiple rocket launchers
624:Used by Russia, see also
581:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
365:armored fighting vehicles
12187:Continuity of government
9890:archives.the-monitor.org
8479:archives.the-monitor.org
8191:archives.the-monitor.org
7687:August 19, 2010, at the
7010:August 22, 2010, at the
6693:"konsoleH :: Login"
6501:South China Morning Post
5962:". BBC News. 3 May 2015.
4997:. London. Archived from
4445:"Aims at Red Guerrillas"
4380:October 4, 2006, at the
4294:"How Cluster Bombs Work"
4141:The Daily Monitor Leader
3799:Industrial Bank of China
2461:violent non-state actors
2055:
1887:Oslo 22–23 February 2007
1786:, 31 July 2010. (Photo:
1570:Bosnia & Herzegovina
1161:2022 invasion of Ukraine
1050:South Sudanese Civil War
970:U.S. Department of State
749:US Department of Defense
651:, in 1999, of which the
605:missile attacks on Barda
570:Cluster Munition Monitor
202:
12009:Motte-and-bailey castle
11715:Missile launch facility
11710:Main line of resistance
10405:
7828:– Fas.org, 30 June 2013
5463:Deutsche Presse-Agentur
4111:Warfare History Network
2368:(responsibility denied)
2301:(responsibility denied)
928:2008 Russo-Georgian War
619:First Chechen War, 1995
359:to pierce the armor of
248:Operation Iraqi Freedom
12085:Military installations
11949:
11930:
11921:
11912:
11830:
11501:
11476:
11452:
11442:Scarp and Counterscarp
11413:
11404:
11389:
11356:
11342:
11313:
11284:
11275:
11251:
11212:
11017:
10998:
10916:
10865:
10856:
10812:
10803:
10794:
10731:
10717:
10708:
10654:
10613:
10600:
10591:
10582:
10568:
10528:
10514:
10450:
10441:
10432:
10423:
10414:
10396:
8591:Cite journal requires
6966:Cite journal requires
6869:Cite journal requires
6815:Cite journal requires
6776:Cite journal requires
3831:Royal Bank of Scotland
3811:Korea Development Bank
3731:financial institutions
2589:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2455:Non-state armed groups
2001:al-Majalah camp attack
1992:
1870:
1835:
1826:International treaties
1791:
1535:
1456:
1402:
1362:Handicap International
1345:
1234:
1152:
991:UN Development Program
875:disobeyed this order.
728:
681:Afghanistan, 2001–2002
452:South Lebanon conflict
436:Xieng Khouang province
398:electrical substations
275:
212:
145:
74:
63:
53:surface-to-air missile
44:
11854:Floating water castle
11585:Admiralty scaffolding
10878:Fortified buildings (
7868:Amnesty International
7493:on November 21, 2007.
6802:on December 15, 2007.
6214:Amnesty International
5648:Amnesty International
5594:June 9, 2010, at the
4940:Amnesty International
4347:clusterconvention.org
4170:Detroit Evening Times
4081:Detroit Evening Times
3930:List of cluster bombs
3025:Countries with stocks
1986:
1865:
1833:
1778:
1733:Republic of the Congo
1522:
1454:
1396:
1340:
1300:On the same day, the
1228:
1214:In early March 2022,
1146:
800:1978 Israeli invasion
712:
695:Iraq, 1991, 2003–2006
613:Amnesty International
601:bombardment of Tartar
392:systems by producing
272:Molotov bread baskets
261:
210:
135:
69:
50:
40:bomblets filled with
31:
12197:Subterranean warfare
11150:Viking ring fortress
10230:Clancy, Tom (1996).
7583:"News – Media – CMC"
7310:on January 11, 2009.
6668:www.clusterbombs.org
5478:The Jerusalem Report
5081:on November 16, 2011
5001:on December 27, 2009
3915:Mines Advisory Group
3827:Royal Bank of Canada
3649:United Arab Emirates
2033:(P.L. 111-8) annual
1979:United States policy
1941:On 16 February 2010
1540:disputed territories
1383:Zagreb rocket attack
1264:to liberate Russian-
1157:Russian Armed Forces
964:Sri Lanka, 2008/2009
316:firebombing of Tokyo
292:Molotov bread basket
12296:Area denial weapons
12014:Quadrangular castle
11750:Weapon storage area
11106:Quadrangular castle
7893:2001-2009.state.gov
7889:"Cluster Munitions"
7800:on 10 February 2022
7612:www.defenselink.mil
7059:on 13 November 2008
6367:The Washington Post
6031:. December 3, 2015.
5796:on October 14, 2012
5231:MCC | Cluster Bombs
5028:, (in Serbian only)
4972:. 28 October 2020.
4356:on January 27, 2021
3854:Alliant Techsystems
3783:Credit Suisse Group
2046:Sensor Fuzed Weapon
1997:US State Department
1932:European Parliament
1411:unexploded ordnance
1389:Unexploded ordnance
1377:research report by
1343:Niš cluster bombing
1333:Threat to civilians
1326:The Washington Post
1206:The United Nations
1104:Ethiopian Air Force
638:Niš cluster bombing
531:invasion of Grenada
481:Royal Moroccan Army
244:sensor-fuzed weapon
106:Unexploded bomblets
34:Honest John missile
11745:Underground hangar
11530:Fire control tower
11327:Gunpowder magazine
10755:Butter-churn tower
10334:2007-07-12 at the
10315:2016-01-02 at the
10303:2016-07-29 at the
8193:. 2 September 2013
7656:2009-02-22 at the
7637:2008-12-16 at the
7256:. 29 October 2009.
7079:"UKWGLM_18377.pdf"
6703:on 11 October 2017
6664:"clusterbombs.org"
6465:The New York Times
6415:The New York Times
6275:The New York Times
6216:. 27 February 2022
6159:. 25 February 2022
6157:Human Rights Watch
6084:Nyssen, J., 2021:
6047:Human Rights Watch
6029:Al Jazeera America
6004:The New York Times
5922:Human Rights Watch
5903:2014-05-20 at the
5878:The New York Times
5852:The New York Times
5827:. October 13, 2012
5790:Human Rights Watch
5770:The New York Times
5254:The New York Times
5153:. 11 December 2003
5024:2011-07-22 at the
4916:. 11 December 2020
4913:Human Rights Watch
4894:Human Rights Watch
4708:"Nagorno-Karabakh"
2029:Starting with the
1993:
1871:
1836:
1792:
1727:are contaminated.
1536:
1457:
1403:
1379:Human Rights Watch
1346:
1306:United States Army
1237:On 14 March 2022,
1235:
1216:The New York Times
1153:
1118:, likely RBK-250.
1099:The New York Times
879:Human Rights Watch
745:Human Rights Watch
729:
440:Quảng Trị province
276:
266:of 1939–1940, the
213:
146:
75:
64:
45:
12286:Explosive weapons
12281:Cluster munitions
12268:
12267:
12192:Military urbanism
12126:Fortified gateway
11999:Concentric castle
11763:
11762:
11680:Fire support base
11520:Coastal artillery
11395:(Spanish America)
10989:
10831:Concentric castle
8839:978-2-9701146-5-9
8795:978-0-375-41486-2
7511:. 3 October 2013.
7130:978-2-9701146-5-9
6915:. BBC. 2006-09-26
5949:19 December 2016.
5579:, August 15, 2008
5448:Radio Free Europe
5302:. 18 October 2006
5103:. 9 December 2009
4942:. 29 October 2020
4556:978-1-55728-862-2
4028:978-2-940369-07-2
2512:Northern Alliance
2369:
2302:
1995:According to the
1922:Defense Secretary
1407:explosive weapons
1323:On 20 July 2023,
1043:South Sudan, 2013
1007:battle of Misrata
950:Russian Air Force
888:international law
863:According to the
725:CBU-100 "Rockeye"
568:According to the
160:. It was used in
121:international law
12303:
12257:
12256:
12250:
12141:National redoubt
12070:Fortified estate
11994:Circular rampart
11954:
11935:
11926:
11917:
11835:
11595:Anti-tank trench
11590:Air raid shelter
11565:
11525:Disappearing gun
11506:
11481:
11457:
11418:
11409:
11394:
11370:
11361:
11347:
11318:
11289:
11280:
11256:
11217:
11202:
11201:
11180:
11160:Bailey (or ward)
11126:
11031:Motte-and-bailey
11022:
11003:
10987:
10979:
10978:
10944:
10935:
10921:
10870:
10861:
10817:
10808:
10799:
10790:
10736:
10722:
10713:
10659:
10616:
10605:
10596:
10587:
10573:
10533:
10519:
10459:Circular rampart
10455:
10446:
10437:
10428:
10419:
10410:
10401:
10365:
10358:
10351:
10342:
10341:
10282:21 November 2006
10245:
10217:
10216:
10214:
10212:
10206:
10200:. Archived from
10199:
10191:
10185:
10184:
10182:
10180:
10175:on 25 March 2014
10171:. Archived from
10165:
10159:
10158:
10156:
10154:
10149:
10141:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10130:
10121:. Archived from
10115:
10109:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10089:
10083:
10082:
10080:
10078:
10063:
10057:
10056:
10054:
10052:
10037:
10031:
10030:
10028:
10026:
10011:
10005:
10004:
10002:
10000:
9985:
9979:
9978:
9976:
9974:
9959:
9953:
9952:
9950:
9948:
9933:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9923:
9908:
9902:
9901:
9899:
9897:
9892:. 12 August 2014
9882:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9871:
9856:
9850:
9849:
9847:
9845:
9830:
9824:
9823:
9821:
9819:
9804:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9793:
9778:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9767:
9752:
9746:
9745:
9743:
9741:
9726:
9720:
9719:
9717:
9715:
9700:
9694:
9693:
9691:
9689:
9674:
9668:
9667:
9665:
9663:
9648:
9642:
9641:
9639:
9638:
9623:
9617:
9616:
9614:
9612:
9597:
9591:
9590:
9588:
9586:
9571:
9565:
9564:
9562:
9560:
9555:. 12 August 2015
9545:
9539:
9538:
9536:
9534:
9519:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9505:
9490:
9481:
9480:
9478:
9476:
9461:
9455:
9454:
9452:
9450:
9435:
9429:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9409:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9396:
9381:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9368:
9353:
9344:
9343:
9341:
9340:
9325:
9316:
9315:
9313:
9311:
9296:
9287:
9286:
9284:
9282:
9267:
9258:
9257:
9255:
9253:
9238:
9229:
9228:
9226:
9224:
9209:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9195:
9190:. 10 August 2015
9180:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9169:
9154:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9143:
9128:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9115:
9100:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9086:
9071:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9060:
9045:
9039:
9038:
9036:
9034:
9019:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9005:
8990:
8984:
8983:
8981:
8979:
8964:
8955:
8954:
8952:
8950:
8935:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8924:
8909:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8899:
8888:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8874:
8859:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8846:
8831:
8821:
8800:
8799:
8779:
8773:
8772:
8770:
8768:
8751:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8740:
8725:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8709:
8694:
8685:
8684:
8682:
8680:
8665:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8651:
8636:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8594:
8589:
8587:
8579:
8577:
8575:
8566:
8557:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8546:
8531:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8517:
8502:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8486:
8481:. 12 August 2014
8471:
8465:
8464:
8462:
8460:
8445:
8439:
8438:
8436:
8434:
8419:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8390:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8361:
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8347:
8332:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8316:
8301:
8292:
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8289:
8287:
8272:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8258:
8243:
8234:
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8231:
8229:
8214:
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8200:
8198:
8183:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8172:
8157:
8151:
8150:
8148:
8146:
8131:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8115:
8100:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8086:
8071:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8042:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8031:
8017:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8006:
8000:
7989:
7983:
7977:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7960:
7954:
7953:
7946:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7935:
7929:
7923:. Archived from
7918:
7910:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7900:
7885:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7860:
7854:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7835:
7829:
7823:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7790:
7784:
7779:
7773:
7772:
7770:
7768:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7735:on 6 August 2010
7731:. Archived from
7725:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7714:
7697:
7691:
7679:
7673:
7667:
7661:
7648:
7642:
7629:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7604:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7579:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7560:. Archived from
7548:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7528:. Archived from
7519:
7513:
7512:
7501:
7495:
7494:
7489:. Archived from
7479:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7469:
7454:
7448:
7447:
7435:
7429:
7428:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7402:. Archived from
7396:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7330:. Archived from
7318:
7312:
7311:
7306:. Archived from
7294:
7288:
7283:
7277:
7276:
7264:
7258:
7257:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7231:
7225:
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7222:
7220:
7205:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7174:
7163:
7162:
7160:
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7147:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7137:
7122:
7112:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7096:
7090:
7084:. Archived from
7083:
7075:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7064:
7045:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7020:
7014:
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6996:
6991:
6985:
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6945:
6938:
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6924:
6923:
6921:
6920:
6909:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6885:
6879:
6878:
6872:
6867:
6865:
6857:
6855:
6854:
6848:
6840:
6834:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6818:
6813:
6811:
6803:
6792:
6786:
6785:
6779:
6774:
6772:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6756:on June 24, 2006
6755:
6748:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6699:. Archived from
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6670:. Archived from
6660:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6644:. 3 October 2013
6638:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6572:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6493:
6487:
6486:
6475:
6469:
6468:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6447:Business Insider
6439:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6406:
6397:
6396:
6385:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6312:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6272:
6264:
6258:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6193:
6191:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6149:
6143:
6142:
6141:. 28 March 2022.
6136:
6128:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6094:
6088:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6057:
6051:
6050:
6049:. 17 March 2017.
6039:
6033:
6032:
6021:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5969:
5963:
5956:
5950:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5914:
5908:
5895:
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5886:
5884:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5825:Brown Moses Blog
5817:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5782:
5773:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5736:
5730:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5623:Voice of America
5615:
5609:
5604:
5598:
5586:
5580:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5517:Georgia, Civil.
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5491:Georgia, Civil.
5488:
5482:
5473:
5467:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5411:
5405:
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5401:
5385:
5376:
5375:
5373:
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5353:
5344:
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5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5296:
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5265:
5264:
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5219:
5218:
5206:
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5187:
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5180:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5077:. Archived from
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5035:
5029:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4958:
4952:
4951:
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4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4870:. 4 October 2020
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4798:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4744:. Archived from
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4714:. Archived from
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4684:. Archived from
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4625:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4601:"United Kingdom"
4597:
4591:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4570:
4561:
4560:
4544:
4531:
4518:
4517:
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4366:
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4344:
4336:
4330:
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4325:
4314:
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4290:
4284:
4274:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4240:
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4231:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4177:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4107:"Wreaking Havoc"
4102:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4088:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4020:
4010:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3950:
3839:Société Générale
3712:
3710:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3670:
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3509:
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3498:
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3472:
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3459:
3457:
3456:
3446:
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3431:
3429:
3428:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3391:
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3378:
3376:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3349:
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3326:
3324:
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3313:
3311:
3310:
3300:
3298:
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3287:
3285:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3246:
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3217:
3207:
3205:
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3194:
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3154:
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3151:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3127:
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3124:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3098:
3096:
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3082:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2475:Croatian militia
2474:
2473:
2472:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2144:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2075:
1788:Norsk Folkehjelp
1563:Nagorno Karabakh
1262:counteroffensive
958:tactical missile
893:
824:2006 Lebanon War
820:conflict in 1982
812:2006 Lebanon War
802:of Lebanon, the
632:Yugoslavia, 1999
593:Azerbaijani Army
543:Nagorno Karabakh
284:white phosphorus
280:incendiary bombs
83:explosive weapon
79:cluster munition
12311:
12310:
12306:
12305:
12304:
12302:
12301:
12300:
12271:
12270:
12269:
12264:
12248:
12240:
12170:
12094:
12038:
11972:
11907:Imperial castle
11880:Coercion castle
11875:Coastal defence
11858:
11820:Promontory fort
11790:Hillside castle
11759:
11675:Fallout shelter
11640:Concertina wire
11620:Border security
11573:
11484:
11193:
10826:Coercion castle
10814:Cheval de frise
10796:Chemin de ronde
10644:Albarrana tower
10625:
10570:Schwedenschanze
10547:Promontory fort
10374:
10369:
10336:Wayback Machine
10325:
10317:Wayback Machine
10305:Wayback Machine
10294:
10253:
10248:
10242:
10225:
10220:
10210:
10208:
10204:
10197:
10193:
10192:
10188:
10178:
10176:
10167:
10166:
10162:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10143:
10142:
10138:
10128:
10126:
10117:
10116:
10112:
10102:
10100:
10099:. 2 August 2018
10097:the-monitor.org
10091:
10090:
10086:
10076:
10074:
10071:the-monitor.org
10065:
10064:
10060:
10050:
10048:
10045:the-monitor.org
10039:
10038:
10034:
10024:
10022:
10019:the-monitor.org
10013:
10012:
10008:
9998:
9996:
9993:the-monitor.org
9987:
9986:
9982:
9972:
9970:
9967:the-monitor.org
9961:
9960:
9956:
9946:
9944:
9941:the-monitor.org
9935:
9934:
9930:
9921:
9919:
9916:the-monitor.org
9910:
9909:
9905:
9895:
9893:
9884:
9883:
9879:
9869:
9867:
9864:the-monitor.org
9858:
9857:
9853:
9843:
9841:
9838:the-monitor.org
9832:
9831:
9827:
9817:
9815:
9812:the-monitor.org
9806:
9805:
9801:
9791:
9789:
9788:. 2 August 2018
9786:the-monitor.org
9780:
9779:
9775:
9765:
9763:
9760:the-monitor.org
9754:
9753:
9749:
9739:
9737:
9734:the-monitor.org
9728:
9727:
9723:
9713:
9711:
9708:the-monitor.org
9702:
9701:
9697:
9687:
9685:
9682:the-monitor.org
9676:
9675:
9671:
9661:
9659:
9656:the-monitor.org
9650:
9649:
9645:
9636:
9634:
9631:the-monitor.org
9625:
9624:
9620:
9610:
9608:
9605:the-monitor.org
9599:
9598:
9594:
9584:
9582:
9579:the-monitor.org
9573:
9572:
9568:
9558:
9556:
9553:the-monitor.org
9547:
9546:
9542:
9532:
9530:
9527:the-monitor.org
9521:
9520:
9513:
9503:
9501:
9500:. 3 August 2016
9498:the-monitor.org
9492:
9491:
9484:
9474:
9472:
9471:. 8 August 2016
9469:the-monitor.org
9463:
9462:
9458:
9448:
9446:
9443:the-monitor.org
9437:
9436:
9432:
9422:
9420:
9419:. 2 August 2018
9417:the-monitor.org
9411:
9410:
9403:
9394:
9392:
9389:the-monitor.org
9383:
9382:
9375:
9366:
9364:
9361:the-monitor.org
9355:
9354:
9347:
9338:
9336:
9333:the-monitor.org
9327:
9326:
9319:
9309:
9307:
9304:the-monitor.org
9298:
9297:
9290:
9280:
9278:
9275:the-monitor.org
9269:
9268:
9261:
9251:
9249:
9248:. 2 August 2018
9246:the-monitor.org
9240:
9239:
9232:
9222:
9220:
9217:the-monitor.org
9211:
9210:
9203:
9193:
9191:
9188:the-monitor.org
9182:
9181:
9177:
9167:
9165:
9156:
9155:
9151:
9141:
9139:
9136:the-monitor.org
9130:
9129:
9122:
9113:
9111:
9108:the-monitor.org
9102:
9101:
9094:
9084:
9082:
9081:. 8 August 2016
9079:the-monitor.org
9073:
9072:
9068:
9058:
9056:
9055:. 2 August 2018
9053:the-monitor.org
9047:
9046:
9042:
9032:
9030:
9027:the-monitor.org
9021:
9020:
9013:
9003:
9001:
8998:the-monitor.org
8992:
8991:
8987:
8977:
8975:
8972:the-monitor.org
8966:
8965:
8958:
8948:
8946:
8943:the-monitor.org
8937:
8936:
8932:
8922:
8920:
8917:the-monitor.org
8911:
8910:
8906:
8897:
8895:
8890:
8889:
8882:
8872:
8870:
8861:
8860:
8853:
8844:
8842:
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8829:
8823:
8822:
8803:
8796:
8780:
8776:
8766:
8764:
8761:Washington Post
8752:
8748:
8738:
8736:
8735:. 2 August 2018
8733:the-monitor.org
8727:
8726:
8717:
8707:
8705:
8702:the-monitor.org
8696:
8695:
8688:
8678:
8676:
8675:. 2 August 2018
8673:the-monitor.org
8667:
8666:
8659:
8649:
8647:
8644:the-monitor.org
8638:
8637:
8630:
8620:
8618:
8615:the-monitor.org
8609:
8608:
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8592:
8590:
8581:
8580:
8573:
8571:
8564:
8558:
8554:
8544:
8542:
8539:the-monitor.org
8533:
8532:
8525:
8515:
8513:
8512:. 7 August 2018
8510:the-monitor.org
8504:
8503:
8494:
8484:
8482:
8473:
8472:
8468:
8458:
8456:
8455:. 2 August 2018
8453:the-monitor.org
8447:
8446:
8442:
8432:
8430:
8429:. 8 August 2016
8427:the-monitor.org
8421:
8420:
8413:
8403:
8401:
8398:the-monitor.org
8392:
8391:
8384:
8374:
8372:
8371:. 2 August 2018
8369:the-monitor.org
8363:
8362:
8355:
8345:
8343:
8342:. 2 August 2018
8340:the-monitor.org
8334:
8333:
8324:
8314:
8312:
8309:the-monitor.org
8303:
8302:
8295:
8285:
8283:
8280:the-monitor.org
8274:
8273:
8266:
8256:
8254:
8251:the-monitor.org
8245:
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8237:
8227:
8225:
8224:. 2 August 2018
8222:the-monitor.org
8216:
8215:
8206:
8196:
8194:
8185:
8184:
8180:
8170:
8168:
8165:the-monitor.org
8159:
8158:
8154:
8144:
8142:
8141:. 2 August 2018
8139:the-monitor.org
8133:
8132:
8123:
8113:
8111:
8108:the-monitor.org
8102:
8101:
8094:
8084:
8082:
8079:the-monitor.org
8073:
8072:
8065:
8055:
8053:
8050:the-monitor.org
8044:
8043:
8039:
8029:
8027:
8025:the-monitor.org
8019:
8018:
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7990:
7986:
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7974:
7966:
7962:
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7957:
7948:
7947:
7943:
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7927:
7916:
7912:
7911:
7907:
7898:
7896:
7887:
7886:
7882:
7873:
7871:
7862:
7861:
7857:
7848:
7846:
7836:
7832:
7824:
7813:
7803:
7801:
7792:
7791:
7787:
7780:
7776:
7766:
7764:
7752:
7748:
7738:
7736:
7727:
7726:
7722:
7712:
7710:
7698:
7694:
7689:Wayback Machine
7680:
7676:
7668:
7664:
7658:Wayback Machine
7649:
7645:
7639:Wayback Machine
7630:
7626:
7616:
7614:
7606:
7605:
7601:
7591:
7589:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7567:
7565:
7550:
7549:
7545:
7535:
7533:
7532:on 19 June 2008
7521:
7520:
7516:
7503:
7502:
7498:
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7476:
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7455:
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7319:
7315:
7296:
7295:
7291:
7284:
7280:
7265:
7261:
7252:
7251:
7247:
7240:Washington Post
7232:
7228:
7218:
7216:
7213:the-monitor.org
7207:
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7197:
7187:
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7182:the-monitor.org
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7012:Wayback Machine
7003:
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6625:
6623:
6602:
6598:
6589:
6587:
6580:Legacies of War
6574:
6573:
6569:
6559:
6557:
6554:Washington Post
6545:
6541:
6536:. 16 July 2023.
6528:
6527:
6523:
6512:
6508:
6503:. 10 July 2023.
6495:
6494:
6490:
6477:
6476:
6472:
6459:
6458:
6454:
6441:
6440:
6436:
6427:
6425:
6407:
6400:
6395:. 29 June 2023.
6387:
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6313:
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5905:Wayback Machine
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5763:
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5749:
5747:
5737:
5733:
5725:Taylor, Jerome
5724:
5720:
5711:
5709:
5691:
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5596:Wayback Machine
5587:
5583:
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5557:
5555:
5554:on 19 July 2020
5542:
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5268:
5259:
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5248:
5247:
5243:
5238:Wayback Machine
5229:
5222:
5207:
5203:
5188:
5184:
5179:. 10 July 2023.
5171:
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5056:
5050:
5046:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5026:Wayback Machine
5017:
5013:
5004:
5002:
4995:The Independent
4987:
4980:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4945:
4943:
4934:
4933:
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4919:
4917:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4873:
4871:
4862:
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4857:
4847:
4845:
4836:
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4802:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4748:on 10 June 2016
4736:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4718:on 16 June 2015
4706:
4705:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4680:
4679:
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4609:
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4599:
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4594:
4589:
4585:
4580:. 10 July 2023.
4572:
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4426:
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4411:
4402:
4400:
4398:youtuberead.com
4392:
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4387:
4382:Wayback Machine
4373:
4369:
4359:
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4323:
4321:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4302:
4300:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4275:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4243:Budge, Kent G.
4241:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4204:
4202:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4175:
4173:
4166:"Detroit-Built"
4164:
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4099:
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3990:
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3886:
3779:Crédit Agricole
3743:Bank of America
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2611:
2609:
2597:
2595:
2582:
2580:
2566:
2564:
2551:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2531:Serbian militia
2526:
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2518:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2493:
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2480:
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2468:
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2227:
2225:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2191:
2189:
2177:
2175:
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2161:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2127:
2125:
2113:
2111:
2099:
2097:
2086:
2084:
2073:
2071:
2063:
2058:
1981:
1958:
1952:
1925:Robert M. Gates
1828:
1780:Erik Thorstvedt
1773:
1717:
1517:
1489:
1487:Civilian deaths
1480:Esperanza y Cia
1391:
1335:
1141:
1127:
1095:
1076:
1070:
1058:
1045:
1024:Syrian uprising
1020:
1003:Colonel Gaddafi
999:
966:
920:
891:
795:
789:
707:
697:
683:
653:Royal Air Force
640:
634:
621:
559:Nerkin Horatagh
539:
527:
504:
495:
473:
448:
421:
415:
410:
377:
375:Anti-electrical
353:
328:
256:
205:
130:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12309:
12299:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12266:
12265:
12263:
12262:
12245:
12242:
12241:
12239:
12238:
12237:
12236:
12226:
12224:Trench warfare
12221:
12219:Tunnel warfare
12216:
12215:
12214:
12204:
12199:
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12176:
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12118:
12113:
12108:
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12096:
12095:
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12087:
12082:
12077:
12075:Fortifications
12072:
12067:
12062:
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12046:
12044:
12040:
12039:
12037:
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12026:
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12001:
11996:
11991:
11986:
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11965:
11960:
11955:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11927:
11918:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11892:
11887:
11885:Counter-castle
11882:
11877:
11872:
11870:Border barrier
11866:
11864:
11860:
11859:
11857:
11856:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11827:
11822:
11817:
11812:
11807:
11805:Lowland castle
11802:
11797:
11795:Hilltop castle
11792:
11787:
11782:
11777:
11771:
11769:
11765:
11764:
11761:
11760:
11758:
11757:
11752:
11747:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11727:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11670:Electric fence
11667:
11662:
11660:Dragon's teeth
11657:
11655:Czech hedgehog
11652:
11647:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11587:
11581:
11579:
11575:
11574:
11572:
11571:
11569:Wire obstacles
11566:
11557:
11555:Polygonal fort
11552:
11547:
11545:Martello tower
11542:
11537:
11532:
11527:
11522:
11517:
11512:
11510:Border outpost
11507:
11498:
11492:
11490:
11486:
11485:
11483:
11482:
11473:
11468:
11463:
11458:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11410:
11401:
11396:
11386:
11384:Polygonal fort
11381:
11376:
11371:
11362:
11353:
11348:
11339:
11334:
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11324:
11319:
11310:
11305:
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11028:
11023:
11014:
11009:
11004:
10995:
10990:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10936:
10927:
10922:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10896:
10891:
10876:
10874:Flanking tower
10871:
10862:
10853:
10848:
10843:
10841:Counter-castle
10838:
10833:
10828:
10823:
10818:
10809:
10800:
10791:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
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10728:
10723:
10714:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10635:
10633:
10631:Post-classical
10627:
10626:
10624:
10623:
10621:Vitrified fort
10618:
10606:
10597:
10588:
10579:
10574:
10565:
10560:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10525:
10520:
10511:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10479:Defensive wall
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10447:
10438:
10429:
10420:
10411:
10402:
10393:
10388:
10382:
10380:
10376:
10375:
10372:Fortifications
10368:
10367:
10360:
10353:
10345:
10339:
10338:
10324:
10321:
10320:
10319:
10307:
10293:
10290:
10289:
10288:
10283:
10277:
10271:
10265:
10259:
10252:
10251:External links
10249:
10247:
10246:
10240:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10218:
10186:
10160:
10136:
10110:
10084:
10058:
10047:. 26 June 2018
10032:
10006:
9995:. 26 June 2018
9980:
9954:
9928:
9903:
9877:
9851:
9840:. 26 June 2018
9825:
9814:. 26 June 2018
9799:
9773:
9762:. 26 June 2018
9747:
9721:
9695:
9669:
9658:. 26 June 2018
9643:
9618:
9607:. 26 June 2018
9592:
9566:
9540:
9511:
9482:
9456:
9430:
9401:
9373:
9345:
9317:
9288:
9259:
9230:
9219:. 26 June 2018
9201:
9175:
9149:
9120:
9092:
9066:
9040:
9011:
9000:. 21 July 2016
8985:
8974:. 26 June 2018
8956:
8945:. 31 July 2015
8930:
8919:. 29 July 2015
8904:
8880:
8851:
8838:
8801:
8794:
8774:
8746:
8715:
8686:
8657:
8628:
8602:
8593:|journal=
8552:
8523:
8492:
8466:
8440:
8411:
8382:
8353:
8322:
8293:
8282:. 26 June 2018
8264:
8235:
8204:
8178:
8167:. 26 June 2018
8152:
8121:
8092:
8063:
8052:. 26 June 2018
8037:
8012:
7984:
7972:
7955:
7941:
7914:"PageNotFound"
7905:
7880:
7855:
7830:
7811:
7785:
7774:
7746:
7720:
7692:
7674:
7662:
7643:
7624:
7599:
7574:
7543:
7514:
7496:
7474:
7449:
7430:
7416:
7391:
7369:
7344:
7313:
7289:
7278:
7259:
7245:
7226:
7215:. 26 June 2018
7195:
7184:. 26 June 2018
7164:
7142:
7129:
7102:
7070:
7040:
7015:
6997:
6986:
6977:
6968:|journal=
6925:
6904:
6880:
6871:|journal=
6835:
6826:
6817:|journal=
6787:
6778:|journal=
6735:
6714:
6684:
6655:
6633:
6596:
6567:
6539:
6521:
6506:
6488:
6485:. 7 July 2023.
6470:
6467:. 7 July 2023.
6452:
6449:. 8 July 2023.
6434:
6398:
6380:
6352:
6326:
6307:
6259:
6248:
6227:
6201:
6170:
6144:
6114:
6089:
6077:
6052:
6034:
6016:
5990:
5964:
5951:
5934:
5909:
5890:
5864:
5838:
5807:
5774:
5764:Chivers, C.J.
5757:
5745:New York Times
5731:
5718:
5685:
5660:
5635:
5610:
5599:
5581:
5565:
5535:
5509:
5483:
5468:
5453:
5435:
5406:
5377:
5345:
5334:on 2 June 2008
5313:
5291:
5266:
5241:
5220:
5201:
5182:
5164:
5142:
5128:
5114:
5092:
5066:
5044:
5030:
5011:
4978:
4953:
4927:
4899:
4881:
4855:
4829:
4810:
4785:
4774:. 21 June 2020
4759:
4729:
4699:
4673:
4642:
4617:
4592:
4583:
4562:
4555:
4519:
4492:
4465:
4436:
4409:
4385:
4367:
4331:
4309:
4285:
4266:
4235:
4215:
4186:
4157:
4128:
4097:
4067:
4034:
4027:
4000:
3970:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3885:
3882:
3876:, and others.
3823:Morgan Stanley
3807:JPMorgan Chase
3771:Commerzbank AG
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3703:
3690:
3677:
3664:
3651:
3638:
3625:
3612:
3599:
3586:
3573:
3560:
3544:
3528:
3515:
3502:
3489:
3476:
3463:
3450:
3437:
3421:
3408:
3395:
3382:
3369:
3356:
3343:
3330:
3317:
3304:
3291:
3278:
3263:
3250:
3237:
3224:
3211:
3198:
3185:
3172:
3159:
3144:
3131:
3118:
3102:
3089:
3076:
3063:
3050:
3036:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3006:
3002:United Kingdom
2990:
2976:
2963:
2947:
2931:
2915:
2899:
2885:
2872:
2858:
2845:
2832:
2819:
2806:
2790:
2774:
2760:
2736:
2723:
2710:
2696:
2680:
2664:
2651:
2635:
2622:
2606:
2593:
2577:
2560:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2532:
2514:
2502:
2489:
2476:
2465:
2456:
2453:
2436:
2435:
2422:
2409:
2396:
2383:
2370:
2352:
2329:
2316:
2303:
2285:
2270:
2257:
2236:
2223:
2200:
2187:
2172:
2159:
2136:
2123:
2108:
2095:
2082:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
1980:
1977:
1954:Main article:
1951:
1948:
1936:European Union
1827:
1824:
1772:
1769:
1716:
1715:
1712:Western Sahara
1708:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1689:United Kingdom
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1538:Countries and
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1390:
1387:
1358:United Nations
1334:
1331:
1318:Vladimir Putin
1180:Donetsk Oblast
1126:
1123:
1094:
1093:Ethiopia, 2021
1091:
1069:
1066:
1057:
1054:
1044:
1041:
1019:
1016:
1012:New York Times
998:
995:
965:
962:
955:9K720 Iskander
932:
931:
919:
916:
842:Kiryat Motzkin
816:
815:
788:
785:
734:
733:
727:cluster bombs.
717:launches from
715:F/A-18C Hornet
696:
693:
692:
691:
682:
679:
670:
669:
666:
663:
645:
644:
633:
630:
629:
628:
620:
617:
538:
535:
526:
523:
503:
500:
494:
491:
477:Western Sahara
472:
469:
447:
444:
414:
411:
409:
408:History of use
406:
394:short circuits
376:
373:
352:
349:
327:
326:Anti-personnel
324:
308:conflagrations
302:. They caused
255:
252:
204:
201:
158:Butterfly Bomb
138:Butterfly Bomb
129:
126:
23:American Idiot
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12308:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12278:
12276:
12261:
12260:
12247:
12246:
12243:
12235:
12232:
12231:
12230:
12229:Urban warfare
12227:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12213:
12210:
12209:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12182:Civil defense
12180:
12179:
12177:
12173:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12103:
12101:
12097:
12091:
12088:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12078:
12076:
12073:
12071:
12068:
12066:
12063:
12061:
12058:
12056:
12053:
12051:
12050:Bastion forts
12048:
12047:
12045:
12041:
12035:
12034:Z-plan castle
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12004:L-plan castle
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11989:Bridge castle
11987:
11985:
11982:
11981:
11979:
11975:
11969:
11966:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11958:Refuge castle
11956:
11953:
11952:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11940:
11939:Military base
11937:
11934:
11933:
11928:
11925:
11924:
11919:
11916:
11915:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11902:Hunting lodge
11900:
11898:
11897:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11867:
11865:
11861:
11855:
11852:
11850:
11847:
11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11834:
11833:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11815:Moated castle
11813:
11811:
11808:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11800:Island castle
11798:
11796:
11793:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11772:
11770:
11768:By topography
11766:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11740:Submarine pen
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11695:Hesco bastion
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11648:
11646:
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11610:Blast shelter
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11582:
11580:
11576:
11570:
11567:
11564:
11563:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11543:
11541:
11538:
11536:
11533:
11531:
11528:
11526:
11523:
11521:
11518:
11516:
11513:
11511:
11508:
11505:
11504:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11493:
11491:
11487:
11480:
11479:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11459:
11456:
11455:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11417:
11416:
11411:
11408:
11407:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11393:
11392:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11379:Place-of-arms
11377:
11375:
11372:
11369:
11368:
11363:
11360:
11359:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11346:
11345:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11317:
11316:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11288:
11287:
11282:
11279:
11278:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11255:
11254:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11216:
11215:
11210:
11209:
11207:
11203:
11200:
11196:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11179:
11178:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11161:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11125:
11124:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11021:
11020:
11015:
11013:
11012:Machicolation
11010:
11008:
11007:L-plan castle
11005:
11002:
11001:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10986:
10985:
10977:
10976:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10943:
10942:
10937:
10934:
10933:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10920:
10919:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10901:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10889:
10885:
10881:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10869:
10868:
10863:
10860:
10859:
10854:
10852:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10832:
10829:
10827:
10824:
10822:
10819:
10816:
10815:
10810:
10807:
10806:
10801:
10798:
10797:
10792:
10789:
10788:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10740:Bridge castle
10738:
10735:
10734:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10721:
10720:
10715:
10712:
10711:
10706:
10704:
10703:Bent entrance
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10688:Battery tower
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10658:
10657:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10639:Advanced work
10637:
10636:
10634:
10632:
10628:
10622:
10619:
10615:
10610:
10607:
10604:
10603:
10598:
10595:
10594:
10589:
10586:
10585:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10566:
10564:
10563:Refuge castle
10561:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10532:
10531:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10518:
10517:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10454:
10453:
10448:
10445:
10444:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10430:
10427:
10426:
10421:
10418:
10417:
10412:
10409:
10408:
10403:
10400:
10399:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10383:
10381:
10377:
10373:
10366:
10361:
10359:
10354:
10352:
10347:
10346:
10343:
10337:
10333:
10330:
10327:
10326:
10318:
10314:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10302:
10299:
10296:
10295:
10287:
10284:
10281:
10278:
10275:
10272:
10269:
10266:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10254:
10243:
10241:0-00-255527-1
10237:
10233:
10228:
10227:
10207:on 2013-11-12
10203:
10196:
10190:
10174:
10170:
10164:
10146:
10140:
10125:on 2012-08-25
10124:
10120:
10114:
10098:
10094:
10088:
10073:. 9 July 2018
10072:
10068:
10062:
10046:
10042:
10036:
10021:. 9 July 2018
10020:
10016:
10010:
9994:
9990:
9984:
9969:. 3 July 2018
9968:
9964:
9958:
9943:. 3 July 2018
9942:
9938:
9932:
9917:
9913:
9907:
9891:
9887:
9881:
9866:. 3 July 2018
9865:
9861:
9855:
9839:
9835:
9829:
9813:
9809:
9803:
9787:
9783:
9777:
9761:
9757:
9751:
9736:. 3 July 2018
9735:
9731:
9725:
9710:. 3 July 2018
9709:
9705:
9699:
9684:. 3 July 2018
9683:
9679:
9673:
9657:
9653:
9647:
9632:
9628:
9622:
9606:
9602:
9596:
9581:. 3 July 2018
9580:
9576:
9570:
9554:
9550:
9544:
9529:. 9 July 2018
9528:
9524:
9518:
9516:
9499:
9495:
9489:
9487:
9470:
9466:
9460:
9445:. 8 July 2018
9444:
9440:
9434:
9418:
9414:
9408:
9406:
9390:
9386:
9380:
9378:
9362:
9358:
9352:
9350:
9334:
9330:
9324:
9322:
9306:. 3 July 2018
9305:
9301:
9295:
9293:
9277:. 3 July 2018
9276:
9272:
9266:
9264:
9247:
9243:
9237:
9235:
9218:
9214:
9208:
9206:
9189:
9185:
9179:
9163:
9159:
9153:
9138:. 3 July 2018
9137:
9133:
9127:
9125:
9109:
9105:
9099:
9097:
9080:
9076:
9070:
9054:
9050:
9044:
9029:. 3 July 2018
9028:
9024:
9018:
9016:
8999:
8995:
8989:
8973:
8969:
8963:
8961:
8944:
8940:
8934:
8918:
8914:
8908:
8893:
8887:
8885:
8868:
8864:
8858:
8856:
8841:
8835:
8828:
8827:
8820:
8818:
8816:
8814:
8812:
8810:
8808:
8806:
8797:
8791:
8787:
8786:
8778:
8763:
8762:
8757:
8750:
8734:
8730:
8724:
8722:
8720:
8704:. 3 July 2018
8703:
8699:
8693:
8691:
8674:
8670:
8664:
8662:
8646:. 9 July 2018
8645:
8641:
8635:
8633:
8617:. 9 July 2018
8616:
8612:
8606:
8598:
8585:
8570:
8563:
8556:
8541:. 3 July 2018
8540:
8536:
8530:
8528:
8511:
8507:
8501:
8499:
8497:
8480:
8476:
8470:
8454:
8450:
8444:
8428:
8424:
8418:
8416:
8400:. 3 July 2018
8399:
8395:
8389:
8387:
8370:
8366:
8360:
8358:
8341:
8337:
8331:
8329:
8327:
8311:. 9 July 2018
8310:
8306:
8300:
8298:
8281:
8277:
8271:
8269:
8253:. 3 July 2018
8252:
8248:
8242:
8240:
8223:
8219:
8213:
8211:
8209:
8192:
8188:
8182:
8166:
8162:
8156:
8140:
8136:
8130:
8128:
8126:
8110:. 3 July 2018
8109:
8105:
8099:
8097:
8081:. 3 July 2018
8080:
8076:
8070:
8068:
8051:
8047:
8041:
8026:
8022:
8016:
7997:
7996:
7988:
7981:
7976:
7965:
7959:
7951:
7945:
7930:on 2017-02-01
7926:
7922:
7915:
7909:
7894:
7890:
7884:
7869:
7865:
7859:
7845:
7844:The Telegraph
7841:
7834:
7827:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7799:
7795:
7789:
7783:
7778:
7763:
7762:
7757:
7750:
7734:
7730:
7724:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7696:
7690:
7686:
7683:
7678:
7672:ICRC web site
7671:
7666:
7659:
7655:
7652:
7647:
7640:
7636:
7633:
7628:
7613:
7609:
7603:
7588:
7584:
7578:
7564:on 2011-06-09
7563:
7559:
7558:
7553:
7547:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7518:
7510:
7506:
7500:
7492:
7488:
7484:
7478:
7464:
7460:
7453:
7445:
7441:
7434:
7426:
7420:
7406:on 2011-12-10
7405:
7401:
7395:
7379:
7373:
7358:
7354:
7348:
7334:on 2011-06-09
7333:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7317:
7309:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7293:
7287:
7282:
7274:
7270:
7263:
7255:
7249:
7241:
7237:
7230:
7214:
7210:
7204:
7202:
7200:
7183:
7179:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7152:
7146:
7132:
7126:
7119:
7118:
7111:
7109:
7107:
7091:on 2012-04-11
7087:
7080:
7074:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7044:
7029:
7025:
7019:
7013:
7009:
7006:
7001:
6995:
6990:
6981:
6973:
6960:
6942:
6935:
6929:
6914:
6908:
6894:
6890:
6884:
6876:
6863:
6845:
6839:
6830:
6822:
6809:
6801:
6797:
6791:
6783:
6770:
6752:
6745:
6739:
6724:
6718:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6674:on 2013-07-24
6673:
6669:
6665:
6659:
6643:
6637:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6605:Lance, Rachel
6600:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6571:
6556:
6555:
6550:
6543:
6535:
6531:
6525:
6517:
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6502:
6498:
6492:
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6412:
6405:
6403:
6394:
6390:
6384:
6369:
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6356:
6341:
6337:
6330:
6322:
6318:
6311:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6271:
6263:
6257:
6252:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6231:
6215:
6211:
6205:
6197:
6185:
6181:
6174:
6158:
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6140:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6103:
6099:
6093:
6087:
6081:
6066:
6062:
6056:
6048:
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6038:
6030:
6026:
6020:
6005:
6001:
5994:
5978:
5974:
5968:
5961:
5955:
5948:
5947:The Guardian.
5944:
5938:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5894:
5879:
5875:
5868:
5853:
5849:
5842:
5826:
5822:
5816:
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5812:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5779:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5746:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5722:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5689:
5674:
5670:
5664:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5624:
5620:
5614:
5608:
5603:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5585:
5578:
5574:
5569:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5524:
5520:
5513:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5480:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5464:
5457:
5450:. 2006-07-25.
5449:
5445:
5439:
5425:on 2008-11-13
5424:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5395:
5391:
5384:
5382:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5352:
5350:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5301:
5295:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5197:
5193:
5186:
5178:
5177:Rolling Stone
5174:
5168:
5152:
5146:
5138:
5132:
5124:
5118:
5102:
5096:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5055:
5048:
5040:
5034:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5015:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4985:
4983:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4966:aljazeera.com
4963:
4957:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4903:
4896:. 2020-10-23.
4895:
4891:
4885:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4825:
4821:
4814:
4795:
4789:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4688:on 2012-12-26
4687:
4683:
4677:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4630:
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4602:
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3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Canister shot
3903:
3901:
3900:Bomb disposal
3898:
3896:
3895:Ban Advocates
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3819:Merrill Lynch
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3791:Goldman Sachs
3788:
3787:Deutsche Bank
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3747:Bank of China
3744:
3740:
3736:
3733:, many major
3732:
3728:
3715:
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3702:
3691:
3689:
3678:
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3665:
3663:
3662:United States
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3199:
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3145:
3143:
3132:
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3119:
3117:
3115:
3103:
3101:
3090:
3088:
3077:
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3064:
3062:
3051:
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3033:
3018:
3017:United States
3007:
3005:
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2991:
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2434:
2423:
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2420:United States
2410:
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2222:
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2207:
2201:
2199:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2173:
2171:
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2137:
2135:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2109:
2107:
2096:
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2083:
2081:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1957:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1917:120 countries
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:Latin America
1895:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:Ottawa Treaty
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:Ottawa Treaty
1832:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:Guinea-Bissau
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1700:
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1549:
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1545:
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1541:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:Ban Advocates
1521:
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1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1481:
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1472:
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1424:
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1400:
1399:Plain of Jars
1395:
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1384:
1380:
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1371:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1355:
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1344:
1339:
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1327:
1321:
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1284:
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1244:
1240:
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1227:
1223:
1221:
1217:
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1209:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:cluster bombs
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1056:Ukraine, 2014
1053:
1051:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:Eliot Higgins
1025:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
987:
983:
978:
976:
971:
968:In 2009, the
961:
959:
956:
951:
946:
944:
941:
937:
936:Georgian army
929:
925:
922:
921:
918:Georgia, 2008
915:
913:
909:
905:
904:FR Yugoslavia
901:
897:
889:
885:
880:
876:
873:
868:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
833:
827:
825:
821:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:
794:
784:
782:
781:Richard Myers
778:
777:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
750:
746:
742:
739:: During the
738:
731:
730:
726:
722:
721:
716:
711:
706:
702:
689:
685:
684:
678:
674:
667:
664:
661:
660:
659:
656:
654:
650:
642:
641:
639:
627:
623:
622:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
566:
564:
563:Kiçik Qarabəy
560:
556:
551:
549:
544:
534:
532:
525:Grenada, 1983
522:
520:
519:Falklands War
516:
512:
508:
502:Falklands War
499:
490:
487:
484:
482:
478:
468:
465:
461:
457:
454:in 1978, the
453:
443:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
420:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
382:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
348:
346:
341:
337:
336:cluster bombs
333:
332:fragmentation
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
273:
269:
265:
260:
251:
249:
245:
242:
238:
233:
231:
230:shaped charge
225:
223:
220:retarders or
219:
209:
200:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
139:
134:
125:
122:
118:
115:, adopted in
114:
109:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
73:
68:
62:
58:
57:North Vietnam
54:
49:
43:
39:
35:
30:
24:
19:
12291:Submunitions
12252:
12207:Siege engine
12175:Other topics
12099:Related word
12065:Defense line
12029:Tower castle
11984:Bastion fort
11968:Urban castle
11896:Ganerbenburg
11894:
11849:Water castle
11825:Ridge castle
11810:Marsh castle
11625:Bomb shelter
11605:Belgian gate
11578:20th century
11489:19th century
11427:Retrenchment
11399:Punji sticks
11308:Entrenchment
11303:Device Forts
11270:Counterguard
11205:Early modern
11135:Tower castle
11071:Powder tower
11046:Outer bailey
10958:Inner bailey
10932:Gulyay-gorod
10900:Ganerbenburg
10898:
10894:Fujian tulou
10836:Corner tower
10775:Chamber gate
10745:Bridge tower
10593:Trou de loup
10232:Fighter Wing
10231:
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10209:. Retrieved
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7357:www.icrc.org
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6190:February 27,
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5979:. 3 May 2015
5976:
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5924:. 2014-10-20
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5855:. Retrieved
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5699:The Guardian
5698:
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5675:. 2012-04-26
5672:
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5650:. 2009-02-04
5647:
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5625:. 2009-11-02
5622:
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5552:the original
5547:
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5526:. Retrieved
5523:www.civil.ge
5522:
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5500:. Retrieved
5497:www.civil.ge
5496:
5493:"Civil.Ge -"
5486:
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5423:the original
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5256:. 1982-06-28
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4823:
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4746:the original
4742:Mine Free NK
4741:
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4540:
4535:Jimmy Carter
4510:. Retrieved
4508:. Boston, MA
4505:
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4479:The Guardian
4478:
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4283:, 7 Dec 2007
4280:
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4199:Evening Star
4198:
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4048:The Guardian
4047:
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3991:. Retrieved
3982:
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3957:
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3878:
3851:
3724:
3636:Turkmenistan
3556:South Africa
3546:
3530:
3500:Saudi Arabia
3423:
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3104:
3032:Asterisk (*)
3028:
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2927:South Africa
2917:
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2556:Asterisk (*)
2552:
2458:
2441:Soviet Union
2438:
2354:
2349:South Africa
2331:
2327:Saudi Arabia
2287:
2272:
2202:
2174:
2138:
2110:
2064:
2050:
2028:
2024:
2019:Stephen Mull
2013:
2009:
2005:
1994:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1943:Burkina Faso
1940:
1929:
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1324:
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1299:
1287:
1278:Laura Cooper
1251:
1247:
1236:
1220:the invasion
1213:
1205:
1188:BM-30 Smerch
1165:
1154:
1120:
1106:bombings of
1097:
1096:
1088:
1077:
1059:
1046:
1021:
1011:
1000:
979:
975:Valayanmadam
967:
947:
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862:
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817:
806:and also by
774:
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754:
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718:
675:
671:
657:
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578:
567:
552:
540:
528:
507:Sea Harriers
505:
496:
488:
485:
474:
460:Jimmy Carter
449:
433:
422:
378:
354:
329:
277:
268:Soviet Union
234:
226:
214:
196:
190:
185:
182:
174:Thermos bomb
162:World War II
153:
147:
110:
99:
87:cluster bomb
86:
78:
76:
18:
12106:Castle town
11963:Toll castle
11932:Lustschloss
11914:Kaiserpfalz
11844:Spur castle
11839:Rock castle
11780:Hill castle
11775:Cave castle
11735:Spider hole
11635:Bremer wall
11600:Barbed tape
11496:Barbed wire
11170:Witch tower
11140:Tower house
11130:Toll castle
11116:Shield wall
11036:Murder hole
10925:Guard tower
10542:Pincer gate
10489:Faussebraye
10276:16 May 2007
9162:www.hrw.org
7921:www.dau.mil
7053:www.hrw.org
6220:28 February
6163:27 February
5831:October 13,
5800:October 13,
5548:www.hrw.org
4920:11 December
4360:February 3,
3847:Wells Fargo
3763:BNP Paribas
3354:South Korea
3341:North Korea
2830:South Korea
2817:North Korea
2802:Netherlands
2282:Netherlands
1664:South Sudan
1548:Afghanistan
1528:Afghanistan
1295:Vietnam War
1274:155 mm
1159:during the
1110:during the
1022:During the
1018:Syria, 2012
997:Libya, 2011
908:Afghanistan
589:bombardment
587:came under
585:Stepanakert
450:During the
413:Vietnam War
345:Vietnam War
320:thermobaric
262:During the
128:Development
72:South Korea
61:Vietnam War
12275:Categories
12131:Gatekeeper
11951:Ordensburg
11923:Landesburg
11730:Sentry gun
11685:Flak tower
11615:Blast wall
11535:Gun turret
11432:Sally port
11337:Kotta mara
11277:Couvreface
11241:Breastwork
11236:Blockhouse
11214:Abwurfdach
11165:Watchtower
11155:Wall tower
11111:Shell keep
11061:Portcullis
11056:Peel tower
11041:Neck ditch
11000:Landesburg
10948:Half tower
10906:Gate tower
10851:Drawbridge
10693:Battlement
10609:Wagon fort
10452:Chengqiang
9922:2024-08-18
9637:2024-08-18
9395:2024-08-18
9367:2024-03-14
9339:2024-03-14
9114:2024-03-14
8898:2024-03-14
8845:2020-03-02
8005:24 January
7899:2023-05-06
7874:2023-07-20
7849:2023-07-20
7568:2011-07-13
7468:2010-04-30
7410:2011-11-26
7338:2011-07-13
7136:2020-02-17
7034:2010-04-30
6950:2006-09-01
6919:2006-09-26
6898:2011-07-13
6853:2006-09-01
6760:2009-06-22
6678:2022-03-04
6590:2019-11-05
6428:2023-07-07
6345:8 December
6321:The Nation
6301:2023-01-19
6137:(Report).
6107:20 October
5928:2023-05-06
5712:2024-07-01
5679:2024-07-01
5654:2024-07-01
5629:2024-07-01
5429:2016-12-04
5400:2020-02-17
5396:. Tel Aviv
5371:2020-02-17
5260:2010-03-27
5005:2011-04-16
4970:Al Jazeera
4946:29 October
4578:Al Jazeera
4506:GlobalPost
4423:GlobalPost
4403:2023-04-05
4303:2021-02-03
4061:2017-02-09
3936:References
3815:Lloyds TSB
3721:Financiers
3675:Uzbekistan
3328:Kazakhstan
3061:Azerbaijan
2445:Yugoslavia
2093:Azerbaijan
1989:B-1 Lancer
1913:Wellington
1749:Mozambique
1745:Mauritania
1679:Tajikistan
1654:Montenegro
1558:Azerbaijan
1500:Kosovo War
1192:Bellingcat
1186:9M27K and
1149:Kramatorsk
1129:See also:
1112:Tigray War
1072:See also:
898:added, "f
896:Mark Regev
872:Dan Halutz
791:See also:
720:USS Nimitz
713:A US Navy
699:See also:
636:See also:
548:HALO Trust
511:Royal Navy
417:See also:
385:Kosovo War
304:firestorms
296:Winter War
264:Winter War
254:Incendiary
51:Half of a
12234:Guerrilla
11977:By design
11725:Revetment
11540:Land mine
11471:Star fort
11298:Crownwork
11293:Covertway
11226:Barricade
10867:Embrasure
10780:Chartaque
10710:Bergfried
10668:Arrowslit
10494:Gatehouse
10464:City gate
10425:Castellum
10391:Acropolis
10323:Inquiries
10292:Technical
6621:1059-1028
6423:0362-4331
6283:0362-4331
5707:0261-3077
5215:USA Today
5196:USA Today
4874:4 October
4848:4 October
4844:. Reuters
4803:4 October
4778:4 October
4772:REPORT.AZ
4666:4 October
4455:April 29,
4259:April 29,
4205:April 29,
4176:April 29,
4147:April 29,
4137:"Air War"
4121:April 29,
4087:April 29,
4056:0261-3077
3941:Citations
3803:ING Group
3767:Citigroup
3688:Venezuela
3526:Singapore
3275:Indonesia
2896:Singapore
2549:Producers
2487:Hezbollah
2459:Very few
2364:Sri Lanka
2061:Countries
1515:Locations
1354:Red Cross
1254:Joe Biden
1231:Jen Psaki
838:Hezbollah
808:Hezbollah
776:USA Today
756:2003–2006
521:of 1982.
351:Anti-tank
340:the Blitz
222:streamers
218:parachute
187:Artillery
102:civilians
12259:Category
12249:See also
12136:Loophole
12024:Ringwork
12019:Ringfort
11944:Obstacle
11785:Hillfort
11705:Loophole
11503:Barbette
11478:Tenaille
11461:Sea fort
11391:Presidio
11351:Magazine
11332:Hornwork
11265:Cavalier
11260:Casemate
11253:Caponier
11096:Ringwork
10984:Detinets
10953:Hoarding
10858:Enceinte
10733:Bretèche
10678:Bartizan
10673:Barbican
10649:Alcazaba
10577:Stockade
10557:Ringfort
10537:Palisade
10509:Landwehr
10504:Hillfort
10332:Archived
10313:Archived
10301:Archived
7761:HuffPost
7707:BBC News
7685:Archived
7654:Archived
7635:Archived
7463:BBC News
7028:BBC News
7008:Archived
6941:Archived
6584:Archived
6534:Sky News
6483:The Hill
6393:Politico
6295:Archived
6242:BBC News
5977:BBC News
5901:Archived
5883:June 12,
5750:15 April
5673:BBC News
5592:Archived
5234:Archived
5022:Archived
4662:(2): 1–2
4537:(1993).
4481:. London
4378:Archived
4324:29 April
4253:Archived
4115:Archived
3993:March 1,
3987:Archived
3910:Demining
3884:See also
3835:Sberbank
3755:Barclays
3739:ABN AMRO
3714:Zimbabwe
3610:Thailand
3540:Slovakia
3419:Pakistan
3209:Ethiopia
3129:Cambodia
3114:Bulgaria
2911:Slovakia
2843:Pakistan
2447:and the
2407:Thailand
2157:Ethiopia
2120:Colombia
1765:Thailand
1721:Colombia
1607:Ethiopia
1575:Cambodia
1560:(mainly
1532:Ethiopia
1461:BLU-97/B
1427:Gulf War
1266:occupied
1200:Okhtyrka
1176:Vuhledar
846:Nahariya
741:Gulf War
609:Goranboy
513:dropped
464:Congress
429:Cambodia
381:CBU-94/B
357:warheads
314:and the
166:on Tokyo
152:SD-2 or
55:site in
12166:Vedette
12156:Schloss
12121:Festung
12116:Dungeon
12111:Château
12055:Castles
11863:By role
11720:Pillbox
11550:Outpost
11466:Station
11454:Schanze
11437:Sandbag
11422:Redoubt
11406:Ravelin
11374:Palanka
11358:Orillon
11344:Lunette
11286:Coupure
11231:Bastion
11221:Arsenal
11189:Zwinger
11101:Roundel
11091:Ricetto
11066:Postern
11051:Outwork
10975:Kremlin
10846:Curtain
10821:Citadel
10805:Chemise
10765:Caltrop
10683:Bastion
10656:Alcázar
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